考研英语复习阅读理解推理判断题考点

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考研英语复习阅读理解推理判断题考点(共6篇)由网友“jt1949”投稿提供,以下是小编精心整理的考研英语复习阅读理解推理判断题考点,希望对大家有所帮助。

考研英语复习阅读理解推理判断题考点

篇1:考研英语复习阅读理解推理判断题考点

考研英语复习阅读理解推理判断题考点归纳

考研英语阅读理推理判断题经常四个选项是四个很长的句子,而且极有可能对应原文中截然不同的四个地方,考生就没有耐性一一定位。这是一种错误的方法,考生一定要每个选项都返回原文,找到相对应的考点。笔者接下来就考研经常在推理判断题中出现的考点做一个归纳总结。

推理判断题在这9年来呈现一个明显的上升趋势,题量仅次于细节事实题,现在每年基本考5-6题。

1、推理判断题的标志:infer, imply, suggest,All of the following/statements………NOT true/ correct/ mentioned EXCEPT

2.应该每个选项都返回原文,找出出处

考生经常会在这种题型出错,其实主要就源于一个“懒”。

推理判断题经常四个选项是四个很长的句子,而且极有可能对应原文中截然不同的四个地方,考生就没有耐性一一定位。这是一种错误的方法,考生一定要每个选项都返回原文,找到相对应的考点。笔者接下来就考研经常在推理判断题中出现的考点做一个归纳总结。

A)正话反说:

这是考研的一个难点,即作者实际表达的意思和你读到的字面意思是相反的。很多考生没有真正理解文章意思,只停留在字面意思的理解,经常会选错答案。而正话反说又可以分为以下几类:

Should:应该怎样?也就意味着实际上并没有那么干,也就是作者想表达的意思和字面意思相反。

It looks/sounds like/as if:看/听上去好像,实际并不是。如大纲样题(真题第5篇)的首句“Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as ”steering the economy to a soft landing“ or ”a touch on the brakes“, makes it sound like a precise science.”下划线的字面意思直译“使之听上去好像一门精确的科学”,作者实际表达的意思货币政策并不是一门精确的科学。

虚拟语气:虚拟以所谓的反事实假设,即作者是既表达的意思和字面意思相反。如第五篇的末句“And so it does - and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.”本句话字面意思直译是“如果理性成为创世论和进化论这场争议的惟一评判标准,那么一切都会变得好了”,作者实际表达的意思就是理性既不是惟一评判标准,而今天情况也并不好。

让步论述:让步论述就是先假设作者观点负面成立,从而引发出一系列荒谬的、不合理的结局,倒过来再次论证作者自身观点的正确性。因为有假设能成立的过程,事实上并不能成立,因此字面意思和实际意思依然是相反的。如大纲样题(19第5篇)首段“Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel.”如果把货币政策比成开汽车的话(前文论证过货币政策不能比喻成开汽车,这里就是假设其观点的负面成立),那么你就是开着一辆前挡风玻璃是黑的,后视镜是碎的,方向盘是坏的车(荒谬的不合理的`结局)。倒过来论证货币政策不能比成开汽车。

引号:引号可以起一个反语的作用。如19第5篇中“”Scientific“ creationism, which is being pushed by some for ”equal time“ in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science.”引号表征是所谓的科学,作者表达的意思就是创世论并不科学。

反问句:反问也是一种正话反说。如第2篇首段“That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain?”字面意思“证据不确定,那么科学也不确定了吗?”很明显作者表达的意思是科学是certain的,而不是字面的 uncertain.

文化背景:在某些特定的文化背景当中,作者实际表达意思和字面意思相反。如第5篇第一段“A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming”I wanted to spend more time with my family“。”作者在这里只是借自身来反讽某些政府部长,即作者并不是政府部长,也不是想和家人共度美好时光。

B)深层次的含义:不能仅停留在字面意思理解

C)文章段落主旨:

D)全文末句:

E)文中带有解释性、结论性的句子

F)强对比结构

G)分类列举结构

3.与原文意思最接近,推理步骤最少的那一个作为正确选项

4.傻子原则:不要利用自己任何背景知识来做推理题。有背景知识只能帮助你读懂读文章,不会帮助你做对题目。因为即使一个选项符合常识,它也可能是一个文中未提及的信息,是错误答案。

第二篇:

Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.

It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K. Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush‘s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi)。 The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world's five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht)。

Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.

The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.

47、What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?

[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.

[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman.

[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies' names.

[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.(文章主题为正确答案)

48、The 4th paragraph suggests that

[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students.

[B] alphabetically disadvantaged s

篇2:考研英语阅读 推理判断题考点

考研英语阅读 推理判断题考点归纳

1、推理判断题的标志:infer, imply, suggest,All of the following/statements……NOT true/ correct/ mentioned EXCEPT

2. 应该每个选项都返回原文,找出出处

考生经常会在这种题型出错,其实主要就源于一个“懒”。

推理判断题经常四个选项是四个很长的句子,而且极有可能对应原文中截然不同的四个地方,考生就没有耐性一一定位。这是一种错误的方法,考生一定要每个选项都返回原文,找到相对应的考点。笔者接下来就考研经常在推理判断题中出现的考点做一个归纳总结。

A) 正话反说:

这是考研的一个难点,即作者实际表达的意思和你读到的字面意思是相反的。很多考生没有真正理解文章意思,只停留在字面意思的理解,经常会选错答案。而正话反说又可以分为以下几类:

Should:应该怎样?也就意味着实际上并没有那么干,也就是作者想表达的意思和字面意思相反。

It looks/sounds like/as if:看/听上去好像,实际并不是。如大纲样题(年真题第5篇)的首句“Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as ”steering the economy to a soft landing“ or ”a touch on the brakes“, makes it sound like a precise science.”下划线的'字面意思直译“使之听上去好像一门精确的科学”,作者实际表达的意思货币政策并不是一门精确的科学。

虚拟语气:虚拟以所谓的反事实假设,即作者是既表达的意思和字面意思相反。如年第五篇的末句“And so it does - and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.”本句话字面意思直译是“如果理性成为创世论和进化论这场争议的惟一评判标准,那么一切都会变得好了”,作者实际表达的意思就是理性既不是惟一评判标准,而今天情况也并不好。

让步论述:让步论述就是先假设作者观点负面成立,从而引发出一系列荒谬的、不合理的结局,倒过来再次论证作者自身观点的正确性。因为有假设能成立的过程,事实上并不能成立,因此字面意思和实际意思依然是相反的。如大纲样题(1997年第5篇)首段“Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel.”如果把货币政策比成开汽车的话(前文论证过货币政策不能比喻成开汽车,这里就是假设其观点的负面成立),那么你就是开着一辆前挡风玻璃是黑的,后视镜是碎的,方向盘是坏的车(荒谬的不合理的结局)。倒过来论证货币政策不能比成开汽车。

引号:引号可以起一个反语的作用。如1996年第5篇中“”Scientific“ creationism, which is being pushed by some for ”equal time“ in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science.”引号表征是所谓的科学,作者表达的意思就是创世论并不科学。

反问句:反问也是一种正话反说。如20第2篇首段“That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain?”字面意思“证据不确定,那么科学也不确定了吗?”很明显作者表达的意思是科学是certain的,而不是字面的uncertain.

文化背景:在某些特定的文化背景当中,作者实际表达意思和字面意思相反。如20第5篇第一段“ A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming ”I wanted to spend more time with my family“。”作者在这里只是借自身来反讽某些政府部长,即作者并不是政府部长,也不是想和家人共度美好时光。

B) 深层次的含义:不能仅停留在字面意思理

C) 文章段落主旨

D) 全文末句

E) 文中带有解释性、结论性的句子

F) 强对比结构

G) 分类列举结构

3. 与原文意思最接近,推理步骤最少的那一个作为正确选项

4. 傻子原则:不要利用自己任何背景知识来做推理题。有背景知识只能帮助你读懂读文章,不会帮助你做对题目。因为即使一个选项符合常识,它也可能是一个文中未提及的信息,是错误答案。

真题示例――

20第二篇:

Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.

It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K. Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush's predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi)。 The world's three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world's five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht)。

Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.

The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.

47、What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?

[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.

[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman.

[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies' names.

[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize. (文章主题为正确答案)

48、The 4th paragraph suggests that

[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students.

[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape form class.

[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students. (should为正话反说,改选项实际表达的意义就是老师没有关注所有的孩子)

[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight.

50、Whic

篇3:阅读理解推理判断题解题技巧

阅读理解推理判断题解题技巧

《考试说明》关于阅读能力的考查不但要求学生要理解具体事实细节,也要理解抽象的含义;既要理解字面意思,又要理解其深层含义,包括作者的态度、观点、意图等;既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系,又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系进行判断和推理。NMET中,推理判断题的考查每年都占阅读理解试题的一半左右。推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题,很多考生对此类题型的解答感到很吃力,没有把握。下面笔者结合近年高考试题,谈谈推理判断题的解题技巧,希望对大家复习备考有所帮助。

一、推理题常见的提问形式

常以infer,imply,suggest,conclude,learn,intend,mean,describe,purpose等词提问。或提问中含有表示推测的情态动词,如can,could,might,would等和其他表示可能性的动词,如probably,most likely等。

二、推理题的.解题思路

如何做好推理判断题?笔者以为,考生做题时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容,在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁,透过字里行间,去体会作者的“弦外之音”。

首先,要求考生在阅读时,要抓住文章的主题和细节,分析文章结构,根据上下文内在联系,挖掘文章的深层含义。在进行推理时,考生一定要仔细阅读短文,千万不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法,主观臆断。

其次,对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析,进一步增强理解能力,抓住材料实质性的东西。

再次,在解答推理性问题时,应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断,还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。

针对细节的推断可运用scanning方法,迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围,然后再进行推理判断。

针对主题思想作推断时,其解题的主要依据是文章的主题思想,然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系,区分观点与例证(opinion and fact)、原因与结果(cause and effect)、主观点与次观点(main idea and supporting idea)。

三、推理题的解题方法

1. 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理

做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息,即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断,利用逆向思维或正面推理,从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。

例 安徽春季D篇

69. The text suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you _____.

A. suffer from poor health

B. feel tired and nervous

C. dream more often

D. breathe quickly

解析 解题时抓住第一段After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good h

[1] [2] [3] [4]

篇4:考研英语 阅读理解如何复习

考研英语 阅读理解如何复习

阅读理解题目来源?

答:阅读理解是考研的重头戏,所占分值最大,甚至有 “得阅读者得天下”一说。对于阅读的复习建议:(1)以真题为纲。用精读的、剖析的角度来复习真题中的阅读文章。精读的标准:一是把文章中涉及到的每个单词用本子抄下来,翻译;二是挑选出自己认为比较难的句子亲自翻译和透彻分析,背诵句子;三是把文章后面每一道题都要进行回炉,进行透彻分析,把每一个选项为什么对、为什么错分析清楚。如果用在阅读上是100%的精力,那么用在精读应该为70%的精力。(2)同时也要进行一些泛读。泛读最好的素材是国外报刊杂志,比如Economist(经济学家)、Newsweek(新闻周刊)、Time(时代周刊)等,因为历年真题阅读文章绝大部分取材于此。另外新概念是一套不错的英语泛读材料。

应该如何做阅读,遵循什么样的步骤?

答:(1)、扫描题干、划出关键词。拿到阅读的第一步是先看题干,这样可以建立目标感,对文章主要内容和脉络有个大致了解。

(2)、通读全文、抓住中心。通读时要把握两个重点,一是文章首段;二是其余各段的转折和首尾句。另外通读时要思考三个问题:文章叙述的`主要内容、文章有无提到核心概念、作者大致态度。

(3)、仔细审题,返回原文:关键词定位法,由题干出发,寻找关键信息。

(4)、重叠选项,得出答案:遇到难的文章可采用看一题读一段的解题方式。

阅读分为几种题型?

答:阅读分为三大类九大题型:第一类是:细节题、词汇题、句子理解题和指代题,这类题型主要考察文章的细节;第二类:判断题和推理题,这类题归结到文章的段落,句子与句子的关系;第三类:例证题、主旨题和态度题,这是考察文章宏观和整体内容。每种题型的技巧与方法,自己去总结一下,别人说的终究是别人的,不是你自己的哦。

篇5:考研英语阅读理解复习策略

考研英语阅读理解复习策略

《大纲》规定,阅读理解主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义,进行有关的判断、推理和引申,根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。要求考生根据所提供的4篇(总长度约为1600词)文章的内容,从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。

那么,根据大纲规定,考生必须能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料,具体要求为理解主旨要义,理解文中具体信息,理解文中概念性含义,进行有关的判断、推理和引申,根据上下文推测生词的含义,理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系,理解作者的意图、观点或态度。在这样考查难度之大,要求之高的情况下,考生应采取怎样的策略呢?

第一,考生应该学会浏览全文。英文的文章与中文略有不同,这是由中西方思维方式不同而决定的。英文总喜欢采取总分结构,即作者倾向于将比较重要的信息放在文章首段、段落首句等。基于这一规律,考生要学会浏览。在考试中有两种不同用处的浏览方式。一是在解题前略读全文。在略读时,不需要详尽的理解,知识了解基本内容、作者的立场、文章的篇章结构,可以跳过细节或例子。另一种浏览方式相当于检索性的阅读,用于阶梯式寻找需要的特定信息,如主题句、有关细节、难句等。在考试过程中,要想缩短解题时间,就应该根据需要对阅读速度进行适当调节,该快时则快,该慢时则慢。浏览时要求尽快掌握全文大意,速度就要快些。检索信息、寻找答案时,速度也要快;找到有关句子或段落,需要仔细研究理解时就要适当放慢速度。

第二,学会调节阅读速度。为了确保在所给时间内达到最佳的理解准确度,学会在浏览中选择重要信息显得格外重要。选择信息的要点在于“准确”。应注意以下几点

(1)注意出现频率最高的词或短语。

(2)善于判断文章各段的主题句。一般出现在段落开头或结尾最常见。

(3)浏览中善于总结全文的主题。第三,掌握常见行文方式,了解作者意图,预测内容。在正式做题之前,做到文章结构,大概主旨在心中有数,这就能帮助各位考生很好的解决题目,不偏离文章中心主旨。

考生在复习过程中,只有掌握了正确方法,勤于练习,多读多练,才能在考试中争取更多的时间以及更好的准确度。

[考研英语阅读理解复习策略]

篇6:考研英语阅读理解复习注意事项

2013考研英语阅读理解复习注意事项

注意强化词汇及语法基础

考研英语是在语言实力上的比拼。词汇和语法上如果漏洞百出必然影响考试得分,而一分之差往往又使成千上万的考生名落孙山。因此,复习中词汇和语法要进行专门的强化和突破。大纲要求了5500个考研基本词汇,考生要把它们看作基本常识熟背熟记。除了考试大纲外,所选择的考研词汇书最好有单词的搭配和例句,在记单词的同时把词组和用法同时掌握。应特别注意单词的最后两三种含义,这很有可能成为阅读中的最大障碍。记单词的过程最好分三个阶段:①快速强化阶段:粗略把握单词拼写、读音及大意。②深入了解阶段:第二遍要严格掌握单词的多重语义及在例句中的用法。③巩固提高阶段:在六级考试的难词辨析和考研历年真题的阅读完形题目中重复词汇、巩固记忆,通过上下文的提示对词汇进行适当推理,加强

对单词意义和用法的`掌握

关于语法,很多考生都不太注重语法。建议大家可以寻找一本最薄、最简单的语法指导材料,用两周的时间系统精读一遍。不要放过例句,要把语法现象和例句充分结合在一起加以阅读领会。考研英语语法的重点不是虚拟语气,而是复合句中的从句知识。阅读、完形、翻译中都会出现较多的长难句需要考生分析解剖。语法中的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句(9类)以及各种插入语经常使得句子纷繁复杂。因此,在大量接触真题前有必要对语法知识进行透彻的复习,掌握了这些语法工具,就可以在复杂的真题语言中解剖拆分,处理好每一个长难句。

阅读复习以历年真题为核心,反复研习

阅读决定着英语考试的成败,也是复习中的关键。最好的复习材料就是历年的全真考题,这些题目最能反映大纲要求和命题思路。反复研习历年真题,就能发现文章涉及到大量社科尤其是经济类文章。对于每篇文章的主题思想、篇章结构要有所把握;对于主旨题、态度题、细节题要能进行清楚透彻的分析。除了把解题思路推理清楚外,复习中要提高要求,最好能试着把文章进行口头或书面翻译。这样,既加深了对语言和信息的准确把握,又能扩展语法、词汇知识,提高翻译能力。这个工作艰难而漫长,但确实能给阅读实力带来飞跃。当把阅读篇章已经复习得滚瓜烂熟时,适当读一些与考研难度相当的西文报刊,如“Time”,“Business Week”和“Fortune”,进一步拓展词汇和知识面。阅读中所谓的3%超纲词也就不那么可怕了。

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考研英语复习阅读理解推理判断题考点
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