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篇1:考研英语真题解析
考研英语真题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text。 Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET。 (10 points)
People have speculated for centuries about a future without work 。Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers。 Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 。 A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland。
A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazy and depressed。 6 , today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time。 One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans。 Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs。 Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future。
But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease。 Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment。 In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure。 Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown。 “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway。
These days, because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs。 “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel 18 ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters。
1。[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring
2。[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty
3。[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction
4。[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured
5。[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom
6。[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless
7。[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated
8。[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute
9。[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among
10。[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside
11。[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically
12。[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles
13。[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course
14。[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield
15。[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship
16。[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce
17。[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats
18。[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved
19。[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into
20。[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal
Section II Reading Comprehension
Text 2
With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use。 “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement。 It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine。 ”
Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise。 She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children。 During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family。 Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention。
Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children。 Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s。 In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention。 “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky。
On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them。” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child。 Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way。 This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time。
According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______。
[A] simplify routine matters
[B] absorb user attention
[C] better interpersonal relations
[D] increase work efficiency
Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______。
[A] takes away babies’ appetite
[B] distracts children’s attention
[C] slows down babies’ verbal development
[D] reduces mother-child communication
Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______。
[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions
[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange
[C] children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood
[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs
The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______。
[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies
[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year
[C] ensure constant interaction with their children
[D] remain concerned about kid’s use of screens
According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______。
[A] give their parents some free time
[B] make their parents more creative
[C] help them with their homework
[D] help them become more attentive
Text 3
Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year。 After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic。
But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years。 There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career。 But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact, it probably enhances it。
Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not。 Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most。 Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders。
If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices。 According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once。 This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes。 It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game。 At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department。 Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on。
One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that 。
[A] they think it academically misleading
[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college
[C] it feels strange to do differently from others
[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses
Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps 。
[A] keep students from being unrealistic
[B] lower risks in choosing careers
[C] ease freshmen’s financial burdens
[D] relieve freshmen of pressures
The word “acclimation” (Line 8, Para。 3) is closest in meaning to 。
[A] adaptation
[B] application
[C] motivation
[D] competition
A gap year may save money for students by helping them 。
[A] avoid academic failures
[B] establish long-term goals
[C] switch to another college
[D] decide on the right major
The most suitable title for this text would be 。
[A] In Favor of the Gap Year
[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year
[C] The Gap Year Comes Back
[D] The Gap Year: A Dilemma
Text 4
Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management。
In , the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago。 In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency’s other work—such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans。
Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts。 As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?
“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says。” We need to take a magnifying glass to that。 Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?” “Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”
Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say。
For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive。 Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change—how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires。
While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation。
“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways,” he says。 Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be。 Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited。”
At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado。 But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says。
“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says。 “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today。”
More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they 。
[A] exhausted unprecedented management efforts
[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget
[C] severely damaged the ecology of western states
[D] caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure
Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” to 。
[A] raise more funds for fire-prone areas
[B] avoid the redirection of federal money
[C] find wildfire-free parts of the landscape
[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds
While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that 。
[A] public debates have not settled yet
[B] fire-fighting conditions are improving
[C] other factors should not be overlooked
[D] a shift in the view of fire has taken place
The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to 。
[A] discover the fundamental makeup of nature
[B] explore the mechanism of the human systems
[C] maximize the role of landscape in human life
[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature
Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should 。
[A] do away with
[B] come to terms with
[C] pay a price for
[D] keep away from
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column。 There are two extra choices in the right column。 Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET。 (10 points)
The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump。 “We don’t make anything anymore,” he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line。
Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing。
But there is also a different way to look at the data。
Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few。 Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years。 Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay。
For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages。 “They’re harder to find and they have job offers,” says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, “They may be coming [into the workforce], but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing,” Mr。 Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture。
At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year。 Mr。 Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years。
At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors。 It’s his first week on the job。 Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering。 “I love working with tools。 I love creating。” he says。
But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory。 Millennials “remember their father and mother both were laid off。 They blame it on the manufacturing recession,” says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan。
These concerns aren’t misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 。 When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades。 Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels。
“The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill,” says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College。 “There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t need to have much skill。 It’s that gap in between, and that’s where the problem is。 ”
Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance。 While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility。 “Overtime is not attractive to this generation。 They really want to live their lives,” she says。
[A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools。
41。 Jay Deuwell
[B] points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill。
42。 Jason Stenquist
[C] points out that the US doesn’t manufacture anything anymore。
43。 Birgit Klohs
[D] believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers。
44。 Rob Spohr
[E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition。
45.Julie Parks
[F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing。
[G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off the young people’s parents。
范文如下:
The statistics about museums and their visitors are precisely illustrated by the line chart. During the 3 years from 2013 to 2015, the figure of museums experienced a gradual rise, and soaring from 4.145 thousand to 4.692 thousand. Besides, following the same tendency, the number of museum visitors, as is shown, ascended gradually from 6.378 billion to 7.811 billion, increasing by about 1.43 billion.
The following factors, from my perspective, are responsible for the statistics. To begin with, aside from disseminating knowledge in schools, department concerned adopts other ways to promote the comprehensive quality of Chinese citizens, for instance providing more access to museums is a simple yet effective way to broaden visitors’ horizon. In addition, having been experiencing the unparalleled material prosperity, most of Chinese citizens intend to pursue knowledge by visiting museums, tourist attractions and other places. Moreover, museums, which are supported by public funding, provide visitors with knowledge and professional service. Individuals, therefore, are inclined to enjoy their leisure time by visiting museums.
To summarize, the data shown by the chart objectively reflect what’s happening in our society. Museums undoubtedly exert indispensible effects on our society and Chinese citizens, and it is predictable that, in the next decade, both large cities and small towns will witness the popularization of museums.
作文考察的是一封邀请信的回函,要求写作内容包括:
1、接受教授邀请给留学生做有关中国文化的presentation(介绍/演示)。
2、提供介绍内容的关键信息。
篇2:考研英语一真题答案及解析
Dear Professor,
I am writing this letter to recommend you some famous attractions of this city. I have lived here since 1990 and have been familiar with every corner of our city.
Firstly, considering that you are the fresh visitor to our city, so it is advisable for you to have a look upon the City’s Museum, which is beneficial for quickly learning the comprehensive perspective, such as the development of this city, and its specific culture. What’s more, another tourist site deserving your attention is our special and sophisticated buildings in the center of the city, since these buildings are telling residents the gradual changing habits and lifestyles, which are helpful to assimilate yourself into this city.
I do hope that you would find these tourist attractions worthy of you visit and appreciation.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
【试题点评】具体相关知识点和解题思路在考研教育网基础阶段英语基础班的作文部分有重点讲解。
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay , you should
1)describe the pictures briefly,
2)interpret the meaning , and
3)give your comments.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.( 20 points )
【参考范文】
Here are two pictures, both interesting but with sharply contrasted implication. As is vividly depicted in the first photo, a man sitting in sofa looking at his bookshelves and satisfied with the quantity, which successfully arouses our curiosity. On the contrary, the second picture describes that another teenager set his aim at complete 20 pieces books reading, finally completing the contrast is supposed to be given further analysis.
With the increasing pace of modern life, perhaps no change has characterized the past decade more dramatically than wide spread of reading. Naturally, it brings us both advantages and disadvantages. As for my part, the latter outweighs its former. On the top of list is that people became flippancy without reading. In addition, there is the other point that no one can ignore. It is universally admitted that a nation will recede with reading. No other case can better illustrate the consequences of what I have discussed than the picture above.
According to the analysis above, it is advisable for us to take steps to maximize its positive effects and minimize the disadvantage. Of all the steps, mass media tends to function essentially in the job. Only in this way can we make the best of the value of reading an embrace a bright future.
篇3:考研英语(一)完整真题及答案解析
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” ___1__ helping you feel close and __2___to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a ___3__ of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you __4___ getting sick this winter.
In a recent study ___5__ over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs ___6__ the participants' susceptibility(敏感性) to developing the common cold after being ___7__ to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come ___8__ with a cold, and the researchers __9___ that the stress-reducing effects of hugging ___10__ about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. ___11__ among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe __12___.
“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the ___13__ risk for colds that's usually __14___ with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps __15___ the feeling that others are there to help ___16__difficulty.”
Some experts ___17__ the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin(后叶催产素), often called“the bonding hormone” __18___ it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it___19__ in the brain, where it __20___ mood, behavior and physiology.
1.
[A]Besides
[B]Unlike
[C]Throughout
[D]Despite
介词辨析。从前后文意思来看,此处为递进关系,前后都表示拥抱的益处,Besides符合题意。因此答案为A项。
2.
[A]equal
[B]restricted
[C]connected
[D]inferior
考查词汇意思和并列关系。此处的词汇应该与close意思相近。拥抱使人与人亲近,当然也让人联系紧密。Connected有联系的,符合题意。因此答案为C项。
3.
[A]view
[B]host
[C]lesson
[D]choice
固定搭配。a host of 意为许多。拥抱能带来很多健康好处。符合题意。因此答案为B选项。
4.
[A]avoid
[B]forget
[C]recall
[D]keep
根据句子意思,拥抱能让人避免冬天生病。其他几个词汇均不符合题意。因此答案为A选项。
5.
[A]collecting
[B]affecting
[C]guiding
[D]involving
动词辨析。该句的意思是这项研究包含了400名健康的成年人。D选项involve具有包含的意思。collect意为收集,affect意为影响,guide意为指导,均不符合题意。因此答案为D选项。
6.
[A]on
[B]in
[C]at
[D]of
固定搭配。去掉修饰成分,可以看到句子主干为researchers examined the effects of hugs__the participants' susceptibility.对参与者敏感性的影响。effect on sth.对…的影响。因此答案为A选项。
7.
[A]devoted
[B]attracted
[C]lost
[D]exposed
动词辨析。be exposed to 遭受;暴露于,be devoted to 致力于,be attracted to 被吸引,be lost to 不再属于…;无动于衷。be exposed to 符合题意。因此答案为D选项。
8.
[A]along
[B]across
[C]down
[D]out
固定搭配。Come down with 生病 come along with 随同,一起 come across with 偿付 come out with 发布,展出。只有come down with a cold感冒,符合题意。因此答案为C选项。
9.
[A]imagined
[B]denied
[C]doubted
[D]calculated
考查动词。根据后文32%这一数据可以推测出此处的动词意为计算calculate。imagine想象,deny否认,doubt怀疑都不符合原文意思。因此答案为D选项。
10.
[A]served
[B]restored
[C]explained
[D]required
结合第九题,此处计算到这种影响解释说明了这个32%的比例,其他数据都不能起到解释的意思。serve服务;resore恢复,储存;require要求。因此答案为C选项。
11.
[A]Thus
[B]Still
[C]Rather
[D]Even
考查逻辑关系词。后面的内容是对前一句话程度的进一步加深,even甚至,即使。符合语义。因此答案为D选项。
12.
[A]defeats
[B]symptoms
[C]errors
[D]tests
考查词义。即使是感冒的人,如果有强大的社会支持,经常和别人拥抱,就很少有感冒的症状。symptom症状,征兆符合题意。因此答案为B选项。
13.
[A]highlighted
[B]increased
[C]controlled
[D]minimized
上下文语义及词义辨析。拥抱能够保护处于压力之下的人们免受增加的感冒风险的威胁。因此答案为B选项。
14.
[A]presented
[B]equipped
[C]associated
[D]compared
考查固定搭配。根据上下文,原文中说“感冒是和压力相联系的”,be associated with.
“和...有关”be presented with 和…一起出席,be equipped with 装备,be compared with比较。C选项associated with 符合题意。因此答案为C选项。
15.
[A]assess
[B]generate
[C]moderate
[D]record
考查动词。拥抱能够帮助人们产生一种感觉,此处应填generate。因此答案为B选项。
16.
[A]in the name of
[B] in the form of
[C] in the face of
[D] in the way of
固定搭配。根据句子意思,拥抱能让人产生一种面对危险的时候,别人会来帮你的感觉。in the face of 面对,in the name of 以…的名义,in the way of 在…方面。In the face of 符合题意。因此答案为C。
17.
[A]attribute
[B]commit
[C]transfer
[D]return
固定搭配。句子主干为some experts ___ the benefits to … attribute to 归因于,commit to 承诺,承担责任,transfer to 转到,return to回到。因此答案为A选项。
18.
[A]unless
[B]because
[C]though
[D]until
考查逻辑关系词。根据上下文可以看出,后面的一句话是对前面的话进行的解释,表示原因。所以选because.因此答案为B选项。
19.
[A]remains
[B]emerges
[C]vanishes
[D]decreases
考查动词词义。根据前后文意思,一部分后叶催产素已经释放到血液中,那么另一些保留在大脑中发挥作用。remain保存,保留,emerge出现,vanish消失,decrease减少。因此答案为A选项。
20.
[A]experiences
[B]combines
[C]justifies
[D]influences
考查上下文理解。后叶催产素影响着人们的心情、行为以及生理机能。因此答案为D选项。
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
First two hours, now three hours ― this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.
Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.
Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons ― both fake and real ― past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become ― but the lines are obvious.
Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.
There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.
It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.
The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.
21. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to____
[A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.
[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.
[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.
[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection.
解析:A
篇4:英语真题答案解析
英语真题答案解析
有这样一道题:Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _________ a good college.
A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. entered
【分析】容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的.情态动词 could 就断定此处应填动词原形 enter。其实,此题正确答案应是B。此句为省略句,即在 could 后省略了动词 do,若把句子补完整应为Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短语(to enter a good college)是用作目的状语的,而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句:(could)
(1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他们尽量安慰她。
(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命。
(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命学习以便赶上他的同学。值得指出的是,这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不定式。请看以下试题:
(4) He ran as fast as he could _________ to catch the early bus.
A. to hope B. hope C. hoping D. hoped此题的答案是 C不是A,其中的现在分词短语 hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴随状语。
(5) He spent every minute he could _________ spoken English.
A. practise B. to practise C. practising D. practised
此题答案选 C,这SPAN lang=E与前面动词 spent 的搭配有关,即 spend … (in) doing sth。若将此句补充完整,即为 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.
(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could __________ his oral English.
A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving
此题答案选D,注意两点:一是 devote … to … 是固定搭配,意为“把……贡献给……”;二是其中的 to 是介词,不是不定式符号,后接动词时要用动名词。
篇5:考研政治真题及答案解析
一、单项选择题:1~16小题,每小题1分,共16分。下列每题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
1.马克思、恩格斯始终站在革命斗争的最前沿,他们的一生是为推翻旧世界,建立新世界而不息战斗的一生。马克思恩格斯领导创建的世界上第一个无产阶级政党是( )
A.国际工人协会 B.正义者联盟 C.共产主义者同盟 D.社会主义工人国际
【答案】C
【解析】本题属于识记类知识点。马克思、恩格斯于1847年创建的共产主义者同盟,是世界上第一个无产阶级政党。故本题的正确答案是C。
2.“橘生淮南则为橘,生为淮北则为枳,叶徒相似,其实味不同。所以然者何?水土异也。”橘逾淮为枳说明了( )
A.事物的发展变化以时间地点和条件为转移
B.事物的普遍联系是通过中介来实现的
C.任何实体事物都是普遍联系之网上的一个网结
D.事物的变化和发展是一个过程
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查的是发展的知识点。题干说橘逾淮为枳发生这个变化的原因是水土发生了变化。故本题的正确答案是A。
3.马克思指出,判断一个变革时代不能以该时代的意识为依据,相反,这个意识必须从物质生活的矛盾中去解释。这里的“物质生活的矛盾”从根本上说是( )
A.社会生产力和生产关系的现存冲突 B经济基础与上层建筑的现存冲突
C.人类社会与自然界的现存冲突 D.社会存在与社会意识的现存冲突
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查的是唯物史观相关知识点。题干说物质生活的矛盾即排除B,D。物质生活的矛盾即社会生产力和生产关系的矛盾。马克思在《政治经济学批判序》 的原话为“物质生活的生产方式制约着整个社会生活、政治生活和精神生活的过程……这个意识必须从物质生活的矛盾中,从社会生产力和生产关系之间的现存冲突中去解释。”故本题的正确答案是A。
4.在以私有制经济为基础的商品经济中,商品生产者的私人劳动生产的产品是否与社会的需求相适应,作为具体劳动的有用性质能否为社会所承认,商品的使用价值和价值之间的矛盾是否能得到解决,决定着商品生产者的命运。以私有制为基础的商品经济的基本矛盾是( )
A.使用价值和价值之间的矛盾 B.私人劳动和社会劳动之间的矛盾 C.具体劳动和抽象劳动的矛盾 D.脑力劳动和体力劳动的矛盾
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查的是以私有制为基础的商品经济的基本矛盾知识点。在以私有制为基础的商品经济中,商品生产者的劳动具有二重性,既是具有社会性质的社会劳动,又是具有私人性质的私人劳动。故本题的正确答案是B。
5.毛泽东思想是对马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表“重要思想,科学发展观的继承和发展,是马克思主义中国化最新成果,是党和人民实践经验和集体智慧的结晶,是中国特色社主义理论体系的重要组成部分,是全党全国人民为实现中华民族伟大复兴而奋斗的行动指南。这一思想的核心要义是( )
A.坚持和发展中国特色社会主义 B.实现社会主义现代化
C.推进马克思主义中国化时代化大众化 D.坚持以经济建设为中心
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查的知识点是毛泽东思想的核心要义。坚持和发展中国特色社会主义,是改革开放以来我们党全部理论和实践的鲜明主题,也是毛泽东思想的核心要义。故A项正确。B项是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义总任务的内容,故排除。C项是干扰项,故排除。D项是党在初级阶段基本路线的内容。所以,本题的正确答案是A项。
6.党的十八大以来,为更好的适应我国国家安全面临的新形势新任务实现国家长治久安,我们党明确提出了总体国家安全观。总体国家安全观的宗旨是( )
A.政治安全 B.经济安全
C.人民安全 D.军事、文化、社会安全
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查的知识点是总体国家安全观。总体国家安全观是指坚持国家利益至上,以人民安全为宗旨,以政治安全为根本,以经济安全为基础,以军事、文化、社会安全为保障,以促进国际安全为依托,维护各领域国家安全,构建国家安全体系,走中国特色国家安全道路。A项政治安全是根本,故排除。B项经济安全是基础,故排除。D项军事、文化、社会安全是保障,故排除。因此,本题的正确答案是C项。
7.高度重视和不断加强党的自身建设,是中国共产党从小到大、由弱变强,从挫折中奋起,在战胜困难中不断成熟的一大法宝,也是党领导的伟大事业不断取得胜利的根本保证。中国特色社会主义进入新时代,党的建设的根本方针是( )
A.全面加强党的执政本领
B.坚持党要管党、全面从严治党
C.坚持解放思想、改革创新
D.全面推进党的政治建设
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查的知识点是新时代党的建设的根本方针。“坚持党要管党、全面从严治党”是新时代党的建设的根本方针。“全面”是基础。“严”是关键。“治”是要害。因此,本题的正确答案是B项。
8.党的十九大提出实施乡村振兴战略,是以-同志为核心的党中央着眼党和国家事业全局,深刻把握现代化建设规律和城乡关系变化特征,顺应亿万农民对美好生活的向往,对“三农”工作作出的重大决策部署,是新时代做好“三农”工作的总抓手。实施乡村振兴战略的根本目的是( )
A.确保国家粮食安全 B.建立新型土地承包关系
C.转移农村剩余劳动力 D.推进农业农村现代化
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查的知识点是乡村振兴战略的根本目的。--在党的十九大报告中指出:“要坚持农业农村优先发展,按照产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕的总要求,建立健全城乡融合发展体制机制和政策体系,加快推进农业农村现代化。”这段话是对乡村振兴战略的内涵高度概括。其中,“加快推进农业农村现代化”是实施乡村振兴战略的目标,“坚持农业农村优先发展”是实施乡村振兴战略的指导思想,“产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕”是实施乡村振兴战略的总要求,或者总的工作思路,“建立健全城乡融合发展体制机制和政策体系”是讲从体制机制创新方面如何确保乡村振兴战略的实施。因此,本题的正确答案是D项。
9.由于民族危机越来越严重,在维新派的推动和策划下,186月11日,光绪皇帝颁布了“明定国是”谕旨,宣布开始变法,并在此后的103天中,接连发布了一系列推行新政的政令,史称“戊戌变法”,又称“百日维新”。戊戌维新是一场资产阶级性质的改良运动,这是因为变法的政令( )
A.触及了封建制度的根本
B.采纳了维新派提出的开国会等政治主张
C.一定程度上反映了资产阶级的政治和经济诉求
D.带有彻底性和不妥协性
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查的知识点是戊戌维新运动。“百日维新”期间颁布的各项政令大多是接受了维新派的建议而制定的,旨在开放一定程度的言论、出版、结社自由,使资产阶级享受一定程度的政治权利,促进资本主义工商业的发展,因此,戊戌维新是一场资产阶级性质的改良运动。因此,本题的正确答案是C项。
10.中国共产党成立后,积极发动工农群众开展革命斗争,中国共产党第一次独立领导并取得完全胜利的工人斗争是( )
A.安源路矿工人罢工 B.香港海员罢工
C.京汉铁路工人罢工 D.开滦五矿工人罢工
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查的知识点是中国共产党领导的工人斗争。11月23日,--在纪念刘少奇同志诞辰120周年座谈会上的讲话中讲到,从中国共产党成立初期到土地革命战争时期,刘少奇同志在工人运动和党在白区工作等方面作出杰出贡献。1922年春天,刘少奇同志根据党的指示回国,参与领导闻名全国的安源路矿工人大罢工,这是中国共产党第一次独立领导并取得完全胜利的工人斗争,提高了党组织在工人群众中的威信。他组织领导的安源路矿工人俱乐部和汉冶萍总工会是当时全国最大的产业工会组织,成为激励全国工人运动的一面旗帜,刘少奇同志也因此成为我国著名工人运动领袖和主要领导人之一。因此,本题的正确答案是A项。
11.1936年12月12日,张学良、杨虎城发动“兵谏”,扣留了蒋介石。这就是震撼中外的西安事变。事变发生后,中共中央确定了促成事变和平解决的方针,其原因是中国共产党 ( )
A.为了团结国民党共同抗日
B.不赞成张学良、杨虎城的主张
C.工作重心转向城市斗争
D.接受了共产国际的指示
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查的知识点是西安事变及其和平解决。中国共产党从民族大义岀发,为了团结国民党共同抗日,确定促成事变和平解决的基本方针,派周恩来等到西安,并参加张、杨同南京方面代表宋美龄、宋子文的和平谈判。蒋介石被迫作出了停止“剿共”、联合红军抗日等六项承诺。西安事变的和平解决成为时局转换的枢纽,十年内战的局面由此结束,国内和平基本实现。因此,本题的正确答案是A项。
12.1945年8月29日,重庆《大公报》就-赴重庆谈判发表了《-先生来了!》的社评,其中写道:“-先生来了,中国人听了高兴,世界人听了高兴,无疑问的大家都认为这是中国的的一件大喜事。”-赴重庆谈判的目的是( )
A.结束国共内战 B.商讨联合抗日
C.寻求外国援助 D.争取和平民主
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查的知识点是重庆谈判。1945年8月14日、20日、23日,蒋介石三次电邀-到重庆共商“国际国内各种重要问题”。为了争取和平民主,-不顾个人安危,于8月28日偕周恩来、王若飞赴重庆与国民党当局进行谈判。10月10日,双方签署《政府与中共代表会谈纪要》,即“双十协定”,确认和平建国的基本方针,同意“长期合作,坚决避免内战”。因此,本题的正确答案是D项。
13.209月10日,全国教育大会在北京召开。-在讲话中指出,培养什么人是教育的首要问题,我国是中国共产党领导的社会主义国家,这就决定了我们的教育必须( )
A.把推进教育现代化作为根本任务
B.把建设教育强国作为根本任务
C.把全面深化教育体制改革作为根本任务
D.把培养社会主义建设者和接班人作为根本任务
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查的知识点:社会主义国家教育的根本任务。--今年9月10日在全国教育大会上的讲话中提出了关于教育的“首要问题”和我国教育的“根本任务”的重要论断。他指出:培养什么人,是教育的首要问题。我国是中国共产党领导的社会主义国家,这就决定了我们的教育必须把培养社会主义建设者和接班人作为根本任务,培养一代又一代拥护中国共产党领导和我国社会主义制度、立志为中国特色社会主义奋斗的有用人才。这是教育工作的根本任务,也是教育现代化的方向目标。故本题的正确答案是D。
14.马克思说:“人只有为同时代人的完美、为他们的幸福而工作,自己才能达到完美。如果一个人只为自己劳动,他也许能够成为著名的学者、伟大的哲人、卓越的诗人,然而他永远不能成为完美的、真正伟大的人物。”这表明( )
A.实现自我价值是创造社会价值的原因
B.人生价值是自我价值和社会价值的统一
C.人生社会价值可以代替自我价值
D.个人价值的实现取決于他人的认可
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查的知识点:人生价值是自我价值和社会价值的统一。自我价值和社会价值是人生价值的两个基本内容,自我价值是个体对自我物质和精神的满足程度,社会价值是个体对社会和他人所作出的贡献,自我价值和社会价值是辩证统一的,二者相互联系、相互区别、相互制约,一方面,自我价值是个体生存发展的必要条件,是个体为社会创造更大价值的前提和基础,另一方面,社会价值是社会存在和发展的重要条件,是个人价值实现的保障,没有社会价值,就没有自我价值,故本题的正确答案是B。
15.年9月,中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室发布了《关于中美经贸摩擦的事实与中方立场》白皮书。白皮书指出,中美两国经济发展阶段、经济制度不同,存在经贸摩擦是正常的,关键是( )
A.如何增进互信、促进合作、管控分歧
B.如何增加出口、降低关税、管控分歧
C.如何増加进口、消除逆差、管控分歧
D.如何加强合作、加征关税、管控分岐
【答案】A
【解析】根据《关于中美经贸摩擦的事实与中方立场》白皮书原文,“中美两国经济发展阶段,经济制度不同,存在经贸摩擦是正常的,关键是如何增进互信,促进合作、管控分歧。”故,本题答案为A。
16.2018年4月27日,朝鲜国务委员会委员长金正恩与韩国总统文在寅在板门店韩方一侧的“和平之家”举行会晤。本次两国首脑会晤最重要的成果是共同签署并发表了( )
A.《北南共同宣言》
B.《北南关系发展与和平繁荣宣言》
C.《(板门店宣言)军事领域履行协议》
D.《为促进朝鲜半岛和平、繁荣、统一的板门店宣言》
【答案】D
【解析】根据题干以及事实内容,答案为D选项。
二、多项选择题:17~33题,每小题2分,共34分。下列每题给出的四个选项中,至少有两个选项是符合题目要求的。请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。多选或少选均不得分。
17.虚拟现实技术是一种运用计算机仿真系统创建多源信息融合的交互式三维动态实景以及动作仿真的技术,可以给使用者提供沉浸性、多感知性、交互性的互动体验,虚拟现实技术所构造的虚拟环境说明( )
A.物质世界不再具有客观实在性
B.物质世界的存在形式具有多样性
C.信息是独立于物质和意识的第三种存在状态
D.人们可以通过实践创造出自然界原本不存在的现实状态
【解析】本题考查的知识点是物质的相关知识。物理世界也是由物质构成的具有客观实在性,A错误。C项表述错误。故本题的正确答案是BD。
18.基因编辑是应对遗传性疾病的一种潜在治疗办法,但其技术运用极具争议,这不仅是因为基因的变化会传给后代并最终有可能影响整个基因库,而且更重要的是基因编辑会产生长远而深刻的社会影响,可能衍生出一系列棘手的伦理、法律和安全难题,正因如此,许多国家对人类基因编辑技术制定了相应的伦理、法律规范。人类严格控制基因编辑行为的原因在于( )
A.人的实践活动要遵循真理尺度与价值尺度的统一
B.基因编辑技术可能突破人类的伦理道德底线
C.科学技术有时表现为异己的、敌对的力量
D.人的实践活动是合规律性与合目的性的统一
【答案】ABCD
【解析】实践的真理尺度是指在实践中人们必须遵循正确反映客观事物本质和规律的真理,即合规律性;实践的价值尺度是指在实践中人们都是按照自己的尺度和需要去认识世界和改造世界,即合目的性。任何成功的实践都是真理尺度和价值尺度的统一。基因编辑技术作为基因组编辑工具,给多种疾病治疗提供了新的策略和潜在手段,但其临床应用上还有诸多尚未解决的科学和伦理问题,所以可能突破人类的伦理道德底线。科学技术本来的目的是为人类自身服务,但由于科技在使用过程中受负面价值的影响,使得科技成为异己的力量,反过来统治人类。因此,本题的正确答案是选项ABCD。
19.资本主义的生产目的是追逐利润最大化。为了获得尽可能多的利润,分布在不同部门(行业)的资本家之间必然展开激烈的竞争,而竞争的结果必将导致利润率的平均化。利润率平均化的过程意味着( )
A.某企业工人创造的剩余价值有被其他资本家侵占的可能
B.各部门内不同资本家的等量投资所得到的利润大体上均等
C.各部门资本家在加强对工人阶级的剥削上有着共同的阶级利益
D.不从事直接生产的银行资本家所获得的利润总是低于平均利润
【答案】AC
【解析】平均利润率是不同部门的资本家之间竞争的结果,在利润平均化规律作用下,产业资本家获得产业利润,商业资本获得商业利润,银行资本家获得银行利润,农业资本家获得农业利润。利润平均化规律,反映了在瓜分剩余价值上,资本家之间存在竞争和矛盾,但在加强对工人阶级的剥削以榨取更大量的剩余价值这一点上,资本家之间有着共同的阶级利益。因此,本题的正确答案是选项AC。
20.资本主义必然为社会主义所代替,并不意味着资本主义将在短期内自行消亡。资本主义向社会主义的过渡必然是一个复杂的、长期的历史过程,其原因在于( )
A.任何社会形态的存在都有绝对稳定性
B.资本主义的发展具有不平衡性
C.资本主义社会具有一定的自我调节能力
D.当代资本主义的发展还显示出生产关系对生产力容纳的空间
【答案】BCD
【解析】本题考查的知识点是资本主义为社会主义所代替的历史必然性。任何社会形态的存在都有相对稳定性,A错误。BCD都是资本主义向社会主义过渡复杂性、长期性的过程的原因。故本题的正确答案是BCD。
21.-指出:“当代中国的伟大社会变革,不是简单延续我国历史文化的母版,不是简单套用马克思主义经典作家设想的模板,不是其他国家社会主义实践的再现,不是国外现代化发展的翻版,”这对我们理解科学社会主义一般原则的启示是( )
A.科学社会主义绝不是一成不变的教条
B.科学社会主义与资本主义生产方式没有必然的联系
C.科学社会主义是人类优秀文化传统的历史延续
D.科学社会主义在不同的时代具有不同的内容和形式
【答案】ACD
【解析】本题考查的知识点是科学社会主义的一般原则。无论哪一个社会形态,在它所能容纳的全部生产力发挥出来以前,是绝不会灭亡的;而新的更高的生产关系,在它的物质存在条件在旧社会的胎胞里成熟以前,是绝不会出现的,这说明两者的生产方式是有必然的联系的,B错误。故本题的正确答案是ACD。
22.中国特色社会主义进入新时代,我国社会主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾。但是,我国社会主要矛盾的变化没有改变我们对我国社会主义所处历史阶段的判断,依据是( )
A.我国总体上仍处于不发达阶段
B.我国仍然面临极其复杂的国际环境
C.我国仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家
D.我国社会主要矛盾的变化只是社会主义初级阶段这个历史阶段中的变化
【答案】ACD
【解析】本题考查知识点:社会主要矛盾的变化。我国社会主要矛盾的变化,没有改变我们对我国社会主义所处历史阶段的判断,我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段的基本国情没有变,AD正确。我国是世界最大发展中国家的国际地位没有变,C项正确。B项无关。因此,本题的正确答案是ACD。
23.改革开放40年来,我国民营经济从小到大、从弱到强,不断发展壮大。截至底,我国民营企业数量超过2700万家,个体工商户超过6500万户,注册资本超过165万亿元。概括起来说,民营经济具有“五六七-”的特征,即贡献了50%以上的税收,60%以上的国内生产总值,70%以上的技术创新成果,80%以上的城镇劳动就业,90%以上的企业数量。我国经济发展能够创造中国奇迹,民营经济功不可没。这表明,民营经济已成为( )
A.实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的重要力量
B.推动社会主义市场经济发展的重要力量
C.建设现代化经济体系的重要主体
D.控制国民经济命脉的主导力量
【答案】ABC
【解析】本题考查知识点:--在民营企业座谈会上的讲话。民营经济是社会主义市场经济发展的重要成果,是推动社会主义市场经济发展的重要力量,是推进供给侧结构性改革、推动高质量发展、建设现代化经济体系的重要主体,也是我们党长期执政、团结带领全国人民实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标和中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的重要力量。D项应为公有制经济,故本题正确答案是ABC。
24.国家治理体系是在党领导下管理国家的制度体系,是一整套紧密相连、相互协调的国家制度;国家治理能力则是运用国家制度管理社会各方面事务的能力。二者的关系主要表现为( )
A.国家治理体系和治理能力是相辅相成的有机整体
B.好的国家治理体系可以提高国家治理能力
C.提高国家治理能力可以充分发挥国家治理体系的效能
D.国家治理体系越完备国家治理能力就一定越强
【答案】ABC
【解析】国家治理体系和治理能力是一个相辅相成的有机整体,通过好的国家治理体系提高治理能力,通过提高国家治理能力充分发挥国家治理体系的效能。同时,又不能把国家治理体系和国家治理能力等同起来,不是国家治理体系越完善,国家治理能力越强。故本题的正确答案是ABC。
25.全面准确的的理解和把握“一国”与“两制”的关系,应在坚持“一国”基础上,实现“两制”之间的和谐相处、相互促进。为此,必须做到( )
A.把利用国际有利条件和发挥港澳优势有机结合起来
B.把坚持“一国”原则和尊重“两制”差异有机结合起来
C.把维护中央权力和保障特别行政区高度自治权有机结合起来
D.把发挥祖国内地坚强后盾作用和提高港澳自身竞争力有机结合起来
【答案】BCD
【解析】本题考查的知识点是 “一国两制”。“一国两制”战略构想说的是国内问题,和国际无关,故排除A项。因此,本题的正确答案是BCD项。
26.坚定文化自信,是事关国运兴衰,事关文化安全、事关民族精神独立性的大问题。坚定中国特色社会主义道路自信、理论自信、制度自信,说到底就是要坚定文化自信。讲文化自信,我们有充足的理由和充足的底气,因为中国特色社会主义文化( )
A.源自于博大精深的中华优秀传统文化
B.承继于激昂向上的革命文化
C.熔铸于生机勃勃的社会主义先进文化
D.植根于中国特色社会主义伟大实践
【答案】 ABCD
【解析】本题考查的知识点是建设中国特色社会主义文化。--在十九大报告中讲到,中国特色社会主义文化,源自于中华民族五千多年文明历史所孕育的中华优秀传统文化,熔铸于党领导人民在革命、建设、改革中创造的革命文化和社会主义先进文化,植根于中国特色社会主义伟大实践。因此,本题的正确答案是ABCD项。
27.1927年10月,-率领湘赣边界秋收起义的工农革命军,开始创建以宁冈为中心的井冈山农村革命根据地,走农村包围城市、武装夺取政权的革命新道路。-确定在井冈山建立根据地,是因为这个地区( )
A.有较好的群众基础 B.地势险要且易守难攻
C.易于部队筹款筹粮 D.敌人的统治力量比较薄弱
【答案】ABCD
【解析】1928年10月,-率领湘赣边秋收起义的工农革命军,之所以选择井冈山的原因是有良好的群众基础,地势优势是易攻难守,易于部队筹款筹粮,且敌人力量相对薄弱,因此正确答案是ABCD。
28.1949年10月1日,首都军民30万人齐集北京天安门广场,欢庆中华人民共和国的诞生。中华人民共和国的成立,标志着( )
A.新民主主义革命取得了基本的胜利
B.半殖民地半封建社会的结束
C.中国共产党的地位发生了根本性的变化
D.社会主义基本制度的确立
【答案】ABC
【解析】新中国成立标志着社会主义基本取得胜利,第一大历史任务的完成,半殖民半封建社会基本结束,中国共产党的执政地位发生根本性的变化,因此ABC都是符合题干的,D选项是三大改在完成的重大标志,故排除。
29.我国经济体制的改革首先在农村取得突破性进展。党的十一届三中全会曾指出:“我国农业近二十年来的发展速度不快,它同人民的需要和四个现代化的需要之间存在着极其尖锐的矛盾。”当时我国农业和农村经济发展面临的主要问题有( )
A.农民的温饱问题尚未完全解决 B.农村的土地改革尚未完成
C.人民公社体制亟待改革 D.乡镇企业管理体制亟待改革
【答案】AC
【解析】十一届三中全会后,农业和农村经济发展面临的两大问题是:一亿农民的温饱问题尚未解决,“政社合一”的人民公社体制亟待改革。其中B选项已经完成,D选项还没有涉及这个问题。因此正确答案是AC。
30.2018年3月,十三届全国人民代表大会第一次会议通过宪法修正案,把国家倡导社会主义核心价值观正式写入宪法,进一步凸显了社会主义核心价值观的重大意义。社会主义核心价值观是( )
A.坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的价值遵循
B.提高国家文化软实力的迫切要求
C.增进社会团结和谐的最大公约数
D.构建人类命运共同体的行动指南
【答案】ABC
【解析】本题考查的知识点:社会主义核心价值观的意义。2018年3月十三届全国人民代表大会第一次会议通过了宪法修正案,把社会主义核心价值观正式写入宪法,社会主义核心价值观把国家、社会、个人三个层面的内涵集中概括,对社会主义现代化建设具有积极推动作用。积极培育践行社会主义核心价值观具有重大意义,主要表现在:它是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的价值遵循,是提高文化软实力的迫切要求,是增进社会团结和谐的最大公约数。故本题的正确答案是ABC。
31.中国特色社会主义法治道路的一个鲜明特点,就是坚持依法治国和以德治国相结合。法治和德治,是治国理政不可或缺的两种方式。这是因为法治和德治( )
A.发挥作用方式不同 B.实现途径不同
C.所处地位不同 D.调整范围不同
【答案】ABCD
【解析】本题考查的知识点:德治和法治的区别
德治和法治是治国理政必不可少的两种手段,都对社会秩序和人的行为起到规范的作用,但二者存在很大不同。思想道德和法律在调节领域、调节方式、调节目标等方面发挥的作用和方式存在很大不同,首先二者发挥作用方式不同,德治主要依靠道德教化对人的思想进行调节,法治主要依靠法律的强制力来进行实施;其次,调节范围不同,德治主要是对人的思想道德领域进行调节,法治主要是对人的行为规范领域进行调节。德治和法治在地位和实现途径上也有不同,在地位上:法治是治国理政基本方式和基本方略,具有根本性、决定性和统一性;德治是治国理政的重要方式。在实现途径上:法治主要靠制定和实施法律规范进行,德治主要依靠培育和弘扬道德进行。故本题的正确答案是ABCD。
32.2018年6月22日至23日,中央外事工作会议在北京召开。--在会上发表重要讲话,强调要深入分析世界转型过渡期国际形势的演变规律,准确把握历史交汇期我国外部环境的基本特征,统筹谋划和推进对外工作。其基本要求是( )
A. 既要把握世界多极化加速推进的大势,又要重视大国关系深入调整的态势
B. 既要把握经济全球化持续发展的大势,又要重视世界经济格局深刻演变的动向
C. 既要把握国际环境总体稳定的大势,又要重视国际安全挑战错综复杂的局面
D. 既要把握各种文明交流互鉴的大势,又要重视不同思想文化相互激荡的现实
【答案】ABCD
【解析】6月22日至23日,中央外事工作会议在北京召开。中共中央-、-、中央军委主席-强调,从党的十九大到党的十二大,是实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标的历史交汇期,在中华民族伟大复兴历史复兴历史进程中具有特殊重大意义。纵观人类历史,世界发展从来都是各种矛盾相互交织、相互作用的综合结果。我们要深入分析世界转型过渡期国际形势的演变规律,准确把握历史交汇期我国外部环境的基本特征,统筹谋划和推进对外工作。既要把握世界多极化加速推进的大势,又要重视大国关系深入调整的态势。既要把握经济全球化持续发展的大势,又要重视世界经济格局深刻演变的动向。既要把握国际环境总体稳定的大势,又要重视国际安全挑战错综复杂的局面。因此,答案为ABCD。
33.2018年是中日和平友好条约缔结40周年。日本首相安倍晋三于10月25日至27日对中国进行正式访问。-、-总理分别与其举行了会晤、会谈。中日双方就改善、发展两国关系及共同关心的国际和地区问题交换了意见,在政治、经济、安全及其他国际问题上达成诸多共识,取得务实成果。这些成果主要有( )
A. 签署了中日双边本币互换协议
B. 签署了中日两国海上搜寻救助合作协定
C. 双方一致确认将恪守中日四个政治文件的各项原则
D. 双方一致同意将作为“中日青少年交流促进年”
【答案】ABCD
【解析】根据对题干的分析和实时内容,因此答案为ABCD。
三、分析题:34~38小题,每小题10分,共50分。要求结合所学知识分析材料并回答问题。将答案写在答题纸指定位置上。
34.结合材料回答问题:
材料1
1978年,中国正徘徊在一个新的十字路口,中国发展的逻辑是什么,中国现代化到底要通过何种方式抵达?自近代以来盘桓在中华民族头上的问题,再次成为时代之问。
时间定格在这一刻。中国上百台印刷机转动,不同的报头之下,出现了同一个标题;校园的阅报栏前挤满年轻的面孔,无数学子闻风而至,阅读同一篇文章;千百人重新铺展稿纸,千百支笔重新抖落尘埃,准备书写同一个主题;被一种沉重的沉默笼罩的中国大地,随着第一声响动,忽然爆发出轰鸣。
这是1978年5月,一篇名为《实践是检验真理的唯一标准》的特约评论员文章在《光明日报》一版刊发,掀起了席卷中国的真理标准大讨论,成为那支撬动改革开放的哲学杠杆。
这场讨论,成为拨乱反正、改革开放的哲学宣言,不但为十一届三中全会的召开凝聚了思想共识,而且确立了中国改革进程的理论原则和思维模式。
这场讨论,推动了马克思主义中国化的进一步深入,既成为改革开放的前奏,也成为中国特色社会主义的前奏,使中国在道路探索上实现了理论创新与实践检验的良性互动。
这场讨论,成为中国社会思想现代化的重要一环,解放思想的力量、实事求是的精神,强有力地推动着中国由传统型社会向现代型社会演进,从封闭型社会向开放型社会过渡。
摘编自《光明日报》 (2018年5月11日)
材料2
实践没有止境,理论创新也没有止境。世界每时每刻都在发生变化,中国也每时每刻都在发生变化,我们必须在理论上跟上时代,不断认识规律,不断推进理论创新、实践创新、制度创新、文化创新以及其他各方面创新。
时代是思想之母,时间是理论之源。只要我们善于聆听时代声音,勇于坚持真理,修正错误,二十一世纪中国的马克思主义一定能够展现出更强大、更有说服力的真理力量!
摘自 -《决胜全面建成小康社会夺取-伟大胜利——在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告》
(1)如何理解“实践是检验真理的唯一标准”? (5分)
(2)从实践标准的绝对性与相对性的关系,谈谈你对“实践没有止境,理论创新也没有止境”的认识。(5分)
【参考答案】
(1)如何理解“实践是检验真理的唯一标准”? (5分)
“实践是检验真理的唯一标准”是由真理的本性和实践的特点决定的。
从真理的本性看,真理是人们对客观事物及其发展规律的正确反映,它的本性在于主观和客观相符合。检验真理就是检验人的主观认识同客观实际是否相符合以及符合的程度。检验真理的标准,既不能是主观认识本身,也不能是客观事物。只有那种能够把主观认识与客观事物联系和沟通起来,从而使人们能够把二者加以比较和对照的东西,才能充当检验真理的标准。具有这种特性的东西,只能是作为主客观联系的桥梁、纽带或“交错点”的社会实践。
从实践的特点看,实践是人们改造世界的客观的物质性活动,具有直接现实性的特点。实践能够把一定的认识、理论变成直接的、实实在在的现实,把主观的东西变为客观的东西。如果实践的结果与实践之前的认识和预想相符合,那么,之前的认识就得到了证实,成为真理性的认识。实践的直接现实性的品格,是实践能够成为检验真理唯一标准的主要根据。
(2)从实践标准的绝对性与相对性的关系,谈谈你对“实践没有止境,理论创新也没有止境”的认识。(5分)
“实践没有止境,理论创新也没有止境”说明实践作为检验真理的标准,既是确定性的,又是不确定性的,实践标准是确定性与不确定性的统一。
实践标准的确定性即绝对性是指:
①实践是检验真理的唯一标准,此外再无别的标准;
②凡经过实践证明了的一切认识都是客观真理,都具有不可推翻的性质;
③实践能够检验一切认识,即使当前的实践还不能加以判定,最终也会被以后的实践做出裁决。
实践标准的不确定性是指:
①一定历史阶段上的具体实践具有局限性,它往往不能充分证明或驳倒某一认识的真理性;
②实践检验真理是一个过程,不是一次完成的;
③已被实践检验过的真理还要继续经受实践的检验。
因此,我们必须把实践对真理的检验,看作是全部人类的实践即无数个别的、历史发展着的、整个社会的实践对真理的检验。实践检验和证明真理是一个过程,这个过程永远不会完结。
35. 结合材料回答问题:
材料1
深圳故事始于改革开放之初。当时,以时任广东省委第一书记习仲勋同志为代表的改革先行者向中央提出创办对外加工贸易区的设想建议,-同志审时度势,创造性地提出“可以划出一块地方,就叫做特区”。1980年,深圳蛇口工业区一声炮响,拉开了经济特区建设大幕。 特区建立前,深圳还只是一个仅有两条小巷和一条200米长小街的小渔村;今天的深圳,已是一座充满魅力、动力、活力和创新力的现代化国际化大都市,创造了工业化、城市化、现代化发展的奇迹,被誉为中国改革开放的“样板间”。如果把视线聚焦到党的十八大以来这五年多,深圳故事更是精彩纷呈。五年来,深圳扎实践行毛泽东思想,不断在高质量发展中发力,发展动力持续增强,百姓福祉稳步改善,城市文明进一步提升,绿色发展特质更加凸显。在中国特色社会主义新时代,深圳依然是改革开放的排头兵。
作为我国改革开放的重要起源地和中国特色社会主义的忠实践行地,深圳故事连着中国故事,深圳的成就是中华民族实现从站起来到富起来、并迎来从富起来到强起来伟大飞跃的生动缩影。改革开放40年来,接可比价格计算,我国国内生产总值年均增长约9.5%,7亿多人成功脱贫;中国成为世界第二大经济体,连续多年对世界经济增长贡献率超过30%,特别是党的十八大以来,以-同志为核心的党中央以前所未有的决心和力度,把改革开放提升到新的战略高度,推动党和国家事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革。40年的辉煌成就充分证明,改革开放是决定当代中国命运的关键抉择,是当代中国发展进步的活力之源。
摘编自《人民日报》 (2018年4月10日、5月21日)
材料2
12月,--在党的十八大后首次离京考察,首站即到改革开放中得风气之先的深圳,现场回顾中国改革开放的历史进程,宣示继续推进改革开放的坚定信念,他指出,改革开放是我们党的历史上一次伟大觉醒,正是这个伟大觉醒孕育了新时期从理论到实践的伟大创造,现在我国改革开放已进入攻坚期和深水区,我们必须以更大的政治勇气和智慧,不失时机深化重要领域改革。
时隔近6年,--予2018年10月再次南下广东,他考察调研时指出,党的十八大后我考察调研的第一站就是深圳,改革开放40周年之际再来这里,就是要向全世界宣示中国改革不停顿,开放不止步,我们要不忘改革开放初心,认真总结改革开放40年成功经验,提升改革开放质量和水平,他反复强调,进入新时代,国际国内形势发生广泛而深刻变化,改革发展面临着新形势任务新挑战,必须以改革开放的眼光看待改革开放,抓住机遇、迎接挑战,高举新时代改革开放旗帜,继续全面深化改革,全面扩大开放。
摘编自《人民日报》(2018年10月26日),人民网(2018年10月26日)
(1)为什么说“改革开放是决定当代中国命运的关键抉择”?(5分)
(2)如何理解进入新时代必须“以改革开放的眼光看待改革开放”?(5分)
【参考答案】
(1)为什么说“改革开放是决定当代中国命运的关键抉择”?(5分)
题干中“改革开放是决定当代中国命运的关键抉择”,充分论证在新时时代背景下坚持改革开放基本国策的重要性。
1978年党的十一届三中全会,以巨大政治勇气和理论勇气做出了把工作重心转移到经济建设上来,实行改革开放的重大决策。这是中国处于历史转折关头作出的战略抉择。做出了将全党的工作重心转移到社会主义现代化建设上来的伟大决策,揭开了改革开放的序幕,中国由此进入改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的历史新时期。
从国际环境看,世界范围兴起的新科技革命推动世界经济以更快速度向前发展,赶上时代潮流,提高人民生活水平,改革开放是必由之路。
改革开放是中国特色社会主义发展的关键抉择,是中国特色社会主义的发展的重要法宝,也是中国特色社会主义发展的必由之路。
(2)如何理解进入新时代必须“以改革开放的眼光看待改革开放”?(5分)
“进入新时代以改革开放的眼光看待改革开放”充分说明中国特色社会主义进入新时代,新时代最新的历史定位、面临新矛盾和历史任务,新的使命和新的矛盾需要改革开放手段加以解决。
改革开放是一个国家、一个民族的生存发展之道。没有改革开放就没有当代中国的发展进步。改革只有进行时,没有完成时。改革中出现的问题要用改革的办法来解决,停滞和倒退没有出路,要将改革进行到底。改革过程中并非坦途也唯有改革才有出路。既要看到发展中的成就,也要看到发展中出现的问题,要用深化改革的办法解决前进中的问题。
改革开放40年,在这一探索过程总结了成功的经验,为后续继续深入改革提供借鉴,与此同时也出现了历史性难题,为进行创新性探索提供启发。成功开辟了中国特色社会主义道路,形成中国特色社会主义理论,形成中国特色社会主义制度,传播了中国特色社会主义文化,面对世界怎么了,我们怎么办,贡献出中国智慧和中国方案。
实践证明,我们走改革开放这条路是一条正确道路,只要锲而不舍、一以贯之、再接再厉,必然创造出新的更大奇迹。
36. 结合材料回答问题:
材料1.
马克思主义不仅深刻改变了世界,也深刻改变了中国,中华民族在几千年的历史进程中创造了灿烂的中华文明,为人类文明进步作出了重大贡献。1840年鸦片战争以后,西方列强凭着坚船利炮野蛮轰开了中国的大门,中华民族陷入内忧外患的悲惨境地.
近代以后,争取民族独立、人民解放和实现国家富强,人民幸福就成为中国人民的历史任务。在旧式的农民战争走到尽头,不触动封建根本的自强运动和改良主义屡屡碰壁,资产阶级革命派领导的革命和西方资本主义的其它种.种方案纷纷破产的情况下,十月革命一声炮响,为中国送来了马克思列宁主义,给苦苦探寻救亡图存出路的中国人民指明了前进方向,提供了全新选择。
中国共产党诞生后,中国共产党人把马克思列宁主义基本原理同中国革命和建设具体实际结合起来,团结带领人民经过长期奋斗,完成新民主主义革命和社会主义革命,建立起中华人民共和国和社会主义基本制度,进行了社会主义的艰辛探索,实现了中华民族从东亚病夫到站起来的伟大飞跃。
改革开放以来,中国共产党人把马克思列宁主义基本原理同中国改革开放的具体实际结合起来,团结带领人民进行建设中国特色社会主义新的伟大实践,使中国大踏步赶上了时代,实现了中华民族从站起来到富起来的伟大飞跃。
材料2.
经过长期努力,中国特色社会主义进入了新时代,这是我国发展新的历史方位。
中国特色社会主义进入新时代,意味着近代以来久经磨难的中华民族迎来了从站起来、富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃,迎来了实现中华民族伟大复兴的光明前景,意味着科学社会主义在二十一世纪的中国焕发出强大生机活力,在世界上高高举起了中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,意味着中国特色社会主义道路、理论、制度、文化不断发展,拓展了发展中国家走向现代化的途径,给世界上那些希望加快发展又希望保持自身独立性的国家和民族提供了全新选择,为解决人类问题贡献了中国智慧和中国方案。
摘自 -《决胜全面建成小康社会度夺取-伟大胜利——在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告》
(1)如何理解马克思列宁主义给中国人民“指明了前进方向,提供了全新选择”?(5分)
(2)中华民族实现了从东亚病夫到站起来,从站起来到富起来的伟大飞跃,并迎来了从富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃说明了什么?
【参考答案】
(1)如何理解马克思列宁主义给中国人民“指明了前进方向,提供了全新选择”?(5分)
马克思主义传入中国给中国人民指明了前进方向,提供了全新选择:
旧民主主义革命时期,为改变中华民族的命运,中国人民和无数仁人志士进行了艰苦的探索和不屈不挠的斗争,然而旧式农民革命,不触动封建根基的自强运动和改良主义,资产阶级革命派领导的革命以及照搬西方资本主义的其他种.种方案,因其各自的局限性和缺点,都不能完成反帝反封建的历史任务。究其原因,主要在于没有坚强的领导核心,没有科学的指导思想。
十月革命推动中国的先进分子把目光从西方转向东方,从资产阶级民主主义转向社会主义。十月革命给予中国人的启示有:①中国可以学习俄国走社会主义道路;②中国可以学习俄国科学社会主义思想;③中国可以学习俄国广泛发动群众的革命方法。除此之外,新文化运动的推动和影响,为马克思主义在中国的广泛传播准备了思想和文化的条件。五四运动中,有力地促进了马克思主义在中国的传播及其与中国工人运动的结合。197月,中国共产党一大在上海召开,会议确立了党的指导思想为马克思主义。
在马克思主义的指导下,中国革命出现了新局面。中国革命从此有了科学理论的指导、坚强的领导核心、正确的纲领和奋斗目标以及全新的革命方法。
(2)中华民族实现了从东亚病夫到站起来,从站起来到富起来的伟大飞跃,并迎来了从富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃说明了什么?
“三次飞跃”证明了:
中国共产党诞生后,中国共产党人把马克思主义基本原理同中国革命和建设的具体实际结合起来,团结带领人民经过长期奋斗,完成新民主主义革命和社会主义革命,建立起中华人民共和国和社会主义基本制度,进行了社会主义建设的艰辛探索,实现了中华民族从东亚病夫到站起来的伟大飞跃。这一伟大飞跃以铁一般的事实证明,只有社会主义才能救中国!
改革开放以来,中国共产党人把马克思主义基本原理同中国改革开放的具体实际结合起来,团结带领人民进行建设中国特色社会主义新的伟大实践,使中国大踏步赶上了时代,实现了中华民族从站起来到富起来的伟大飞跃。这一伟大飞跃以铁一般的事实证明,只有中国特色社会主义才能发展中国!
在新时代,中国共产党人把马克思主义基本原理同新时代中国具体实际结合起来,团结带领人民进行伟大斗争、建设伟大工程、推进伟大事业、实现伟大梦想,推动党和国家
事业取得全方位、开创性历史成就,发生深层次、根本性历史变革,中华民族迎来了从富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃。这一伟大飞跃以铁一般的事实证明,只有坚持和发展中国特色社会主义才能实现中华民族伟大复兴!
37. 结合材料回答问题:
2018年9月30日,在我国第五个烈士纪念日到来之时,党和国家领导人同各界代表向天安门广场人民英雄纪念碑敬献花篮,表达着13亿多人民对英烈的深切缅怀和崇高敬意。
人民英雄纪念碑基座上镶嵌的8幅革命历史浮雕,镌刻了从虎门销烟到解放战争时期为争取民族独立和人民幸福而牺牲的人民英雄。这一纪念中国革命胜利的全景图,凝聚了无数先烈的铁骨精魂,更象征着中国人民不忘历史、砥砺奋进的民族精神。
欲知大道,必先为史。--指出:“历史是一面镜子。 以史为鉴,才能避免重蹈覆辙。对历史,我们要心怀敬畏、心怀良知。历史无法改变,但未来可以塑造。”
“天地英雄气,千秋尚凛然。”一个有希望的民族不能没有英雄,一个有前途的国家不能没有先锋。英雄烈士的事迹和精神是中华民族共同的历史记忆和宝贵的精神财富。
一段时间以来,历史虚无主义思潮沉渣泛起。社会上质疑英雄烈士、歪曲历史的现象和行为不时出现,造成了极其恶劣的社会影响,引起了社会舆论的高度关注。
在社会各界不断的呼声中,2018年4月27日,十三届全国人大常委会第二次会议全票表决通过了《中华人民共和国英雄烈士保护法》,英雄烈士的姓名、肖像、名誉、荣誉受法律保护,禁止歪曲、丑化、亵渎、否定英雄烈士的事迹和精神,宣扬、美化侵略战争和侵略行为将被依法惩处直至追究刑责。
英雄烈士保护法生效一个月后,最高人民法院、最高人民检察院相继下发通知要求依法惩处侵害英雄烈士权益、形象等违法行为;文化和旅游部部署县查处抹黑英雄烈士等英雄烈士等违法违规经营行为;各主要互联网文化单位纷纷采取措施清理违规信息、视频和账号;多地检察机关针对侵害英雄烈士名誉等问题依法启动诉讼程序。
“昨天你用生命捍卫我我们,今天我们用法律保护你。”网友真挚的话语道出了人们对英雄烈士的敬意和爱戴。
从设立烈士纪念日“立大德于社会”,到缅怀英雄烈士仪式“扬大义于国家”,再到制定英雄烈士保护法“布大信于天下”,一系列致敬英烈、崇尚英雄的国家行动,筑起了民族复兴征程的闪亮灯塔。
摘编自(光明日报》 (2018 年4月6日),《人民日报》(2018年6月13日、10月1日等)
(1)如何理解“英雄烈士的事迹和精神是中华民族共同的记忆和宝贵的精神财富”?(5分)
(2)从法律社会作用的角度,分析为什么要用法律的名义保护英雄烈士?(5分)
【参考答案】
(1)如何理解“英雄烈士的事迹和精神是中华民族共同的记忆和宝贵的精神财富”?(5分)
烈士精神指的是中国革命道德。中国革命道德是中国共产党人、人民军队、一切先进分子和人民群众在中国新民主主义革命和社会主义革命、建设与改革中所形成的优良道德。继承和弘扬中国革命道德传统,对于推进中国特色社会主义伟大事业具有重大意义。
首先,有利于坚定信念,加强和巩固社会主义与共产主义理想信念。崇高的信念是共产党人追求真理、开拓创新的精神动力,加强理想信念的教育,有利于充实人民群众的精神生活,有利于坚持发展中国特色社会主义道路。
其次,有利于培育和践行社会主义核心价值观。中国革命道德是先进价值观在道德领域的集中体现,蕴含着培育和践行社会主义核心价值观的丰富思想道德资源。
再次,有利于引导人们树立正确的道德观,能够引导人们正确对待个人利益和社会利益、国家利益,积极投身于中国特色社会主义建设当中。
最后,有利于培育良好的社会道德风尚。净化社会人际关系,抵制各种腐朽思想,传播正能量。(2)
(2)从法律社会作用的角度,分析为什么要用法律的名义保护英雄烈士?(5分)
以法律保护烈士及事迹,是基于当前的国际国内环境提出的十分必要的重大举措,也表现出了德治需与法治紧密结合,尤其是法治对道德的支撑作用。
法治是治国理政的基本方式,依法治国是基本方略,法治具有根本性、决定性和统一性,它强调对任何人都一律平等,任何人都必须遵守法律。法治发挥作用,要以国家强制力为后盾,主要依靠法律的预测作用,惩罚作用,威慑作用和预防作用。法治主要依靠制定和实施法律规范的形式来推进和实施,
以《中华人民共和国英雄烈士保护法》的颁布为契机,在日常中继承和发扬中国革命道德,坚决抵制玷污英雄烈士的行为,就体现出了法治对道德的支撑作用,也体现出我们运用法治手段解决道德领域的突出问题。
从道德角度来说,继承和弘扬中国革命道德传统有利于实现中华民族伟大复兴,从法律角度来说,《中华人民共和国英雄烈士保护法》的颁布,可以有力打击玷污英雄烈士的行为,维护道德领域的气正风清。
38.结合材料回答问题:
2018年,中国相继举办了四大主场外交活动:博鳌亚洲论坛年会、上海合作组织峰会、中非合作论坛峰会、中国国际进口博览会。-悉数出席并作重要主旨演讲,深入阐述了构建人类命运共同体重要思想,为世界发展提供了中国智慧、中国方案,产生了日益广泛而深远的国际影响。主场外交是党的十八大以来中国外交一大亮点,已成为全新的“中国名片”。
坚持开放共赢 共创美好未来
2018年4月10日,-在博鳌亚洲论坛年会开幕式上发表题为《开放共创繁荣创新引领未来》的主旨演讲,强调“中国开放的大门不会关闭,只会越开越大!”“让我们坚持开放共赢,勇于变革创新,向着构建人类命运共同体的目标不断迈进,共创亚洲和世界的美好未来!”
面向未来,-为各国携手构建新型国际关系、构建人类命运共同体进一步明确了路径:相互尊重、平等相待;对话协商、共担责任;同舟共济、合作共赢;兼容并蓄、和而不同;敬畏自然、珍爱地球。
弘扬“上海精神” 增添时代内涵
2018年6月10日,上海合作组织扩员后的首次峰会在青岛举行,-在题为《弘扬“上海精神”构建命运共同体》的重要讲话中强调,“上海精神”是上合组织的灵魂和共同财富,必须加以坚持和弘扬,-提出的发展观、安全观、合作观、文明观和全球治理观,为“上海精神”增添了新的时代内涵,赋予上合组织新的历史使命。
-呼吁各方齐心协力构建命运共同体,经各方协商一致,“确定人类命运共同体的共同理念”被写入青岛宣言,成为上合组织8国最重要的政治共识和努力目标。
中非携手同心 共同促进发展
2018年9月3日,-在中非合作论坛北京峰会发表题为《携手共命运 同心促发展》的主旨讲话,对中非特色鲜明的合作共赢之路,做出清晰概括:真诚友好、平等相待,义利相兼,以义为先;发展为民,务实高效,开放包容、兼收并蓄。-提出要携手打造责任共担,合作共赢、幸福共享、文化共兴,安全共筑、和谐共生的中非命运共同体;在中非合作计划全面落实的基础上,未来三年和今后一段时间重点实施“人大行动”为构建更加紧密的中非命运共同体指明了行动路径,为推动构建人类命运共同体树立了典范。
扩大对外开放 机遇世界共享
2018年11月5日,首届中国国际进口博览会在上海隆重举行。-《共建创新包容的开放型世界经济》的主旨演讲中强调更高水平的脚步不会停滞!中国推动建设开放型世界经济的脚步不能停滞!中国推动构建人类命运共同体的脚步不会停滞!-同时强调,中国国际进口博览会不是中国的独唱,而是各国合唱,中国将在激发进口潜力,持续放宽市场准入,营造国际一流营商环境,打造对外开放新高地,推动多边和双边合作深入发展等方面加大进一步开放的力度。与世界各国向着构建人类命运共同体目标不懈奋进,开创人类更加美好的未来。
摘编自《人民日报》
(1)为什么说主场外交已成为全新的 “中国名片”?(4分)
(2)中国主场外交贯穿着怎么样的外交关系理念?中国为世界发展提供了哪些智慧和方案?(6分)
【参考答案】
(1)为什么说主场外交已成为全新的 “中国名片”?(4分)
进入新时代,中国国际地位不断提高并日益走进世界舞台的中央。中国发展离不开世界,世界的发展也离不开中国,世界期盼中国关于世界和平、发展、治理的声音。中国以负责任大国的身份,全面对外开放,着力打造对外开放的新高地,积极组织主场国际外交活动,推动多边和双边外交发展,引领世界和平、发展和治理潮流,吸引了世界关注的目光。
(2)中国主场外交贯穿着怎么样的外交关系理念?中国为世界发展提供了哪些智慧和方案?(6分)
中国通过中非合作论坛、上海合作组织会议、博鳌论坛、进博会等主张外交,传播了中国走和平发展道路,推动构建新型国际关系和“人类命运共同体”等重大理念主张。针对世界和平、发展、治理三大赤字,中国倡导建设“一带一路”,表明中国将进一步扩大对外开放,坚定不移维护多边贸易体制,坚定不移推动全球治理体系变革,始终做世界和平的建设者、全球发展的贡献者、国际秩序的维护者,坚定不移推动构建人类命运共同体。
篇6:考研政治真题及答案解析
实践没有止境,理论创新也没有止境。世界每时每刻都在发生变化,中国也每时每刻都在发生变化,我们必须在理论上跟上时代,不断认识规律,不断推进理论创新、实践创新、制度创新、文化创新以及其他各方面创新。
时代是思想之母,时间是理论之源。只要我们善于聆听时代声音,勇于坚持真理,修正错误,二十一世纪中国的马克思主义一定能够展现出更强大、更有说服力的真理力量!
摘自 -《决胜全面建成小康社会夺取-伟大胜利——在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告》
(1)如何理解“实践是检验真理的唯一标准”? (5分)
(2)从实践标准的绝对性与相对性的关系,谈谈你对“实践没有止境,理论创新也没有止境”的认识。(5分)
【参考答案】
(1)如何理解“实践是检验真理的唯一标准”? (5分)
“实践是检验真理的唯一标准”是由真理的本性和实践的特点决定的。
从真理的本性看,真理是人们对客观事物及其发展规律的正确反映,它的本性在于主观和客观相符合。检验真理就是检验人的主观认识同客观实际是否相符合以及符合的程度。检验真理的标准,既不能是主观认识本身,也不能是客观事物。只有那种能够把主观认识与客观事物联系和沟通起来,从而使人们能够把二者加以比较和对照的东西,才能充当检验真理的标准。具有这种特性的东西,只能是作为主客观联系的桥梁、纽带或“交错点”的社会实践。
从实践的特点看,实践是人们改造世界的客观的物质性活动,具有直接现实性的特点。实践能够把一定的认识、理论变成直接的、实实在在的现实,把主观的东西变为客观的东西。如果实践的结果与实践之前的认识和预想相符合,那么,之前的认识就得到了证实,成为真理性的认识。实践的直接现实性的品格,是实践能够成为检验真理唯一标准的主要根据。
(2)从实践标准的绝对性与相对性的关系,谈谈你对“实践没有止境,理论创新也没有止境”的认识。(5分)
“实践没有止境,理论创新也没有止境”说明实践作为检验真理的标准,既是确定性的,又是不确定性的,实践标准是确定性与不确定性的统一。
实践标准的确定性即绝对性是指:
①实践是检验真理的唯一标准,此外再无别的标准;
②凡经过实践证明了的一切认识都是客观真理,都具有不可推翻的性质;
③实践能够检验一切认识,即使当前的实践还不能加以判定,最终也会被以后的实践做出裁决。
实践标准的不确定性是指:
①一定历史阶段上的具体实践具有局限性,它往往不能充分证明或驳倒某一认识的真理性;
②实践检验真理是一个过程,不是一次完成的;
③已被实践检验过的真理还要继续经受实践的检验。
因此,我们必须把实践对真理的检验,看作是全部人类的实践即无数个别的、历史发展着的、整个社会的实践对真理的检验。实践检验和证明真理是一个过程,这个过程永远不会完结。
35. 结合材料回答问题:
篇7:考研英语真题答案
Section 1 Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Though not biologically related, friends are as related as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 .
The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 .While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin.
The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity in olfactory genes is difficult to explain, for now. 10 Perhaps, as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working in tandem that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 than nal kinship of being friends with 14 !One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor.
The findings do not simply corroborate peoples 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers were taken from the same population. The team also controlled the data to check ancestry of subjects.
Section II Reading Comprehension
1、What
2、Concluded
3、On
4、Compared
5、Samples
6、Insignificant
7、Know
8、Resemble
9、Also
10、Perhaps
11、To
12、Drive
13、Ratherthan
14、Benefits
15、Faster
16、understand
17、Contributory
18、Tendency
19、Ethnic
20、see
Part A
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
TEXT 1
King Juan Carlos of Spain once insistedkings dont abdicate, they die in their sleep. But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republicans left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?
The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was following the end of the France regime, monarchs can rise above mere polities and embody a spirit of national unity.
It is this apparent transcendence of polities that explains monarchys continuing popularity as heads of state. And so, the Middle East expected, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.
Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history-and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warming of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.
The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.
While Europes monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.
It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchys reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service-as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchys worst enemies.
篇8:考研英语一真题阅读答案及解析
21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that
A. arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.
B. English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.
C. high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.
D. young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.
22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War 2 were characterized by
A free themes.
B casual style.
C elaborate layout.
D radical viewpoints.
23. Which of the following would shaw and Newman most probably agree on?
A It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.
B It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.
C Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.
D Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.
24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?
A His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.
B His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.
C His style caters largely to modern specialists.
D His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.
25. What would be the best title for the text?
A Newspapers of the Good Old Days
B The Lost Horizon in Newspapers
C Mournful Decline of Journalism
D Prominent Critics in Memory
21. D
观点题:这道题的摇摆项是C和D,即[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.
[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.题干问一二段的含义是什么。文章中对应的逻辑关联词是under the age of forty, marvel at the fact, suitable, dailies,即young readers对应的逻辑关联词为under the age of forty,marvel对应的逻辑关联词为doubt,suitable对应的逻辑关联词为suitability。
22. B
观点题:这道题的摇摆项为A和B,即[A] free themes [B] casual style。文章中对应的逻辑关联词为ornament(装饰品),即ornament对应casual(随意的,随便的,马虎的)。本题考得是一词多义能力。
23. B
观点题:非常简单,没有摇摆项,即[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.。文章中对应的逻辑关联词是contempt,即contempt对应contemptible。
24. A
信息题:这道题的摇摆项为A和D,即[A ] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today. [D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.。文章中相对应的逻辑关联词是forgetten, unknown save, revival remote,即对应may not appeal to(肯能不吸引今天的读者)。本题同样考一词多义。
25. D或B
观点题:这道题的摇摆项为B和D,即[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers(在报纸中消失在视野中<的一个事件>) [D] Prominent Critics in Memory(卓越的评论家在记忆中或在过去)
26. C
观点题:这道题的摇摆项是C和D,即[C] the possible restriction on their granting [D] the controversy over authorization。题干Business-method patents最近引起关注的原因。选项C在文章中对应逻辑关联词是ready to scale back on,即ready对应possible,restriction对应scale back on。选项D对应的逻辑关联词为controversial, authorized, granted,即controversial对应controversy,authorized, granted对应authorization。
27. D
观点题:非常简单,没有摇摆项,即[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S。文章中对应逻辑关联词为wether it should ”reconsider"(是否重新再考虑)。
28. C
推理词义题:这道题的摇摆项是C和D,即[C]change of attitude。题干about-face最可能的意思。文章中对应逻辑关联词是curb, approving,即已经批准,现在有打算限制。
29. D
观点题:高难度题,但只能选D,没有摇摆项,即 [D] increase the incidence of risks。文章对应逻辑关联词是hedging risk(限制风险)。法律是为了限制风险,那这种专利模式当然是增加风险。
30. A
文章主题题:这道题的摇摆项为A和C,即[A]A looming threat to business-method patents [C]A legal case regarding business-method patents。A是隐隐逼近的一种威胁,C是关于这种专利模式一个法律案件。整篇文章都在controversy这个专利模式,最后一段指出将会尾随其后最高法院的一系列判决,即限制专利保护的范围。
31. B
观点题:非常简单,没有摇摆项,即[B] discuss influentials' function in spreading ideas。与文章中对应的关联词为acting, influentials, 即acting(起作用)对应function。
32. D
信息题:这道题的摇摆项为B和C,即[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends [D] requires solid(坚实的或确凿的) evidence for its validity。题干作者暗示两步流理论。文章中对应逻辑关联词为but it doesn't explain,即第一段最后提出那本书并没有解释idea实际上是怎么传播的。untested theory对应solid evidence。
33. A
观点题:非常简单,没有摇摆项,即[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions。文章中的对应词汇是each person, in turn influence。
34. C
推理代词题:高难度题,每一个选项都可能是摇摆项,即[A]stay outside the network of social influence [B]have little contact with the source of influence [C]are influenced and then influence others [D] are influenced by the initial influential。这道题可以算是新题型,很像翻译题的考试风格。
35. C
观点题:比较简单,没有摇摆项,即{C}The readiness to be influenced。文章中相对应的逻辑关联词是easy,即考readiness(容易)一词多义。
36. A
信息题:比较简单,没有摇摆项,即[A]follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules。文中相对应的逻辑关联词是not fair,即既然银行家们认为是不公平的,那么对他们自身肯定是不利的。
37. A
信息题: 这道题的摇摆项为A和D,[A]the diminishing role of management [D]the weakening of its independence。文章中对应单词为more freedom。
38. D
观点题:没有摇摆项,其他选项都是荒谬选项。[D]take gradual measures in reform
39. B
观点题:高难度题,这道题的摇摆项是A和B,即[A]misinterpreted market price indicators [B]exaggerated the real value of their assets。文章中对应的逻辑关联词overvalued, overstate,即过去高估资产,今天市场高估损失
40. D
作者态度题:这道题的摇摆项为C和D,即[C]objectiveness(客观) [D]sympathy。But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.
篇9:考研英语作文真题解析
考研英语作文真题解析
20考研英语一写作大作文有两副图画,第一幅是爸爸坐在电视机前打游戏,但是对书桌前的儿子说:儿子,你要好好学习。第二幅图则是爸爸与儿子一起在书桌前学习。下面的提示语则是:与其只提要求,不如做个榜样。
关于英语二的作文--某高校大学生旅游的目的,本次作文是一个饼状图。
关于饼状图,第一段可以先描述图表,第二段对进行图表进行剖析。
参考词汇:
1.the modeled behaviors of parents父母的表率作用
2. practise践行,实施
3. advocate提倡,主张
4.earnestly practise what one advocates认真的`践行你的主张
5. Action speaks louder than the words.行动比说更重要
6.I prefer to dosomething instead of talking.我更赞同身体力行而不是空口说说而已。
7.Wise people used to say that taking actions is of utmost significance in our daily life.采取行动是最重要的。
8.There is no denying that it is taking actions that really realize the promise they made.是行动让我们实现了自己所做的承诺。
篇10:考研英语真题重点解析
考研英语真题重点解析
今天距2013考研还有不到150天的时间,对于参加考研的考生来说,距离考试的时间又临近了,到了真正关键的冲刺时刻。英语长难句一直是大家英语备考的中难点。
在线网络课堂考研英语辅导团队,现将历年考试中的经典长难句进行了汇总、分析,希望广大考生能从这些总结、归纳中吸引考试中的精华内容,提高复习效率。
句子一:
Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.
句子分析:
第一、句子可以拆分为三段:
Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant
respect, / extremists of this kind think / that animals lie outside the area of
moral choice.
第二、句子的结构:
1)主干结构是extremists of this kind think that… 其中that引导宾语从句,Arguing from.。.是现在分词短语作状语。
2) the view和后面的从句that.。.是同位语关系
第三、词的处理:
Arguing from the view 从……观点看,持……观点
different from... 与……不同
in every relevant respect 在各相关方面
extremists 极端主义者,持极端观点的人
lie outside the area of moral choice 不在道德问题范围,与道德取舍无关
参考译文:
这类人持极端看法,认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同,对待动物无须考虑道德问题。
句子二:
But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looks into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.
句子分析:
第一、句子可以拆分为三段:
But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looks into the past, / for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures / that existed 15 billion years ago.
第二、句子主干结构是:主句+ for +原因状语从句。
主句是强调句it was... that.。.被强调部分the farthest是后面句子的状语,可以理解为scientists had been able to look the farthest into the past
2) for.。.引导的原因状语从句是一个系表结构,what they were seeing是从句中的'主语,that引导定语从句修饰the patterns and structures。
第三、词的处理:
even more important 更为重要的是
he patterns and structures (宇宙云的)形状和结构
15 billion years ago 150亿年前
参考译文:
更为重要的是,这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象,因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。
句子三:
Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true。
句子分析:
第一、句子可以拆分为三段:
Odd though it sounds, / cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, / and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true。
第二、句子的结构:
1)主干结构是cosmic inflation is a consequence, and many astrophysicists have been convinced that it is true。其中Odd though it sounds是倒装的让步状语从句,等于 though it sounds odd
2) consequence前后有多重定语。
3) and many astrophysicists have been convinced为被动结构。
4) that it is true是宾语从句。
第三、词的处理:
cosmic inflation 宇宙膨胀说
scientifically plausible consequence 科学上可信的推论
in elementary-particle physics 基本粒子物理学
convinced 被说服,相信
for the better part of a decade 七八年来
参考译文:
宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特,但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看来可信的推论。许多天体物理学家七八年来一直认为这一论说是正确的。
句子四:
Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
句子分析:
第一、句子可以拆分为三段:
Interest in historical methods has arisen / less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline / and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
第二、句子的结构
1)主干结构是一个简单句:Interest has arisen less through ...and more from.。.
2)并列状语less through ...and more from的翻译是关键,through和from意思完全相同,表示原因,直译为:比较少的是因为……,更多的原因是……
3)challenge后面的不定式短语to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline是它的定语,直译对历史作为一门学科的正确性提出异议,internal quarrels后面的介词短语among historians themselves作quarrels的定语。
第三、词的处理:
Interest in historical methods 对历史方法的关注(兴趣)
arisen 来自于,产生于challenge质疑,挑战
validity 真实性,正确性as an intellectual discipline作为一门学问(一个学科领域)
internal quarrels 内部意见不统一,内部分歧
参考译文:
人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论,主要是因为史学界内部意见不一,其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。
句子五:
During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional
methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study。
句子分析:
第一、句子可以拆分为三段:
During this transfer, / traditional historical methods were augmented / by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.
第二、句子的结构:
1)主干结构是一个被动语态的简单句:...methods were augmented by.。.
2)过去分词短语designed to.。.作句子宾语methodologies的定语。
第三、词的处理:
transfer 转变
augmented 充实,补充
篇11:考研英语一真题解析
今年英语一的作文相对来说,并没有特别的标新立异,小作文仍然是信件类,是信件类型中较为熟知的推荐信。这类信件在考过一个类似的推荐一部电影,而如今考到了推荐书籍。这一点也再次证明了真题的重要性,真题是一切的根本,每年的考试都是以真题为基础,然后在此基础上加以适当变化。考过电影那是否同样会考察书籍呢?同时让大家列举出相应的书籍名称,课堂上很多同学根据20的推荐电影联想到推荐书籍比如“Harry Potter”,“Gone With the Wind”等等。所以联系思维是一定要的,但这样的思维只有在仔细研究真题的基础之上才能有。
考研英语考试经过了整个到的一种演变,特别是从近十年来看,其命题思路是非常稳定的一种选拔性考试。这就给大家准备考研写作带来了福音。另外,考研真题文章实效性的加强,尤其从近三年命题规律来看,这一特点,有别于前考研真题的命题规律,比如现代科技与网络的近与远,考的是尊老爱幼,是毕业后的抉择,而且此命题规律,越来越明显。都会对当下热门和大众关心的社会现象社会问题结合起来。
篇12:职称英语真题及答案解析
Promising Results from Cancer Study
A new experimental vaccine has shown promising results in the fight against lung cancer. In a small Texas-based study, a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor University Medical Centre in Dallas, USA cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others.
Researchers have reported encouraging findings from this small study. Forty-three patients suffering from lung cancer were involved in these trials. Ten of these patients were in the early stages and thirty-three in the advanced stages of the disease. They were injected with the vaccine every two weeks for three months, and were carefully monitored for three years. In three of the patients in the advanced stages of cancer, the disease disappeared and in the others, it did not spread for five to twenty-four months. However, no great difference was seen in the patients in the early stages of the illness.
This new vaccine uses the patient's own immune system. It is made specifically for each patient and is injected into the arm or leg. It stimulates the body's immune system, which then recognizes that the cancer cells are harmful, and attacks and destroys them.
The vaccine could be effective against other forms of cancer. It offers great hope for the treatment of cancer in general, although further studies are needed before such treatment can be widely used.
16. The vaccine cured all the participants in the trial.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. Over forty people participated in the study.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. Patients in the early stages of the disease recovered more quickly in the trial.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. All the patients were from Dallas.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. Every patient was injected with the same vaccine.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. The vaccine activates the immune system.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22.The vaccine may be useful for treating other cancers.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
答案与解析
16.B。题干:该疫苗治愈了所有参加试验的患者。从第二段最后一句可知有些患者被治愈了,有些是病情得到缓解,因此题干内容有误,故选B。
17.A。题干:超过四十人参加了这个试验。从第二段第二句可知,参加实验的有43人。因此题干内容正确,故选A。
18.B。题干:试验中,处于癌症早期的患者恢复得更快。从第二段最后两句可知,癌症晚期的患者注射疫苗后有很大变化,癌症早期的没有多大起色。因此题干内容有误,故选B。
19.C。题干:所有患者都来自达拉斯。从第一段第二句可知,疫苗是达拉斯一所大学的医疗中心研究出来的,但并没有提到患者来自哪里。因此答案为C。
20.B。题干:每个患者注射的都是一样的疫苗。从第三段前两句可知每支疫苗都是根据患者的免疫系统(immune system)研究出来的,所以疫苗是不同的。因此题干内容有误,故选B。
21.A。题干:疫苗激活了免疫系统。从第三段第三句可知,它能刺激(stimulate)人体的免疫系统,然后识别癌症细胞是有害的,继而攻击和破坏这些癌细胞。因此题干内容正确,故选A。
22.A。题干:疫苗可能在治疗其他癌症上发挥作用。根据文章第一段“…cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress ofthe disease in others.”和第四段最后一句“It offers great hope for the treatment of cancer in general,although further studies are needed before such treatment can be widely used.”可知,题干叙述正确,故选A。
★ 考研英语学习计划
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