透析中考英语语法主谓一致考点(推荐6篇)由网友“林高远林高远走高飞”投稿提供,以下是小编整理过的透析中考英语语法主谓一致考点,仅供参考,希望能够帮助到大家。
篇1:透析中考英语语法主谓一致考点
【语法概说】
【主谓一致命题趋势与预测】
根据对主谓一致部分全国各地试题的分析可知,今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为:
1、 主谓一致的语法一致原则
2、 主谓一致的整体一致原则
3、 主谓一致的就近一致原则
4、 主谓一致的意义一致原则
5、 主谓一致的附加原则
【考点诠释】
一、由or, either... or... , neither... nor... , not only...but also... , whether...or...等连接并列主语时,常采用就近原则,动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。
【考例】Not only Jim but also his sister ______a few cities in the south since they came to China.[临沂市]
A.will visit B. has visited C.have visited D .visited
[答案]B .[解析]本题既考查时态,又考查并列连词not only...but also的用法。由时间状语since they came to China,可判断用现在完成时,排除A、D两项;not only...but also连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词要用“就近原则。
Neither Jim nor his cousins _______to America, but _____of them know the country very well. [潍坊市]
A.have been;a11 B. have been; both C has been; all D.has been; both
[答案]B.[解析]考查neither...nor的用法,以及both与all的区别。neither…nor连接两个主语时,谓语用“就近原则”,cousins是复数,谓语用have been,排除C和D项;指两者用both。
二、 the number of + 复数名词,主语是the number(数量),谓语动词用单数;a number of +复数名词,主语是复数名词,a number of作定语, 相当于many,谓语动词用复数。
【考例】Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (包头)
A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers
C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers
答案:A。该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念,因此谓语动词应用复数形式。(deer单复数相同)
The number of ________ in our class ________ fifty. (2004山东烟台)
A. student, is B. the students, are C. the students, is D. students, are
[答案]: C
[命题立意]:本题考查主谓一致的用法。
[试题解析]:the number of 后接复数名词,作主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选C。
三、动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
【考例】As the saying ________,“Where there is a will; there is a way. ”[昆明市]
A. go B. goes C. going D. went
[答案]B.[解析] the saying为第三人称单数形式,所以谓语动词用goes。
但what从句作主语而表语是复数时,谓语动词常用复数。
What we badly need here are experienced teachers. 我们这里急需的是有经验的教师。
四、and连接的两个单数名词作主语。
【考例】 Trees and flowers ________every year to make our country more beautiful. [陕西省]
A. is planted B. was planted C. are planted D. were planted
[答案]C.[解析] every year说明本句表示的是一般现在时的概念,去掉B、D项;trees and flowers表达复数意义,所以选C项。
五、表示时间、距离、金钱、体积或数字等的词语作主语且表示总量时,谓语动词用单数。
【考例】
---How much ________the shoes?
---Five dollars_________ enough. [年青岛市]
A.is;is B are;is C.are;are D.is;are
[答案]B .[解析] 答案为B。shoes作主语时,谓语动词应用复数形式;five dollars是一个整体,应按单数对待。
How time flies! Ten years ________ passed. (2004天津)
A. have B. has C. is D. are
答案:B。该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
六、就近原则
--There__________ no milk in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick?
--All right, Mum. [福州市]
A. is B. are C. was D. were
[答案]A.[解析]本题考查“there be”句型中be的数及时态,be在数上要与最近的主语保持一致.句子的主语是不可数名词,所以be应使用单数形式,B、D两项可以排除。
Not only Jim but also his sister ______a few cities in the south since they came to China.[07临沂市]
A.will visit B. has visited C.have visited D .visited
[答案]B .[解析]本题既考查时态,又考查并列连词not only...but also的用法。由时间状语since they came to China,可判断用现在完成时,排除A、D两项;not only...but also连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词要用“就近原则。
Neither Jim nor his cousins _______to America, but _____of them know the country very well. [07年潍坊市]
A.have been;a11 B. have been; both C has been; all D.has been; both
[答案]B.[解析]考查neither...nor的用法,以及both与all的区别。neither…nor连接两个主语时,谓语用“就近原则”,cousins是复数,谓语用have been,排除C和D项;指两者用both。
【语法回顾】
主谓一致
1. 语法一致的原则
2. 意义一致的原则
3. 邻近一致的原则
谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
在英语中,谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上同主语保持一致,叫做主谓一致。通常采用下列三个原则来处理,即:语法形式一致的原则、逻辑意义一致的原则、就近(或毗邻)一致的原则。
一、语法形式一致的原则,即在语法形式上取得一致。如:主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也采用复数形式。但须注意下列几种情况:
1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 例如:
Much land has been deserted in this area in the past few years.在过去的几年中,这个地区的许多土地已经沙化。
To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage.开始吸烟很容易,但是要戒烟却需要勇气。
Reading English newspapers is a good way of improving you English. 阅读英文报纸是提高你英语水平的好方法。
What you need most is to have a good sleep.你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。
How you can get there is a problem. 你怎么到那儿去还是个问题。
[注意:]由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。但若表语是“复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构”时,主句的谓语动词用复数 。例如:
What I bought were three English books.我买的是三本英语书。
What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.我所说的和做的对你是有帮助的。
2、由and 或both...and来连接并列主语时,谓语用复数。例如:
Swimming and walking are good exercises.游泳和散步都是好运动。
He and I were classmates when we were at college.他和我在上大学时是同学。
Both John and Ann have got pen-friends.约翰和安都有笔友。
Both Zhou Lan and Yang Pei like sports.周兰和杨蓓都爱好体育。
[注意]1)但是,并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式(这时and后的名词前没有冠词)。例如:
The manager and secretary was absent at the meeting.经理兼书记没有出席会议。
The manager and the secretary are busy now.经理和书记现在都很忙。
Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li.他们的老师和朋友是李先生。
2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no, each, every或many a ,more than one修饰时,其谓语动词用单数形式。 例如:
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.在我们国家里,每个男孩和女孩都有权利受教育。
Each man and each woman is asked to help. 每个男士和妇女都被请来帮忙。
Many a student is having practice in that factory. 许多学生正在那家工厂实习。
More than one student is interested in the book.不止一个学生对这本书感兴趣。
[注意] 在“more than one+单数名词”作主语时,若在There be句型中,亦可用复数。 如:
There is/are more than one man here. 这儿不止一个人。
3、如果主语是单数,尽管后面跟有(together) with, as well as, like, but, except, besides,including, no less than, rather than ,as much as,more than,along with in addition to等介词短语,其谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,则谓语动词也用复数。例如:
An English teacher together with some students has climbed to the top of the mountain.一位英语老师和几个学生已经爬到了山顶。
Mary as well as her friends likes this painting.玛丽和她的朋友都喜欢这幅画。
No one except my close friends knows anything about this matter.除了我的亲密朋友谁也不知道这件事。
She, like you and Tom, is very tall.像你和汤姆那样她很高。
4、不定代词each, either, neither 和由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 例如:
Each (of us) takes a cup of coffee.(我们)每人喝一杯咖啡。
Everyone knows smoking cigarettes is bad for health.大家都知道吸烟不利于身体健康。
Nothing is to be done 没有什么要干的事。
Everybody obeys the school rules; anybody who breaks the rules is punished.每个人必须遵守学校规则,任何人违反了规则将受到惩罚。
2)若后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。例如:
None of the sugar was left.没有剩下什么糖了。
None of us has (have) been to America.我们中没有人去过美国。
5.不定代词none 以及由”none/either/neither+of+复数合词(或代词)“构成的短语作主语时,谓语用单复数均可,这取决于说话人的意思。当说话人着眼于“每一个都不.......”或“两个中的任何一个都不.......”时,谓语动词用单数;当说话者着眼于“所有的都不.......”或“两个中的全部都不.......”时,谓语动词用复数。例如:
None know when that was. (强调所有的人) 没人知道这是什么时候的事。
None is so good as he.(强调每一个人) 没有人像他那么好。
None of them have / has a car.他们都没有小汽车。(他们没有一个人有小汽车。)
Neither of them know / knows the answer.他们两个全都不知道答案。(他们两个人谁也不知道答案。)
Neither of the article is (are ) interesting.其中没有哪篇文章有趣。
Neither of them have replied. 他们两个谁也没有答复。
Neither of them has replied. 他们两个谁也没有答复。
5、在定语从句中,关系代词that,who,which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数,应与句中先行词的数一致。例如:
It sounded like a train which/that was going under my house.那声音听起来就像有一列火车从我的房子底下开过似的。
People who study the think that there will be another big one soon.研究地震的人认为不久将还有一次大的地震。
The horse which is tied to the tree belongs to John.拴在树上的那匹马是约翰的。
Those who want to go on a journey please sign your name here.要去旅游的请把名字签在这儿。
Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.被人类使用的一些能源来自太阳。
[注意]在以“one of the+复数名词”为先行词的定语从句中,关系代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;但如果“one of the+复数名词”这个结构前有the only之类的修饰语时,其从句的谓语动词用单数。 例如:
This is one of the questions that have been asked by the students.这是学生提出的许多问题的一个。
Bob is one of my friends who are helping me with English.鲍勃是帮助我英语的朋友之一。
He is the only one of the officers who was invited to the ball here. 他是办公室唯一收到邀请参加舞会的人。
The head master is the only one of the teachers who knows Esperanton.校长是老师中唯一懂得世界语的人。
6、“a lot of (lots of, plenty of, a head of, heaps of, the rest(majority) of ,some
(many,anymore,most, all等)of++名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词(短语)保持一致。例如:
Some of us do not know much about the theatre.我们中有一些人还不太懂得戏剧。
Some (of the sugar) is wet. 有些(糖)是湿的。
Most of the students in our class are league. 我们班上大多数学生是团员。
Most of the food tastes delicious. 大多数食物味道很好。
Half of the work is left unfinished.一半的工作没有完成。
Half of the apples are given to the children.一半的苹果送给孩子们。
Lots of damage was caused by smoking.许多损害是由吸烟引起的。
Plenty of English books are on the shelf.许多英语书在书架上。
注意:1)all单独作主语表示“人”时,谓语用复数;表示“整个事件或事情”时,谓语用单数。 如:
All are present. 所有的人都出席了。(表人)
All is well. 一切都好。 (表示整个事情或情况)
2)“a number of+复数名词 ”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“The number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
A large number of buildings were burnt down.许多楼房被毁了。
A number of students in our class are out by the lake.我们班有些学生到湖边去了。
The number of students in our school is 2500.我们学校的学生人数是2500名。
The number of books on women published in China is growing.在中国,有关妇女书籍出版数目在增加。
The number of wagging dances per minute told the exact distance to the feeding place.每分钟摆尾的次数表明了到喂食处的精确距离。
7、由“分数或百分数+of +名词(或代词)”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词(短语)保持一致。例如:
Two thirds of the country is dry or desert.这个国家的三分之二的地方气候干燥或者是沙漠地区。
Two thirds of the people present are against the plan.在场的三分之二的人反对这个计划。
More than 70 percent of the surface of our earth is covered by water.我们地球的70%的表面被水所覆盖。
30 percent of the students in our class are girls.我们班的30%是女生。
8、 如果主语是由“a kind of, 或this/that kind of, a series ( a species) of ,a pair of等 + 名词”构成谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如:
This kind of men is dangerous.这种人是危险的。
Is this kind of car made in Shanghai ?这种汽车是上海制造的吗?
There is a kind of rose in his garden.他的花园里有玫瑰花。
This kind of apple/apples is rather expensive. 这种苹果相当贵。
That kind of snake/snakes is dangerous. 那种蛇很危险。
[注意]但”there/those kinds of+复数名词"作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。 如:
There kinds of tests are good . 这种测试很好。
Those kinds of apple trees have not yet grown up. 那种苹果树还没有长。
如果种类不是一种而是多种,谓语动词应为复数。例如 :
There are many kinds of pears.有很多种梨子。
二、逻辑意义一致原则,即谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的内在涵义。常见的有以下几种情况:
1、表示总称意义形单意复的名词,如people, police, cattle 等作主语时,只当作复数看待,谓语在任何情况下都用复数。如:
Cattle are one cause of the problem.造成戈壁滩的原因之一是牲畜问题。
The police are searching for a murderer in that mountain.警察正在山中搜寻一名杀人犯。
2、以集体名词army, class, enemy, family, government, group, team,crew,crowd,public等集体名词作主语时,谓语应视其情况而用不同形式:当作主语被看作一个整体时,谓语用单数,如果被看成是其中的个体成员时,谓语就用复数。如:
Our class is better than any other classes at playing basketball in our school. 在打篮球方面,我们班胜过我们学校的任何一个班。
Our class are playing a basketball match tomorrow. 我们班同学明天要举行一场篮球赛。
Our family is not poor any more. 我们家已经不再贫困了。
My family all speak the Intuit language.我一家人都讲因努伊特语。
[注意]population 单独使用作主语时,谓语动词用单数;而前面有some, most 或与分数、百分数连用作主语时,则谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
Most of the population of the city are workers.这个城市人口的大多数是工人。
One third of the population now smoke.三分之一的人口在吸烟。
The population in our country is very large, and eighty percent of the population are farmers.我们国家人口众多,而80%的人口是农民。
3、当一些有两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式,如glasses, trousers(裤子), shoes ,chopsticks(筷子),goods(货物),scissors(剪刀),socks, compasses(圆规) ,但如果这些名词前有a pair of,等量词修饰时,(clothes被修饰a suit of),谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如:
Your trousers need washing. 你的裤子该洗了。
My glasses are new. 我的眼镜是新的。
A pair of compass is an instrument for drawing circles.圆规是画圆的工具。
A pair of new shoes is in your suitcase.一双新鞋在你的手提箱里。
Two pairs of socks are enough for me. 对我来说,两双袜子就足够了。
4、由“pair, piece of +名词 / 代词”作主语时,谓语动词与pair, piece等词保持一致与后的代词、名词无关。例如:
There is a pair of shoes left.只剩下一双鞋。
The pieces of stone were then carried to the new place for the temple.所有的石块被运到新建寺庙的地方。
5、当表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值等数词短语作主语,根据意义一致原则,通常被看作一个整体,其谓语用单数。 如:
Twenty years is a long time to us. 对于我们来说,是一段很长的时间。
One thousand pounds is a lot of money. 一千英镑是很大一笔钱。
6.某些形复意单的名词(如表示人名、地名、国名及组织、书籍、报刊等名称的专有名词和学科名词等)作主语,谓语用单数。 如:
Zhangjiajie is really a good place which is famous for its beautiful mountains.张家界的确是个好地方,它是以美丽的山而闻名的
Physics is a difficult subject to learn, I think. 我想,物理是一门难学的目。
The United States is in North America. 美国在北美洲。
News is travelling fast nowadays. 如今新闻播得很快。
The American film True Lies was directed by a world-famous director.美国影片《真实的谎言》是由一位世界著名的导演导演的。
7、如果主语由“the+形容词(分词)”担任时,往往根据意义一致原则,来决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。如果表示一类人时,谓语动用复数形式;如果指个人或抽象概念时,则谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
The old is taken good care of in our country. 在我们国家老人受到很好的照顾。
The sick is one of the students in our class. 那位病人是我们班的一个学生。
The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。
8、名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况,一般只指商店、公共建筑物、住宅等,作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。例如:
The baker's is on the side of the street.理发馆在街道的另一边。
My uncle's is not very far from here.我叔叔的家离这儿不太远。
9、数词作主语时,谓语用单数,但有四则运算中,谓语单、复数均可。如:
Ten is a round number. 十是个整数。
Ten times five is / are fifty. 十乘五等于五十。
Three hundred and forty plus six hundred and sixty is / are one thousand.340 加660等于1000。
10.疑问代词who, what, which作主语时,谓语动词的形式取决于它产本身的含义。如:
Who teaches you English? 谁教你们英语?
Who have gone there? 谁都已经去那儿了?
Which is your room? 哪一间是你的房子?
Which are your rooms? 哪几间是你的房子?
11、表示数量的短语“one and a half+名词复数”及“a+单数名词+and+a half”作主语时,谓语用单数。如:
One and a half oranges has been left on the table. 桌子上只剩下一个半桔了。
A month and a half has passed. 一个半月时间过去了。
12.某些单数同形的名词作主语时,依照意义一致的原则,表示单数意义时,谓语动词用单数;反之谓语动词则用复数形式。这类名词有:sheep,deer, fish,means(方法、手段)species (种类) -ance及以-ese/-ss结尾的表示民族的名词等)。例如:
One day this white sheep was lost. 有一天,这只白色的绵羊丢了。
There are many fish in the Jia Ling River. 嘉陵江时有很多鱼。
A Japanese is coming to visit our school tomorrow.明天有个日本人要来参观我们学校。
We Chinese are realizing the four modernizations. 我们中国人正在实现四个现代化。
三、就近一致原则,即谓语动词的数随最近的主语而定,又称为毗邻一致原则。例如:
1、当or,either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also...,not...but....,whether...or...等连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于最靠近于它的名词或代词。例如:
Either you or Lily is to do the cleaning after supper. 不是该你,就是该莉莉在晚饭后打扫卫生。
Not only the mother but also the children were there.不但母亲在那里,而且孩子们也在那里。
2、在倒装句中如一个句子由there 或here引起,而主语又不止一个,谓语动词往往与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。例如:
Where is your mother and younger sisters? 你的母亲和妹妹们在哪儿?
There is a desk a table and three chairs in the room. 房间里有一张书桌,一张桌子和三把椅子.
【语法过关】
1.How time flies! Ten years ________ passed.
A. have B. has C. is D. are
2.Not only his parents but also his brother ________ to the Summer Palace. They haven’t been back.
A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone
3.Neither my father ________ going to see the patient.
A. nor I am B. nor I are C. or me are D. or me is
4.Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (2004包头)
A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers
5.The number of ________ in our class ________ fifty.
A. student, is B. the students, are C. the students, is D. students, are
6.The number of the students in our class _____ 54.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
7.Not only I but also Jane and Mary________ tired of having one examination after another.
A.is B.are C.am D.be
8.A library with five thousand books ____to the nation as a gift.
A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered
9.When and where to build the new factory _________yet.
A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided
10.The number of people invited __fifty, but a number of them ______absent for different reasons.
A.were,was B.was, was C.was,were D.were.were
11.Between the two buildings __________a monument.
A.is standing B.standing C.stands D.stand
12.Many a student ___that mistake before.
A.had made B.has been made C.have made D. has made
13.None of the money ____his.
A.is B.are C.belongs D.were
14.About three-fifths of the work ________done yesterday.
A.had B.was C.were D.have
15. Neither your sister nor mine _______the good news.Let's tell them.
A.know B knows C.knew
【参考答案】
1.B.[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
2.D.[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。如果由not only…but also连接两个并列主语,其谓语动词同相邻的
主语保持一致,谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来,所以用has gone而不用has been。
3.A.[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。Neither…nor是一组连词,可连接连个并列主语,其谓语动词应同靠近的主语I保持一致, 因此应选A。
4.A.[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念,因此谓语动词应用复数形式。(deer单复数相同)
5.C.[解析]本题考查主谓一致的用法。the number of 后接复数名词,作主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选C。
6.A.[解析]本题考查主谓一致的用法。the number of 后接复数名词,作主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选A。7.B。“不仅是我而且简和玛莉都已厌烦了一个接着一个的考试。”not only…需用到就近原则,but also之后又是两个人,是复数。故选B。
8.A.[解析] “一座藏书量是5000册的图书馆作为礼物送给了那个国家。”要找出这句话的主说是a library还是books,根据主谓一致原则with后面的短语是修饰、补充主语的情况的,故主语应是a library,又因为此题是被动语态,因此选择A。
9.A.[解析] “还未决定何时何地建设新工厂。”“两个并列连词+主语+谓语”作主语看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数,根据题意又应用被动语态,故选A。
10.C.[解析] “邀请人的数目是50人,但是许多人由于各种原因都缺席了。”“the number of+复数名词”意为“……的数量”,作主语,谓语动词用单数;“a number of+复数名词”意为“许多”,作主语,谓语动词用复数。
11.C.[解析] “一座纪念碑耸立在两楼之间。”倒装句的谓语动词要与后面的主语保持一致。
12.D.[解析] “许多学生以前就犯过这种错误。”“many a”虽然表达复数概念,意为“许多”,但当它作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
13.A.[解析] “钱都不属于他。”none作主语,谓语动词单复数都可,但这里的money为不可数名词,因此用单数形式为好,而belong to才是“属于”的意思,所以选A。
14.B.[解析] “昨天做了大约3/5的工作。”主语含有分数,百分比等等,谓语动词要根据其后面的名词而定,是不可数名词和单数可数名词,谓语动词用单数,是复数名词,谓语动词用复数。
15.B.[解析]句中的主语是your sister和mine,由并列连词neither…nor连在一起,所以谓语动词要与后一个主语mine相一致,这里mine指my sister。
篇2:主谓一致考点
知识点:
在英语学习中,同学们会逐渐发现随着学习的不断深入,能够充当主语的成分也越来越多,除了常见的名词、代词,还有非谓语、句子等等,那么如何使这些主语和它的谓语动词保持性、数上的一致就成了我们英语学习中的一个重要课题,也是历来高考拟题关注的热点。现总结主谓一致的几点原则如下:
<一>就近原则
1. 由并列结构或连词(either…or, neither…nor,not…but, not only…but also, or等)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。
例句:Neither his parents nor Tom is at home. Tom和他的父母都不在家。
Note:“either…or, neither…nor, or”连接的两个主语若是一单一复,最好将复数主词放在后面而接复数动词。
2. 在倒装句和there be句型中,谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。
例句:There is a book and some pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。
There comes the bus. 汽车来了。
3. 在定语从句中,关系代词作主语,其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。
例句:I know the man who is talking to my father.我认识那个正在和我父亲谈话的人。
4. 在强调句中,连接代词又在句中作主语,这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。
例句:It is Mary’s brother who was injured in the car accident. 是Mary的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。
二>意义一致原则
1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with,with,as well as,together with, no less than,besides,except, but, including等短语时,谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰,依然和主语保持一致。
例句:I, along with my sister, am going to Shanghai next month. 我,还有我姐姐,打算下个月去上海。
2. 英语中有一类单、复数同型的词(people,means,sheep,deer,fish等),其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。
例句:All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.这个国家的人都已经为大变革做好了准备。
3. 多数情况下,由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时,其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。
例句:What I want to say is just “ Take care!”.我只想说:“多保重!”
4. 当主语与all, none, any,some等不定代词、形容词连用时,应根据具体句意,来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。
例句:All I know about this company is what he told me yesterday.我对这家公司的了解都是昨天完他告诉我的。
5. “…+ (of) +名词”结构描述数量时,如果“of”后的名词为单数(不可数名词),则谓语动词用单数,如果名词为复数,则谓语动词用复数。
例句:Most of the water here is clean.大部分的水是干净的。
80% cotton has been sent to America.80%的棉花已经被送往美国。
Half of the apples are red.有一半儿的苹果是红的。
6. 词组“a number of, a great/good many, a group of +可数名词复数”的结构作主语时,谓语动词应用复数;如果冠词a变为the,则谓语动词用单数。
例句: A number of ancient buildings are destroyed in the war.许多的古代建筑在战争中被毁。
The number of the visitors has decreased this year. 游客的数量今年减少了。
7. 英语的集体名词(committee, crowd, family, public, group, party, team, class, club, company, union等词),指代“整体”时为单数;指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。
例句:My family was very poor when I was a little girl.当我还是一个小女孩儿的时候,我家很穷。
My family are all looking forward for your coming. 我的家人都在期待着你的到来
三>整体原则
1. 从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词一律视作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。
例句:When to leave has not been decided.什么时候离开还没有定下来。
Go shopping on Sunday is one of his habits.周日购物是他的一个习惯。
Note:如果主语是两个(或两个以上)的名词性从句,谓语动词常用复数。
例句:What he said and what he did were always different.他所说的和他所做的总是不一样。
2. 如果两个以上的名词组成一个整体概念作主语时,谓语动词须用单数。
例句: The novelist and poet is going to Europe next year.这位小说家兼诗人打算明年去欧洲。
The novelist and the poet are going to Europe next year.小说家和诗人都打算明年去欧洲。
分析:a)句中小说家和诗人the novelist and poet为同一个人,故谓语动词用单数;而b)句中有两个人,一个是小说家the novelist,另一个是诗人the poet。
3. 专用名词,如:书名、剧名、报刊名、国家(组织)名等,通常作单数用。
例句:The United States was found it 1776.美国成立于1776年。
4. 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时,通常被视作整体,谓语动词用单数。
例句:10 minutes is enough.十分钟足够了。
5.加减乘除等数学运算谓语动词通常用单数。
例句:2 times 3 makes 6. 二乘三等于六。
<四>个体原则
1. and连结的两个或多个主语前如果有each, every, no等修饰语时(后面的一个有时也可省略),后面的谓语动词用单数形式。
例句:Every man and every woman is busy at working.每个人都在忙着工作。
2. 英语句中的each, either, neither等词,既可作代词充当主语,又可作形容词修饰主语,这时的谓语动词一律用单数。
例句:Neither of us has been abroad. 我们谁都没出过国。
3. 由some, any every, no构成的复合词(somebody,nobody,everything,anything等)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
例句:Somebody is waiting for you at the school gate.有人在学校门口等你。
4. many a / more than one + 单数名词,一般接单数谓语动词。
例句:Many a man does not understand Einstein’s relativity.许多人不明白爱因斯坦的相对论。
5. “one and a half + 复数名词”作主语,谓语动词一般用单数。
例句:One and a half hours has passed. 一个半小时过去了。
6. 成双成对出现的复数名词(glasses, scissors, shoes, trousers,pants,gloves,stockings等)作主语时,通常谓语动词用复数,但如果前面有a /the pair of;a /the suit of等词语时,则谓语动词要用单数。
例句:A pair of scissors is useful tool for a dressmaker.剪刀是裁缝的重要工具。
7. 以“-s”结尾的“复数”名词(例如;一些学科名词mathematics, physics, politics等),或以“-s”结尾的地点名词、人名等词后面的谓语动词通常用单数。
例句:Mathematics is my favorite subject.数学是我最喜欢的科目。
篇3:中考英语语法复习:主谓一致
谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1. 语法一致的原则
(1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如:
He goes to school early every morning.
The children are playing outside.
To work hard is necessary for a student.
(2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:
Both he and I are right.
Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.
但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如:
His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
The poet and writer has come.
(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
Each man and each woman is asked to help.
(4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。例如:
The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
Nobody but two boys was late for class.
Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.
(5) 一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。例如:
A lot of people are dancing outside.
The police are looking for lost boy.
(6)由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。例如:
Is everybody ready?
Somebody is using the phone.
(7)有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:
Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.
Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.
如果这类名词前用了a pair of等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如:
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
My new pair of socks is on the bed.
2. 意义一致的原则
(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如:
Twenty years is not a long time.
Ten dollars is too dear.
(2)有些集合名词,如family, team等作主语时,如作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员,则用复数。例如:
My family is big one.
My family are watching TV.
(3)不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。例如:
All of the work has been finished.
All of the people have gone.
(4)疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。例如:
Who is your brother?
Who are League members?
(5)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时,其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数,谓语动词用复数:名词是单数,谓语动词用单数。例如:
It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.
Three -fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
(6)half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时,如果所指为复数意义,动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义,动词用单数。例如:
I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.
Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.
(7)由what 引导地主于从句作主语时,通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
What she said is correct.
What she left me are a few old books.
(8)凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语,往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
The dead is a famous person.
3. 邻近一致的原则
(1)由连词or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致。例如:
Either you or I am right.
Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.
(2)在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
There are two apples and one egg in it.
(3)as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。
He as well as I is responsible for it.
不但是我,他对这件事也有责任。
(4)以here开头的句子,其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
Here is a letter and some books for you.
篇4:初中英语语法 主谓一致
初中英语语法 主谓一致
一、主谓一致:主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。 主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语 法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。
语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用 复数形式。
例如:Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。 They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2. 意义一致原则:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。 例如: My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书 20 美元太贵了。
3. 就近一致原则:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。
例如: Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且 他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、 主谓一致常考题型:
1. 单数名词(代词),不可数名词做主语时,谓语用单数形式,复数名词(代词)做主语, 谓语用复数形式。
2. many a+单数名词做主语,意义虽为“许多”,但谓语要用单数形式。 例如: Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。
3. more than one+单数名词做主语,谓语用单数。
例如: More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
4. 表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语做主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。
例如: Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。
Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0 英镑并不太重。
Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0 英里并不是一段很长的距离。 Five minus four is one. 5 减 4 等于 1。
5. 主语是 each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时,谓语动词用单数。
例如: Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。
6. one and a half+复数名词做主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如: One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。
7. 动词不定式,动名词做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:To see is to believe 眼见为实。
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。
8. a/an+单数名词+or two 做主语,谓语动词用单数。
例如:A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。
9. 当主语部分含有 with,together with,along with,as well as,besides,except,but,like 等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如: Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
10. 由 and 连接的两个单数名词做主语时,一般用复数形式,但 and 所连接的并列主语是同一个人、事物或概念时,谓语动词用单数。
这两种情况区分如下: a/the+单数名词+and+ 单数名词,指的是同一个人或物; a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词,指两个人或物。
例如:The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)
The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
11. people, police 等集体名词做主语,谓语动词用复数形式,family, class, group, team 等集体名词做主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,若指一个具体成员时,谓语动词复数形式。
例如:People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。
His family isn’t large. 他家的人不多。
My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。
12. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, nobody, everything, no one, nothing 做主语,谓语动词用单数,
例如:Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗?
Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。
Nobody was in. 没有人在家。
13. each, either, neither, another, the other 做主语,谓语动词用单数。
例如:Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。
14. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如 news, maths, physics 等,
例如: No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
No Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。
15. 由 both„and„ 连接两个单数名词做主语时,谓语动词用复数形式; 由 or, either„or„,neither„nor„,not only„but also„,not„but„,连接两个名词或代词做主语时,根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。
例如: Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.
Not only you but also he is ready to leave.
如果either, each, neither作主语,则动词为单数形式。
初中英语选择题技巧
1、结合语境
结合近几年全国各省市中考英语试题来看,单选题的命题方向越来越注重语境的考查。这类题的特点是,所给的四个选项填入空里,都没有语法错误,所以,同学们只有通过具体的语境分析,才能选择正确答案。
2、情景交际
英语是一门语言学习的学科,学习的目的在于英语。由此,情景交际也就很自然的成为单项选择题的热点。现在的中考单选题“语境与情景”是命题者命题的主要指导思想。所以,同学们在解答这类题的时候一定要在具体的情景下使用正确合适的应答。
3、习惯搭配
单选题经常会考查一些固定短语、固定结构和习惯用法等。对于这类题,就需要同学们在平时的学习中注意积累这方面的知识点,遇到这类题,在理解句子意思的基础上,根据习惯搭配就可以直接选择答案。习惯搭配是解答单选题的捷径。
4、找关键词
有的单选题,在题干中会有一些有利于我们解题的关键词,抓住这些关键词会使我们的问题迎刃而解。这些关键词是我们解题的突破口。
5、分析近义词
在英语的选择题中,会有很多近义词辨析这样的题。这对于同学们来说是很容易丢分的题。做这类题,需要大家学会区别它们的用法,学会分析。:
6、生活常识
有的时候在单选题中会出现一些关于政治、历史、地理、风俗习惯、科技等一些常识的考题。在解这类题的时候,我们就需要借助生活经验以及相关的学科知识来进行推理。
本次整理就到这里啦,祝大家在考试中能金榜题名!
篇5:中考英语主谓一致考点分析
纵观近年来全国各地中考英语试题,我们可以发现中考对主谓一致的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:
一、根据主语的单复数和可数性考查主谓一致
如果用作主语的名词或代词是单数,则谓语动词用单数;如果用作主语的名词或代词是复数,则谓语动词用复数;如果用作主语的名词是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数。
【真题链接1】(重庆B卷) —How many people are there in your group?
—Four. Three boys ______ in our group.
A. is B. are
C. were D. was
【解析】选B。句子主语Three boys为复数名词,故谓语动词要用复数;根据语境可知,答句谓语要用一般现在时,故空格处应填are。
【真题链接2】(20郴州卷) —What would you like, coffee or tea?
—Either ______ OK. I dont mind.
A. is B. are
C. was
【解析】选A。either用作代词,意为“两者中的任何一个”,在句中做主语时,谓语动词用单数;根据语境可知,空格处要用一般现在时,故填is。
【真题链接3】(年黄石卷) The writer and speaker ______ a speech on Chinese culture in the hall now.
A. are giving B. is giving
C. will give D. has given
【解析】选B。the writer and speaker意为“这位作家兼演说家”,指的是同一个人,由时间状语now可知,该句用现在进行时态,故空格处应填is giving。
【真题链接4】(德阳卷) —Physics ______ more difficult than Chinese, do you think so?
—Yes, I think so.
A. is B. are
C. have D. has
【解析】选A。句子主语Physics意为“物理”,在这里指一门学科。虽然主语形式上是复数,但表示的是单数意义,故谓语动词用单数;再根据句意可知,空格处应用系动词,故填is。
二、考查“名词+介词短语”用作主语时的主谓一致
介词短语一般不用作主语,因此,当“名词+介词短语”处于主语位置时,其后的谓语动词只与其中的名词有关而与介词短语无关。如a teacher with his students做主语时,谓语动词只与a teacher保持一致,而与with his students无关。
【真题链接1】(2015年泰安卷) Everybody except Mike and Linda ______ there when the meeting began.
A. is B. are
C. was D. were
【解析】选C。句子的真正主语是Everybody,而不是except Mike and Linda,谓语动词用单数形式;根据when引导的时间状语从句的时态可知,该句用一般过去时。
【真题链接2】(2015年安顺卷) Mary with her parents often ______ for a walk in the park after supper.
A. go B. is going
C. are going D. goes
【解析】选D。句子主语是Mary,为单数,故可排除A、B两项;由频度副词often可知,该句用一般现在时。
【真题链接3】(2015年攀枝花卷) The girl, as well as her parents, ______ to the park, and all of them ______ very happy.
A. go; are B. goes; feels
C. went; are D. goes; feel
【解析】选D。这是一个由and连接的并列句,根据语境,前后分句均用一般现在时。其中,第一个分句的主语是The girl,为单数,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式goes;第二个分句的主语是all of them,为复数,故谓语动词用复数形式feel。
三、考查整体中的部分做主语时的主谓一致
若一个短语表示的是整体中的部分,当用作主语时,其后的谓语只与其中的“部分”保持一致,而与“整体”无关。如one of the boys做主语时,谓语动词与one有关,而与the boys无关。
【真题链接1】(20衢州卷) One of my friends ______ moved to America. I miss her so much.
A. has B. have
C. is D. are
【解析】选A。处于主语位置的one of my friends属于表示“整体中的部分”的短语,其后谓语动词只与表示“部分”的one保持一致,而与表示“整体”的my friends无关,故可排除B、D两项;再根据句意,应该是指“已经去了美国”,而不是“被移到了美国”,故用现在完成时。
【真题链接2】(南通卷) Each of the club members ______ ready to help those who were in trouble.
A. is B. are
C. was D. were
【解析】选C。句子谓语与Each保持一致,而与the club members无关,故可排除B、D两项;再根据其后定语从句的时态可知,句子谈论的是过去情况,故用一般过去时。
四、考查倒装句中的主谓一致
对倒装句而言,位于句首主语位置的成分并非是句子的主语,此时需根据句子意思和句式特点找出句子真正的主语,从而确定句子谓语动词的形式。
【真题链接】(20烟台卷) Between the two hills ______ a deep river.
A. are B. have
C. has D. is
【解析】选D。根据英语语法,介词短语不用作句子主语,所以当介词短语位于主语位置时,应考虑此句是否是倒装句。本句即属倒装句,真正的主语是a deep river,故空格处应填is。
五、考查并列成分做主语时的主谓一致
对于并列成分做主语的主谓一致问题,同学们应注意以下两类结构:
1. 当and和both ... and ...连接的两个并列成分做主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。
2. 当either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ... 连接的两个并列成分做主语时,谓语动词通常与其最靠近的主语保持一致。
【真题链接1】(年广东卷) —Both Li Lei and Han Meimei ______ fond of the TV program “A Bite of China”.
—I am also deeply moved by its stories!
A. is B. am
C. was D. are
【解析】选D。both ... and ... 连接两个并列成分做主语时,谓语动词要用复数,故可排除A、B和C三项。
【真题链接2】(2015年安顺卷) —What would you like to have for supper?
—Either noodles or rice ______ OK. I dont mind.
A. are B. were
C. is D. was
【解析】选C。either ... or ... 连接并列成分做主语时,其后的谓语动词与or后的主语保持一致,故可排除A、B两项;根据问句使用的是一般现在时可知,答句也应用一般现在时。
【真题链接3】(2015年呼和浩特卷) Neither the headmaster nor the teachers ______ take a vacation next week.
A. were going toB. is going to
C. was going to D. are going to
【解析】选D。当neither ... nor ... 连接并列成分做主语时,其后谓语与nor后的主语保持一致,故可排除B、C两项;根据句中时间状语next week可知,该句谓语动词用一般将来时。
【真题链接4】(年绥化卷) This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I ______ good at drawing.
A. is B. am
C. are D. were
【解析】选B。当not only ... but also ... 连接两个并列成分做主语时,其后谓语动词与but also后的主语I保持一致,故谓语动词用am。
六、考查a number of ... 和the number of ... 做主语时的主谓一致
a number of ... 意为“许多、若干”,若用作主语,其后的谓语动词用复数;the number of ... 意为“……的数量”,若用作主语,其后的谓语动词用单数。
【真题链接1】(2015年益阳卷) —How many women doctors are there in your hospital?
—______ them ______ over twenty.
A. A number of; are
B. The number of; are
C. The number of; is
【解析】选C。句意为:——你们医院有多少名医生?——20多名。the number of ...意为“……的数量”,做主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
【真题链接2】(2015年南充卷) The number of the volunteers ______ 100 now. And a small number of them ______ already gone to the workplace.
A. is; have B. are; have
C. is; are D. is; has
【解析】选A。the number of ... 做主语时,其后的谓语动词用单数,故第一空填is;a number of做主语时,其后的谓语动词用复数,又因为该句是现在完成时,故第二空填have。
七、考查there be句式中的主谓一致
在there be句式中,动词be不仅有时态上的变化,而且有单复数的变化。确定其时态的方法是看句子意思和句中的时间状语或其他相关时态;确定其单复数的方法是看与动词be最靠近的名词是单数还是复数。
【真题链接1】(2015年绥化卷) There ______ little milk in the fridge. Lets go and buy some.
A. has B. is
C. are
【解析】选B。there be句式中的be动词与其后所接的名词保持一致,句中milk是不可数名词,故谓语动词用is。
【真题链接2】(2015年广东卷) —______ there any living things on other planets?
—I have no idea. Maybe we can know more about that in the future.
A. Is B. Are
C. Has D. Have
【解析】选B。我们不难确定本题考查的是there be句式,可先排除C、D两项;句中living things是复数可数名词,故谓语动词用are。
【真题链接3】(2015年雅安卷) There ______ a bag and some books on the desk just now.
A. are B. is
C. were D. was
【解析】选D。there be句式中be的单复数应遵循“就近原则”,由邻近主语a bag可先排除A、C两项;根据句中时间状语just now可知,该句用一般过去时,故空白处只能填was。
【真题链接4】(2015年东营卷) Police: Whats in your wallet?
Owner: There ______ some money and two tickets for todays e-sports competition.
A. is B. was
C. are D. were
【解析】选A。邻近主语money为不可数名词,可先排除C、D两项;根据上下句语境可知,答句应用一般现在时,故空白处只能填is。
八、考查表示“一段时间”等的名词或短语做主语时的主谓一致
当一段时间(如ten years)、一段距离(如five hundred miles)、一笔钱(如100 dollars)等用作主语时,常将其视为一个整体,其后的谓语动词用单数。
【真题链接1】(2015年绵阳卷) For kids of this age, two hours of sitting in a classroom ______ too long.
A. is B. are
C. was D. were
【解析】选A。主语two hours意为“两个小时”,通常将其视为一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;该句谈论的是一种事实,故选A。
【真题链接2】(2011年广安卷) —How much is the pair of shoes?
—Twenty dollars ______ enough.
A. is B. are
C. am D. have
【解析】选A。主语Twenty dollars在此应看成一个整体,表示单数概念,故谓语动词用is。
九、考查非谓语动词做主语时的主谓一致
当非谓语动词做句子的主语时,谓语动词原则上用单数。同学们做题时要注意,若非谓语动词带有自己的宾语,且宾语为复数形式,此时不要受此影响而误用复数谓语。
【真题链接】(2015年哈尔滨卷) Doing eye exercises ______ one of the useful ways to protect our eyes.
A. is B. are
C. were
【解析】选A。句子主语Doing eye exercises为动名词短语,故谓语动词用单数形式。切忌受Doing的宾语eye exercises的影响而误用复数谓语。
篇6:英语语法之主谓一致解析
英语语法之主谓一致解析
一.概念:
主谓一致是指:
1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,
一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。例如:
There is much water in the thermos.
但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
二.相关精讲
1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,例如:
Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。
注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的`两个词前只有一个冠词。例如:
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。
典型例题
The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案B. 注:先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。
2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则
1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如:
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩,二十三个女孩。
2)当either… or… 与neither… nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如:
Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。
3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致
当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如:
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。
He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。
4. 谓语需用单数的情况
1)代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时,或主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。例如:
Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。
There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。
2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。例如:
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。
3)表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。例如:
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三个星期来做准备。
Ten yuan is enough. 十元够了。
5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数
1)代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如:
All is right. 一切顺利。
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