如何在20分钟内出色完成雅思阅读（整理6篇）由网友“小fa章鱼烧”投稿提供，这次小编给大家整理过的如何在20分钟内出色完成雅思阅读，供大家阅读参考。
篇1：如何在20分钟内出色完成雅思阅读
克服时间障碍 教你20分钟内出色完成雅思阅读
雅思阅读似乎天生就是用来刁难人的：近1000字的学术文章，不认识的单词，需要细细比对的题目……而这一切都要在二十分钟内完成。因此，很多雅思考生抱怨雅思阅读完成时间不够，或者匆匆忙忙做完了正确率太低。实际上，雅思阅读虽然文章长，题目多，但是在二十分钟内做完并且有一个可观的正确率，是完全可以达到的标准。
雅思阅读的时间不够主要源于两个方面：一是文章太长，二是题目涉及的信息点位置分散。对于第一个问题，需要在平时的备考过程中加强训练。这里面主要有两个问题，一是阅读速度慢，二是生单词阻碍了阅读的进度。阅读速度慢的问题只有通过大量阅读来解决。实际上，如果每天给自己一个规定的时间，在这一时间内要求自己必须完成一定字数的阅读，这样天天练习，阅读速度慢慢就会提高。很多时候，阅读的速度不够快和大脑接受英语信息的速度有关系，当大脑需要将英语翻译成汉语才能接受的时候，速度自然就慢了。因此，就需要平时养成英语的思维习惯，比较可行的办法是自己在心里对着自己说话，碰到任何一件有意思的事情，就在心里默默地用英语描述。除此以外，也可以找一份与雅思阅读难度相当的英语材料，每天大声快速的朗读，以此来训练自己快速接受英语信息的能力。应对生单词，则要有两手准备：一是平时阅读的时候多积累单词、看见不认识的单词，当时就记录下来并且反复复习;二是在考试中如果遇到了生词，不要慌张，一般而言都不影响理解，将它当作一个认识的单词就好，或者直接跳过去也未尝不可。但是有时会有关键词不认识的情况，所以，解决这个问题根本还是在平日的积累。
关于题目涉及信息分散的问题，主要通过做题技巧来弥补。通过浏览文章之后，我们在心里应该对文章什么部分讲什么有了一个大概的印象。这种“印象”是做题速度的根本保证。在这个基础上，要掌握一些基本的技巧。首先，雅思的阅读题的顺序通常是与文章相对应的，就是说，前面的题目对应文章的前几段，后面的题目对应文章的后几段，有一定的对应关系，这样，在寻找信息的时候就更能有的放矢，不至于满篇乱找。其次，雅思的阅读题中，比较容易出问题的可能是判断题和段落信息匹配题。判断题要坚持一个基本原则，那就是文章中没有提到的坚决是NOT GIVEN。中国人的思维习惯，认为有所提及，但是没有说到，应该判断为错(FALSE或者NO)，但是，在雅思考试当中，就算文章所说内容与题目有关，但没有出现关键词，也不能认为对。例如9月11日雅思A类考试第三篇文章，判断题中说行星上面可能有水，原文说的是行星被氢气层所环绕。看起来二者相关，但是答案应该是NOT GIVEN，因为并没有提到跟水有关的东西，而题目所陈述的是跟水相关的情况。至于段落信息匹配题，就一定要找出关键词，并和原文进行比对。对于相似的信息，就需要在信息之间首先加以比较，找出分歧的地方，再到文章中去找。这样，就能很容易地找出信息所在段落了。
雅思阅读机经真题解析-What Does the Consumer think?
What Does the Consumer think?
A
MARKETING people are no longer prepared to take your word for it that you favour one product over another. They want to scan your brain to see which one you really prefer. Using the tools of neuroscientists, such as electroencephalogram (EEG) mapping and functional magnetic-resonance imaging (fMRI), they are trying to learn more about the mental, processes behind purchasing decisions. The resulting fusion of neuroscience and marketing is inevitably, being called 'neuromarketing'.
B
The first person to apply brain-imaging technology in this way was Gerry Zaltman of Harvard University, in the late 1990s. The idea remained in obscurity until , when BrightHouse, a marketing consultancy based in Atlanta, Georgia, set up a dedicated neuromarketing arm, BrightHouse Neurostrategies Group. (BrightHouse lists Coca- Cola, Delta Airlines and Home Depot among its clients.) But the company's name may itself simply be an example of clever marketing. BrightHouse does not scan people while showing them specific products or campaign ideas, but bases its work on the results of more general fMRI-based research into consumer preferences and decision-making carried out at Emory University in Atlanta.
C
Can brain scanning really be applied to marketing? The basic principle is not that different from focus groups and other traditional forms of market research. A volunteer lies in an fMRI machine and is shown images or video clips. In place of an interview or questionnaire, the subject's response is evaluated by monitoring brain activity. fMRI provides real-time images of brain activity, in which different areas 'light up' depending on the level of blood flow. This provides clues to the subject's subconscious thought patterns. Neuroscientists know, for example, that the sense of self is associated with an area of the brain known as the medial prefrontal cortex. A flow of blood to that area while the subject is looking at a particular logo suggests that he or she identifies with that brand.
D
At first, it seemed that only companies in Europe were prepared to admit that they used neuromarketing. Two carmakers, DaimlerChrysler in Germany and Ford's European arm, ran pilot studies in . But more recently, American companies have become more open about their use of neuromarketing. Lieberman Research Worldwide, a marketing firm based in Los Angeles, is collaborating with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) to enable movie studios to market- test film trailers. More controversially, the New York Times recently reported that a political consultancy, FKF Research, has been studying the effectiveness of campaign commercials using neuromarketing techniques.
E
Whether all this is any more than a modem-day version of phrenology, the Victorian obsession with linking lumps and bumps in the skull to personality traits, is unclear. There have been no large-scale studies, so scans of a handful of subjects may not be a reliable guide to consumer behaviour in general. Of course, focus groups and surveys are flawed too: strong personalities can steer the outcomes of focus groups, and some people may be untruthful in their responses to opinion pollsters. And even honest people cannot always explain their preferences.
F
That is perhaps where neuromarketing has the most potential. When asked about cola drinks, most people claim to have a favourite brand, but cannot say why they prefer that brand's taste. An unpublished study of attitudes towards two well- known cola drinks, Brand A and Brand B, carried out last year in a college of medicine in the US found that most subjects preferred Brand B in a blind testing — fMRI scanning showed that drinking Brand B lit up a region called the ventral putamen, which is one of the brain's reward centres, far more brightly than Brand A. But when told which drink was which, most subjects said they preferred Brand A, which suggests that its stronger brand outweighs the more pleasant taste of the other drink.
G
People form many unconscious attitudes that are obviously beyond traditional methods that utilise introspection, says Steven Quartz, a neuroscientist at Caltech who is collaborating with Lieberman Research. With over 100 billion dollars spent each year on marketing in America alone, any firm that can more accurately analyse how customers respond to brands could make a fortune.
H
Consumer advocates are wary. Gary Ruskin of Commercial Alert, a lobby group, thinks existing marketing techniques are powerful enough. “Already, marketing is deeply implicated in many serious pathologies”, he says. 'That is especially true of children, who are suffering from an epidemic of marketing-related diseases, including obesity and type-2 diabetes. Neuromarketing is a tool to amplify these trends.' Dr. Quartz counters that neuromarketing techniques could equally be used for benign purposes. 'There are ways to utilise these technologies to create more responsible advertising, he says. Brain- scanning could, for example, be used to determine when people are capable of making free choices, to ensure that advertising falls within those bounds.
I
Another worry is that brain-scanning is an invasion of privacy and that information on the preferences of specific individuals will be misused. But neuromarketing studies rely on small numbers of volunteer subjects, so that seems implausible. Critics also object to the use of medical equipment for frivolous rather than medical purposes. But as Tim Ambler, a neuromarketing researcher at the London Business School, says, 'A tool is a tool, and if the owner of the tool gets a decent rent for hiring it out, then that subsidises the cost of the equipment, and everybody wins.' Perhaps more brain-scanning will some day explain why some people like the idea of neuromarketing, but others do not.
Questions 14-19
Reading Passage 2 has ten paragraphs A-J.
Choose the correct heading for Paragraphs B-G from the list of headings
below. Write the correct number (i-x) in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet
List of Heading
i. A description of the procedure and mechanism
ii. An international research project
iii. An experiment to investigate consumer responses
iv. Marketing with an alternative name
v. A misleading name for business?
vi. A potentially profitable line of research
vii. Medical dangers of the technique
viii. Internal drawbacks to marketing tools
ix. Broadening applications
x. What is neuromarketing?
Example Paragraph A
14 Paragraph B
15 Paragraph C
16 Paragraph D
17 Paragraph E
18 Paragraph F
19 Paragraph G
Questions 20-22
Look at the following people (Questions 20-22) and the list of opinions below. Match each person with the opinion credited to him.
Write the correct letter A-Fin boxes 20-22 on your answer sheet.
20 Steven Quartz
21 Gary Ruskin
22 Tim Ambler
List of opinions
A Neuromarketing could be used to contribute towards the cost of medical technology
B Neuromarketing could use introspection as a tool in marketing research.
C Neuromarketing could be a means of treating medical problems.
D Neuromarketing could make an existing problem worse.
E Neuromarketing could lead to the misuse of medical equipment.
F Neuromarketing could be used to prevent the exploitation of consumers
Questions 23-26
Complete the summary below using words from the passage.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.
Neuromarketing can provide valuable information on attitudes to particular 23 It may be more reliable than surveys, where people can be 24 , or focus groups, where they may be influenced by others. It also allows researchers to identify the subject's 25 thought patterns. However, some people are concerned that it could lead to problems such as an increase in disease among 26
文章题目：What Does the Consumer think ?
篇章结构
体裁
议论
题目
What Does the Consumer think ?
结构
（一句话概括每段大意）
介绍一种用大脑去观察产品喜好的方法
一个B小组应用F MRI去获得信息
怎么从F MRI中获得信息去了一个例子
从之前只有小部分接受到美国大多数人都接受了
同样的他会有一些瑕疵
举例说明有的结果和人们说的不一样
neuroscientists通过精确的分析获得了很多对象
两人对科学技术的不同观点
两种不同定义日后有可能利用这种科技知道为什么会有不同的意见
试题分析
Question 1-。。。
题目类型：
题号
定位词
文中对应点
题目解析
14
V
B段
B段中说BrightHouse 营销公司成立了神经学营销小组，然而该公司的名字显示它并没有扫描人的想法，仅仅是聪明营销的例子，因此选V
15
i
C段
C段描述了大脑扫描的原理和过程，所以选i
16
ix
D段
D段主要说了从起初只有欧洲的公司利用神经学营销，到现在美国的公司也开始着手，说明了神经营销的应用范围领域变广，故选择ix
17
viii
E段
E段说了市场调查方法中存在的一些缺陷，例如接受测试的人太少不足以得出正确的结果等等。因此选择viiii.
18
iii
F段
F段主要说了神经学营销的一个例子——消费者对于两种不同可乐饮料的反馈。 所以选iii.
19
vi
G段
G段说人们对于产品的态度很多都是无意识的。如果能够准确地分析出消费者是如何选择商品的，这将会带来巨大的利益。因此选vi.
20
f
G段
People form many unconscious attitudes that are obviously beyond traditional methods that utilise introspection,says Steven Quartz, a neuroscientist at Caltech who is collaborating with Lieberman Research.
21
d
H段
Consumer advocates are wary. Gary Ruskin of Commercial Alert, a lobby
group, thinks existing marketing techniques are powerful enough.
22
a
I段
But as Tim Ambler, a neuromarketing researcher at the London Business School, says, 'A tool is a tool, and if the owner of the tool gets a decent rent for hiring it out, then that subsidises the cost of the equipment, and everybody wins
23
brands/logo
C段
A flow of blood to that area while the subject is looking at a particular logo suggests that he or she identifies with that brand.
24
Untruthful
A段
They want to scan your brain to see which one you really prefer.
25
Unconcious /subconscious
C段
This provides dues to the subject’s subconscious thought patterns.
26
Children
H段
'Already, marketing is deeply implicated in many serious pathologies“, he says. 'That is especially true of children, who are suffering from an epidemic of marketing-related diseases, including obesity and type-2 diabetes.
参考译文：
消费者在想什么
A
当你说，喜欢一个产品胜过另一个，营销人不再愿意相信你的话，他们想扫描你的大脑来看看你更喜欢哪个（产品）。神经科学家开始使用此类工具，如脑电图（EEG映射和功能性核磁共振成像（fMRI)；他们正试图了解更多关于购买决定背后的心理过程。这样，祌经科学和营销的融合是不可避免的，被称为“神经学营销”。
B
在这个领域第一个应用脑成像技术的是哈佛大学的格里Zaltman(1990年代后期）。这种想法曾经一直默默无闻，直到，坐落在乔治亚州的亚特兰大BrightHouse营销咨询公司成立了一个专门的神经学营销的部门。(BrightHouse在他的客户中选择了可口可乐，三角洲航空公司和家得宝研究。）但从该公司的名字（BrightHouse Neurostrategies集团）看，它可能本身仅仅是聪明营销一个例子。当给人们特定的产品或活动的时候，BrightHouse的研究没有去扫描人的想法，而仅仅（借用或）建立在亚特兰大埃默里大学进行的基于功能核磁共振成像研究消费者的偏好和决策的一般结果。
C
大脑扫描能真正被应用到营销？其实基本原理和其他传统市场研究的焦点和形式并无区别。一个志愿者躺在功能磁共振机和机器显示图像或视频剪辑。不过通过监测评估主体大脑活动的反应来代替一个采访或问卷。功能磁共振成像的大脑活动提供了实时图像，不同地区“点亮“取决于血液水平的流动。这提供了主体侧的潜意识思维模式的线索。神经科学家知道，例如，自我感知的是与大脑称为内侧前前额皮层的区域相关。流向该区域的血液，是測试对象他或她认同这个品牌的一个特定的信号标志。
D
起初，似乎只有欧洲的公司准备承认他们使用神经学营销。两家汽车制造商，德国戴姆勒克莱斯勒和福特的欧洲的子机构，于开始试点研究。但最近，美国公司对于他们使用神经营销学已经变得更加开放。利伯曼的研究(一个总部位于洛杉矶，与加州理工学院合作的营销公司）在世界范围内进行电影制片市场研究——他们测试电影预告片。更有争议的是，《纽约时报》最近报道,政治咨询公司FKF,已经研究竞选广告中使用神经学营销技术的有效性。
E
是否所有这些超出现代版的颅相学-关于维多利亚的痴迷点和头骨个性疙瘩的链接块特征的-的范畴尚不淸楚。因为没有大规模的研究,所以扫描少数受试者可能不是一个消费者行为可靠的一般性指导。当然,焦点小组和问卷调查也存在缺陷：个性强烈的人可以引导关注群体全体的结果；存些民意调查专家们关注群体的反应也可能是不真实的。甚至是诚实的人也不能总是说清楚他们的偏好。
F
这也许是在祌经学营销就最有潜力的领域。当被问及可乐碳酸饮料品牌时,大多数人声称有一个最喜欢的品牌,但不能说出他们为什么喜欢这个品牌。去年，在美国一个医学院进行的关于两个著名的可乐饮料(品牌A和品牌B)消费者态度未发表的研究发现：在盲品测试fMRI扫描时，按照扫描结果，大多数调查对象首选品牌应该是B,饮用品牌B在消费者脑部叫做腹侧核的区域(这是大脑的“奖赏中心”)比品牌A更明亮。但是当告诉这些饮料是哪个,大多数的实验对象说他们更喜欢品牌A,这表明其强大的品牌效应甚至大于其他饮料实际更加愉快的味道。
G
利伯曼研究的合作者，加州理工学院的神经学家Steven Quartz说：人们的态度是来源许多意识的情形，这显然是超出传统的利用内省的方法。仅在美国在营销的花费超过每年一千亿美元，任何可以更准确地分析客户如何选择品牌的公司都可能会发财。
H
消费者保护团体则持谨慎态度。一个游说团体Gary Ruskin of Commercial Alert认为,“现有的营销技术是足够强大,消费者已经深陷其中产生很多流行的病理症状。市场营销中的孩子尤其如此，受害的孩子已产生相关疾病,包括肥胖和2型糖尿病。而神经营销学正是放大这些趋势的一个工具。”但是神经营销学Quartz博士反驳说,技术同样可以用于良性的目的。“人们有办法利用这些技术来创建更负责任的广告,例如大脑-扫描可以被用于划定广告的界限来确保人们能够做出自由选择”。
I
另一个担心是,大脑扫描是一种侵犯隐私行为，这些特定个人的喜好信息会被滥用。但神经营销学的研究依赖于少量的志愿受试者，所以,这似乎有些令人难以有可行性。批评家们也反对医疗设备用于非医学目的“琐碎轻佻的”研究。但伦敦商学院的神经营销学研究员Tim Ambler说,“工具仅是工具,如果（医疗）工具的主人出租这工具取得不错的租金,用于资助的设备的费用,那么人人都是赢家。他还调侃，“也许有一天（医疗）设备对更多的大脑扫描还能解释为什么有些人喜欢神经营销学这个主意,但其他人却不喜欢。”
参考答案：
Version 17101 主题 消费者的思维
14
v
15
i
16
ix
17
viii
18
iii
19
vi
20
F
21
D
22
A
23
brand(s)/logo
24
untruthful
25
unconscious/
subconscious
26
children
篇2：如何40分钟内做完雅思阅读
雅思阅读做不完?如何40分钟内做完雅思阅读?
1、词汇量
阅读速度和单词掌握程度成正比，一个句子中有一半的单词不认识，肯定似懂非懂，免不了再三重复(虽然重复读5遍也不会懂)，自然拉慢了整体阅读速度。怎么有效解决这个问题?
①你至少需要掌握3800个雅思核心词汇;大家都知道扩大词汇量，可是你背了一堆在雅思阅读中很少出现或者甚至不会出现的词，这样无异于在浪费宝贵的备考时间，对阅读分数的提高没有实质帮助。
② 学会整理收集替换词雅思阅读最大的出题点就是同义替换词，这些替换词很善于伪装，这是大家在前期备考需要重点花费时间仔细整理的内容。
单词的重要性强调一万遍也不嫌多，因为总有考鸭想一步登天，单词不到位，你还想要啥自行车?
2、长难句
每篇文章都是由无数句子组成，而能不能读懂长难句，是读顺整篇文章的关键，
单词掌握熟练后，就要提升语法能力，理清句子结构，做到快速提取主谓宾，否则只能一个单词一个单词拼句子。
这就好比，虽然2+2+2+2+2也能算出结果为10，但2.岂不是快速得多?
3、掌握雅思阅读重点句型
转折、并列、因果、定从，对这些相关的语法知识提前学习和了解。
阅读要分清重点和非重点，按照重要性分配时间。一般而言，大多数文章是按照“总—分、分—总，总—分—总”逻辑展开的。
建议大家精读，首段、第二段、最后一段，理清全文逻辑，扫读其余信息。在“首、二、末”三段中同样遵循精读第一句、第二句、最后一句
理清本段主旨，扫读其余信息。一些无关信息，如用于举例的For example，人物头衔、工作单位等等一扫而过即可
4、阅读习惯
文章只读一遍，一遍解决所有问题，不要无意义的重读句子，不要习惯性的来回反复。
当你被某道题绊住时，不要犹疑徘徊，要有当机立断、继续前进的勇气。
同样不要默读文章，它会严重拖累阅读速度
5、保持关键词的敏感度
先看题划关键词，再带着目的开始看原文，更有针对性，效率更高。
阅读原文的时候，对于时间、数字、名词、形容词，保持足够的敏感度。
对于转折句提高警惕，However后，but后，instead后往往能反映作者的真实意图。
6、做题策略
审题(仔细阅读题干要求)
定位(根据题干和选项关键词用笔记定位原文)
理解(包括理解相关原文和选项，对比得出答案)
当然，如果你在考场上，不喜欢做笔记，也可以推荐一个小技巧——
就是先做细节信息题(包括细节匹配题、TFNG 题，填空题);
最后做主旨大意题(Heading 题)
因为当你对整篇文章内容比较了解的时候标题配对题会更加容易。
要想做好雅思阅读部分，就要做好时间的把控，每篇文章要控制在20分钟以内。
最后，建议各位考鸭一定要先把基础打好，踏实把每套真题做透，参考以上的做题方法，在平时的训练中培养良好的做题习惯，在考试中做到更好的发挥。
雅思考试阅读理解备考辅导
NewScientist.com news service
Roxanne Khamsi
New evidence has linked a commonly prescribed sleep medication with bizarre behaviours, including a case in which a woman painted her front door in her sleep.
UK and Australian health agencies have released information about 240 cases of odd occurrences, including sleepwalking, amnesia and hallucinations among people taking the drug zolpidem.
While doctors say that zolpidem can offer much-needed relief for people with sleep disorders, they caution that these newly reported cases should prompt a closer look at its possible side effects.
Zolpidem, sold under the brand names Ambien, Stilnoct and Stilnox, is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea. Various forms of the drug, made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis, were prescribed 674,500 times in in the UK.
A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in . The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strange sleepwalking by people taking the medication.
Midnight snack
In one of these sleepwalking cases a patient woke with a paintbrush in her hand after painting the front door to her house. Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved,” according to the report.
The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, meanwhile, has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005.
The newly reported cases in the UK and Australia add to a growing list of bizarre sleepwalking episodes linked to the drug in other countries, including reports of people sleep-driving while on the medication. In one case, a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.
Hypnotic effects
There is no biological pathway that has been proven to connect zolpidem with these behaviours. The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid. While parts of the brain become less active during deep sleep, the body can still move, making sleepwalking a possibility.
The product information for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects, including hallucinations, sleepwalking and nightmares, are more likely in the elderly, and treatment should be stopped if they occur.
Patient advocacy groups say they would like government health agencies and drug companies to take a closer look at the possible risks associated with sleep medicines. They stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.
“When people do something in which they’re not in full control it’s always a danger,” says Vera Sharav of the New York-based Alliance for Human Research Protection, a US network that advocates responsible and ethical medical research practices.
Tried and tested
“The more reports that come out about the potential side effects of the drug, the more research needs to be done to understand if these are real side effects,” says sleep researcher Kenneth Wright at the University of Colorado in Boulder, US.
Millions of people have taken the drug without experiencing any strange side effects, points out Richard Millman at Brown Medical School, director of the Sleep Disorders Center of Lifespan Hospitals in Providence, Rhode Island, US. He says that unlike older types of sleep medications, zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.
And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linked to zolpidem can be easily explained: some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. Doctors stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.
The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to ”actively investigate“ and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.
The Ambien label currently lists strange behaviour as a “special concern” for people taking the drug. “It’s a possible rare adverse event,” says Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann, adding that the strange sleepwalking behaviours “may not necessarily be caused by the drug” but instead result from an underlying disorder. She says that “the safety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”. The drug received approval in the US in 1993.
Questions 1-6
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?
In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet write
TRUE if the statement is true according to the passage
FALSE if the statement is false according to the passage
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
1. Ambien, Stilnoct and Stilnox are brand names of one same drug treating insomnia.
2. The woman’s obesity problem wasn’t resolved until she stopped taking zolpidem.
3. Zolpidem received approval in the UK in 2001.
4. The bizarre behaviour of a passenger after taking zolpidem resulted in the diversion of a flight bound for the other side of the Atlantic.
5. Zolpidem is the only sleep medication that doesn’t cause addiction.
6. The sleep-driving occurrence resulted from the wrong use of zolpidem by an office worker.
Question 7-9
Choose the appropriate letters A-D and Write them in boxes 7-9 on your answer sheet.
7. How many cases of bizarre behaviours are described in an official report from Australia?
A. 68
B. 104
C. 182
D. 240
8. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the product information about zolpidem?
A. Treatment should be stopped if side effects occur.
B. Medication should be taken just before going to bed.
C. Adverse effects are more likely in the elderly.
D. Side effects include nightmares, hallucinations and sleepwalking.
9. Who claimed that the safety description of zolpidem was well established?
A. Kenneth Wright
B. Melissa Feltmann
C. Richard Millman
D. Vera Sharav
Questions 10-13
Answer the following questions with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS each in boxes 10-13.
10. How many times was French-made zolpidem prescribed in 2005 in Britain?
11. What kind of hypnotic is zolpidem as a drug which promotes deep sleep in patients?
12. What can sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours cause according to patient advocacy groups?
13. What US administration says that it has been investigating the cases relating zolpidem to unusual side effects?
Answer keys and explanations:
1. True
See para.3 from the beginning: Zolpidem, sold under the brand names Ambien, Stilnoct and Stilnox, is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea.
2. False
See para.1 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”: Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved”…
3. Not Given
See para.2 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”: The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, meanwhile, has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005. (The time the drug was approved in the UK was not mentioned.)
4. True
See para.3 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”: In one case, a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.
5. False
See para.2 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”: He says that unlike older types of sleep medications, zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.
6. Not Given
See para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”: And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linked to zolpidem can be easily explained: some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. (No patients as office workers are mentioned in the passage.)
7. C
See para.4 from the beginning: A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strange sleepwalking by people taking the medication.
8. B
See the sentence in para.2 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects” (The product information for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects, including hallucinations, sleepwalking and nightmares, are more likely in the elderly, and treatment should be stopped if they occur.) and the sentence in para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested” (Doctors “not the product information” stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.)
9. B
See para.5 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”: Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann … says that “the safety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”.
10. 674,500 (times)
See para.3 from the beginning: Various forms of the drug, made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis, were prescribed674,500 times in 2005 in the UK.
11. (a) benzodiazepine-like (hypnotic)
See para.1 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects”: The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic (类苯二氮催眠药)that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid.
12. risky consequences
See para.3 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects”: Patient advocacy groups … stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.
13. Food & Drug (Administration)
See para.4 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”: The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to ”actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.
雅思考试阅读理解备考辅导
Published: February 5, New York Times
1. Internet security experts have long known that simple passwords do not fully defend online bank accounts from determined fraud artists. Now a study suggests that a popular secondary security measure provides little additional protection.
2.The study, produced jointly by researchers at Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, looked at a technology called site-authentication images. In the system, currently used by financial institutions like Bank of America, ING Direct and Vanguard, online banking customers are asked to select an image, like a dog or chess piece, that they will see every time they log in to their account.
3.The idea is that if customers do not see their image, they could be at a fraudulent Web site, dummied up to look like their bank’s, and should not enter their passwords.
4.The Harvard and M.I.T. researchers tested that hypothesis. In October, they brought 67 Bank of America customers in the Boston area into a controlled environment and asked them to conduct routine online banking activities, like looking up account balances. But the researchers had secretly withdrawn the images.
5.Of 60 participants who got that far into the study and whose results could be verified, 58 entered passwords anyway. Only two chose not to log on, citing security concerns.
6.“The premise is that site-authentication images increase security because customers will not enter their passwords if they do not see the correct image,” said Stuart Schechter, a computer scientist at the M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory. “From the study we learned that the premise is right less than 10 percent of the time.”
7.He added: “If a bank were to ask me if they should deploy it, I would say no, wait for something better,” he said.
8.The system has some high-power supporters in the financial services world, many trying to comply with new online banking regulations. In 2005, the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, an interagency body of federal banking regulators, determined that passwords alone did not effectively thwart intruders like identity thieves.
9.It issued new guidelines, asking financial Web sites to find better ways for banks and customers to identify each other online. January 2007 was set as the compliance date, though the council has yet to begin enforcing the mandate.
10.Banks immediately knew what they did not want to do: ask customers to download new security software, or carry around hardware devices that feed them PIN codes they can use to authenticate their identities. Both solutions would add an extra layer of security but, the banks believed, detract from the convenience of online banking.
11.The image system, introduced in by a Silicon Valley firm called PassMark Security, offered banks a pain-free addition to their security arsenals. Bank of America was among the first to adopt it, in June 2005, under the brand name SiteKey, asking its 21 million Web site users to select an image from thousands of possible choices and to choose a unique phrase they would see every time they logged in.
12.SiteKey “gives our customers a fairly easy way of authenticating the Bank of America Web site,” said Sanjay Gupta, an e-commerce executive at the bank. “It was very well received.”
13.The Harvard and M.I.T. researchers, however, found that most online banking customers did not notice when the SiteKey images were absent. When respondents logged in during the study, they saw a site maintenance message on the screen where their image and phrases should have been pictured. The error message also had a conspicuous spelling mistake, further suggesting something fishy.
14.Mr. Gupta of Bank of America said he was not troubled by the results of the survey, and stressed that SiteKey had made the bank’s Web site more secure. He also said that the system was only a single part of a larger security blanket. “It’s not like we’re betting the bank on SiteKey,” he said.
15.Most financial institutions, like Bank of America, have other ways to tell if a customer is legitimate. The banks often drop a small software program, called a cookie, onto a user’s PC to associate the computer with the customer. If the customer logs in from another machine, he may be asked personal questions, like his mother’s maiden name.
16.Rachna Dhamija, the Harvard researcher who conducted the study, points out that swindlers can use their dummy Web sites to ask customers those personal questions. She said that the study demonstrated that site-authentication images are fundamentally flawed and, worse, might actually detract from security by giving users a false sense of confidence.
17.RSA Security, the company that bought PassMark last year, “has a lot of great data on how SiteKey instills trust and confidence and good feelings in their customers,” Ms. Dhamija said. “Ultimately that might be why they adopted it. Sometimes the appearance of security is more important than security itself.”
篇3：雅思阅读如何短时内获得更高分
雅思阅读如何短时内获得更高分
具体方法如下：
雅思阅读解题方法一、首先决定要以什么样的顺序做题。真正的雅思考试并不是想象中的由易到难，很有可能一开始的文章就很难。设想，如果用30分钟先解决一道难题，再用剩下的30分钟去完成两道简单的题目，效果注定不好!试举剑桥4中TEST 2 为例，三篇文章分别 “lost for words”, “alternative medicine in Australia”, “play is a serious business”.乍一看第三篇文章题目是最简单的，实际上它反而是最难的。
雅思阅读解题二、题型决定做题顺序，而不是题目。“lost for words”题型分别是：summary, 人名理论matching, yes/no/not given. “alternative medicine in Australia”题型分别是：multiple choices, yes/no/not given, 填空题. “play is a serious business”题型分别是：信息段落配对，多选多，人名理论配对。初步分析题型后还可以细化，理清做题思路。第一篇文章难度适中，summary 属主旨类型题建议先做，同时可以把人名全部找到以节省时间。matching题中出现五对五配对还有NB。第二篇文章题目虽难但是引言部分交待很清楚，属简单的题目。填空题实属数字游戏，整篇文章完全按顺序出题。第三篇文章难度系数较大，信息段落配对难把握，之后的人名理论配对干扰选项过多，从一开始相当于八选一。这样分析下来，我们的做题顺序应该是“Passage 2/1/3”。
雅思阅读解题三、掌握技巧，灵活运用。题型没有绝对的难易之分，对其他考生难也许对你反而容易，要结合自己的实际情况。可以先做送分题“表格填空，图形题，完成句子”。在五大主流题型中，配对题比较费时，其中信息和段落配对最花时间，建议放在最后。而作为主旨的heading 和summary 可考虑先做，因为完成主旨题型后文章大致的内容和结构都可以掌握，对于细节题的定位会方便很多。
雅思考试像是一场战斗，应该灵活运用作战的策略和方法，后期更需要成套的阅读训练。如果能够运用这些提高效率节省时间的方法，有助于学生信心的塑造和雅思分数的提高。
雅思阅读文章先做哪一篇?
雅思阅读考试主要有三篇文章，每篇文章所涉及到的背景知识，题型，难度等方面会有所不同。那么，考生就有所疑问了，到底雅思阅读文章先做哪一篇才能有效节省时间与提高效率呢?在备考雅思阅读考试时，多数考生存在这样一个误区，即三篇文章的难易程度是递增的，因而在考试时，如果时间不够的话就不怎么管第三篇文章了，把前两篇文章做完并做对就已经不错了。其实，这是一种非常错误的观念。因为阅读文章的难易程度不是由易到难的，而是随机的。具体先做哪一篇，考生还是要理性地分析。
实际上，既然雅思阅读文章有题材考察与题型考察之分，那么考生其实就可以从这两个角度进行分析，看看自己究竟适合先做哪一篇。
从题材角度来看：
雅思阅读文章通常分为生物，地理和社会科学三大类，不同类别包含的内容繁多，考生要熟悉了解。比如生物类题材是常考题材之一，常常涉及到动物的生活习性，基因研究，器官研究等。地理类题材有一定难度，所涉及的专业知识较多，范围也很广泛，如气象预测，沙漠化之类的。社会类题材可以说是一个比较大的范畴，包含众多小的分支，如教育，历史，考古等等。点击查看详情
当考生拿过试卷后，要将三篇文章的主标题，副标题，插图以及第一句话全部浏览后，选择一篇从题材上自己比较熟悉和了解的文章先做，毕竟这样的文章背景知识和专有名词对于考生来说是相对熟悉的，做起题来就会容易一些。
从题型角度来看：
如果考生对于三篇文章背景知识的掌握程度差不多的话，就可以在浏览完三篇文章所涉及到的所有题型之后，就可以选择一篇从题型上自己比较拿手的文章先做。
雅思阅读题型主要有八种，即list of headings，complete the sentences，answer short questions，picture filling，summary，multiple choices，matching，true or false or not given。不同题型的难易也会不同，比如list of headings也就是标题对应题，这类题型无需定位，但需要对文章大体的内容有一定理解，难度系数两颗星; matching因果配对无出题规律，定位也比较复杂，难度系数三颗星;true or false or not given定位相对简单，但是往往在判断时容易失误，难度系数两颗星。点击查看详情
总而言之，考生要根据自己对不同题材和题型的掌握程度来决定雅思阅读文章先做哪一篇，也就是要合理安排做题顺序，这样才会高效完成任务。另外，考生在打好基础之后在平时最好能够按照实际的阅读考试时间来做题，检测一下自己是否能够在规定时间内做完所有题目，并找出不足之处加以改进。希望考生们取得满意的雅思成绩，更多雅思备考经验我们将会陆续为大家更新。
雅思阅读练习题：Can a robot replace us?
的雅思备考资料，无忧考网将第一时间为大家发布。
Robots. They can already clean our floors, build our cars, review legal documents, check us in at hotels and serve us drinks, but will we see them sitting around the boardroom table in place of people? Are my fellow board directors about to be made obsolete, replaced by robots overseeing companies? Will the discussion of diversity around the board table begin to include talk of non-humans?
It might sound farfetched, but 45% of 800 executives surveyed by the World Economic Forum’s Global Agenda Council on the Future of Software and Society said they expected an artificial intelligence machine will sit on a company’s board of directors by the year 2025.
This isn't the first time this has come up. Last year an investment group drummedup(招徕) headlines by announcing that it had appointed an AI to its board of directors. The firm said it would analyse data to help them make decisions about biotech investments. But, since that isn’t the full extent of the role of a genuine board member, the algorithm clearly was not really going to function as a full voting member of the firm’s board.
So do we need to set a place for robots at the boardroom table? There are a couple of reasons why I’m in the 55% who don't believe that are our jobs are at risk, or at least not from robots.
I believe data in the boardroom is growing in importance. Data can help us make decisions of all kinds. When developing strategy, it informs our thinking on marketplace trends, on what people are buying, selling, saying and doing.
On the remunerations and compensation committee, we use data to see what people are earning in the company and in the industry more broadly, and to examine overall compensation trends. In the audit committee, and also when doing any sort of financial analysis, we use data to see where spending and saving is and isn’t happening. And risk committees use data to analyse the myriad factors associated with risk of any kind, be it financial, infrastructure, strategy, legal and more.
In fact, there are few, if any areas, where we don't depend on data in some shape or form.
But it’s how we use the data to inform our decisions that differentiates us from the robots.We weigh the information to make decisions that are specific to the company, its employees and its competitiveness. It is the data mixed with creativity and intuitive, non-linear thinking that makes a company successful.
Indeed, if everyone is using the same sort of data and simply making automatic, calculated decisions from it, then differentiation is lost. The competitive advantage,in many ways, comes from the ingenuity and creativity of people.
I've often said that the boardroom is the most “human” place I've ever been. People come with their own knowledge, feelings, emotions and agendas. And, yes, that can colour the conversation on the day and sometimes hinder efficiency or easy decision making. But there is also a healthy friction that comes into play as well, which results in more robust results.
It is true that humans are fallible, and board directors are no exception. For example, pay packets(工资待遇) for CEOs can be too high, perhaps because they’ve been driven by human greed or judgement of real value. But would it be any different with a robot on the board? They would analyse the pay of other CEOs, and come up with calculations, just as is done now. But would they be able to bring about change to the compensation structure? Would they force a right sizing or apply a moral or ethical dimension to whether the compensation was correct? I think it would still take a human, or at least a human programming it, to calculate that.
Another important part to the human boardroom is the ability to judge people. Not what is on paper, but rather the people who are actually in front of you. Anyone can come up with an idea and even present it well. But as any investor, and particularly venture capitalists, will tell you, quantitative calculations can only take you so far when judging whether the idea is likely to be a success. Bringing those ideas to fruition, be it a new venture or a new direction for a company, requires the right people to execute on it. Judging whether things are going well or poorly, whether a strategy will work or not comes down to the ability to size someone up. The board must decide they are going to trust a CEO or an executive, and that has a lot to do with whether they are credible leaders.That can't be a judgement solely based on numbers.
Some of the fallibility in boardrooms comes from the fact that as a diverse group of board members we are,individually, often called to make decisions on matters where we don’t have expertise. In those cases, we depend on data and analysis and good briefings to help us to make those decisions, but that is still not a substitute for good judgement.
Also, data is not necessarily completely objective, nor is it always correct. Polling has proven recently that the data we have is only as good as the questions asked, and the veracity of the answers given.
Using data as a tool is great, and there is definitely a place for all kinds of AI as an enabling tool in the boardroom. But successful boardrooms are characterized by nuance and judgement. The boardroom, like most of life, is not a 0-or-1 situation. We must depend on human intuition and human understanding and combine that with data.
As board directors, we must draw on as much information and analysis as possible, and big data has a real role to play in enabling the boardroom, but I don't think I'll be sitting next to a robot in the boardroom any time soon.
Vocabulary
Obsolete 过时的
Oversee 监管
Farfetched 牵强附会的
Algorithm 运算法则
Remuneration 回报
Compensation 补偿
Audit 审计
Myriad 很多的;大量的
Differentiate 区分;区别
Intuitive 直觉的
Ingenuity 精巧;独创
Hinder 阻碍
Friction 摩擦
Robust 坚固的;有力的
Fallible 可能犯错的
Come down to… 归结于
Fallibility 可错性
Briefing 简报
Veracity 真实性
Nuance 细微之处
Draw on 利用
本文长难句
It might sound farfetched,but 45% of 800 executives surveyed by the World Economic Forum’s Global Agenda Council on the Future of Software and Society said they expected an artificial intelligence machine will sit on a company’s board of directors by the year 2025.
这听起来似乎牵强，但是在“软件与社会的未来”这一调查中，接受世界经济论坛全球事务协会调查的800名高管里，有45%的人表示期待在2025年前将看到人工智能机器参与公司董事会。
But, since that isn’t the full extent of the role of a genuine board member, the algorithm clearly was not really going to function as a full voting member of the firm’s board.
但是，由于这并不是真正的董事成员的全部职能，所以显而易见，(机器人的)运算法则并不能在公司董事会上像有投票权的成员那样履行职责。
And risk committees use data to analyse the myriad factors associated with risk of any kind, be it financial, infrastructure, strategy, legal and more.
风险委员会用数据来分析与各类风险相关的诸多因素，不管是财务、基础设施、策略、法律还是其他。
Indeed, if everyone is using the same sort of data and simply making automatic,calculated decisions from it, then differentiation is lost.
的确，如果每个人都利用同样的数据，并由此得出自动的、计算出来的结论，那么差别就消失了。
Bringing those ideas to fruition, be it a new venture or a new direction for a company, requires the right people to execute on it.
要让这些想法开花结果，无论是开一家新公司，或是为公司找一个新的方向，需要恰当的人来执行才可以。
Some of the fallibility in boardrooms comes from the fact that as a diverse group of board members we are, individually, often called to make decisions on matters where we don’t have expertise.
董事会可能犯错，是因为如下事实：董事会成员虽然多种多样，但我们经常被单个叫去，就一些我们没有专业知识的事情做决定。
篇4：雅思阅读的关键在如何定位
雅思阅读的关键在如何定位!
如何来迅速的在一篇长达1000多词的文章中定到位呢?
一、从原文中找“特殊词”
什么样的词是“特殊词”呢?特殊词，顾名思义就是样子特殊、很容易在原文中找到的词。比如：时间，地点，人名，书名，杂志名，专有名词，斜体字，引号引出的词，A-B类型的词。这些词要么是数字(阿拉伯数字或是用英语单词表述的数字，需要注意形式)，要么是首字母大写的词，在原文中很容易被快速找到。
二、从题干中找“定位词”
然而，不是所有的题目中都包含这样的“特殊词”的，在雅思阅读中更多的题目是不包含“特殊词”的题目，这无疑增加了定位的难度。但是如果我们能通过读题迅速判断出决定题目所在的这句话不同于文中其他句子的相对独特的词，再在原文中找到这些相对独特的词我们就可以准确的找到原文的位置了。我们来看几个例子，横线划出的是定位词：
Endangered languages cannot be saved unless people learn to speak more than one language.
Saving languages from extinction is not in itself a satisfactory goal.
The way we think may be determined by our language.
Young people often reject the established way of life in their community.
A change of language may mean a loss of traditional culture.
三、通过题目的前后顺序帮助定位
我们都知道五种小题型、判断题、选择题、总结题的顺序性都是极强的，那么在定位的时候我们可以通过前后的题目来帮助定位，就进一步加快了我们定位的速度。
同学们在吸取了苗筱淋老师的定位方法之后，应该要抛开以前的英文想法，一切按照雅思的规律来，回归到语言的本身。这样，不管在考试中我们面对的是什么领域的文章，题目的答案直接从文章的表象中找就可以，不用特意深入地思考文章的内容。当同学们习惯了用正确的方法做题之后，雅思阅读题目在大家的感官里一定会越来越容易!
雅思阅读考试预测
上一次的雅思考试已经结束，下一次的雅思考试还会远吗?为了帮助大家在雅思考试中取得好成绩，下面就是无忧考网为大家收集整理的6月24日雅思阅读考试预测，供大家参考。更多雅思报名官网的最新消息，最新、最专业的雅思备考资料，无忧考网将第一时间为大家发布。
Passage 3：
题材：心理类
题型：配对，选择，判断
文章大意：placebo effect 安慰剂效应
备考建议：心理类话题配上搭配题，这篇文章比较有难度。搭配题没有顺序，所以学生在做题的时候要有篇章意识，理清文章结构。心理类文章也是近几个月常考的话题，大家多留意。
参考阅读：C5T4P1P1 the impact of wildness tourism
雅思阅读考试小范围预测
1 茶叶的历史 发展史类 出现场次：0314 0611 1114
2 远程工作 人文社科类 出现场次：1011 0206
3 仿生小机器人 科技 出现场次：20120901 20101216 0621
4 企业内部管理 商业管理 出现场次：20110430 20100415
5 非洲农业 农业 出现场次：20150723 0202 20100717 20090221
6 化石数据库 生物 出现场次：0123 20120901 20100814
7 滤水器 环保 出现场次：20110611 20091203
18 测谎 心理学 出现场次：0125 20130829 20120112 20100130 20090321
19 天才儿童 教育 出现场次：20151114B 20141011 0428
20 折射的发现人 出现场次：人物传记 20150912 20090115
13 音乐：我们共同的语言 艺术出现场次： 20150808 2014041220100916 20070901
14 生物多样性 生物 出现场次：20131130 20101127 20070519
15 成功的芬芳 工业 出现场次：20111029 20100410
16 过山车 人文社科 出现场次：20111026 20090611 20080424
17 塔斯马尼亚虎 动物 出现场次：20160220 20130309 20110305
18 新西兰社区的重建 人文社科 出现场次：20121208
19 声波测海洋 出现场次：20110625 20091212 20071020
20 钢铁艺术 艺术 出现场次：20160312 20141204 20130119
文章题目 The power of music
重复年份 20160109A 20131212
题材 艺术
题型 段落信息配对 5+填空 4+人名配对 4
文章大意 音乐对人的影响。讲到了音乐的作用，与大脑的联系，不同映月表达出来的
不同情绪对人类甚至动物的影响，最后谈到几个实验，证明音乐的治疗效果，以及音痴有救
雅思阅读大范围预测
中文标题：New Zealand Home Textile Craft人文社科
中文标题：Sweet Trouble–Australia sugarcane industry农业
中文标题：The Grimme FairyTale人文社科
中文标题： Gesture 人文社科
中文标题：Dust and American 环保
中文标题：Japan's ancient pottery 历史
中文标题：Fish communications 动物
中文标题：Darkside of Technological Boom科技
中文标题：Children's adults 文学
中文标题：Seeing the colour of sounds, hearing the colour of number
心理学
中文标题：Ancient Greek Coins 人文社科
雅思阅读考试小范围预测
文章题目 The importance of being playful
重复年份 20150129 20140426 20130110
题材 人文社科
题型 段落信息配对 6+填空 3+人名观点配对 3
文章大意 自由游戏。开篇讲 free play 的 general idea。然后讲了小孩 free play 的
好处，之后由相关的动物实验以及 4 个从动物实验中得出的理论和观点。
文章题目 SSDP Project
重复年份 20150430 20140405
题材 环保
题型 填空+判断+选择
文章大意 Shuit 公司在地中海的 Stavos 岛提炼淡水。讲了之前这个岛的淡水提供方
法。该公司决定利用地热，一开始反对，后来克服苦难消除不利影响，项目很成功。
文章题目 Newly Hatched birds
重复年份 20150430 20130718 20100821 20070922
题材 动物
题型 暂无
文章大意 有一种通过敲击蛋壳加速蛋的孵化，并解释了同时孵化的原因。后面又比较
了各种鸟的喂食方式。
文章题目 Alcohol fuel in England
重复年份 20150521 20130302
题材 能源
题型 判断 5+流程图填空 5
文章大意 乙醇作为新燃料地提炼过程和与汽油的对比。英国/美国的一种新能源，能
从玉米中提取乙醇作为燃料。
文章题目 Sweet Trouble–Australia sugarcane industry
重复年份 20150613 20131010 20110813 20090521
题材 农业
题型 人名配对 4+判断 6+选择 3
文章大意 澳大利亚的制糖工业面临危机，政府鼓励以前从事糖业的人从事其他行业。但许多人不愿放弃，他们认为制糖环保，有很多好处如保持水土。很多人为了制糖修建水渠，但并没有很好的收益，制糖业终会消失。
文章题目 Dust and American
重复年份 20150801 20130718 20080214
题材 环保
题型 判断 7+填空 6
文章大意 美国沙漠化问题。美国西南沙尘的起源，历史，调查对大平原地带的影响，产生的问题。
文章题目 The tuatara-past and future
重复年份 20151024 20141018 20120331
题材 动物
题型 判断 4+填空 5+选择 4
文章大意 新西兰蜥蜴生活习性的地特性，数量不断减少。减少的原因和采取的措施，
但效果未知。新西兰一个机构正致力于保护，并且越来越多的人加入栖息地
进行保护。通过历史的发现以及各个科学家的研究，说明谁最先到岛上生存，
最后说将来给后代留下的不仅仅是动物。
文章题目 The meaning of history study
重复年份 20151114A 20140920 20111210
题材 人文社科
题型 配对 9+填空 4
文章大意 本文讲了历史研究的意义。列举了名人对于学习历史的观点。历史学家和教
育家都认为历史不仅具有学术研究的意义，更有助于其他领域。
文章题目 Birds intelligence
重复年份 20151114A 20130525 20111210
题材 动物
题型 小标题 7+配对 7
文章大意 之前一直认为人类是高智能，现在发现猩猩甚至鸟类都有，列举了三种鸟的
例子;讲到了鸟的生存环境残酷，鸟也有竞争，脑大的鸟更聪明，还有鸟的
社会性。
文章题目 Food Addictive
重复年份 20151114B 20140712
题材 工业
题型 判断 7+摘要填空 3+配对 3
文章大意 讲了食品添加剂。人们更多的是通过气味判断食物是否好吃，而非味觉。真
材实料的价格都是超过实验室产品的，但是实验室产品的成功率非常低，但回报率 。因此美国的添加剂发展是全球发展的推动力。
文章题目 Japan's ancient pottery
重复年份 20151119B 20140201 20120707 20110217
题材 历史
题型 暂无
文章大意 本文讲了日本的古陶艺。这是一种特殊意义的传统技艺，后来某年间得到
发展，在某地如何被做出来等等。讲到了一个大师先后跟父亲学习技艺，后来和哥哥一起做获得成就等。
文章题目 Fish communications
重复年份 20151203 20130713
题材 动物
题型 判断 6+填空 7
文章大意 讲了鱼类的交流，德国科学家在红海发现红色的鱼，发现是激发荧光。鱼
用这个荧光来识别种群、标识位置、吓退敌人、掩盖自己和捕捉猎物。
文章题目 Darkside of Technological Boom
重复年份 20151203 20130713 20100520
题材 科技
题型 小标题 9+判断 5
文章大意 文章讲了科技在现代生活中的各种弊端。
文章题目 Children's adults
重复年份 20151219 20140802 20111026
题材 文学
题型 选择 4+句子配对 4+判断 4+简答 1
文章大意 讲了儿童文学。探讨了从成人角度去写儿童文学的视角不同。
文章题目 Ancient Greek Coins
重复年份 人文社科
题材 20140118 20120510
题型 判断+流程图+简答
文章大意 古希腊钱币。介绍了硬币的制造过程，生产工艺及当时的时代背景。
题型：配对 6+多选 4
内容概述: 实习生工作反馈
配对 6：
实习生对于不同工作的态度：
A. Frustrated B. challenging C. enjoyable D. easy
21. 住宿 D
22. tour 到周围观光 D
23. leisure activities C
24. 吃的 B
25. 不详 B
26. information technology problem A
多选 4：
27-28 老板觉得 Alex 有什么好的?
brilliant
提过一些建议
29-30 Alex 觉得自己有什么改进的地方?
plan telephone calls
deadline
篇5：浅谈逻辑关系词在雅思阅读摘要题中的妙用
浅谈逻辑关系词在雅思阅读摘要题中的妙用
雅思阅读逻辑关系之并列关系 剑5T2P3
题干：In Britain, moreover, scientists worried that English had neither the technical vocabulary nor the grammatical resources to express their ideas.
原文：First, it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second, it lacked the grammatical resources required to represent the world …
题干中出现的neither…nor…表示“既不…也不…”,是连接两个否定概念的并列逻辑关系词。原文中的first, it lacked …,second it lacked …表示了同样的逻辑关系，尽管表现方式有所变化。解题时，这种对应的逻辑关系可以使我们在原文中快速定位答案。
雅思阅读逻辑关系之转折和因果关系 剑5T2P3
题干：Although English was then overtaken by German, it developed again in the19th century as a direct result of the industrial revolution.
原文：In the following century much of this momentum was lost as German established itself as the leading European language of science. … However, in the 19th century scientific English again enjoyed substantial lexical growth as the industrial revolution created the need for new technical vocabulary.
题干中出现了表示转折关系的although, 对应于原文中的however;同时，题干还出现了表示因果关系的as a direct result of， 对应原文中表因果的逻辑关系词as。
雅思阅读逻辑关系之递进关系 剑5T3P2
题干：To deal with this, Stanley suggests the use of artificial floods in the short term, and increasing the amount of water available through desalination in the longer term.
原文：In the immediate future, Stanley believes that one solution would be to make artificial floods to flush out the delta waterways, in the same way that natural floods did before the construction of the dams. He says, however, that in the long term an alternative process such as desalination may have to be used to increase the amount of water available.
in the short term … in the longer term…是题干中出现的表示递进关系的逻辑关系词。通过快速查读原文，可以发现相同的逻辑结构in the immediate future … in the long term …。
在雅思备考过程中，精读是行之有效的一种训练方法。通过精读，我们可以发现雅思阅读逻辑关系词常常是雅思阅读摘要题考点所在。
雅思分类词汇：味道
taste 味道
tasty 美味的
delicious 味道好的
sweet 甜的
sour 酸的
bitter 苦的
hot 辣的
salty 咸的
spiced 加香料的
fragrant 香的
seasoned 加作料的
tasteless 无味的
flat 淡而无味的(如走了气的啤酒)
greasy 油腻的
bland 清淡的
light 清淡的
雅思分类词汇：节日
Advent (耶稣)降临节
Lady Day, Annunciation 天使报喜节(3月25日)
Ascension Day 耶稣升 天节(复活节后第四十日)
Assumption 圣母升 天节(8月15日)
Candlemas 圣烛节(2月2日)
New Year, New Year's Day 新年(1月1日)
Corpus Christi 圣体节
Quadragesima 四旬节(四旬斋的第一个星期日)
Lent 四旬斋,大斋期(复活节前的第四十个星期日)
Low (或Quasimodo) Sunday, 复活节后第一个星期日
All Souls'Day (天主教)万灵节(11月2日)(如遇星期日则顺延一天)
Palm Sunday 棕枝全日(复活节前的星期日)
Easter Sunday, Easter 复活节
Epiphany, Twelfth Day 主显节(1月6日)
day of obligation 每人需停止工作参加礼拜的日子
Maundy Thursday 濯足星期四(耶稣受难节)
Shrove Tuesday 忏悔节(四旬斋开始的前一天)
Ash Wednesday 复活节前的第七个星期三
Christmas 圣诞节(12月25日)
Christmas Eve 圣诞前夕
New Year's Eve 新年前夕
Easter 复活节
Whitsun, Whitsuntide 圣神降临周(复活节后的第七周,尤指前三天)
Quinquagesima 四旬斋前的星期日
Ramadan 斋月
Rogation Days 祈祷节(耶稣升 天节的前三天)
Sabbath 安息日
Feast of the Sacred Heart 圣心节
Midsummer Day 施洗约翰节(6月24日)
Passion Week 复活节前第二周
Holy Week 圣周(复活节前一周)
Septuagesima 四旬斋前的第三个星期日
Sexagesima 四旬斋前的第二个星期日
Ember Days 四季节
All Saints' Day 万圣节
Trinity Sunday, Trinity 圣三主日(复活节后的第八个星期日)
Good Friday 耶稣受难节
Visitation 圣母往见节(7月2日)
雅思分类词汇：足球
football, soccer, Association football 足球
field, pitch 足球场
midfied 中场
kick-off circle 中圈
half-way line 中线
football, eleven 足球队
football player 足球运动员
goalkeeper, goaltender, goalie 守门员
back 后卫
left 左后卫
right back 右后卫
centre half back 中卫
half back 前卫
left half back 左前卫
right half back 右前卫
forward 前锋
centre forward, centre 中锋
inside left forward, inside left 左内锋
inside right forward, inside right 右内锋
outside left forward, outside left 左边锋
outside right forward, outside right 右边锋
kick-off 开球
bicycle kick, overhead kick 倒钩球
chest-high ball平胸球
corner ball, corner 角球
goal kick 球门球
ground ball, grounder 地面球
hand ball 手触球
header 头球
penalty kick 点球
spot kick 罚点球
free kick 罚任意球
throw-in 掷界外球
ball handling 控制球
block tackle 正面抢截
body check 身体阻挡
bullt 球门前混战
fair charge 合理冲撞
chesting 胸部挡球
close-marking defence 钉人防守
close pass, short pass 短传
consecutive passes 连续传球
deceptive movement 假动作
diving header 鱼跃顶球
flying headar 跳起顶球
dribbling 盘球
finger-tip save (守门员)托救球
clean catching (守门员)跳球抓好
flank pass 边线传球
high lobbing pass 高吊传球
scissor pass 交叉传球
volley pass 凌空传球
triangular pass 三角传球
rolling pass, ground pass 滚地传球
slide tackle 铲球
clearance kick 解除危险的球
to shoot 射门
grazing shot 贴地射门
close-range shot近射
long drive 远射
mishit 未射中
offside 越位
to pass the ball 传球
to take a pass 接球
spot pass 球传到位
to trap 脚底停球
to intercept 截球
to break through, to beat 带球过人
to break loose 摆脱
to control the midfield 控制中场
to disorganize the defence 破坏防守
to fall back 退回
to set a wall 筑人墙
to set the pace 掌握进攻节奏
to ward off an assault 击退一次攻势
to break up an attack 破坏一次攻势
ball playing skill 控球技术
total football 全攻全守足球战术
open football 拉开的足球战术
off-side trap 越位战术
wing play 边锋战术
shoot-on-sight tactics 积极的抢射战术
time wasting tactics 拖延战术
Brazilian formation 巴西阵式， 4-2-4 阵式
four backs system 四后卫制
four-three-three formation 4-3-3 阵式
four-two-four formation 4-2-4 阵式
red card 红牌(表示判罚出场)
yellow card 黄牌(表示警告)
篇6：细说无词阅读法在雅思阅读中的运用
无词胜有词——细说无词阅读法在雅思阅读中的运用
填空题目中哪些单词一定不会是答案
1. 介词： at , in , to , on ,for, by, with, among, between … ….
2. 连词： and, but, however, as well, because, so, for, if, also, not only… but also…, such as, for example
3. 情态动词： can , may, must, should, could, would, might, have to
4. 否定词：not, no，还有文章中有without, unnecessary, exclude 【不包含】,
5. 冠词：a, an, the
6. 代词：it, he, she, they, their, we, us, I,
7. BE动词 am, is, are
8. 助动词：do, does, have, has
填空题目的做题顺序
1. 题目是按照文章顺序出的，所以要按照题目的顺序做题
2. 先从题目中划出关键词【快，狠，准!】
? 快：快速定位文章中的段落或者句子
? 狠：要从题目中尽可能少划出一些关键词
? 准：要划出能够代表这个题目中的关键词，往往满地都是的，不同题目重复的单词都不可能作为关键词
3. 按照文章顺序，通过关键词，扫读文章，找到对应的段落
? 根据前后题目的顺序
? 根据每段段落前面的小标题---：代表着文章段落意思的总结词汇
? 根据每段当中的第一句来判断是否内容有提到：第一句：往往统领段落大意的句子【topic sentence主题句】
4. 扫读文章，确定相对应的句子， 【通过你在题目中所划的关键词来判断】
..关键词的作用：帮助定位;关键词本身不会是正确答案
5. 确定相应句子后，删除不可能是答案的单词
A.删除“八大类不可能是答案的”单词
B. 删除题目中已经出现过的单词
? 一模一样的词汇
? 词性改变的词汇【create---creativity; support --- supporting】单词前面的拼写不会改变，后半部分的拼写会有所改变
? 同义词：题目中的单词和文章中的单词中文意思相同【film—movie;】
? .上义词：如果题目中的关键词是一个概念词，文章中的对应词可能是这个概念的具体词汇【fruit ---banana; entertainment --- clubing; media--- Internet】【题目中的关键词是包含了文章中对应词】
? .下义词: 题目中的这个关键词是一个具体词，文章中的对应词是一个概念词【题目中的关键词被包含在文章中的概念词中】
C. 删除文章中满地都是的词汇【高频词汇】
..可能是答案的情况： 这个重复出现的词汇只有在某一个段落中反复出现
D.删除其他题目中重复出现的词汇
6. 在剩余的单词中，根据答案特点来选择内容
答案特点：
1. 在找到句子前，考生应该先猜测题目中所题写的答案词性
? 如果空格前面是a，an, the; 答案一定是名词，而且文章中答案前可能也有对应的冠词出现
? 如果空格前面有介词, in ,at, on 答案一定是时间或者地方，而且文章中一定会有对应的介词方式或者词组
? 如果空格后面是一个名词，答案往往会是形容词，文章中你要去找对应的名词前面的形容词，【必须排除动词，BE动词】
? 如果空格的前面是一个动词，答案通常就是副词，副词通常都是以-ly结尾的
2. 长单词是答案的可能性比短单词高
3. 特殊词汇是答案的可能性是相当高的，特殊词汇往往会通过斜体，或者是引号来强调其特殊性，例如 ” phone phrase”.
4. 根据题目中的句子结构来判断答案的位置，通过一些已经删除的词汇来确定答案在文章对应句中所相对应的词汇
三、“无词阅读”的巅峰境界
何谓“境界”?
“境界”，就是能看多远。佛能够看透物质世界，所以佛的境界无限远。
阅读的时候，如果谁能够透过那些生词和难句，把题目的答案直接挑出来，并且文章大致讲什么还能明白，那么就达到了“无词阅读”的最高境界，才能感到“心旷神怡，宠辱皆忘，把酒临风，其喜洋洋者矣”!
其实，“无词阅读法”并非是什么“都不懂”;相反，它是一种对阅读的大彻大悟，彻底颠覆了我们传统的“逐字逐句搞翻译，段落文章看不懂”错误阅读方法，保证读者在存在大量生词的情况下，还能够通过快速阅读掌握段落和文章的主旨。
那么“无词阅读法”的精髓在哪里呢?就在于把握两种东西：方向和关系。
首先，方向是作者在论述一个事物时的基本态度，其重要性远远大于个别词句的理解。例如：
Research studies lend strong support to the argument that there are benefits for families considering a change to a fairer or more equitable division of the pleasures and pains of family life. Greater equality in the performance of family work is associated with lower levels of family stress and higher self-esteem, better health, and higher marital satisfaction for mothers. There is also higher marital satisfaction for fathers, especially when they take more responsibility for the needs of their children – fathers are happier when they are more involved (Russell 1984).
这段话并不长，但是如果让你在30秒钟之内说出主旨是什么，恐怕比登天还难吧!其实不然!请看首句中有一个词benefits是个正向词，紧接着第二句话中lower levels of family stress, higher…, better health, higher… satisfaction等都是正向词。第三句话中higher satisfaction, happier等也都是正向词。这说明这段话作者的基本态度是正向的，那么段落主旨就是首句中的benefits，而第二和第三句话就在具体论述有哪些 benefits。至于self-esteem, marital等生词不认识都无所谓了，因为本段落中，除了这些正向词之外，其余的单词的存在都是多余的。30秒足够你“顿悟”了吧!
其次，关系是更为重要的，因为它的存在更加使得单词变得多余。例如：
In business as a whole, there are a number of factors encouraging the prospect of greater equality in the workforce. Demographic trends suggest that the number of women going into employment is steadily increasing. In addition a far greater number of women are now passing through higher education, making them better qualified to move into management positions.
这段话中，首句a number of factors encouraging…是一个正向词，说明在分析好的因素。第二句number…increasing和第三句higher education, better qualified都是正向词，说明在具体论述第一句话中的好的因素。但是，二三句之间的一个In addition让我们知道了这两句话之间是一个“递进”关系，那么其前后的方向应该是相同的。所以，当我们看完第二句话之后，发现这个“递进”关系时，后面的内容根本不需要看了。至于prospect和demographic trends即使都是你的生词，又怎能妨碍你抓住段落的主旨——a number of factors呢?
2016年2月20日雅思阅读考试真题回忆——Passage1
所谓阅读是中国考生的最强项。今天为大家带来的是2016年2月20日雅思阅读考试真题回忆的Passage1原文文本和题目回忆。
考试概述：
本次考试的文章是三篇旧的文章的变形，难度适中。第一篇讲了照明工具的发展历史，从火到灯的过程。第二篇讲了塔斯马尼亚的老虎，灭绝以后的相关专题讨论。第三篇讲了女性领导的特点以及他们与男性领导者的特征对比。
题型：每篇文章都有判断题出现，且数量稳定;另外配对题和填空题依然是考试的重点;注意选考题型选择题频繁出现。
Passage1：照明发展史
题型解析：8道判断题;5道填空题
讲述了照明工具的发展史，从蜡烛到煤油灯再到爱迪生
Question:1-8判断题
1. True
2. False
3. Not Given
4. True
5. True
6. Not given
7. False
8. Not given
Question:9-13 句子填空题
9. applications
10. bright
11. attention
12. air
13. filaments
雅思阅读小范围预测
Coastal sculpture 艺术
New Zealand famous writer Margaret Mahy
人物传记
Solving an Arctic Mystery 人文社科
When did music begin? 艺术
New Zealand Home Textile Craft人文社科
Sweet Trouble–Australia sugarcane industry农业
The Grimme Fairy Tale
人文社科
Gesture 人文社科
Dust and American 环保
Birds intelligence 动物
Food Addictive 工业
Japan's ancient pottery 历史
Fish communications 动物
Darkside of Technological Boom科技
Children's adults 文学
文章题目 Children's adults
重复年份 20151219 20140802 20111026
题材 文学
题型 选择 4+句子配对 4+判断 4+简答 1
文章大意 讲了儿童文学。探讨了从成人角度去写儿童文学的视角不同。
参考阅读：
CHILDREN’S LITERATURE
A Stories and poems aimed at children have an exceedingly long history:
lullabies, for example, were sung in Roman times, and a few nursery games and
rhymes are almost as ancient. Yet so far as written-down literature is concerned,while there were stories in print before 1700 that children often seized on when they had the chance, such as translations of Aesop’s fables, fairy-stories and popular ballads and romances, these were not aimed at young people in particular.Since the only genuinely child-oriented literature at this time would have been a few instructional works to help with reading and general knowledge, plus the odd Puritanical tract as an aid to morality, the only course for keen child readers was to read adult literature. This still occurs today, especially with adult thrillers or romances that include more exciting, graphic detail than is normally found in the literature for younger readers
B By the middle of the 18th century there were enough eager child readers, and enough parents glad to cater to interest, for publishers to specialize in children’s books whose first aim was pleasure rather than education or morality. In Britain, a London merchant named Thomas Boreham produced Cajanus, The Swedish Giant in 1742, while the more famous John Newbery published A Little Pretty Pocket Book in 1744. Its contents—rhymes, stories, children’s games plus a free gift (‘A ball and a pincushion’)— in many ways anticipated the similar lucky-dip contents of children’s annuals this century. It is a tribute to Newbery’s flair that he hit upon a winning formula quite so quickly, to be pirated almost immediately in America.
C Such pleasing levity was not to last. Influenced by Rousseau, whose Emile (1762)decreed that all books children save Robinson Crusoe were a dangerous diversion, contemporary critics saw to it that children’s literature should be instructive and uplifting. Prominent among such voices was Mrs. Sarah Trimmer, whose magazine The Guardian of Education (1802) carried the first regular reviews of children’s books. It was she who condemned fairy-tales for their violence and general absurdity; her own stories, Fabulous Histories (1786)described talking animals who were always models of sense and decorum
D. So the moral story for children was always threatened from within, given the way children have of drawing out entertainment from the sternest moralist. But the greatest blow to the improving children’s book was to come from an unlikely source indeed: early 19th-century interest in folklore. Both nursery rhymes, selected by James Orchard Halliwell for a folklore society in 1842, and collection of fairy-stories by the scholarly Grimm brothers, swiftly translated into English in 1823, soon rocket to popularity with the young, quickly leading to new editions, each one more child-centered than the last. From now on younger children could expect stories written for their particular interest and with the needs of their own limited experience of life kept well to the fore
E What eventually determined the reading of older children was often not the availability of special children’s literature as such but access to books that contained characters, such as young people or animals, with whom they could more easily empathize, or action, such as exploring or fighting, that made few demands on adult maturity or understanding
F The final apotheosis of literary childhood as something to be protected from unpleasant reality came with the arrival in the late 1930s of child-centered bestsellers intend on entertainment at its most escapist. In Britain novelist such as Enid Blyton and Richmal Crompton described children who were always free to have the most unlikely adventures, secure in the knowledge that nothing bad could ever happen to them in the end. The fact that war broke out again during her books’ greatest popularity fails to register at all in the self-enclosed world inhabited by Enid Blyton’s young characters. Reaction against such dreamworlds was inevitable after World War II, coinciding with the growth of paperback sales, children’s libraries and a new spirit of moral and social concern. Urged on by committed publishers and progressive librarians, writers slowly began to explore new areas of interest while also shifting the settings of their plots from the middle-class world to which their chiefly adult patrons had always previously belonged.
G Critical emphasis, during this development, has been divided. For some the most important task was to rid children’s books of the social prejudice and exclusiveness no longer found acceptable. Others concentrated more on the positive achievements of contemporary children’s literature. That writers of these works are now often recommended to the attentions of adult as well as child readers echoes the 19th-century belief that children’s literature can be shared by the generations, rather than being a defensive barrier between childhood and the necessary growth towards adult understanding.
★ 雅思写作提高方法
★ 党课多少分及格啊
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