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篇1:高中英语语法名词与常见动词
高中英语语法专题名词
1.可数名词单、复数变化形式
(1)规则变化。
①单数名词词尾直接加-s。如:
boy — boys
pen — pens
②以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。如:
glass — glasses
box— boxes
watch — watches
brush — brushes
特例:
stomach — stomachs
③以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。
如:
baby — babies
lady — ladies
fly — flies
④以“o”结尾的多数加-es。如:
tomato — tomatoes
potato — potatoes
hero — heroes
但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。 如:
radio — radios
zoo — zoos
photo — photos
piano — pianos
kilo — kilos
tobacco — tobaccos
⑤以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”
,之后再加-es。如:
wife — wives
life — lives,
knife — knives,
wolf— wolves,
self — selves,
leaf — leaves等。
特例:
handkerchief— handkerchiefs
roof — roofs
chief — chiefs
gulf — gulfs
belief — beliefs
cliff — cliffs
⑥改变元音字母的。如:
man — men
mouse — mice
foot — feet
woman — women
tooth — teeth
goose — geese
ox — oxen
特例:
child — children
⑦复合名词的复数形式。(A)在复合词中最后名词尾加-s。如:
armchair — armchairs
bookcase — bookcases
bookstore — bookstores
(B)man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时,前后两个名词都要变成复数。如:
man doctor — men doctors
woman driver — women drivers
(C)与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。如:
brother-in-law — brothers-in-law
passer-by — passers-by
⑧有的名词有两种复数形式。如:
zero — zeros 、zeroes
deer —deers 、deer
penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同。如:
pence(便士的钱数),pennies(便士的枚数)。
(2)不规则变化。
①单、复数同形。如:means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese,
Japanese, sheep, works(工厂),cattle。
②合成名词的复数。如:
boy-friend — boy-friends
go-between— go-betweens(中间人)
grown-up — grown-ups
③有些名词通常只用作复数。如:
glasses眼镜,clothes衣服,goods货物,trousers裤子,belongings所有物,wages工资,riches财富, surroundings环境,ashes灰尘, compasses圆规,cattle家畜,congratulations祝贺,have words with sb. 同某人吵架,in high spirits以很高热情地,give one’s regards to sb.向某人问侯,in rags衣衫破烂,It is good manners to do sth.有礼貌做某事。
④集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数,如:people,cattle, police; 有些名词只用作单数,如:machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数,单数看做整体,复数看做集体的各个成员。如:The crew is large.船员人数很多(指整体);The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了(个体)。
2、不可数名词的数
(1)一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词,但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时,可用作可数名词且词义发生变化,主要类型如下:
①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如:
抽象名词(不可数)
具体化
(个体名词,可数名词)
in surprise惊讶地
a surprise
一件令人惊讶的事
win success获得成功
a success
一个(件)成功的人(事)
win honor赢得荣誉
an honor
一个(件)引以为荣的(事)
Failure(失败)
is the mother of success
a failure失败者
by experience靠经验
an experience一次经历
youth青春
a youth一个青年人
have pity on sb.怜悯某人
a pity可惜的事情
with pleasure乐意
a pleasure乐事
②抽象名词与a(an)连用,淡化了抽象概念,转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如:
A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.
Would you like to have a walk (swim, bath, talk) with me?
It is waste of time reading such a novel.
She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.
(2)物质名词是不可数名词,但表示数量或种类之多时,可以用作可数名词。如:
①物质名词有形或数的相应物体,有单、复数。如:
some coffee一些咖啡,a coffee一杯咖啡,three coffees三杯咖啡,some drink一些饮料, a drink一杯饮料,three drinks三杯饮料,his hair他的头发,a few grey hairs几根白发,glass玻璃,a glass一只玻璃杯。
②物质名词有前置后置修饰时,前面要使用不定冠词。
have breakfast
The road is covered with snow.
have a wonderful breakfast
They have a heavy snow every year.
Time and tide wait for no man.
We had a wonderful time last night.
(3)有复数形式的不可数名词
①有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现,起到一种丰富语言感情色彩或强调某种特殊状态的作用。如:
Use your brains, please.
They have smoothed away the difficulties.
Have you made preparations for tomorrow’s meeting?
Many thanks for your kindness.
No pains, no gains.
After many failures, they finally succeeded.
②有些物质名词以复数形式出现,表示数量之多,范围之广。如:
The boy burst into tears at the bad news.
The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops.
The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains.
3.名词所有格
(1)“’s”所有格的特殊表示形式有:
① 用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后,如:today’s,newspaper, five minutes’
walk(drive),five pounds’ weight, ten dollars’
worth of coffee。
②用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。如:the earth’s planet, the word’s population, China’s industry, New York’s parks。
(2)“of”所有格的特殊表示方式有:
①表示“部分”时,一般在所修饰的名词前有一个表示数量的词(a、two、several、some、no、many等),如:
Some students of Mister Zhang’s have gone to college.
张老师的一些学生已经上大学了。
②表示“其中之一,其中一部分”的意思时,用:
a friend of Tom’s
汤姆的一个朋友(许多朋友中的一位)。
③表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感情色彩时,应该用:that/this/these/those + 名词(单、复数)of Mary’s/yours/his/hers。如:
That invention of hers belongs to the world.
她的那项发明是属于全世界的(表赞赏)。
4、名词作定语
英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词,这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。
(1)分类意义。
air pollution 空气污染
boy friend 男朋友
coffee cup咖啡杯
income tax所得税
tennis ball网球
song writer歌曲作家
body language身体语言
road accident交通事故
Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖
(2)时间、地点、称呼等。
Doctor Jack杰克医生
Professor Li李教授
evening school夜校
winter sleep冬眠
street dance 街舞
country music乡村音乐
village people村民
school education学校教育
China problem中国问题
(3)表目的、手段、来源,所属意义。
reception desk接待台
sports field田径场
stone table石桌
color TV彩电
weather report天气预报
可用于“动词+sb+of sth”的8个常见动词
accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人犯某事(罪),指责某人做某事
cheat sb. fo sth. 骗取某人某物
cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的病,改掉某人的坏习惯
inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某情况(事)
remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某情况(事)
rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某物
rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的某东西
warn sb. of sth. 警告某人有某情况
可用于“动词+sb+for doing sth”的8个常见动词
blame sb. for doing sth. 指责某人做某事
criticize sb. for doing sth. 批评某人做某事
forgive sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事
excuse sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事
pardon sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事
punish sb. for doing sth. 惩罚某人做某事
scold sb. for doing sth. 指责(责备)某人做某事
thank sb. for doing sth. 感谢某人做某事
可用于“动词+sb+into doing sth”的9个常见动词
cheat sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事
trick sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事
food sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事
force sb. into doing sth. 迫使某人做某事
argue sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
talk sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
terrify sb. into doing sth. 威胁某人做某事
frighten sb. into doing sth. 吓唬某人做某事
persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
篇2:初中英语语法名词与动词
初中英语语法专题名词
名词
一、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类:
1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。
专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。
如:Beijing, Tom, the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)
专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如:the Great Wall(长城)
姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如:the Greens( 格林一家人)。
2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如:pupil, family, man, foot.
普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。
▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如: box, child, orange;
▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如:water, news, oil, population, information .
二、英语可数名词的单复数:
英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下:
①在单数名词词尾加s。如:map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables.
②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如:class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.
[注]:少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如:photo→photos, piano→pianos.
③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如:family→families, city→cities, party→parties.
④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如:shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.
2、不规则变化:man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese
不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如:a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk.
三、名词所有格:
1、名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下:
(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如:Childern’s Day(儿童节), my sister’s book(我姐姐的书)
(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如:Teachers’ Day(教师节)
(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s. 如:
today’s newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes’ break(十分钟的课间休息),
China’s population(中国的人口).
(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如:
a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).
2、[注解]:
① ‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如:my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所)
② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如:Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)
③ “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如:a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)
四、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题
1、谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即:主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式:如:The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)
2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时,
① 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如:Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)
② 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如:Class Three have a map of China.(三班有张中国地图)
3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如:There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊)
4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数:The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋)
5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如:
The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买)
6、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如:A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句)
7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如:The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) /Fish and chips is very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品)
8、there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如:There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)
9、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如:Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来)
10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如:A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边)
11、either…or…或者neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如:Either you or he is right.(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里)
12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如:Two months is not a short time.(两个月不是个短时间)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离).(两千千米是相当长的一段距离)
13、主语中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如:Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(学生的三分之一(当时)正在湖边玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了)(被动句)
但是,population一词又有特殊情况:What’s the population of China?(中国人口是多少?)(句子用单数) / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用复数)
五、部分名词用法辨析:
1、sport、game、match、race 的区别:sport通常指“户外运动”,以锻炼为主,概念较大;game意思是“运动、比赛”,不管户内户外还是脑力体力,指以胜负为主的运动;match意为“竞赛、比赛”,多指正式比赛;race主要表示“赛跑、赛马、赛车”。如:People all around the world enjoy sports.(全世界的人都喜爱运动) / The Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.(2008奥运会将在北京举行)(被动句) / Our school football team won the leaguematch(联赛).(我们学校足球队取得了联赛冠军) / They were strong and won the boat race.(汤他们很棒,赢得了划艇比赛)
2、festival、holiday、vacation的区别:festival“节日”,指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文娱活动;holiday(假日、休息日),指法定假日或风俗习惯,复数可以表示一个较长的假期;vacation“假期”,指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。如:The Shanghai TelevisionFestival will be held next month.(上海电视节将在下个月举行) / Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.(星期天是个假日,多数人不工作) / What are you going to do during the summer vacation/holidays?(在暑期你打算做什么事情?)
3、journey、tour、trip、travel的区别:journey指在陆地上(或海上或空中)进行的长途旅行,不知终点,含有辛苦的意思;tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,强调游览多处,常用来指观光等;trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行,如出差度假等;travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行,尤其指到国外,没有明确目的地,也作不可数名词,指旅行这一行为。如:He made up his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行)/ He has gone on a walking tour.(他步行观光去了) / He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar.(去年他去了上海好几次) / Did you go to Santiago(圣地亚哥) during your travels?(旅行期间你去圣地亚哥了吗?) /Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.(在密林里边穿行是很危险的)
4、sound、noise、voice的区别:sound指各种声音;noise主要指“噪音”;voice指人的“嗓音”。如:The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠) / All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.(突然间传来几声枪响和一声尖叫) / The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.(因为感冒的缘故,这个歌唱家失去了她银铃般的嗓音)
5、fish的问题:指许多条鱼且不管种类时,用fish,单复数相同;fishes指许多种类的鱼;fish指“鱼肉”时是不可数名词。如:There are many kinds of fishes in the pool. (池子里有很多种类的鱼)/ I prefer fish to meat.(与肉相比我更喜欢鱼)
接动词原形作宾补的11个常用动词
feel sb. do sth. 感觉某人做了某事
have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事
let sb. do sth.让某人做某事
listen to sb. do sth. 听着某人做某事
look at sb. do sth. 看着某人做了某事
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
notice sb. do sth. 注意某人做了某事
observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做了某事
see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事
watch sb. do sth. 观察某人做了某事
接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的12个动词
like to do sth / like doing sth. 喜欢做某事
love to do sth / love doing sth. 喜欢做某事
hate to do sth / hate doing sth. 憎恨做某事
prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth. 宁可做某事
begin to do sth / begin doing sth. 开始做某事
continue to do sth / continue doing sth. 继续做某事
can’t bear to do sth / can’t bear doing sth. 不能忍受做某事
bother to do sth / bother doing sth. 麻烦做某事
intend to do sth / intend doing sth. 打算做某事
attempt to do sth / attempt doing sth. 试图做某事
cease to do sth / cease doing sth. 停止做某事
接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的7个动词
(1) remember to do sth. 记住要做某事
remember doing sth. 记住曾做过某事
(2) forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记曾做过某事
(3) regret to do sth. 后悔(遗憾)要做某事
regret doing sth. 后悔(遗憾)曾做过某事
(4) try to do sth. 努力去做某事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事
(5) mean to do sth. 打算做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
(6) can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事
(7) go on to do sth. 做完某事后接着做另一事
go on doing sth. 继续做一直在做的事
篇3:高中英语语法常用动词
兼做及物与不及物动词的常用动词
有些动词有两个或两个以上的意思,套用上述方法,可以判断出有些动词有时可当及物动词,有时亦可当不及物动词。此类动词在英语中为数不少,同学在平日的阅读中就应当注意。下面列举的动词提供参考:
sing vt.唱(一首歌)/vi.唱歌
run vt.经营(工厂)/vi.跑步
study vt.研究(问题)/vi.读书
kill vt.杀(某人)/vi.杀戮
不及物动词+同源名词
有些不及物动词,可变成及物动词,以同源名词做其宾语。
例:dream vi.做梦 vt.dream a terrible dream(做一个可怕的梦)
live vi.生活 vt.live a happy life(过快乐的生活)
smile vi.微笑 vt.smile a bright smile(露出开朗的微笑)
laugh vi.大笑 vt.laugh a hearty laugh(开怀大笑)
sigh vi.叹气 vt.sigh a deep sigh(深深地叹一口气。)
sleep vi.睡眠 vt.sleep a sound sleep(舒服地睡了一觉)
完全及物动词与完全不及物动词
以上我们已得知,完全及物动词和完全不及物动词的判断方法。在此,我们就为此两种动词定下明确的定义:
(1)完全及物动词:即加了宾语后,意思才完全的动词。
he killed her.
(他杀了她。)
(2)完全不及物动词:即不需加宾语,意思就很完全的动词。
例:he laughed.
(他大笑。)
篇4:高中英语语法动词时态
1.整体介绍 <1>时态的概况;<2>学习的重点;<3>学习的方法――非常9+1; 时态:独孤九剑+特殊时态;语态:结合考察以及单独考察; 2.时态学习: <1>独孤九剑A 心法 B 一招一式 <2>时态的推理学习<3>特殊时态的对比 3.语态学习<1>结合类题目的做法 <2>单独考察的题目的做法
四、动词时态和语态
问题:动词为何成为学习的重点? 原因:它是组成英文句子当中的核心部分。 学习的三方面:第一 动词的是时态语态; 第二 动词的情态动词; 第三 非谓语动词.
第一部分 快乐大篷车
一、动词的时态 问题:为什么重点讲述时态问题? 原因:时态的使用决定了语态的使用。
<1>学习的方法――非常9+1 介绍时态的整体构成: 1. 与汉语的区别: 吃! 2. 时态的组成部分为时间和状态; 时间包括:过去时间、现在时间、将来时间 、过去将来时间; 过去将来时间:从过去的时间里面,讨论未来还没有发生的事情.
状态包括:一般状态、进行状态、完成状态 、完成进行状态;
(共计:4×4=16种时态)
例:现在时间,对应四种不同的状态; 一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时;
独孤九剑(方法) 总:(轴)――修炼心法 时间轴: (从左往右) <1>过去时间点、现在时间点、将来时间点
过去进行时、现在进行时、将来进行时 共同点:都为进行状态;所有进行状态共同特征为“正在发生”;
<2>过去时间点、现在时间点、将来时间点
过去完成时、现在完成时、将来完成时
定义:过去的某时间点停止,并对过去某时间点产生影响,称之为过去完成时;
定义:过去的某时间点开始发生,持续现在停止并对现在某时间点产生影响,称之为过去完成时;
“完成”二字的特征:影响;只有在完成状态中,才会有“影响”的出现;
<3>过去时间点、现在时间点、将来时间点
一般过去时、一般现在时、一般将来时
定义:大量的过去时间里,普遍发生的动作,称之为一般过去时;
共同特征:在一段时间内发生的;
回顾:如果一个时间点上发生的动作正在发生,称为进行状态; 如果一个动作对某时间点产生某种影响,称为完成状态; 如果一个动作普遍地在一段时间内发生,成为一般状态.
一招一式:死穴&怪招(重点讲解四种时态)
【一般现在时】 死穴关键词一:存在性真理;关键词二:习惯;关键词三:反复发生。
Eg:1 太阳从东边升起――>存在 2 我每天六点起床――>习惯
3I love you.――>反复发生
(1)死穴:反复发生; (2)怪招:第一 在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中,表示将来发生的动作. 第二 规定好的动作,必须不易改变.
Eg:如果不付诸行动,一切梦想都毫无价值。 All dreams are of no value unless they are followed by action.
Eg:The plane will take off at 9:00. 由上可知:The plane takes off at 9:00.(一般表将来)
【一般将来时】 (1)死穴:尚未发生; (2)怪招:第一 will/shall:shall:第一人称;will,第二三人称;现代英语中,will
也可用于第一人称;当will在条件句中的时候不表示“将来”,而是表示“意愿、推论”
第二 be going to+V与be about to+V: be about to+V必须是马上、眼下发生的将来;
be about to+V比be going to+V表更近的未来
问题:如果出现tomorrow,该使用哪种引导? 首先确定不使用be about to;
第三 be to + V:强调将来的“义务、命令、吩咐等” 注意:当表达“义务、命令、吩咐”这些概念时,只能使用“bo to do”;
Eg:You are to come back by 9:00. (此句只能够使用bo to do结构)
【现在进行时】 (1)死穴:正在发生; (2)怪招:现在进行时态与频度副词连用时, 而是表示一种极其强烈的个人情绪; 注解:和动作发生频率相关的副词,即为频度副词.(offten、always等)
Eg:You are always laughing at me!!! You are laughing at me!!! 你正在嘲笑我!!!
Eg:You are always laughing at me!!! 你老是嘲笑我!!!
篇5:不可数名词高中英语语法
不可数名词高中英语语法
want(any) advice or help.I want(some)information.
我不需要任何忠告或帮助。我想得到一些信息。
He has had no experience in this sort of work.
他干这种活没经验。
这些名词前往往加some(一些),any(任何),no(没有),a lit-tle(少许)等词,或加名词bit(一点儿),piece(片),slice(一部分)等+of结构:
a bit of news一件消息
a cake of soap一块肥皂
a drop of oil一滴油
a grain of sand一粒沙子
a pane of glass一块玻璃
a piece of advice一条忠告
a pot of jam一罐果酱
a sheet of paper一页纸
C. 以上几组词中的大部分在特殊情况下可用为可数名词,可在单数前加a/an,也可变为复数形式。例如,hair指一个人头上的全部头发时,是不可数名词;如果指每一根毛发时,就是可数的,可以说one hair(一根头发),two hairs(两根头发等):
Her hair is black.Whenever she finds a grey hair she pulls it out.
她的头发是黑的。她只要发现有一根白发就将它拔掉。
可以说喝beer(啤酒),coffee(咖啡),gin(杜松子酒),但要酒水的`时候说a(cup of)coffer(一杯啤酒),a gin(一杯杜松子酒),two gins(两杯杜松子酒)等。
可以说喝wine(葡萄酒),但必须说enjoy a good wine(品尝一种好酒),喝酒时用a glass或glasses(玻璃杯),也可以walk ina wood/woods(在小树林里散步)。
experience指某人的经历时是可数名词:
He had an exciting experience/some exciting experiences(=adventure/s)last week.
上星期他有一次/一些激动人心的经历。
work指职业/就业/工作时是不可数名词:
He is looking for work/for a job.
他在求职/找一份工作。
works(只有复数形式)可意为“工厂”或“机器的运转部分”。
works(通常用复数形式)指文学或音乐作品:
Shakespeare’s complete works莎士比亚全集
D. 一些抽象名词具有特殊意义时可带a/an。这些词有:
a help:
My children are a great help to me.
孩子们是我的得力帮手。
A good map would be a help.
一张好地图可能会有用处。
a relief:
It was a relief to sit down.
坐下来感到松了口气。
a knowledge+of:
He had a good knowledge of mathematics.
他深谙数学。
a dislike(讨厌)/dread(害怕)/hatred(仇恨)/horror(害怕)/love(热爱)+of结构也可这样使用:
a love of music对音乐的爱好
a hatred of violence对暴力的憎恨
a mercy(仁慈)/pity(怜悯)/shame(耻辱)/wonder(惊奇)可以和it引导的that从句一起使用:
It’s a pity you weren’t here.
你当时不在场太遗憾了。
It’s a shame he wasn’t paid.
他没拿到酬劳真丢人。
it+be+a pity/shame+动词不定式结构也是可能的:
It would be a pity to cut down these trees.
如果把这些树砍掉,那太可惜了。
E. a fear/fears(忧虑),a hope/hopes(希望),a suspicion/suspicions(猜疑)
这类词可与由there引导的that从句连用:
There is a fear/There are fears that he has been murdered.
恐怕他已经被谋杀了。
也可以用have a suspicion that…结构。
一件事可以arouse a fear/fears,a hope/hopes,a suspicion/suspi-cions等,意思是引起恐惧/希望/怀疑等。
篇6:高中英语语法名词练习
1.He was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly live on his_______.
a. little wage b. few wage c. wage d. wages
2.Most of the houses in the village were burnt to ______ during the war.
a. an ash b. the ash c. ash d. ashes
3.The students at colleges or universities are making ______ for the coming New Year.
a. many preparations b. much preparation c. preparations d. preparation
4.Paiting in _____ is one of their spare-time activities.
a. oil b. an oil c. oils d. the oil
5.In the view of the foreign experts, there wasn’t ____ oil here.
a. much b. lots of c. a great deal of d. many
6.The large houses are being painted, but ______.
a. of great expense b. at a great expense c. in a lot of expenses d. by high expense
7.The room was small and contained far too ______.
a.much new furniture c. much new furnitures
b.many new furniture d. many new furnitures
8.Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______.
a. rooms number b. room number c. room’s numbers d. room numbers
9.Computers can do ______ work in a short time, but a man can not do ______ by himself.
a great many…many c. much…a great deal
b.great deal of…much d. many…a great many
10.She didn’t know _____ he had been given.
a. how many information c. how many informations
b. the number of information d. how much information
11.He invited all of his ______ to join his wedding party.
a. comrade-in-arms c. comrades-in-arm
b. comrades-in-arms d. comrade-in-arm
12.All the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month.
a. women doctors c. woman doctors
b. women doctor d. woman doctor
13.After ten years, all these youngsters became_____.
a. growns-ups c. growns-up
b. grown-up d. grown-ups
14.The police investigated those _____ about the accident.
a. stander-by c. standers-by
b. stander-bys d. standers-bys
15.The Nazi kept those ______ in their concentration camp.
a.prisoner-of-wars c. prisoners-of-war
b.prisoners-of-wars d. prisoner-of-war
16.The manager was greatly appreciate that _____ made by Linda lately.
a. new reel b. news reel c. new-reels d. news reels
17.Mary’s dress is similar in appearance to her ______.
a. elder sister b. elder sister’s c. elder sisters d. elder sisters dress
18.All the people at the conference are ______.
a. mathematic teachers c. mathematics teacher
b.mathematics teachers d. mathematic’s teachers
19.Professor Mackay told us that ______ of lead are its softness and its resistance.
a. some property c. properties
b. some properties d. property
20.Physics _____ with matter and motion.
a. deal b. deals c. dealing d. are
答案
1-5DDCCA
6-10CADCD
11-15CADBB
16-20BBCCB
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