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雅思阅读的精读训练真的没有效果么?方法不对而已

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“豆鲸溪”为你分享9篇“雅思阅读的精读训练真的没有效果么?方法不对而已”，经本站小编整理后发布，但愿对你的工作、学习、生活带来方便。

篇1：雅思阅读的精读训练真的没有效果么?方法不对而已

精读是一种称为传奇一般的经典雅思阅读能力的训练方法。说得更直白点，就是针对剑桥雅思的阅读文章的精读，弄懂每一篇的重点词汇，表达，各种句型，并努力模仿造句或者翻译一些长难句。雅思高分前辈也把雅思的精读和精听并列为屠鸭最宝贵的经验和方法，但是往往有人会在尝试几次后便感叹：没有用哇!其实真的是这样的么?下面讲一讲怎样才是正确的精读方法。

雅思阅读的精读训练真的没有效果么?方法不对而已!

怎么读才是精读?

精读意味着仔细读，认真读，读到骨头里，不要只查查词，看看句子意思。如果是这样, 这还没达到精读的深度。

举个例子 513

For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that natural resources are running out; that the population is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat; that species are becoming extinct in vast numbers, and that the planet's air and water are becoming ever more polluted.

精读的步骤

第一步从词汇(单词, 短语)入手：把句子里的单词(主要是动词，形容词，副词)这三类词达到认知程度, 拓展同义词,派生词等，因为根据雅思阅读考点的出现频率看，这三类词最容易被替换。如果时间允许，再看看名词里的抽象名词，物质名词采取猜词技巧可以解决。例如以上的句子：

动词：

run out(拓展 exhaust/use up, 例如832 );

grow(拓展growth/increase/progress….例如441);

leave(拓展不仅表示“留下来，离开的意思，还可以表示使处于某种状态, 例如721);

eat(拓展 feed, 例如412);

extinct(拓展extinction/die out 例如513);

pollute(拓展 pollution/pollutant 例如532);

形容词和副词：worse; main; natural; less; vast;

名词：environmentalist; fear; resource; population; species; planet;

第二步从语法结构入手：分清句子的主谓宾或主系表;如果是复合句或长难句，拆分成简单句;例如: They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that …..; that ……..; that…….., and that ……….. 此句后面的冒号是解释说明,后面有四个小分句;

第三步从段落结构入手: 分析段落内的连贯和衔接关系,并分析段落中的句子是如何衔接的. 例如: 以上的段落是总分结构总: For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. 分: They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that …; that …..; that .,…., and that …..

第四步试着用不同的单词，不同的语法结构进行改写(paraphrase)，这个步骤称为“二度创作” 。刚开始训练时比较痛苦，因为在脑海中要搜寻学过的东西加以整理，这本身就是一个需要思考的过程。等训练多了形成自己的思维体系及语言表达能力后，输出改写就会得心应手了。例如上一段的改写

A number of environmentalists hold a pessimistic view of the earth. They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that natural resources are exhausted; that the number of people is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat; that a vast number of species are dying out, and that air and water are polluted more seriously.

(2)RE精读策略

re是前缀, 意思是重复. RE精读策略意味着反复精读. 根据人类大脑记忆规律, 刚刚记完的知识记住了100%, 过了20分之后剩下58.2%................我们要进行二次精读, 三次精读…….. 直到读透为止. 古人云: “温故而知新”, 读第一遍和读第二遍对文章的理解是不同的, 读第一遍时,有的学生可能只记得个别单词,短语等; 读第二遍可能对句子之间的关系, 段落结构, 篇章结构就有了更深层次的理解.

(3)“瞻前顾后”的学习方法

我们尽量利用”瞻前顾后”的方法把当前学到的单词,短语等与之前精读文章里的单词短语等联系起来, 达到融会贯通, 触类旁通. 学习是输入和输出并行的过程, 输入就是学习者由外到内获取语言知识，精读就是很好的输入方式;输出就是学习者将所学的知识由内而外的再现过程。精读这个过程是输入, 输入后要消化, 吸收, 然后输出，这样才是个完整的学习过程. 如果只有输入, 没有输出, 会影响学习效果.

雅思阅读材料大集合：阿里巴巴宣布启动在美IPO

Alibaba Group Holding Ltd, China's largest e-commerce vendor, has officially confirmed it will hold an initial public offering in the United States, the company has announced.

The decision will “make [Alibaba] a more global company and enhance the company’s transparency, as well as allow the company to continue to pursue our long-term vision and ideals,” according to a company statement sent on Sunday to China Daily.

It did not specify which bourse it will choose to float its shares, or give a detailed timetable.

Alibaba said that, should circumstances permit in the future, it will work towards toward extending its public status in China’s capital market in order to share its growth with the Chinese people.

The company also expressed gratitude towards those in Hong Kong who have supported Alibaba Group, including the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, which shut the door on a potential listing last September.

“We respect the viewpoints and policies of Hong Kong and will continue to pay close attention to and support the process of innovation and development of Hong Kong,” the statement added.

Hong Kong regulators rejected Alibaba's IPO because of the firm's special request to keep a shareholder structure which would have allowed a group of top managers and founders to nominate and control the company's board of directors.

The unique requirement went against the exchange's one-share-one-vote principle.

The statement puts an end to rampant rumors about Alibaba’s choice of listing venue.

For example, the firm's recent purchase of a stake in a Hong Kong-listed company prompted speculation that Alibaba might use the deal to go public.

Analysts polled by Reuters have put Alibaba's market value at around $140 billion and the value of the IPO at $15 billion. If successful, it will go public in the world's biggest listing since Facebook Inc's debut in .

The announcement came just two days after micro-blogging service Sina Weibo filed to raise $500 million via a US IPO. Alibaba holds 18 percent of Sina Weibo's shares.

阿里巴巴集团16日宣布，启动在美国的上市事宜。

阿里巴巴集团表示，启动在美IPO为使公司更加透明、国际化，进一步实现阿里巴巴的长期愿景和理想。

作为中国的电子商务集团，自旗下子公司于私有化以来，阿里巴巴集团谋求整体IPO的举动一直备受关注。

此前有机构预计，阿里巴巴上市有可能成为美国近年来规模的IPO，估值在千亿美元左右。

去年10月，阿里巴巴集团曾公开回应关于其IPO的热议，集团CEO陆兆禧当时宣布，阿里巴巴决定不选择在香港上市。

以下为阿里巴巴公告全文：

阿里巴巴今天决定启动在美国的上市事宜，以使公司更加透明、国际化，进一步实现阿里巴巴的长期愿景和理想。未来条件允许，我们将积极参与回归国内资本市场，与国内投资者共同分享公司的成长。

感谢香港各界人士对阿里巴巴的关心和支持。我们尊重香港现时的相关政策和出发点，并将会一如既往地关注、参与并支持香港的创新和发展。

阿里巴巴集团

3月16日

雅思阅读材料大集合：生活艰难时需要做的13件事

We’ve all gone through hard times. And we all get through them. However, some get through them better than others. So what is their secret? Most of it has to do with attitude. Here are 13 things to remember when life gets rough:

我们都有过灰暗的日子，也都熬过来了。然而有些的人心态会比其他人要好，他们的秘诀是什么?其实主要就是取决于你的态度罢了。看看生活艰难时可以做的13件事吧。

1. What is, is

坦然接受现实

Buddha’s famous saying tells us: “It is your resistance to ‘what is’ that causes your suffering.” Think about that for a minute. It means that our suffering only occurs when we resist how things are. If you can change something, then take action! Change it! But if you can’t change it, then you have two choices: (1) either accept it and let go of the negativity, or (2) make yourself miserable by obsessing over it.

佛教有句经典的话：“你的痛苦都源于对现实的抗拒。”好好想想这句话。这意味着只有当你不接受现实时才会产生痛苦。如果你能改变什么，那就开始行动吧，改变它!但如果无法改变，你就有两个选择，(1)要不去接受要不就忽视消极的部分，或者(2)不断的折磨自己让自己更加痛苦

2. It’s only a problem if you think it’s a problem

只有你觉得这是个问题的时候才会是个问题

Many times, we are our own worst enemy. Happiness is really dependent on perspective. If you think something is a problem, then your thoughts and emotions will be negative. But if you think it’s something you can learn from, then suddenly, it’s not a problem anymore.

很多时候，我们是自己的敌人。幸福取决于你的观察角度。如果你觉得一件事是个问题，那么你的想法和情绪都会变得消极。但如果你觉得这是学习的好机会，看看，突然就不是啥问题了。

3. If you want things to change, you need to start with changing yourself

如果你想改变什么，那就从改变自己开始吧

Your outer world is a reflection of your inner world. Don’t you know people whose lives are chaotic and stressful? And isn’t that largely because they feel chaotic inside? Yes, it is. We like to think that changing our circumstances will change us. But we have it backwards—we need to change ourselves first before our circumstances will change.

你的外在是内在的一个反应。你难道不觉得那些外表看起来乱糟糟亚历山大的人们其实内心也是一团乱麻么?的确是这样。我们总是觉得改变环境就能改变自己。其实我们弄反了-我们需要先改变自己才能随之改变环境。

4. There is no such thing as failure—only learning opportunities

没什么失败-这只是一个学习的机会而已

You should just wipe the word “failure” right out of your vocabulary. All great people who have ever achieved anything have “failed” over and over. In fact, I think it was Thomas Edison who said something like, “I did not fail at inventing the light bulb, I just first found 99 ways that it didn’t work.” Take your so-called “failures” and learn something from them. Learn how to do it better next time.

把“失败“这个词从你的字典里抹去吧。很多成就大事业的人都曾不止一次的失败过。实际上，我非常赞同爱迪生说的那句话”我从来没有在发明灯泡的过程中失败过，我只是找到了99种不可行的办法而已。“把你那些所谓的”失败“当成学习的机会吧。学着下次怎么做的更好。

5. If you don’t get something you want, it just means something better is coming

如果没有得到想要的，只说明你值得拥有更好的

That’s hard to believe sometimes, I know. But it’s true. Usually, when you look back at your life, you will be able to see why it was actually a good thing that something didn’t work out. Maybe the job you didn’t get would have made you spend more time away from your family, but the job you did get was more flexible. Just have faith that everything happens exactly the way it’s supposed to.

有时候的确很难去相信，但这是真的。通常，当你回过头看一看，就会发现正是一些事没有成功才会有后面的好事发生。也许那个没有拿到手的工作会让你无比繁忙没法陪家人，而获得的职位上班时间更加自由。只要相信，每件事都会有暗藏的方向。

6. Appreciate the present moment

珍惜当下

This moment will never come again. And there is always something precious about every moment. So don’t let it pass you by! Soon it will just be a memory. Even moments that don’t seem happy can be looked upon as something that you might miss someday. As the country song by Trace Adkins says, “You’re gonna miss this…you’re gonna want this back. You’re gonna wish these days hadn’t gone by so fast….you may not know this now, but you’re gonna miss this…”

正当时一去不复返。每个时刻都有宝贵的东西。所以不要让时间匆匆溜走!很快现在也会成为你回忆的一部分。每个你不快乐的时光在日后都会成为你去想念回忆的部分。就想Trace Adkin在乡村歌曲里唱的那般：”你会去怀念，会想重头再来。你会希望这些日子没有飞速流逝，也许现在你不知道，但你真的会去想念“

7. Let go of desire

减少欲望

Most people live with “attached mind.” What this means is that they attach themselves to a desire, and when they don’t get it, their emotions plummet into negativity. Instead, try to practice “detached mind.” That means that when you want something, you will still be happy whether you get it or not. Your emotions remain happy or neutral.

很多人在”欲望中“生存。也就是他们会把自己和欲望紧紧联系在一起，当没有得到满足，他们的就会产生消极的情绪。与其这样，不如试着给自己的思想减负吧。意思就是你想要什么的时候，无论得到没得到都会一样的开心。你的情绪不会受到太大的干扰。

8. Understand and be grateful for your fears

理解感激你的恐惧

Fear can be a great teacher. And overcoming fears can also make you feel victorious. For example, when I was in college, I feared public speaking (one of the top 3 fears of all humans). So I find it humorous now that not only do I speak in front of a group every day by being a college professor, I also teach public speaking! Overcoming fears just takes practice. Fear is really just an illusion. It’s optional.

恐惧可以是你的好老师。战胜恐惧也能让你更加强大。比如，我读大学的时候，我害怕公开演讲(这大概是排名前三会让人类恐惧的事情)。然而现在我不仅会作为一个大学教授每天在一群人面前说话，还会教公开演讲的课程，这真是非常有意思的事情。战胜恐惧需要联系。恐惧只是幻觉，就看你的选择了。

9. Allow yourself to experience joy

允许自己享乐

Believe it or not, I know way too many people who don’t allow themselves to have fun. And they don’t even know how to be happy. Some people are actually addicted to their problems and the chaos in them so much that they wouldn’t even know who they are without them. So try to allow yourself to be happy! Even if it’s just for a small moment, it’s important to focus on joy, not your hardships.

信不信，我知道很多人都不允许自己玩乐。他们甚至不知道如何开心。有些人深陷自身麻烦和烦扰无法自拔甚至不愿意试图去摆脱。所以要让自己开心起来!哪怕是很短的时间，好好的乐一乐非常重要，不要总是执迷于痛苦。

10. Don’t compare yourself to other people

不要跟别人比

But if you do compare yourself, compare yourself with people who have it worse than you. Unemployed? Be grateful that you live in a country that gives unemployment compensation, because most people in the world live on less that $750 a year. So you don’t look like Angelina Jolie? Well, I bet there are more people who don’t than do. And you are probably way better looking than most people. Focus on that.

如果真的要去比，那就把自己和比你差的人拿来比较吧。失业?感激你的国家还有失业保障制度吧，世界上大部分人年薪不到750美金。自己没有安吉丽娜朱莉那么漂亮?好吧，我觉得基本上大家都满足不了这点。而且你比大部分人好看。多想想这些吧。

11. You are not a victim

你不是受害者

You need to get out of your own way. You are only a “victim” of your own thoughts, words and actions. No one “does” something to you. You are the creator of your own experience. Take personal responsibility and realize that you can get out of your hard times. You just need to start with changing your thoughts and actions. Abandon your victim mentality and become victorious. From victim to VICTOR!

你需要从自己的框架中走出来。你只是自己想法、语言和行为的受害者。其他人不能对你做任何事。你是自己生活的导演。对自己负责，相信自己有能力走出困境。你只需要改变自己的想法和行动。把那种受害者心理赶走，积极点吧，从受害者转为成功者!

12. Things can—and do—change

事情可以——可以——改变

“And this too shall pass” is one of my favorite sayings. When we are stuck in a bad situation, we think that there is no way out. We think nothing will ever change. But guess what? It will! Nothing is permanent except death. So get out of the habit of thinking that things will always be this way. They won’t. But you do need to take some sort of action for things to change. It won’t magically happen all on its own.

“一切都会过去的”是我最喜欢的一句话。当我们身处困境，感觉毫无出路。我们觉得一切不会好转了。但猜猜会怎样?会好起来的!除去死亡没有什么是永恒的。所以不要再去固执的认为事情会一成不变了。都会变的。你需要行动起来做出改变。事情不会自己神奇的去发生转变的。“

13. Anything is possible

一切皆有可能

Miracles happen every day. Really—they do. I wish I had enough space to write about all the miraculous things that have happened to people I know—from healing stage 4 cancer naturally to having their soul mate appear out of nowhere. Trust me: it happens all the time. You just need to believe it does. Once you do, you have won the battle.

每天都有奇迹。真的是这样。我真希望有足够的空间写下那些发生过的奇迹-从四期癌症中自然治愈到突然遇到另一半。相信我：奇迹一直都在发生。你只需要去相信。一旦你信了，就赢了。

雅思阅读的精读训练真的没有效果么?方法不对而已

篇2：雅思阅读的精读训练

雅思阅读的精读训练真的没有效果么?

怎么读才是精读?

精读意味着仔细读，认真读，读到骨头里，不要只查查词，看看句子意思。如果是这样, 这还没达到精读的深度。

举个例子 513

精读的步骤

动词：

run out(拓展 exhaust/use up, 例如832 );

grow(拓展growth/increase/progress….例如441);

leave(拓展不仅表示“留下来，离开的意思，还可以表示使处于某种状态, 例如721);

eat(拓展 feed, 例如412);

extinct(拓展extinction/die out 例如513);

pollute(拓展 pollution/pollutant 例如532);

形容词和副词：worse; main; natural; less; vast;

名词：environmentalist; fear; resource; population; species; planet;

(2)RE精读策略

(3)“瞻前顾后”的学习方法

雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析

1. A European spacecraft took off today to spearhead the search for another ”Earth“ among the stars.

2. The Corot space telescope blasted off aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket from the Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan shortly after 2.20pm.

3. Corot, short for convection rotation and planetary transits, is the first instrument capable of finding small rocky planets beyond the solar system. Any such planet situated in the right orbit stands a good chance of having liquid water on its surface, and quite possibly life, although a leading scientist involved in the project said it was unlikely to find ”any little green men“.

4. Developed by the French space agency, CNES, and partnered by the European Space Agency (ESA), Austria, Belgium, Germany, Brazil and Spain, Corot will monitor around 120,000 stars with its 27cm telescope from a polar orbit 514 miles above the Earth. Over two and a half years, it will focus on five to six different areas of the sky, measuring the brightness of about 10,000 stars every 512 seconds.

5. ”At the present moment we are hoping to find out more about the nature of planets around stars which are potential habitats. We are looking at habitable planets, not inhabited planets. We are not going to find any little green men,“ Professor Ian Roxburgh, an ESA scientist who has been involved with Corot since its inception, told the BBC Radio 4 Today programme.

6. Prof Roxburgh said it was hoped Corot would find ”rocky planets that could develop an atmosphere and, if they are the right distance from their parent star, they could have water“.

7. To search for planets, the telescope will look for the dimming of starlight caused when an object passes in front of a star, known as a ”transit“. Although it will take more sophisticated space telescopes planned in the next 10 years to confirm the presence of an Earth-like planet with oxygen and liquid water, Corot will let scientists know where to point their lenses.

8. Measurements of minute changes in brightness will enable scientists to detect giant Jupiter-like gas planets as well as small rocky ones. It is the rocky planets - that could be no bigger than about twice the size of the Earth - which will cause the most excitement. Scientists expect to find between 10 and 40 of these smaller planets.

9. Corot will also probe into stellar interiors by studying the acoustic waves that ripple across the surface of stars, a technique called ”asteroseismology“.

10. The nature of the ripples allows astronomers to calculate a star’s precise mass, age and chemical composition.

11. ”A planet passing in front of a star can be detected by the fall in light from that star. Small oscillations of the star also produce changes in the light emitted, which reveal what the star is made of and how they are structured internally. This data will provide a major boost to our understanding of how stars form and evolve,“ Prof Roxburgh said.

12. Since the discovery in 1995 of the first ”exoplanet“ - a planet orbiting a star other than the Sun - more than 200 others have been found by ground-based observatories.

13. Until now the usual method of finding exoplanets has been to detect the ”wobble“ their gravity imparts on parent stars. But only giant gaseous planets bigger than Jupiter can be found this way, and they are unlikely to harbour life.

14. In the s, ESA plans to launch Darwin, a fleet of four or five interlinked space telescopes that will not only spot small rocky planets, but analyse their atmospheres for signs of biological activity.

15. At around the same time, the US space agency, Nasa, will launch Terrestrial Planet Finder, another space telescope designed to locate Earth-like planets. Choose the appropriate letter from A-D for question 1.

1. Corot is an instrument which

(A) can help to search for certain planets

(B) is used to find planets in the orbit

(D) can spot any planets with water.

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 2-5 write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contraicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage

2. Scientists are trying to find out about the planets that can be inhabited.

3. BBC Radio 4 recently focuses on the broadcasting of Corot.

4. Passing objects might cause a fall in light.

5. Corot can tell whether there is another Earth-like planet.

雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析

1. British scientists are preparing to launch trials of a radical new way to fight cancer, which kills tumours by infecting them with viruses like the common cold.

2. If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects.

3. Leonard Seymour, a professor of gene therapy at Oxford University, who has been working on the virus therapy with colleagues in London and the US, will lead the trials later this year. Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour's pioneering techniques.

4. One of the country's leading geneticists, Prof Seymour has been working with viruses that kill cancer cells directly, while avoiding harm to healthy tissue. ”In principle, you've got something which could be many times more effective than regular chemotherapy,“ he said.

5. Cancer-killing viruses exploit the fact that cancer cells suppress the body's local immune system. ”If a cancer doesn't do that, the immune system wipes it out. If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because there's no immune system to stop them replicating. You can regard it as the cancer's Achilles' heel.“

6. Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer. ”They replicate, you get a million copies in each cell and the cell bursts and they infect the tumour cells adjacent and repeat the process,“ said Prof Seymour.

7. Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drugs. ”It's an interesting possibility that they may have an advantage in killing drug-resistant tumours, which could be quite different to anything we've had before.“

8. Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. American scientists have previously injected viruses directly into tumours but this technique will not work if the cancer is inaccessible or has spread throughout the body.

9. Prof Seymour's innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body's immune system, effectively allowing the viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs do - spread through the blood and reach tumours wherever they are. The big hurdle has always been to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours via the bloodstream without the body's immune system destroying them on the way.

10. ”What we've done is make chemical modifications to the virus to put a polymer coat around it - it's a stealth virus when you inject it,“ he said.

11. After the stealth virus infects the tumour, it replicates, but the copies do not have the chemical modifications. If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body's immune system.

12. The therapy would be especially useful for secondary cancers, called metastases, which sometimes spread around the body after the first tumour appears. ”There's an awful statistic of patients in the west ... with malignant cancers; 75% of them go on to die from metastases,“ said Prof Seymour.

13. Two viruses are likely to be examined in the first clinical trials: adenovirus, which normally causes a cold-like illness, and vaccinia, which causes cowpox and is also used in the vaccine against smallpox. For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses.

14. The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed. Several more years of trials will be needed, eventually also on the polymer-coated viruses, before the therapy can be considered for use in the NHS. Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, Prof Seymour hopes that one day it might be applied to all cancers.

Questions 1-6 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 1-6 write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage

1.Virus therapy, if successful, has an advantage in eliminating side-effects.

2.Cancer Research UK is quite hopeful about Professor Seymour’s work on the virus therapy.

3.Virus can kill cancer cells and stop them from growing again.

4.Cancer’s Achilles’ heel refers to the fact that virus may stay safely in a tumor and replicate.

5.To infect the cancer cells, a good deal of viruses should be injected into the tumor.

6.Researches on animals indicate that virus could be used as a new way to treat drug-resistant tumors.

Question 7-9 Based on the reading passage, choose the appropriate letter from A-D for each answer.

7.Information about researches on viruses killing tumor cells can be found

(A) on TV

(B) in magazines

(D) in newspapers

8.To treat tumors spreading out in body, researchers try to

(A) change the body’ immune system

(B) inject chemotherapy drugs into bloodstream.

(D) disguise the viruses on the way to tumors.

9.When the chemical modified virus in tumor replicates, the copies

(A) will soon escape from the tumor and spread out.

(B) will be wiped out by the body’s immune system.

(D) will eventually stop the tumor from spreading out.

Questions 10-13 Complete the sentences below. Choose your answers from the list of words. You can only use each word once.

NB There are more words in the list than spaces so you will not use them all.

In the first clinical trials, scientists will try to ……10…… adenovirus and vaccinia, so both the viruses will be less pathogenic than the ……11…….These uncoated viruses will be applied directly to certain areas to confirm safety on human beings and the right ……12…… needed. The experiments will firstly be ……13……to the treatment of certain cancers

Questions 10-13 Complete the sentences below. Choose your answers from the list of words. You can only use each word once.

NB There are more words in the list than spaces so you will not use them all.

List of Words

dosage responding smallpox virus

disable natural ones inject

directed treatment cold-like illness

kill patients examined

Answers Keys:

1.答案：FALSE (见第2段：If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects. Virus therapy 只能避免一些副作用，而不是根除。)

2.答案：TRUE (见第3段，特别是最后一句： Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour's pioneering techniques. )

3. 答案：NOT GIVEN (文中没有提到virus可以抑制肿瘤细胞再生长)

4. 答案：TRUE (见第5段第3、4句：这里“cancer’s Achilles' heel”指 “If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because there's no immune system to stop them replicating.” Achilles' heel的意思是“唯一致命弱点”)

5. 答案：FALSE (见第6段第第1句：Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer.)

6. 答案：TRUE (见第7段：Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drug. ……, which could be quite different to anything we've had before.” )

7. 答案：B (见第8段第1、2句：Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. Journal意思是“日报、期刊、杂志”)

8. 答案：D (见第9段第1句：Prof Seymour's innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body's immune system, …… “mask”的意思是“掩盖、隐蔽、伪装”，在这里和 “disguise”同义。)

9. 答案：B (见第11段第2句： If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body's immune system.. “mop up”这里与 “wipe out” 同义，意思是“消灭、歼灭”。)

10.答案：disable (见第13段最后1句：For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses. )

11. 答案：natural ones (见第13段最后1句：For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses. )

12. 答案：dosage (见第14段第1句：The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed.)

13. 答案：directed (见第14段最后1句：Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, …)

篇3：掌握雅思阅读精读训练的正确方法

掌握雅思阅读精读训练的正确方法

精读(intensive reading)是相对于泛读(extensive reading)来说的。如果泛读可以理解为“广泛的读”，那我们可以把精读称之为“精细的读”。何为精细的读呢?我认为精读是逐字逐句地读，全面理解文中单词的词义，理清句子结构，读懂句子进而理解段落和文章结构。

精读是一种非常有效的提高阅读能力的阅读方式。一个英语水平中等的考生如果能认真完成十几篇雅思真题的精读，再加上一些针对性的训练，阅读单项取得 7.5 分以上的成绩不成问题。精读除了能帮我们提高雅思考试需要的阅读能力，还有助于积累词汇和好的表达方式，对写作也大有帮助。

那么雅思阅读该如何精读呢?现在我们就来看看精读这味药：雅思精读成分：剑桥真题 4-10。

对于准备参加雅思考试的同学来说，真题是最好的练习资料。而雅思真题非常有限，剑 4 到剑 10 共 28 套题 84 篇文章，所以要充分利用真题，认真做每一篇精读。

疗程 & 剂量：半个月，每天坚持精读一套真题(三篇)，或做等量的针对性练习。根据个人情况，酌情增减。

接下来我们来看看具体的使用方法，根据不同的问题对症下药：

雅思阅读适用症 1：单词不认识，句子读不懂。

雅思精读训练适用说明：在规定时间内做完一套阅读题并核对完答案之后，将阅读原文中的答案句和重点句逐句精读，复习时间充裕者可做全文精读。

划出一句话中的生词并通过查词典(点我看词典推荐)搞懂词义，将这些词按照类别整理出来，经常翻看。同时也要注意积累高频考点词和同近义表达。

一句话读不懂的一个可能的原因是生词较多或关键词不认识。精读首先帮助我们积累生词。雅思阅读的内容包罗万象，天文地理、人类发展、环境保护、经济技术、语言文化、人物传记等都有涉及。每类文章都存在一些对于理解文章起到重要作用的单词，把这些单词积累下来对于理解这篇文章以及今后再做同类的阅读题大有帮助。

有些词虽然不是生词，但它们在文章及题目中重复出现，也就是我们所说的考点词，这些词往往是解题的关键。因此在精读的过程中也要划出这些考点词，记住它们并对这些词保持敏感。

做过雅思真题的朋友可能已经发现了，雅思阅读中处处都是同义词替换。所以在精读过程中不光要积累不认识的生词和高频考点词，还要注意找出同近义词和上下义替换的词组，这些地方往往都是出题点。同样的，要把这些同近义词 / 表达总结整理出来并经常翻看，加深印象。

雅思阅读适用症 2：单词都认识，句子依然读不懂。

雅思精读训练适用说明：而当一句话中每个词都认识，但还是看不懂这句话要表达的意思，可能是句子结构没搞清楚。这时你需要做的是句子结构分析练习。

具体做法是：先判断这个句子所属的结构类型，是简单句、并列复合句还是主从复合句，主句、从句、连接词分别是什么。然后找到句子的主语和谓语，理解句子的主干。接下来进行成分划分，即分析这句话中的各个部分在此句中作何成分。搞清楚了这些以后试着理解这句话的含义，时间充裕的话可以试着写下翻译。

举个例子：The advantages claimed for such foods over conventionally grown and marketed food products are now being debated.这是一个简单句。

先找句子主干：The advantages [主语] are now being debated [谓语].

再看其他部分做什么成分：claimed for such foods over conventionally grown and marketed food products 作定语，是修饰主语 the advantages 的。这句话可翻译为：有人认为绿色食品比用常规方法生产和销售的食品更好，但这种说法现在受到了质疑。

这样做下来虽然比较费时费力，但效果非常好。通常情况下，当完成 300 个句子分析后就能明显感到自己的阅读能力有很大提高。

雅思阅读适用症 3：句子能读懂，文章不理解。

雅思精读训练适用说明：当你读单句时单词都认识，句子结构比较清楚，句子好像也能理解，但是看完一遍整篇文章之后还是不明所以。此时你可能需要进行文章逻辑训练。当进行完单句的精读之后，从宏观的角度看看每个段落的大意是什么，它们在逻辑上是如何安排的，确定句间及段落间逻辑关系(因果、转折、并列等)，划出逻辑标志词。此时再找出刚刚做过的题目，分析错误原因，找到答案的出处，经过这样循序渐进的练习你就会发现考官出题的思路。

注意事项：123 需要一起使用，也就是在精读一篇文章时按照这个顺序，先解决单词的问题，然后是句子，接着是段落文章。如果有某个部分特别薄弱，比如不认识的单词太多、完全理不清句子结构等，就要加大相对应的能力训练。

雅思阅读小范围预测

文章题目 We have star performers

重复年份 0114 1124

题材商业管理

题型段落细节配对 4+判断 4+填空 5

文章大意人才与天赋，讨论人才和选人标准之间的论证。讲公司考核员工主要的依据，talents, 文章批判了传统的观点(才能是与生俱来的，是不变的，是需要公司去发现的。文章先用一段肯定了有才能的人的存在，然后分段讲到，才能是随时间变化的，是不能被精确度量的，是可以凭努力换来的。

文章题目 Newly Hatched birds

重复年份 0430 0718 20100821 0922

题材动物

题型暂无

文章大意有一种通过敲击蛋壳加速蛋的孵化，并解释了同时孵化的原因。后面又比较

了各种鸟的喂食方式。

参考阅读： The changes in body weight and composition were examined in broilers that either had immediate access to feed and water or had not been fed for 48 h posthatch. Chicks without access to feed decreased in BW by 7.8% in the 48 h posthatch, which was equivalent to 5.3 kcal/45 g chick/d. However, during this period the small intestines increased in weight and protein content by 80% or more. The decrease in yolk fat and protein could account for most of the changes in body composition in the feed-deprived chick. In contrast, fed chicks grew by 5 g and used 4.5 kcal/d for maintenance; during this period small intestines increased in weight by 110%. Intestinal absorption of exogenous nutrients was determined from hatch through 4 d posthatch by administration of a bolus of labeled glucose, methionine, or oleic acid, together with a nonabsorbed reference substance. Absorption of fatty acids was more than 80% at hatch and was higher than that of glucose and methionine, which was low especially when the bolus was administered as a solution. Absorption of all components tested increased with age and was more than 80% on Day 4. Duodenal in situ uptake determinations in hatching chicks indicated that uptake of oleic acid was high from yolk and saline solutions compared with glucose and methionine, which exhibited low uptake from yolk but higher uptake from saline solutions. These studies indicate that, although the small intestine has the capacity to absorb carbohydrates and amino acids at hatch, uptake may be dependant on the development of suitable conditions, including sufficient pancreatic and brush border enzymes for digestion and adequate sodium for function of the glucose-sodium cotransporters.

......

文章题目 Egypt‘s Sunken Treasures

重复年份 20150509 20120331

题材考古

题型配对 4+判断+填空

文章大意埃及一个古建筑在海底被发现了，考古学家拯救海底建筑。

参考阅读： The exhibition of Egyptian antiquities currently at the Grand Palais in Paris possesses an international importance comparable in the past 40 years only with the exhibition of Chinese art organised by Beijing at the Petit Palais in 1973. Instead of famous works of art from museums or private collections, it displays a great number of new archaeological discoveries, including some unexpected chef d'oeuvres, all but one unpublished before now. Shown first in Berlin, it has been organised by a French underwater archaeologist, Franck Goddio (Fig. 5), to present the results of well over 10 years of his research along the shores of the Nile delta. [FIGURE 5 OMITTED] During the first millennium AD, several earthquakes and floods between Alexandria and the western mouth of the Nile caused the coastline to sink into the sea along a stretch of some 30 kilometres. ThonisHeraklion, at the end of the Canopic branch of the Nile, and the neighbouring city of Kanopos-East disappeared during the 7th-8th century. The inundation of Alexandria's eastern harbour, called by the Romans Portus Magnus, occurred between the mid 4th and the early 14th centuries AD. Goddio has been assisted by a skilful team drawn from Egypt, France, Germany and elsewhere. But the vision, the will and the tenacity that have kept together the complex machinery of the enterprise are his. Now over 50, Goddio has wide experience of diving in the Pacific and the Atlantic. The results of his long underwater search presented in the Grand Palais are in many ways comparable to the rediscovery of Troy by Schliemann in the 19th century and of Tutankhamun's tomb by Lord Carnarvon and Howard Carter in the 1920s. It is true that among the underwater ruins that he has explored, Goddio has not recovered any gold and silver treasure comparable with the findings of Schliemann and Carter. As far as gold is concerned, the show includes only some coins, earrings, rings, amulets and crosses. However, the discovery under the sea after so many centuries of three ancient ports enables Goddio to take his place not only beside Schliemann and Carter but also

雅思阅读模拟题：Suns fickle heart may leave us cold

Sun's fickle heart may leave us cold

□ 25 January 2007

□ From New Scientist Print Edition.

□ Stuart Clark

1 There's a dimmer switch inside the sun that causes its brightness to rise

and fall on timescales of around 100,000 years - exactly the same period as

between ice ages on Earth. So says a physicist who has created a computer model

of our star's core.

2 Robert Ehrlich of George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, modelled

the effect of temperature fluctuations in the sun's interior. According to the

standard view, the temperature of the sun's core is held constant by the

opposing pressures of gravity and nuclear fusion. However, Ehrlich believed that

slight variations should be possible.

3 He took as his starting point the work of Attila Grandpierre of the

Konkoly Observatory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. In , Grandpierre

and a collaborator, Gábor ágoston, calculated that magnetic fields in the sun's

core could produce small instabilities in the solar plasma. These instabilities

would induce localised oscillations in temperature.

4 Ehrlich's model shows that whilst most of these oscillations cancel each

other out, some reinforce one another and become long-lived temperature

variations. The favoured frequencies allow the sun's core temperature to

oscillate around its average temperature of 13.6 million kelvin in cycles

lasting either 100,000 or 41,000 years. Ehrlich says that random interactions

within the sun's magnetic field could flip the fluctuations from one cycle

length to the other.

5 These two timescales are instantly recognisable to anyone familiar with

Earth's ice ages: for the past million years, ice ages have occurred roughly

every 100,000 years. Before that, they occurred roughly every 41,000 years.

6 Most scientists believe that the ice ages are the result of subtle

changes in Earth's orbit, known as the Milankovitch cycles. One such cycle

describes the way Earth's orbit gradually changes shape from a circle to a

slight ellipse and back again roughly every 100,000 years. The theory says this

alters the amount of solar radiation that Earth receives, triggering the ice

ages. However, a persistent problem with this theory has been its inability to

explain why the ice ages changed frequency a million years ago.

7 “In Milankovitch, there is certainly no good idea why the frequency

should change from one to another,” says Neil Edwards, a climatologist at the

Open University in Milton Keynes, UK. Nor is the transition problem the only one

the Milankovitch theory faces. Ehrlich and other critics claim that the

temperature variations caused by Milankovitch cycles are simply not big enough

to drive ice ages.

8 However, Edwards believes the small changes in solar heating produced by

Milankovitch cycles are then amplified by feedback mechanisms on Earth. For

example, if sea ice begins to form because of a slight cooling, carbon dioxide

that would otherwise have found its way into the atmosphere as part of the

carbon cycle is locked into the ice. That weakens the greenhouse effect and

Earth grows even colder.

9 According to Edwards, there is no lack of such mechanisms. “If you add

their effects together, there is more than enough feedback to make Milankovitch

work,” he says. “The problem now is identifying which mechanisms are at work.”

This is why scientists like Edwards are not yet ready to give up on the current

theory. “Milankovitch cycles give us ice ages roughly when we observe them to

happen. We can calculate where we are in the cycle and compare it with

observation,” he says. “I can't see any way of testing [Ehrlich's] idea to see

where we are in the temperature oscillation.”

10 Ehrlich concedes this. “If there is a way to test this theory on the

sun, I can't think of one that is practical,” he says. That's because variation

over 41,000 to 100,000 years is too gradual to be observed. However, there may

be a way to test it in other stars: red dwarfs. Their cores are much smaller

than that of the sun, and so Ehrlich believes that the oscillation periods could

be short enough to be observed. He has yet to calculate the precise period or

the extent of variation in brightness to be expected.

11 Nigel Weiss, a solar physicist at the University of Cambridge, is far

from convinced. He describes Ehrlich's claims as “utterly implausible”. Ehrlich

counters that Weiss's opinion is based on the standard solar model, which fails

to take into account the magnetic instabilities that cause the temperature

fluctuations.

篇4：自学雅思阅读有什么方法

自学雅思阅读有什么方法

自学雅思阅读的方法一、前期准备

正备考的同学能够将这段时间抓紧，提前做好准备了。提前的时间不同的人是不一样的，有一定大学四级水平的考生通常要3个月左右，而起点较低的考生可能需要半年甚至是更长的时间。

在这个阶段，大家一定要准备以下内容：

1、基础词汇

有的考生总分目标在6分，起码要求的词汇量5500左右。若已经距离上目标很远，如此是肯定要选择一本单词手册，开始背诵单词了。当大家选择选词汇手册时，必须要注意到选择适合自己水平的词汇表，不要盲目求全、求快。收词量如果远远大于考生自身的词汇量，会使考生受挫，从而厌倦背单词，因此要一步步地背起。建议基础较薄弱的考生从高考词汇表开始背起，高中毕业生可以选择从大学四、六级词汇背起。

2、基础语法

语法知识针对英语使用者而言是相当重要的，由于此不但关系到听力和阅读中长难句的理解，针对主观性测试口语和写作上而言，语法是可以有助于大家构建正确、地道的句型。若没有扎实的语法功底，那么一定要恶补起来了。语法书肯定是要配有大量的主观题练习题，但并非所有都是选择题，如此针对考生的写句子能力有很大帮助。

其次，语法书并非从开始看起，应该是要从重要的章节看起。提醒大家可以根据如此的顺序看：句子的基本类型：名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词，有时间的话再去看其它的如名词与冠词、动词、形容词与副词的内容。

雅思阅读自学方法二、热身阶段

在前期准备有了大致的准备以后，是能够开始正式的热身复习阶段了。此时间大概要求2-3个月的时间。在这段时间可以用复习真题为主。教材选用《剑桥雅思》系列的4-11。

雅思阅读材料：如何清洁眼镜片

Nearly 50% of Americans wear corrective glasses, according to the trade group Vision Council. And most of them are guilty of the biggest crime in lens care: Exhaling onto their lenses, then wiping the fog off with their shirt sleeves. But does this really damage your lenses? Teri Geist, an optometrist in Omaha, Neb., and chairwoman for the American Optometric Association, weighs in.

行业组织VisionCouncil提供的数据显示，接近50%的美国人佩戴用于矫正视力的眼镜。他们中的大多数人在眼镜护理过程中都犯过一个最严重的错误：对着镜片哈一口气，然后用衬衫袖子把镜片上的雾擦掉。这真的会对镜片造成损害吗?美国验光学会主席、内布拉斯加州奥马哈市的验光师盖斯特(Teri Geist)对此进行了实验。

Simple Solution

简单方法

Though there are countless products on the market claiming to wipe streaks away, the AOA recommends the most basic of options: kitchen-sink soap. The best way to clean your glasses, says Dr. Geist, is to run them under warm water and put a tiny drop of dishwashing detergent on the tip of your fingers to create a lather on the lens. Then rinse with warm water, and dry with a clean, soft cotton cloth.

尽管市场上有无数产品声称可以擦掉眼镜镜片上的污痕，但美国验光学会(American Optometric Association)推荐的是最基本的选择：厨房洗洁精。美国验光学会主席盖斯特(Teri Geist)称，清洁眼镜的方式是将其在温水下冲洗，在指尖滴一小滴洗洁精，在镜片上打出泡沫，然后用温水洗净，并用干净柔软的棉布擦干。

'Everyone uses their shirt cloth─worst thing!' she says. 'Your shirttail almost certainly carries dust, and that has the potential of scratching your lens.'

她说：“很多人都用他们的衬衫下摆擦眼镜──这是最糟糕的做法!你的衬

衣下摆几乎肯定沾有尘土，这可能会刮坏镜片。”

Glass vs. Plastic

玻璃镜片与树脂镜片

Of the 69.1 million Americans who bought prescription spectacles last year, most purchased plastic lenses; glass has gone out of fashion as safety concerns have arisen. Unlike that hard surface, plastic is soft and can scratch easily.

去年，6,910万美国人购买了处方眼镜，其中多数都是树脂镜片;由于对安全的担忧上升，玻璃镜片已经过时。与玻璃镜片坚硬的表面不同，树脂镜片柔软而且容易被刮坏。

Once lenses are scraped up, 'there is no way to buff that scratch out,' says Dr. Geist. Attempting to clean glasses when dry only exacerbates the problem, since a wet surface is slicker than a dry one. 'People breathe on their glasses then grab a Kleenex or paper towel or napkin because they're convenient, but the rough fibers that they're comprised of might leave debris behind,' Dr. Geist says. She adds that special microfiber cloths are good for dry touch-ups during the day, but aren't a stand-in for a thorough, soapy cleaning. Neither is your breath.

盖斯特博士说，一旦镜片有了刮痕，“就没有办法除去”。在镜片干燥时擦眼镜只会加剧问题，因为湿润的表面会比干燥的表面光滑一些。盖斯特博士说：“人们在镜片上哈气，然后顺手抓起一张餐巾纸去擦眼镜，但构成餐巾纸的粗糙纤维可能会在镜片上留下碎屑。”她补充说，特殊的超细纤维布适于干擦镜片，但它不能替代彻底的皂液清洁方法。你的哈气也不行。

Reflecting on the Problem

涂层问题

Lenses typically have some form of protective coating and should never come into contact with ammonia, bleach, vinegar or window cleaner. 'Those chemicals can break down the coating or just strip them,' says Dr. Geist. 'You know those bubbles you sometimes see on your lens? Those are caused by 'cleansing' solutions.' Avoid the problem by requesting anti-glare and UV coatings that are embedded within the lens, which can cost about $100 more than regular-coated lenses.

镜片通常有某种形式的防护涂层，因此不应接触氨、漂白剂、醋和窗户清洁剂。盖斯特博士说：“这些化学物质会破坏或者洗掉涂层。你知道有时在镜片上看到的泡泡印是怎么回事吗?那就是用‘清洁剂’导致的。”要求在镜片中加入防眩光和紫外线涂层可以避免这个问题，这种镜片的价格比普通涂层镜片高出约100美元。

Clean Lines

清洁产品

Natural oils from your hands, eyelashes and face can lead to a lot of buildup each day, reducing lenses' effectiveness. Leaving spectacles on a sink or vanity, where hair spray and perfume can fly through the air, adds to the residue. The AOA recommends washing glasses every morning, paying special attention to the frames and earpieces, where hair product and makeup tend to rub off. Whatever you do, don't use the most handy form of water to clean your lenses. 'Some people use spit, but don't,' urges Dr. Geist. Though dirty glasses won't cause an eye infection, saliva 'is not the best hygiene method, and it just won't work very well,' she says. Soap, warm water and a dry cloth are all you need, once a day, to keep glasses optimally clean and functional. 'I have had patients who say they can't see well, but it turns out it is just the scratches,' says Dr. Geist.

手、睫毛和面部每天产生的天然油脂可能大量堆积在镜片上，降低镜片的透光性。将眼镜放在水池或卫生间台面等可能残留发胶和香水飞沫的地方会增加残留物。美国验光学会建议每天早上清洗眼镜，尤其应该注意镜框和镜脚等容易擦到护发品和化妆品的地方。无论你做什么，都不要用最现成的“水”来清洁镜片。盖斯特博士说：“有些人用唾液，可千万别这么做。”尽管脏镜片不会导致眼部感染，但唾液“不是最卫生的方法，而且它的效果也不好”。你只需要每天用皂液、温水和一块干布，即可保持眼镜清洁好用。盖斯特博士说：“我的患者中，有些人说他们看不清，结果只是镜片上有划痕。”

雅思阅读材料：印度男子与39位妻子

A 66-year-old man in India's remote northeast has 39 wives, 94 children and 33 grandchildren, all living under one roof。

They all live in a four storied building with 100 rooms in a mountainous village in Mizoram state, sharing borders with Burma and Bangladesh, according to reports。

“I once married 10 women in one year,” Ziona Chana said。

His wives share a dormitory near Ziona's private bedroom and locals said he likes to have seven or eight of them by his side at all times。

The sons and their wives, and all their children, live in different rooms in the same building, but share a common kitchen。

The wives take turns cooking, while his daughters clean the house and do washing. The men do outdoor jobs like farming and taking care of livestock。

The family, all 167 of them, consumes around 200lb of rice and more than 130lb of potatoes a day. They are supported by their own resources and occasional donations from followers。

“Even today, I am ready to expand my family and willing to go to any extent to marry,” Ziona said。

“I have so many people to care (for) and look after, and I consider myself a lucky man.”

Mr Chana met his oldest wife, who is three years older than he is, when he was 17.

He heads a local Christian religious sect, called the “Chana”, which allows polygamy. Formed in June 1942, the sect believes it will soon be ruling the world with Christ and has a membership of around 400 families。

印度东北部一个偏远地区有一位66岁男子，他共有39位妻子、94名儿女和33个孙子女，所有人都生活在一起。

据报道，他们全都住在印度米佐拉姆邦一个山村中的一栋四层小楼里，楼中共有100个房间。米佐拉姆邦与缅甸和孟加拉国接壤。

这名叫齐奥纳?查纳的男子说：“我曾经在一年内娶了10个老婆。”

齐奥纳私人卧室旁边有一间大寝室是他的妻子们共用的，当地人说齐奥纳喜欢身边总是有七八位老婆陪着他。

他的儿子和儿媳们，以及孙辈们住在同一栋楼的不同房间里，但他们共用一个厨房。

齐奥纳的妻子们和媳妇们轮流做饭，而他的女儿们则负责打扫房子和洗衣服。家庭里的男人们负责耕种、喂养家畜等户外工作。

这个167人的大家庭要吃掉约200磅米饭、130多磅土豆。他们基本能自给自足，偶尔也会有追随者赠送一些食物给他们。

齐奥纳说：“即使是现在，我也很愿意继续娶妻，扩大我的家庭。”

“我有这么多亲人可以去关心和照顾，我觉得我是个幸运的人。”

查纳在17岁时遇到了他的老婆，她大他三岁。

查纳是当地一个叫“查纳”的基.督.教派别的，该教创立于1942年6月，允许一夫多妻制。目前，该教派约有400个家庭的教徒，并且认为他们很快就会和耶稣一起统治世界。

篇5：小学语文阅读训练有哪些方法

1、目的阅读法

可以在小学生阅读的过程中，要求小学生在读物中围着某个目标进行学习。比如，划分段落，概括段落大意，将读物分层，分析某个词语或者某一个句子，捕捉画龙点睛之笔，描述某个句子的意思，写出读物的宗旨，等等。这些就是为了制定一个目标去学习，很好地避开了无关紧要的话题。但值得注意的是，老师，也就是启蒙人，要规划学生学习的目的，不要盲目地为了目的而去阅读，要注重整个读物的思想内容，和整个读物的完整性。这种阅读方法的缺陷，是不能带领学生更好地读懂整个读物所表达的意思。所以具有一定的局限性，指导者要适当地运用。

2、扫描式阅读法

阅读时千万要注意力高度集中，阅读途中不回视、不重读。另外，还应该可灵活运用多种筛选信息的方法，只选取主要信息，尽量排除次要的与无关的信息。阅读结束后，要求学生复述大意、浓缩要点、编写提纲，及时反馈，检查有效阅读的效果，快速阅读的奥秘在于让大脑跑在眼球前面，掌握快速阅读的孩子每分钟能读200多个字，未受训练的每分钟只能读八九十字。速度能求得新知识新信息成倍成倍增长，赶上时代发展的需要。

这种阅读的方式能很好地增加了学生的阅读量，但值得说的是，这种阅读过于肤浅，并不懂读物更深的意蕴，要想真正去明白，这是一种不可取的方法，快速阅读的方法只适用于读些不需要深刻理解的读物。这只是为了达到某个特定的目的或完成某项任务，如寻求某个问题的答案，专门搜集某方面的知识等。

3、感同身受法

孟子说：“故说诗者，不以文害辞，不以辞害志;以意逆志，是为得之。”这句话的意思是学生根据思想、知识、经验来推想作者的思想。特别是在学习的过程中，有时候，这是一种很好的方法，对于学生理解整篇读物的宗旨和作者的初衷是一种很好的阅读技巧。

首先，这可以培养孩子的理解能力，它是阅读能力中最基本的成分。较好的阅读能力，不仅指能顺利地读，而且能较充分地，正确地把握阅读材料的中心。学生往往偏重对阅读材料表面含义的理解，而忽视阅读的真正目的，要教小学生逐步获得理解字、词、句、篇的能力和初步分析、综合、抽象、概括的阅读能力。

其次，可以提高孩子的感受能力。有时候，孩子读着读着会大声地笑，有的甚至还会掉眼泪。这是情感的真挚流露，在一定程度上反映了孩子们那纯朴的情感。当孩子把自己当成故事中的主人公，当他读到有关主人公说的或做的事时，只要他能够理解或认为反映他自己的思想感情时，就会读得十分起劲，甚至读上数遍，完全被书中的人和事吸引住了，仿佛觉得直接就是主人公。这时就与书中主人公的感情沟通了，孩子的感情流露是最真实的，也更易培养孩子的思想感情。所以，教学中要培养学生把文章中的思想感情转化为自己的思想感情的能力。

这种方法可以说是最有效的方法，但考虑到孩子的思想局限性，有些思想小学生还不能明白，很容易引入误区，这就需要启蒙者的细心地指导和观察了。

4、培养兴趣法

童话故事、寓言等励志、绘本类的书籍都是孩子们喜欢看的书。不要让孩子自己读，爸爸妈妈给孩子念。因为孩子是很难静下来的，要主动去念，要生动地讲故事，要是孩子喜欢了，就会注意起来，会喜欢这本书，于是就有了兴趣。

俗话说，兴趣是学习的最好老师，要是小学生对阅读有了兴趣，你不用教得过多，他们自己自然而然地阅读。启迪小学生的兴趣要从耳濡目染开始，家长要把自己融入其中，要全身心的，要从玩、听、看开始，慢慢启迪孩子的兴趣。最好的时间是饭后或者睡前给小孩读点书，因为饭后、睡前家长有空，平常上班没有时间。另外，双休日一定要划出一块时间来跟自己的小孩一起阅读，领着他逛公园逛累了，或者逛之前先给孩子读一会儿书。最重要的是，把孩子的兴趣带动起来，举一个很简单的例子，比如，看到了某个有意思的对话，家长可以和孩子一起扮演其中的角色。

5、培养习惯法

当有了兴趣后，就要培养小孩子的习惯，要让小孩子养成阅读习惯，需要慢慢地来，等孩子习惯阅读了，那家长还有什么好担心的呢，当然了，有些家长急于求成，用了某种过激的手段，威逼孩子读，这是一种极其恶劣的行径，不但达不到预期效果，还使得孩子对阅读产生厌烦的心理，这就是拔苗助长的道理。这就需要做家长的注意了，懂孩子喜欢的是什么，然后就从这一点慢慢地入手，切记不要采用捷径，这也许会毁掉孩子。

6、奖励法

可以说，这是最不好的一种方法，但很奏效。在孩子阅读一篇文章后给孩子一盒糖，孩子几天之内读了本书，给小孩子买个小玩具，孩子今天阅读很认真，决定给孩子做一顿好吃的，这都是家长们常用的伎俩。怎么说呢，不能说不好，这在短时间内可以引导孩子阅读，但不能老用。不然会让孩子觉得没有奖励，阅读就没意思了，而没有达到培养孩子阅读的目的，甚至还会导致孩子势利起来，没有利益，孩子就不会好好地阅读。如果引申到长大后，会对他产生极其不好的影响。所以这种方法少用。

篇6：小学语文阅读训练有哪些方法

一、指导方法，掌握课内阅读

课内阅读是指导学生掌握阅读方法的重要途径。在语文课堂教学中，对于一篇文章内容的理解，首先就要从理解句子的含义入手。而理解句子的含义可以通过抓关键词语，抓关键部分，联系时代背景，思考言外之意，弄清句子修辞的作用等方面，来全面、准确地把握句子。如我在教学《企鹅爸爸》一文时，出示了句子：伫立在冰面上的企鹅爸爸们成了南极洲最让人刻骨铭心的一道风景。问到：“作者为什么要感叹这是南极洲一道最让人刻骨铭心的风景?”随后，引导学生联系上文，想想为了孩子，企鹅爸爸们所克服的恶劣环境，抓住关键词“不能碰、不能压、不能搁下”去体会“刻骨铭心”在表情达意上的作用，从而进一步体会作者的言外之意――父爱的伟大。

这样，在我们的课堂教学中，通过教师有意地引导学生学会理解句子，学会把握文章结构，进一步领悟作者的写作目的或者文字中所蕴涵的深刻的道理，训练学生通过抓住所描述人物的语言、行为、神态和心理活动，去分析表现了什么样的精神面貌，思想品质和特点，达到进一步体会文章的思想情感。

二、独立运用，尝试课外阅读

课外阅读是对学生阅读的一个提高性训练。首先，教师要安排一定的阅读指导课，提出一定的要求，调动学生的手、眼、耳等感官，通过边读边批，边批边思，读后再积累的方法，让学生在自己的独立阅读中做到读有所获，读有所乐，通过阅读达到“仁者见仁，智者见智”的目的。西师版语文教材在每册教学内容的后面都安排了一组供学生自主披读的文章，我认为这是教材的一大亮点，教师可以利用好阅读课，充分发挥这组批读文章在内容上或者形式上对学生的训练目的，以展示学生在批读过程中的个性阅读。

其次，教师在教学中，要给学生提供一定量的、开阔视野的、适合学生心理和生理的有阅读价值的文章，通过个性阅读去品悟语言，品悟文章的思想情感，达到熏陶、提升个人自身修养与语文素养的目的。在我的教学中，我除了要求学生阅读出色作文系列之外，还根据他们的年段特点，要求他们阅读成语故事、历史故事、寓言故事、童话故事、人物传记等名著名篇，拓宽他们的视野，丰富他们的阅读量，以此来巩固课内学到的阅读方法，为学生口语表达和书面表达提供载体。我认为，在我们的语文课堂中，只要教师坚持循环往复有序地训练，耐心地指导，让学生富有个性地独立阅读，一定会大大提高他们阅读的兴趣和能力，丰富他们的精神世界。

篇7：小学语文阅读训练有哪些方法

一、精心设计课前导语，激发学生的阅读兴趣

俗话说一篇好的文章，能激起读者的阅读兴趣，就如遇到了一顿美餐，让你垂延三尺，美美地享受一番。同样的道理，一段好的导语，能引起学生阅读的极大兴趣。小学生对什么事物都怀有一种好奇心，有一种不达目的，誓不休的求知欲望，我就抓住他们的这种心理，精心设计阅读课文的导语，积极提高他们的学习兴趣。如：我在教学“雨”这篇课文是，我引导学生说：“你们都见过‘雨’，‘雨’对我们大家是再熟悉不过的事物，它与我们的生活时时相伴，就象我们的好朋友，谁也离不开谁，可你们知道下雨时天气怎样?风怎样?雨水是怎样的?庄稼又是怎样等这些情景吗?你们想了解吗?”同学们个个精神抖擞地回答：“想”。于是我就说：“好，今天我们学习一篇关于写‘雨’的课文，课文详细地介绍了这些方面的知识，请你们用自己的能力去阅读课文，并寻求答案好吗?”话音刚落，学生就情绪高昂地朗读起课文来。

二、循序渐进，由浅入深

小学生的学习兴趣很重要，它是学生学习知识的内在动力和关键所在。合理的提出阅读要求，引导学生阅读课文，要适合学生的年龄特征和知识水平，过深会挫伤孩子们的学习积极性，过浅容易导致孩子浮躁，因此，我在教学中遵循“循序渐进”的教育方针，一年级时上阅读课文只要求孩子借助拼音读懂一句话，能用自己的话大体说出一句话的意思，我便予以表扬、鼓励。

二年级时，我便要求学生不仅能读懂、读通一句话，而且要准确地理断句，有一定的感情，且能用自己的话较准确地理解一句话的含义。三年级时我便提出更高的要求，要求学生把各句联系起来读懂一段话，甚至一篇文章。能够理解句与句之间的联系。能从句与句之中体会作者的感情。正是这样一步一个台阶，不同时期提出不同的要求，久而久之，学生都能做到逐句逐段读懂，以致理解全篇内容。

三、拓宽阅读途径，培养学生的阅读兴趣

1.引导学生创意朗读

有句话说得好：“一千个读者眼中就有一千个哈姆雷特”。不同的学生对同一篇文章的领会不同，读出来的情感就不同。因此，在指导学生朗读时，应充分尊重学生的个性，积极鼓励学生通过各自独特的角度去体会课文，去感触课文，再结合自己的生活阅历读出自己的情感。

2.适时引导学生想象

阅读教学中教师要善于抓住课文关键处的拓展空间，在课文已有内容的基础上，引导学生对此处做出合理的想象，从而开拓学生的思维，使学生产生更有新意、更独特的语言，使学生充分感受祖国语言文字的巨大魅力。

如在教学《白杨》一课时，结尾写到：“爸爸一手搂着一个孩子，望着窗外闪过去的白杨树，又陷入了沉思。突然，他的嘴角又浮起一丝微笑……”爸爸在沉思什么?为什么嘴角又浮起一丝微笑?我让学生根据课文的情景，结合自己的生活经验发挥想象。于是，课堂气氛活跃起来，同学们各抒己见，表达自己的观点。学生发展了自我，在想象中获得真切的体验，感受到在现实生活中所没有的经历，激发学生的高尚情操。

3.引导学生捕捉质疑点

教师要善于引导学生捕捉质疑点，把问题问到“点子”上，这个“点子”就是课文的重点、难点、知识点和语言文字的训练点。一是从课题入手，抓住题眼发问。如《草船借箭》可以抓住“借”字发问，为什么用“借”而不用“骗”。二是抓住矛盾，把课文中看似矛盾的地方揭示出来。如《十里长街送总理》中“一位满头银发的老奶奶，双手拄着拐杖，背靠着一棵洋槐树，焦急而又耐心地等待着”，可抓住“焦急”和“耐心”提问，这两个词用在一起是不是矛盾的?为什么?三是比较优劣，对教材的重点字词或重点句，通过比较认识为什么要这样写而不那样写，为什么要用这个字词而不用那个字词。如《美丽的小兴安岭》中，“春天树木抽出新的枝条，长出嫩绿的叶子”，在这可提问为什么用“抽”字而不用“生”或“长”字?

四、充分发挥学生在课堂中的主体地位

阅读教学，重在学生的读和教师的导，教师一定要把握好主体与主导的关系。在以前的教学模式中，教师反反复复的讲，一遍又一遍的灌输，这样容易让学生产生反感，厌烦的情绪，反而学不好。众所周知，教学过程是教与学的辨证统一过程。二者互相依存，相辅相承。教师在教学过程中根据教学内容和学生知识水平，能力水平，按照知识的发展，形成过程和思维的发展规律。教师应放手让学生思考，主动地探索，自觉地实践和总结，以达到发展和培养能力的目的。当教师以学生为主体地位进行教学的时候，教师的作用就不是“主导作用”，而是在尊重学生主体的前提下的组织、引导。这样学生就学得有兴趣，学得深入，不知不觉地吸收了知识。

五、捕捉训练点

要落实语言文字训练，就必须善于寻找和确定语言文字的训练点。所谓语言文字的训练点，就是在语文教学中，根据“课标”对不同年级的具体要求，结合课文的内在训练因素，按照学生的实际知识和能力水平所确定的语言文字的训练单位或部位。语言文字训练点确定得好，语言文字训练才会卓有成效。

篇8：提高雅思阅读速度有哪些方法

如何提高雅思阅读速度

如何提高雅思阅读速度为大家带来雅思阅读相关的技巧和经验。我们今天要谈的是雅思阅读的阅读速度问题，有同学经常因为雅思阅读速度过慢，读不完所有文章做不完题导致失分。这是可以通过一定的方法和训练进行提升的。今天我们就一起来看一看。

怎样的雅思阅读速度才算是合格了?

1 避免默读或唇读

这是很多考生在阅读英文的时候一定会陷入的误区，似乎只有默念甚至小声的读出来才能更有安全感的去理解文章，然而实际上我们说英文的速读最快也只能达到250 wpm，与我们速读的要求相差很多。如果除去唇读的时间，单纯地把阅读变成一种视觉接受信息的方式，速度会有很大提升。

当然这一点在初期矫正的时候会比较困难，如果你总是不自觉的吧你所看到的文章读出来，你可以试着一边看文章一边读1.2.3.4之类的最简单的词语。刚开始练习的时候你的英文理解专注力一定会受到干扰，但是一段时间的练习之后你会发现你的视觉思维处理能力大大得到了提升。

2 不要逐句翻译成中文

这是另一个非常容易影响你阅读速度的习惯。正常来说我们处理英文的过程就是reading-understanding，然而很多同学习惯于reading-translating-understanding，增加了一个翻译的环节会大大降低你的阅读速度。我们在skimming and scanning 的时候是要快速把控文章的大致结构和中心内容，因此考生不需要将每个单词都翻译成中文。

另外一点，大家一定要习惯直接理解“英文”，要培养用英文的思维方式去理解英文材料的能力。无论是阅读还是其它的听说写，直接用英文的思维方式相互转化，而不是一定要用“翻译成中文”作为中间环节。

3 排除干扰项

都说雅思托福考试时一场体力与精力的考验。60分钟的高强度阅读考试需要你的注意力高度集中。

大家在练习的时候有没有过这样的情况：读着读着思路就飘走了，盯着一句话好几遍都反应不过来它的意思，实际上你的大脑精神早就不在reading上了。这是因为我们从小接触的各类英文考试很少是长达几个小时并且时间非常紧迫的。

实际上注意力的集中时长是可以经过锻炼的。在托福雅思阅读中我们需要锻炼自己集中注意力的能力，不断提醒自己不要走神，习惯于高强度的英文阅读方式，这样才能提高我们的阅读速度与质量。

4 熟悉文章结构套路

这一点不仅仅在各类考试中很重要，在大家出国留学后面对海量的reading时,这方面能力会大大帮助你survive。以托福雅思作文中都很常出现的科技类说明文为例，一般文章主体都会包括这项科技的起源以及发展历史、实验过程、实际应用、一些科学界或相关人士对它的评价等等。

如果在速读过程中考生能够迅速判断一篇文章的类别以及明确这类文章一般会有的结构套路，那么你在快速浏览文章的过程中，你的阅读速度会大大提高。当然这方面的能力需要建立在大量的阅读练习的基础上，这里也提醒大家，速读练习的时候最重要的一点就是摸清文章的结构脉络。

5 词汇语法能力作基石

最后一点真的不需要赘述了。你掌握了再多的速读技巧，没有强大的词汇量和语法能力作为支撑，一切都是空谈。这里教大家一个小技巧：你在看文章的时候不要仅仅看逐个单词，要习惯于把词组和固定搭配一起放在视线范围内，这样在提高阅读速度的同时也能够提升英文理解质量。这也要求我们在背单词的时候要同时熟悉单词的常见词组以及固定搭配。

提高雅思阅读速度有哪些方法?

方法一、一揽众山法

适用人群：英语词汇量大，平时经常阅读英语文章或浏览英语网站，语法基础扎实，短期记忆力强，对自己的英语能力非常有信心的考生。

操作方法：拿到阅读试卷后浏览文章标题，然后选定一篇文章开始做题。选定文章后先阅读所有的题目，即13-14道题目，把每一道题目的关键词划出来并进行短期记忆。(注：关键词包括定位词和考点，定位词多以名词为主，考点则多以谓语动词和形容词副词为主)重点记忆一些定位性强的名词。看完题目之后去看文章，从头开始看，按文章的顺序和段落去理解，边看边回忆之前记忆中的定位词，看到了就用笔做一个记号。注意在看的过程中是要以理解文章为主，不要过多的去想题目的内容，主要是看懂文章。看完以后再去看题目，根据文章的内容去做题。如果有雅思阅读文章的内容记不清，就可以利用之前读文章时划出的定位词再回原文看一下然后确定答案。

优点：节省时间，做题速度快

缺陷：挑战考生英语能力和记忆力，并不适用于大部分考生，主要针对一些立志阅读考8分以上的考生。

如何提高雅思阅读速度

方法二、各个击破法

适用人群：英语基础不是非常好，词汇量缺乏，文章对其来说基本看不太懂的考生。

操作方法：拿到阅读试卷后浏览文章标题，然后选定一篇文章开始做题。但是选择的时候要注意题材的熟悉度，可以挑选自己相对还比较熟悉的题材先做。学生在日常的雅思阅读练习中可以熟练自己的拿手题型。选定后就开始审题。审题则是按照题型来看。首选是填空题和判断题，其次是选择和配对题。例如说文章后题型搭配为判断题+选择题+填空题，那么先审判断题这一部分题目，一题一题做，根据判断题的做题方法去做，而且可以利用顺序性去看文章找答案。做完判断题以后再做填空题，利用填空题的标题或第一句话中的名词去做定位，然后用填空题的做题方法去把填空题做完。最后去做选择题，因为选择题对于文章的理解要求比较高，对于程度不太好的考生来说会比较难做。

优点：能尽量保证填空题的正确率，在能得分的题目中保证得分。对于基础不是很好的考生来说是一个既能保证正确率又能相对节约时间的方法

缺陷：时间花费比较多，而且会多次重复阅读文章。

如何提高雅思阅读速度

方法三、如何提高雅思阅读?融会贯通法很重要

适用人群：有一定的英语词汇量，并参加过培训班，掌握了基础语法知识。

操作方法：拿到阅读试卷后浏览文章标题和文章后的题型，选择自己最熟悉的话题或者有自己最擅长的题型的那篇文章。然后浏览一下题型，确定下题型关注的先后顺序，也是先填空判断，后配对选择。但这种先后并不是绝对的，而是交替的，也就是在重点做填空判断之前已经将配对选择的定位词和关键词划出并记忆，然后在做填空判断时顺带这看看有没有配对题和选择题的定位词出现。如果程度稍好的同学则可以看一段文章，把这段文章中涉及到的各种题型的题目都完成，一段一段解决问题。但是用这种方法的时候要注意时间的把握。

优点：可以相对合理的安排时间去做题，也能保证容易做的题型的正确率。

缺陷：需要考生能随机应变，对不同的题型搭配要有合理的时间分配，可能会造成审题或看文章内容的混乱。

雅思阅读考前必看文章之教育心理类

雅思阅读：Now you know

When should you teach children, and when should you let them explore?

IT IS one of the oldest debates in education. Should teachers tell pupils the way things are or encourage them to find out for themselves? Telling children “truths” about the world helps them learn those facts more quickly. Yet the efficient learning of specific facts may lead to the assumption that when the adult has finished teaching, there is nothing further to learn—because if there were, the adult would have said so. A study just published in Cognition by Elizabeth Bonawitz of the University of California, Berkeley, and Patrick Shafto of the University of Louisville, in Kentucky, suggests that is true.

Dr Bonawitz and Dr Shafto arranged for 85 four- and five-year-olds to be presented, during a visit to a museum, with a novel toy that looked like a tangle of coloured pipes and was capable of doing many different things. They wanted to know whether the way the children played with the toy depended on how they were instructed by the adult who gave it to them.

One group of children had a strictly pedagogical introduction. The experimenter said “Look at my toy! This is my toy. I'm going to show you how my toy works.” She then pulled a yellow tube out of a purple tube, creating a squeaking sound. Following this, she said, “Wow, see that? This is how my toy works!” and then demonstrated the effect again.

With a second group of children, the experimenter acted differently. She interrupted herself after demonstrating the squeak by saying she had to go and write something down, thus suggesting that she might not have finished the demonstration. With a third group, she activated the squeak as if by accident. To a fourth, the toy was simply presented with the comment, “Wow, see this toy? Look at this!”

After these varied introductions, the children were left with the toy and allowed to play. They might discover that, as well as the squeaker, the toy had a button inside one tube which activated a light, a keypad that played musical notes, and an inverting mirror inside one of the tubes. All the children were told to let the experimenter know when they had finished playing and were asked by the instructor if they were done if they stopped playing for more than five consecutive seconds. The entire interaction was recorded on video.

Footage of each child playing was passed to a research assistant who was ignorant of the purpose of the study. The assistant was asked to record the total playing time, the number of different actions the child performed, the time spent playing with the squeak, and the number of other functions the child discovered.

The upshot was that children in the first group spent less time playing (119 seconds) than those in the second (180 seconds), the third (133 seconds) or the fourth (206 seconds). Those in the first group also tried out four different actions, on average. The others tried 5.3, 5.9 and 6.2, respectively. A similar pattern (0.7, 1.3, 1.2 and 1.2) pertained to the number of functions other than the squeak that the children found.

The researchers' conclusion was that, in the context of strange toys of unknown function, prior explanation does, indeed, inhibit exploration and discovery. Generalising from that would be ambitious. But it suggests that further research might be quite a good idea.

雅思阅读考前必看文章之教育心理类

Hustling spires

A psychological leap is needed—both in British academia and in Westminster

EMO OF FRIESLAND was Oxford's first recorded foreign student, and since 1190 they have kept pouring in. Both sides have benefited: Britain's universities, economy and culture have been enriched, and foreign scholars have been privileged to mix with the best. In recent years foreigners' higher fees have helped to keep increasingly hard-pressed institutions solvent.

Now, as rich-world students become more adventurous, and prosperous emerging countries churn out would-be undergraduates faster than good university places, the market in international higher education is booming. The number of students enrolled outside their home country has roughly trebled since 1980, on OECD figures. Britain is a world leader in this market, second only to America.

But the business is changing. In addition to the traditional Anglophone competitors for foreign students, many continental European places now teach in English. Countries that once consumed international education now provide it: Singapore is well on its way to becoming a regional hub. Universities (including British ones) are setting up campuses across borders. In short, students have more choice than ever; they are less likely to tolerate being fee fodder to subsidise Britons' education just because a brochure boasts an ancient-looking crest.

To flourish, British universities and their political masters must make a host of small changes and one huge one. The former mostly involve marketing. There is remarkably little differentiation now: Oxbridge colleges and former polytechnics all seem to have the same blurbs, which can lead foreign students to think they have been sold a pup. Too many universities think their job is done after the last exam: in fact forging strong alumni networks overseas is good for recruitment, good for ex-students and good for their alma maters' bank balances.

A geographic bias must be corrected too. China has been the big story, its students flooding Western campuses. Britain targeted that market well. But as that one-child country ages, India is the place to go for. Britain is belatedly trying to fix a change to the visa regime that angered many Indian students in particular by appearing to lump them in with subcontinental terrorists. There is talk of British universities teaming up with Indian ones. But more could be done.

The huge change is psychological: stop thinking of foreign students as mugs to be overcharged to subsidise poor Britons. That has never worked in any business and it is not going to work in this one. Rather concentrate on making British universities as good as possible. That above all means allowing them to charge domestic students something close to the real cost of their education.

This is fair:the average value of an education to the recipient exceeds the direst estimates of the fees involved. It also creates a virtuous circle. Better-funded universities can hire more good professors and build more modern laboratories. Britons will get a better education, and it will attract more foreign students too—who can help pay for more.

The man with the chequebook is your student

With their famous names and skilled workers, Britain's universities are in the same state as its motorbike-makers and banks were half a century ago. One clung to state handouts and the idea that people had no choice: it disappeared. The other decided to sell to the world and deregulated. For all the City of London's recent travails, it is surely a better model for Oxford, Cambridge et al than the likes of the BSA Triumph.

篇9：雅思阅读训练方法之平行阅读法的步骤讲解

雅思阅读训练方法之平行阅读法的步骤讲解一文向我们介绍了雅思阅读当中的一种方法称之为平行阅读法。这种方法需要我们带着多个问题去原文中找答案。

雅思阅读训练方法之平行阅读法的步骤讲解

雅思阅读训练方法之平行阅读法的步骤讲解为你带来一种大家或许听说过的雅思阅读的训练方法——平行阅读法的做题步骤和使用原理。雅思阅读有3篇文章构成，需要我们在阅读考试的规定时间内做完40多道题，且每道题还会有不同的类型，这更增加了我们的做题难度。因此，掌握正确的阅读训练方法是有必要的。

雅思平行阅读法剖析了雅思阅读独特的结构问题。雅思阅读文章有2～5 种题型，出题点在文章中无序排列。如果按照传统方法从前往后做题，必须把文章读2 ～3 遍(一篇雅思阅读文章约有800～1000字)——这是绝大多数考生在60 分钟内完不成40 个题目的主要原因。通过研究多套真题，笔者发现，虽然题目的出题点排列整体无序，可是在每一类题型内部却有序。因此，改传统的串行思维为并行思维，就是克服结构障碍的平行阅读模式。

平行阅读法是一个开放的方法，对不同水平的读者要求不同。例如，一个以阅读为强项又想拿7 分、8 分的考生，不仅应该带3 个题目回原文找答案，还要运用平行阅读法的补充方法——比如判断题的“经验2”——来做题，因为他有这个实力。对于阅读能力稍差的考生，则可只运用平行阅读法的基本款。如果考生的口语和听力占优势，阅读只需拿5 分，那么不妨仍按传统方法做题。阅读障碍的成因雅思阅读共有8 种题型，分别是:选择、判断、填空、选标题、简答、补全句子、图表和配对。每一篇文章都配有至少2种题型，多则5种，题型间的搭配也很灵活。但最关键的是题目并不按传统顺序排列。我们先以最简单的2种题型的搭配为例来说明。

假设有选择和判断两种题型：选择题有5 道，为1-5;判断题有5 道，为6-10。这两种题型的题目在原文出现的顺序可能有3 种： a. 先后顺序(传统顺序)。10 个题目的关键词按顺序从前往后即从1 - 10 依次在文章中出现。b. 部分交叉。第一种题型的首题关键词在文章中的位置先于第二种题型的首题(第6题)关键词，但其余题目的关键词与第二种题型题目的关键词在文章中交叉排列，但每种题型内部仍按关键词在文中出现的先后顺序排列题目。如:1,6,2,3,7,4,5,8,9,10。c. 完全交叉。两种题型中各题目的关键词在文章中完全交叉在一起，第二种题型的首题关键词在文章中的位置先于第一种题型的首题关键词，但每种题型内部仍按关键词在文中出现的先后顺序排列题目。如:6,1,7,2,3,4,8,5,9,10。以上3 种类型中，第1 类顺序我们最熟悉，考生只需按以往做题习惯从前往后读一遍文章，就可以把所有题目做完。在第2 类顺序中，除各自的首题外两种题型的关键词在文章中交叉出现，如果仍按顺序做题，难免漏题。因此必须至少读两遍原文才能把所有题目做完。第3 类顺序中两种题型的关键词完全交叉在一起，第2 种题型的首题第6 题的关键词最先出现在文章开头。题目之间没有明显的先后顺序。在没有恰当技巧的情况下，也要至少读两遍文章才能完成所有题目。d.隐含顺序。

如果仔细观察，不难发现即使在第2、第3 种情况中里依然存在着某种“先后顺序”，这种隐含顺序就是雅思阅读“革命性方法”的基础，即：1. 各类题型的题目关键词在整体上不存在先后顺序(disorder);2. 每一类题型内部却有先后顺序(order)。把这两个特点组合在一起，就显现出雅思阅读题的结构特点——有序的无序性(orderly-disorder)。这个特点是平行阅读法存在的前提。例如，在前面的例子中，1～10 题整体上不存在先后顺序，但是第1 种题型的1 ～5题关键词按先后顺序出现，第2 种题型的6～10 题关键词也按先后顺序出现。5 步平行阅读法如果你理解了这种奇特的顺序，那么你已经准备好采用一种全新的方法应对雅思阅读题。我把这种方法总结成5步，并以文章“Sydney 2000Olympics”为例做说明：

步骤1，略读题目(Skimming)。

略读文章的标题和首句，理解文章大意。在本例中，阅读标题Sydney2000 Olympics就能基本了解文章大意。

步骤2 ，精读问题(ReadingQuestions Intensively)。

如果文章配有3 种或3 种以上的题型，建议精读前三类题型的第1 道题，确定关键词。在本例中，应该先精读第1 题和第9 题，因为其答案出现的先后顺序不确定。第1 题的关键词为$960million，第9 题为1993。

步骤3，扫读原文(Scanning)。

回原文扫读关键词的3 种语言重现。这一步要利用本书介绍的新概念——语言重现，它包括3 类重现方式：1.A 对A 的原词重现。2.A 对B 的同义词重现。3.关系重现。

步骤4，精读出现语言重现的上下文(Reading Intensively)。

通过精读上下文，理解含义，分析语法，得出答案。扫读原文时，一旦发现关键词的任何一类语言重现，即转入精读过程。如果说扫读是看大意，那么精读就是字斟句酌地看。不但要理解文章意思，还要分析语法，以便得出准确的答案。在本例中，最先在文中出现的是第1 题的关键词 $960 million的AA 语言重现，便可在此处找出答案。

步骤5，精读下一题(Reading the Next Question Intensively)。

此处用到刚才讲的“隐含顺序”：虽然题型之间不存在顺序，但是每一类题型内部的题目排列却有顺序。所以，第5 步解释为(如果第4 步完成的是第N 道题)：继续精读第N + 1 道题。进一步说明：我们在第2 步精读第1题和第9题，分别找出关键词$960million 和1993，并回原文扫读其语言重现。在第1段找到 $960 million的原词重现，精读后完成第1 题，N = 1。

接下来精读第N+1题，即第2题，关键词是大写的Federal Government。于是带第2题和第9题的关键词回原文继续扫读。在第2段找到第9题1993的AA 重现，精读后把第9题做完。此时N=9，N+1=10。

精读第10题，找出关键词revisedbudget。然后带第2 题与第10 题的关键词Federal Government 和revisedbudget 回原文扫读。很明显，第3 段里有revised budget。

做完第10题后看第11题，其关键词为含有大写字母的F e d e r a lGovernment's $5 million grant，与第2题的关键词重合，都在第3段最后。这里同时找到第2题和第10题的语言重现，得出答案后精读第3题和第11题。依此类推，直到完成所有题目。

在本篇文章中，每道题的答案在文章中出现的顺序是(黑体数字是判断题的题号):1，9，10，2，11，3，4，5，12，6，7，13，14，8。到此便能理解，上述新方法的特点是在各类题型之间穿梭做题，这符合雅思阅读题目答案在文章中的分布规律。平行阅读法的优势。

平行阅读法是一种“一揽子方案”。无论关键词在文章中是顺序分布、部分交叉分布或完全交叉分布，考生都可以只阅读一遍文章就把题目完成，节省了反复阅读的时间。特别要强调的是，“平行阅读法”一开始需要记住两道或三道题目的关键词，中间还要在题目之间转换，这对很多考生来说增加了负担。但是，这种技巧完全可以通过练习来快速适应。要知道，一遍阅读要比任何形式的多遍阅读都快。

另外，平行阅读法强调把全文通读一遍，这也避免了因跳跃式定位关键词的AA 重现而错过AB 同义词重现的尴尬。因为，不逐句浏览是不可能找到A B 重现的。

对于刚刚接触雅思考试和平行阅读法的读者，在“平行阅读法”的5个步骤中最需要花时间练习的是第2步。精读题干，是要发现并牢记每道题中的关键词，然后转入第3步的文章扫读。有的考生却在第2步节省时间，仓促看题，关键词抓得不准，理解不透，结果在扫读文章时错过关键词的重现，反而浪费时间。

雅思阅读题中，各题型内部关键词的顺序性是存在的。但是，凡规律都有例外(There is no rule withoutexception.)。在极个别的情况下，题型内部也有乱序。

综上所述，平行阅读法并不是死的、一成不变的方法，它提供了一种多题并举的做题新思维。读者应根据自己的阅读实力和对考试分数的要求来使用这种方法。

以上就是雅思阅读训练方法之平行阅读法的步骤讲解的全部内容，同学们都了解并掌握了这种方法了吗。其实我们把平行阅读法再归纳总结一下的话，可以说成是带着复数个问题重读原文，定位相关词语找答案。因此他需要用到的技巧就是同义词替换，定位等。

雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析

From The Economist print edition

How shops can exploit people’s herd mentality to increase sales

1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is， how ants， bees or any social animal， including humans， behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.

2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome， Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani， a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology， described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted： for instance， by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store， forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes， also of the Florida Institute of Technology， set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that， if a certain product is seen to be popular， shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.

3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani’s supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag， a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information， and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods， a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high， he is more likely to select it too.

4. Mr Usmani’s “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts. And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bought the “right” product—that is， the one everyone else bought. The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world， mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America and Tesco in Britain are interested in his work， and testing will get under way in the spring.

5. Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could， indeed， be boosted in this way. Matthew Salganik of Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14，000 people downloaded previously unknown songs. The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded， they followed the crowd. When the songs were not ordered by rank， but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed， the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.

6. In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies. The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category， and the rankings are updated weekly. Icosystem， a company in Cambridge， Massachusetts， also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales.

7. And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet. Online retailers such as Amazon are adept at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers. Even in the privacy of your home， you can still be part of the swarm.

Questions 1-6

Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

1. Shopowners realize that the smell of _______________ can increase sales of food products.

2. In shops， products shelved at a more visible level sell better even if they are more _______________.

3. According to Mr. Usmani， with the use of “swarm intelligence” phenomenon， a new method can be applied to encourage _______________.

4. On the way to everyday items at the back of the store， shoppers might be tempted to buy _______________.

5. If the number of buyers shown on the _______________ is high， other customers tend to follow them.

6. Using the “swarm-moves” model， shopowners do not have to give customers _______________ to increase sales.

雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析

Questions 7-12

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 7-12 write

YES if the statement agrees with the information

NO if the statement contraicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage

7. Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in big supermarkets like Wal-Mart.

8. People tend to download more unknown songs than songs they are familiar with.

9. Songs ranked high by the number of times being downloaded are favored by customers.

10. People follow the others to the same extent whether it is convenient or not.

11. Items sold in some Japanese stores are simply chosen according to the sales data of other shops.

12. Swarm intelligence can also be observed in everyday life.

Answer keys：

1. 答案：(freshly baked) bread. (第1段第2 行：Shoppers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they intended.)

2. 答案：expensive. (第1段第4 行： Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors.)

3. 答案：impulse buying. (第2段第1 句：At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome， Zeeshan- ul- hassan Usmani， a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology， described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon.)

4. 答案：other (tempting) goods/things/products. (第2段第2 句：Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted： for instance， by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store， forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them.)

5. 答案：screen. (第3段第4 行：As a customer walks past a shelf of goods， a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high， he is more likely to select it too.)

6. 答案：discounts. (第4段第第1句：Mr Usmani’s “swarm- moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts.)

7. 答案：NO. (第4段第3、4 句：The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world， mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal- Mart in America an Tesco in Britain are interestd in his workd， and testing will get under way in the spring. 短语 “get under way”的意思是“开始进行”，在Wal-Mart的试验要等到春天才开始)

8. 答案：NOT GIVEN. (在文中没有提及该信息)

9. 答案：YES。 (第5段第3 句：The reseachers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they have been downloaded， they followed the crowd.)

10. 答案：NO。 (第5段最后两句：When the songs are not ordered by rank， but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed， the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so. pronounced 的词义是“显著的、明显的”)

11. 答案：YES。 (第6段第1 句：In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies.)

12. 答案：YES。 (最后一段最后一句：Even in the privacy of your home， you can still be part of the swarm. home应该算是everyday life的一部分