雅思阅读考试题材及8大题型详细介绍(精选20篇)由网友“今天要开心”投稿提供,下面是小编为大家带来的雅思阅读考试题材及8大题型详细介绍,希望大家能够喜欢!
篇1:雅思阅读考试题材及8大题型详细介绍
雅思阅读扫盲贴--阅读考试题材及8大题型详细介绍
雅思阅读题材
题材非常广泛,涵盖了科技、法律、教育、历史、文学、交通、社会、自然等多个方面。雅思文章的出处有很多,其中最实用的、便于积累背景知识的雅思文章来源是newscientist网站, 这个网站是雅思出题方公布的出题来源,包括了太空领域、环境、生物地理物理等科学以及社会科学与人类健康等各方面的科学知识。
八大题型
一、段落标题(paragraphheadings)
在做雅思阅读文章的时候,一般是10个选项,其中包括1-2个段落其标题的例子。要求根据段落中的内容找出与其相匹配的段落标题。正式考试中一般1个选项只能用于1个段落。
二、辨别正误题型(True/false/notgiven)
该题型会涉及到:(notgiven/notmentioned)没有提到,有时还会出现下列提法accurat/inaccurat精确/不精确;supported/contradicted一致/不一致。correct/incorrect正确与不正确。辨别正误题型属于比较难的题型。通常出现在阅读测试中的第3或第4部分。
规定时间内如果我们完成不能答题,可以选择根据逻辑猜测。这个办法在回答辨别正误(True;false;notgiven)题型时很有效。由于时间有限,很多题是通过此逻辑猜测得出正确答案。
三、回答问题(short-answerquestiontasks)
回答问题是根据所给文章或图表回答问题。雅思阅读考试中中通常是出现what、which、when、where、who、whose、whom、why、how等单词。这些单词有时会在答题指引中将所提问题列出。
回答问题答题步骤:
1.仔细查看答题指引,了解回答何种问题。
2.查看例句,确定答题方式。
3.要确定问句的种类,一般疑问句可按正常形式回答,如果是选择疑问句或者是以wh/how开头的问句就一定要具体回答。
4.仔细理解问句所提问题。
5.特别要注意问句中所提问题的关键词语(例如:单数、复数),以及问句中表明数量、时间、地点的词语。
6.将问句中的关键词语与文章中相关句子中的词语进行匹配。
7.确定问句与文章中相关句子含义是否一致,得出答案。
四、完成图表、示意图题型(table、chartordiagramcompletion)
完成图表、示意图题型是要根据文章所给出的信息,将图表内缺失的内容填补出来。雅思阅读考试中,有很多种图表及示意图。这些图表虽然篇幅不长,却能够明确说明问题的答案。通常这些图表会附在所给阅读文章之内,作为文章的一部分,千万不能忽略这类图表。图表填空的关键在于分析图表信息点,根据信息点寻找对应的答案。
完成图表、示意图题答题步骤:
1.详细查看答题指引,以确定图表为何种信息。
2.查看例句,了解图表内容及答题方式。
3.查看图表题目栏中词语及数字符号。
4.查看图表中的说明及注释部分。
5.利用问句中的关键词语,在所给图表中寻找答案。
雅思考试阅读理解提分练习试题及答案
A.
When Denis Hennequin took over as the European boss of McDonald’s in January , the world’s biggest restaurant chain was showing signs of recovery in America and Australia, but sales in Europe were sluggish or declining. One exception was France, where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the group’s French subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots. His task was to replicate this success in all 41 of the European countries where anti-globalisers’ favourite enemy operates.
B.
So far Mr Hennequin is doing well. Last year European sales increased by 5.8% and the number of customers by 3.4%, the best annual results in nearly 15 years. Europe accounted for 36% of the group’s profits and for 28% of its sales. December was an especially good month as customers took to seasonal menu offerings in France and Britain, and to a promotion in Germany based on the game of Monopoly.
C
Mr Hennequin’s recipe for revival is to be more open about his company’s operations, to be “locally relevant”, and to improve the experience of visiting his 6,400 restaurants. McDonald’s is blamed for making people fat, exploiting workers, treating animals cruelly, polluting the environment and simply for being American. Mr Hennequin says he wants to engage in a dialogue with the public to address these concerns.
D.
He introduced “open door” visitor days in each country which became hugely popular. In Poland alone some 50,000 visitors came to McDonald’s through the visitors’ programme last year. The Nutrition Information Initiative, launched last year, put detailed labels on McDonald’s packaging with data on calories, protein, fat, carbohydrates and salt content. The details are also printed on tray-liners.
E.
Mr Hennequin also wants people to know that “McJobs”, the low-paid menial jobs at McDonald’s restaurants, are much better than people think. But some of his efforts have backfired: last year he sparked a controversy with the introduction of a “McPassport” that allows McDonald’s employees to work anywhere in the European Union. Politicians accused the firm of a ploy to make cheap labour from eastern Europe more easily available to McDonald’s managers across the continent.
F.
To stay in touch with local needs and preferences, McDonald’s employs local bosses as much as possible. A Russian is running McDonald’s in Russia, though a Serb is in charge of Germany. The group buys mainly from local suppliers. Four-fifths of its supplies in France come from local farmers, for example. (Some of the French farmers who campaigned against the company in the late 1990s subsequently discovered that it was, in fact, buying their produce.) And it hires celebrities such as Heidi Klum, a German model, as local brand ambassadors.
G.
In his previous job Mr Hennequin established a “design studio” in France to spruce up his company’s drab restaurants and adapt the interior to local tastes. The studio is now masterminding improvements everywhere in Europe. He also set up a “food studio”, where cooks devise new recipes in response to local trends.
H.
Given France’s reputation as the most anti-American country in Europe, it seems odd that McDonald’s revival in Europe is being led by a Frenchman, using ideas cooked up in the French market. But France is in fact the company’s most profitable market after America. The market where McDonald’s is weakest in Europe is not France, but Britain.
I.
“Fixing Britain should be his priority,” says David Palmer, a restaurant analyst at UBS. Almost two-thirds of the 1,214 McDonald’s restaurants in Britain are company-owned, compared with 40% in Europe and 15% in America. The company suffers from the volatility of sales at its own restaurants, but can rely on steady income from franchisees. So it should sell as many underperforming outlets as possible, says Mr Palmer.
J.
M.Mark Wiltamuth, an analyst at Morgan Stanley, estimates that European company-owned restaurants’ margins will increase slightly to 16.4% in . This is still less than in the late 1990s and below America’s 18-19% today. But it is much better than before Mr Hennequin’s reign. He is already being tipped as the first European candidate for the group’s top job in Illinois. Nobody would call that a McJob.
Questions 1-6
Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?
Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
TRUE if the statement reflects the claims of the writer
FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
1. McDonald was showing the sign of recovery in all European countries except France after Denis Hennequin took office as the boss of Euro-markets.
2. Starting from last year, detailed labels are put on McDonald’s packaging and detailed information is also printed on tray-liners.
3. France is said to be the most anti-American country in Europe, but the ideas of the “open door” visiting days and “McPassport” are invented in the French market.
4. Britain possesses the weakest McDonald market among European countries and approximately 1214 McDonald’s restaurants are company-owned.
5. According to David Palmer, a restaurant analyst at UBS, David Hennequin should treat the problem about McDonald in Britain as the most important thing.
6. David Palmer suggested that the management of McDonalod in Italy should sell as many its outlets which lose money in business as possible for revival.
Questions 7-10
Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 7-10 on your answe sheet.
7. The word “sterling” in line 3 of Paragraph A means__________.
A. difficult
B. menial
C. terrible
D. excellent
8. Which of the following statements on the accusation of MacDonald is NOT TRUE?
A. It tends to make people fat.
B. Its operations are very vague.
C. It tends to exploit workers.
D. It tends to treat animals cruelly.
9. Which of the following measures taken by Denis Hennequin produced undesired result?
A. “Food Studio” scheme.
B. “Open Door” visitor days.
C. The “McPassport” scheme.
D. The Nutrition Information Initiative.
10. What did Denis Hennequin do so as to respond to local trends?
A. set up a “Food Studio” .
B. established a “Design Studio”.
C. hired celebrities as local brand ambassadors.
D. employed local bosses as much as possible.
Questions 11-14
Complete each of the following statements (Questions 11-14) with words or number taken from Reading Passage 1.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.
11. After January 2004, McDonald was making improvement following a period of slump in America and Australia, but sales in Europe were ………………………….
12. Business of McDonald in France and Britain was particularly good in December since customers took to ……………………………..
13. Compared with other countries, France is McDonald’s ………………………. next to America.
14. ……………………. of McDonald’s restaurants in America are companied–owned and the figure is much lower than that in Britain. Part II
Notes to Reading Passage 1
1.sterling高质量的
e.g. He has many sterling qualities. 他身上有许多优秀的品质。
2. menial 不体面的, 乏味的(工作、职业)
3. spruce up打扮整齐、漂亮、装饰
4. mastermind指挥、谋划(一个计划或活动)
e.g. The police know who masterminded the robbery.警察知道是谁策划了那次抢劫。
5. underperform表现不佳表现出低于标准的工作水平、企业出现亏本
Part III
Keys and explanations to the Questions 1-14
1. FALSE
See the second sentence in Paragraph A “One exception was France, where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the group’s French subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots. His task was to replicate this success in all 41 of the European countries…”.
2. TRUE
See the last sentence in Paragraph D “The Nutrition Information Initiative, launched last year, put detailed labels on McDonald’s packaging with data on calories, protein, fat, carbohydrates and salt content. The details are also printed on tray-liners.”
3. NOT GIVEN
See Paragraph D, E and H “Given France’s reputation as the most anti-American country in Europe, it seems odd that McDonald’s revival in Europe is being led by a Frenchman, using ideas cooked up in the French market.”.
4. FALSE
See the last sentence of Paragraph H and first sentence of Paragraph L “The market where McDonald’s is weakest in Europe is not France, but Britain…Almost two-thirds of the 1,214 McDonald’s restaurants in Britain are company-owned…”
5. TRUE
See the first sentence of Paragraph I “Fixing Britain should be his priority,” says David Palmer, a restaurant analyst at UBS”.
6. NOT GIVEN
See the last sentence of Paragraph I “So it should sell as many underperforming outlets as possible, says Mr Palmer”.
7. D
See the first sentence of Paragraph A “One exception was France, where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the group’s French subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots”.
8. B
See the second sentence of Paragraph D “McDonald’s is blamed for making people fat, exploiting workers, treating animals cruelly, polluting the environment”
9. C
See the second sentence of Paragraph E “But some of his efforts have backfired: last year he sparked a controversy with the introduction of a “McPassport” that allows McDonald’s employees to work anywhere in the European Union..”
10. A
See the last sentence of Paragraph G “He also set up a “food studio”, where cooks devise new recipes in response to local trends”.
11. sluggish or declining
See the first sentence of Paragraph A “When Denis Hennequin took over as the European boss of McDonald’s in January 2004, the world’s biggest restaurant chain was showing signs of recovery in America and Australia, but sales in Europe were sluggish or declining.”
12. seasonal menu offerings
See the last sentence of Paragraph B “December was an especially good month as customers took to seasonal menu offerings in France and Britain, and to a promotion in Germany based on the game of Monopoly”.
13.most profitable market
See the second sentence of Paragraph H “But France is in fact the company’s most profitable market after America”.
14. 15%
See the second sentence of Paragraph I “Almost two-thirds of the 1,214 McDonald’s restaurants in Britain are company-owned, compared with 40% in Europe and 15% in America”.
篇2:雅思阅读评分标准一览及8大阅读题型介绍
雅思阅读考试时间为60分钟,阅读文章总字数在3000-4000,文章内容多样,甚至有时以图表、表格的方式出现,共40题,题目样式亦是繁多,本文将分析8种基本阅读题型的样式及一般特点。
2020雅思阅读评分标准一览及8大阅读题型最新介绍
雅思阅读题型之一、段落标题(paragraphheadings)
在做雅思阅读文章的时候,一般是10个选项,其中包括1-2个段落其标题的例子。要求根据段落中的内容找出与其相匹配的段落标题。正式考试中一般1个选项只能用于1个段落。
雅思阅读题型之二、辨别正误题型(True/false/notgiven)
该题型会涉及到:(notgiven/notmentioned)没有提到,有时还会出现下列提法accurat/inaccurat精确/不精确;supported/contradicted一致/不一致。correct/incorrect正确与不正确。辨别正误题型属于比较难的题型。通常出现在阅读测试中的第3或第4部分。
规定时间内如果我们完成不能答题,可以选择根据逻辑猜测。这个办法在回答辨别正误(True;false;notgiven)题型时很有效。由于时间有限,很多题是通过此逻辑猜测得出正确答案。
雅思阅读题型之三、回答问题(short-answerquestiontasks)
回答问题是根据所给文章或图表回答问题。雅思阅读考试中中通常是出现what、which、when、where、who、whose、whom、why、how等单词。这些单词有时会在答题指引中将所提问题列出。
回答问题答题步骤:
1.仔细查看答题指引,了解回答何种问题。
2.查看例句,确定答题方式。
3.要确定问句的种类,一般疑问句可按正常形式回答,如果是选择疑问句或者是以wh/how开头的问句就一定要具体回答。
4.仔细理解问句所提问题。
5.特别要注意问句中所提问题的关键词语(例如:单数、复数),以及问句中表明数量、时间、地点的词语。
6.将问句中的关键词语与文章中相关句子中的词语进行匹配。
7.确定问句与文章中相关句子含义是否一致,得出答案。
雅思阅读题型之四、完成图表、示意图题型(table、chartordiagramcompletion)
完成图表、示意图题型是要根据文章所给出的信息,将图表内缺失的内容填补出来。雅思阅读考试中,有很多种图表及示意图。这些图表虽然篇幅不长,却能够明确说明问题的答案。通常这些图表会附在所给阅读文章之内,作为文章的一部分,千万不能忽略这类图表。图表填空的关键在于分析图表信息点,根据信息点寻找对应的答案。
雅思阅读题型之完成图表、示意图题答题步骤:
1.详细查看答题指引,以确定图表为何种信息。
2.查看例句,了解图表内容及答题方式。
3.查看图表题目栏中词语及数字符号。
4.查看图表中的说明及注释部分。
5.利用问句中的关键词语,在所给图表中寻找答案。
雅思阅读题型之五、配对题(matching)
配对题是雅思阅读考试a类中比较普遍的题型,配对的范围主要在:事件和事件的发展过程;原因和结果;文章中的概念和概念的解释;标志性事物和其所在的时代;新产品和发明家、时间等。
配对题答题步骤:
1.仔细查看答题指引,了解回答何种问题。
2.查看例句,确定答题方式。
3.弄清那些选项是同义选项,那些选项是反义选项,那些选项是有关数字选项。
4.根据在题目中自己划出的中心词在原文中寻找信息点,注意以大写、斜体、括号和引号方式出现的概念。
5.对于有关人名与理论、新产品和发明家、时间的配对题,首先要快速找出人名、公司名和时间,然后在附近的上下文中找答案。
雅思阅读题型之六、摘要(summary)、填空题型(gapfill)
填空题通常有两种形式:一种是根据文章内容选择词或短语填空,一般是为阅读文章的缩写内容进行填空;另一种则无参考文章,只是一篇短文。第一种题型相对第二种题型较难,所花费时间较多,因为要将两篇文章进行语句、词语的比较。不过这种缩写形式对于理解所给阅读文章有所帮助。第二种形式是利用所给单词或短语进行填空。上述两种形式填空题都需要借助语法、词法知识,分析所需填空文章中相关句子的含义。
雅思阅读题型之七、完成句子题型(sentencecompletiontasks)
完成句子题型就是先给出句子的一部分,未给出部分在文章中找出,或者给出2-3个答案,由你选择一个。这种题型较难,要花一点时间仔细查看文章中的有关部分。
完成句子题答题步骤:
1.详细阅读答题指引,获取必要的答题信息。
2.参考例句,确定答题形式。
3.利用语法知识确定句子缺失部分。
4.仔细查看所给句子的含义,并找出关键词语。
5.利用所给部分的关键词语在文章中找出相关句子。
6.在文章中的相关句子里,选取缺失部分(即答案)。
如果完成句子题型是以多重选择的形式出现,那么则要将选择答案部分列为问句的一部分,从中选取所需的关键词语,逐个与文章中相关句子进行匹配。
雅思阅读题型之八、多重选择题型(maltiple-choicetasks)
多重选择题型与toefl测试中的多重选择题型看似类似,实质上差别很大。雅思阅读测试中的多重选择题型更多侧重于对文章的理解,而tofel则强调语法、词法的运用。
注意多重选择题型下列情况:
1.alloftheabove.(上述全部)
2.eithera.orb.orc.orabove.(或者上面的a。或b。或c。)
3.itdependson.(视...而定)
如果出现上述三种情况,就要对所有的选择答案进行分析对比。
雅思阅读错题原因解读
经常有学生来询问:“老师,剑桥系列书里的题做完了还有什么可以做的?”我都会反问一个问题:“你是只做完了,还是把题目都分析完了?”得到的回答通常是前者。中国学生都很勤奋,喜欢搞题海战术,从大量的题目中提高自己做题的信心,但却不擅长分析总结。
很多学生做完题对完答案就算把这篇文章结束了,很多时候并不十分清楚自己错在什么地方。我经常跟学生说,在复习的时候错的那些题永远要比对的那些题来得有价值。就如有名的短板理论,那些曾做错的题目就是我们的短板,如果没有及时分析原因,到真正考试的时候可能还会在同样的地方犯错。因此,我们把剑桥系列里的文章完成之后一定要对自己做错的题目(包括侥幸蒙对的题目)进行分析,总结原因,这样有利于针对性的克服。
根据同学们的反馈,我把大家平时做错雅思阅读题的原因进行分类汇总,并给出一些解决的方法。
一、定位错误
大部分的阅读题目都是细节题,主要考察我们一种细节查找的能力,说白了就是“找”,很多同学题目做不出来的主要原因都是找不到。而找不到一般有两个原因:
(1)关键词没选对
关键词主要是用于定位,其选取十分重要,如没选好我们就很难找到该题。比如有道判断题“In 1985, AI was at its lowest point.” (剑5Test3Passage3Q33)不少同学打算拿AI或lowest去定位,但这篇文章的标题就叫“The Return of Artificial Intelligence”, AI是文章的主题词,到处都是,没办法定位到一个点上;此外,判断题有可能是错的,对于这道题最可能错的地方就是lowest,一旦此题是错的,用lowest是没法定位的。因此,我们尽量要选取特殊且不可替代的信息作为关键词来定位。
(2)关键词的同义替换不认识或没注意
有些题目的关键词在原文中会进行同义替换。有时我们能够找对关键词,但其替换词可能不认识或没注意到。比如某道题中的关键词“protect”在原文中出现的替换词是“conservation”,如果不认识这个替换词,很可能就找不到该题。或者有时候是由于注意力不集中而没有注意到关键词的替换。比如剑4中有道题出现了“1900”这个年份,在原文中的同义替换是“twentieth century”。不少同学看到“twentieth century”一下子的反应是从开始,没有意识到是19,这样此题也有可能错过。因此,平时单词的积累以及考试集中注意力非常重要。
二、定位对题错
如果定位正确而题目仍然做错一般有以下原因:
(1)单词
单词是困扰很多学生的一个问题,相当数量的同学题目做不出来都是由于词汇量不足。有次有个学生来询问一个单词的意思,我一看非常崩溃,是“population”。因此,考雅思之前的词汇积累非常必要,至少大学四级核心词汇得具备。
雅思阅读考试复习忠告
我们的总结如下:
1、做题多少不是关键,勤于总结才是要害。要多去总结每篇文章每段话的主旨信息、文体结构,文章的线索发展,把自己当一个准作者那样要求,你一定会发现自己的眼睛变得越来越犀利,找答案也会找得更快更有头绪。
2、鉴于雅思考试对我们的问题处理效率提出了极高的要求,我们也不应该再只是死背单词了。我们要想办法提高自己单位时间的阅读速度和整体做题速度,比如依靠前文提到的skim & scan,以及按照意群进行阅读的方法。
3、我们应该明确,一个有9000词汇量的考生,未必能考出一个有3000词汇量的考生的雅思成绩的三倍,除非后者放水。这说明什么?说明我们不能一味追求词汇的“广度”。掌握一个单词的真正意思,也就是一个单词给我们带来的“应激”(以后希望有机会专门就此概念再写点东西,这很有用),比自我安慰的背过50个单词,可能还有用。
4、别瞧不起词法知识。全文通篇,我都没有提到“语法”,一直在强调词法,是为了告诉大家,雅思阅读考试已经很务实了,倘若这剩下的最后一点词法知识你都不能胜任,那可以想见,以后的论文生活,对你来说就是酷刑一般。所以,每当做完各类填空题,都检查一下自己是否还存在些基本功方面的漏洞,及时修缮,才是提高填空题正确率的正道。
5、最后的一点忠告,让雅思的每篇文章变成各位写作的领路人,看看人家这文章是怎么写出来的。坚持这样做,你会发现,陌生的文章也将变得不再陌生,抽象的文章也将不再抽象,答案,就在你希望出现的地方。
雅思阅读考试复习技巧三方面
首先,我们需要选择一套好的教材。雅思阅读考试时一项综合考察考生英语基础能力和阅读技巧的考试,因此,“回炉”考生备好如下三方面复习教材:
1.真题
《剑桥雅思考试全真试题解析》(4-11)是雅思考试的历年真题,是烤鸭们的惟一“胜经”。它反映出雅思考试的出题思路,指出了雅思的发展方向,其重要性就不言而喻。比如说,3月14日雅思学术类阅读考试的Passage 3的文章内容及观点就与 《剑4》Test 2的Passage 1“Lost for Words”惊人类似,若考生在考前对于此文章足够熟悉,那么在考场上势必会更加胸有成竹。
除了真题之外我们还需要什么呢?如果首次考试分数和自己的目标相差很大,则说明绝不仅仅是应试技巧出了问题,考生的英语水平可能也没有达到雅思阅读考试的要求。雅思的本质是语言考试,因此考试分数的提高需要建立在英语基础的提高上。下面就从单词和语法两个对于阅读能力来说至关重要的方面分别提出解决办法:
2.单词
对于英语基础以及目标分数不同的考生来说,单词书的选用应该区别对待。对于一般目标分数在6分或6分以下的高中生来说,需要针对一本高中词汇书以及一本大学四级词汇书进行突击记忆;对于目标分数为6.5分及以上的同学来说,除了需要对高中词汇书和四级词汇书进行巩固加强外,还需准备一本雅思词汇书进行记忆,此处推荐群言出版社出版的一系列诸如《雅思词汇精选》等收词全面的雅思词汇书。如果有余力的考生需要通过系统的教程来学习单词含义和用法的话,可以考虑使用例如西安交通大学出版社出版的《剑桥雅思词汇》等词汇教程。不过对于短期准备雅思阅读考试来说,单词只需掌握其含义即可。采集者退散
3.语法
语法基础薄弱的考生应当选择一套综合的语法教程进行自学。选择语法书时最好要挑选练习题多的,且以主观题为主的。此处推荐《剑桥雅思语法》或是《剑桥雅思常见错误解析》等书。此外,对于一本语法书内容的选用也大有讲究。语法书的编排一般是按照词法到句法的顺序,而“回炉”考生最大的问题不在词法而是句法。因此,应将复习重点放在弄清句子的基本类型、名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句这些章节,力争理解每一个语法点,并把每道练习题都弄明白。
篇3:雅思阅读题型介绍
雅思阅读题型介绍
文章介绍
第一部分的内容选自通知、广告、时间表、宣传品、以及其它类似的内容。第二部分的内容选自大学招生简章、课程介绍、大学课程介绍、图书馆指引、规定、以及其它类似的内容。第三部分的内容选自报纸、杂志、期刊、小说或非虚构的书籍、以及其它类似的内容。所有文章总计长度约在2400字左右。
题目形式
雅思考试阅读部分(培训类)有11种基本的题型,部分题型还会有其它的变化形式。
题型1 选择题
题型2 多项配对
题型3 填空
题型4 完成句子
题型5 完成笔记、总结、或流程图
题型6 完成总结
题型7 为段落或文章的部分选择相对应的小标题
题型8 寻找信息
题型9 判断作者观点、看法或文章中的具体信息
题型10 分类
题型11 配对
题型一选择题
题目可能已经给出句子的前半部分,考生需在选项中选择一个的方法答案完成这个句子。题目也可能是一个完整的问题,考生需在选项中选择一个的答案。考生需从四个可供选择的答案A、B、C或D中选择一个的答案。题目的顺序与相对应的信息在文章中出现的顺序是相同的。
这种题型可能出现的形式有:
有时考生需从多于四个可供选择的选项中进行选择,也有可能需选择不止一个作为正确答案。另外,也有可能在一组问题的末尾再提出一个总括性的问题,如为文章选择一个最适合的标题。
题型二多项配对
题目将给出数个选项,考生需将这些可供选择的选项与文章节选或段落进行对应。文章节选或段落用字母所标注,会出现某些选项不被选择的可能,或者有些选项会被用到不止一次。多项配对题考察的是考生在阅读时使用跳读和扫读技巧寻找特定信息的能力。
题型三填空
这种题型要求考生回答关于文章中具体的、事实性的信息的问题,考生需在问卷上填写多个单词或数字进行作答。一般来说,题目的指示会说明“从文章中选取不超过三个单词和/或一个数字作答”,但有些时候是“一个单词”、或“不超过两个单词”、或“四个单词”。数字可以用阿拉伯数字、也可以用文字的形式填写。如果考生填写了超过问题指示中所要求的字数,即使所填的内容中包含正确的答案,也会被扣分。缩写的单词不会被作为考试的内容。带有连字符的单词按照一个单词计算。
这种题型要求考生能够有效地进行跳读,在文章中寻找相关的段落,并能够有效地进行扫读,寻找相关的句子并对详细信息进行仔细阅读。题目的顺序通常是经过了编排的,所以答案出现的顺序通常来说是与文章的顺序相同的。
题型四完成句子
? 第一种形式:考生需按照要求的字数完成一个从文章中抽取出来的句子。
? 第二种形式:题目中给出了前半个句子(该句与文章内容有关),考生需从若干个选项中选取合适的内容完成这个句子。考生有时需要多次使用某一个选项作答。
如果是第一种形式,题目的指示中会说明考生最多可以使用多少个单词。最常见的指示会说明“用不超过三个单词和/或一个数字作答”,但有些时候是“一个单词”、或“不超过两个单词” 、或“四个单词”。数字可以用阿拉伯数字、也可以用文字的形式填写。
如果考生填写了超过问题指示中所要求的字数,即使所填的内容中包含正确的答案,也会被扣分。缩写的单词不会被作为考试的内容。带有连字符的单词按照一个单词计算。在考生需填写单词完成句子的题目中,单词必须是直接从文章中选取的。如果是第二种形式,考生需从若干个答案中选择的答案进行作答,并将答案所对应的字母填写在答卷上。选择的答案数量比问题的数量要多。
在几乎所有需要将句首和句尾进行配对的题目里,可供选择的句尾的语法都是符合语法规则的。考生需按照意思来将句首和句尾进行配对,而不是通过语法。文章中题目出现的顺序是与文章的顺序相同的。
题型五完成笔记、表格或流程图
考生需要使用一个或多个单词来填写笔记、表格或流程图里的空格。题目的指引中会清楚地说明需选择一个词、不超过两个词、三个词或者四个词等。这种题型要求考生需能够有效地进行跳读,在文章中寻找相关的段落,并能够有效地进行扫读,寻找相关的句子并对详细信息进行仔细阅读。对于这种题型来说,答案通常会集中出现在文中某一部分,而不是散落在整篇文章中。
? 第一种形式:考生需从题目所提供的一组单词和词组中选取合适的一个单词或多个单词进行填空,可选择的单词或词组数量会比需要填写的单词的数量要多。
? 第二种形式:没有可供选择的单词,考生需从文章中选取一个单词或词组进行填空。
题型六完成总结
考生需要使用一个单词或者多个单词来填写笔记、表格或流程图里的空格。如果考生需从文章中选取单词或数字进行填空,题目的指引中会清楚地说明需选择一个词、不超过两个词、三个词或者四个词等。对于这种题型来说,答案通常会集中出现在文中某一部分,而不是散落在整篇文章中。
这种题型最常出现在雅思考试阅读(培训类)的第三部分,但也有可能出现在其他部分。完成总结的对象可能是整篇文章也可能是文章的一部分。有时题目会给出总结所需的小标题,可以帮助考生找到需要进行总结的部分。需要总结全文的题目是考察考生寻找要点的能力,需要总结部分文章的题目考察的是考生寻找补充性的细节信息。
? 第一种形式:考生需从题目所提供的一组单词和词组中选取合适的一个单词或多个单词进行填空,可选择的单词或词组数量会比需要填写的单词的数量要多。
? 第二种形式:没有可供选择的单词,考生需从文章中选取一个单词或词组进行填空。
题型七为段落或文章的部分选择相对应的小标题
题目会给出一组小标题,这些小标题对应文章中的部分段落。考生需将这些小标题与具体的段落进行配对。通常考生需要对7-8个小标题进行配对,而文章可能有不止7-8个段落,有一些小标题可能已经作为示范进行了配对。小标题的数量总是比段落的数量要多,而且每个小标题只能使用一次,所以考生需要进行仔细思考再选择。这种题型考察的是考生区分要点和补充性细节信息的能力。
题型八寻找信息
在这种题型中,题目出现的顺序与信息出现的顺序是不相同的。考生不一定需要在每一段文章中寻找信息。但考生有可能需要在同一个段落里寻找不止一个信息,在这种情况下,题目的指引中会对此进行说明。这种题型考察考生在段落中寻找特定信息的能力。
考生需要寻找的信息包括:
? 特定信息
? 某种事情/事物的例子
? 事件等发生的原因
? 一个描述
? 一个总结
? 一个解释
? 其他
题型九判断作者观点、看法或文章中的具体信息
题目会提供一组表示意见/看法,或是事实性信息的陈述。这种题型考察考生进行跳读、扫读和对细节进行阅读理解的能力。
? 针对意见或看法,考生需回答这些陈述是否符合或反映了作者的观点或看法。答案的形式有“是”(YES)、“否”(NO)、或“无从判断”(NOT GIVEN)。
? 针对事实性信息,考生需回答这些陈述是否与文章中的信息一致。答案的形式有“一致”(TRUE)、“不一致”(FALSE)、或“无从判断”(NOT GIVEN)。
题型十分类
题目会提供一组信息、以及数个类别,这些类别用一个或多个字母代表。考生需根据信息的共性将这些信息归类到各个类别中。这种题型考察考生能否区分文中信息之间的关系和关联,最常见于涉及事实性信息的文章中,如说明文。考生需要进行跳读和扫读以寻找相关的信息并对细节进行阅读理解。
题型十一配对
题目会提供一组内容,如原理、观点、人名、地名、物品等。考生需将这些内容与一组选项中的相应内容进行配对。题目指引中会对是否需要使用多次进行配对进行说明。这种题型考察考生进行跳读和扫读的能力,以及阅读理解文中某一部分要点的能力。
提示:
? 应仔细阅读题目的指示和说明,这些信息会告诉你在哪里寻找答案、需要如何回答问题、以及答案字数的限定。题目里的指示还会说明答案是否可以多次使用,并提醒你把答案转抄到答卷上。
? 注意大多数的题型下,题目出现的顺序和信息在文章中出现的顺序都是一致的。
? 进行扫读练习,以便能在文章片段中快速寻找与题目相关的关键词。你也可以用扫读练习在段落中寻找关键词。
? 在大多数情况下(如填空题),你所填写的答案需符合正确的语法要求,正确的单词拼写和词组搭配是非常重要的,出现错误是要被扣分的。
? 在大多数情况下,你可以在文章里找到需要填写的单词,并应将这个词正确仔细地抄在答卷上。运用笔记、表格、图表或流程图中的内容以及范例来预测答案所涉及的信息的类型。
? 在辅导课上,与同学和老师讨论每种题型下答案可能出现的形式。
? 在阅读的时候将关键词和词组用下划线标记出来,并注意题目中的关键词与文中关键词的联系。
? 熟悉同义词以及带有概括作用的词汇,这可以帮助你找到相关信息。
? 练习如何用不同的方式表达相同的意思和信息。
? 思考某些信息之间有什么共性、又有什么不同之处。
? 练习相关的阅读技巧,如跳读、扫读,用于寻找信息。
? 有些考生认为只有做题才能帮助提高成绩,因此陷于题海战术。这并不能让考生按照希望的那样快速提高成绩,这对备考和英语学习是不利的。备考的过程中应该广泛阅读不同的材料,如报纸、期刊、杂志和书籍,并利用这些资源为备考服务。
? 注意熟悉不同的文体,并且练习如何更好地理解这些文体。在练习中熟悉所有雅思考试阅读(培训类)的题型。
? 要注意阅读的方法不止一种。有的考生会一字一句地慢慢地仔细阅读,并把所有的生词划出来,还因为这些生词而打断了阅读的连贯性。你应该明确,考试的主要任务是找到题目的答案,因此考试中运用的阅读技巧与你需要记忆内容时所用的阅读技巧是不同的。考试过程中不应过于担心出现的生词,同时应该在平时多加练习如何根据上下文的语义来猜测生词的意思,尽量不要用字典查每一个生词。
? 在任何时候都要认真阅读题目的指示。有些题型是会有不同的变化形式的,如果不明确题目的要求,你是很容易出现混淆而导致出错的。
? 在阅读的时候应该注意时间限制。如果某个题目你一时找不到答案,就应该继续做下一道题目,避免在某一道题目上花费过多的时间。
? 注意不要过于依赖于从文中寻找某个词来作答。你应该练习如何改述、在文中找到改述的内容。
? 遇到那些题目出现的顺序与文章顺序一致的题型,要记得你是无须返回前文寻找每一个问题的答案的。
雅思考试阅读理解预测试题及答案
In the earliest stages of man's development he had no more need of money than animals have. He was content with very simple forms of shelter, made his own rough tools and weapons and could provide food and clothing for himself and his family from natural materials around him. As he became more civilized, however, he began to want better shelter, more efficient tools and weapons, and more comfortable and more lasting clothing than could be provided by his own neighborhood or by the work of his own unskilled hands. For these things he had to turn to the skilled people such as smiths, leather workers or carpenters. It was then that the question of payment arose.
At first he got what he wanted by a simple process of exchange. The smith who had not the time to look after land or cattle was glad to take meat or grain from the farmer in exchange for an axe or a plough. But as more and more goods which had no fixed exchange value came on the market, exchange became too complicated to be satisfactory. Another problem arose when those who made things wanted to get stocks of wood or leather, or iron, but had nothing to offer in exchange until their finished goods were ready.
Thus the difficulties of exchange led by degrees to the invention of money. In some countries easily handled things like seeds or shells were given a certain value and the farmer, instead of paying the smith for a new axe by giving him some meat or grain, gave him so many shells. If the smith had any shells left when he had bought his food, he could get stocks of the raw materials of his trade. In some countries quite large things such as cows or camels or even big flat stones were used for trade. Later, pieces of metal, bearing values according to the rarity of the metal and the size of the pieces, or coins were used. Money as we know it had arrived.
1. Exchange of goods became difficult because _________.
A man became more civilized
B smiths began to look after land or cattle in their spare time
C more and more goods which had no fixed exchange values came to the marker
D farmers hadn't enough grain or meat to provide for skilled workers
2. Money was not used until _______.
A paper was invented
B people practiced a simple process of exchange
C nothing could be offered in exchange
D the exchange of one thing for another became too complicated
3. The best title for this passage is _____.
A What is money
B What are money's functions.
C The importance of money
D The beginning of money
注释:
1. stage 阶段;时期at an early stage in our history
在我们的历史早期
(前面与the连用)演员生涯;剧院工作;戏剧工作 行程,旅程
to travel by easy stages 从容旅行
2. content n.内容,容量,目录,满足adj.满足的, 满意的, 愿意vt.使满足
We should never content ourselves with a little book knowledge only. 我们切不可满足于仅仅有一点点书本知识。
3. shelter n.掩蔽处,身避处,掩蔽,保护,庇护所,掩体v.掩蔽,躲避
He stood in the shelter at the bus stop. 他站在公共汽车站的候车亭里。
4. smith n.铁匠,金属品工匠
leather n.皮革,皮革制品
carpenter n.木匠
5. axe or plough 斧或犁
6 complicate 使复杂化,使错综加重(疾病)使混乱,难做、难懂;使恶化
be complicated in 卷入……(的麻烦中)
Don't complicate life for me! 不要为我把生活搞复杂了!
答案:1 C 2 D 3 D
雅思考试阅读理解模拟测试题及答案
Next Year Marks the EU's 50th Anniversary of the Treaty
A. After a period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief, continental European governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan-European institution-building in . Whether the European public will welcome a return to what voters in two countries had rejected so short a time before is another matter.
B. There are several reasons for Europe's recovering self-confidence. For years European economies had been lagging dismally behind America (to say nothing of Asia), but in the large continental economies had one of their best years for a decade, briefly outstripping America in terms of growth. Since politics often reacts to economic change with a lag, 2006's improvement in economic growth will have its impact in 2007, though the recovery may be ebbing by then.
C. The coming year also marks a particular point in a political cycle so regular that it almost seems to amount to a natural law. Every four or five years, European countries take a large stride towards further integration by signing a new treaty: the Maastricht treaty in 1992, the Treaty of Amsterdam in , the Treaty of Nice in . And in they were supposed to ratify a European constitution, laying the ground for yet more integration—until the calm rhythm was rudely shattered by French and Dutch voters. But the political impetus to sign something every four or five years has only been interrupted, not immobilised, by this setback.
D. In 2007 the European Union marks the 50th anniversary of another treaty—the Treaty of Rome, its founding charter. Government leaders have already agreed to celebrate it ceremoniously, restating their commitment to “ever closer union” and the basic ideals of European unity. By itself, and in normal circumstances, the EU's 50th-birthday greeting to itself would be fairly meaningless, a routine expression of European good fellowship. But it does not take a Machiavelli to spot that once governments have signed the declaration (and it seems unlikely anyone would be so uncollegiate as to veto it) they will already be halfway towards committing themselves to a new treaty. All that will be necessary will be to incorporate the 50th-anniversary declaration into a new treaty containing a number of institutional and other reforms extracted from the failed attempt at constitution-building and—hey presto—a new quasi-constitution will be ready.
E. According to the German government—which holds the EU's agenda-setting presidency during the first half of 2007—there will be a new draft of a slimmed-down constitution ready by the middle of the year, perhaps to put to voters, perhaps not. There would then be a couple of years in which it will be discussed, approved by parliaments and, perhaps, put to voters if that is deemed unavoidable. Then, according to bureaucratic planners in Brussels and Berlin, blithely ignoring the possibility of public rejection, the whole thing will be signed, sealed and a new constitution delivered in -10. Europe will be nicely back on schedule. Its four-to-five-year cycle of integration will have missed only one beat.
F. The resurrection of the European constitution will be made more likely in 2007 because of what is happening in national capitals. The European Union is not really an autonomous organisation. If it functions, it is because the leaders of the big continental countries want it to, reckoning that an active European policy will help them get done what they want to do in their own countries.
G. That did not happen in 2005-06. Defensive, cynical and self-destructive, the leaders of the three largest euro-zone countries—France, Italy and Germany—were stumbling towards their unlamented ends. They saw no reason to pursue any sort of European policy and the EU, as a result, barely functioned. But by the middle of 2007 all three will have gone, and this fact alone will transform the European political landscape.
H. The upshot is that the politics of the three large continental countries, bureaucraticmomentum and the economics of recovery will all be aligned to give a push towards integration in 2007. That does not mean the momentum will be irresistible or even popular. The British government, for one, will almost certainly not want to go with the flow, beginning yet another chapter in the long history of confrontation between Britain and the rest of Europe. More important, the voters will want a say. They rejected the constitution in 2005. It would be foolish to assume they will accept it after 2007 just as a result of an artful bit of tinkering.
Questions 1-6 Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?
Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
TRUE if the statemenht reflets the claims of the writer
FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is possbile to say what the writer thinks about this
1. After years' introspection and mistrust, continental European governments will resurrect their enthusiasm for more integration in 2007.
2. The European consitution was officially approved in 2005 in spite of the oppositon of French and Dutch voters.
3. The Treaty of Rome , which is considered as the fundamental charter of the European Union, was signed in 1957.
4. It is very unlikely that European countries will sign the declaration at the 50th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome.
5. French government will hold the EU's presidency and lay down the agenda during the first half of .
6. For a long time in hisotry, there has been confrontation between Britain and the rest of European countries.
雅思阅读考试小范围预测
The tuatara-past and future 动物
The meaning of history study 人文社科
Birds intelligence 动物
Food Addictive 工业
Ancient Greek Coins 人文社科 0118 0510
Culture and Communication人文社科
Ocean power 能源 0829A 20091024
Who should look after the child? 人文社科 Paper money 发展史
Hibernation 动物
Human Rights to animal 人文社科
Blind to Change 心理学
Skink in New Zealand 动物
Odd and curious money 人文社科
Living with uncertainty 自然环境
The power of music 艺术
Japan's ancient pottery 历史
Fish communications 动物
Darkside of Technological Boom 科技
Children's adults 文学
Does class size matter?教育
Trade 发展史
The history of Russian Ballet 发展史
Aquaculture in New Zealand 农业
We have star performers 商业管理
The influence of social network to people's loneliness人文社科
Expert in musician 人文社科
Butterfly farms in UK 农业
Consumer advertisement 商业管理 0305 20141002
Children and robot 科技 20160305 20141002
Typography Introduction of Printed books 发展史
Fluoridation in the water 医疗健康
Undergraduate students study dramas 人文社科
Unique golden textile 工业
British Woodlands 自然环境
Coastal sculpture 艺术
Solving an Arctic Mystery 人文社科
When did music begin? 艺术
Tick Tock Body clock 生物
The importance of being playful 人文社科
Entrepreneur training 商业管理
SSDP Project 环保
Newly Hatched birds 动物
Egypt‘s Sunken Treasures 考古
Alcohol fuel in England 能源
New Zealand Home Textile Craft 人文社科
Sweet Trouble–Australia sugarcane industry 农业
The Grimme Fairy Tale人文社科
Gesture 人文社科
Dust and American 环保
Australia Parrots 动物
An ancient city- Titris Hoyuk考古
篇4:雅思阅读8大题型审题难点
雅思阅读8大题型审题难点
了解雅思阅读考试的同学们应该都知道雅思阅读考试有8大备考题型:list of headings, complete the sentences, answer sh?ort questions, picture filling , summary , multiple choices, matching , true or false or not given. 但是,很多考生只知其一不知其二,雅思考试可谓是明枪易躲暗箭难防,这所谓的“暗箭”就是八大题型均包含审题陷阱,也就是说八大题型都需要审题。这无疑对雅思考生又是一个重磅炸弹,在仅有的55分钟的做题时间里,还需要匀出一部分时间进行审题,简直是难上加难,本文就将针对八大题型审题问题进行分析,最终会抛出一秒钟击破雅思阅读八大题型审题瓶颈的方法。
简单来讲,就出题方式,可以将八大题型整合为三大题型分别为:判断题,填空题以及选择题。下面就来分别阐释三种题型。
八大题型中只有一种题可以归类为判断题,如果从字面义上稍微理解一下上文提及的八大题型,就不难发现,只有true or false or not given 一种题型属于判断题。一秒钟击破判断题审题瓶颈,我们在考试中如果遇到了对错无关题,只需要看清题目要求的true or false or not given还是yes or no or not given .80%的题目要求将正确的选项用TRUE 表示,错误选项用FALSE表示。但是也有20%的题目要求相应的用YES/NO来表示正确以及错误选项。如果不能很清楚的看清题目要求,那我们的答案是会按照错误去处理的,所以一定要注意。
针对填空题这种形式的考题,总体来讲有几种,summary, complete the sentences, answer short questions, picture filling这几种。在此,有必要ps小注一下:summary(摘要题)这种题有两种出题形式,手边有剑桥六这本书的同学可以翻到97页这是一种填空式的摘要题,而翻到91页审题会发现同样的summary可是形式确实选择题。本段针对summary的填空题型审题原则进行阐释。填空题我们在审题的过程中肯定会发现大写黑体加粗的几个词NO MORE THAN ? WORDS 翻译过来即:不超过?单词。我们可以用一个数学等式来表示即:小于等于?单词。一般情况下都是小于等于三个单词,而个别情况下我们还会发现小于等于两个单词的情况出现。所以一秒钟的时间只需要看清问号是数字几就可以了。
最后一种就是选择题,这种考题分为: list of headings, matching, summary, multiple choice 这几种题型。首先:list of headings 题请参考剑桥四第96页。切忌:这种题答案唯一性,用过一次即在备选项中排除。再有matching ,summary 这种题请将一秒钟的时间用于寻找题目要求中有无NB两个字母,如果有请记住:有且只有一个选项需用两次。答案不再唯一性。如果没有则答案唯一性。最后 multiple choice 看清题目所配题号则可知道单选或多选。
雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析
How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales
1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is, how ants, bees or any social animal, including humans, behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.
2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome, Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani, a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology, described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance, by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store, forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes, also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.
3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information, and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.
4. Mr Usmani's “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts. And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bought the “right” product—that is, the one everyone else bought. The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world, mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America and Tesco in Britain are interested in his work, and testing will get under way in the spring.
5. Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could, indeed, be boosted in this way. Matthew Salganik of Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14,000 people downloaded previously unknown songs. The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded, they followed the crowd. When the songs were not ordered by rank, but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed, the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.
6. In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies. The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category, and the rankings are updated weekly. Icosystem, a company in Cambridge, Massachusetts, also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales.
7. And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet. Online retailers such as Amazon are adept at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers. Even in the privacy of your home, you can still be part of the swarm.
雅思阅读模拟练习及答案
Patients and doctors alike have long believed in the healing (治疗) power of humor. It is claimed that humor not only affects patients’ moods, but can actually help them recover faster.
Several studies seem to support this. Patients in better spirits are known to have higher immune cell counts. Some have even claimed to have healed themselves of serious illnesses by reading comics and watching comedies.
Despite all this, many researchers are not convinced. They point out the fact that many sufferings have been known to disappear naturally, with or without a daily dose of laughter. They also say that while optimism in general does seem to be related to better health, it is hard to tell which comes first.
Humor in times of stress, however, clearly makes us feel better. On one level, it takes our minds off our troubles and relaxes us. On another, it releases powerful endorphins, a chemical produced by your body that reduces pain.
There are cases where the appreciation of a good joke is indeed directly related to a person’s health. It can show, for example, whether a person has suffered damage to one particular area of the brain: the right frontal lobe (额叶).
Scientists confirmed this by having people read jokes and asking them to choose the funniest endings from a list. Subjects with normal brains usually chose endings that were based on a relatively complex synthesis (综合) of ideas. Subjects with specifically located brain damage, however, responded only to slapstick (闹剧) endings, which did not depend on a particular context. When pressed, the brain-damaged subjects saw the logic in the correct endings. They simply did not find them funny.
Of course, humor is largely an individual matter. Next time your friend does not get one of your jokes, there is no need to accuse him of being a lamebrain. However, you might suggest that he lighten up—for the health of it.
58. We can infer from the passage that ________.
A. all researchers have agreed on the healing power of humor
B. people seldom accuse their friends of not understanding jokes
C. the author holds a positive attitude to the healing power of humor
D. reading comics will surely become a popular way of treating diseases
59. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Many researchers are not convinced of the healing power of humor.
B. Patients in bad moods are known to have higher immune cell counts.
C. Optimism in general does seem to be related to better health.
D. People should try their best to cheer up for their good health.
60. Scientists had some people read jokes and asked them to choose the funniest endings from a list to confirm that ________.
A. the brain-damaged people are different from those with normal brains
B. a person with a normal brain usually responds to slapstick endings
C. a person suffering certain brain damage doesn’t appreciate a good joke
D. humor takes our minds off our troubles by releasing powerful endorphins
61. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Which comes first, humor or health? B. Humor can cure different illnesses
C. People need humor in times of stress D. Humor contributes to good health
CBC D
篇5:雅思阅读8大题型的解题技巧
雅思阅读8大题型的解题技巧
1、判断题
在雅思阅读考试的判断题中,一定要注意要求。比如:TRUR/FALSE/NOT GIVEN或YES /NO/ NOT GIVEN,要按要求写到答题纸上。
小站老师技巧:在做题的时候,现在题目中找到定位词和信号词,一般要注意名词。如果在题目中真的无法找到合适的名词,可以换其他词性(雅思阅读主要考查六种词性,包含名词)。注意:最常暗示答案的几个连词是BUT,HOWEVER,WHILE,AND, ALSO, MOREOVER。
2、归纳题
在雅思阅读的归纳题中,首先要用判断题的方法找到相应的定位词,目前归纳题有两种趋势,一种是题目贯穿在整篇文章,另一种是只隐藏在其中一二个段落。
3、配对题
配对题相对来说比较好做,一般“首尾句原则”就比较适合这种题型。
4、选择题
做雅思阅读选择题的时候,要注意通过提干把关键词和定位词划出来,然后对应所在的锻炼就可以。
5、填空题
在雅思阅读考试中,填空题的做法和归纳题差不多,都是先找定位词找出正确的段落,然后通过“就近原则”填空。
6、简答题
做雅思阅读简答题,首先要看清题目要求“NO MORE THAN -WORDS”,一定要注意题目的字数限制。
7、图表题
在雅思阅读考试中,图表题的形式和要求相对来说比较严格,在实际做题中,首先要注意“序号”原则,其次要注意“形式一致原则”。
8、其它配对题
这类题型的干扰能力较大,“隐蔽性”也较大,考生要特别注意,另外,与HEADING题不同的是它们的答案通常不是在句首或句尾,而是在段落当中的某几句话,应该利用信号词“快速扫描法”进行定位段落,然后进行分析。
基本方法剖析雅思阅读复杂难句
IELTS的阅读部分有大量句型结构复杂、难以理解和把握的复杂句或难句。一般来说,这些句子有以下特点:
一、句子冗长,大多数句子由20个以上单词组成,很多句子超过40个单词
二、结构复杂,频繁使用并列复合句、多重复合句等复杂句式
三、大多是阅读考试的出题点,在阅读试题中常常有所涉及
我们可以从简单句开始分析语法
简单句
对于难度较大的简单句,阅读的基本方法是确定句子的主、谓、宾,找出句子的主干,忽略其他的成分,将长句变成短句,将句型结构复杂的句子变成句型结构简单的句子。
例1:It involves probing for deeply rooted concerns, devising creative solutions, and making trade-offs and compromises where interest are opposed.
分析:句子的主语是it, 谓语是involves,三个动名词短语probing for deeply rooted concerns、devising creative solutions和making trade-offs and compromises作宾语。意思是说:它涉及了探究深层次的关注、想出更有创意的解决方案以及当利益发生冲突的时候,做出交易和妥协。
例2:Automated techniques to measure these characteristics and verify a person's identity infallibly are attracting widespread attention in these days of increased use of credit cards and e-mail.
分析:该句主语是automated techniques, 谓语是attract,宾语是attention, in these days of increased use of credit cards and e-mail在句子里起时间状语的作用。意思是说:在信用卡和电子邮件越来越多地被使用的今天,用来测量这些特性和确认人的身份的自动技术吸引了广泛的关注。
并列句
如果句子包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构,就是并列句。并列句中的分句通常用一个并列连词来连接,最常见的并列连词有and,or 和but。最简单的方法就是将句子从并列连词处断开,将并列句变成两个或若干个相对短的句子,然后再用处理简单句的方法——抓句子主干,来依次处理每个相对短的句子。
例:Government has encouraged waste paper collecton and sorting schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre.
分析:这个复合句可以从and处将句子分成两个相对较短的句子:and前面是一个简单句;and后面的句子有一个由that引导的定语从句,充当new recycling technologies的定语。意思是:政府鼓励了废纸的回收和分类计划,同时造纸工业也通过开发新的回收技术作出了反应,这个回收技术为更大程度地利用已经使用过的纤维铺平了道路。
插入语结构
插入语一般是对句子的某个成分的解释或补充说明,前后有逗号与其他句子成分分开,比较容易识别。处理插入语的基本办法是先略去不读,直接跳过两个逗号之间的内容,使插入语结构前后意思顺畅。
例句1:To casual observers, as well as to influential natural scientists and regional planners, the luxuriant forests of Amazonia seem ageless.
分析:该句中,as well as to influential natural scientists and regional planners充当插入语,阅读句子时,可以先忽略这部分。意思是说:对不经意看到的人和有影响力的自然科学家、区域规划者来说,亚马逊地区的繁茂的森林似乎是永恒的。
例句2:Over 120 years ago, the English botanist J.D. Hooker, writing of Australian edible plants, suggested that many of them were 'eatable but not worth eating'.
分析:此句中,两个逗号之间的内容即writing of Australian edible plants, 充当插入语。意思是说:120多年前,在写到澳大利亚可食用的植物时,英国植物学家J.D.Hooker就指出它们当中有很多可食用的,但却不值得食用。
倒装结构
在英语当中,主语和谓语有两种顺序:一种和汉语一致,即主语在前;另外一种顺序是谓语在主语前面,即倒装。阅读中一般会出现以not only等否定连词和never,seldom rarely, hardly等否定副词引导的倒装句。理解倒装句,就要把它转换成普通语句,把倒装语序还原为自然语序,在自然语序下理解句子。
例句1:In a dispute, not only do the interests of one party not coincide with those of the other party, but they are in conflict.
分析:该句中,not only...but also...引导了倒装句,把其中的句子换成正常语序就是:the interests of one party do not coincide with those of the other party.整句的意思是:在一个争论中,不仅一方的利益和另外一方不一致,而且它们是相互矛盾的。
例句2:Hardly had we arrived in Shanghai when it began to snow.
分析:此句是由hardly...when引导出了倒装,意思是:我们一到上海天就开始下雪。
雅思阅读Ture/False/Not given解题思路解答
阅读热点文章:教育,科技,文化。看一篇文章,先看这片文章有几个题型,还有这篇文章的题目是什么。阅读一篇文章的大致顺序(1)先看题目,看透题目。(2)注意文章中的图形,表格,注释。(3)看文章中的标题(大标题,小标题)。(4)开始阅读文章。
Ture的几种情况:
1、题目为原文的同义转化(同义词替换或者是近义词替换)
2、题目为原文的某一段某部分的归纳或者是稍加推断。
False的几种情况:
1、题目与原文意思相反(not, little,never,seldom,few等否定前缀)
2、题目与原文使用了不同的频率,范围,可能性不一致,比如always变为sometimes/often, all变为many, usually变为sometimes, unlikely 变为impossibly.
3、原文中含有appear,feel,it is predicted,it is anticipated/expected,强调主观臆断或一种理论感觉,而题目中却强调事实prove,fact,reality.
4、原文为多个条件,题目减少条件或无条件。
Not given的几种情况:
1、找不到依据。
2、有个别关键词,但是题目的内容与文章牛马不相及。
3、原文为原级,题目却是比较级。
4、题目对原文添油加醋。
最后是猜题的几种方法:
1,含有only的,百分之九十是false,百分之十是not given。
2,always,must,any,only,regardless,也就是太绝对的不选ture。
3选择not given一般不会超过2个,也就是你做完题发现你选择的NG超过2个,就肯定有一个错了。
雅思快速定位法之段落+词汇
雅思阅读考试中,要求考生的不只是上千上万的词汇量,同时还有速度。如何能够在1个小时内,高效率的完成40个问题,就得需要考生们对问题答案所在位置的快速精准定位。本文中,将以剑桥雅思4中的几篇文章为例,给考生们讲解快速定位法。
段落定位要求考生在拿到一篇文章后,首先要对文章进行略读,读文章标题,每个段落的首尾句,掌握文章的大意,了解每段在讲什么,有助于下一步看问题的时候可以先确定这个问题的段落位置。
词汇定位要求考生在对文章略读后,看问题,并划出定位词。定位词在之前《雅思阅读之定位》一文中已经讨论过,主要是一些名词。结合对每段意思的掌握,确定好问题的段落位置后,再通过划出的问题中的定位词在段落中定位答案的最后位置。
我们以剑桥4 Test1 Passage2进行演练:
1. 略读题目和段落
Title: What do whales feel?
An examination of the functioning of the senses in cetaceans, the group of mammals comprising whales, dolphins and porpoises.
从对标题的阅读中,我们可以了解到这篇文章要讲的是鲸的感官,the senses of whales. 在这里我们可以预测下感官有哪些,同时可以对下面文章的内容进行预测。
Paragraph1:
Some of the senses that we and other terrestrial mammals take for granted are either reduced or absent in cetaceans for fail to function well in water. For example, it appears from their brain structure that toothed species are unable to smell. Baleen species, on the other hand, appear to have some related brain structures but it is not known whether these are functional. It has been speculated that, as the blowholes evolved and migrated to the top of the head, the neural pathways serving sense of smell may have been nearly all sacrificed. Similarly, although at least some cetaceans have taste buds, the nerves serving these have degenerated or are rudimentary.
从首句的主干中得出一些感官在退化,消失或者在水中已失去了功用。紧跟在这句话后面的是个for example, 说明后面再举些这类型的感官。最后一句以similarly开头,说明即使最后一句也是一个例子,然后是个名词taste buds, 说到了味觉,用了degenerated, rudimentary描述这个味觉,rudimentary大多数考生不认识,但degenerated可以根据构词法推出是退化。
Paragraph2:
The sense of touch has sometimes been described as weak too, but this view is probably mistaken. Trainers of captive dolphins and small whales often remark on their animals’ responsiveness to being touched or rubbed, and both captive and free-ranging cetacean individuals of all species (particularly adults and calves, or members of the same subgroup) appear to make frequent contact. This contact may help to maintain order within a group, and stroking or touching are part of the courtship ritual in most species. The area around the blowhole is also particularly sensitive and captive animals often object strongly to being touched there.
首句一看就知道这段是讲触觉,touch, 并且发现有个but转折,在转折前说触觉有时被描述为很弱的,转折后说这是错误的,表明这段后面要具体证明这一观点。最后一句也是在具体讲解触觉这个感官。
Paragraph3:
The sense of vision is developed to different degrees in different species. Baleen species studied at close quarters underwater-specifically a grey whale calf in captivity for a year, and free-ranging right whales and humpback whales studied and filmed off Argentina and Hawaii-have obviously tracked objects with vision underwater, and they can apparently see moderately well both in water and in air. However, the position of the eyes so restricts and field of vision in baleen whales that they probably do not have stereoscopic vision.
读首句就可看出这段讲的是视觉。最后一句提到了baleen whales的眼睛位置限制了它们的视觉域,they probably do not have stereoscopic vision.
Paragraph4:
On the other hand, the position of the eyes in most dolphins and porpoises suggests that they have stereoscopic vision forward and downward. Eye position in freshwater dolphins, which often swim on their side or upside down while feeding, suggests that what vision they have is stereoscopic forward and upward. By comparison, the bottlenose dolphin has extremely keen vision in water. Judging from the way it watches and tracks airborne flying fish, it can apparently see fairly well through the air-water interface as well. And although preliminary experimental evidence suggests that their in-air vision is poor, the accuracy with which dolphins leap high to take small fish out of a trainer’s hand provides anecdotal evidence to the contrary.
首句有on the other hand表转折,说明要和上段有联系,接着往后看又说到了眼睛的位置,这次说的是most dolphins and porpoises, they are not like the baleen whales, they have stereoscopic vision forward and downward.
Paragraph5:
Such variation can no doubt be explained with reference to the habitats in which individual species have developed. For example, vision is obviously more useful to species inhabiting clear open waters than to those living in turbid rivers and flooded plains. The South American boutu and Chinese beiji, for instance, appear to have very limited vision, and the Indian susus are blind, their eyes reduced to slits that probably allow them to sense only the direction and intensity of light.
首句一读的话会发现一个重要的词汇habitats. 在这句之后又有了for example, 同时看到了vision, 说明这段讲vision和habitats的关系。
篇6:雅思阅读考试有哪些题材
雅思阅读考试有哪些题材
雅思阅读题材内容十分丰富,社会历史类题材占据比例很大,达到了25%,内容包含有电报的发展史,澳大利亚初期殖民地与早期城市建设等。
另外的雅思阅读题材包含是科学技术类,考察的内容主要是氟化物,植物净水,谷物合成塑料,太空图像以及语音的应用等,关于此类题材有许多的专业术语,有一定背景知识还可以帮助对于文章的整体把握。把这两大类题材除外,动植物与商业管理类题材会紧随其后,占据的比较都是13%。动物类出现的内容一般是动物习性及行为研究,例如澳洲野狗,水獭 (Otters), 塔斯马尼亚虎(Tasmanian Tiger),生物的模仿行为(Copy your neighbor)等。
商业管理类牵涉有广告营销,贸易,员工管理以及多任务处理管理等内容。
除此之外,文化艺术类,人类研究类,教育心理类以及医疗健康类出现频次相对会更加的小,占据的比较都不会超过10%。
其实这样大家能看出雅思阅读从文章题材上,题材涵盖面十分的广泛,社会历史类,科学类,动植物类以及商业管理类占据比较大。建议考生们多注意相关话题词汇的积累,把以前的机经除外,能够通过多看纪录片,社科文章等增加一些阅读量和背景知识,全面提高英语综合水平。
雅思阅读材料:为什么丑男热衷追美女?
Men hit on hotties despite their own unattractiveness, study confirms.
的一项研究证实了人们的一个常识:不管多么差劲的男人都会自认为自己能赢得美女的芳心。
“You're prettier than I am,” Seth Rogen's character drunkenly slurs to Katherine Heigl at one point in the movie “Knocked Up.” Now a new study confirms what most of us have known all along: Men, no matter how unattractive, think they’ve got a chance with beautiful women。
在《Knocked Up》的一幕场景中,Seth Rogen扮演的角色醉醺醺的对Katherine Heigl嘟哝:“你比我漂亮!”的一项研究证实了人们的一个常识:不管多么差劲的男人都会自认为自己能赢得美女的芳心。
Researchers studied ratings and dating information from 16,550 members during a 10-day period in . All members studied were heterosexual, with 75 percent males and 25 percent female。
研究者研究了10天内16550个会员的得分和约会情况。所有被试的性取向均为正常,其中75%为男性,25%为女性。
Using this data, they determined that the physical attractiveness of a potential mate was more important to men than women. And men were less likely than women to think that their own lack of attractiveness — based both on a self assessment and the ratings of others — should stand in the way of a date with someone “hot。”
通过这些数据,研究者认为,男性比女性更看重未来伴侣的外表。比起女性来,男性较少考虑这个问题:自身缺乏吸引力——不管是自认为的还是在别人看来——会阻碍自己与有“魅力”的人进行约会。
Maybe men think women have all read “The Frog Prince” and taken it to heart, allowing us to look past an ugly exterior in the search for inner beauty. Or perhaps it’s that men have internalized the messages in the popular media: movies like “Knocked Up,” where the slacker hero lands a beautiful babe, or TV shows like “According to Jim,” in which a difficult, slobby guy is coupled with a gorgeous wife。
也许男人以为女人都看过《青蛙王子》的故事并铭记在心,于是我们女人可以追寻男人的内在美而忽略男人的丑陋外表。或者,男人内化了大众传媒传递的信息:比如《Knocked Up》这样的电影,一个懒鬼赢得了美女的芳心;比如《According to Jim》这样的电视剧,一个麻烦、糟糕的男人娶到了漂亮的老婆。
The lead author of the study, Leonard Lee, an assistant professor at Columbia’s Graduate School of Business, thinks these far-fetched movie and TV couples might explain why unfortunate-looking men tend to hold out such high hopes. But he wonders whether the unattractive guys eventually learn that their chances are slim regardless of what they see on screen. There’s another important finding in the study, he says: The 10s among us, both male and female, want only to date other 10s。
该研究的主要作者,哥伦比亚大学商学院[微博]副教授 Leonard Lee认为,电影、电视剧中那些不般配的夫妻也许能够解释为什么那些貌似倒霉的男人会抱有如此高的期望。但他不知道那些缺乏魅力的男人最终是否会明白,在现实中,他们的机会渺茫。该研究还有一个重要的发现:世纪初出生的人也只想跟世纪初出生的人约会。
There are hints in the HOTorNOT.com data that suggest men do learn to accept their limitations: They apparently hedge their bets by asking for more dates. In fact, the men in the study requested a full 240 percent more dates than the women. Researchers didn't look at how many of these online come-ons were successful, but the number of dates most men asked for might be a sign that the less attractive among us — even the men — recognize that they may have to settle for dating someone who is closer to them on the “hotness” scale。
来自HOTorNOT.com的数据提示,男人须要学会接受自己的局限:他们显然应该邀请更多的约会,以增加成功的几率。事实上,研究中的男性提请约会的次数整整是女性的2.4倍。研究者并不关注这类在线的“勾引”有多少会成功,而是关注大多数男性发起的约会数量,这也许是个信号:缺乏吸引力的女性——甚至包括男性——满足于与自己“魅力”指数近似的异性约会。
“Good looking people are always looking for other good looking people,” says Helen Fisher, a professor at Rutgers University who studies mating behavior and romantic love。
“漂亮的人总是追求漂亮的人”,该研究外的另一位学者、专门研究交配行为和浪漫爱情的罗格斯大学教授Helen Fisher说。
“And ultimately, men figure their own good looks are not as important as a woman’s,” says Fisher, who wasn't involved with the study. “They figure they’re selling a whole lot of things that women want that aren’t associated with being attractive.”
“最终,男性发现他们自己的美貌并不像女性的美貌那样重要。他们发现,虽然他们兜售了一大堆女性希望的东西,但这不会使他们变得富有吸引力。”
Besides, from an evolutionary perspective, men are simply looking for the woman most likely to produce a strong healthy baby — so that means they’re often focused on physical attractiveness。
此外,从进化的角度来看,男人追求女人多半只是为了繁衍强壮、健康的后代——因此他们常常只关心女人的外表。
“Men might as well reach for the stars,” says William Pollack, a Harvard University psychologistand the director of the Center for Men and Young Men at McLean Hospital. “Women are the ones who are going to have the baby. They need to be a little more picky.”
“男人也可以伸手去摘星追梦,”哈佛大学心理学家、McLean 医院男性及青年男性中心主任William Pollack 说,“但只有女人能怀孕,所以她们需要多一些挑剔。
In the end, there might be some signs that boorish boys know they’re overreaching — and that may be expressed in the level of their braggadocio。
,也许有一些粗俗的男人发现自己过了头的迹象——这表现在他们吹牛的程度中。
When a really attractive man is interested in a date, Brody says, he’s quieter and more cautious. “He’ll come back a bunch of times and try to get to know me before asking,” she adds。
当一个真正有吸引力的男人想要约会时,”Brody说,“他会更加平静、小心。”“他会仔细思考,并且在约我之前试着了解我。”她补充道。
雅思阅读材料:做个精明的“海淘族”
Everyone who knows Olivia Griffiths is impressed by her unique sense of style. Whenever she walks into a room, heads turn. Her friends wonder where she buys her scarves made from the finest Chinese silk. Or how she managed to snag the new Mulberry satchel that no one had thought was available in Australia yet.
每一个认识奥利维亚?格里菲思的人都会对她独特的穿衣品味印象深刻。每次她走进房间总是能引起别人的关注。朋友们都想知道:她是在哪里买到上等的丝绸围巾?又是如何抢到在澳洲还没有发售的Mulberry新款皮包的?
The truth is that Olivia has never left Australia. But with a few clicks of her computer mouse, she can travel to shopping destinations around the world.
事实上,奥利维亚从没离开过澳洲,但她只需轻击几下电脑鼠标,便能前往世界各地的购物天堂。
Online shopping has revolutionized the consumer experience. With the help of an increasing number of online shops overseas, shoppers can now pick up interesting goods made in exotic locations all over the world.
网购已经使消费者的购物体验发生了革命性的变化。随着国外网店数量的增多,如今购物者可以搜遍全球,挑选自己喜欢的异国商品。
The biggest advantage of shopping on foreign websites is the wide range of choices available. For example, Chinese shoppers are often frustrated when Gap products are not available locally. But now it’s possible to order these products straight from the US with a credit card and a small delivery fee.
在国外网站购物的优势便是选择范围很广。例如,国内消费者常常因为买不到一些还未在大陆发售的GAP款式而失望。而如今,只需要一张信用卡再加上一小笔运费,你便可以直接从美国订购这些商品了。
Other benefits of online shopping include competitive prices. When items are bought online from other countries, they’re often tax-free.
网购的一大好处便是价格合理。当你海淘时,这些商品通常都是免税的。
However, when you buy things from a foreign website, things can get tricky too. So make sure you pay extra attention to protecting your rights.
然而,海淘也可能会出现一些棘手的麻烦。所以你要特别注意维权。
Sometimes it can be difficult to navigate foreign websites because of the unfamiliar language. For example, the term “shipped in 1-5 working days” can be confusing for Chinese shoppers, as it doesn’t clarify whether this is the time in which the product will arrive or the time it takes for it to be processed.
由于语言不通,浏览国外网站有时很困难。例如,“1到5个工作日发货”这一条款令中国消费者十分费解,因为分不清这是指商品送达的时间还是指订单处理的时间。
The method of shipping can also determine whether you get your product at all. Unless you choose expedited or priority shipping, which only takes a few days to deliver but is more expensive, most standard international shipping doesn’t offer a tracking option ― which means once your products are shipped outside of the country there’s no way of finding out where they are.
送货方式也是让商品成功送达的关键。除非你选择加急送货或优先送达,这样商品只需数日便能送达,当然费用也更高。常见的国际航运商大都不会提供包裹跟踪服务——这就意味着你购买的商品一旦运送出境,根本无法掌握它的踪迹。
Since not every overseas online retailer chooses major delivery companies like DHL or FedEx, it’s even possible for your package to get lost.
并非所有的国外网络零售商都会选择像DHL或FedEx这类的大型快递公司,你的包裹甚至有可能会寄丢。
So pay attention to the expected delivery date and keep in touch with the company’s customer service. If your products don’t arrive by the delivery date the company promised, you can request a reshipment or refund.
所以,留心商品预计送达的日期并与商家的客服保持联系。如果你的商品在商家承诺的日期内没有送达,你可以要求重新发货或是退款。
The best consumers are the most savvy ones. If you’re interested in expanding your shopping territory to foreign websites, make sure you do your research beforehand to avoid your money and products being lost on the way.
最用心的消费者才最精明。如果你有意进军海淘,那么事先做些研究,免得财物两空。
篇7:雅思阅读8大题型审题难点解决办法
雅思阅读8大题型审题难点解决办法
简单来讲,就出题方式,可以将八大题型整合为三大题型分别为:判断题,填空题以及选择题。下面就来分别阐释三种题型。
八大题型中只有一种题可以归类为判断题,如果从字面义上稍微理解一下上文提及的八大题型,就不难发现,只有true or false or not given 一种题型属于判断题。一秒钟击破判断题审题瓶颈,我们在考试中如果遇到了对错无关题,只需要看清题目要求的true or false or not given还是yes or no or not given .80%的题目要求将正确的选项用TRUE 表示,错误选项用FALSE表示。但是也有20%的题目要求相应的用YES/NO来表示正确以及错误选项。如果不能很清楚的看清题目要求,那我们的答案是会按照错误去处理的,所以一定要注意。
针对填空题这种形式的考题,总体来讲有几种,summary, complete the sentences, answer short questions, picture filling这几种。在此,有必要ps小注一下:summary(摘要题)这种题有两种出题形式,手边有剑桥六这本书的同学可以翻到97页这是一种填空式的摘要题,而翻到91页审题会发现同样的summary可是形式确实选择题。本段针对summary的填空题型审题原则进行阐释。填空题我们在审题的过程中肯定会发现大写黑体加粗的几个词NO MORE THAN ? WORDS 翻译过来即:不超过?单词。我们可以用一个数学等式来表示即:小于等于?单词。一般情况下都是小于等于三个单词,而个别情况下我们还会发现小于等于两个单词的情况出现。所以一秒钟的时间只需要看清问号是数字几就可以了。
一种就是选择题,这种考题分为: list of headings, matching, summary, multiple choice 这几种题型。首先:list of headings 题请参考剑桥四第96页。切忌:这种题答案性,用过一次即在备选项中排除。再有matching ,summary 这种题请将一秒钟的时间用于寻找题目要求中有无NB两个字母,如果有请记住:有且只有一个选项需用两次。答案不再性。如果没有则答案性。 multiple choice 看清题目所配题号则可知道单选或多选。
备考雅思阅读的36个锦囊
1 烤鸭们在备考雅思阅读步不要疯狂做剑桥真题,资源是有限的,你应该先夯实高频词汇和必备的语法内容。
2 的雅思阅读备考材料,除了剑桥真题还是剑桥真题。
3 雅思阅读高频单词你可以从练习中归纳,但对于时间很紧的同学使用一本好的单词书也不失为好的选择。
4 时间是我们的敌人,大家千万别养成拖沓的习惯,规定时间完成规定练习时必须的。
5 如果不能20分钟完成一篇阅读文章,你可以试着用渐进法练习,先以25分钟练习,慢慢缩减到23分钟,最终达到考试要求。
6 阅读单项很在意正确率和时间两个环节,而这两个环节很难同时提高,烤鸭们首先应该提高的是正确率,在正确率稳定的前提下,训练速度。
7 对于阅读中的判断题你一定要看清要求到底是填TRUE还是YES,虽然有时候不扣分,但是我们不要在考试体验冒险的感觉。
8 判断题最难区别的是错和未提到(False和Not Given),但是最难判断的是对(True),因为原文和题目之间经过了复杂的统一转换和句型变化。
9 小标题不要只是寻找每一段的句和一句,数据显示这样做只有三分之一的正确率,想要更多分数,你还要关注文中转折词出现的地方。
10 小标题题型中的NB是不需要阅读的,要么是废话,要么是谎话。
11 段落中问句的后面和举例子的前面也许会出现主题句。
12 两个选项雌雄难辨,优先选择后一个选项。
13 Matching是一种没有顺序原则的题型,大家一定对此多练习,能记住题目中的关键词,Catch as catch can能拿多少算多少。
14 简答题和图表题非常简单,前者注意对应所给的特殊疑问词,后者注意利用表格已经给出信息寻找未知的信息。
15 阅读考试Summary题型对烤鸭们的语法是有要求的,把高中语法的从句以及动词时态整理下,在这个题型中将会有意外的惊喜。
16 带着问题阅读所给文章,在开始阅读所给文章前,应首先弄清下列问题再带着这些问题有的放矢地去读那些与答题有关的部分,有些部分则完全不看,这样就可以节省出更多时间,达到事半功倍的效果。
17 数字是个好东西,在文章中,数字是极容易找到的,如果在问句中出现数字时,可优先将数字作为标示牌在文章中找出答案的位置。需注意有时问句中的数字在文章中可能会用文字形式表达。
18 学会长句短读的能力:即指将一个长句子(有时不止一个句子,还包括从句)读成一个相对短的句子,以对长句子内容作一总结式归纳,找出其所陈述的要点。这种能力的培养对IELTS阅读测试帮助极大,考生应在平时勤加练习。
19 IELTS测试的金玉良言就是:“所问所答”。大家要完全了解问题的类型,及根据所提供的信息,再去回答问题。有的学生在参加完IELTS测试后总感觉所得分数与估算分数相差甚远,原因无它,就在于对问题理解不够彻底,也就无法对所提问题做到精确回答
20 选项中有两个完全相反意思的选项,多数情况下有一个是正确答案。
21 我们不拿常识去判断题目,多数情况下我们也不选违反常识的选项。
22 一定要审题,一定要细心,弄清楚是填答案还是填字母选项,不按照题目要求答题丢分是很可惜的。
23 三篇文章中选择你的,最感兴趣的先做,记住一定要让自己在高兴的氛围中完成雅思的考试。
24 考试永远遵循先易后难原则,让自己越做越爽,你的舞台,自己主宰。
25 阅读考试过程中学会做完一篇文章就转移到答题卡上,避免没有时间填卡。
26 很多时候定位词是在一行的末尾和下一行的前部出现的。
27 特别简单的题直接选出,不要再看其它选项,做题的时候偶尔的风风火火可以为难题争取更多的时间。
28 只要你能在考试中找到信息,借助技巧多半是可以得分的。
29平时阅读练习的时候,可以低音量放些英文歌曲,培养自己在有干扰环境下做题的能力。
30 介于阅读考试夹杂在听力和写作之间,特别建议烤鸭们平时模拟训练的时间,可以将此三部分整合练习,培养默契度。
31 对于剑桥系列所收录的G类阅读,A类考生也可以完成,特别是G类的Section three,和A类难度非常接近,甚至高于A类阅读题目。
32 雅思考试考的是语言,区别于四六级考试和国内的硕士研究生(论坛) 招生考试,题目的答案直接从文章的表象中找就可以,不用特深入地思考,如果定位之后,思维要经过山路十八弯,那大多时候就误入歧途了。
33 考官叫停笔就不要再和考题缠绵,缠绵的代价将是阅读0分。
34 考完阅读部分,急速整理状态迎战写作环节,很多时候阅读考完都会觉得脑袋很空,对于结果难把握,及时调整状态才能保证整场考试的成功。
35 雅思阅读近期仍将延续新题加旧题的模式,大家可以重点关注考前一年的高频机经,了解文章背景,题型设置。
36 答案一定填在“答案纸”上,在IELTS测试时,所有答案务必要填在所给的“ANSWER SHEET”纸上。
篇8:新手必看之详细介绍雅思听力考试题型
【新手必看】详细介绍雅思听力考试题型
一、雅思听力部分的考试形式
雅思考试的听力分为四个部分,每个部分有10道题目。问题的排列顺序和答案在听力材料中出现的顺序保持一致。在播放听力材料过程中,考生会获得阅读问题、写下答案以及检查答案的时间。考生应在播放听力材料的时候把答案写在问卷中。在听力材料播放完毕后考生有10分钟的时间把答案转抄到答卷上。四个部分的概述如下:
1.话题范围:社会生活
材料内容:双向交流的谈话
主要的考察重点:听力理解和记录特定的事实性信息
题目数量:10
2.话题范围:社会生活
材料内容:具有交流目的的独白(如介绍一个公众活动)
主要的考察重点听力理解和记录特定的事实性信息
题目数量:10
3.话题范围:教育和培训
材料内容:2-4人在学术环境下的讨论(如辅导或讨论会)
主要的考察重点:听力理解涉及语义猜测的对话。听力理解特定的信息、态度和发言者的看法。
题目数量:10
4.话题范围:教育和培训
材料内容:在学术环境下的独白(如授课)
主要的考察重点:听力理解学术论证。听力理解特定的信息、态度和发言者的看法。
题目数量:10
前两段听力材料涉及社会生活范畴的话题。第一段材料以两人间的对话形式出现,如关于旅行安排的对话。第二段材料为一个人的独白,如介绍博物馆开放时间的录音。
后两段听力材料与教育或培训环境下的话题更为贴近。第三段材料是不超过4个人之间的对话,比如老师和学生关于作业的讨论。第四段材料为一个人的独白,如关于一般性学术话题的讲课内容。
二、雅思听力题型分类
1、填空题。
其中又可以进一步划分为单句填空题、总结填空题和提纲式填空题。这样一些填空题题干有长有短,难度上也有一定的差别,但是总的来说它们本质上都是在进行填空,因此一些基本的步骤方法在它们之间都是可以通用的。考生在练习的时候可以将这几个题型分别练习,然后再结合在一起考虑。
对于填空题通用的思路有:
(1)扫描题干划核心词;
(2)根据空格前后和句子的整体意思预测空格里所填成分的词性和大致内容;
(3)把握基本的句型结构。
填空题是雅思听力中非常重要的一种题型,考生应该对其充分地重视,把练习材料中各个填空题总结到一起,多加练习。
2、简答题。
顾名思义,这类题型就是用简短的答案来回答问题。这类题型读题时应该抓住疑问词,明确题目所问的方向,常见的疑问代副词有what why who where when how。同时还应该关注问题中的其他核心词。在检查的时候要注意避免答非所问的错误。
对于简答题通用的思路有:
在听题之前,考生应该仔细阅读题目,弄清题目的意思。听完之后要注意检查自己的答案是否清楚明白,同时猜测所有没有听到的答案,不要留空。
3、填表格题。
这种题型在雅思听力考试中出现得非常多,基本的解题思路主要有以下几点:
(1)扫描表格的横纵轴,把握表格的整体内容;
(2)根据表格中已给的信息对要填的内容进行预测;
(3)注意拼读规律的运用和题目的特殊要求;
(4)检查的时候要注意答案的格式。
另外在表格题中可能出现乱序的问题,这时考生要注意抓住横纵轴的交叉来解题。
4、选择题。
选择题是考生最为熟悉的一种英语听力考试的题型,但是在雅思听力中的选择题有区别于传统听力考试的一些特征。雅思听力的选择题更加注重细节的考察,在section 3 和section 4部分听力所涉及的场景内容更加专业,考生可能并不熟悉。这种题型由于在以往的考试中比较常见,考生会比较容易上手,但是因为其本身的难度考生又往往容易在这种题型上丢分。对于选择题考生要多加练习,切不可大意。
5、地图题、图画题、图例题。
这三种题型题干中都包含了的图画,与传统听力考试有着非常大的区别,刚开始练习也是很让人头疼的。包含图画的题考生首先要把图画的意思看懂,不管它是一个地图还是普通图画,亦或是某种机械构造图。
6、搭配题。
这种题型分为题干和选项两部分,要求考生根据录音内容所表示的逻辑关系将两部分进行搭配。
对每一种题型都熟练掌握之后,考生一定要进行套题训练。许多考生平时练习时题目做得很好,但是一上考场整个考试节奏就乱了,套题训练可以帮助考生克服这个问题。雅思听力正式听音的时间有半个小时左右,要想半个小时都全心全意投入在英语听力之中,没有平时的强化训练是很难做到的。同时读题时间如何安排,题目的取舍等问题,都需要考生在平时的套题练习中自己摸索,找到最适合自己的方法。
雅思听力重点题目预测:Section Four
Section4 预测重点 (10篇)
S4: 欧洲南部法国Trurim古堡每个部分的情况
s4: 美洲土著建筑的讲座
S4:室内垂直农业生产历史和利弊 vertical farmland
S4:可可粉应用的历史cocoa
S4:trade pump,农业灌溉的脚踏水泵
S4:茶树油的历史和制作 Tea tree oil(Melaleuca Alternifolia)
S4:介绍一位建筑大师 A student is introducing an architect
S4:关于医院问卷调查的总结
S4:澳洲当代艺术及其艺术家和艺术品 contemporary aboriginal designs
S4:亚历山大图书馆 Introduction to Alexandria Library
雅思听力大范围预测:Section One
Section 1
场景:澳洲旅游 A woman consults visiting somewhere of holiday
题型:10笔记
参考答案:
1-4) information filling
1. surname: Thore (有可能是Thorn)
2. length: 5 days
3. station near: Gold (en) coast
4. accommodation: apartment (first there is apartment, then motel)
5-7) choose a correct letter A, B or C
5. the near view photo taken of the:
A. Kangaroo B. Crocodile C. Koala
6. where does the boy like to go in amusement park:
A. water park B. dream park
7. The room is near: shopping center
8-10) multiple choice
facilities needed:
8. playroom
9. laundry
10. cleaning aid kit
场景:holiday inquiry 旅行咨询酒店
题型:10笔记
参考答案:
1-10) completions: one word only
1. Address No. 14, Ocean Drive
Hotel room with
- good view and 2. there is a balcony for each room
3. gym facilities for adults only
4. room price: $ 155
5. exercise path nearby
6. ferry goes to the islands
7. alarm for fire
8. dinner dish must have: meat, benefit included the price for Delux room.
9. free unlimited usage for internet
contact ways:
10. telephone: work number 52431
场景: 打电话要求家庭打扫服务 house cleaning service
题型:10笔记
参考答案:
1-4) completion
example: name Barbara hill
location: 1. southeast London
postcode: SW105O
room type: Two 2. double room
the other room was used as a (an) 3. office
downstairs: kitchen, conservatory, and 4. lounge
5-7) multiple choices
5. which of these extra services does the agent agree to do
A. change the bed linen
B. do some gardening work
C. clean the window glass.
6. what does the customer want to clean every three months?
A. curtains B. carpets C. mats (家里有baby会经常弄脏)
7. what does the customer want to be done with the clothe?
A. washes and ironed them
B. ironed them
C. cleaned and ironed them
8-10) completion
for clients information
address: 8. Amyes Street
clean service date available: Thursday (not first day) Monday is not available
The longest working booking of: 3 hours / each time
场景:妇女买冰箱
题型:10笔记
参考答案:
1-5) matching
A. Freezer X.X.X Supreme
B. Cool maker
C. Both Freezer X.X.X Supreme and Cool maker
1. the fridge is made is USA – B
2. repair in various locations – C
3. the fridge only have silver colour – A
4. used the mental easy to clean (glass + metal) – B
5.Freeze shelf is under the body – A
6-10) completion
6. name: Mrs.: Beecroft
7. deliver fees : $ 10
8. the payment method: the woman choose cash
9. there is No elevator in the building
10. total price: $ 922
场景:航空公司工作求职场景,女的给男的介绍空乘工作
题型:10笔记
参考答案:
1. name: Sara Meehan (念到double ‘e’)
2. department: recruitment department
3. there are occasional mid-night flights
4. requirements for skills: English and math
5. 29 October
6. vision
7. helping customers
8. preparing food refreshment
9. cultural awareness
10. 男的café工作的经验 now training of 6 months(女的说以前的时候是 3 months)
场景:业余戏剧协会,是个男的打电话去咨询某amateur drama society,女的接电话
题型:10笔记
参考答案:
1. rehearsal (排练) address: the club house
2.女的说他们在招募 no experience required, but especially want actors and malesinger 然后女的问有没有车
3. really need someone who can drive (协会需要人开车运东西)
4. meeting open 6-8 pm, every Tuesday (男的有说 I have private lesson tutoring on Thursday; 男的反复确认不是Thursday,干扰)
5. close time: August (问什么时候回休息放假不排练)
6. membership includes a dinner every year (录音说annual dinner, 替换)
7. member fee: 40 pounds and 60 pounds, unemployment and retired: 25 pounds
8. 小孩的年纪max limit: age of 16 and under
9. 常有的剧目 (莎士比亚的Shakespeare)people involved are mainly modern play
10. Christmas charity 表演—money raised from this will go to children’s hospital.
场景:英国女人新西兰租房子
题型:10笔记
参考答案:
1. cell phone number: 021 3972256
2. rent for average house room $ 550
3. 房子有书架: has a new shelf
4. parking on the street
5. opposite to the playground for children
6. good, no stairs (only one floor)
7. good for: a view of lake or the mountain
8. for children: a good school
rent fee includes: electricity
9. 费用 any extra, any major damage
10. 费用 should pay any necessary cleaning
场景:销售大会会议安排地点
题型:10笔记
参考答案:
1. lecture subject: email marketing / lecture room number: 304 (交替出题)
2. there provides: iced coffee before discussion; after meeting and sandwich
3. project after discussion at another department
4. arrange car to station at 2.00
场景:滑冰会员咨询 (in order to consult some information about the registration of skiing for her son and nephew, mum made a call to the skiing center)
题型:10笔记
参考答案:
1-5) completions
1. the exact address: next to a garage
2. park car in the West Park, as the north is only for staff.
3. The closing Time for the center is till midnight in December
4. Hotel provides special drink, including hot chocolate
5. there is a variety of food for children, and then Mum asked whether there ispizza available.
6-10) table fillings
to ask a variety of curriculum arrangements an notes.
场景:hotels enquiry:一个人打电话咨询去某地旅游,三家酒店的咨询。
题型:10笔记
雅思听力大范围预测:Section Two
Section 2
场景:职业规划
题型:单选+填空+匹配
参考答案:
11-12) Multiple Choice
11. People go to X.X to:
A. get transport to the location
B. book a place
C. ask for price
12. Who will present today’s event?
A. a famous people/career adviser
B. a media professional
C. a lecturer
13-17) Table Completion
13. a TV producer
14. another guy will be giving a speech, his is doing music videos
15. activity during that time: film
16. camera man
17. DJ
18-20) Matching
C. make good contacts
E. travel to other places
F. learn techniques
场景:图书馆扩建
题型:单选+匹配
参考答案:
11-15) Multiple Choice
11. Why X.X.X didn’t attend today?
A. She’s not very well
B. David is the manage director now
C. 暂缺
12. Disadvantage of new library?
A. expensive ticket
B. lack of publicity
C. inconvenient time
13. What did the man said about theft at library?
A. building facility was destroyed
B. a large number of items were stolen
C. theft already had preparation and plans
14. Why they want to expand the library?
A. it has no renovation since it was founded
B. it needs to double the number of computers
C. need to increase number of visiting people
15. The investment of library will be deployed to?
A. extra staff recruit
B. computer
C. lighting
场景:商场促销广告
题型:填空
参考答案:
11-20) Completion
11. There are 90 shops including two department stores in this shopping centre.
12. There are over 800 covered car parking positions.
13. There are information available for public transport.
14. It also has service of finding lost children.
f joining in the shipping centre, kids can have
19. Their own wallet
20. a discount card on birthday
场景:大堡礁旅游
题型:单选+多选+匹配
参考答案:
11-14) Multiple Choice
11. Green island is special for its
A. water (the water is clean)
B. fish
C. plant
12. Who built/founded this park?
暂缺
13-14. In what condition tourists can have a good view in the sea?
A. no wind
B. no rain for a week
15-20) Matching
A. visitor can do all the time
B. visitor can do something
C. visitor cannot do at anytime
15. beach activities-B
16. climb mountain-B
17. private boat-A
18. feed the fish-B
19. touch the fish-C
20. take photos-A
场景:纳税咨询
题型:填空
参考答案:
11. You need to prove enough evidence to certificate your income, otherwise it will cost a lot.
12. Evidence includes: invoice and bank statements.
13. Tax will start to count from April to March next year.
14. Penalty up to 3000 pounds.
15. Also need to know the previous employers who can offer a statement of X.X.
16. If you own a new car, new tax rate will be calculated.
17. It is easier to make a calculation at one time.
18. Do not occupy storage space.
19. The government will assume you make a mistake.
20. Download the form from Tax Office website.
场景:惊悚片剧本介绍
题型:单选+填空+匹配
参考答案:
11-15) Multiple Choice
11. Drama writer is also
A. leading actor
B. director
C. producer
12. Story happened in
A. garden
B. room
C. underground passage
13. Reason for not leaving island is
A. money is stolen
B. boat were destroyed
C. people were killed
14. What should be done at midnight?
A. lawyer would make an announcement
B. guests would appear
C. money will be given out
15. What happened in the story?
A. 暂缺
B. 暂缺
C. people were killed
16-18) Matching
A. heroine
B. hero
C. lawyer
D. maid servant
E. mid-aged woman
16. don’t know what will happen-A
17. another frightened-E
18. who can predict future-D
19-20) Completion
19. Time to be on 7.30 pm.
20. Played in Town Hall instead of X.X as usual.
场景:旅游的展览
题型:单选+匹配
参考答案:
11-16) Multiple Choice
11. The audience of Manwell Lo (event manager) is mainly
A. staff (the yellow T-shirt)
B. public
C. journalist (the press)
12. When was the travel show first held?
A. 1884
B. 1928
C. 1949
13. How many attendants expected to be this year?
A. 12,000
B. 15,000
C. 17,000
14. What exhibition will be held?
A. cookery
B. music
C. photograph
15. What does Tom talk about?
A. the Nile river
B. the Sahara desert
C. the Andes mountain
16. The winner of competition could be provided with
A. free ticket to art festival
B. shopping voucher
C. free ticket to a park
篇9:雅思听力考试特点详细介绍
雅思听力考试是雅思考试的重要组成部分,也是雅思考试中的难点,在雅思听力的备考中要多听录音动作练习,另外在考前考生一定要了解清楚雅思听力的考试流程和特点,这样在备考中就会更有针对性,下面由出国雅思频道为您提供雅思听力考试特点介绍,供您参阅,欢迎您访问出国浏览更多资讯。
首先,雅思听力考试特点就是雅思听力的录音材料只播放一遍
考试时考生必须一边阅读考试说明文字和问题,一边聆听录音材料,一边记下重要字句,一边写出答案。这对于没有接触过这种听力考试形式,又没有做过大量针对性很强的练习的考生来讲,要想获得理想的成绩简直是Mission Impossible III.
其次,雅思听力考试特点就是专设10分钟的填写答案时间就是对别的考试的一个重大的转变。
以往考试的听力部分都是边听边填答案,听完之后听力部分的答题纸就要交上去,没有重新思考和检查的余地,是对是错就只能“听天由命”,考生本人已“无力回天”。而雅思听力的10分钟填答案时间简直是“天外飞仙”,对很多刚才听的时候没有时间写下完整答案的考生是“天助我也”。
再者,雅思听力考试特点就是雅思听力与别的英语考试的题型不大一样。
在雅思考试的听力部分中,选择题只占一定的比重,而使用文字回答的题目相当多,如问答题,填空题,表格题等。这一点对于很多习惯选择题的中国考生来说又是不太有利的。雅思考试的官方说明中将雅思听力分为7大题型,在讲课中这7种题型又具体分解为 10种题型。根据不同题型使用不同的应试思路是针对这一难点的唯一法宝。
第四,雅思听力考试特点就是雅思听力部分没有托福或四六级中经常出现的.短对话,四个部分都是长达7、8分钟的长文章。
前两个部分多涉及一般的校园生活,社会交往等模拟场景,如租房场景,度假场景,等等。第一部分通常是两人之间的对话,而第二部分往往是一个人的叙述。后两个部分多以学术性,教育类话题为主,如课外研究和讨论,有时会涉及全球性的热点话题,如环保问题,治理问题。而第三部分的内容经常是一段几个人之间的对话或交谈,第四部分与第二部分的形式相同,基本上也是一个人的叙述。虽然每次考试的实际内容灵活多变,但“万变不离其宗”,各部分的基本选材和场景大致如此。而且,随着每个部分的递进,题目的难度也在不断增加。假如能弄清这一规律,对解题也是很有帮助的。
第五,雅思听力考试特点就是雅思听力的语音并不是唯一的,而是呈国际化的趋势。
在听力的四个部分中,经常会使用多种常见的英语口音。这对只熟悉某一种口音的中国学生来说,又是一大难点。
篇10:雅思口语考试详细的流程介绍
雅思口语考试详细的流程介绍
很多学生都知道我们的评分标准是这四项,但是有一个非常重要的事情我们也应该在考试之前搞清楚,就是这四项分别有什么样的要求,你可以达到相应的什么样的分数。雅思口语考试流程及评分标准 雅思口语部分考试向来是中国考生最薄弱、丢分最严重的环节。
口语考试的流程及主要评分标准:
第一个部分,introduction and interview部分。那什么叫introduction and interview呢,主要我们分成两个部分在这个小项里面,第一呢,在一开始考官会问你一些最基本的,确定你身份的问题,比如说他会问道,你的名字是什么?我可以看你的证件吗?Can I have your ID please? 然后在这个过程之后呢,当确定了身份之后就会正式进入到这个所谓interview的部分了。interview的部分呢他会考察一些你关于基本的一些生活相关的问题的一些口语的交流,比如说他会问到关于你学业,你的生活,你的家乡,你的兴趣爱好这样方面的问题,那整个第一部分我们持续的时间是四到五分钟的时间。
第二部分,Personal long-turn部分。那在第一部分的这个交流之后呢我们就会进到我们所谓的第二部分,这个Personal long-turn,这个Personal long-turn来说,很多学生可能不太知道这是什么意思,那我们会拿到一张A4大小的纸,那在这个纸上你会有一个题目,那可能是关于人,或者一个地方,或者一个事情,或者一个东西的一个题目,那下面你会有一些提示的问题,根据这个问题,考生有一分钟的时间去做准备,然后两分钟的时间咱们需要自己来喋喋不休的来说一个整段的话,那这段话呢我们必须围绕着我们这个题目所给出的内容来回答。同学们也可以相应的做一些展开。
第三部分,Two-way discussion部分。那我们在这个第二部分的Personal long-turn之后呢,我们进入到这个第三部分,叫Two-way discussion的部分,那什么叫Two-way discussion呢,实际上形式上来说它是第一部分的一个类似的东西,它是以问答的形式出现,考官会抛出一些问题,这些问题在内容上呢我们通常是跟第二部分你回答的这个问题有关系的,那么这个Two-way discussion主要讨论一些比如说社会、自然生态以及各个方面的这些内容,而它的问题难度呢比第一部分相对要深很多,词汇量的要求也会大一些,那这个时间我们也持续在四到五分钟之间。那整个口语考试我们在这里可以看到,我们只有十一到十四分钟,也就是我们所有的考试里面最短的一项,那很多同学这个时候会问说,老师我有一个问题,在短短的十一到十四分钟,考官如何去检查我们这十几年来英语的水准呢,我们口语的水平是怎么来被评分的呢,我们就要来研究一下这个所谓的口语的评分标准。
很多学生都知道我们的评分标准是这四项,但是有一个非常重要的事情我们也应该在考试之前搞清楚,就是这四项分别有什么样的要求,你可以达到相应的什么样的分数。那么在我们北京学校很多课堂里面老师都会仔细的去跟你分析和讲解我们这些所谓的要求,以及我们要怎么做能够达到这个所谓的要求,得到相应的分数,我们来讲一下评分的一些具体的细则。
其实,考生朋友们不必太在意我们在答题中出现的语法错误。如果意识到了,及时改正便可,即便一是慌张没有改正,也不必太在意,调整好心态,在接下来的应试中正常发挥即可。得分关键其实在于你表达的是否流畅,对方是否理解你的意思,如果大方向没有走错,小小的语法错误还是不伤大雅的。
雅思口语7分范文:Zara
Describe a big company or organisation that employs a lot of people大公司。
you should say:
what it is
how big is it
how many employees works there
and explain what do you think about it
1.适用人群:全适用
2.主题:Zara
3.故事线:Zara因其流行的服装款式,低廉的价格和优质的服务吸引了众多顾客,作为一个初创公司,雇佣了世界各地的数千名员工,是许多初创企业和年轻人经营自己企业的标志。
I’d like to talk about Zalora group, one of the leading companies specializing in selling clothes.
It is an e-commerce company for online shopping purposes and provides a wide variety of style as well as current fashion trend for both men and women . The company has been through so many ups and downs that there was a time when they were on the edge of bankruptcy. At first, I didn’t care much about it ,not until I came across a eye-catching dress when going shopping in the mega mall did I become interested in its products. What amazed me is that the price is much cheaper than other brands so I can get the best offer without asking for a bargain. Normally it would take me 3 days for the merchandise to be delivered but just only 2 days I could receive it. Another thing is that the refund policy of zalora is much better than Lazada which is its competitor. Customers can return unpleasing products within 10 days and get a brand new one with similar price so that’s the reason why zalora has great customer base than any competitors. Lately, the company has expanded its chain all over the place, therefore, customers no longer have to wait for delivered products and can enjoy great service from physical stores.
Starting from modest investment to a leading company that has highly profitable and thousands of employees coming from all over the world, zalora is an icon for lots of start-ups and youngsters running their own businesses.
4.高分口语语料
地道用词:e-commerce company
physical stores
a wide variety of
current fashion trend
eye-catching dress
ask for a bargain
高分句型: The company has been through so many ups and downs that there was a time when they were on the edge of bankruptcy.
At first, I didn’t care much about it ,not until I came across a eye-catching dress when going shopping in the mega mall did I become interested in its products.
Customers can return unpleasing products within 10 days and get a brand new one with similar price so that’s the reason why zalora has great customer base than any competitors.
Starting from modest investment to a leading company that has highly profitable and thousands of employees coming from all over the world, zalora is an icon for lots of start-ups and youngsters running their own businesses.
雅思口语之:微软
1.适用人群:全适用
2.主题:微软
3.故事线:现在世界上大多数的个人电脑都运行在Windows操作系统,我相信微软公司是一家非常成功的公司。
A good number of successful companies are available across the world but none of them is as enriched as Microsoft Corporation. This is a big software company and it employs a lot of people.
Microsoft Corporation mostly deals with technological issues. The majority of the personal computers in the world now run with Windows operating system. This is the greatest invention of this company. Besides, it has its association with some other corporate bodies and has bought Skype and LinkedIn – two of the most popular modes of virtual networking and communication. Besides, the company has some other arenas of interest like it has a share in video game industry. The corporation is skilled in producing computer software and sells them at a reasonable rate. It also comes up with some other services like mobile phones and digital service market. The computer also started producing personal computers for the users, tablet computers and more. Microsoft Office Suite is the most used software for computers and people use the software package to meet a wide number of their needs.
I believe Microsoft Corporation is a very successful company so far after its initiation. In fact, it has no noteworthy competitors in the market. It has happened for its specially made software and their unique features. The company is successful in almost every term. The services are unique and the users are satisfied with the software quality.
Furthermore, the corporation has always tried to bring the products in a user-friendly environment. Anyone can use the personal computers without experiencing any sort of troubles. Besides, the products are exceptionally simple and easy to use. But there are some complexities with some other operating system like Linux or Mac. So, I think this is a successful company and it is for the exceptional strategies.
4.高分口语语料
地道用词:A good number of
a wide number of
run with Windows operating system
virtual networking and communication
user-friendly
comes up with
Besides, the company has some other arenas of interest like it has a share in video game industry.
高分句型:Microsoft Office Suite is the most used software for computers and people use the software package to meet a wide number of their needs.
Besides, it has its association with some other corporate bodies and has bought Skype and LinkedIn – two of the most popular modes of virtual networking and communication.
雅思口语之:椅子制造公司
1.适用人群:全适用
2.主题:椅子制造公司
3.故事线:这是一家椅子制造公司,在我的家乡雇佣了大量的当地居民,生产各种各样的椅子和相关配件。
Thank you for this opportunity to let me talk about a company that employs a sizeable number of people from the locality. This is a chair manufacturing company and it has been manufacturing chairs for a long time in Greece. The company employs a good number of local people from the city to manufacture various types of chairs and other accessories to decorate chairs and tables in my hometown. This is a smart cue card topic and I am really happy to have this.
Around 900 people work here and most of them are workers. In fact, the job of manufacturing chair involves a huge number of hands to complete the process. Almost all the people of this locality are involved in producing chairs and they work around the day in the company factory. The majority of the people belong to the working class while some of them are working as high officials in the company. Actually, the area I live in is densely populated and most of the people are not that much educated. As a result, they are unable to manage a higher job for them.
A high school graduation is a must to get a job with this company and with a higher education, anyone can apply for some other positions than that of the worker. But if someone can show some extraordinary skills, educational barriers are relaxed for them. The authority employs them without a second thought and considers them as the asset for the company. The salary offered by this company is also higher and everyone working here is pleased.
I would be interested to work here if I get a chance. Actually, all the works are equal and contribute to building the society. So, I do consider the job of a chair company worker is respectable. Moreover, the benefits of this company are also attractive and everyone loves their job here. I am currently doing my bachelor degree in Business Administration and would love to get a relevant administrative job in this company.
4.高分口语语料
地道用词:a sizeable number of
But if someone can show some extraordinary skills, educational barriers are relaxed for them.
without a second thought
高分句型:Thank you for this opportunity to let me talk about a company that employs a sizeable number of people from the locality.
A high school graduation is a must to get a job with this company and with a higher education, anyone can apply for some other positions than that of the worker.
篇11:雅思阅读8大常考题型和中低频题型分类
雅思阅读8大常考题型和中低频题型分类
雅思阅读考试时间为60分钟,考题都以“三大段”的文章为基本结构,大约1500-3000字之间,内容多样,甚至有时以图表、表格的方式出现,学生答题的方式亦有多种答题形式,共40题。阅读部分的主题并不是为了考察学生对学术的专业度或认知度,所以学生千万别因对主题的陌生而紧张起来。
雅思阅读题材
题材非常广泛,涵盖了科技、法律、教育、历史、文学、交通、社会、自然等多个方面。雅思文章的出处有很多,其中最实用的、便于积累背景知识的雅思文章来源是newscientist网站, 这个网站是雅思出题方公布的出题来源,包括了太空领域、环境、生物地理物理等科学以及社会科学与人类健康等各方面的科学知识。
雅思阅读常考八大题型
一、段落标题(paragraphheadings)
在做雅思阅读文章的时候,一般是10个选项,其中包括1-2个段落其标题的例子。要求根据段落中的内容找出与其相匹配的段落标题。正式考试中一般1个选项只能用于1个段落。
二、辨别正误题型(True/false/notgiven)
该题型会涉及到:(notgiven/notmentioned)没有提到,有时还会出现下列提法accurat/inaccurat精确/不精确;supported/contradicted一致/不一致。correct/incorrect正确与不正确。辨别正误题型属于比较难的题型。通常出现在阅读测试中的第3或第4部分。
规定时间内如果我们完成不能答题,可以选择根据逻辑猜测。这个办法在回答辨别正误(True;false;notgiven)题型时很有效。由于时间有限,很多题是通过此逻辑猜测得出正确答案。
三、回答问题(short-answerquestiontasks)
回答问题是根据所给文章或图表回答问题。雅思阅读考试中中通常是出现what、which、when、where、who、whose、whom、why、how等单词。这些单词有时会在答题指引中将所提问题列出。
回答问题答题步骤:
1.仔细查看答题指引,了解回答何种问题。
2.查看例句,确定答题方式。
3.要确定问句的种类,一般疑问句可按正常形式回答,如果是选择疑问句或者是以wh/how开头的问句就一定要具体回答。
4.仔细理解问句所提问题。
5.特别要注意问句中所提问题的关键词语(例如:单数、复数),以及问句中表明数量、时间、地点的词语。
6.将问句中的关键词语与文章中相关句子中的词语进行匹配。
7.确定问句与文章中相关句子含义是否一致,得出答案。
四、完成图表、示意图题型(table、chartordiagramcompletion)
完成图表、示意图题型是要根据文章所给出的信息,将图表内缺失的内容填补出来。雅思阅读考试中,有很多种图表及示意图。这些图表虽然篇幅不长,却能够明确说明问题的答案。通常这些图表会附在所给阅读文章之内,作为文章的一部分,千万不能忽略这类图表。图表填空的关键在于分析图表信息点,根据信息点寻找对应的答案。
完成图表、示意图题答题步骤:
1.详细查看答题指引,以确定图表为何种信息。
2.查看例句,了解图表内容及答题方式。
3.查看图表题目栏中词语及数字符号。
4.查看图表中的说明及注释部分。
5.利用问句中的关键词语,在所给图表中寻找答案。
五、配对题(matching)
配对题是雅思阅读考试a类中比较普遍的题型,配对的范围主要在:事件和事件的发展过程;原因和结果;文章中的概念和概念的解释;标志性事物和其所在的时代;新产品和发明家、时间等。
配对题答题步骤:
1.仔细查看答题指引,了解回答何种问题。
2.查看例句,确定答题方式。
3.弄清那些选项是同义选项,那些选项是反义选项,那些选项是有关数字选项。
4.根据在题目中自己划出的中心词在原文中寻找信息点,注意以大写、斜体、括号和引号方式出现的概念。
5.对于有关人名与理论、新产品和发明家、时间的配对题,首先要快速找出人名、公司名和时间,然后在附近的上下文中找答案。
六、摘要(summary)、填空题型(gapfill)
填空题通常有两种形式:一种是根据文章内容选择词或短语填空,一般是为阅读文章的缩写内容进行填空;另一种则无参考文章,只是一篇短文。第一种题型相对第二种题型较难,所花费时间较多,因为要将两篇文章进行语句、词语的比较。不过这种缩写形式对于理解所给阅读文章有所帮助。第二种形式是利用所给单词或短语进行填空。上述两种形式填空题都需要借助语法、词法知识,分析所需填空文章中相关句子的含义。
七、完成句子题型(sentencecompletiontasks)
完成句子题型就是先给出句子的一部分,未给出部分在文章中找出,或者给出2-3个答案,由你选择一个。这种题型较难,要花一点时间仔细查看文章中的有关部分。
完成句子题答题步骤:
1.详细阅读答题指引,获取必要的答题信息。
2.参考例句,确定答题形式。
3.利用语法知识确定句子缺失部分。
4.仔细查看所给句子的含义,并找出关键词语。
5.利用所给部分的关键词语在文章中找出相关句子。
6.在文章中的相关句子里,选取缺失部分(即答案)。
如果完成句子题型是以多重选择的形式出现,那么则要将选择答案部分列为问句的一部分,从中选取所需的关键词语,逐个与文章中相关句子进行匹配。
八、多重选择题型(maltiple-choicetasks)
多重选择题型与toefl测试中的多重选择题型看似类似,实质上差别很大。雅思阅读测试中的多重选择题型更多侧重于对文章的理解,而tofel则强调语法、词法的运用。
注意多重选择题型下列情况:
1.alloftheabove.(上述全部)
2.eithera.orb.orc.orabove.(或者上面的a。或b。或c。)
3.itdependson.(视...而定)
如果出现上述三种情况,就要对所有的选择答案进行分析对比。
雅思阅读中低频题型
多选多+排序
完成句子+搭配题
以上就是雅思阅读8大常考题型和中低频题型分类的全部内容,按上文所述,雅思的阅读考试题型已经达到10种。如果我们再把一些低频的或者难度大的题型找出来加上的话,雅思阅读的题型数量可以达到14种。这也印证了我们在文首中说的雅思阅读是结构化英语考试中出了名的题型多。
雅思阅读全真练习系列:How a Frenchman is reviving McDonald's in Europe
How a Frenchman is reviving McDonald's in Europe
A. When Denis Hennequin took over as the European boss of McDonald's in January , the world's biggest restaurant chain was showing signs of recovery in America and Australia, but sales in Europe were sluggish or declining. One exception was France, where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the group's French subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots. His task was to replicate this success in all 41 of the European countries where anti-globalisers' favourite enemy operates.
B. So far Mr Hennequin is doing well. Last year European sales increased by 5.8% and the number of customers by 3.4%, the best annual results in nearly 15 years. Europe accounted for 36% of the group's profits and for 28% of its sales. December was an especially good month as customers took to seasonal menu offerings in France and Britain, and to a promotion in Germany based on the game of Monopoly.
C Mr Hennequin's recipe for revival is to be more open about his company's operations, to be “locally relevant”, and to improve the experience of visiting his 6,400 restaurants. McDonald's is blamed for making people fat, exploiting workers, treating animals cruelly, polluting the environment and simply for being American. Mr Hennequin says he wants to engage in a dialogue with the public to address these concerns.
D. He introduced “open door” visitor days in each country which became hugely popular. In Poland alone some 50,000 visitors came to McDonald's through the visitors' programme last year. The Nutrition Information Initiative, launched last year, put detailed labels on McDonald's packaging with data on calories, protein, fat, carbohydrates and salt content. The details are also printed on tray-liners.
E. Mr Hennequin also wants people to know that “McJobs”, the low-paid menial jobs at McDonald's restaurants, are much better than people think. But some of his efforts have backfired: last year he sparked a controversy with the introduction of a “McPassport” that allows McDonald's employees to work anywhere in the European Union. Politicians accused the firm of a ploy to make cheap labour from eastern Europe more easily available to McDonald's managers across the continent.
F. To stay in touch with local needs and preferences, McDonald's employs local bosses as much as possible. A Russian is running McDonald's in Russia, though a Serb is in charge of Germany. The group buys mainly from local suppliers. Four-fifths of its supplies in France come from local farmers, for example. (Some of the French farmers who campaigned against the company in the late 1990s subsequently discovered that it was, in fact, buying their produce.) And it hires celebrities such as Heidi Klum, a German model, as local brand ambassadors.
G. In his previous job Mr Hennequin established a “design studio” in France to spruce up his company's drab restaurants and adapt the interior to local tastes. The studio is now masterminding improvements everywhere in Europe. He also set up a “food studio”, where cooks devise new recipes in response to local trends.
H. Given France's reputation as the most anti-American country in Europe, it seems odd that McDonald's revival in Europe is being led by a Frenchman, using ideas cooked up in the French market. But France is in fact the company's most profitable market after America. The market where McDonald's is weakest in Europe is not France, but Britain.
I. “Fixing Britain should be his priority,” says David Palmer, a restaurant analyst at UBS. Almost two-thirds of the 1,214 McDonald's restaurants in Britain are company-owned, compared with 40% in Europe and 15% in America. The company suffers from the volatility of sales at its own restaurants, but can rely on steady income from franchisees. So it should sell as many underperforming outlets as possible, says Mr Palmer.
J. M.Mark Wiltamuth, an analyst at Morgan Stanley, estimates that European company-owned restaurants' margins will increase slightly to 16.4% in . This is still less than in the late 1990s and below America's 18-19% today. But it is much better than before Mr Hennequin's reign. He is already being tipped as the first European candidate for the group's top job in Illinois. Nobody would call that a McJob.
Questions 1-6 Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?
Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
TRUE if the statement reflects the claims of the writer
FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
1. McDonald was showing the sign of recovery in all European countries except France after Denis Hennequin took office as the boss of Euro-markets.
2. Starting from last year, detailed labels are put on McDonald’s packaging and detailed information is also printed on tray-liners.
3. France is said to be the most anti-American country in Europe, but the ideas of the “open door” visiting days and “McPassport” are invented in the French market.
4. Britain possesses the weakest McDonald market among European countries and approximately 1214 McDonald’s restaurants are company-owned.
5. According to David Palmer, a restaurant analyst at UBS, David Hennequin should treat the problem about McDonald in Britain as the most important thing.
6. David Palmer suggested that the management of McDonalod in Italy should sell as many its outlets which lose money in business as possible for revival.
Questions 7-10 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 7-10 on your answe sheet.
7. The word “sterling” in line 3 of Paragraph A means__________.
A. difficult
B. menial
C. terrible
D. excellent
8. Which of the following statements on the accusation of MacDonald is NOT TRUE?
A. It tends to make people fat.
B. Its operations are very vague.
C. It tends to exploit workers.
D. It tends to treat animals cruelly.
9. Which of the following measures taken by Denis Hennequin produced undesired result?
A. “Food Studio” scheme.
B. “Open Door” visitor days.
C. The “McPassport” scheme.
D. The Nutrition Information Initiative.
10. What did Denis Hennequin do so as to respond to local trends?
A. set up a “Food Studio” .
B. established a “Design Studio”.
C. hired celebrities as local brand ambassadors.
D. employed local bosses as much as possible.
Questions 11-14 Complete each of the following statements (Questions 11-14) with words or number taken from Reading Passage 1.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.
11. After January 2004, McDonald was making improvement following a period of slump in America and Australia, but sales in Europe were ………………………….
12. Business of McDonald in France and Britain was particularly good in December since customers took to ……………………………..
13. Compared with other countries, France is McDonald’s ………………………. next to America.
14. ……………………. of McDonald’s restaurants in America are companied–owned and the figure is much lower than that in Britain.
篇12:雅思G类阅读题型和技巧介绍
雅思考试阅读(培训类)共有三部分,文章难度由浅至深,考生需要回答40道题目。第一部分有14道题,第二和第三部分分别有13道题。
第一部分通常包含2到3篇短文或者若干段文字(如广告等)。第二部分通常有2篇文章,第三部分则为一段较长的文章。文章的内容和文体各有不同,难度最深的为第三部分的内容。
文章介绍
第一部分的内容选自通知、广告、时间表、宣传品、以及其它类似的内容。第二部分的内容选自大学招生简章、课程介绍、大学课程介绍、图书馆指引、规定、以及其它类似的内容。第三部分的内容选自报纸、杂志、期刊、小说或非虚构的书籍、以及其它类似的内容。所有文章总计长度约在2400字左右。
题目形式
雅思考试阅读部分(培训类)有11种基本的题型,部分题型还会有其它的变化形式。
题型1 选择题
题型2 多项配对
题型3 填空
题型4 完成句子
题型5 完成笔记、总结、或流程图
题型6 完成总结
题型7 为段落或文章的部分选择相对应的小标题
题型8 寻找信息
题型9 判断作者观点、看法或文章中的具体信息
题型10 分类
题型11 配对
题型一选择题
题目可能已经给出句子的前半部分,考生需在选项中选择一个最佳的方法答案完成这个句子。题目也可能是一个完整的问题,考生需在选项中选择一个最佳的答案。考生需从四个可供选择的答案A、B、C或D中选择一个最佳的答案。题目的顺序与相对应的信息在文章中出现的顺序是相同的。
这种题型可能出现的形式有:
有时考生需从多于四个可供选择的选项中进行选择,也有可能需选择不止一个作为正确答案。另外,也有可能在一组问题的末尾再提出一个总括性的问题,如为文章选择一个最适合的标题。
题型二多项配对
题目将给出数个选项,考生需将这些可供选择的选项与文章节选或段落进行对应。文章节选或段落用字母所标注,会出现某些选项不被选择的可能,或者有些选项会被用到不止一次。多项配对题考察的是考生在阅读时使用跳读和扫读技巧寻找特定信息的能力。
题型三填空
这种题型要求考生回答关于文章中具体的、事实性的信息的问题,考生需在问卷上填写多个单词或数字进行作答。一般来说,题目的指示会说明“从文章中选取不超过三个单词和/或一个数字作答”,但有些时候是“一个单词”、或“不超过两个单词”、或“四个单词”。数字可以用阿拉伯数字、也可以用文字的形式填写。如果考生填写了超过问题指示中所要求的字数,即使所填的内容中包含正确的答案,也会被扣分。缩写的单词不会被作为考试的内容。带有连字符的单词按照一个单词计算。
这种题型要求考生能够有效地进行跳读,在文章中寻找相关的段落,并能够有效地进行扫读,寻找相关的句子并对详细信息进行仔细阅读。题目的顺序通常是经过了编排的,所以答案出现的顺序通常来说是与文章的顺序相同的。
题型四完成句子
第一种形式:考生需按照要求的字数完成一个从文章中抽取出来的句子。
第二种形式:题目中给出了前半个句子(该句与文章内容有关),考生需从若干个选项中选取合适的内容完成这个句子。考生有时需要多次使用某一个选项作答。
如果是第一种形式,题目的指示中会说明考生最多可以使用多少个单词。最常见的指示会说明“用不超过三个单词和/或一个数字作答”,但有些时候是“一个单词”、或“不超过两个单词” 、或“四个单词”。数字可以用阿拉伯数字、也可以用文字的形式填写。
如果考生填写了超过问题指示中所要求的字数,即使所填的内容中包含正确的答案,也会被扣分。缩写的单词不会被作为考试的内容。带有连字符的单词按照一个单词计算。在考生需填写单词完成句子的题目中,单词必须是直接从文章中选取的。如果是第二种形式,考生需从若干个答案中选择最佳的答案进行作答,并将答案所对应的字母填写在答卷上。选择的答案数量比问题的数量要多。
在几乎所有需要将句首和句尾进行配对的题目里,可供选择的句尾的语法都是符合语法规则的。考生需按照意思来将句首和句尾进行配对,而不是通过语法。文章中题目出现的顺序是与文章的顺序相同的。
题型五完成笔记、表格或流程图
考生需要使用一个或多个单词来填写笔记、表格或流程图里的空格。题目的指引中会清楚地说明需选择一个词、不超过两个词、三个词或者四个词等。这种题型要求考生需能够有效地进行跳读,在文章中寻找相关的段落,并能够有效地进行扫读,寻找相关的句子并对详细信息进行仔细阅读。对于这种题型来说,答案通常会集中出现在文中某一部分,而不是散落在整篇文章中。
第一种形式:考生需从题目所提供的一组单词和词组中选取合适的一个单词或多个单词进行填空,可选择的单词或词组数量会比需要填写的单词的数量要多。
第二种形式:没有可供选择的单词,考生需从文章中选取一个单词或词组进行填空。
题型六完成总结
考生需要使用一个单词或者多个单词来填写笔记、表格或流程图里的空格。如果考生需从文章中选取单词或数字进行填空,题目的指引中会清楚地说明需选择一个词、不超过两个词、三个词或者四个词等。对于这种题型来说,答案通常会集中出现在文中某一部分,而不是散落在整篇文章中。
这种题型最常出现在雅思考试阅读(培训类)的第三部分,但也有可能出现在其他部分。完成总结的对象可能是整篇文章也可能是文章的一部分。有时题目会给出总结所需的小标题,可以帮助考生找到需要进行总结的部分。需要总结全文的题目是考察考生寻找要点的能力,需要总结部分文章的题目考察的是考生寻找补充性的细节信息。
第一种形式:考生需从题目所提供的一组单词和词组中选取合适的一个单词或多个单词进行填空,可选择的单词或词组数量会比需要填写的单词的数量要多。
第二种形式:没有可供选择的单词,考生需从文章中选取一个单词或词组进行填空。
题型七为段落或文章的部分选择相对应的小标题
题目会给出一组小标题,这些小标题对应文章中的部分段落。考生需将这些小标题与具体的段落进行配对。通常考生需要对7-8个小标题进行配对,而文章可能有不止7-8个段落,有一些小标题可能已经作为示范进行了配对。小标题的数量总是比段落的数量要多,而且每个小标题只能使用一次,所以考生需要进行仔细思考再选择。这种题型考察的是考生区分要点和补充性细节信息的能力。
题型八寻找信息
在这种题型中,题目出现的顺序与信息出现的顺序是不相同的。考生不一定需要在每一段文章中寻找信息。但考生有可能需要在同一个段落里寻找不止一个信息,在这种情况下,题目的指引中会对此进行说明。这种题型考察考生在段落中寻找特定信息的能力。
考生需要寻找的信息包括:
特定信息
某种事情/事物的例子
事件等发生的原因
一个描述
一个总结
一个解释
其他
题型九判断作者观点、看法或文章中的具体信息
题目会提供一组表示意见/看法,或是事实性信息的陈述。这种题型考察考生进行跳读、扫读和对细节进行阅读理解的能力。
针对意见或看法,考生需回答这些陈述是否符合或反映了作者的观点或看法。答案的形式有“是”(YES)、“否”(NO)、或“无从判断”(NOT GIVEN)。
针对事实性信息,考生需回答这些陈述是否与文章中的信息一致。答案的形式有“一致”(TRUE)、“不一致”(FALSE)、或“无从判断”(NOT GIVEN)。
题型十分类
题目会提供一组信息、以及数个类别,这些类别用一个或多个字母代表。考生需根据信息的共性将这些信息归类到各个类别中。这种题型考察考生能否区分文中信息之间的关系和关联,最常见于涉及事实性信息的文章中,如说明文。考生需要进行跳读和扫读以寻找相关的信息并对细节进行阅读理解。
题型十一配对
题目会提供一组内容,如原理、观点、人名、地名、物品等。考生需将这些内容与一组选项中的相应内容进行配对。题目指引中会对是否需要使用多次进行配对进行说明。这种题型考察考生进行跳读和扫读的能力,以及阅读理解文中某一部分要点的能力。
提示:
应仔细阅读题目的指示和说明,这些信息会告诉你在哪里寻找答案、需要如何回答问题、以及答案字数的限定。题目里的指示还会说明答案是否可以多次使用,并提醒你把答案转抄到答卷上。
注意大多数的题型下,题目出现的顺序和信息在文章中出现的顺序都是一致的。
进行扫读练习,以便能在文章片段中快速寻找与题目相关的关键词。你也可以用扫读练习在段落中寻找关键词。
在大多数情况下(如填空题),你所填写的答案需符合正确的语法要求,正确的单词拼写和词组搭配是非常重要的,出现错误是要被扣分的。
在大多数情况下,你可以在文章里找到需要填写的单词,并应将这个词正确仔细地抄在答卷上。运用笔记、表格、图表或流程图中的内容以及范例来预测答案所涉及的信息的类型。
在辅导课上,与同学和老师讨论每种题型下答案可能出现的形式。
在阅读的时候将关键词和词组用下划线标记出来,并注意题目中的关键词与文中关键词的联系。
熟悉同义词以及带有概括作用的词汇,这可以帮助你找到相关信息。
练习如何用不同的方式表达相同的意思和信息。
思考某些信息之间有什么共性、又有什么不同之处。
练习相关的阅读技巧,如跳读、扫读,用于寻找信息。
有些考生认为只有做题才能帮助提高成绩,因此陷于题海战术。这并不能让考生按照希望的那样快速提高成绩,这对备考和英语学习是不利的。备考的过程中应该广泛阅读不同的材料,如报纸、期刊、杂志和书籍,并利用这些资源为备考服务。
注意熟悉不同的文体,并且练习如何更好地理解这些文体。在练习中熟悉所有雅思考试阅读(培训类)的题型。
要注意阅读的方法不止一种。有的考生会一字一句地慢慢地仔细阅读,并把所有的生词划出来,还因为这些生词而打断了阅读的连贯性。你应该明确,考试的主要任务是找到题目的答案,因此考试中运用的阅读技巧与你需要记忆内容时所用的阅读技巧是不同的。考试过程中不应过于担心出现的生词,同时应该在平时多加练习如何根据上下文的语义来猜测生词的意思,尽量不要用字典查每一个生词。
在任何时候都要认真阅读题目的指示。有些题型是会有不同的变化形式的,如果不明确题目的要求,你是很容易出现混淆而导致出错的。
在阅读的时候应该注意时间限制。如果某个题目你一时找不到答案,就应该继续做下一道题目,避免在某一道题目上花费过多的时间。
注意不要过于依赖于从文中寻找某个词来作答。你应该练习如何改述、在文中找到改述的内容。
遇到那些题目出现的顺序与文章顺序一致的题型,要记得你是无须返回前文寻找每一个问题的答案的。
雅思G类阅读做题技巧和方法
IELTS普通培训类阅读考试时间为60分钟,共40道题,分为三部分,难度递增。第一部分考日常事务(social survival),主要包含与生活密切相关的实用文本,要求考生能够定位和辨别一般事实性信息。一般为两篇文章,每篇文章各有一种题型。第二部分考培训内容(training survival),一般与某种语言类或实用类短期或长期培训有关,与第一部分相比,语言稍复杂一些,表达法更多样。一般考两篇文章,各一种题型。第三部分为一般的说明文(general reading),题材广泛,篇幅较长,议论文一般不在考试之列。考一篇文章,题型在三四种左右。
关于做题步骤,有两种常见的思路:一种是仔细阅读文章,然后依次做题;另一种是直接做题,回原文找答案。两种方法各有利弊。
先看文章后做题的好处是首先对全文有个全局性的了解,知道其内容大意,做起题来比较容易定位,但可能会出现因看文章用时过多而影响做题时间,或是看完了文章做题的时候发现文章里的许多地方并没有考到的弊端。另一方面,许多考生因为阅读速度慢,害怕题做不完,而跳过文章,直接做题,根据题干信息回原文寻找答案。这种方法在做简单题时,效率相当高,但若涉及难题,就有可能出现在原文难以找到对应段落的情况。如果题目的顺序并不与文章的顺序严格对应,考生也可能会倍感困惑,难以定位。在这里,我们建议采用一种简便易学的四步做题法:
1. 看题目要求(instructions)及题目的共同点,以决定看文章的详略程度
如果是考headings,则主要抓主旨;如果是考matching,则主要在人名、地名等大小写及其他特殊印刷字符处做标记;如果是TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN,则注意细节。
2.扫描文章(scanning),标出段落核心词
重点浏览文章标题、每段话的小标题、所附图表的说明,以及特殊印刷字符(大写、下划线、斜体字、数字)。快速浏览每一段,抓住主题句,也就是每一段话的中心句。一段话当中其他的句子是对主题句的扩展、说明或解释。在普通培训类文章中,主题句通常位于每段话的开头或结尾。若主题句不易辨别,则可在每一段话的核心词旁做标记。核心词许多情况下是名词或这一段话中重复出现或后面有指代关系的词或短语。
寻找并理解主题句或核心词非常重要。这不仅是明白文章大意和中心思想所必需的,而且也是做细节题时定位的基础。
浏览所用时间因人而异,在一篇建议用时20分钟的文章中,大约为6至8分钟。浏览的时候切记抓主题、抓核心,不要纠缠于细节,碰到不懂的单词或短语就跳过去,因为目的是要把握文章的总体脉络和要意思。
3.看题,划出每道题的核心词,回原文定位(scanning)
按照题目的要求,回到原文进行针对性阅读,定位具体信息。关键是分析题目的主干,判断此题应该对应文章的哪一段。根据题目的核心词寻找它在文章的相应位置,有时能找到原词,有时找到的是该词的同义表达,例如题目涉及return times,文中可能为the time to get back。然后仔细阅读文中对应信息,对于无关信息,则忽略。碰到不懂的单词,则根据上下文进行推断。
4.答疑时,如需选择的进行选择,如需填空的,从文中选取相应的内容,如是TURE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN,则进行信息之间的比较。
最后应留出两三分钟的时间来检查答案。重新思考一下不太肯定的答案。看看答案是不是符合题目的要求,并确认所有的答案都已填写答题纸的相应位置。
以上就是雅思G类阅读11种题型和4个技巧介绍的全部内容,虽说雅思G类阅读和A类阅读考的题目不一样,但大家可以看出在做题的步骤和思路上,其实是相似的。在A类阅读中能够运用到的技巧在G类阅读上很多都能够复用,比如定位,比如同义词转换。
雅思阅读材料:印度男子与39位妻子
A 66-year-old man in India's remote northeast has 39 wives, 94 children and 33 grandchildren, all living under one roof。
They all live in a four storied building with 100 rooms in a mountainous village in Mizoram state, sharing borders with Burma and Bangladesh, according to reports。
“I once married 10 women in one year,” Ziona Chana said。
His wives share a dormitory near Ziona's private bedroom and locals said he likes to have seven or eight of them by his side at all times。
The sons and their wives, and all their children, live in different rooms in the same building, but share a common kitchen。
The wives take turns cooking, while his daughters clean the house and do washing. The men do outdoor jobs like farming and taking care of livestock。
The family, all 167 of them, consumes around 200lb of rice and more than 130lb of potatoes a day. They are supported by their own resources and occasional donations from followers。
“Even today, I am ready to expand my family and willing to go to any extent to marry,” Ziona said。
“I have so many people to care (for) and look after, and I consider myself a lucky man.”
Mr Chana met his oldest wife, who is three years older than he is, when he was 17.
He heads a local Christian religious sect, called the “Chana”, which allows polygamy. Formed in June 1942, the sect believes it will soon be ruling the world with Christ and has a membership of around 400 families。
印度东北部一个偏远地区有一位66岁男子,他共有39位妻子、94名儿女和33个孙子女,所有人都生活在一起。
据报道,他们全都住在印度米佐拉姆邦一个山村中的一栋四层小楼里,楼中共有100个房间。米佐拉姆邦与缅甸和孟加拉国接壤。
这名叫齐奥纳?查纳的男子说:“我曾经在一年内娶了10个老婆。”
齐奥纳私人卧室旁边有一间大寝室是他的妻子们共用的,当地人说齐奥纳喜欢身边总是有七八位老婆陪着他。
他的儿子和儿媳们,以及孙辈们住在同一栋楼的不同房间里,但他们共用一个厨房。
齐奥纳的妻子们和媳妇们轮流做饭,而他的女儿们则负责打扫房子和洗衣服。家庭里的男人们负责耕种、喂养家畜等户外工作。
这个167人的大家庭要吃掉约200磅米饭、130多磅土豆。他们基本能自给自足,偶尔也会有追随者赠送一些食物给他们。
齐奥纳说:“即使是现在,我也很愿意继续娶妻,扩大我的家庭。”
“我有这么多亲人可以去关心和照顾,我觉得我是个幸运的人。”
查纳在17岁时遇到了他的老婆,她大他三岁。
查纳是当地一个叫“查纳”的派别的,该教创立于1942年6月,允许一夫多妻制。目前,该教派约有400个家庭的教徒,并且认为他们很快就会和耶稣一起统治世界。
雅思阅读材料:出题特点及解题步骤
一、出题特点
1. 永远位于文章之前
段落标题配对题是的一个位于文章之前的题型,这意味着考官建议考生事先完成这种题型。因为对文章主旨的把握有助于考生更好地寻找文章中的细节。
2. 选项以短语形式出现,数量大于段落数,且为乱序
在 List of headings 中,选项都是以一个短语的形式出现的,考生需要从中选出最能够概括一个段落大意或者主要内容的短语。出于干扰的需要,选项中一定会有若干干扰选项,需要考生去鉴别。另外选项全部是打乱顺序的,即与文章的顺序不一致。
3. 个别题目中会有示例;选项不可能重复使用
个别文章中,题目中会有一个 Example ,会提示某一段的答案。由于选项不可能出现一个选项使用两次的情况,因此这个给出的答案即可以排除。
二、解题步骤
1. 浏览文章
如果文章有标题、副标题、图片、小标题,则必须在做题之前仔细进行阅读,因为这些内容往往暗示了文章的主题,这对于考生把握全文大意、排除干扰选项会有一定的帮助。
2. 划掉示例中的选项
由于选项不可能被重复使用,因此 Example 中的选项不可能再次出现,故没有必要浪费时间去阅读这部分内容。所以直接在这个选项上划叉即可。另外,对于某些记忆力不好的考生来说,也可以把这个选项所对应的段落做上记号,以免误读从而浪费时间。
3. 阅读所有选项,标出关键词
由于选项是乱序,因此如果先读文章再去找选项,就有可能出现每读一个段落,就要通读一遍所有的选项这样的问题,发现把所有的选项读了数遍。因此,建议考生在阅读文章之前就先把所有选项仔细阅读一遍,并且划出关键词以便记忆。
雅思
篇13:雅思阅读考试题型的3个特点
雅思阅读考试题型的3个特点
1、语言模式
段落
英美报刊的文章不管它是新闻还是特写之类的,它的段落短小就是它的一大特点,一个段落往往就是只有那么一句话或两句话。一般来讲,英美报刊段落大概都是由60个单词组成的,平均差不多会在4行左右。据说,这是专家经过了科学的实验后总结出来的经验,专家认为这是最适合读者的一个段落长度。
大多数的雅思阅读文章的段落长度也都是在这个范围之内。但是由于那些杂志期刊也是考试命题的重要来源,所以在实战中长度很大的段落也是屡见不鲜的。
简明
报纸的编辑出版往往是受时间限制的,并且一切都是在时间的压力下去完成的。因此报纸一般都比较推崇简明的风格。
2、时效性
雅思阅读文章全部都是选自一些英美主流报刊杂志。所以一版考生在考试的时候会经常遇到一些时髦话题的文章,像BSE(疯牛病)、911事件、或者是安然公司破产案这样的内容在考试中都出现过。所以大家平时最好是能够经常去关心这些时事,积累一些比较必要的背景知识,这对于考试而言真的是大有裨益的。
3、结构特点
大多数的雅思阅读文章的结构往往就是人们常说的“倒金字塔”形式。这是指在一篇文章中那些重要的信息都放在开头部分,尤其是开头的前三段。也就是说,一篇文章的主题一般都会出现在前三段。一般我们可以把这样的段落称为导语段。文章一般都是把新闻所涉及的人物、时间、地点以及过程和结果都交待出来。读者读完了导语段之后也就知道了新闻的关键信息。
那么在接下来就是逐步向读者交待事件发生的起因、过程、影响等信息。这是文章的主要部分,但是各种信息其实并不是平铺直叙的,而是按照它们的重要性而先后出现来的。与事件直接相关的信息往往被认为是最重要的,因此位置靠前,然后才是一些比较次要的信息。
在这一部分,阅读文章其实还可以交待消息的来源,并且时常引用一些记者在采访中得到的有关人士的话,以证明消息的可靠。新闻往往还可以补充说明一些背景材料,有时文章不惜还会重复一些内容。
雅思阅读考试小范围预测
文章题目 Who should look after the child?
重复年份 0412 0110
题材 人文社科
题型 暂无
文章大意 英国年轻人当父母的事儿,爸妈谁应照顾孩子
参考阅读:
Working Mothers
In the United States today, more than half of mothers with young children work,compared to about one third in the 1970s. Working mothers are now the rule rather than the exception. Women have been moving into the workforce not only for career satisfaction but also because they and their families need the income.
Why Women Work
In many families today, mothers continue to work because they have careers that they have spent years developing. Some women return to work soon after giving birth because they know that most employers in this country are not sympathetic to working mothers who wish to take time off to be with their young children. If these women stop working, even for several months, they may give up some of the advantages they have earned or risk losing certain career opportunities.
Help From Others
As a greater number of women enter the workforce and stay there, more and more children are cared for by adults other than their parents. Relatives sometimes take on child care duties, or children are cared for in a variety of childcare settings. Not surprisingly, working mothers are more likely to have their infants and toddlers in an out-of-the- home child care center than nonemployed mothers. However, most three- to five-year-olds are in center-based or preschool programs regardless of whether their mother works outside the home. Parents all want their children to have the best possible start in school, so they are likely to enroll their three- and four-year-olds in a program.
How It Can Impact Your Child
Some people still think that a “good mother” is one who gives up work to stay home with her children. However, no scientific evidence says children are harmed when their mothers work. A child’s development is influenced more by the emotional health of the family, how the family feels about the mother’s working,and the quality of child care. A child who is emotionally well adjusted, well loved,and well cared for will thrive regardless of whether the mother works outside the home.
A mother who successfully manages both an outside job and parenthood provides a role model for her child. In most families with working mothers, each person plays a more active role in the household. The children tend to look after one another and help in other ways. The father is more likely to help with household chores and child rearing as well as breadwinning. These positive outcomes are most likely when the working mother feels valued and supported by family, friends, and coworkers.
Conflicts
Problems can arise if a woman does not want to work or if her husband does not want her to work. If a woman works because she needs the money, she may have to take a job that she does not like. In that case, she needs to be careful not to bring her frustration and unhappiness home, where it will spill over into family relationships. The message the children may receive in this situation is that work is unpleasant and damages instead of builds self-esteem.
雅思阅读每日一练:美国人缺乏信任的经济后果
Schumpeter,Suspicious minds,The economic consequences of Americans’ distrust
AMERICA is a grumpy and confused place. For an overarching explanation of what has gone wrong, a decline in trust is a good place to start. Trust can be defined as the expectation that other people, or organizations, will act in ways that are fair to you. In the White House and beyond there is precious little of it about. People increasingly view institutions as corrupt, strangers as suspicious, rivals as illegitimate and facts as negotiable.
美国是一个暴躁而又迷茫的地方。要整体把握到底什么地方出了问题,我们不妨从信任度的下降入手。信任可以定义为“预期其他人或组织将公平地对待自己”。在白宫内外,这一点弥足珍贵。人们越来越认为机构腐败,陌生人可疑,对手非法,而事实也可以商量。
The share of Americans who say “most people can be trusted” fell from 44% in 1976 to 32% in , according to a survey from the University of Chicago. In a new book, “The Retreat of Western Liberalism”, Edward Luce, a commentator for the Financial Times in Washington, argues that distrust will contribute to America’s decline and eventually, even, to autocracy. Lack of faith is chewed over in boardrooms, too. In his latest letter to shareholders, Jamie Dimon, JPMorgan Chase’s boss, describes trust as America’s “secret sauce” and worries that the bottle is running dry.
根据芝加哥大学的一项调查,认为“大多数人可以信任”的美国人比例从1976年的44%下降到的32%。《金融时报》驻华盛顿评论员爱德华·卢斯(Edward Luce)在新书《西方自由主义的退却》(The Retreat of Western Liberalism)中指出,不信任将加速美国的衰落,甚至最终导致独裁。公司董事会也在琢磨缺乏信任的问题。摩根大通的老板杰米·戴蒙(Jamie Dimon)在最近给股东的信中将信任称为美国的“秘方”,并担心装秘方的瓶子快要空了。
The tricky bit is reconciling this distrust with the rosy business outlook. The S&P 500 index is near an all-time high, even though many economists say that distrust is toxic for prosperity because transactions become dearer and riskier. An OECD study of 30 economies shows that those with low levels of trust, such as Turkey and Mexico, are far poorer. Three scholars, Luigi Guiso, Paola Sapienza and Luigi Zingales, have shown that pairs of countries (such as Britain and France) whose populations say they distrust each other, have less bilateral trade and investment.
这种不信任与美妙的商业前景放在一起似乎很不协调。标准普尔500指数目前接近历史高点——尽管许多经济学家认为不信任会扼杀繁荣,因为交易的成本会更高,风险会更大。经合组织对30个经济体的研究表明,信任水平较低的国家,比如土耳其和墨西哥等,要比美国贫穷得多。路易吉·圭索(Luigi Guiso)、佩奥拉·萨皮恩扎(Paola Sapienza)和路易吉·津加雷斯(Luigi Zingales)等三位学者证明,如果两个国家的民众对彼此都表示不信任,它们之间的双边贸易和投资也较少,比如英国和法国。
America’s mistrust outbreak can be split into two parts: what consumers think, and what firms think. The share of folk who have “little or no confidence” in big business has risen from 26% in 1976 to 39% in June, according to Gallup. For banks it has risen from 10% in 1979 to 28% today. Over decades big firms have broken implicit promises to their employees, such as providing a job for life and paying generous pensions. That has probably soured the public’s view. And the financial crisis of -08 blew a giant hole in the reputation of big business and finance.
不信任在美国的爆发可以分为两部分:消费者的想法和企业的想法。根据盖洛普的数据,对大企业“几乎或完全不信任”者的比例从1976年的26%上升到了今年6月份的39%。对于银行,这一比例则从1979年的10%上升到今天的28%。几十年来,大公司已经打破了对员工的隐性承诺,如提供终身职位和慷慨的养老金。这可能已令公众心怀怨恨。2007至的金融危机则让大企业和金融业名誉扫地。
Yet despite their customers’ distaste, big firms mint huge profits. One explanation is declining competition over the past 20 years. If markets are working, firms that are perceived to behave badly lose market share. In concentrated industries this discipline is lacking. Two recent scandals in oligopolistic bits of the economy illustrate the point. Wells Fargo, a bank, created millions of fake accounts, yet in the three months to June its year-on-year profits rose by 5%. In April a United Airlines passenger was assaulted, causing an outcry. Its underlying profits later rose by 5%, too. In such industries Americans are inured to mistreatment.
然而,尽管不受消费者认同,大公司还是创造了巨大的利润。一个解释是过去来竞争越来越少。如果市场正常发挥作用,公众眼中行为不良的公司将失去市场份额。这个规律不适用于集中的行业。最近在寡头垄断行业中发生的两桩丑闻就说明了这一点。富国银行虚开了数百万个账户,但在截至6月份的三个月中,其利润同比增长了5%。4月一名美联航乘客遭到殴打,引发强烈抗议。然而自此之后公司的潜在利润上涨了5%。在这样的行业里,美国人已经逆来顺受惯了。
Trust between firms, and between firms and investors, is more resilient, but there is evidence of greater wariness. Banks charge corporate borrowers a spread of 2.6 percentage points above the federal-funds rate, compared with 2.0 points in the 20 years before the crisis. The equity-risk premium, or the annual excess return that investors demand to hold shares rather than bonds, is 5.03 points, against a pre-crisis average of 3.45 points, notes Aswath Damodaran of the Stern School of Business at NYU.
公司之间以及公司与投资者之间的信任更为坚挺,但证据表明它们也变得更加谨慎了。银行向贷款企业收取高于联邦基金利率2.6个百分点的差价,而危机前20年这个差价只有2.0个百分点。纽约大学斯特恩商学院的阿斯沃斯·达摩达兰(Aswath Damodaran)指出,股票风险溢价(投资者持有股票而非债券时要求的年度超额收益)为5.03个百分点,而危机前的平均水平为3.45个百分点。
The median firm in the S&P 500 holds 62 cents of cash on its balance-sheet per dollar of gross operating profit, up from 45 cents in (this yardstick excludes America’s giant technology companies, which hoard money). In a sign that more corporate deals end in tears, litigation costs are rising. The revenues of legal firms rose by 103% in -2012, according to the Census Bureau, more quickly than nominal GDP growth, of 85%. And spending on corporate lobbying, a signal that firms think politicians are corruptible, has risen faster than GDP, too.
标准普尔500指数的中位数公司每产生1美元毛营业利润,就会在资产负债表上持有62美分的现金,高于的45美分(这个标准不包括囤积现金的美国技术巨头)。面对越来越多的企业交易惨淡收场的迹象,诉讼费用正在上升。根据美国人口调查局的统计,1997至律所收入增长了103%,高于85%的名义GDP增长率。企业游说支出(体现企业认为政客可收买的程度)也比GDP增长更快。
In the long term it is possible that firms could become as mistrustful as consumers. Though individual companies can gain from cronyism, overall confidence will fall if there is sustained political meddling in the courts and regulatory system. And companies as well as people can be trapped into doing business with monopolies that are inept or shifty. In 2016 Facebook said that for the past two years it had overstated how long its users watched videos for, but advertisers have little choice but to stick with the social-media firm. Its profits rose by 71% in the latest quarter.
长此以往,企业有可能变得和消费者一样多疑。虽然个别公司可以从裙带主义中获益,但如果法院和监管体系中持续存在政治干预,整体信心会下降。公司以及人们都可能不得不和无能或是诡诈的垄断公司打交道。20,Facebook称它在过去两年中夸大了用户观看视频的时间,但广告客户别无选择,只能继续使用这家社交媒体公司。最近一季度它的利润增长了71%。
If the bleak predictions of observers such as Mr Luce come true, how might America Inc adjust? One guide is the work of Ronald Coase, an economist who theorized that the boundary of a firm is set according to whether an activity is best done in-house or can be outsourced to the market. If counterparties are less reliable, and contracts expensive to enforce, firms will become “vertically integrated”, bringing their supply chain in-house.
如果卢斯等观察家的晦暗预测成真,美国公司可能如何做出调整呢?一个指导方针是经济学家罗纳德·科斯(Ronald Coase)的研究成果,他提出了一个理论,称企业的边界取决于某项活动是该内部完成还是外包给市场。如果交易对手不再可靠,执行合同的费用高昂,企业将“垂直一体化”,将供应链收进内部。
If there is deeper decay of America’s legal system and greater political corruption, then firms would go further and spread “horizontally” too, expanding into new industries where their political contacts, and access to favors and capital can be used. This is how business works in much of the emerging world.
如果美国的法律体系腐烂更深,政治腐败更甚,企业也会进一步“横向拓展”,进入新的行业以利用其政治联系和可以获得的照顾和资本。这正是大部分新兴市场的经营方式。
Gotta have faith 须有信心
America is nowhere near such an outcome, at least not yet. Still, a concerted effort to shore up trust between consumers and firms, and between firms, would be healthy. If you subscribe to Silicon Valley’s Utopianism, technology can fill the gap, manufacturing mutual faith where none existed before. Uber’s system of scoring drivers and passengers allows strangers to have confidence in each other. E-commerce sites such as eBay and Alibaba work by creating networks of trust between merchants and customers.
美国还远没到这一步,至少现在还没有。然而,通过共同的努力来增强消费者与企业之间以及企业和企业之间的信任会大有好处。如果您认同硅谷的乌托邦主义,那么技术可以弥补缺失,制造出以前不存在的相互信任。优步的司机和乘客打分系统让陌生人相互信任。电子商务网站,如eBay和阿里巴巴,都靠建立商家和客户之间的信任网络而存在。
In the end, however, government has a vital role. By enforcing competition rules, it can ensure that poor conduct is punished. And by observing the independence of courts and regulators, it can demonstrate that contracts are sacred and that firms operate on a level playing-field. Suspicion is not about to bring American capitalism to its knees. But the country’s vast stock of trust, built up over a century or more, is being depleted quickly.
然而归根结底,政府起着至关重要的作用。通过执行竞争规则,它可以确保恶劣行为受到惩罚。通过确保法院和监管机构的独立性,它可以证明合同是神圣的,公司的竞争环境是公平的。怀疑的影响还没到让美国资本主义瘫痪的程度。但是,这个国家用一个多世纪建立起来的庞大信任库存如今消耗得十分迅速。
雅思阅读高频词汇
vertically integrated 垂直整合
transaction 事务
toxic 有毒
supply chain 供应链
shareholders 股东
reputation 声誉
overarching 包罗万象的
outsourced 外包
outbreak 爆发
negotiable 可转让
implicit 隐式的
illegitimate 不合法的
financial crisis 金融危机
corrupt 腐败的
chewed over 嚼了
篇14:专家解读雅思阅读考试题型方法
matching题就是给你6句话,让你看这6句话出现在雅思阅读文章的哪一段,要做这种题就要到文章中去找,而找到的并不是这句话本身,而是对这句话进行一个同义词的替换。如果考生的'同义词词汇量不够大的话,那么这种题对他就会造成巨大的障碍。
专家解读雅思阅读考试题型2、sentence completion——完成句子
这种雅思阅读题型是给你4个句首,下面大概有12个句尾,让大家去选,同学在做这种题的时候就一个字:乱。根本就不知道自己应该干什么。
在我的课程体系中放在一个很显著的位置,教给大家怎么去面对这种题,怎么能够在临危的状态下不乱,搞定它。两种matching题,这是今年的大主流。
专家解读雅思阅读考试题型3、雅思阅读题型分布会比较平均,会考一些以前不怎么考的一些小题型
比如今年一月份的考试中,以前6个月都不会考的流程图题型,竟然在1月份的两次考试中接连考出来,而且题型分布非常平均。这样的话考生对于每一种题型的把握都有要求,不像以前集中在几大题型上。这样考生就要准备得更多更全面。
篇15:雅思阅读考试失分点介绍
雅思阅读考试失分点一:遇到生词,束手无策,无法正常进行阅读和做题
雅思阅读考试文章来源于国外原版的期刊或杂志,话题覆盖面广,科技,自然,环保,社会,文化,工作,生物,地理等无不涉及,所以遇到生词在情理之中。但一部分烤鸭遇到生词后就信心全失,慌乱至极,打破了自己原有的阅读节奏和速度,做题时也因为生词被卡壳,结果题目不仅没有解出,还影响了后面的做题速度和时间,可谓“一发动而迁全身”。对此,专家认为,生词的出现在所难免,只要大家有基本的词汇量,完全可以将生词的问题逐一击破。
A. 有时候生词属于比较专业的词汇,它们的出现不是为了考察考生的词汇量,更多的是检阅大家的应变和判断能力。尤其在题目中出现的所谓生词,更是可以坏事变好事,成为考生定位答案的线索词。
比如:在剑桥7 “Why pagodas don't fall down”一文,5-10题的分类题中第6题“tiles on eaves”,很可能考生在三个单词中有两个都不认识,这时候如何是好呢?首先,先观察这两个生词的词性。在介词“on”的前后,且分别加了“s”, 可以判断是名词。在这篇建筑类的文章中论及我们不认识的名词,想必不是日常词汇,所以完全可以把“tiles”和“eaves”作为定位词去原文寻找答案。
B. 有时候生词的含义可以在上下文中直接得到。在雅思阅读文章时遇到的生词,有相当一部分的含义可以通过多种猜测单词的方法得到,所以,在生词的周围或上下文寻找其解释不失为有效途径。
例如,剑桥4的文章“How much higher? How much faster?”中,有这样一个句子:“One of the most important new methodologies is biomechanics, the study of the body in motion.” “biomechanics”这个单词从构词法上看,我们只能够知道其和生物有关,此时,看后面的同位语部分就能很好的帮我们解释这个词的意思,直接且易懂,即对身体在运动状态下的研究。
雅思阅读考试失分点二:不能权衡做题的优先性,无法把握做题时间
很多烤鸭在面对雅思阅读考试时,都会感叹时间不够,有的考生会剩下半篇文章没有读完,更有甚者,一个小时只够用来做两篇文章。其中做题速度无法达到要求的原因有很多,词汇量,阅读方法,做题技巧无一不是。此外,还有一个很重要的因素:不会取舍,不会衡量做题的优先性。专家提示,雅思阅读3篇文章,存在难易程度的差别。考生应选择自己擅长或熟悉的话题文章优先做。而对一篇文章而言,做题顺序可以如下排布:Heading题 ---- 填空型题(表格,图示,简答,summary, 完成句子) ---- 判断题 ---- 选择型题(单选,多选),平均每篇文章的做题时间控制在20min, 如时间到,还有少量题目(1-2题)没有做完,可放宽少许时间完成。若还余留多题未完成,建议先舍弃,做下一篇文章,因为不排除下一篇文章,看似文章话题难,但题目容易的情况。难度系数高的题目在每个人面前都一样,我们希望确保容易的题目百分百的拿下。
雅思阅读考试失分点三:对题目考点把握不清,不知如何确定keywords
很多考生在平时的练习和考场上面对划keywords总是单一的跟着感觉走,或是将一道题目中大部分的词都划下来作为keywords, 完全失了方向和重点,直接导致答案很难在原文锁定。所以,keywords是对题目的浓缩,也是题目的线索词,更是考点。考生们应该在平时的课堂和练习中,多加总结考点词的特点,以达到用一到两个词就涵盖整个题目的效果。利用keywords定位答案,更集中目标,更有方向性。
例如:在剑桥7,“Why pagodas don't fall down”的分类题中,“size of eaves up to half width of the building”, 这道题目看似比较长,信息多,其实如果了解数字是一个考点,就能果断划出half这个keywords, 并且根据做题经验,预测到其在原文必定会变换形式成fifty percent。如果在原文寻找答案前就把握了以上这些,找起来自然速度快了许多。
无论考试还是练习,错误在所难免,失分也是情理之中,但如果我们能从失分点中获得经验和新的认知,失分点会骤变为优势。雅思阅读的提高不仅仅是话题单词的记忆,题型技巧的掌握,如果能从错误中学习总结,相信会更加有效。
篇16:雅思阅读考试失分点介绍
第一步:考生拿到阅读试卷后应该首先应该闭上眼睛,稳定一下自己的情绪。因为很多考生反映由于做听力时过于兴奋,在阅读考试时无法稳定自己的情绪,结果导致阅读考试时十八般武艺未充分发挥。在此也提醒考生,切勿在考官喊“开始”之前翻开试卷答题。因为这将被考官视为作弊,有的考生被直接赶出考场,取消其考试资格;还有的考生被考官记下名字,并在名字后注明“扣一分”;当然也有考生比较幸运,考官虽然记下其名字,但后来却未算其作弊;因为怎样惩罚考生有是取决于很多因素的,如考官心情、性格等。
第二步:待考官说“开始”后,考生们要做的是浏览三篇文章的文章标题,看自己对哪篇文章的话题最为熟悉,然后选择最为熟悉的一篇开始做。有的考生按照试卷给出的文章的顺序依次做,结果第二篇文章的话题是其最陌生的,结果考生花费25分钟来做题,但有的题目依然未找到答案,结果导致第三篇文章虽然狂简单,但时间不够,最后剩的几道题只能猜答案,结果可想而知。
其实阅读考试的答题时间是60分钟,每篇文章要求是用20分钟,但并未规定三篇文章要先做哪篇;并且雅思阅读文章涉及的都是大众科学,对于熟悉的话题,有的题目可以直接利用常识做出,根本不用看文章,如剑7 Ant Intelligence中的判断和摘要、剑 5 Flawed Beauty: the problem with toughened glass 中的摘要及剑六The Search for the Anti-aging Pill中的配对题;对于熟悉话题的文章,题目不用20分钟就可以完成,这样就可以把时间留给话题最不熟悉,最难的那一篇。(提醒考生,如果有的文章没有标题或标题不理解,旁边会有插图帮助理解)
快速理解雅思阅读文章的7大步骤
首先略读每章或每页的大概内容,例如:可从书本的序言和目录开始,通常作者会在序言中交代撰述的重点及动机,而目录则可帮助你了解课本的组织架构及章节层次;阅读课文的名称 title,主题 main headings 及副题 sub-headings;注意每一主题的头一句,导言 introduction 和本章提要 summary(如果有的话),图片说明 captions to all graphics 等,这样,你不用十五分鐘便对内容有概略的了解。
快速理解雅思阅读(2)提出一个全面的问题Write a general question
观察课文内容后,提出一个包含所有阅读资料的问题,把问题写在每章节的开首,令自己可以看到此问题时,便忆起全部内容。
快速理解雅思阅读(3)提出各别问题来引导阅读Write questions to guide your reading
当你看到主题、副题、图片及首句时,由此而提出有关问题,写在题目或图片旁边,帮助你阅读文章内容。
快速理解雅思阅读(4)寻求问题的答案Read to answer the questions
阅读章节时,尽量跟随你的问题来找答案,把握课文重点。
快速理解雅思阅读(5)在答案下划线Underline words that answer the question
在了解一段内容后,找出解答问题的重要字key words及短语phrases,并划记下来。在划记时可选用荧光笔,既方便又快捷。
快速理解雅思阅读(6)修正问题 Revise the questions
如果在阅读时,发现问题并未得到解答或不明确,可重新写下问题,并将有关答案的字词划记。再重读文章,遇到不明白的地方,再请教导师或同学。
快速理解雅思阅读(7)举一反叁Use examples
当你理解全文时,便可将知识整理起来,同时,学习类推的方法,将知识应用于其他类似事情或日常生活上,利用联带关係,才能把文章内容融会贯通,大大提高你的阅读兴趣和能力。例如:当银行利率提高时,会使银行的存款利息增加,而你可能会联想到投资受影响,或是你会类推更多其他事项。
雅思阅读同义词的转换技巧解读
Question 1:什么词才会被同义替换?
其实,连基础较好的考生也会对paraphrase犯怵这一事实本身就已经反映出来问题——paraphrase并不是靠使用高级词汇来考人的。正相反,理论和时间都可以证明,越容易进行同义替换的往往不是那些“相貌丑陋”的难词、怪词,而是那些非常生活化,很“亲民”的小词。
由于paraphrase的定义即为以不同的词表示同样的意思,而往往又是以更常见、更小的词来表示意思,就以为这paraphrase和原文相比通常会占据更多的篇幅。这样一来,当一个相对艰深晦涩的概念好不容易找到paraphrase的时候,其所占用的空间就是不能被忽略的一个问题了。
而在雅思考试的format下,每道题目仅仅占用非常有限的空间,这客观上导致对于深词、难词、怪词、术语等paraphrase的难度加大。换句话说,就是
雅思考试同义替换的使用一般仅限针对相对高频和常用的表达。
antidisestablishmentarianismistically(反非国教主义论者地。笔者注)
很难想象,像如下这样的一个单词会在有限的试题空间中进行有效的替换:,这也就意味着,越是难的单词,越是罕见的表达,我们反而不需要担心其被同义替换。如果考题真的涉及到某个大、难、偏的怪词,那么几乎可以肯定在文章里一定会原文再现。
所以,其实对与基础较好的考生和较差的考生,所面对的潜在paraphrase是一样的!那为什么前者也会比较受困呢?
答案很简单。他们没有真正有效掌握重用的高频的词汇和表达。事实上,正是这样一些概念和表达由于其常用性,在日常生活中存在着极其大量的替换说法。而我们众多的考生往往因为轻视低级别的词汇,造成知其一不知其二,只了解皮毛的不利局面。这肯定会造成paraphrase识别的困难的。那么就有了第二个问题:
Question 2:怎样才能有效识别同义替换?
由于上面所提到的原因,解决词汇阅读过程中的识别问题,首先应该加强对高频和常用词的掌握。事实上,越是常用的词,词义越多,词性也越多。如果仅仅满足于看到后能反应出一个意思,显然不能够称得上对该单词的有效把握。
对高频、常用单词的有效把握,是提高paraphrase能力的基础。
这意味着,对于相对较生僻的单词,只需要了解一两个词义也许就已经够了。因为这些词本身的搭配和用法都是有限的。而对于高频词则需要多词义、多词性同时把握。
解决了词汇认知的信息储备问题,仅仅做了一半的工作。有效的识别paraphrase,同时需要对paraphrase的编写做到心里有数。
熟悉paraphrase的常见类型,是提高其识别能力的有力武器。
那么同义替换的常见类型有哪些呢?一般说来,我们可以从如下几个方面来进行转述表达:
1. 同义词、反义词的替换
2. 词序的替换
3. 句子结构的替换
篇17:雅思阅读各部分考试分类介绍
雅思阅读各部分考试分类介绍
第一部分:雅思阅读简介
雅思阅读考试分学术类和培训类两种,分别针对申请留学的学生和计划在英语语言国家参加工作或移民的人士。三篇文章40道题目总共用时60分钟,包括将答案誊写到答题卡上的时间。
学术类(A类)阅读考试形式:IELTS考试阅读(学术类)部分共有三篇文章,考生需要回答40道题目。每一篇文章所需要回答的问题数量并不相同。每一道问题相对应一个分数。文章内容和题目均出现于问卷中。
培训类(G类)阅读考试形式:IELTS 考试阅读(培训类)部分共有三部分,文章难度由浅至深,考生需要回答40道题目。第一部分有14道题目,通常包含2到3篇短文或者若干段文字(如广告 等)。第二和第三部分分别有13道题目。第二部分通常有2篇文章,第三部分则为一段较长的文章。文章内容和题目均出现于问卷中。
第二部分:雅思阅读文章来源
我们都知道,雅思阅读文章多从世界著名的网站杂志报刊中选取,但是了解具体是哪些网站吗?下面就给大家分享一下,大家可以在休闲的时候多浏览一下上面的文章,对大家雅思阅读备考非常有帮助。
一、雅思阅读A类的文章大部分选自国外人文类、经济类和科学类的知名报纸、杂志或各政府、组织的研究报告。例如:
1. New Scientist 这本杂志被用到的频率最高,如剑四中的Lost for Words, Play is a Serious Business,剑五中的What’s So Funny?, Flawed Beauty: the Problem with Toughened Glass,和剑六中的多篇文章 Australia’s Sporting Success, Climate Change and the Inuit, Graying Population Stays in the Pink, Do Literate Women Make Better Mothers?
2. The Economist 列居其次,如剑五中的The Truth about the Environment, 剑六中的Delivering the Goods
3. 还有American Scientist和Scientific American这两个主要的美国学术期刊,例如剑五的Disappearing Delta和剑六的The Search for Anti-aging Pills
4. 当然还有National Geographic。但是值得注意的是,因为这是休闲杂志,所以只作为了G类的阅读,如剑六中的Pterosaurs
除了以上提到的若干来源之外,雅思A类的阅读文章还出自Nature, Discover, Time (Europe), Boston Global, History Today等其余期刊或杂志。至于是哪次考试的哪篇文章,由于敏感原因在这里就不在透露。
二、G类的阅读中前两部分通常是实用性强的功能性短文,如菜单、产品说明、通知、住宿安排和广告等,非常贴近西方的实际生活。这就要求考生们争取每天阅读一定 量的原版英文报刊、书籍,如time、reader’s digest等,尤其注意其中的各种各样的广告。并非要读懂每一个字,或完全理解,只要能理解其中大至含义既可。
了解这些雅思文章出处之后对于广大考生平时进行泛读训练具有很好的指导作用。考生可以从以上杂志期刊的官方网站上搜索到相关背景文章进行有针对性的阅读训练。
第三部分:雅思阅读文章类型
雅思阅读难备考,可能是因为文章的专业性。毕竟大多数同学平时都不太会深入了解一些自然类科技类医学类……相关领域的最新知识。因为背景知识的 缺乏,很多考生花费大量时间来理解文章,而导致做题时间紧张。所以,烤鸭们在平常的备考中要对一些不熟悉的领域涉猎一下,增强自己的背景知识理解能力。
雅思阅读文章分类如下:
1. 关于欧洲及世界社会发展,经济状况,科学动向以及文化交流的文章
自1995年雅思考试的题型做出重大改革以后,有两条原则就被命题的剑桥大学考试委员会(UCLES)反复强调非专业原则和国际化原则。为了使 不同地域,不同政治经济体制,不同肤色,不同文化背景的人能平等且毫无理解困难地参与雅思,法律及专业性较强的医学,生物学,哲学,文学,艺术等的文章已 经不再作为雅思的考查范围。
就可能涉猎的文章类型而言,以下几个方面的内容经常作为考点出现:
世界范围的就业状况
语言学,考古学,生物学,简单医学(单词量不会影响对文章的理解)
世界范围内的教育状况,经济发展的问题,机遇及挑战(粮食,能源)
女权注意及女性歧视问题
环境保护(海洋,生物,陆地,森林等)及环境污染(化学,石油泄漏等)
种族,民族问题
人口爆炸及居住问题,城市化及相关问题(交通拥挤,设施缺乏,噪声等)
2. 关于地球,自然界的科学现象及地理现象的文章
这种文章类型在I中最为普遍,其涵盖面之广无从细分,但就最近一年以来考试文章分析,主要还是以下几种类型:
太空,宇宙概况,以及外星生物探讨等
全球气候变暖,厄尔尼诺,洋流异常,臭氧层破坏
地球灾难,火山爆发,地震,彗星撞地球,森林大火,生物灭绝
3. 人类历史发展中重要事件,重要人物及重要标志性产品
这也是雅思中经常出现的一种重要的文章类型,但自开始对重要人物的考查总是和重要事件交织在一起,不再单独罗列。人类历史上的重大发明和表明人类文明辉煌成就的重大事件也是重点考查内容(发明电视,电影,计算机及登陆月球)。
第四部分:雅思阅读文章结构
雅思阅读的学术性决定了其深度和难度,却也限制了文章的结构、使其必须符合一定的学术规范。学术性文章的写作对象可以天南海北、作者观点可以光 怪陆离,但是行文论证必须规范严密,所以雅思阅读的层次结构相对固定。就目前出版的十本剑桥雅思系列而言,学术类阅读大致可分为两类:说明文和议论文。其 中,说明文从客观的角度介绍或陈述一个既定的事实,议论文则通常针对某个特定的问题进行分析和论证,有时一并提出解决的方案。
雅思阅读练习:What make of Justin Bieber
Justin Bieber
He’s the YouTube sensation who turns 17 next month, making him the youngest singer to top the American Billboard Charts since Stevie Wonder in 1963. He has already earned nearly £100 million, and analysts claim he’s the most influential person on the internet, ahead of Barack Obama. But unless you’re an eight-year-old girl (or living in close proximity to one), you’re likely to be a bit vague on the whole Justin Bieber phenomenon.
Just who is this Canadian cutie pie with the spray-on mop top and the cartoon grin? Did he deserve the Brit award (for best international breakthrough artist) we gave him earlier this week? And what’s the secret of his appeal to the hordes of hopelessly devoted “Beliebers” who’ll be screaming and swooning their way through his new 3D movie, Never Say Never, when it opens in British cinemas tomorrow, and packing concert venues when he tours here next month?
Like most child stars, Bieber inherited his ambition. His mother’s dreams of an acting career were derailed when she became pregnant with him at 18. Although she kept in contact with his father, Pattie Mallette raised her boy alone, working in a series of low-paid office jobs in Stratford, Ontario.
Little Bieber discovered a passion for music early. In the movie, fans will coo over home video of him, aged about five, staring out from beneath a floppy blond fringe and announcing, “Mummy, this is how I drum!”, before banging out a tight, enthusiastic rhythm on a cheap kitchen chair. He taught himself to play the piano, guitar, drums and trumpet, came second in a talent contest at 12 and began uploading videos of himself to YouTube. That summer, he set down his guitar case in front of a theatre and made almost $3,000 busking covers of songs by his R&B heroes, Usher and Ne-Yo. In a rather adorable, role-reversing moment, he used the money to take his mum on holiday to Disneyland.
Meanwhile, those homemade YouTube videos had been spotted by aspiring music executive Scooter Braun. Mallette, a devout Christian, was hesitant because Braun is Jewish. “God, I gave him to you,” she is reported to have said. “You could send me a Christian man, a Christian label!” But after praying with church elders, she decided to hand Braun the reins of her son’s career. And Braun had a strategy ready to roll. “I wanted to build him up more on YouTube first,” he has said. “We supplied more content. I said: 'Justin, sing like there’s no one in the room. But let’s not use expensive cameras.’ We’ll give it to kids, let them do the work, so they feel like it’s theirs.”
雅思阅读材料:Chevron's dirty fight in Ecuador
石油污染的树木
The giant oil corporation has been fined $8.6bn for an environmental disaster that has been called 'the Amazon's Chernobyl'. But guess what? It may end up paying nothing
No regrets, no apologies and not a penny in damages. The US energy giant Chevron came out fighting last night after a court in Ecuador ordered it to pay $8.6bn (£5.3bn) in fines and clean-up costs, plus $900m reparations, to the victims of oil pollution that fouled a swathe of Amazon rainforest along the country's remote north-eastern border.
The sum was the largest ever levied in an environmental lawsuit anywhere in the world.
Supporters of the indigenous villagers who brought the case said they were celebrating a landmark victory in the wider battle to hold multinational corporations to account for their conduct overseas.
Chevron will not be admitting defeat, however. Its lawyers, who have already spent 18 years and tens of millions of dollars contesting the lawsuit, pledged yesterday to appeal against the fine through every conceivable legal avenue, on at least three continents. In statements, the oil company branded Ecuador's legal system corrupt and “illegitimate”, and said the court's ruling formed part of a vast “extortion scheme”. A spokesman for Chevron claimed that the fine, imposed by a judge in the town of Lago Agrio, was “unenforceable in any court that observes the rule of law”.
Chevron's lawyers have already filed appeals and counter-suits related to the case in six US courts. The company no longer has assets in Ecuador, so it intends to force the plaintiffs to pursue it internationally if they wish to see any of the damages. Chevron is also attempting to take the case to arbitration at a tribunal in the Netherlands.
A New York judge, Lewis A Kaplan, took the extraordinary step last week of pre-emptively blocking any financial judgment against the US-based company, anywhere in the world, for at least 28 days. He suggested that attempts to collect Chevron's assets might disrupt the day-to-day business of a company that was vital to the global economy.
That the dispute has reached this heady stage is hardly surprising, given both its enormous complexity and the vast amounts of money now at stake. The case stretches all the way back to 1964, when Texaco entered a partnership with Ecuador's state oil company, Petroecuador, to extract oil from the country's remote Oriente region.
During almost 30 subsequent years of exploration, billions of gallons of waste oil and water were dumped into open pits, fouling fishing grounds, damaging crops, killing farm animals and leading to an increase in cancer cases among residents of villages in the region. So severe was the damage that the fallout has been widely described as “the Amazon's Chernobyl”. Experts appointed by the Ecuadorean courts have calculated that the pollution from the oil wells killed at least 1,400 people.
When Texaco pulled out of the country, in 1992, it agreed to spend roughly $40m cleaning up some of the damage. Shortly afterwards, the first version of the current lawsuit was filed against Texaco in New York by lawyers representing 47 named residents of the region.
In , Texaco was bought by California-based Chevron, which became America's second-biggest oil firm but inherited the still-ongoing lawsuit in the process. In , its lawyers successfully argued that the case should be heard in Ecuador. It has taken almost eight years for it to come to court. In that time, the fate of the 47 plaintiffs, who are seeking damages for 30,000 fellow members of their community, has become an international cause clbre, gaining the support of Hollywood stars such as Darryl Hannah. The lawyer who represents the residents, Pablo Fajardo, won the Goldman Environmental Prize in for his work on the case.
Mr Fajardo called Monday's 188-page ruling, which will roughly double the £5.75bn fine if Chevron does not admit wrongdoing in the next 14 days, a “triumph of justice”, saying he was only disappointed that the level of damages wasn't higher. “Today's judgment affirms what the plaintiffs have contended for the past 18 years about Chevron's intentional and unlawful contamination of Ecuador's rainforest,” he added. “Rather than accept that responsibility, Chevron has launched a campaign of warfare against the Ecuadorean courts and the impoverished victims of its unfortunate practices.”
Despite its earlier efforts to have the case held in Ecuador, Chevron now claims that the local court system is institutionally corrupt. Using undercover investigators with hidden recording devices, it claims to have found proof of illegal collusion between the plaintiffs and the judges. “The evidence of fraud on the part of the plaintiffs' lawyers is overwhelming,” said a spokesman. “We intend to see that the perpetrators of this fraud are held accountable for their misconduct.”
Analysts think it unlikely that Chevron, which reported earnings of $19bn last year, will agree to pay any damages, since the cost of continuing to appeal is far less than the amount it would have to pay to settle. However, the row may be taking some of the gloss off its performance: while shares in BP and Shell rose yesterday, Chevron's stock was down by about 1 per cent in early afternoon trade in New York.
篇18:12月新英语六级考试题型介绍及详细解析
12月新英语六级考试题型介绍及详细解析
改革之后的六级英语考试会在教学上更契合大学英语的教学要求,也会调整学生英语学习的侧重点,但却并不会根本脱离它之前所扮演的角色。毕竟,目前中国的社会需要这样一个权威的英语考试标准来作为学校和用人单位衡量人才英语水平的标准。语言测试是一个工具,而工具本身并没有错,我们所要做的是如何科学、合理地使用它。
新设计的试题题型中第三部分变动较大,将原来15分的词汇与结构改为改错与翻译,现在就公布的样题对综合部分做一些介绍与分析。
听力
新六级听力中包含有四种不同的题型,分别是短对话、长对话、段落听力理解和听写,其中比较有新意,构成一定的备考难度的是长对话题型。这种题型依旧借鉴国外成熟考试的模式,它让考生所听的内容加长,要捕捉信息的难度也在加大。但是,这种题型只是从短对话到段落理解的一种过渡。相比较而言,段落理解的难度可能还要更大一些,在给出的三篇短文听力理解样题中,第二篇讲到了美国的国鸟白头鹰,其中讲到了杀虫剂DDT对这种珍惜动物的危害,而第三篇讲到了眼泪的作用,其中出现了lubricate这个在听力中不算简单的词汇。听力理解的复习,还是应该强调基本的'听力段落的理解和听写能力。特别需要指出的是,听写能力的培养是广大同学比较容易忽视的一个方面,很多单词我们可能听得懂,甚至都能念的对,但是不一定写得准。这就要求我们平时在记忆单词方面,对于听力常考单词的拼写一定要多加注意。
阅读
阅读理解是新六级中变化最大的一块。原来单调的“看文章,选答案”的考试样式部分保留,而新出现的快速阅读无疑是考试的一个亮点。考生被要求在15分钟内浏览1000字以上的一篇文章,同时还要做4个“对、错、未提及”的判断题,还要再接再厉做6个填空,这样快节奏的考试,对很多奉行“一慢二看三选择”解题思路的同学来说无疑是个打击。而另外短文问答的部分,也更加强调了考生写英文的能力。从中看出,“读写综合考察”是改革后四六级的基本思路。
改错
新六级考试“改错的目的是测试学生综合运用语言的能力”。改错中的很多错误其实就是很多学生在平时写作时经常犯的错误。比如说意义形式容易混淆的词,搭配错误的词,词性,时态,语态,数,格等方面的错误。可以说,改错考查了考生的综合能力。
改错形式有以下三类:
1、错词(words mistaken)。在标有题号的一行中有一词在词法、搭配或词义等方面有错误,要求考生找出错误并换上正确的词(change a word),这类错误在所有错误中占绝大多数。
2、缺词(words missing)。在标有题号的一行的任何位置缺了一词,要求考生按语法、搭配或上下文语义的需要找出缺词的位置并补上所缺的词(insert a word)。
3、多词(words redundant)。在标有题号的一行中有一词按语法、搭配或上下文语义要求纯属多余,要求考生认定该多余的词并划去(cross out a word)。
短文共有10处错误,但究竟哪一行多一词,哪一行缺一词或错一词,则没有任何规律和标记。历年考题的统计资料表明,绝大多数改错设计为错词一类。其主要原因除了命题因素外,更由于这类错误形式难度较大,并更能考查考生的实际语言驾驭能力。
改错规则:不论是错词,缺词或多词,考生在改错时只能动一个词。除了掌握一些应试技巧外,考生应在自身语言基本功,尤其是语言的准确使用方面提高自己。具体来看,改错题的主要错误类型有主谓不一致、时态和语态错误、连接词误用、形容词与副词错误、反义词误用、非谓语动词错误、关系代词错误、介词错误、缺漏和赘述、句子结构等等。考生在做改错题时,首先应通读短文,对文章有个大致的了解。
然后,仔细读出现10个错误的所在行,一般来说,每个错误基本都可以归入上述的某一个错误类型,看有没有出现语法错误和词汇错误。有时甚至要联系该行所在的自然段,这时的重点必须转移到对文章的理解上来,从上下文的关系找出连接关系和逻辑关系的前后矛盾的错误。最后应再通读一篇改正后的文章,看整篇文章总体上是否连贯一致。作为主观题,应避免如字迹潦草、书写不规范、拼写错误等。
翻译
新六级中,写作和翻译部分分值比例为20%。其中,写作部分15%,翻译部分5%。翻译,虽然翻译也是往年六级考试备选题型之一,但近年来并没有在测试中出现过。从样题看出,这一题型发生了重大变化,由考查英译汉转变为考查汉译英。翻译部分测试的是句子、短语或常用表达层次上的中译英能力。
和其他翻译考试不同(例如考研的翻译考察的是篇章结构中局部句子的英译汉),六级翻译将很少涉及翻译的深层技巧与文化背景知识。因此,虽然该部分以汉译英的命题形式出现,考点的实质仍是基础知识,如果考生备考时能够牢固掌握核心的词汇、语法等知识点,拿到汉译英部分分数应该是相对容易的。但是需要注意到的是,汉译英部分的做题时间只有5分钟,这就意味着考生必须对知识点掌握足够熟练,满足考题在测试速度上的要求。
总之,就新六级中只占5%的翻译而言,它的实质是变相的测试词汇、语法和短语结构。考生无需钻研翻译技能和英美文化背景知识。
写作
四六级改革中,作文是唯一没有改动的部分。作文,在出题方式上将基本沿袭稳健、成熟的出题风格。按照以往的思路,考试作文大致可分为四大类:1、原因现象对策;2、正反论证;3、图表及漫画;4、热点话题。本次样题采用的是6月的作文题目,原因现象对策类文章。
篇19:雅思G类阅读11种题型和技巧介绍
雅思考试阅读(培训类)共有三部分,文章难度由浅至深,考生需要回答40道题目。第一部分有14道题,第二和第三部分分别有13道题。
第一部分通常包含2到3篇短文或者若干段文字(如广告等)。第二部分通常有2篇文章,第三部分则为一段较长的文章。文章的内容和文体各有不同,难度最深的为第三部分的内容。
文章介绍
第一部分的内容选自通知、广告、时间表、宣传品、以及其它类似的内容。第二部分的内容选自大学招生简章、课程介绍、大学课程介绍、图书馆指引、规定、以及其它类似的内容。第三部分的内容选自报纸、杂志、期刊、小说或非虚构的书籍、以及其它类似的内容。所有文章总计长度约在2400字左右。
题目形式
雅思考试阅读部分(培训类)有11种基本的题型,部分题型还会有其它的变化形式。
题型1 选择题
题型2 多项配对
题型3 填空
题型4 完成句子
题型5 完成笔记、总结、或流程图
题型6 完成总结
题型7 为段落或文章的部分选择相对应的小标题
题型8 寻找信息
题型9 判断作者观点、看法或文章中的具体信息
题型10 分类
题型11 配对
题型一选择题
题目可能已经给出句子的前半部分,考生需在选项中选择一个最佳的方法答案完成这个句子。题目也可能是一个完整的问题,考生需在选项中选择一个最佳的答案。考生需从四个可供选择的答案A、B、C或D中选择一个最佳的答案。题目的顺序与相对应的信息在文章中出现的顺序是相同的。
这种题型可能出现的形式有:
有时考生需从多于四个可供选择的选项中进行选择,也有可能需选择不止一个作为正确答案。另外,也有可能在一组问题的末尾再提出一个总括性的问题,如为文章选择一个最适合的标题。
题型二多项配对
题目将给出数个选项,考生需将这些可供选择的选项与文章节选或段落进行对应。文章节选或段落用字母所标注,会出现某些选项不被选择的可能,或者有些选项会被用到不止一次。多项配对题考察的是考生在阅读时使用跳读和扫读技巧寻找特定信息的能力。
题型三填空
这种题型要求考生回答关于文章中具体的、事实性的信息的问题,考生需在问卷上填写多个单词或数字进行作答。一般来说,题目的指示会说明“从文章中选取不超过三个单词和/或一个数字作答”,但有些时候是“一个单词”、或“不超过两个单词”、或“四个单词”。数字可以用阿拉伯数字、也可以用文字的形式填写。如果考生填写了超过问题指示中所要求的字数,即使所填的内容中包含正确的答案,也会被扣分。缩写的单词不会被作为考试的内容。带有连字符的单词按照一个单词计算。
这种题型要求考生能够有效地进行跳读,在文章中寻找相关的段落,并能够有效地进行扫读,寻找相关的句子并对详细信息进行仔细阅读。题目的顺序通常是经过了编排的,所以答案出现的顺序通常来说是与文章的顺序相同的。
题型四完成句子
第一种形式:考生需按照要求的字数完成一个从文章中抽取出来的句子。
第二种形式:题目中给出了前半个句子(该句与文章内容有关),考生需从若干个选项中选取合适的内容完成这个句子。考生有时需要多次使用某一个选项作答。
如果是第一种形式,题目的指示中会说明考生最多可以使用多少个单词。最常见的指示会说明“用不超过三个单词和/或一个数字作答”,但有些时候是“一个单词”、或“不超过两个单词” 、或“四个单词”。数字可以用阿拉伯数字、也可以用文字的形式填写。
如果考生填写了超过问题指示中所要求的字数,即使所填的内容中包含正确的答案,也会被扣分。缩写的单词不会被作为考试的内容。带有连字符的单词按照一个单词计算。在考生需填写单词完成句子的题目中,单词必须是直接从文章中选取的。如果是第二种形式,考生需从若干个答案中选择最佳的答案进行作答,并将答案所对应的字母填写在答卷上。选择的答案数量比问题的数量要多。
在几乎所有需要将句首和句尾进行配对的题目里,可供选择的句尾的语法都是符合语法规则的。考生需按照意思来将句首和句尾进行配对,而不是通过语法。文章中题目出现的顺序是与文章的顺序相同的。
题型五完成笔记、表格或流程图
考生需要使用一个或多个单词来填写笔记、表格或流程图里的空格。题目的指引中会清楚地说明需选择一个词、不超过两个词、三个词或者四个词等。这种题型要求考生需能够有效地进行跳读,在文章中寻找相关的段落,并能够有效地进行扫读,寻找相关的句子并对详细信息进行仔细阅读。对于这种题型来说,答案通常会集中出现在文中某一部分,而不是散落在整篇文章中。
第一种形式:考生需从题目所提供的一组单词和词组中选取合适的一个单词或多个单词进行填空,可选择的单词或词组数量会比需要填写的单词的数量要多。
第二种形式:没有可供选择的单词,考生需从文章中选取一个单词或词组进行填空。
题型六完成总结
考生需要使用一个单词或者多个单词来填写笔记、表格或流程图里的空格。如果考生需从文章中选取单词或数字进行填空,题目的指引中会清楚地说明需选择一个词、不超过两个词、三个词或者四个词等。对于这种题型来说,答案通常会集中出现在文中某一部分,而不是散落在整篇文章中。
这种题型最常出现在雅思考试阅读(培训类)的第三部分,但也有可能出现在其他部分。完成总结的对象可能是整篇文章也可能是文章的一部分。有时题目会给出总结所需的小标题,可以帮助考生找到需要进行总结的部分。需要总结全文的题目是考察考生寻找要点的能力,需要总结部分文章的题目考察的是考生寻找补充性的细节信息。
第一种形式:考生需从题目所提供的一组单词和词组中选取合适的一个单词或多个单词进行填空,可选择的单词或词组数量会比需要填写的单词的数量要多。
第二种形式:没有可供选择的单词,考生需从文章中选取一个单词或词组进行填空。
题型七为段落或文章的部分选择相对应的小标题
题目会给出一组小标题,这些小标题对应文章中的部分段落。考生需将这些小标题与具体的段落进行配对。通常考生需要对7-8个小标题进行配对,而文章可能有不止7-8个段落,有一些小标题可能已经作为示范进行了配对。小标题的数量总是比段落的数量要多,而且每个小标题只能使用一次,所以考生需要进行仔细思考再选择。这种题型考察的是考生区分要点和补充性细节信息的能力。
题型八寻找信息
在这种题型中,题目出现的顺序与信息出现的顺序是不相同的。考生不一定需要在每一段文章中寻找信息。但考生有可能需要在同一个段落里寻找不止一个信息,在这种情况下,题目的指引中会对此进行说明。这种题型考察考生在段落中寻找特定信息的能力。
考生需要寻找的信息包括:
特定信息
某种事情/事物的例子
事件等发生的原因
一个描述
一个总结
一个解释
其他
题型九判断作者观点、看法或文章中的具体信息
题目会提供一组表示意见/看法,或是事实性信息的陈述。这种题型考察考生进行跳读、扫读和对细节进行阅读理解的能力。
针对意见或看法,考生需回答这些陈述是否符合或反映了作者的观点或看法。答案的形式有“是”(YES)、“否”(NO)、或“无从判断”(NOT GIVEN)。
针对事实性信息,考生需回答这些陈述是否与文章中的信息一致。答案的形式有“一致”(TRUE)、“不一致”(FALSE)、或“无从判断”(NOT GIVEN)。
题型十分类
题目会提供一组信息、以及数个类别,这些类别用一个或多个字母代表。考生需根据信息的共性将这些信息归类到各个类别中。这种题型考察考生能否区分文中信息之间的关系和关联,最常见于涉及事实性信息的文章中,如说明文。考生需要进行跳读和扫读以寻找相关的信息并对细节进行阅读理解。
题型十一配对
题目会提供一组内容,如原理、观点、人名、地名、物品等。考生需将这些内容与一组选项中的相应内容进行配对。题目指引中会对是否需要使用多次进行配对进行说明。这种题型考察考生进行跳读和扫读的能力,以及阅读理解文中某一部分要点的能力。
提示:
应仔细阅读题目的指示和说明,这些信息会告诉你在哪里寻找答案、需要如何回答问题、以及答案字数的限定。题目里的指示还会说明答案是否可以多次使用,并提醒你把答案转抄到答卷上。
注意大多数的题型下,题目出现的顺序和信息在文章中出现的顺序都是一致的。
进行扫读练习,以便能在文章片段中快速寻找与题目相关的关键词。你也可以用扫读练习在段落中寻找关键词。
在大多数情况下(如填空题),你所填写的答案需符合正确的语法要求,正确的单词拼写和词组搭配是非常重要的,出现错误是要被扣分的。
在大多数情况下,你可以在文章里找到需要填写的单词,并应将这个词正确仔细地抄在答卷上。运用笔记、表格、图表或流程图中的内容以及范例来预测答案所涉及的信息的类型。
在辅导课上,与同学和老师讨论每种题型下答案可能出现的形式。
在阅读的时候将关键词和词组用下划线标记出来,并注意题目中的关键词与文中关键词的联系。
熟悉同义词以及带有概括作用的词汇,这可以帮助你找到相关信息。
练习如何用不同的方式表达相同的意思和信息。
思考某些信息之间有什么共性、又有什么不同之处。
练习相关的阅读技巧,如跳读、扫读,用于寻找信息。
有些考生认为只有做题才能帮助提高成绩,因此陷于题海战术。这并不能让考生按照希望的那样快速提高成绩,这对备考和英语学习是不利的。备考的过程中应该广泛阅读不同的材料,如报纸、期刊、杂志和书籍,并利用这些资源为备考服务。
注意熟悉不同的文体,并且练习如何更好地理解这些文体。在练习中熟悉所有雅思考试阅读(培训类)的题型。
要注意阅读的方法不止一种。有的考生会一字一句地慢慢地仔细阅读,并把所有的生词划出来,还因为这些生词而打断了阅读的连贯性。你应该明确,考试的主要任务是找到题目的答案,因此考试中运用的阅读技巧与你需要记忆内容时所用的阅读技巧是不同的。考试过程中不应过于担心出现的生词,同时应该在平时多加练习如何根据上下文的语义来猜测生词的意思,尽量不要用字典查每一个生词。
在任何时候都要认真阅读题目的指示。有些题型是会有不同的变化形式的,如果不明确题目的要求,你是很容易出现混淆而导致出错的。
在阅读的时候应该注意时间限制。如果某个题目你一时找不到答案,就应该继续做下一道题目,避免在某一道题目上花费过多的时间。
注意不要过于依赖于从文中寻找某个词来作答。你应该练习如何改述、在文中找到改述的内容。
遇到那些题目出现的顺序与文章顺序一致的题型,要记得你是无须返回前文寻找每一个问题的答案的。
雅思G类阅读做题技巧和方法
IELTS普通培训类阅读考试时间为60分钟,共40道题,分为三部分,难度递增。第一部分考日常事务(social survival),主要包含与生活密切相关的实用文本,要求考生能够定位和辨别一般事实性信息。一般为两篇文章,每篇文章各有一种题型。第二部分考培训内容(training survival),一般与某种语言类或实用类短期或长期培训有关,与第一部分相比,语言稍复杂一些,表达法更多样。一般考两篇文章,各一种题型。第三部分为一般的说明文(general reading),题材广泛,篇幅较长,议论文一般不在考试之列。考一篇文章,题型在三四种左右。
关于做题步骤,有两种常见的思路:一种是仔细阅读文章,然后依次做题;另一种是直接做题,回原文找答案。两种方法各有利弊。
先看文章后做题的好处是首先对全文有个全局性的了解,知道其内容大意,做起题来比较容易定位,但可能会出现因看文章用时过多而影响做题时间,或是看完了文章做题的时候发现文章里的许多地方并没有考到的弊端。另一方面,许多考生因为阅读速度慢,害怕题做不完,而跳过文章,直接做题,根据题干信息回原文寻找答案。这种方法在做简单题时,效率相当高,但若涉及难题,就有可能出现在原文难以找到对应段落的情况。如果题目的顺序并不与文章的顺序严格对应,考生也可能会倍感困惑,难以定位。在这里,我们建议采用一种简便易学的四步做题法:
1. 看题目要求(instructions)及题目的共同点,以决定看文章的详略程度
如果是考headings,则主要抓主旨;如果是考matching,则主要在人名、地名等大小写及其他特殊印刷字符处做标记;如果是TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN,则注意细节。
2.扫描文章(scanning),标出段落核心词
重点浏览文章标题、每段话的小标题、所附图表的说明,以及特殊印刷字符(大写、下划线、斜体字、数字)。快速浏览每一段,抓住主题句,也就是每一段话的中心句。一段话当中其他的句子是对主题句的扩展、说明或解释。在普通培训类文章中,主题句通常位于每段话的开头或结尾。若主题句不易辨别,则可在每一段话的核心词旁做标记。核心词许多情况下是名词或这一段话中重复出现或后面有指代关系的词或短语。
寻找并理解主题句或核心词非常重要。这不仅是明白文章大意和中心思想所必需的,而且也是做细节题时定位的基础。
浏览所用时间因人而异,在一篇建议用时20分钟的文章中,大约为6至8分钟。浏览的时候切记抓主题、抓核心,不要纠缠于细节,碰到不懂的单词或短语就跳过去,因为目的是要把握文章的总体脉络和要意思。
3.看题,划出每道题的核心词,回原文定位(scanning)
按照题目的要求,回到原文进行针对性阅读,定位具体信息。关键是分析题目的主干,判断此题应该对应文章的哪一段。根据题目的核心词寻找它在文章的相应位置,有时能找到原词,有时找到的是该词的同义表达,例如题目涉及return times,文中可能为the time to get back。然后仔细阅读文中对应信息,对于无关信息,则忽略。碰到不懂的单词,则根据上下文进行推断。
4.答疑时,如需选择的进行选择,如需填空的,从文中选取相应的内容,如是TURE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN,则进行信息之间的比较。
最后应留出两三分钟的时间来检查答案。重新思考一下不太肯定的答案。看看答案是不是符合题目的要求,并确认所有的答案都已填写答题纸的相应位置。
雅思阅读材料大集合:睡姿的秘密
Foetus
婴儿睡姿
Those who curl up in the foetus position are described as tough on the outside but sensitive at heart. They may be shy when they first meet somebody, but soon relax. The foetus is the most common sleeping position, with women more likely to adopt this position than men。
采用婴儿睡姿的人一般是外刚内柔型的人。初次见面时,他们可能会非常腼腆,但很快就会放松下来。婴儿睡姿是最常见的睡姿,一般来说,女性比男性更多地采用这种睡姿。
Starfish
海星睡姿
Lying on your back with both arms up around the pillow. These sleepers make good friends because they are always ready to listen to others, and offer help when needed. They generally don't like to be the centre of attention。
海星睡姿就是仰躺,两手臂上举放在枕头两边的这种睡姿。采用这种睡姿的人会交很多好朋友,因为他们随时准备聆听他人,帮助他人。这类型的人一般不喜欢成为人们关注的中心。
Freefaller
自由落体睡姿
Lying on your front with your hands around the pillow, and your head turned to one side. Often gregarious and brash people, but can be nervy and thin-skinned underneath, and don't like criticism, or extreme situations。
自由落体睡姿就是俯卧,双手放在枕头上,头朝向一边的睡姿。保持这种睡姿的人喜欢交际,性子急,但在私下里,他们会比较敏感而且脸皮薄。他们不喜欢批评或极端的情况。
Soldier
士兵睡姿
Lying on your back with both arms pinned to your sides. People who sleep in this position are generally quiet and reserved. They don't like a fuss, but set themselves and others high standards。
士兵睡姿就是仰躺,手臂放在身体两侧的睡姿。采用这种睡姿的人通常都比较安静保守。他们不喜欢大惊小怪,对自己和别人都要求很高。
Yearner
向往型睡姿
People who sleep on their side with both arms out in front are said to have an open nature, but can be suspicious, cynical. They are slow to make up their minds, but once they have taken a decision, they are unlikely ever to change it。
向往型睡姿就是侧卧,双臂向前伸展的睡姿。采用这种睡姿的人性情开放,但疑心较重,容易愤世嫉俗。他们做决定时很慢,一旦做出决定,绝不轻易改变。
Log
树干睡姿
Lying on your side with both arms down by your side. These sleepers are easy going, social people who like being part of the in-crowd, and who are trusting of strangers. However, they may be gullible。
树干睡姿的姿势是这样的:身体靠一边平躺,双臂位于身体两侧。采用树干睡姿的人易相处,好交际,喜欢成为人群中的一部分,而且容易相信陌生人。但是,他们也比较容易上当受骗。
雅思阅读材料大集合:无线网络辐射或降低男性精子活力
Working on a laptop wirelessly may hamper a man’s chances of fatherhood。
In a study, sperm placed under a laptop connected to the internet through wi-fi suffered more damage than that kept at the same temperature but away from the wireless signal。
The finding is important because previous worries about laptops causing infertility have focused on the heat generated by the machines。
In the latest study, researchers took sperm from 29 men aged 26 to 45 and placed them either under a wi-fi connected laptop or away from the computer。
The laptop then uploaded and downloaded information from the internet for four hours。
At the end of the experiment, 25 percent of the sperm under the laptop had stopped moving and 9 percent showed DNA damage。
By comparison, just 14 percent of samples kept away from the wi-fi stopped moving. And just 3 percent suffered DNA damage, the journal Fertility and Sterility reports。
The wireless connection creates electromagnetic radiation that damages semen, the scientists, from the United States and Argentina, believe。
Lead researcher Conrado Avendano, of Nascentis Medicina Reproductiva in Cordoba, said: ‘Our data suggest that the use of a laptop computer wirelessly connected to the internet and positioned near the male reproductive organs may decrease human sperm quality。
‘At present we do not know whether this effect is induced by all laptop computers connected by WiFi to the internet or what use conditions heighten this effect.’
A separate test with a laptop that was on, but not wirelessly connected, found negligible EM radiation from the machine alone。
According to the American Urological Association, nearly one in six couples in the US have trouble conceiving a baby, and about half the time the man is at the root of the problem。
While the impact of modern technology is still murky, lifestyle does matter, researchers say。
Earlier this month, a report in Fertility And Sterility showed that men who eat a diet rich in fruit and grains and low in red meat, alcohol and coffee have a better shot at getting their partner pregnant during fertility treatment。
使用接入无线网络的笔记本电脑可能会造成男性不育。
在一项研究中,放置在开通无线网络的笔记本下面的精子比放在同一温度下但远离无线信号处的精子受损程度更深。
这项发现很重要,因为之前关于笔记本电脑引起不育的矛头都指向电脑产生的热量。
在这项研究中,研究者收集了29名年龄在26到45岁之间的男子的精液,并将其分别放在连接无线网络的笔记本电脑下面和远离电脑的地方。
接着,笔记本电脑连续四个小时在网上上传下载信息。
实验结束时,放在笔记本电脑下面的精子中,有25%不再游动,另有9%DNA受损。
而远离电脑的精子中,只有14%不再游动,并且仅有3%出现DNA损伤。这项研究报告发表在《生育与不育》期刊上。
来自美国和阿根廷的科学家认为,无线网络产生的电磁辐射会损害男性精子。
阿根廷科尔多瓦生殖医学中心的负责人康拉多?埃芬达诺说:“我们的数据显示,如果把联通无线网络的笔记本放在靠近男性生殖器的地方,会损害精子质量。”
“目前尚不清楚是否所有笔记本连接无线网络时都会产生这种影响,也不清楚何种使用方法会加剧这种作用。”
在另一项实验中,研咳嗽被共饬苛丝簟⒌挥薪油ㄎ尴咄绲牡缒苑淞浚⑾终馐钡牡绱欧浼负蹩梢院雎圆患啤
美国泌尿协会统计的数字显示,有近1/6的美国夫妇不孕不育,其中一半的原因在男方。
研究人员称尽管现代科技的影响还不清楚,但是生活方式至关重要。
本月早些时候,《生育与不育》的一项报告显示,在生育治疗中,多吃水果和谷物,少吃牛羊肉,少喝酒和咖啡的男性让伴侣怀孕的机会更高。
雅思G类阅读11种题型和4个技巧介绍
篇20:雅思阅读考试完成句子题型答题方法和步骤
1. 详细阅读答题指引,获取必要的答题信息。
2. 参考例句,确定答题形式。
3. 利用语法知识确定句子缺失部分。
4. 仔细查看所给句子的含义,并找出关键词语。
5 利用所给部分的.关键词语在文章中找出相关句子。
6. 在文章中的相关句子里,选取缺失部分。
如果完成句子题型是以多重选择的形式出现,那么则要将选择答案部分列为问句的一部分,从中选取所需的关键词语,逐个与文章中相关句子进行匹配
以上就是关于雅思阅读完成句子题型答题方法和答题步骤的全部内容,非常详细清晰。雅思阅读完成句子题型出现的次数不是很多,但是还是需要大家格外的用心,才能真正掌握。最后,雅思预祝大家在雅思考试中取得好成绩!
★ 初二英语教学反思
★ 初二英语教学反思
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