附录二 初中常用词组 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)（共12篇）由网友“凑齐八个汉字才行”投稿提供，下面就是小编给大家带来的附录二 初中常用词组 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)，希望能帮助到大家!
篇1：附录二 初中常用词组 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
附录二 初中常用词组
a bit (of) 少量，一点
a bottle of 一瓶……
after a while 过了一会儿
after class 课后
a glass of 一杯……
a kind of 一种，一类
a little 一点，少量
all by oneself 独立地，单独
all day 一整天，一天到晚
all over 遍及
all right 好的，行
all the same 仍然，还是
all the time 一直，总是
all the year round 一年到头
a lot 很，非常
a lot of 许多，大量
a moment ago 刚才
and so on 等等
agree with 同意某人意见，符合，一致
a pair of 一对，一双
a piece of 一片，一张，一块
a place of interest 名胜
as if 好像，似乎
ask for 请求，询问
as soon as 一……就……
as soon as possible 尽早地，尽快地
as usual 像平常一样
as well 也，同样地
at all 一点也不
at breakfast 早餐时
at first 起先，首先
at home 在家
at last 终于，最后
at least 至少
at night 在夜里，在晚上
at once 立刻，马上
at school 在上学
at sea 在海上
at the age of… 在……岁时
at the beginning of 在……开始的时候
at the end of 在……结尾，在……尽头
at the same time 同时
at times 有时，偶尔
a waste of time 浪费时间
base on 以……为根据
be able to 能够
be afraid of 害怕
be amazed at 对……感到惊讶
be angry with 对某人发脾气
be busy doing 忙着做……
be excited about 对……感到兴奋
be filled with 充满……
be full of 充满……
be/get lost 迷路
be good at 在……方面好，善于
be interested in 对……感兴趣
be pleased with 对……感到满意
be proud of 以……自豪
both…and… ……和……都
by air/ by plane 乘飞机
by sea 乘船
by ship 乘船
by the time 到……时候
by the way 顺便说，顺便问一下
carry on 坚持下去，继续下去
come along 来，随同
come down 下来，落下
come in 进来
come on 来吧，跟着来，赶快
come out 开花，发芽，出现，出来
come over 过来，顺便来访
come true 实现
come up with 找到，提出(答案办法等)
cut down 砍倒
do one’s best 尽最大努力
do one’s homework 做作业
do (some) reading 阅读，朗读
do well in 在……方面干得好
drop off 放下……，下车
eat up 吃光
enjoy oneself 过得快乐，玩得痛快
even though 即使
ever since 从那时起，此后一直
fall asleep 入睡，睡着
fall behind 落在后面
fall down 倒下，跌倒
fall off 从……掉下
far away 遥远
field trip 野外旅游
find out 找出，查出
for example 例如
from… to… 从……到……
get back 回来，取回
get down 下来，落下
get married 结婚
get together 相聚
get off 下来，从……下来
get on 上车
get on well with 与……相处融洽
get to 到达
get up 起床
give a concert 开音乐会
give… a hand 给……帮助
give birth to 生(孩子)
give up 放弃
go back 回去
go boating 去划船
go fishing 去钓鱼
go hiking 去徒步旅行
go home 回家
go on doing 继续做某事
go out 外出，去外面
go over 复习，仔细检查
go shopping 去买东西
go skating 去滑冰
go to bed 睡觉
grow up 长大，成长
had better do 最好做……
hand in 交上来
hands up 举手
have a cold 感冒
have a cough 咳嗽
have a (good) rest 休息
have a good time 过得快乐
have a headache 头痛
have a look 看一看
have a seat 坐下，就坐
have a try 尝试，努力
have sports 进行体育活动
have supper 吃晚饭
have to 不得不，必须
hear of 听说
help yourself to 自取，随便吃点……
help…with… 在某方面帮助某人
here and there 到处，处处
hold a sports meeting 举行运动会
hold on 等一等，别挂断电话
how long 多久
how many/much 多少
hurry up 赶快
in a hurry 匆忙地
in fact 实际上
in front 前方，正对面
in front of 在……前面
in future 将来
in the air 在空中
in the day 在白天
in the end 最后
in the future 今后，将来
in the open air 在户外，在野外
in this way 用这种方法
instead of 代替
just now 刚才，不久前
keep doing 一直做某事
knock at / on 敲门、窗等
later on 后来，稍后
laugh at 嘲笑
learn from… 向……学习
leave behind 把……留在，遗留在
less than 少于，不到
Let’s go 我们一起去吧。
Let me see. 让我想一想。
live on 继续存在，继续活着
look after 照顾，照看
look at 看，看着
look for 寻找
look like 看上去像
look out 留神，注意
look over 仔细检查
look the same 看起来很像
look up 向上看，查阅
lots of 许多
make a contribution to 贡献给……
make a decision 做出决定
make a mistake 犯错误，出错
make a noise 吵闹
make faces 做鬼脸
make friends 交朋友
make money 赚钱
make room for 给……腾出地方
make telephone calls 打电话
make the bed 整理床铺
make sure 确保，确认
make up one’s mind 下决心
more and more 越来越
more or less 或多或少，多少有点
more than 多于，……以上，比……更
morning paper 晨报
multiply…by… ……乘以……
neither…nor… 既不……也不……
next to 相邻，靠近
no longer 不再
no matter 不论
not…any more 再也不
not at all 一点也不
not only…but also 不仅……而且……
of course 当然
on duty 做值日
on earth 在地球上
one day 有一天，某一天
on foot 走路，步行
on one’s way to 在……途中
on show/display 陈列，展出
on the left 在左边
on time 准时
once upon a time 很久以前
open up 开设，开业，开放
over there 在那边
pass on 传递
pay for 付钱，支付
pick up 拾起，捡起
play a joke on 戏弄人
point to 指向
prefer to… 宁愿……
prefer…to… 更喜欢……不喜欢…….
put away 把……收起来，放好
put down 放下
put on 穿上，上演，放唱片等
put up 挂起，举起
put off 推迟
rather than 宁可
regard…as… 把……当作……
right now 立刻，马上
ring up 打电话
run away 逃跑，流失
rush out 冲出去
say goodbye to 告辞，告别
send up 发射
set off 出发，动身
shut down 把……关上
sit down 坐下
slow down 放慢
so far 到目前为止
sooner or later 迟早，早晚
so that 以便，以致于
speak highly of 称赞
take / leave a message 捎(留)口信
take a seat 就座
take care of 照料，注意
take exercise 锻炼，做运动
take off 脱下，飞机起飞
take one’s place 坐某人的座位，代替某人职务
take out 取出
take part in 参加
take photos 照相
take time 花费时间
take turns 轮流
talk about 交谈，谈论关于……
talk with/to 跟……交谈
teach oneself 自学
thanks to 由于，幸亏
the day after tomorrow 后天
the day before yesterday 前天
the more, the better 越多越好
the same as… 和……相同
think about 考虑
think of 认为，想起
This way, please. 请这边走。
throw about 乱丢，抛散
to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是
too…to 太……而不能
trip over 被……绊倒
try on 试穿
try out 尝试，试验
turn down 关小，调低
turn on 打开(电门、煤气、自来水等)开关
turn off 关(电门、煤气、自来水等)开关
turn…over 把……翻过来
up and down 上上下下，来来回回
used to do 过去常常，过去曾经
wait for 等候
wake up 醒来，叫醒
well done 做得好
write down 写下来，记下来
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇2：附录二 高中常用词组 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
附录二 高中常用词组
a bit (of) 少量，一点
a bottle of 一瓶……
a glass of 一杯……
a great deal of 很多的；大量的
a great many 许许多多；极多
a kind of 一种，一类
a little 一点，少量
a lot 很，非常
a lot of 许多，大量
a moment ago 刚才
a number of 若干；一些
a pair of 一对，一双
a piece of 一片，一张，一块
a place of interest 名胜
a series of 一连串的；一系列；一套
a variety of 种类繁多的
a waste of time 浪费时间
according to 按照；根据……所说
act as 担当；充当；扮演
act out 把……表演出来；把……付诸行动
adapt to 适应(新环境等)
advise sb. (not) to do sth. 劝某人做某事
after all 毕竟
after a while 过了一会儿
after class 课后
ahead of (在空间或时间上比某人、某物) 更前；更早
aim (sth.) at 旨在；瞄准
all by oneself 独立地，单独
all day 一整天，一天到晚
all of a sudden 突然地；冷不防；意外地
all over 遍及
allow for 顾及，为……做准备
all right 好的，行
all the same 仍然，还是
all the time 一直，总是
all the way 一直；一路上
all the year round 一年到头
and so on 等等 (表示列举未尽)
agree with 同意某人意见，符合，一致
around the corner (常与 just 连用) 即将来临；在拐角处
as far as I know 就我所知
as if 好像，似乎
as a result of 作为(……的)结果
ask for 请求，询问
as soon as 一……就……
as soon as possible 尽早地，尽快地
as though ( = as if) 好像
as usual 像平常一样
as well 也，同样地
as well as 也；还；而且
at all 一点也不
at breakfast 早餐时
at first 起先，首先
at first sight 乍一看；初见之下
at hand近在手边；在附近
at home 在家
at last 终于，最后
at least 至少
at most 至多
at night 在夜里，在晚上
at once 立刻，马上
at present 现在；目前
at school 在上学
at sea 在海上
at the age of… 在……岁时
at the beginning of 在……开始的时候
at the end of 在……结尾，在……尽头
at the mercy of 任由……摆布或控制
at the same time 同时
at times 有时，偶尔
base on 以……为根据
be able to 能够
be addicted to 沉溺于
be afraid of 害怕
be amazed at 对……感到惊讶
be angry with 对某人发脾气
be aware of 知道；意识到
be busy doing 忙着做……
be / get engaged to sb. 与某人订婚
be excited about 对……感到兴奋
be filled with 充满……
be full of 充满……
be / get lost 迷路
be good at 在……方面好，善于
be interested in 对……感兴趣
be made up of 由……组成
be on good terms (with sb.) (与某人) 关系好
be pleased with 对……感到满意
be proud of 以……自豪
be satisfied with 对……表示满意或满足
because of 因为；由于
believe in 信任；信仰；支持；赞成
belong to 属于；是……成员
benefit from 从……中获益
both…and… ……和……都
break away from 摆脱；脱离
break down 毁掉；坏掉；中止
bring… back to life 使苏醒；使生动；使活泼
bring in 引进；引来
bring sb back 送回某人
burn down (使) 烧成平地；烧毁
by air / by plane 乘飞机
by sea 乘船
by ship 乘船
by the time 到……时候
by the way 顺便说，顺便问一下
call for 要求；需要
call in 召集；打电话
call on 访问；号召；邀请
call up 召唤；使人想起；调动 (力量、人员等)；提出 (议案等)；(给……) 打电话
calm (sb.) down (使某人) 镇静；(使某人)平静；(使某人) 宁静
carry on 坚持下去，继续下去
catch a glimpse of 瞥见
catch fire 着火；开始燃烧
change one’s mind 改变主意
cheer (…) up (使) 感到振奋；(使) 感到高兴
cool off 变凉；冷却；冷静
come about 发生
come across 偶然遇见；碰到
come along 来，随同
come down 下来，落下
come in 进来
come into being 出现；形成；产生
come on 来吧，跟着来，赶快
come out 开花，发芽，出现，出来
come over 过来，顺便来访
come to terms with 某心忍受 (不愉快的处境)
come to life (变得) 活泼；苏醒过来
come true 实现
come up with 找到，提出(答案办法等)
communicate with sb 与…交流
consist of 由……组成；由……构成
contribute to… 为……作贡献 (或捐款)；有助于……；向……投稿
cool off 变凉；冷却；冷静
cut down 砍倒
cut off 切掉；切断；突然中止
date back 回溯至
day and night 日日夜夜地
deal with 处理；安排
depend on 依靠；信赖；取决于
devote… to… 献身于……
die down 变弱；平息；消失
die of 病 (饿、冻) 死
dig up 挖出；掘起
do one’s best 尽最大努力
do one’s homework 做作业
do (some) reading 阅读，朗读
do well in 在……方面干得好
draw one’s attention (to) 吸引某人的注意
dream of 梦想；梦到
dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰
drive off 把 (车) 开走；赶走；击退
drop off 放下……，下车
drop sb a line 给某人写信(通常指写短信)
eat up 吃光
end up with 以……告终
enjoy oneself 过得快乐，玩得痛快
even if 即使；纵然；虽然
even though 即使
ever since 从那时起，此后一直
every now and then 不时地
except for 除了……以外
fall asleep 入睡，睡着
fall behind 落在后面
fall down 倒下，跌倒
fall in love with… 爱上……
fall off 从……掉下
far away 遥远
field trip 野外旅游
fill up with… 用……装满
find out 找出，查出
for example 例如
for once 就这 (那) 一次
for the moment 暂时；目前
free from 不爱……的影响；没有……的
from then on 从那时起
from… to… 从……到……
get around ( = get about) 四处走动；活动
get away from 逃离
get on one’s feet 站立起来
get back 回来，取回
get down 下来，落下
get married 结婚
get stuck 遇到困难；陷进去
get together 相聚
get off 下来，从……下来
get on 上车
get on well with 与……相处融洽
get / be tired of 对……感到厌倦；对……失去兴趣
get to 到达
get up 起床
get used to 适应于……；习惯于……
give a concert 开音乐会
give… a hand 给……帮助
give birth to 生(孩子)
give in 让步；投降
give off 释放；放出
give up 放弃
go about 开始做；着手于
go back 回去
go boating 去划船
go by 过去；走过
go camping 宿营
go down on one’s knees 跪下
go fishing 去钓鱼
go hiking 去徒步旅行
go home 回家
go on doing 继续做某事
go on with 继续某种行为
go out 外出，去外面
go over 复习，仔细检查
go sailing 驾船航行；进行帆船运动
go shopping 去买东西
go skating 去滑冰
go through 通过；经受；仔细检查
go wrong 走错路；误入歧途；不对头；出毛病
go to bed 睡觉
go up 上升；增长；攀登
grow up 长大，成长
had better do 最好做……
hand in 交上来
hands up 举手
have a cold 感冒
have a cough 咳嗽
have a (good) rest 休息
have a good time 过得快乐
have a headache 头痛
have a look 看一看
have an effect on 对……产生作用；对……有效果
have a seat 坐下，就坐
have a try 尝试，努力
have mercy on 对……表示怜悯
have sports 进行体育活动
have supper 吃晚饭
have to 不得不，必须
hear of 听说
help yourself to 自取，随便吃点……
help…with… 在某方面帮助某人
here and there 到处，处处
hold a sports meeting 举行运动会
hold on 等一等，别挂断电话
hold together (使) 连在一起；(使) 团结一致
hold up 举起；拿起；举出
how long 多久
how many/much 多少
hurry up 赶快
in a hurry 匆忙地
in all 总共；总之
in case (of) 假设；万一
in common 共同(的)；共有(的)
in danger 在危险中；垂危
in fact 实际上
in front 前方，正对面
in front of 在……前面
in future 将来
in honour of 为向……表示敬意；为庆祝……；为纪念……
in one’s opinion 按照……的看法
in order 按顺序；整齐
in order to 为了
in preparation for 为……做准备
in public 公开地；公然
in ruins 成为废墟；遭到严重破坏
in store 贮藏着；准备着；就要来到
in terms of 就……而言
in the air 在空中
in the day 在白天
in the eyes of 在……看来
in the end 最后
in the future 今后，将来
in the open air 在户外，在野外
in the wild 在自然环境下
in this way 用这种方法
in total 总共
in trouble 处于困境中
in turn 转而；反过来；轮流
in vain 徒劳；白辛苦
insist on 坚持 (做)
instead of 代替
join hands 携手；联手；合伙
just now 刚才，不久前
keep doing 一直做某事
keep in mind 记住
keep in touch with… 与……保持联系
keep track of 保持联系
keep up with 跟上；赶上
knock about <口> 接连打击；(浪等) 冲击 (船等)；碰撞
knock at / on 敲门、窗等
later on 后来，稍后
laugh at 嘲笑
lead to 导致某种结果
learn from… 向……学习
leave alone 不打扰；不理会
leave behind 把……留在，遗留在
leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑
lend a hand 帮助
less than 少于，不到
Let’s go 我们一起去吧。
Let me see. 让我想一想。
light up 照亮；使放光彩；点上 (烟等) 吸起来
live on 继续存在，继续活着
live through 度过；经受住
live with 忍受；与……住在一起
lock sb up 将某人锁于某处不得进出；将某人监禁起来
look after 照顾，照看
look at 看，看着
look for 寻找
look into 调查；观察
look like 看上去像
look on… as 把……看作
look out 留神，注意
look over 仔细检查
look the same 看起来很像
look up 向上看，查阅
look up to 尊敬；钦佩
lots of 许多
make a choice 做出选择
make a contribution to 贡献给……
make a decision 做出决定
make a difference 有关系；有影响
make a living 谋生
make a mistake 犯错误，出错
make a noise 吵闹
make faces 做鬼脸
make friends 交朋友
make fun of 取笑；嘲笑
make jokes about sb 以某人为笑柄
make money 赚钱
make oneself at home 别客气
make room for 给……腾出地方
make telephone calls 打电话
make the bed 整理床铺
make the most of 充分利用；充分展示
make sure 确保，确认
make fun of 取笑；嘲笑
make up one’s mind 下决心
more and more 越来越
more or less 或多或少，多少有点
more than 多于，……以上，比……更
morning paper 晨报
multiply…by… ……乘以……
neither…nor… 既不……也不……
next to 相邻，靠近
no longer 不再
no matter 不论
not…any more 再也不
not at all 一点也不
not only…but also 不仅……而且……
now and then 时而；不时；偶尔
of course 当然
on all sides 在各方面；到处
on board 上船厂 (或火车、公共汽车、飞机等)
on duty 做值日
on earth 在地球上
on end 直立；竖着
on fire 失火
one day 有一天，某一天
on foot 走路，步行
on holiday 在度假
on one’s way to 在……途中
on sale 出售；减价
on show/display 陈列，展出
on the left 在左边
on the air 正在播出的
on the contrary 正相反
on the other hand 另一方面
on time 准时
once upon a time 很久以前
open up 开设，开业，开放
ought to 应当；应该
over there 在那边
owe sth to sb 把……归功于某人
pass on 传递
pay attention to 注意；留意
pay back 偿还；报答
pay for 付钱，支付
pay off 还清 (债务等)；付清
pick out 挑出；辨别出
pick up 拾起，捡起
play a joke on 戏弄人
play a trick on sb. 开某人玩笑；欺骗某人
plenty of 许多；大量的
point to 指向
prefer to… 宁愿……
prefer…to… 更喜欢……不喜欢…….
protect sb / sth from 保护、保卫某人(某事物)
pull down 拆毁；摧毁；推翻
pull sb up 把……往上拽
put an end to 结束
put away 把……收起来，放好
put down 放下
put forward 提出；建议；推荐
put… in prison 把……投入监狱
put on 穿上，上演，放唱片等
put out 出版；生产；扑灭；关掉
put up 挂起，举起
put off 推迟
put together 把……结合成一整体；装配
rather than 宁可
regard…as… 把……当作……
regardless of 不理会；不顾
relate sb. / sth. 理解或同情某人 (某事物)
relate (…) to (与……) 有关；涉及
rely on 依靠；信赖；指望
right now 立刻，马上
ring up 打电话
roll over 翻转；倒转
roll up (使) 成卷 (或筒、球) 形
run away 逃跑，流失
rush out 冲出去
say goodbye to 告辞，告别
see sb off 到火车站、飞机场等处为某人送行
send for 使某人来到；要求将某物取来或送到
send up 发射
serve as 作为；当作
set an example to 为……树立榜样
set aside 把……置于一旁；留出；拨出
set foot (in) 到达；进入；踏上
set free 释放
set out 出发；上路
set up 设立；创立
set off 出发，动身
shut down 把……关上
sit down 坐下
slow down 放慢
so far 到目前为止
sooner or later 迟早，早晚
so that 以便，以致于
speak highly of 称赞
stand for 代表；代替；象征；支持
stare at 盯着
start with 以……开始
stay away 不在家；外出
stay in touch with 与……保持联络
stay up 不睡；熬夜
such as 例如
suffer from 遭受 (痛苦、疾病、损失等)
take action 采取行动
take a look at 看
take / leave a message 捎(留)口信
take a chance 冒险；碰运气
take a seat 就座
take advantage of 对……加以利用
take care of 照料，注意
take exercise 锻炼，做运动
take in 欺骗；摄取
take measures 采取措施
take off 成功；成名；脱掉(衣服)；(飞机)起飞
take one’s place 坐某人的座位，代替某人职务
take out 取出
take over 接受；接管
take part 参加
take part in 参加；参与 (某事物)
take photos 照相
take place 发生
take time 花费时间
take possession of 占有；占领
take turns 轮流
talk about 交谈，谈论关于……
talk with/to 跟……交谈
teach oneself 自学
tear down 弄倒某物；拆除某物
tear up 撕毁；取消 (合同等)
tear up 撕毁；取消 (合同等)
test on 在…… (身上)做试验
thanks to 由于，幸亏
the day after tomorrow 后天
the day before yesterday 前天
the more, the better 越多越好
the same as… 和……相同
think about 考虑
think highly of 对……高度评价
think of 认为，想起
This way, please. 请这边走。
throw about 乱丢，抛散
throw light upon 阐明某事；使某事显得非常清楚
to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是
tongue twister 绕口令
too…to 太……而不能
trial and error 反复实验；不断摸索
trip over 被……绊倒
try on 试穿
try out 尝试，试验
turn around 转过身；转过来
turn down 关小，调低
turn...into… 把……变成
turn on 打开(电门、煤气、自来水等)开关
turn off 关(电门、煤气、自来水等)开关
turn out 结果 (是)；证明 (是)；原来 (是)
turn…over 把……翻过来
turn to 开始干；求助于；转向
up and down 上上下下，来来回回
upside down 颠倒着；倒转着
use up用完；用尽
used to do 过去常常，过去曾经
wait for 等候
wake up 醒来，叫醒
watch out 注意；当心
well done 做得好
what if 倘使……将会怎样；即使……又有什么要紧
wipe out 擦洗……的内部；去除
work on 继续工作
write down 写下来，记下来
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇3：高考常见词组辨析 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
高考常见词组辨析专题
1. must和have to
这两个词均表示“必须”，must常偏重主观意志，而have to偏重客观需要。must一般只用于一般现在时和将来时态，而have to则有更多的时态。例如：
We must get up at six o’clock every day. 我们每天必须六点钟起床。
It is no time, we have to get up in a hurry. 没有时间了，我们必须快点起床。
We must follow the Party forever. 我们必须永远跟着党走。
He said he would have to go with her the next day. 他说他第二天得和她一道去。
2．almost 和nearly
这两个词意思均为“几乎”、“差不多”。但从程度的角度上说almost更接近些，感情色彩也更浓。在与表示否定意义的词never、nobody、no one、nothing、nowhere、none连用时，要用almost，不能用nearly。但可以说not nearly，而不能说not almost。例如：
It’s nearly time . 时间快到了。
It’s almost time. 时间马上就到了。
Almost nobody knew the accident that happened in the street yesterday.
几乎没有人知道昨天发生在街上的那起交通事故。
3 . the number of 和 a number of
the number of 意为“……数目”，用单数谓语动词。a number of 意为“许多的”、“一些”，用复数谓语动词。例如：
A number of students visited the factory last month. 上个月许多学生参观了那个工厂。
The number of the students of our school is more than three thousand. 我校学生的人数是三千多。
4. go to sleep 和 go to bed
go to sleep 意为“入睡”，指睡着了，表示状态。go to bed 意为“去睡觉”，指上床去睡觉，表示动作。例如：
We usually go to bed at eleven. 我们通常十一点上床睡觉。
I found that he had gone to sleep. 我发现他已经睡着了。
5. receive 与 accept
receive（vt.）意为“接受”，没有主观色彩，指收到了送来的东西。accept（vt.）意为“接受”，指乐意接受，强调主观愿望。例如：
She received a gift from him, but she refused to accept it.
她收到了他的礼物，但她拒绝接受。
I received a letter from America yesterday. 昨天，我收到了一封来自美国的信。
I accepted the advice of his. 我接受了他的建议。
6. at the end of 和 in the end
at the end of 意为“在……的末尾”、“在……的末端”。in the end意为“最后”、“最终”是finally和at last的同义词。例如：
After ten months, he finished his work in the end. 十个月以后，他最终完成了工作。
There is a shop at the end of the street. 在街的尽头有一家商店。
7 well和good
两词均译为“好”。当两词都为形容词时，good常用作定语。如用作表语时，后面常与介词for连用。well为形容词时， 多用作表语，指身体好。也可用作定语。例如：
Spring is a good season. 春天是个好季节。
Milk is good for children. 牛奶对儿童有益。
When I saw him, he looked well. 我见到他时，他显得很健康。
He is not a well man. 他不是一个健康的人。
well还为副词，而good的副词也是well。例如：
He finished his homework well. 他的家庭作业完成得很好。
8. sleep和asleep
sleep(v.) 动词“睡觉”。asleep(adj.)形容词“睡着的”、“沉睡的”，只用作表语，表示某人睡着了。也常置于名词后，作补语。例如：
The baby sleeps well. 这个婴儿睡得很熟。
Mother is asleep in the next room. 妈妈在隔壁房里睡着了。
asleep也常与fall连用。例如：
he has fallen asleep. 他已经睡熟了。
9. have been to 和 has gone to
have been to… “曾到过……”指曾到过某地，说话时人已经回来。have gone to “到……去了”指已到某地去了，说话时，人已不在这里了。例如：
I have been to Japan. 我曾到过日本。
You can’t see him. He has gone to Tianjin. 你见不到他了， 他已经去天津了。
10. sometimes、sometime和some time
sometimes（adv.）意为“有时”、“不时”是频度副词，用作状语。sometime（adv.）意为“某时”、“日后”，副词，用作状语。some time意为“一些时候”，副词短语，用作状语（也可用作名词性短语）。例如：
I have been waiting for you for some time. 我已等了你一些时候了。
I’ll come to see you sometime next week. 下周，我会来看你的 。
Sometimes I get up late, sometimes I get up early. 我有时起得早，有时起得晚。
11. in the corner 、on the corner 和at the corner
三个词均为“在……角”。in the corner 为“在……角里”；on the corner为“在……角上”“在……拐角上”； at the corner为“在……角边”。下图可表示三个词的区别：
in the corneron the corner (on)at the corner
例如：The bank is on (at) the corner. 银行就在拐角上。
In the corner of the office stands a desk, on the corner of which lies a bag.
在办公室的角落有一张桌子，在桌角上放着一个口袋。
corner作“拐角”解，与之搭配的介词，美国英语多用on，英国英语通常用at；corner作角(即180o以内的角)解时与之搭配的介词用in，在……内部的“角”，习惯上用in the corner of….
例如：误：The girl sat at the corner in the classroom
正：The girl sat in the corner in the classroom.
那个女孩子坐在教室的角落里。
训练1、Don’t sit the corner of the table.
A. on B. in C. to D. at (A)
2. The boy sat _____ the corner of the room.
A. at B. in C. on D. to (B)
3. People came _____ the four corners of the earth.
A. in B. at C. from D. on (C)
4.The house stands ____ the corner.
A. from B. to C. in D. on (D)
典型错误例析
1. 承蒙相助，不胜感激。
误：That’s very kind to you to help me.
正：That’s very kind of you to help me.
析：在得到对方帮助、善待时， 你要表示自己的感激之情，常用 That(It) is very kind of you (to do sth.)。而be kind to 意为“（某人）对（某人）好”。
2．我想尽可能早点见到他。
误：I would like seeing him as soon as possible.
正：I would like to see him as soon as possible.
析：would like =’d like, 用来表示“想要、希望、愿意“，后跟动词不定式，不跟动名词。
3．我对他的汉语有些担忧。
误：I’m worried for his Chinese.
正：I’m worried about his Chinese.
析：“对……担忧”应用 be worried about 。
4．两个月太长了。
误：Two months are quite a long time.
正：Two months is quite a long time.
析：表示重量、时间、长度、价值等的名词作主语，尽管是复数形式，但仍作为一个整体看待，动词一般用单数形式。如：
Ten dollars is enough. 十美元够了。
5．全家人打算在那儿呆两个月。
误：The whole family are going there for two months.
正：The whole family is going there for two months.
析：在这里family指整个家庭，所以动词用单数形式。试比较：My family are very well. 我全家都很健康。（这里指家庭成员，动词用复数）
6．我看见他们正在踢足球。
误：I saw them play football.
正：I saw them playing football.
析：在see、hear、watch等动词后，既可接不带to 的动词不定式，又可带现在分词作宾语补足语，但它们所表示的意义不同。用不定式时说明动作发生了，即动作的全部过程结束了。用现在分词表示动作正在发生，即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束。
7．我对科学感兴趣。
误：I’m interesting in science.
正：I’m interested in science.
析：interesting “令人感兴趣的”，可用作标语，其主语是物，也可以用作定语，修饰人或物。interested“感兴趣的”，常用于be(become) interested的结构，主语是人。
8．她没乘车去，而是步行的。
误：She went there on foot instead by bus.
正：She went there on foot instead of by bus.
正：She didn’t go there by bus. She went there on foot instead.
析：instead“代替”，表示前面的事情没有做，而是做了后面的事，一般位于句首或句尾，但不能位于句中，且不能接并列成分。instead所在的那个句子一般是肯定形式，前面的那个句子一般是否定形式。而instead of具有否定意义，后可接一个并列成分。
9．那个男孩有那么多奇怪的问题。
误：The boy had such many strange questions.
正：The boy had so many strange questions.
析：表示“这样（那样）多”，可用so many（用于复数可数名词）或so much（用不可数名词）。它们是固定搭配，so 不能用such代替。
10．请让他把音量调小点儿。
误：Ask him to turn off it, please.
正：Ask him to turn it down, please.
析：表示通过使用开关或调节器，将电器或类似用品（收音机、电视机等）的声音、亮度等调低、关小，用turn down, 其中down是副词，若是代词作宾语时，则要把代词放在turn和down之间。
11．下周我将乘飞机去上海。
误：I’ll fly to Shanghai by air next week.
正：I’ll fly to Shanghai next week.
正：I’ll get to Shanghai by air(plane) next week.
析：fly to some place =go to some place by air(plane), 它不能再与by air 连用，以免重复。
12．我每周看一次电影。
误：I go to the cinema once every week.
正：I go to the cinema once a week.
析：表示在一段时间内出现一定的次数，用“次数+一段时间”这一结构。如 twice a week(month、year) 每周（月、年）两次。
13．包里装满了书。
误：The bag is full with books.
正：The bag is full of books.
正：The bag is filled with books.
析：be full of =be filled with, 意为“某容器装满了某物”，其主语多为容器。
14．我们每个人都有一本词典。
误：Each we have a dictionary.
正：We have a dictionary each.
正：Each of us has a dictionary.
析：each可用作同位语，放在主语、助动词、连系动词之后或句末，谓语动词用复数形式。each of 可和人称代词的宾格连用，谓语用单数形式。
15．手术持续了五个小时。
误：The operation kept five hours.
正：The operation lasted for five hours.
析：动词last可用来表示某事物持续存在下去，也可用于下列情况：某物的数量达到在需要的一段时间内够用，即可说那样东西持续（多长时间）。而keep为“保存、保持”之意，与题意不符。
16．你知道他们的飞机什么时候离开北京吗？
误：Do you know what time does their plane leave Beijing?
正：Do you know what time their plane leaves Beijing?
析：宾语从句不论其原来结构如何，都使用陈述句语序，即：不颠倒主谓语，也不另加助动词。
17．昆明的天气比兰州的好。
误：The weather of Kunming is better than Lanzhou.
正：The weather of Kunming is better than that of Lanzhou.
析：在比较句型中，比较的内容应前后一致。本句是拿“昆明的天气”与“兰州的天气”比较，而不是与“兰州”这个地名相比较。
18．他告诉我们太阳是圆的。
误：He told us that the sun was round.
正：He told us that the sun is round.
析：在含宾语从句的复合句中，主句是一般过去时，从句可根据需要选用过去的某种时态,但从句若陈述的真理性、普遍性的事情等时，则常用一般现在时。
19．没有消息就是好消息。
误：No news are good news.
正：No news is good news.
析：news尽管看上去是复数形式，但常用作不可数名词，后面的谓语动词要用单数形式。
20．那台电视机现在立在我们起居室的角落里。
误：That TV set is now standing at the corner of our sitting room.
正：That TV set is now standing in the corner of our sitting room.
析：“在室内角落处”应说in the corner; 而at(on) the corner (of)表示“在（街、墙）的拐角处”。
21． 他正在忙着做家务。
误：He is busy to do his housework.
正：He is busy doing his housework.
正：He is busy with his housework.
析：be busy doing 表示“忙于做……”，doing不能改为to do; be busy with 也表示“忙于做……”，但后面只能接名词，不能接动词的“-ing”形式。
22．我不得不告诉你这件事，对吗？
误：I had tell you about it, hadn’t I?
正：I had to tell you about it, didn’t I
析：have to 意为“不得不”，其疑问句式的构成不能用have，而要根据不同的人称和世态，选用助动词do 、does 或did。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇4：综合练习二 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
综合练习二
Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.
1. Another driver had just driven into the back of Jack's car ______ he was waiting at some traffic lights.
A. since B. once C. while D. during
2. ______ she said this, she regretted it.
A. The time B. The moment
C. The hour D. The day
3. There isn't such a word ______ I know.
A. as soon as B. as long as
C. so long as D. so far as
4. “What's made Ruth so upset?”
“ ______ three tickets to the folk music concert.”
A. Lost B. Losing
C. Because of losing D. Since she lost
5. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A. had considered B. has been considering
C. considered D. is going to consider
6. George Orwell, _______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.
A. the real name B. what his real name
C. his real name D. whose real name
7. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _____ by .
A. has been completed B. has completed
C. will have been completed D. will have completed
8. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _______ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.
A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
9. _____ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited
10. There’s _____ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get _____?
A. little; some B. little; any C. a little; some D. a little; any
11.Equipped with modern facilities, today’s libraries differ greatly from_______.
A. those of the past B. the past
C. which of the past D. that of the past
12. ___________ of the students has got a mobile phone in this room.
A. All B. Every C. Everyone D. Each
13. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____a goal.
A. scored B. had scored C. would score D. would have scored
14. During the daytime we are always having our lessons with the lights _______.
A. burn B. burned C. burnt D. burning
15. The police had no clues __________ this case.
A. about B. toward C. to D. with
16. -- Someone's dropped ________ and poured it on the new carpet.
-- Who _______ it?
A. a coffee cup; has done B. a cup of coffee; did
C. a cup for coffee; did D. a coffee's cup; has clone
17. What ______ heavy snow. Let's go out for a stroll in ______ snow, shall we?
A. /...the B. a...the C. a.../ D. /.../
18. There are ten boxes on the desk and the ______ is yours.
A. nine B. nineth C. ninth D. forth
19. ______ was done by the girl students.
A. One three of the work B. One third of the works
C. Two third of the works D. Two thirds of the work
20. Which of the following is wrong?
This book is easy enough for ______.
A. a six-year-old child B. a child of six years old
C. a child aged six D. a six years old child
21. It’s too late to set out watch the sunrise now, _________ , it’s starting to rain.
A. besides B. meanwhile C. however D. anyhow
22. I think I was at school, _______ I was staying with a friend duing the vacation when I heard the news.
A. or else B. and also C. or so D. therefore
23. I’m hunting for a house, nice, bright, comfortable and ________ , with a big garden.
A. first of all B. above all C. in all D. after all
24. He is indeed too fat but _______ that he is an excellent dancer.
A. as well as B. instead of C. in spite of D. owing to
25. George is organized, easy-going, hard-working and intelligent. _______, I can’t speak too highly of him.
A. In other words B. In a word C. However D. Otherwise
26. ----I hear Johnson was badly injured in the accident.
----_________ Let’s go and see him.
A. If so. B. How so? C. What a shame! D. What if.
27. The car was damaged _______ hope of repair.
A. without B. out of C. beyond D. except for
28. ______ the rain we should have had a pleasant journey.
A. Except for B. Without C. In spite of D. But for
29. ________ I can see, there is only one way to get out of the trouble.
A. As long as B. As far as C. As well as D. As good as
30. ----Our holiday cost a lot of money.
----Did it? Well, that doesn’t matter _______ you enjoyed yourselves.
A. as far as B. in case C. whether D. as long as
31.-Look! You've made the same mistake again!
-Oh, not again! such a mistake.
A. I will always make B. I'm always making
C. I've always made D. I always made
32. Our flight was by the thick fog. So we didn't attend the meeting on time.
A. broken off B. kept up C. taken up D. held up
33. He ______ live in the country than in the city.
A. prefers B. likes to
C. has better D. would rather
34. Had I known that air conditioners cause so much pollution, I would never have bought .
A. one B. that C. those D. it
35. -I cannot thank you enough for the present you sent me.
- .
A. No, thanks B. With pleasure
C. My pleasure D. Please don’t say so
36. The problem is _____ we can master modern science and technology in a short time.
A. if B. that C. what D. how
37. If people had left things they were, there would be no damage to the animal and plant life there.
A. when B. since C. where D. as
38. It seems that the Chinese parents don't care what a hard life they themselves live, but are determined that their sons and daughters receive .
A. the possible best education B. the best possible education
C. the education best possible D. the education possible best
39. earliest English poetry was written in kind of English that is now difficult to understand.
A. The; the B. The ; a C. The ; / D. A; a
40. nice and delicious, the roast ducks in this shop are always sold out soon.
A. Tasting B. Tasted C. Being tasted D. To taste
41. -Why you leave right now? Don’t you know it’s raining heavily outside?
-I know, but my parents are expecting me.
A. should B. must C. will D. won't
42. Today, if you find something useful on the Internet, you can download and it in your personal computer file (文档).
A. save B. spare C. share D. turn
43. Americans don't like using Mr., Mrs. or Miss. So, if they don't use your last name or titles, that really doesn't mean any .
A. lack respect B. lacking respect
C. lacking respecting D. lack of respect
44. Mr. Brown has three children, one of whom is a child of six, twins of twelve.
A. another B. other C. the others D. others
45. -Let's hurry. Doctor Susan is coming!
-Oh, I was afraid that we .
A. will miss her B. already miss her
C. had already missed her D. have already missed her
46．For many seniors in some universities, the final year can be an unpleasant experience, ______
that ends the campus romance.
A．which B．/ C．or D．one
47．-_______ John this week?
-Yes.
-Where _______ him?
-In the library.
A．Did you see; did you see B．Have you seen; did you see
C．Do you see; have you seen D．Have you seen; have you seen
48．I should very much like to have gone to the party but I _________.
A．am not invited B．am not being invited
C．shall not be invited D．was not invited
49．-Has your father got up?
-Sorry, I’m not sure. He __________ got up. Please go and see for yourself.
A．must have B．can’t have C．would have D．might have
50．Will the colors ______ if the dress is washed?
A．drop B．walk C．pass D．run
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇5：时态 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
时态
一、目标
本章要求学生掌握中学阶段常用的八种时态, 即：一般现在时, 一般过去时, 一般将来时, 现在进行时, 现在完成时, 过去完成时, 过去进行时, 过去将来时。
要求掌握时态的意义、各种时态的动词形式、与各种时态连用的时间状语以及一些时态的特殊意义。
二、重点及难点
八种时态的意义；现在完成时与一般过去时的区别；点性动词与线性动词；时态一致性。
三、方法
1．Do you know something about “tense”?
你知道“时态”是什么吗？
2．You are right. For example：
I'm working.我正在工作。
I worked yesterday.我昨天工作。
I will work.我将要工作。
How many tenses have you learned ?
你们学了几种时态？
3．Now let's have a discussion on every tense.
现在咱们分别讨论每个时态。
I think the present indefinite tense is the easiest tense of all． Do you know what it means ?
我想一般现在时是所有时态中最容易的, 你知道它的含义吗？
4．What's the form of the verb ?
谓语动词形式是什么样的？
5．Very good ! Do you know how to use “am, is, are”?
Here's a saying:
（I）我用 am（you）你用 are, is连着他、她、它。单数名词用is, 复数名词全用are。
Can you learn it by heart ?
你知道行为动词第三人称怎么变化吗？
6．Do you know what sound“s” or“es” makes ?
你知道“s”或“es”怎么发音吗？
你应当记住“清-清, 浊-浊, 元-浊”。现在我解释一下：
清-清 即：“s”或“es”之前的音素如 果是清辅音的话, “s”或“es”读作［K］（清）。
浊-浊 指“s”或“es”之前的音素如果是浊辅音的话, 则“s”或“es”读作［L］（浊）。
元-浊 如果“s”“es”之前是元音音素, 则它读作［L］（浊）。
你能想出几个例子吗？
7．一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态外, 常与什么副词连用呢？
8．一般现在时除表示经常性动作或状态外, 还有其他用法。它能表示将来时, 但它是有条件的, 这个条件有两种情况：A．是在条件状语从句中, 如果主句是一般将来时或一般现在时。B．是表示计划、打算、有规律动作。你能想出几个例子吗？
9．I think you have known something about the present indefinite tense. But I have one more point to tell you.
That is：Sometimes the present indefinite tense is used in the object clause when the past indefinte tense is used in the main sentence, Can you show me an example？
10．So much for the present indefinite tense. Let's come to the present continuous tense. Do you know the form of the verb when it is used as the present continuous tense？
11．You are right. Then what kind of adverbial is used？
那么用什么状语呢？
12．现在进行时有一个特殊的意义, 它可以表示将来发生的动作。但是这些动词必须是表示位置移动的单词。例如：go, come, start, leave 等。 Would you please give me two sentences？
13．Very good. Now shall we talk about the future indefinite tense？This kind of tense refers to an action that is going to happen in the future. Would you please say more？
14．一般将来时除去will do结构外, 还有其他结构, 也可表示将来时, 但注意这些结构有其他意义在里边。如： be going to do…表示动作将要发生, 表示主观打算。
be to do表示安排、计划好的动作, 表示命令、可能等意义。
be about to do…表示眼下即将发生……
Can you make some sentences？
15．The past indefinite tense expresses an action happened in the past. It's usually used with the adverbials such as yesterday, last month（ year, week）, the day before yesterday, … ago, in 1968 etc.它的谓语动词形式是什么样的呢？
16．Now let's come to the present perfect tense. In this tense, the action also happened in the past, but the action has something to do with“now”.
现在完成时动作发生在过去, 但它对现在有影响。谓语动词的形式为have done, done代表过去分词。have还有一种变化, 即has。has用于第三人称单数, 其他人称用have, 请你给出几个现在完成时的句子。
17．请你根据刚才的句子, 归纳一下现在完成时有几种含义？
18．现在完成时的这两种含义非常重要, 要认真领会。这里引出了两个概念：延续性动词与非延续性动词。即：点性动词与线性动词。所谓点性动词就是不能延续的动词；线性动词就是可以延续的动词。延续性动词用于现在完成时的第二种用法, 点性动词用于第一种用法。
19．点点结合, 线线结合是完成时中一个重要原则, 这个问题往往是学生容易出错的地方。请把下列句子的错误改正过来：
A．He has come for 3 hours.
B．The girl has waited since two years.
C．The old man has died for ten years.
D．I have bought the book for two months.
20．那么，在英语中，同一种意思，既有点性动词，又有线性动词的实例很多。Now would you please show the continuous verbs of the following ?
A．join the army
B．join the Party
C．come back
D．borrow a book
E．buy a book
F． leave
G．go out
H．die
I．open
J．begin
K． arrive
21．在完成时的句子中, 同一种意思可以有几种英语表达方法。如：
我入团已经5年了。有以下几种表达方式：
A．I have been a League member for 5 years.
B．It's five years since I joined the League.
I joined the League 5 years ago.
I have been a League member since 5 years ago.
Now I give you some sentences and please try to express the same meaning in other ways.
A．He has been here for 2 hours.
B．They've been away since 1960.
C．The film has been on for one hour.
22．Now let's do some other exercises. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of verbs.
A．I ____ （lose）my pen.
She ____ （ lose） her pen yesterday.
B．I ____ （be）to the Agricultural Exhibition.
I ____ （go） to the Agricultural Exhibition last week.
C．The car ____ （stop）.
The car ____ （stop） just now.
D．A： ____ you ____ your lunch ?
B：Yes, I ____ .
A：When ____ you ____ it ?
B：I ____ it about half an hour ago.
23．Now let me say something about “have been to” and“have gone to”.
have been to 意思是“去过”。
have gone to 意思是“去了”。
请翻译下列各句：
A．我去海南四次了。
B．他已经去南方了。
C．你去过东京吗？
D．小李已经去办公室了。
你可以去那儿找他。
E．你去哪儿了？
F．他去哪儿了？
24．通过练习，对现在完成时和过去时有了足够的认识, 你能说出它们的异同点吗？
25．Very good !Here's a drawing to show the difference between the present perfect tense and the past indefinite tense.
e．g．He was a student in the past.
e．g． He has been a student for 2 years.
26．现在来谈谈对比时态问题。所谓对比时态是指两个动作同时存在, 但有时间前后。这样的时态有过去将来时、过去完成时。
27．过去完成时也可跟另一个时间进行对比, 含义仍然是到过去某个时间为止, 如它与 by the end of…, by the time when…
例如：
A．They had completed the program by the end of the last year.
B．The train had left by the time when we arrived at the station.
28．You are right. The present continuous tense expresses an action happening at a present moment or during a present period of time, while the past continuous tense refers to the past.
e．g．My daughter was reviewing her lessons at eight last night.
What were you doing while I was watching TV ?
Students
1．I think“tense” is a certain form of a verb. It changes according to the time of the action.
我想“时态”是动词的某种形式, 它随动作的时间而发生变化。
2．We have learned eight tenses. They are： the present indefinite tense, the past indefinite tense, the future indefinite tense, the present continuous tense, the present perfect tense, the past continuous tense, the past perfect tense and the future-in-the-past indefinite tense.
我们学习了：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时和过去将来时。
3．一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态、过去、现在以及将来一直进行的动作或存在的状态。
4．一般现在时, 谓语动词要随主语人称而变化。be动词有三种变化形式, 即am, is, are；行为动词有两种变化形式, 即：原形和第三人称单数。
5．行为动词第三人称有以下几种变化形式：
A．动词后面直接加“s”, 如works, plays, learns。
B．以［K］［CM］, ［DN］,［M］,［L］ 结尾的单词, 词尾加“es”, 如果词尾有“e”, 则只加“s”, 如：misses, finishes, teaches, loses。
C．如词尾以辅音字母+y结尾, 应变y为“i”, 再加“es”, 如： flies, carries。
D．特殊情况：go和do词尾加“es”。
6．啊！我明白了, 像 works, 由于 s之前是k, 读作［E］, 是清辅音, 所以s读作［K］；又如：learns s之前是浊辅音［Q］, 所以它读作浊辅音［L］； plays s之前由于是ay字母组合, 读作元音音素［-!］, 所以s读作［L］这叫做“元-浊”。
7．与一般现在时连用的时间状语有：often, usually, sometimes, always, seldom, twice a week, every day…
8． A．If it is fine tomorrow, I will go out for a picnic.
（条件状语从句中一般现在时表示将来）
B．When they leave school, they will go back to the factory.（时间状语从句一般现在时表示将来）
C．The train starts at ten o'clock in the morning.
（计划, 有规律的动作表示将来）
9．Yes, I can. Here's a sentence.
The teacher said that the sun rises in the east. Here“rises”is the present indefinite tense. This tense is used because it happens regularly.
因为动作是有规律地发生。
10．The form of the verb is“be doing”, and“be”can be changeable.
For example：am, is, are. I think the present continuous tense expresses an action happening at present time or during present period of time.
For example：
He is reading a book now.
We are learning BookⅡthis week.
11．现在进行时与 now, at the present, this year（week, month）等时间状语连用。
12．
A．He is coming to see me tomorrow.
明天他要来看我。
B．They are leaving Shanghai for Beijing.他们要离开上海去北京。
13．OK ! The future indefinite tense is connected with the future time, such as, tomorrow, next week（year, month）, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in a month （year） etc.
它的动词结构是will do 有时第一人称单复数用shall do。
14．Yes, I can.
A．We are going to help the farmers on the Red Star Farm.
我们打算去红星农场帮助农民们。
B．The boys are to go to school next week.
这些男孩们下周要上学了。
C．We are about to leave, so there is no time to visit him now.
我们就要离开了, 所以现在没有时间去看他了。
15．一般过去时, 谓语动词的形式应该用过去时。即：原形动词后加ed, 还有一些特殊形式的动词。如：go----went, see----saw, do----did, read----read, give----gave, sit----sat。
我想特殊动词要特殊记忆。
16．我清楚了, 现在完成时谓语动词形式have done, 可以这样理解：have是“变量”；done是“常量”。
A．We have cleaned the room now.
我们现在已经打扫了房间。
B．He has cleaned the room now.
他现在已经打扫了房间。
C．They have been here for 3 hours.
他们在这儿呆了3个小时了。
D．The professor has worked in this university since 1969．
教授自从1969年就在这所大学里工作。
17．我想有两种含义：
一种是动作发生在过去, 动作不延续, 但对现在有结果和影响。如句子A、B表示打扫房间的动作发生在过去, 但强调的是现在房间已经干净了。
另一种是动作从过去开始一直延续到现在, 对现在有结果和影响, 如句子C、D。
18．点性动词应当与点性时间状语连用, 线性动词与线性时间状语连用。点性时间状语有：now, today, already, just, before, never, ever, always, yet等, 线性时间状语有for…, since…等。
19．A句中应当把come改为 been here, come为点性动词, for为线性时间状语。
B句有两种改法，一是将since改为for, 意思是“已经等了两年了”。另一种是在two years之后加ago, 意思是“自从两年前就开始等, 一直等到现在。”
C句将 died改为 been dead, 因为 for ten years是线性时间状语, die为点性动词, 不能延续, 而 be dead是线性动词, 可与 for短语连用。
D．将 bought改为 kept或 had。 buy为点性动词, have（keep）为线性动词。
20．Let me have a try．
join the army----serve in the army
join the Party----be a Party member
come back----be back
borrow a book----keep a book
buy a book----have a book
leave----be away
go out----be out
die----be dead
open----be open
begin----be on
arrive----be here
A．He has been here since two hours ago.
It's two hours since he came.
He came here two hours ago.
B．They went away in 1960.
They have been away for 40 years.
It's 40 years since they went away.
C．The film began an hour ago.
It's one hour since the film began.
The film has been on since one hour ago.
21．A．He has been here since two hours ago.
It's two hours since he came.
He came here two hours ago.
B．They went away in 1960.
They have been away for 40 years.
It's 40 years since they went away.
C．The film began an hour ago.
It's one hour since the film began.
The film has been on since an hour ago.
22．
A．have lost； lost
B．have been； went
C．has stopped； stopped
D．Have… had
have
did… have
had
23．
A．I have been to Hainan four times.
B．He has gone to the South.
C．Have you ever been to Tokyo ?
D．Xiao Li has been to his office. You can find him there.
E．Where have you been ?
F． Where has he gone ?
24．在我看来，它们的相同之处是动作都发生在过去，它们的不同点是现在完成时的动作对现在有影响，而过去时对现在没有影响。
25．图A表示动作发生在过去，处于静止状态, 而图B表示动作发生在过去，但它指向现在，对现在有结果和影响，最后强调的是现在。
26．当主句动作发生在过去，从句动作发生在它之后，这时从句谓语用过去将来时。如：
I said that I would go to that island.
“said”在前，相对它来讲，would go在后。
可当一个动作发生在过去而另一个动作发生在它之前, 那么这个动作则要用过去完成时。如：
I said that I had finished the composition.
said发生在过去, had finished在它之前发生, 称之为过去的过去。
27．现在我明白啦！过去完成时和过去将来时只有在与另一个过去的动作进行对比的情况下才能存在。所以把这两种时态叫对比时态。
老师，我有一个问题，过去进行时是指过去某一时刻或过去某一段时间正在进行的动作吗？
四、精选题
选择填空：
1．----Can I join your club, Dad？ [ ]
----You can when you ____ a bit older.（'94）
A．get B．will get
C．are getting D．will have got
2．----I'm sorry to keep you waiting.（'94） [ ]
----Oh, not at all. I ____ here only a few minutes.
A．have been B．had been
C．was D．will be
3．I don't really work here；I ____ until the new secretary arrives.（'94） [ ]
A．just help out
B．have just helped out
C．am just helping out
D．will just help out
4．I need one more stamp before my collection ____ . [ ]
A．has completed
B．completes
C．has been completed
D．is completed
5．I first met Lisa three years ago．She ____ at a radio shop at the time.（'97） [ ]
A．has worked
B．was working
C．had been working
D．had worked
6．----Is this raincoat yours？ [ ]
----No, mine ____ there behind the door.（'97）
A．is hanging B．has hung
C．hangs D．hung
7．----Nancy is not coming tonight. [ ]
----But she ____ ！（'98）
A．has written B．wrote
C．had written D．was writing
8．Shirley ____ a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it.（'98） [ ]
A．has written B．wrote
C．had written D．was writing
9．----Hi, Tracy, you look tired. [ ]
----I am tired. I ____ the living room all day.（'98）
A．painted
B．had painted
C．have been painting
D．have painted
10． The price ____ , but I doubt whether it will remain so.（'99） [ ]
A．went down
B．will go down
C．has gone down
D．was going down
11．----Bob has gone to California. I hear. [ ]
----Oh. I wonder when he ____ .（'96海淀）
A．has left B．leaves
C．left D．was leaving
12．----Have you got your test result ? [ ]
----Not yet. The papers ____ .（'96海淀）
A．are not correcting
B．have not corrected
C．are still being corrected
D．have already been corrected
13．----Why weren't you at the meeting ? [ ]
----I ____ for a long----distance call from my father in Australia.（'99西城）
A．waited B．was waiting
C．had waited D．have been waited
14．The telephone ____ four times in the last hour, and each time it ____ for my roommate.（'99西城） [ ]
A．has rung; was
B．has been ringing; is
C．had rung; was
D．rang; has been
15． Two million tons of oil ____ exploited in this area that year.（'99西城） [ ]
A．was B．has been
C．were D．have been
16．----What time ____ Tom tomorrow？ [ ]
----At 3：00 p．m．（'99西城）
A．do you meet
B．will you meet
C．would you meet
D．are you meeting
17． That was not a good place to go skating. You ____ your leg. [ ]
A．can break
B．could break
C．could have broken
D．could have been broken
18．---- ____ the sports meet might be put off. [ ]
----Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A．I've been told
B．I've told
C．I'm told
D．I told
19．----Your phone number again？ I ____ quite catch it. [ ]
----It's 9568442．
A．didn't B．couldn't
C．don't D．can't
20． As she ____ the newspaper, Granny ____ asleep. [ ]
A．read; was falling
B．was reading; fell
C．was reading; was falling
D．read; fell
21．I don't think Jim saw me; he ____ into space. [ ]
A．just stared
B．was just staring
C．has just stared
D．had just stared
22．----Who is Jerry Cooper？ [ ]
---- ____ ? I saw gou shaking hands with him at the meeting.
A．Don't you meet him yet
B．Hadn't you met him yet
C．Didn't you meet him yet
D．Haven't you met him yet
用所给动词的正确形式填空：
1． I'm afraid I can't get in all the wheat within such a short time unless you ____ to help me tomorrow.（come）
2． They left for Beijing last week and we ____ then so far.（not hear）
3．When we reached the airport, we were surprised to find that Uncle's plane ____ . （land）
4．I ____ he had finished his work.（think）
5．We ____ the problem for quite some time, but we any conclusion yet.（discuss, not reach）
6．He said this book would be published if the writer ____ .（agree）
7．John works very hard. In fact, I think he ____ right now.（study）
8．The little boy didn't see me, he ____ a golden fish in a basin.（watch）
9．I have to make a quick phone call. Can you wait a few moments ? It ____ long.（not take）
10．They ____ themselves on the beach when the train ____ .（enjoy, come）
答案：
选择填空：
1～5 AACDB 6～10 ABDCC 11～15 CCBAC
16～20 BBAAB 21～22 BD
用所给动词的正确形式填空：
1．come 主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时表示将来。
2．haven't heard so far与现在完成时连用。
3．had landed 在 reached之前发生, 故用过去完成时。
4．thought
5．have been discussing, haven't reached 讨论从过去开始一直到现在, 但是到目前仍没有结论。
6．agreed 主句是过去时, 从句动作受它影响。
7． is studying
8．was watching 没有看到我, 那时正观看金鱼。
9．won't take
10．were enjoying, came
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇6：It 句型 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
It 句型归纳
1． It is ＋adj．(＋for sb．／sth．) ＋ to do sth．
用于此句型的形容词有：easy， hard， difficult，possible，
important， impossible， necessary， good， bad， exciting，
interesting， surprising等。如：
It is necessary to change your job．
It was very hard for them to walk such a long way in
the snow．
2． It is ＋n．(＋for sb．／sth．) ＋ to do sth．
用于此句型的名词有： pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s
job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。如：
It is a pity for you to have missed such a wonderful
play．
It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats
for the old．
3． It is ＋adj．＋of sb．＋to do sth．
此句型中的形容词主要描述某人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：
kind, nice, wise,
silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。如：
How silly it was of you to give up such a good
chance！
It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel
at home in their house．
4． It is ＋adj．（＋n．）＋doing sth．
此句型中的形容词和名词常见的有：no／little use, no／much good,
useless等。如：
It’s no use crying over spilt milk．
5．It takes sb．＋一段时间＋to do sth． 表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”。如：
It took us half an hour to ride to the town by the
sea．
6．It is ＋及物动词的过去分词＋that从句
此句型中常见的及物动词的过去分词有：said, told, known, reported,
recorded, thought, believed, considered等。如：
It is reported that the Russian President will visit
China next week．
7．It ＋不及物动词＋that从句
此句型中不及物动词常见的有：seem， happen， appear， matter等。如：
It seems that there will be a heavy snow tomorrow．
It happened that I met my good friends in the museum
yesterday．
8．强调句型：It is＋被强调部分＋that／who从句
在使用强调句型时要注意，指人时可以用who或that，其它情况一律用that。如：
It was under the bed that my brother hid the ball
this morning．
It is Mr Bell who／that often comes and looks after
the old man．
9．It is／has been＋一段时间＋since从句。如：
It is ／has been three years since we saw each other
last．
10．It is (high) time that sb． did sth．
该句型表示“某人现在该做某事了”，从句常用过去时（虚拟语气）
说明现在应该做的事情。如：
It’s six o’clock．It is high time that we went home
now．
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇7：省略 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
省略
省略在英语运用中，尤其是在交际对话中普遍存在，因为它可以避免重复，突出关键词语，能做到言简意赅，并使上下文紧密连接。在历年的高考题中也屡见不鲜。省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，有的学者把某些替代也看作一种省略。那么--
一、词法上的省略
1. 名词所有格后修饰的名词在以下情况可以省略
1）如果名词所有格修饰的名词在前文已出现，则可以省略。如：
These are John's books and those are Mary's (books). 这些是约翰的书，那些是玛丽的书。
2）名词所有格后修饰的名词如果是指商店、住宅等地点时，这些名词也常常省略。如：
at the doctor's 在诊所
at Mr. Green's 在格林先生家
to my uncle's 到我叔叔家
at the barber's 在理发店
2. 冠词的省略
1）为了避免重复
The lightning flashed and thunder crashed. 电闪雷鸣。（thunder前省略了定冠词the）
2）在the next day (morning, week, year...)等短语中，有时为了使语气紧凑定冠词the 常可以省略。如：We went to the farm to help the farmers with the harvest (the) next day. 第二天，我们去农场帮助农民收庄稼。
3）在副词的最高级前面的定冠词常可以省略。如：
She sings best in the class. 她在班上唱歌唱得最好。
4）在某些独立主格结构中。如：
Our teacher came in, book in hand. (=Our teacher came in, with a book in his hand.)
我们的老师手里拿着一本书进来了。
5）在as引导的让步状语从句中，当作表语的单数名词提前时，不定冠词要省略。如：
Child as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他还是一个孩子，却懂得很多。
3. 介词的省略
1）both 后常跟of短语，其后可以接名词复数形式，也可以接代词宾格复数形式。接复数名词时，介词of可以省略，但接代词宾格时，of不能省略。如：
Both (of) the films were interesting. 这两部电影都很有趣。
She invited both of us to her birthday party. 她邀请我们俩去参加她的生日派对。
2）在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中，一段时间前的介词for可以省略。如：
These shoes are worn out. They have lasted (for) a long time.
这双鞋穿破了，已经穿了很长一段时间了。
3）被动结构中，如果没有必要强调动作的执行者，则可以省略介词by短语。如：
The letter was posted (by me) yesterday. 这封信是昨天寄出去的。
4）和一些动词搭配构成的短语中的介词，如：consider... (as)..., prevent / stop... (from)doing..., have trouble / difficulty... (in) doing...,spend... (in / on) doing... 等中的介词可以省略。如：
Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away. 树能阻止泥土被冲走。
Can you stop him (from) going swimming in the river? 你能阻止他下河洗澡吗？
I have some difficulty (in) answering the question. 回答这个问题我有点困难。
4. 动词不定式中的省略
1）有些动词，如：believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作宾补的结构
to be + n. / adj. 中的to be可以省略。如：
I consider him (to be) lazy. 我认为他懒。
His mother found him (to be) a clever boy.他母亲发觉他是一个很聪明的孩子。
2）感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice 等以及使役动词let, make, have后作宾补的动词不定式中的不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，to必须保留。如：
They made the boy go to bed early.他们强迫这个男孩早睡。
The boy was made to go to bed early. 这个男孩被迫早睡。
注：help后作宾补的动词不定式中的to可以省略也可以保留。
3）在can not but, can not choose but, can not help but之后的动词不定式一般不带to； but之前有实义动词do的某个形式do, does, did, done 时，也不带to, 否则要带to。如：
We have nothing to do now but wait. 我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。
I can not but admire his courage. 我不能不钦佩他的勇敢。
He has no choice but to accept the fact. 除了接受这个事实他别无选择。
4）在并列结构中为了避免重复。如：
I'm really puzzled what to think or say. 我真不知道该怎么想，怎么说才好。
但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时，则后一个to不能省略。如：
I came not to scold but to praise you. 我来不是责备你，而是赞美你。
5）在why, why not 引导的特殊问句中后跟省略to的动词不定式。如：
Why talk so much about it? 为什么大谈这个事呢？
Why not try it again? 为什么不再试一试呢？
6）动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略，主要看句子前面是否已出现过同样的动词。如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to。如：They may go if they wish to(go). 如果他们想去，他们就可以去。
Don't go till I tell you to.直到我告诉你去，你才可以去。
在一些动词afford, agree, expect, forget, mean, pretend, remember, want, refuse, hope, wish, would like (love), try等后跟动词不定式作宾语，不定式中的to可以承前（后)省略。如:
-Will you go to the cinema with me? 你愿和我一起去看电影吗？
-Well, I'd like to (go with you). 我愿意。
I would do it for you, but I don't know how to (do it for you).
我想为你做这事，但我又不知如何做。
在某些形容词，如：afraid, glad, willing, happy, eager等后承前省略动词原形，只保留不定式符号to。如：-Will you join us in the game? 你愿和我们一起做这个游戏吗？
-Sure, I'll be glad to(join you in the game). 当然，我愿意。
有些动词，如：tell, ask, allow, expect, force, invite, permit, persuade, order, warn, wish, would like, forbid等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语、主语补足语时，不定式承前省略动词原形， 保留动词不定式符号to。如： He didn't come, though we had invited him to (come).
尽管我们邀请他来，他却没来。
注：承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have或be，则要保留be或have。如：
-Are you a teacher? 你是老师吗？ -No, but I used to be (a teacher). 不，我以前是。
二、句法中的省略
在一些简单句、并列句和复合句中，可以省略主语、谓语、宾语、表语等某一个句子成分，也可以省略多个句子成分。
1． 简单句中的省略
1）感叹句中常省略主语和谓语。如： What a hot day (it is)!多热的天啊！
How wonderful!多妙啊！
2） 在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。如：
-（Will you） Have a smoke? 你抽烟吗？ -No. Thanks. 不，谢谢了。
（Is there）Anything else to say?还有别的要说吗？
2． 并列句中的省略
1） 如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的那部分。如：
John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
约翰一定在踢球，而玛丽一定在做作业。
2） 主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则二者都可以省略。如：
His suggestions made John happy, but (his suggestions made) Mary angry.
他的建议使约翰高兴，却使玛丽很生气。
3） 主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语。如：
Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but (he) soon returned to his old ways.
老麦克唐纳戒了一阵子烟，可很快又抽上了。
4）在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其它一些成分与第一个并列句相同时，这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分。如：
Jack will sing at the party, but I know John won't （sing at the party）.
杰克将在晚会上唱歌，但我知道约翰不会在晚会上唱歌。
3． 复合句中的省略
1） 名词性从句中的省略
（1）作宾语的what从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同，则what从句可以省略谓语，甚至主语。如：Someone has used my bike, but I don't know who (has used it).
有人用了我的自行车，但我不知道是谁。
He has gone, but no one knows where (he has gone).
他走了，但没人知道他去哪儿了。
（2）有时候也可以根据说话的情景来省略主句中的一些成分。如：
（I'm） Sorry I've kept you waiting so long.对不起，让你久等了。
（3）在某些表虚拟语气的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，从句谓语动词中的助动词should可以省略。如：It's important that we (should) speak to the old politely. 我们对老人说话要有礼貌，这很重要。
2） 定语从句中的省略
（1）在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that, which, who (whom)常可以省略。如：
The man(who / whom) I saw is called Smith. 我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。
Where is the book (which) I bought this morning?今天上午我买的那本书在哪儿？
（2）关系副词when, where, why以及that在the time(day, morning, afternoon, evening, night, week, month, year等) when, the place(desk, table, room, spot, house, town, country, school等)where, the reason why, the way that结构中引导限制性定语从句时，在非正式场合下，可以省略关系副词when, where, why, that。如：
I shall never forget the day (when) we first met.
我永远也不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。
The reason (why) he came so early is his own affair. 他来这么早是他自己的事。
The way (that) you answered the questions was admirable. 你回答这些问题的方式令人钦佩。
3）状语从句中的省略
当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it，并且又含有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
（1）在as, before, till, once, when, while等引导的时间状语从句中。如：
While（I was） waiting, I was reading some magazines. 我一边看杂志，一边等。
（2）在though, although,等引导的让步状语从句中。如：
Though (they were) tired, they went on working. 虽然他们累了，但他们仍继续工作。
（3）在if, unless(=if... not)等引导的条件状语从句中。如：
You shouldn't come to his party unless (you were) invited.
除非你被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的宴会。
（4）在as, as if, as though引导的让步状语从句中。如：
He did as (he had been) told. 他按照被告知的那样去做了。
He paused as if (he was) expecting her to speak. 他停下来，好像是在期待她说话。
（5）在as(so)... as..., than引导的比较状语从句中。如：
I know you can do better than he (can do). 我知道你能比他做得更好。
This car doesn't run as fast as that one (does). 这辆小车不及那辆跑得快。
三、替代性省略
在一些交际用语中的某些动词，如：think, suppose, expect, believe，guess等后常常和so， not等连用，以替代上文出现的内容。如：
-Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? 你认为他会来参加这个会议吗？
-I suppose not. 我认为不会。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇8：表语 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
表语
一、教学目标
通过本章学习, 使学生明白表语的概念及表语的用法。
二、教学重点和难点
不定式、分词、动名词作表语及表语从句。
三、教学方法
1．在谓语一章中我们已分析过表语, 最常见的是 be动词及 become。
2．在使用中我们常见到不定式用在be动词后边作表语。由于不定式表明一个具体的动作, 当放在be动词后边时表示即将要去做的事。请将下列句子翻译成汉语并作分析：
3．
A．The news sounds inspiring.
B．His absence is disappointing.
C．We are interested in the story.
D．After a long walk, we all felt tired.
E．He has got married.
一般来说～ing形式作表语表示主语的特征, 具有影响别人的能力；～ed形式作表语表示受到影响而呈现的状态。
4．A句是动名词作表语, 表示主语job的内容。
B句是现在分词作表语, 表示主语result 的特征。
动名词与现在分词作表语的不同就是前者是表内容, 后者是表特征。
5．这是一个含有主语从句和表语从句的复合句, 在后边的章节中会作进一步阐述。
1．表语表明主语的身份、状态、样子、方位、处所, 除了be, become这两个系动词外, 还有一些本身既是行为动词又是系动词的词。
2．
A．I am to go to town.
我要进城。
B．My work is to clean the classroom.
我的工作是打扫教室。
3．A．这消息听起来挺鼓舞人心的。是现在分词作表语, 表示本身具有影响别人的特征。
B．他的缺席令人失望。与上句一样表示主动。
C．我们对这故事感兴趣。过去分词作表语, 表示故事有趣, 使得我们对它感兴趣, 因此用过去分词。
D．走了一大段路, 我们都感到累了。过去分词作表语, 是走路使得我们累, 我们才感到累。
E．他结婚了。表示一状态, 过去分词作表语。 get married是个词组。
4．同样都是～ing 形式作表语, 遇到这样的句子, 怎样解释？
A．My job is running the machine.
B．The result is exciting.
5．如何理解下面这个句子？
Why he hasn't come is that he has something important to do at home.
四、精选题
1．The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult. [ ]
A．not makeB．not to make
C．not making D．do not make
2．Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour. [ ]
A．pay B．paying
C．paid D．to pay
3．Longjing tea, Jasmine tea and Wuyi tea are all famous, but which do you think ____ ? [ ]
A．tastes best B．smells most
C．drinks mostly D．sounds best
4．----Hello, Tom, where were you last night ?---- ____ . [ ]
A．To Brown's
B．To the Browns'
C．In Brown's
D．In the Browns'
5．Thank you very much indeed． That's ____ of you. [ ]
A．kindest B．most kind
C．the kinder D．the most kind
6．The meeting was put off, ____ was exactly ____ we wanted. [ ]
A．it；that B．as；that
C．which； what D．this ；what
7．His suit has become loose． He seems ____ weight. [ ]
A．to lose B．being lost
C．losing D．to have lost
8．----Did you enjoy yourself at the party？ [ ]
----Sorry to say I didn't． It was a meeting than a party.
A．more ofB．rather like
C．less of D．more or less
9．----Where is George？ He said he would meet me here at 3 O'clock. [ ]
----He seems ____ with Mr Brown in the office.
A．to talk
B．to be talking
C．to have talked
D．talking
10．They found there was ____ to weigh such an elephant. [ ]
A．big enough nothing
B．nothing enough big
C．enough nothing big
D．nothing big enough
答案：1～5 BCADB 6～10 CDABD
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇9：倒装(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
倒 装
(一)疑问句多数是倒装语序，但如果主语是疑问词或被疑问词修饰的，整个句子是自然语序，本身就是个正装句
A. Who invented the machine?
B. What impressed you most?
C. What has happened to Tom?
D. How many people took part in the demonstration?
E. Which team won the game?
(二)there be结构是倒装句，除be以外，live, happen, exist, lie, remain也都可以充当该结构的谓语
A. About 2, 300 years ago, there lived in Greece a great thinker named Aristotle.
B. There happened to be nobody in the bedroom.
C. For there lay the Combs-the set of combs that Della had worshipped for many months in a shop window.
(三)only放在句首修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时要倒装，其他情况就不构成倒装式了。如果谓语动词是单个实意动词，倒装时加do的相应形式(即do, does, 或did)
A. Only in this way can you succeed.
B. Only yesterday did I hear of the accident.
C. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.
D. Only my parents know the secret. (不倒装)
(四)表示否定意义的词放在句首时要倒装
hardly, scarcely, never, not, not until, not only, seldom, little等。
A. Never shall I forget it.
B. Not a single mistake did he make.
C. Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.
D. Not only was everything he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.
E. Not until quite recently did I have any idea what a guided missile was like. 请注意下列这组句子。
A. She didn't change her mind until yesterday. (正装句)
B. Not until yesterday did she change her mind. (倒装句)
C. It was not until yesterday that she changed her mind. (强调句不倒装)
(五)把副词so放在句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人(或物)，只用于肯定句
A. He has been to Beijing, So have I.
B. They like English very much. So does John.
C. Society has changed and so have the people in it.
但如果后面的句子是对前面句子的内容加以确认的话，那么也把so放在句首，不过后面主谓不倒装。
A. There was clearly nothing left to do but drop herself onto the shabby couch and weep. So Della did.
B. I said I was going to visit him. So I did.
C. He studies hard. So he does.
(六)如果虚拟条件从句的谓语动词含有be动词，助动词或情态动词，可将if省略，而把be动词、情态动词或第一个助动词移到主语前，构成倒装句
If it had not been for their assistance, we couldn't have got over the difficulties. (正装句)
A.
Had it not been for their assistance, we couldn't have got over the difficulties. (倒装句)
If there should be a flood, what should we do?
B.
Should there be a flood, what should we do?(倒装句)
(七)在某些让步状语从句中用倒装结构
A. Proud as these nobles are, he is afraid to see me.
B. Small as it was, the army had great fighting capacity.
C. Child as he is, he knows a lot.
(八)某些表示祝愿的句子也用倒装结构
A. Long live the solidarity of the people of the world!
B. May you both be happy!
(九)为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时常常把表语或状语部分放在谓语动词前
A. On the ground lay an old sick goat.
B. There, on the shore, were nine savages, sitting round a fire.
C. From a speaker on the wall comes the doctor's voice: “Good morning. ”
D. Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms.
(十)宾语在多数情况下都紧跟在谓语后面，但当我们特别想强调宾语时，亦可放到主语前面，但句中的主谓不倒装
This they kept for themselves.
All this he fixed together with glue, string, wax and many wires.
(十一)so…that结构中的so置于句首时，需要倒装
A. So excited was he that he couldn't say a word.
B. So loudly did he speak that even people in the next house could hear him.
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇10：高三英语教学初探 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
高三英语教学初探
周至四中 张荣利
众所周知，高三这一学年里，英语教师既要完成高中英语第三册的教学，又要带领学生进行会考、高考的复习备考，再加上我们农村地区的学生英语基础差，要让学生在一年内成绩有较大的提高，可谓任务紧、压力大。那麽，如何更加有效的进行教学呢？
分析历年考题后，我们会发现，高考、会考在重视英语基础知识的同时，都突出以测试语言运用能力为主的原则，形成了以篇章阅读为主的试题布局。说到底，高三复习最终目的是提高英语语言运用的能力。因此我的做法是这样的：
一、新课教学与单元复习同步进行.--------以新带旧,复习总结
边进行高三的课文教学，边对高中的内容如语音、词汇、语法和惯用法等语言知识进行查缺补漏和系统化训练。每单元除精选课本上的词汇、语法、填空或阅读理解习题进行即时训练外，还结合高考第一轮复习资料《创新设计》上高三部分套题对学生进行反馈训练。这些套题为每2单元一套，包括短语翻译15个，单词拼写10个，句形转换5个，单项选择15题（基本包括本单元主要语言点）、完型填空1篇。同时适当穿插语法专项、句型翻译、阅读理解和完型填空强化习题，印发一些范文让学生背。并告诉学生：词汇、短语的学习不能脱离语篇。要求同学通过诵读课文、范文，试着造句加深对词语与重点句型的印象。
二、加强词汇教学,积累语言信息．---------稳固根基,加强交际应用
在平时教学中对所学英语知识进行归纳总结，将零散的、孤单的知识有机地结合起来，使已学知识网络化，形成一个完整的知识体系，从而摸索出、总结出带规律性的东西，提高复习效率。比如：
（1）“点”： 归纳常用、常考重点词汇的基本用法、语法特点、适用条件以及相关知识点，特别是一些使用频率教高的动词，如 need, consider, suggest, expect, prefer 等。例如 suggest, 可表示“建议”，也表示“暗示”“表明” 等意义；还有suggest doing的结构, 以及做宾语从句时要用虚拟句型suggest that sb.（should）do 的结构，而作“暗示”、“表明”时则要用陈述语气；据此还可以联想到所带宾语从句中用虚拟语气的相关动词insist, demand, order, advice等。
（2） “线”：对有共同用法特点的词汇进行归纳、串联，形成知识链。如，既可作实义动词又可作系动词的词有：sound，smell，taste，get，become，turn，grow，come，fall，go，remain，look，appear，seem等。又如常用动名词（不能用不定式）作宾语的动词有：mind, enjoy, finish, imagine, suggest, avoid, practise, delay, appreciate, risk，等。
(3） “面”：由点及线，由线及面，培养发散思维和知识迁移的能力。对搭配能力强的词汇在复习时让学生先进行归纳复习。如复习Put用法时，马上想到Put away,put aside,put sth.in order,put on,put up with,put through等 。再区别记忆。
(4) “分”： 英语近义、同义词的学习和归纳可以扩大知识面，增强语言的使用能力。如在复besides 用法时，可以联系except, but, except for, except that, but for, apart from, other than 等词汇的词义区别和用法。再如: dress, be in ..., put on, have on, wear等词汇都可以表示“穿戴”，但他们的意义和用法的区别在哪？
（5）“合”：正确处理语法教学和阅读教学的关系：
要摆脱语法束缚，就得学好语法，逐步养成用英语思维的习惯。现行教材强调交际和运用，可是交际并不排斥语法，我们不能孤立地谈交际、阅读，更不能片面地教语法。这是两个极端。语言的基本功能就是交际，就是用来交流思想和看法的，很难想象一个满口病句错句的人能把他自己的思想准确无误地表达出来。形式是为内容服务的，适当的语言形式(即语法)应在运用中、在篇章阅读中让学生不断体会，进行自我总结，再由老师简要归纳，最后为学生所掌握。
三、检测：
实施单元训练和月考制度。单元训练每单元学完进行一次，重点是对阅读理解、完形填空和写作的考查，测试时量不超过45分钟，题量为一张8开试卷纸（双面）。
四、专项突破
单项选择
1、这种题型知识面考查范围较宽,要通过上下文中的暗示,附加信息掌握语境,正确推测对话双方的关系,选择符合西方文化习俗的正确答语;
2、在题中加入插入语成分、或故意打破句子的结构和平衡、或故意前置增加迷惑性;
3、句子结构题:考查强调句型、倒装句型、省略句型;
4、习语搭配型:提高区别相近习语混淆的能力;
5、逻辑题型:考查上下文的逻辑关系,选择恰当的连词;
6、将基础的语法、时态融入特设的愈境中,这时附加信息对答案有直接的影响;
完型填空
完形填空实际上是从词汇、语法、篇章、语境和用英语思维等方面对学生进行综合考查。所以，应从以下三个方面入手训练学生做完形填空的思维能力和解题技巧：
1．充分利用首句信息，掌握文章大意；
2．利用同位结构、破折号、上下文对词汇、词组进行推测;
3．掌握全文基本时态;
4、利用语篇标志解题;
语篇标志即:表明语篇内在联系的词语。如表示结构层次的firstly ,secondly ,finally等;表示逻辑关系的thus, therefore, so ;表示改变话题的by the way ,on the contrary,;表示递进的besides, what’s more ,further等;表示时间的before, after, so far, meanwhile ,later等;
5．利用语法知识分析句子结构；
6．利用词性和词语辨析法来解题；
7．利用文化背景和生活常识解题。
高考完形填空所选文章都堪称精品，其逻辑必是上下贯通，其脉络也必是井然有序，令人信服。因此，做完完形填空以后，应从文章的内在逻辑入手，看所选答案是否经得起推敲，是否能自然融入整个语篇，如果有游离于文章主旨之外或与整篇文章的逻辑相矛盾的答案，就需要重新理解、修正。
阅读理解
阅读能力一直是高考英语测试的主题，完型填空题也是以阅读能力为基础的。因此，在平时的教学中，我们尽量采用整体教学法，注意培养学生的下列能力：
1．理解文章主旨大义的能力；
2．获取课文中重点细节的能力；
3．根据上下文、词缀推测生词词义的能力；
4．根据文章的内容和提供的线索做出简单判断和推理的能力；
5．理解文章基本结构和逻辑关系的能力；
6．理解作者基本意图和基本态度的能力；
7．分清文章中的事实和观点的能力；
8．理解指代关系的能力；
9．理解图表信息的能力；
10．预测下文的能力。
在进行专项复习中，让学生限时阅读，培养他们快速阅读的技巧。对于学生无法读懂的文章，采用泛读和精读相结合的办法，通过对语义的解析，使同学理解语篇。阅读训练的重点是主旨大意和推理能力的培养。同时，课外给学生一定的阅读量，使他们熟悉各种体裁的文章，提高阅读能力。同时注意文章的时效性，题材的多样化。特别关注人与人、人与自然的和谐，健康与饮食，环保与节能内容的文章。
短文改错
1、检查是否“三一致，”即：主谓一致，指代一致，时态一致；
2、平行结构的一致：由and,but 连接或是比较状语结构是否前后一致；是否该省略“to”;是否是并列谓语；
3、用词的准确性，是否夹杂了文化差异；
4、并列与转折：根据上下文，选择恰当的连词；
5、逻辑推理与语意呼应：上下文的语意是否一致；
6、介词、动词是否搭配一致；
7、冠词是否恰当，是不是零冠词；
8、形容词是否正确，是原级、比较级还是最高级；
9、名词的数与格；
10、注意隔行句（每行只有一个错）；
书面表达
写作的过程与达标是一个渐进的过程。在高中的整个课文教学中，要求学生背诵每篇课文中的典型句式和表达好的句式。在高三的作文讲解中，也要重视对学生组句成文、文法知识、各种文体的行文方法的指导和对学生进行范文引导和习文点评。同时通过汉译英、词语造句的练习来强化学生对句法和文章结构的理解与认识。这样，学生在训练过程中逐步积累题型训练经验、获得答题技巧，提高语言交际运用能力。以下是注意事项：
1. 加强遣词造句的训练。把握五种基本句型结构，避免中式英语，力使句子语言生动、精练；
2. 练习篇章写作。循序渐进，仿写、改写、缩写、扩写，正确使用过渡词语；
3. 规范使用大小写和标点符号，避免非文字信息的丢分；
4. 注意人称、时态的一致和文章格式；
5. 学会审题，思路清晰，拟好提纲，避免要点错漏；
6. 字数适中，书写规范，卷面整洁。
五、考前训练
专项训练结束后，再进行NMET的适应性训练。训练学生审查试卷和填涂答题卡的习惯，养成良好的适应考试的能力，使学生在考试中能够发挥正常水平。时间分配上，建议单项选择用12分钟，完型填空用18分钟，阅读理解用40到45分钟，单词拼写和改错题用10分钟，写作（包括阅读填空）用25到30分钟，填涂答题卡用5分钟（建议每做完一个大题填涂一次，避免出错和没时间填涂）。
总之，高三的教学重点就在于通过第一轮对基础知识的系统复习、归纳、整理、深化，第二轮的专项训练和第三轮的模拟训练，完成由知识向应用能力的成功转化，使学生具备参加高考的能力和取胜的信心。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇11：补语 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
补语
一、目标
通过本章学习, 使学生了解主动语态句子中宾语补足语的概念、使用方法及被动语态中主语补足语的使用。
二、重点和难点
不定式、分词、形容词、名词及with sb./sth.+补语结构
三、方法
1．We mean that part of the sentence which stands in the same relation to the object as the predicate stands to the subject.
2．A．At the meeting we elected him monitor.
把him与monitor扩展成一个句子则成为：He is a monitor.
B．What you said made Xiao Wang angry.
把Xiao Wang与angry扩展成一个句子则成为：Xiao Wang is angry.
3．名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。
4．Nouns used as objective complements.
Please do the following translations:
A．他们让他当会议主席。
B．我认为你弟弟是个聪明的孩子。
C．年轻的父亲给他的宝宝起名叫“强强”。
D．我认为这是撒谎。
E．你们选玲玲当经理了吗？
5．How many verbs can be followed the nouns used as by objective complements? And what are they?
6．形容词是否可以作宾补？请翻译下列句子：
A．我发现教室空无一人。
B．他们把丝绸染成红色。
C．别把布料裁得太短。
D．一切都准备好了吗？
E．这消息几乎令他发疯。
7．Generally speaking, the following can be followed by adjectives used as the objective complements: find, make, keep, cut, paint, push, drive, leave…
8．副词
A．Please call the students back at once.
B．He was seen to take his cap off.
C．It was John who took the baby upstairs.
D．I joined the two pieces of wood together.
E．Please keep yourselves off the grass.
F．We wished the talk at an end.
9．副词作宾语补足语比较难于掌握, 对高中学生来说, 多用于理解, 而不强求会用。
10．不定式
在高中阶段我们只学过如下九个及物动词后边的不定式作宾补省略to：
let, make, have, feel, see, watch, hear, observe, notice, 从日常应用的角度看, 记住上边的九个动词基本就够用了。
11．Without“to”:
A．I can't have you say so.
B．You should try your best to make him understand that.
C．I noticed the thief steal into the room.
D．We observed the students do the physics experiment.
E．I felt my hands tremble.
能够跟不定式作宾补的词很多, 我们应当在使用中注意积累。
12．现在分词作宾补
have, see, watch, feel, hear, notice, observe, keep, find, 注意make后边不能跟现在分词作补语。
13．过去分词作宾补
在 have, make, see, watch, feel, hear, notice, observe, keep, find, get后
如： get one's hair cut
have one's hair cut
make oneself understood
keep one's mouth shut
find the work done
14．上述凡能跟宾语补足语的动词, 当它们出现在被动语态的句子中时, 原来被称为宾语补足语的部分则被称为主语补足语。需要指出的一点是, 原来不定式作宾补省略to的动词变成被动语态时, to不能省。
A．We call him Lao Wang.
主 谓 宾补
He is called Lao wang.
主 谓 主 补
B．We made him copy the sentence.
主 谓 宾 补
He is made to copy the sentence.
主 谓 主补
C．We asked him to sing us a song.
主 谓 宾 补
He is asked to sing us a song.
主 谓 补
需要说明的地方是have sb. do sth.一般不用于被动语态。 let sb. do sth.一般情况下也不用被动语态。
Students
1．What do you mean by the objective complement?
2．在一个句子中谓语动词是及物动词时, 后边必须跟宾语, 如果宾语后边仍有一个能与它构成逻辑上主谓关系的部分, 我们则称其为宾语补足语。
C．We hear him singing in the hall.
把him与singing扩展成一个句子则成为：He is singing.
3．什么可以在句子中作宾补？
4．
A．They made him chairman of the meeting.
B．I think（consider） your brother a clever boy.
C．The young father named his baby “Qiang-qiang.”
D．We call this lying.
E．Have you elected Ling-ling manager?
5．They are: elect, make, name, call, think, consider…
6．形容词也可以作宾补：
A．I found the classroom empty.
B．They dyed the silk red.
C．Don't cut the cloth too short.
D．Have you got everything ready?
E．The news almost drove him mad.
7．间或我们还能见到这样的句子：
Don't swallow it whole.
I bought it cheap.
也即是说swallow与buy后边也可跟形容词作宾补, 只是不常用罢了。
8．We use adverbs as well as prepositional phrases to be the objective complements less frequently than we use adjectives.
A．请叫这些学生们立即回来。
B．只见他脱下了帽子。
C．是John把孩子带上楼的。
D．我把两块木头接到了一起。
E．请你们不要践踏草地。
F．我们希望谈话快点结束。
9．We think it a bit difficult for us students to use adverbs to be the objective complements.
10．不定式作宾补分带to与不带to两种。因为在做练习时我们常见到这样的句子：
We saw him enter the hall.
I forced him to tell me the truth.
另外help后边的不定式不论是作宾语还是作宾语补足语, to省与不省没有关系。
11．With“to”:
A．I believe him to be honest.
B．He allowed me to use his car.
C．All parents forbid their children to play with fire.
D．Can you get some students to help me with the work?
E．What caused the Second World War to break out?
12．
A．It's too cold inside, please keep the fire burning.
B．When I pushed the door open,
I found him lying in bed, sleeping.
13．
A．He saw his face reflected in the water.
B．I heard it spoken of in the next room.
C．I'll get it done in one day or two.
D．How much will it cost to have it repaired ?
E．We observed the door unlocked.
14．
A．He is seen to stand up and go out.
只见他站起来并走了出去。
B．He was observed to open the window.
有人见到他把窗子打开。
C．The students were watched to play basketball.
人们观看学生们打篮球。
D．Air can be felt to be exist if you blow to your hand.
如果你对着手吹气, 就能感觉到空气的存在。
E．They were encouraged to practise speaking English.
人们鼓励他们练习讲英语。
四、精选题
1．Robert is said ____ abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in. [ ]
A．to have studied
B．to study
C．to be studying
D．to have been studying
2．I saw the man ____ down and the driver ____ away. [ ]
A．knocking； driven
B．knock；driving
C．knocked；driving
D．knocked； drive
3．----Is there anything I can do for you ? [ ]
----I'd like to have these materials ____ by ten o'clock.
A．printed
B．print
C．printing
D．to print
4．who did the teacher ____ an article for the wall newspaper? [ ]
A．has write
B．has written
C．have write
D．have written
答案：1～4 ADAC
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇12：从句(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
从 句
(一)定语从句
(1)as可引起定语从句，常和such, same连用，有时可代表主句所表达的内容，译作“这一点”、“这件事”。
A. My hometown is no longer the same as it was.
B. Such people as you describe are very common now.
C. This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see.
D. As is announced in the papers, our country has launched another man-made earth satellite.
(2)表示地点的名词、表示时间的名词和表示原因的名词作先行词时，关系词不一定是where, when和why。如果它们在定语从句中充当主语或宾语时，则应用which。
I'll never forget the day when you said good-bye to me.
A.
October 1st, 1949 is a day which the Chinese people will never forget.
This is the room where he was born.
B.
This is the room which he bought four weeks ago.
This is the reason why she was absent yesterday.
C.
This is the reason which she gave for her absence yesterday.
(3)在定语从句中关系代词who, that, which等作主语时，谓语应与主句中先行词保持一致。
A. The man who is standing there looks worried.
B. Those who have seen the picture enjoy it very much.
He is one of those boys who are fond of music.
C.
He is the only one of those boys who is fond of music.
(4)定语从句通常和所修饰的先行词紧紧相连，但是如果主句的谓语部分很短，那么定语从句可放在谓语部分后面以保持句子的平衡。
A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
但要注意“我把昨天买的书放在桌上”这个句子。
正：I put the books which I bought yesterday on the desk.
误：I put the books on the desk which I bought yesterday.
(5)当有二个或二个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，用that而不用who, whom, which。
The letter and the little boy that we had discovered disappeared again.
(二)状语从句
(1)注意连词as的一词多义：
A. He had to make a living by selling newspapers as he was only a little boy. (“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句)
B. As he was not well, I decided to go without him. (“由于、鉴于”，引导原因状语从句)
C. He is not the same man as he used to be. (“正如”，定语从句)
D. Things are not always as they seem. (表语从句)
E. Young as he is, he knows a lot. (“虽然，尽管”，让步状语从句)
F. Please state the facts as they are. (“按照，如同”，方式状语从句)
G. The work is not so easy as you imagine. (“像……一样”，比较状语从句)
(2)表示条件的状语从句除由if和whether引导外，还可由unless, suppose, in case, so(as)long as, on condition(that), provided(that)引导，并注意在条件状语从句中不能用将来式。
A. We shall go outing unless it snows.
B. You'll get there in time so long as the bus doesn't break down.
C. You can borrow the book on condition that you do not lend it to anyone else.
D. Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I forget.
E. Suppose he is absent, what shall we do?
F. I will go provided that my expenses are paid.
(3)whatever相当于no matter what, whenever相当于no matter when，以此类推，可引导让步状语从句。
Whatever happens, we're determined to fulfill the task.
A.
No matter what happens, we're determined to fulfill the task.
Whatever dictionary you have, lend it to me.
B.
No matter what dictionary you have, lend it to me.
注意：当whatever作名词性从句的连词时，就不能和no matter交换使用了。
正：Whatever she did is perfect.
误：No matter what she did is perfect.
正：Take whatever you want.
误：Take no matter what you want.
(4)where, when引导的从句，无先行词是状语从句，有先行词则是定语从句。
A. We'll go where the Party needs us. (地点状语从句)
We'll go to the place where the Party needs us. (定语从句)
B. He came when we needed help. (时间状语从句)
He came at a time when we needed help. (定语从句)
(5)while和when的区别
while和when都可作“当……的时候”解，都可引导时间状语从句。while后的从句中谓语动词只能用延续性动词，而when则瞬间动词和延续性动词都可用。
A. My mother entered the room while I was doing some sewing.
B. 正：When I had finished the work, I took a rest.
误：While I had finished the work, I took a rest.
While还可作“而，然而”解，when则没有这个意思。
A. Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative.
B. I am a late riser while my sister is an early bird.
when有时可作and then解，而while却不能。
A. I was wandering through the streets when I caught sight of a tailor's shop.
B. I went out for a walk, when I met John.
(6)though, when, while, if, till, until等引导的状语从句中的省略
当某些表示让步、方式、时间、条件的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同，且谓语动词又包含be动词，那么这种状语从句中的主谓都可省略。
A. The article is very important though(it is)short.
B. When still a boy of ten(When he was still a boy of ten), he started working to support himself.
C. Do not leave the machine till told to do so(till you are told to do so).
D. If (he is) too old to work much, the retired worker is very enthusiastic about neighborhood affairs.
E. While (he was) in school, Kim worked hard to study his chosen subject, computer science.
F. He acted as if (he was) certain of success.
固定词组if(when, where)necessary(possible)是if(when, where) it is necessary (possible)的省略形式。
A. Fill in the blanks with proper articles where(it is) necessary.
B. Whenever possible (Whenever it was possible), one of them would stop him, make him stand at attention and ask him the three questions.
(7)if作“如果”解，引导状语从句，此时应注意从句中谓语动词不能用将来式；if作“是否”解，引导宾语从句，从句中该用什么时态就用什么时态。
A. I don't know if he will come tomorrow. (“是否”，宾语从句)
B. If he comes tomorrow, I'll tell him about it. (“如果”，状语从句)
(三)主语从句
(1)当主语从句在意义上和语法上都完整的情况下，连词必不可少。
A. That she was chosen made us very happy.
B. That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.
当主语从句放在句首使句子显得笨重时，一般把它移到句子后面，前面用引导词it作形式主语。
A. It is strange that he didn't come yesterday.
B. It's not your fault that this has happened.
(2)表示“是否”的主语从句用whether引导，一般不用if引导。
A. Whether or not she will go is up to her to decide.
B. It is not yet known whether they will send a delegation to the conference.
(3)由连接代词(what除外)或连接副词引起的主语从句，可以直接放在句首作主语，也可放到句子后面，前面用it作形式主语。
When we shall have our discussion is still a question.
It is still a question when we shall have our discussion.
但如果句子是疑问形式，就只能用带it的结构了：
Has it been announced who will take part in this important job?
(4)无论主语从句有多长，一般作单数处理。
A. Whether we do it this or that way doesn't matter too much.
B. That you have achieved so much in such a short time is really something unthinkable.
(四)表语从句
(1)系动词后面的从句是表语从句。除be动词以外，常用的系动词还有：
A. 单纯表示一个特征或状态：feel, look, sound, taste, smell, seem, appear;
B. 表示由一种状态变为另一种状态：become, turn, get, grow, fall, go, come, run;
C. 保持某种状态：remain, continue, stay, keep, prove
(2)引导表语从句的连词是that, whether和as if
A. The fact remains that we are still behind the other classes.
B. The question is whether it is worth doing.
C. It looked as if it was going to snow.
(3)请注意“他没来学校的原因是因为他病了”这个句子。
误：The reason why he doesn't come to school is because he is ill.
正：The reason why he doesn't come to school is that he is ill.
(五)宾语从句
(1)宾语从句在双宾语中充当直接宾语。
A. Please advise me which book I should read first.
B. Mr. Smith explained to them that John had told him all about his past when he asked for a job in his factory.
C. You may ask the policeman how you can get to the Shanghai Indoor Stadium.
(2)在介词后面的宾语从句。
A. The Emperor was pleased by what the Prime Minister told him about the cloth.
B. The Swede stood quite still, except that his lips moved slightly.
C. The study also showed that, contrary to what many people believe, if you skip breakfast, you will not lose weight.
(3)带复合宾语的从句中，that引导的从句常常移到后部去，前面用it作形式宾语。
A. I took it for granted that they were not coming.
B. We all thought it a pity that our team should have lost the game.
C. They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.
(4)陈述部分带that从句作宾语时，作反意问句的疑问尾句应与主句的主谓保持一致。
A. I have told him many times that he should observe traffic regulations, haven't I?
B. You never told us why you were late for the last meeting, did you?
当陈述部分的主句是I think(suppose, believe, expect, imagine)时，反意问句的疑问尾句往往与that从句中的主谓保持一致。
A. I don't suppose he cares, does he?
B. I think you two have met before, haven't you?
(六)同位语从句
(1)同位语从句一般跟在某些名词(如idea, news, fact, promise, rumour, hope, belief,
thought, doubt, answer, message)后面，用以说明名词所表示的具体内容，用连词that或连接副词how, when, where等引导。
A. During the first hundred years of my stay in the sea, I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.
B. You have no idea how worried I was!
C. One of the men held the view that what the book said was right.
D. Braille had to face the fact that he would go to a special school for the blind in Paris.
(2)如果主句的谓语很短，为了保持句子平衡，可将谓语放在前面，而将同位语从句放在后面。
A. Several years later, word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.
B. News reached England that they were receiving little care.
(3)在on condition that, in spite of the fact that后的从句也是同位语从句。
A. I'll lend you this money on condition that you give it back in two months. B. He came to the meeting, in spite of the fact that he was very ill.
(4)定语从句和同位语从句的先行词都是名词，如果该引导词既在从句中充当成分，又能代替所修饰的先行词，则是定语从句；
如果该引导词在从句中不充当成分，或虽充当成分却不能代替所修饰的先行词，那么这个句子就是同位语从句。
He didn't tell us the date when he would start. (定语从句)
A.
I have no idea when he will start. (同位语从句)
Often, we read to discover facts that we didn't find in our first reading. (定语从句)
B.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. (同位语从句)
责任编辑：李芳芳
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