初中英语基础冠词语法(共7篇)由网友“cassie”投稿提供,下面是小编给各位读者分享的初中英语基础冠词语法,欢迎大家分享。
篇1:初中英语基础冠词语法
初中英语基础冠词语法
冠词(art.)用在名词前,帮助说明其意义
冠词分为不定冠词a/an和定冠词the,放在名词前、a/3n用在单数可数名词前(a用于辅音音素开头的词前,an用于元音音素开头的词前),初中英语基础语法4-冠词。
1.不定冠词
(1)不定冠词的用法
①泛指—类人或物。
eg.This is a pencil case.
She’S a doctor.
②指不具体的某个人或物。
eg.I met an old man On my way home.
③用在序数词前,相当于another.
eg.There’s a third boy near the shop.
④表示“每—(个)”,相当于every.
eg.They have music lessons twice a week.
⑤固定搭配。
a lot Of,a lot,a little,a few,a glass Of,such a/an, have a word with,have a look,have a try,have a swim,a quarter,half an hour, three times a day,have a talk,give a talk,ten Yuan a kilo
(2)不定冠词的位置
①不定冠词—般放在所修饰的单数可数名词前。
eg,a bike,an egg
②当名词被such,what,many修饰时,不定冠词放在这些词之后。
eg.It took me half an hour to finish my homework.
He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.
What a dangerous job it is!
Many a man has gone to the big cities for work.
③当名词前的形容词前有so,how,too等词时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后。
Eg. She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.
How nice a film this is!
④当名词前面有形容词和quite,rather,very时,不定冠词放在quite,rather之后,very之前。
eg.It is quite a good book.
That is rather a useful too1.
This is a very interesting story
2.定冠词的用法表示上文中所提到过的'人或物。
eg:l have two children,a boy and a girl.The boy’s name is Mark.The girl’s name is Penny.
(2)特指某(些)人或物。
eg: The girl in a red dress comes from America.
(3)指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或物。
eg: My shoes are under the bed.
(4)用在形容最高级和部分比较级前。
eg Tom is the taller of the two boys.
(5)用在序数词前。
eg Monday is the second day of a week.
(6)yo用在世界上独一无二的事物前(如太阳、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙等),英语语法《初中英语基础语法4-冠词》。
cg The moon moves round the earth.
(7)用在某些形容词前,表示—类人或物。
the rich(富人),the poor(穷人),the deaf(聋人),the blind(盲人),the dead(死者),the wounded(伤员)
(8)用在姓氏复数前,表示“某某—家人”或“某某夫妇”。
eg.The Greens are having dinner at home.
(9)用在乐器前。
eg.play the piano/guitar/violin/drums.
(10)用于逢“十”的复数数词前,指某个世纪中的几十年代或人的大约年岁。
eg. In the 1970s,a highway was built to linkup the city with my hometown.
I think he is in the thirties.
(11)用在某些专有名词和习惯用语中。
the United Nations,the Great Wall,the Summer Palace,the Palace Museum,in the end,in the day,in the middle Of,all the time,in the east,by the way,On the way tO,the(more)……
the(more)…“越…越…”
3.不用冠词的情况
(1)名词前有指示代词this,that,these,those时不用冠词。
eg.That girl is my friend.
(2)名词前有物主代词my,your,his her,their等时不用冠词。
eg.Lucy is her sister.
(3)名词前有whose,which,SO[1ie,any,each,every等代词时不用冠词。
eg.Which man is Mr Green?
Each student has a beautiful picture.
(4)复数名词表示一类人或物时不用冠词。
eg.Those young men are teachers,not students.
(5)物质名词表示种类时不用冠词。
eg.Snow is white.
(6)抽象名词表示一般概念时不用冠词。
eg.Does she like music?
(7)在球类运动和棋类游戏前时不用冠词。
eg.play basketball/soccer/chess
(8)在三餐前不用冠词。
eg.have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner
(9)在人名、地名、节假日、星期、月份前不用。
eg. Tina,China,Tiananmen Square,Beijing,University,New Year’s Day,Tuesday,January
(10)在学科和节目名称前不用冠词。
eg.My favorite is English.
(11)在某些固定搭配中不用冠词。
eg.at noon, at work,at home,by bus, by air,On foot,from morning till night,at night,gO tO school,go to bed,at last
4.在有些词组中,用冠词和不用冠词意思有较大区别。
in hospital(在住院);in the hospital(在医院)
in prison(在坐牢);in the prison(在监狱里)
at table(吃饭,用餐);at the table(在桌旁)
in front of(在某个范围之外的前面);in the front of(在某个范围之外的前面)
go to college(上大学);go to the college(去那所大学)
take place(发生);take the place(代替)
篇2:初中英语冠词的语法
初中英语冠词的语法归纳
—、冠词的定义
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。
冠词可以说是名词的一种标志,它不能离开名词而独立存在。表示的名词数量或者特征 。
(1)冠词的分类
冠词分为不定冠词“a,an”、定冠词“the”和零冠词“(/)”三种,零冠词指的是不用冠词的情况。
口诀:
a与an两种体,不重数量相当“一”
可数名词首次提,有时还可表“每一”
a tiger an hour a university
an apple an old friend
a friend a student
an English teacher
不定冠词有“a和an”两种形式。“a”用在以辅音音素开头的词前,而不是辅音字母前;“an”用在以元音音素开头的词前,而不是元音字母前
(2) 不定冠词的用法
1.a和an均用在单数名词之前,表示某一 类人或事物。
Tom is a hard-working student.
汤姆是一个勤奋的学生。
Kate is an English teacher.
凯特是一个英语老师。
2.指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。
A steel worker makes steel.
钢铁工人炼铁。
Pass me an apple,please.
请递给我一个苹果。
3.泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。
A student wants to see you.
有个学生想见你。
A girl is waiting for you outside.
有个女孩正在外面等你。
4.表示“每一”的意 思,相当于every。
Take the medicine three times a day.
这种药每天吃三次。
They go to see their grandparents once a week.
他们每周去看一次他们的祖父母。
用在一些固定搭配里:
have a walk散步
have a rest休息
have a look看一看
in a hurry匆匆忙忙
make a face做鬼脸
do somebody a favour帮某人忙
a number of许多
have a good time玩得愉快
have a cold感冒
have a headache头痛
定冠词的用法口诀:
特指双熟悉,上文已提及;
世上独无二,序数最高级;
家人代乐器,形分类人一。
1.特指某(些)人或某 (些)事物
The book on the desk is an English dictionary.
Beijing is the capital of China.
2.指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。
Open the door,please.
Jack is in the library.
3.上文提到过的人或 事物。
Yesterday John’s father bought him a
new bike.The bike cost him 200 yuan.
4. 表示世界上独一无二的事物。
The sun is bigger than the moon.
用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。
Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
January is the first month of the year.
5.用在某些形容词之前,表示某一类人或事物。
The nurse is kind to the sick.
We should take good care of the old.
6.用在姓氏复数之前,表示“某某一家人”,“某 某夫妇”
The Browns have been in China for over two years.
用在一些固定搭配 里面。
in the morning/afternoon上/下午
in the sun在阳光下
in the same way同样
in the daytime白天
in the end最终
on the other hand另一方面
on the contrary相反
冠词的用法
I. 不定冠词的用法:
1指一类人或事,相当于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.
2第一次提及某人某物,非特指A boy is waiting for you.
3表示“每一”相当于every,oneWe study eight hours a day.
4表示“相同”相当于the sameWe are nearly of an age.
5用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out That boy is rather a Lei Feng.
6用于固定词组中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time 7用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one. 8用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.
II. 定冠词的用法:
1表示某一类人或物The horse is a useful animal.
2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean
3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door?
4用于乐器前面play the violin, play the guitar
5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded
6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”the Greens, the Wangs
7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two children.
8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海,山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French
9用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China.
10在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年代in the 1990’s
11用于表示单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.
12用于方位名词,身体部位名词,及表示时间的词组前He patted me on the shoulder.
III. 零冠词的用法:
1专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名地名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air
2名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?
3季节,月份,星期,节假日,一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring
4表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America.
5学科,语言,球类,棋类名词前He likes playing football/chess.
6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前by train, by air, by land
7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night
8 表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals.
零冠词的用法口诀
下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前;
专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭;
复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前;
颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。
篇3:初中英语基础语法
初中英语基础语法
1、主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。
2、谓语
谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。一般可分为两类:
1),简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。
We study for the people. 我们为人民学习。
2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式
I can speak a little English. 我可以说一点英语。
3、表语
表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。
My sister is a nurse. 我姐姐是护士。
4、宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。
We like English. 我们喜欢英语。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。
He gave me some ink. 他给了我一点墨水。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如:
We make him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。
5、定语
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。
He is a new student. 他是个新生。
但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。
The bike in the room is mine 房间里的自行车是我的。
6、状语
修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。
用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。
He lives in London. 他住在伦敦。
7.补语
用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作,因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整,如:make(使...),ask(请)等等。如果我们说:我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说:我们使我们的祖国更美丽。这是的“美丽的(beautiful)”为形容词做补语,说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:Wewill make our country more beautiful.作补语的词或词组为:形容词,副词,名词,不定式,-ing形式,数词等。
8.宾补
就是宾语补足语,就是补充说明宾语的。
例:I knowyou are student good at maths .
在这个句子中,good at maths 就是补语。宾语补语也可以是句子,所以这个句子也可以是:
I know you are student who is good at maths
还可以是-ing 形式I see you crossing the street
简单说就是补充和说明主语和宾语的成分.因此,就出现了主语补足语和宾语补足语.上面两位举的例子都不错.只是热雪冰冷的宾补的句子例子不是很恰当哦.他的例子是定语从句啊还有主语补足语可以是表语。
例如:Tomis a student.student是对Tom的解释与说明. 另外,Tom was seen playing on the playground.这个句子中playing是对Tom的解释说明是主补
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下:
基本句型一:SV(主+谓)
基本句型二:SVP(主+谓+表)
基本句型三:SVO(主+谓+宾)
基本句型四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
基本句型五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)
初中英语最重要的100个基础句型
1. want to do sth 想做某事
I want to go to school.
我想去上学。
2. want sb to do sth 想让某人做某事
I want my son to go to school.
我想让我的儿子去上学。
3. be different from 与......不同
The weather in Beijing is different fromthat of Nanjing.
北京的天气和南京的不同。
4. be the same as 与……相同
His trousers are the same as mine.
他的裤子和我的一样。
5. be friendly to sb 对某人友好
Mr. Wang is very friendly to us.
王先生对我们非常友好。
6. welcome to sp 欢迎来到某地
Welcome to China.
欢迎来到中国。
7. What’s the matter withsb/sth?某人/某物出什么毛病了?
What’s the matter withyour watch?
你的手表怎么了?
8. what to do 做什么
We don’t know what to donext.
我们不知道接下来要做什么。
9. let sb do sth 让某人做某事
Let him enter the room.
让他进入房间。
10. let sb not do sth 让某人不做某事
Let him not stand in the rain.
让他不要站在雨中。
11. why don’t you do sth? 你怎么不做某事呢?
Why don’t you play footballwith us?
你怎么不和我们踢足球呢?
12. why not do sth? 怎么不做某事呢?
Why not play football with us?
为什么不和我们踢足球呢?
13. make sb sth 为某人制造某物
My father made me a kite.
我爸爸给我做了一个风筝。
14. make sth for sb 为某人制造某物
My father made a kite for me.
我爸爸给我做了一个风筝。
15. What do you mean by doing sth?你做……是什么意思
What do you mean by doing that?
你做那件事情是什么意思?
16. like doing sth 喜爱做某事
Jim likes swimming.
吉姆喜欢游泳。
17. like to do sth 想去做某事
He doesn’t like to swim now.
他现在不想去游泳。
18. feel like doing sth 想要做某事
I feel like eating bananas.
我想要吃香蕉。
19. would like to do sth 想要做某事
Would you like to go rowing with me?
你想要和我一起去划船吗?
20. would like sb to do sth 想要某人做某事
I’d like you to staywith me tonight.
我想你今晚和我待在一起。
21. make sb do sth 使某人做某事
His brother often makes him stay in thesun.
他哥哥经常让他晒太阳。
22. let sb do sth 让某人做某事
Let me sing a song for you.
让我为你唱支歌吧。
23. have sb do sth 使某人做某事
You shouldn’t have the studentswork so hard.
你不应该让学生这么努力学习。
24. be far from sp 离某地远
His school is far from his home.
他的学校离他家远。
25. be near to sp 离某地近
The hospital is near to the post office.
医院离邮局很近。
26. be good at sth/doing sth 擅长某事/做某事
We are good at English.
我们擅长英语。
They are good at boating.
他们擅长划船。
27. It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间
It took me more than a year to learn todraw a beautiful horse in five minutes.
学会在五分钟内画一匹漂亮的马花了我一年多的时间。
28. sb spends some time/money (in )doing sth 某人花一些时间/钱做某事
I spent twenty years(in)writing thenovel.
我花了写这部小说。
29. sb spends some time/money on sth 某人花一些时间/钱在某事/物上
Jim spent 1000 yuan on the bike.
吉姆花了1000元买这辆自行车。
30. sth costs sb some money 某物花了某人一些钱
The bike cost Jim 1000 yuan.
这辆行车花了吉姆1000元。
31. sb pays some money for sth 某人为某物付了一些钱
Jim paid 1000 yuan for the bike.
吉姆花了1000元买这辆自行车。
32. begin/start sth with sth 伴随......开始做某事
The started the meeting with a song.
伴随着一首歌,我们开始了会议。
33. be going to do sth 打算做某事
We are going to study in Japan.
我们打算去日本学习。
34. call A B 叫A B
They called the village Gumtree.
他们叫这个村庄桉树。
35. thank sb for sth/doing sth 感谢某人做某事
Thank you for your help/helping me.
感谢你的帮助。
36. What…for? 为什么?
What do you learn English for?
你为什么学英语?
37. How/ what about doing sth?做某事怎么样?
How about going fishing?
去钓鱼怎么样?
38. S +be+ the+最高级+of/in短语
Lucy is the tallest in her class.
露西在她班里是最高的。
39. S + be +比较级+than any other +n
Lucy is taller than any other student inher class.
露西在班里比其他任何一个学生都高。
40. have to do sth 不得不/必须做某事
I have to go home now.
我现在必须要回家了。
41. had better do sth 最好做某事
You’d better studyEnglish hard.
你最好努力学习英语。
42. had better not do sth 最好别做某事
You’d better not stayup.
你最好不要熬夜。
43. help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事
Lucy often helps Lily to wash her clothes.
露西经常帮助莉莉她的洗衣服。
44. help sb do st 帮助某人做某事
He usually helps me learn English.
他经常帮助我学习英语。
45. help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事
I sometimes help my mother with thehousework.
我有时帮助我的妈妈做家务。
46. make it +时间 把时间定在......
Let’s make it 8:30.
让我们把时间定在8:30吧。
47. take sb to sp 带某人到某地
Mr. Wang will take us to the Summer Palacenext Sunday.
下周日,王先生将带我们去颐和园。
49. have nothing to do (with sb)与某人没有关系
That has nothing to do with me.
那和我没有关系。
50. 主语+ don’t think + 从句 ......认为……不……
I don’t think it will raintomorrow.
我认为明天不会下雨。
51. It’s + adj + for sb todo sth 做某事对某人来说怎么样
It is lucky for you to go to London.
去伦敦对你来说是幸运的。
52. How + adj/adv + 主+ 谓!......多么…...啊!
How beautiful the flower is!
这朵花多么漂亮啊!
53. what + a/an + adj + [c] + 主+ 谓!
What an beautiful flower it is!
它是多么漂亮的一朵花啊!
54. What + adj+ pl/[u] +主+ 谓!
What bad weather it is today!
今天天气多么糟糕啊!
55. find it + adj + to do sth 发现做某事如何
I find it hard to speak English well.
我发现说好英语很难。
56. ask sb for sth 向某人要某物
They often ask me for money.
他们经常向我要钱。
57. need to do sth 需要做某事
You need to study hard.
你需要努力学习。
58. need sth 需要某物
I don’t need your money.
我不需要你的钱。
59. use sth to do sth 用某物来做某事
We use pens to write.
我们用钢笔写字。
60. show sb sth 给某人看某物
Please show me the map.
请给我看看地图。
61. show sth to sb 把某物给某人看
Please show the map to me.
请把地图给我看看。
62. pass sb sth 把某物递给某人
Pass me the cup of tea.
递给我咖啡。
63. pass sth to sb 把某物递给某人
Pass the cup of tea to me.
把咖啡递给我。
64. buy sb sth 为某人买某物
Mother bought me a bike.
妈妈给我买了一辆自行车。
65. buy sth for sb 为某人买某物
Mother bought a bike for me.
妈妈给我买了一辆自行车。
66. give sb sth 把某物给某人
Jim gave me an English dictionary.
吉姆给我一本英语字典。
67. give sth to sb 把某物给某人
Jim gave an English dictionary to me.
吉姆给我一本英语字典。
68. get to sp 达到某地
I got to Beijing on the morning of May 1st.
5月1日早晨我到了北京。
69. arrive at/in sp 达到某地
I arrived in Beijing on the morning of May1st.
5月1日早晨我到了北京。
70. reach sp 达到某地
I reached Beijing on the morning of May1st.
5月1日早晨我到了北京。
71. hope to do sth 希望某人做某事
I hope to see you soon.
我希望不久见到你。
72. there is sth wrong with sth/sb 某物/某人出毛病了
There is something wrong my car.
我的车出了毛病。
73. sth is wrong with……某物出毛病了
Something is wrong with my car.
我的车出了毛病。
74. How do you like sth? 你认为……怎么样
How do you like Beijing?
你认为北京怎么样?
75. What do you think of sth? 你认为……怎么样?
What do you think of Beijing?
你认为北京怎么样?
76. start doing sth 开始做某事
I started learning English in 1983.
我在1983年开始学习英语。
77. start to do sth 开始做某事
I started to watch TV after finishing myhomework.
完成作业后我开始看电视。
78. finish doing sth 完成做某事
I finished cleaning my car just now.
我刚才清洗了我的车。
79. enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事
They all enjoy living and working in China.
他们都喜欢在中国生活和工作。
80. what else… 别的什么
What else do you want to buy?
你还想买别的什么吗?
81. forget doing sth 忘记做过某事(已做)
I forgot turning off the lights. Look, it is darkin the room.
我忘记关过灯了。看,房间里黑着。
82. forget to do sth 忘了做某事(未做)
I forgot to turn off the lights. Couldyou go back and shut them off?
我忘记关灯了。你能回去关上吗?
83. remember doing sth 记得做过某事(已做)
I remembered returning your money. You areso forgetful.
我记得还给你钱了。你是如此健忘。
84. remember to do sth 记住做某事(未做)
Remember to bring me some moneytomorrow.
记得明天给我带一些钱来。
85. stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事
He stopped to talk with Mary when sheentered the office.
当玛丽走进办公室时,他停下来和她谈话。
86. stop doing sth 停止正在做的事
The students stopped talking when theteacher came in.
当老师进来的时候,学生们停止了谈论。
87. watch/see/hear sb do sth 观看/看见/听见某人做了某事
I saw you pick an apple just now.
刚才,我看见你捡起了一个苹果。
88. watch/see/hear sb doing sth 观看/看见/听见某人在做某事
I saw you playing basketball with yourclassmates on the playground then.
那时,我看到你正和你的同学们在操场上踢足球。
89. go on doing sth 继续做同一件事
He went on reading after a short rest.
在短暂的休息后,他继续读书。
90. go on to do sth 继续做另一件事
He went on to read after finishing wash thedishes.
在洗完盘子后,他继续阅读。
91. go on with sth 继续某事
He went on with his work after a shortrest.
在短暂的休息后,他继续他的工作。
92. say hello/goodbye to sb 向某人打招呼/告别
I came to say goodbye to you.
我来是和你告别的。
93. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
They are busy planting trees on the hill.
他们正忙着在山上植树。
94. be interested in sth 对某事感兴趣
We are all interested in English.
我们都对英语感兴趣。
95. tell sb to do sth 让某人做某事
Mother told me to go shopping with her.
妈妈让我和她去购物。
96. ask sb to do sth 请某人做某事
Jim ask me to go rowing with him.
吉姆请我和他去划船。
97. call/ring sb up 给某人打电话
I will call you up tommow.
我明天会给你打电话。
98. be ready to do sth 准备好做某事
We are ready to have lunch.
我们准备好吃午饭。
99. go doing sth 去做某事
Let’s go fishing.
让我们去钓鱼吧。
100. prefer(doing)A to(doing)B 比起(做)B来更喜欢(做)A
Lucy prefers English to French.
比起法语来,我更喜欢英语。
I prefer staying at home to going to thecinema.
比起去看电影来,我更喜欢待在家里。
篇4:英语冠词的语法基础
英语冠词的语法基础
冠词可分为不定冠词和定冠词两种形式。 不定冠词有 a, an。 定冠词有 the. 其中, a 用在发音以辅音开头的名词之前, 而 an 则 用在 发音以元音开头的名词之前。不定冠词的用法:
1) 表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用,表示一个。
I gave1 him a book yesterday.
我昨天给了他一本书。
I am reading2 an interesting story .
我在读一本有趣的故事书。
I have got3 a ticket.
我有一张票。
There is a tree in front of my house.
我的屋前有一棵树。
2) 表示人或事物的某一种类, 强调整体, 即以其中的一个代表一类。
A horse is useful4 to mankind5.
马对人类有用。
A bird can fly.
鸟会飞。
A steel6 worker makes steel.
炼钢工人炼钢。
3) 不定冠词用在事物的“单位”前,如时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词之前,表示 “每一”。
We often go to school two times a day.
我们常常一天两次去学校。
I went to the library once a week at least7.
我一星期至少去一次图书馆。
The potato is sold8 at about 30 fen9 a jin.
土豆卖三毛钱一斤。
4) 不定冠词用来指某人某物,但不具体说明任何人或任何物。
A boy came10 to see you a moment ago.
刚才有一个小孩来找你。
I got this tool11 in a shop.
我在商店买的这件工具。
We need a car now.
我们现在需要一辆车。
She is ill, she has to see a doctor.
她病了,她得去看病。
5) 不定冠词用于某些词组。
a few12 几个 a little 有点
She has a few friends in this city.
她在这个城市中有几个朋友。
There is a little milk in the bottle.
瓶子里有点牛奶。
Only a few students are in the classroom.
只有几个学生在教室里。
定冠词的用法。
1) 定冠词特指某(些)人或某(些)事物, 以区别于同类中其他的人或事物。
The bag in the desk is mine.
桌子里的书包是我的。
Is this the book you are looking for?
这是你要找的书吗?
Do you know the man in back?
你知道穿黑色衣服的人是谁吗?
It is not the car we are looking for.
这不是我们要找的车。
The man has found13 his child.
那个人找到了他的孩子。
2) 定冠词用来指上文中已提到过的人或事物。
I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop. The book costs14 15 yuan.
我从新华书店买了一本书. 这本书值十五元。
I saw15 a film yesterday.The film was16 ended at eight o'clock.
我昨天看了一场电影。电影八点钟结束的。
Lucy bought a radio yesterday, but she found something was wrong with the radio.
露西昨天买了一台收音机,但是她发现收音机有问题。
3) 定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或用于自然界现象或方位名词之前。
the sun the moon the earth17
the sky the world the winter night
The sun is bigger than the moon.
太阳比月亮大。
I can see a bird in the sky.
我能看到天空中有一只小鸟。
I like to have a walk with the bright moon light in the evening.
我愿晚上在明亮的月光下散步。
4) 定冠词与单数名词连用,表示这一类人或物。
The dog is not too danger18.
狗不太危险。
The cat is an animal.
猫是一种动物。
The umbrella in the shop is very cheap in this season.
这个季节商店里的雨伞很便宜。
5) 定冠词与某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化, 表示某一类人。
the poor, the rich, the wounded19, the sick, the deaf20.
The wounded were brought21 to the hospital.
受伤者被送到了医院。
He always helps the poor.
他经常帮助穷人。
The deaf can go to this special school.
耳聋者可以进这所特殊学校上学。
6) 用在序数词, 形容词最高级和表示方位的名词前。
This is the biggest city in China I have ever22 visited.
这是我在中国参观的最大的城市。
I saw a plane coming from the east.
我看见一架飞机从东方飞来。
He is the last one to help me.
他不会来帮助我的。
7) 定冠词用在演奏乐器的名称和文艺活动,运动场所的名称前。
The little girl likes to play the violin.
小女孩喜欢拉小提琴。
They are going23 to the cinema tonight.
他们今晚要去影院看电影。
The theater24 was on fire last week.
剧院昨天着火了。
8) 定冠词用在报刊,杂志的名称的名词之前。
I am reading the China Daily25 now.
我现在正读中国日报。
Have you got the Evening Paper yet26?
你拿到晚报了吗?
The Times is a foreign27 newspaper.
泰晤士报是一家外国报纸。
The Peking Review28 is on the desk.
北京周报在桌子上放着。
9) 定冠词用在江河,海洋,山脉,群岛的名称之前。
We live near the Yellow River.
我们住在黄河边上。
The Changjiang River is the biggest one in China.
长江是中国最大的河。
The Himalayas is located29 in Tibet30.
喜马拉雅山位于西藏。
10) 定冠词用在姓名复数之前,表示一家人。
The Greens is very kind to us.
格林一家人待我们很好。
The Whites like the classic31 music.
怀特一家喜欢古典音乐。
不用冠词的场合。
1) 专有名词,抽象名词和物质名词之前一般不用冠词。
China is a largest country in the world.
中国是世界上最大的国家。
I think water is a kind of food, too.
我认为水也是一种食物。
Cotton32 feels soft.
棉花摸起来柔软。
2) 表示日常餐食名词之前不用冠词,但如果指具体的饮食时用定冠词 the。
It's time for breakfast.
该吃早饭了。
What do you have for lunch?
你午饭吃点什么?
The dinner I had33 at that restaurant was expensive.
我在那家饭店吃的饭很贵。
3) 在季节,月份,星期,节日。球类运动,棋类游戏的名词之前不用冠词。
Summer is hot and winter is cold here.
这儿夏天热冬天冷。
New Year's Day is coming.
新年就要到啦。
Today is the first day of May.
今天是五月的第一天。
We are going to play basketball this afternoon.
今天下午我们要去打篮球。
We don't like bridge34 very much.
我们不太喜欢桥牌。
4)语言的名称前不用冠词。
Can you speak English?
你会讲英语吗?
It's difficult to learn Chinese well.
要学好中文很难。
Tom knows English but he doesn't know French35.
汤姆懂英语但不懂法语。
5) 某些固定词组不用冠词。
by air, on foot, at night, after school, at home, go to class, in fact36, from morning till37 night.
I'm going to Chicago38 by air next week.
下周我要乘飞机去芝加哥。
I go to school on foot .
我步行去学校上学。
In fact, I don't know him at all.
实际上,我一点也不认识他。
He is at home today.
他今天在家。
篇5:初中英语基础语法1-名词
初中英语基础语法1-名词
英语中的词可以根据词义、语法功能和形式特征分为十大类,即名词(noun)、代词(pronoun)、形容词(adjective)、副词(adverb)、动词(verb)、数词(numeral)、冠词(article)、介词(preposition)、连词(conjunctions)和感叹词(interjection)。名词(n.)
一、名词(n.) 表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词
(一)名词的分类
名词分为普通名词和专有名词,其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词可用作单数,也可用作复数。
可数名词包括个体名词(表示一类人或物的个体。如:boy,desk,cat,window)和集体名词(由若干
个体组成的集合体。如:family,class,police)。
不可数名词包括物质名词(表示无法分为个体的实物。如:water,paper,silk,money)和抽象名词(表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念。如:work,happiness,music,difficulty,housework)
专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等。如:Tom,the Great Wall,the Spring Festival,France,the United States)
(二)名词的数
1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种:
(1)一般情况下,在词尾加s.
eg.book――books,dog――dogs,pen――pens,boy――boys
以轻辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为[s],以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为〔z〕。
(2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词名词变复数时,要在词尾加es.
eg.beach――beaches,brush――brushes,bus――buses,box―boxes(es读音为〔iz〕
(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加es.
eg.city――cities,family――families,documentary――documentaries,country――countries,
strawberry――strawberries(ies读音为[iz])
(注:以“元音字母+y”结尾的词,直接在词尾加-s.eg.boys,holidays,days)
(4)以元音字母。结尾的'名词,变复数时情况如下:
①加eg.tomato―tomatoes,potato―potatoes
②结尾是两个元音字母的加s,eg.zoo―zoos,radio――radios
③某些外来词变复数时词尾加s,eg. piano―pianos
④一些名词的缩写形式变复数时,词尾加s,
eg.photo(photograph)――photos,kilo(kilogram)kilos
⑤zero变复数时,既可加s,也可加 eg.zeros/zeroes
(5)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时,先把f或fe变为v,再加es.
eg.wife――wives,leaf leaves,half――halves,knife―knives,thief――thieves(res读音为[vz]
(注意:roof的复数为roofs; scarf的复数为scarfs/scarves)
(6)有些名词由单数变复数时,不是在词尾加s或es,而是变换其中的字母。
eg.man――men,woman――women,policeman――policemen,Englishman――Englishmen,Frenchman――Frenchmen, foot――feet, tooth――teeth, child――children,mouse―mice,Ox―Oxen(公牛)
(7)还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。
eg.Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish
(8)另一些名词本身即是复数形式,不可用作单数。
eg,people,police,trousers,pants,clothes,scissors
另外,①当一个名词作定语说明另一个名词时,这个名词一般用单数。
eg.an apple tree,five apple trees,a girl friend,two girl friends,a twin sister
但是,当man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时,就要用其复数形式。
eg.two men teachers,three women doctors
②可用“量词+of+名词复数”这一结构表示可数名词的数量。
eg.a room Of students,two boxes Of pencils
2.不可数名词一般没有复数形式,它的“量”的表示方式如下。
(1)表不定数量时,一般用much,(a)little,a lot of/lots of,some,any等词修饰。
eg,much money,a little bread
(2)表确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词。如:two/three/…+量词复数十of+不可数名词。
eg.a bag Of rice,two glasses Of milk,four bottles Of water
3.有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词,但词义有所不同。
eg: fruit水果――fruits表示不同种类的水果;food食物――foods各种食品;fish鱼――fishes鱼的种类;drink饮料、酒――a drink一杯/一份饮料、一杯酒; cloth布――,a cloth桌布、抹布; sand沙――sands沙滩; tea茶――a tea一杯茶;chicken鸡肉――a chicken小鸡;orange橘汁――an orange橘子; glass玻璃――a glass玻璃杯,glasses眼镜; paper纸――a paper试卷、论文;wood木头――a wood小森林;room空间、余地――a room房间
(三)名词的所有格(表示人或物的所属关系)
(1)有生命的名词所有格以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所有格。
①不是以s结尾的名词变成所有格时,在词尾加’s.
eg.Mike’s watch;Women’s Day
②以s结尾的名词变成所有格时,只加’。
eg.teachers’office,students’rooms
③两个或两个以上名词并列,表示共同所有,只需在最后一个名词后加’s.
eg.Tom and Mike’s room汤姆和迈克的房间(表示汤姆和迈克共有一间房)
④两个或两个以上名词并列,表示分别所有,需在几个名词后都加’s.
eg.Mary’s and Jenny’s bikes玛丽和詹妮的自行车(表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车)
(2)无生命的事物的名词所有格常用of结构
eg.a map Of China,the beginning Of this game,the door Of the room
(3)特殊形式
①可用’s和of短语表示的名词所有格
eg.the boy’s name=the name Of the boy(男孩的名字)
the dog’s legs=the legs of the dog(狗的腿)
China’s population=the population Of China(中国的人口)
China’s capital=the capital of China(中国的首都)
②双重所有格
eg.a fiend of my mother’s我妈妈的一个朋友
a picture of Tom’s汤姆的一张图片
篇6:初中英语基础语法5-数词
初中英语基础语法5-数词
数词六、数词
(一)基数词 在英语中表示数目的词称为基数词。
1.基数词的构成
(1)1-20
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,
sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty
(2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty―five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one
(3)101―999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;
586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three
(4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为
million,第三个“,”前为billion(美式)或thousand ,million(英式),然后一节一节地表示。
1,001→one thousand and one
9,785→nine thousand, seven hundred and eighty-five
18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three
6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty, billion(美式) seven hundred and fifty thousand million(英式)
2.基数词的用法
(1)作主语
eg.Four Of them come from Paris.
(2)作宾语
eg.一 How many books would you like?
一I would like two.
(3)作表语
eg.Seven minus two is five.
(4)作定语
eg.There are three people in my family・
(5)作同位语
eg. You two will go swimming with us.
(6)表具体数字时,hundred,thousand,million用单数。
eg. There are six hundred students in our grade.
(7)表不确定的数字时,数词用复数。若带名词,再加of hundreds of(数百,成百上千的),thousands of(数干,成千上万的),millions of(数百万)
eg,They arrived in two sand threes.他们三三两两地来了。
(8)表示“…十”的数词的复数可以表示人的岁数或年代。
eg. He is in his early thirties.他有三十来岁(31―34岁):
This took place in the 1930s.这事发生在二十世纪三十年代;
(9)表示时刻
eg.I watch CCTV News at seven o’clock every evening.
(二)序数词 在英语中表示顺序、次序的词称为序数词。
1.序数词的构成
(1)一般在基数词后加th
eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth
(2)不规则变化
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve――~twelfih
(3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th
twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth
(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。
twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth
2.序数词的`用法
(1)序数词作定语时,一般要与定冠词或物主代词连用。
eg.Tom is their second son.
He is the first one to come here.
(2)序数词有时可与不定冠词连用,表示数量上“又―”,“再一”
eg: He tried a second time.他又试了―次。
Shall l ask him a third time?还要我再问他―次吗?我已问了他两次)
(3)序数词的缩写形式为:阿拉伯数字加上这个词的末尾两个字母。
1st 2nd,3rd,4th,20th,21st,22nd,23rd
(4表示年、月、日时,年用基数词,日用序数词。
8月15日:(英)15,8,=15th,August,2005;(美)8,15,2005=August 15th,2005
(三)基数词和序数词都可以用来给数字编号。
No.1(1号),No.3bus(3路公共汽车),Room 103,(103号旁间)
The first lesson=Lesson Two(第二课)
(四)分数词的表达
分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母加s
eg.1/3-one third;2/5-two fifths
(五)数学运算的表达
eg.3+5=8 Three plus/and five is eight.
9-2=7 Nine minus two is seven.
6x5=30 Five times six is thirty /six unutilized five is thirty.
8÷2=4 Eight divided by two is four.
篇7:初中英语基础语法6-介词
初中英语基础语法6-介词
介词七、介词
(一)表示时间的介词
(1)at
①接具体时间:eg.at six,at half past two,at ten to twelve
②表示“在…时刻”;eg: at noon,at midnight
(2)in
①表示“在(某段时间段)之间”;
eg.in January,in a month,in spring,in 2005
②在将来时中,表示“在某段时间之后”
eg.In ten years,I think I’ll be a reporter.
(3)on
表示在具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上等。
eg. On Monday,On Tuesday afternoon,On May4th,On the morning of July 6th
(二)固定搭配的介词
(1)动词+介词:look after,look at,look for,laugh at,listen to,hear from,turn On,turn off, wait for,worry about,think of,spend……On
(2)介词十名词:by train,on foot,at the end of ,at last,in the end,in trouble,at table,at breakfast,
in hospital,in time,On time, On one’s way to,with pleasure
(3)be+形容词+介词:be afraid of ,be good at,be good/bad for, be late for,be interested in,be angry, with,be full of,be sorry for
连词
八、连词(conj.用来连接词与词或句与句
(1)并列连词(用来连接平行的词、词组或分句)
①表并列关系:not only……but also,neither……nor,and
②表选择关系:or,either……or
③表转折关系:but,while
④表因果关系:for,so
(2)从属连词(用来引导从句)
①引导时间状语从句: after,before,when,while,as,until,till,since,as soon as
②引导原因状语从句:because,as,since
③引导目的状语从句:so that,in order that
④引导结果状语从句:so that,so…that,such……that
⑤引导比较状语从句:than,as…as
⑥引导宾语从句:that,if, whether
动词
九、动词(verb.)动词表示主语的动作或状态
(一)动词的种类。
(1)及物动词vt,其后接宾语。
eg.She wears a uniform.
(2)不及物动词vi,不接宾语。
eg :She can dance.
(3)连系动词like-v.接表语。
eg.They are nurses.
That sounds interesting.
His mother looks young.
If you keep milk for too long, it goes bad.
(4)助动词aux――V.接动词原形或分词(它无实在意思,只起语法作用)。
eg, DO you like pandas?
He has gone to Australia.
She is looking at the cat.
(5)情态动词mod-v.接动词原形(它不能单独作谓语,有自己的意思,无人称和数的变化)。
Eg. He must go now.
You should clean the classroom after class.
(6)有些动词既可作及物动词,也可作助动词或不及物动词,be也可作助动词。
eg.I do my homework after class.(Vt.)
Do as you like.(Vi.)
She is a little bit quiet.(mod-v.)
She is swimming now.(aux-v.)
(二)情态动词的用法
[1]can,could,may的用法
l .can/could
(1)表示具有某种能力,意为“能、能够、会”(could表过去)。
eg.I can sing English songs.
Lisa can’t speak Japanese.
She could swim when she was four years old.
(2)表示许:可、允许,意为“可以”。
eg.Can we watch TV now?
You can’t play computer games in the morning.
(3)表示请求某人做某事,意为“能,能够”(用could使晤气更委婉)。
eg.Can/Could you help me,please?
(4)表示推测“可能”,多用于否定句和疑问句中。(表肯定推测可用must,might,could等)
cg.it can’t be true.这不可能是真的。
Where can he have gone?他可能会去哪儿呢?
2.may/might
(1)表示许可、允许,意为“可以”,比can更正式。
eg. May l use your pen?我可以用你的钢笔吗?
May l ask you a question?我可以问你―个问题吗?
(2)表示推测“可能”,用于肯定句和否定句,不能用于疑问句。
eg.He may be at home now.他可能现在在家。
She may not be there today.今天她可能不在那儿。
[2]can与be able to的'区别
1.两者都可以用来表示能力。
eg.I can/am able to mend the bike.
2.can只有现在时(Can)和过去时(could),而be able to可用于多种时态。
eg. I will be able to come back in another few months.
He hasn’t been able to get there before dark.
3.can可以表示推测,但be able to不能。
eg.That Can’t be Gina’s dictionary.
4.can与be able to;不能重复使用
eg.他能做好这件事。
He can be able to do is well.(X)
He can do it well.(√)
He is able to do it well.(√)
(三)must与have to的区别
1.主客观方面不同。
must表“义务”或“强制”,表示主观的必要;在肯定句中must还可表推测,语气要比may肯定多。have to表“必须”或“不得不”,表示客观的必要。
eg.We must clean the room.(表示我们认为房间太脏了。)
We have to clean the room.(表示没有人替我们打扫房间等客观原因。)
He must beat home before supper.(他晚饭前一定在家。)
2.人称和时态不同。
must无人称和时态的变化,一律用must十动词原形。have to后接动词原形,有人称、数和时态的变化,一般现在时的第三人称单数要用has to,过去时中要用had to,将来时中要用will have to.另外,have to还可与,情态动词和助动词连用。
eg: Tom must practice his guitar every day.
The train has left.We’ll have to wait for the next train.
3.否定式及意义不同。
must not=mustn’t“决不可/千万不可/务必不要”; don’t/doesn't/didn’t/won’t+have to“不必”
eg.We mustn’t tell jokes on him.我们千万不可与他开玩笑。
We don’t have to tell jokes on him.我们不必和他开玩笑。
在对May I…? 作否定回答时用No, you mustn’t/can’t.
eg. May l go to the movies? NO,You mustn’t
4.疑问式及回答不同。
Must+主语+动词原形+…? Yes,主语+ must./NO,主语+needn’t.
助动词+主语+have to+动词原形+…?
Yes,主语+助动词。/No,主语+助动词+not.
eg.Must l go now? Yes,you must./NO,you needn’t
Does she have to go to the doctor? Yes,she does./NO,she doesn’t.
★ 初中英语作文语法
★ 初中英语作文中考
★ 初中英语中考作文
★ 初中冠词英语语法
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