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高中英语长难句如何翻译

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高中英语长难句如何翻译

篇1：高中英语长难句如何翻译

英语长难句结构分析技巧及翻译方法

英语长句也就是复杂句，里面可能会有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可可能为并列，包含与被包含、镶嵌等形式。因此分析长难句或者翻译长难句，首要解决的应该是弄清楚从句以及清楚从句之间的关系。英语经常出现的复合句包括：名词性从句，它又包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;形容词性从句，即定语从句;另外还有一种叫做状语从句。

那么，有些同学可能会问，究竟该怎样来分析长难句呢?有以下几点最为基础的步骤需要考生们记住：

1、找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干结构;

2、找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;

3、分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等;以及词，短语和从句之间的关系;

4、分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。

依照上面四个结构分析步骤，我们对下面的句子进行了分解与解析，希望同学们能够在看完例子后，有进一步的理解。

例句：，who was crying as if his heart would break and said，when I 例句分析：

第一，拆分句子。

这个长句可以拆分为四段：①“In Africa I met a boy”②“who was crying as if his heart would break”、③“when I spoke to him，that he was hungry because”、④“he had had no food for two days”.

第二，句子的结构分析。

(1)主干结构是主语+过去式+宾语——“I met a boy”;

(2)“crying”后面是壮语从句“as if his heart would break”;

(3)“when I spoke to him”是介于“said”和“that he was hungry because”之间的插入语。第三，难点部分的处理。

“crying as if his heart would break”应译为哭得伤心极了。

参考译文：

在非洲，我遇到一个小孩，他哭得伤心极了，我问他时，他说他饿了，两天没有吃饭了。以上是对于一般长难句的结构较为基础的解析方法。长难句的解析方法具体来讲可以分为分译法、顺序法、综合法、逆序法等。

1、分译法

有些英语长句的主句与从句或主句与修饰语间的关系并不十分密切，为使意思连贯，可把长句中的从句或短语化为句子分开来叙述，有时还可适当增加词语。例如：“He became deaf at five after an attack of typhoid fever.”该句有两个介词短语，代表两层意思。因此，按照分译法，打破原句的结构翻译成：他五岁的时候，生了一场伤寒病，变成了聋子。

2、顺序法

有些英语长句按逻辑关系安排，与汉语的表达方式比较一致，或者叙述的一连串动作按发生的时间先后安排，这类句子可按原文顺序译出。这里不予以举例。

3、逆序法

逆序法即倒置法。有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语习惯不同，甚至语序完全相反，这就必须从原文的后面译起，逆着原文的顺序翻译。例如：“There was little hope of continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose in a neighborhood that was strange to me.”该句可分为

三部分①“There was little hope”;②“continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose”;③“in a neighborhood that was strange to me.”前两层表结果，第三层表原因。这句英语长句的叙述层次与汉语逻辑相反，因此要打破原句的结构，按照汉语造句的规律重新加以安排。译为，这一带我不熟悉，天黑以后继续进行调查，取得结果的希望不大。

4、综合法

另有一些英语长句用前三种翻译方法翻译时都有困难，需要用综合法。即或按时间先后，或按逻辑先后，或按逻辑顺序，有顺有逆地进行综合处理。例如：“The phenomenon describes the way in which light physically scatters when it passes through particles in the earth’s atmosphere that are1/10 in diameter of the color of the light.”该句可以分解为四个部分①“The phenomenon describes the way”;②“in which light physically scatters”;③“when it passes through particles in the earth‘s atmosphere”;④“that are1/10in diameter of the color of the light.”其中，第一、二和三、四部分之间是修饰与被修饰的关系。用综合法来处理这个句子，即合译前三部分，第四部分用分译法，这样译出来的句子就非常符合汉语的表达习惯。译为，这种现象说明了光线通过地球大气微粒时的物理散射方式。大气微粒的直径为有色光直径的十分之一。

我们可以看出，长难句结构复杂，逻辑性强，翻译起来困难相当大。但是，无论多长的句子、多么复杂的结构，它们都是由一些基本的成分组成的。只要弄清英语原文的句法结构，找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思，然后分析各层意思之间的逻辑关系，再按汉语的特点和表达方式就可以译出原文了。在长句的英译汉实践中，我们始终应记住英汉在句法结构上的差异，不必拘泥于形式。

篇2：考研英语长难句怎么翻译

1.英语一和英语二的复习方法是否有区别?

首先和大家说明一下英语一和英语二在翻译上的区别：从难度水平上来看，英语一的难度要高于英语二;从出题形式上来看，英语一在文本中挑选5个长难句要求考生进行翻译，而英语二则是挑选一段话进行翻译，这是在出题形式上的差别。

然而，从复习方法上来看，英语一与英语二是基本一致的。虽然形式不同，但是英语中翻译句子的方法是万变不离其中的，因此一般考研英语翻译的相关材料也是同时适用于英语一和英语二的，只要掌握了提炼句子结构与成分的方法，无论是任何长难句都可以迎刃而解，因此在翻译这一题型中不需要特别去区分英语一和英语二。当然，在临近考试的阶段可以更多地去熟悉自己所要考的题型。

2.如何选择长难句翻译的复习材料?

长难句翻译的材料大致可分为两种：一种是针对包括阅读理解与翻译在内的所有长难句译法的详解，植根于句子本身的类型和结构从语法角度进行全面讲解;另一种则是专门针对考研翻译真题，简要介绍翻译方法后，对历年翻译部分的真题进行详细的结构划分和翻译，相比之下更具针对性。因此建议大家根据自己的实际情况和复习偏好，自己去选择适合自己的复习材料。

3.如何辨别简单句与复合句?

所谓简单句，就是句子中只有一套主谓结构的句子，复合句则是指句子中有多于一套的主谓结构，因此，通过句子中能提炼出的主谓个数即可判断出来。另一种相对直观的方法是根据从句的引导词判断，例如：what,that,which等等，通常每一种从句都会有比较明显的引导词出现，对这些词进行积累就能很容易判断出来。当然，一般来说，考研英语翻译题中出现的绝大多数都是复合句，即使是简单句，翻译的难度也不亚于复合句。

4.如何提炼主句与从句?

提炼主句与从句是一项需要长期培养的能力，很多地方需要在练习和积累中慢慢体会。不过简单来说，提炼主句就是提炼出句子最主干的那套主谓宾，所以要对句子中的主语、谓语和宾语部分保持敏感。另外，就像前面所说的，从句一般都会有比较明确的引导词，根据引导词划分从句一般是比较便捷的方法。

5.是否应当把阅读理解当成翻译来做?

很多同学觉得考研英语翻译的真题偏少，为了增强自己的翻译能力，常常会犹豫是否应该把阅读理解当成翻译题来做。那么首先我们需要明确的是，阅读理解的选择题和翻译题对考生的要求是不同的，在做选择题时仅仅要求考生能够理解句子的含义;而在翻译题中，要求考生不仅能够意会句子的含义，还要用中文表达出来，这其实提升了一些难度。因此，如果确实想提高翻译水平，可以挑选一些阅读理解中的句子进行翻译，但是没有必要对每句话都逐字翻译，如果时间紧张的话，也可以只对考研翻译真题进行翻译和总结，不去把阅读理解的内容当成翻译题那么详细的去翻译，当然，理解层面的翻译还是必要的，但不一定要用中文写出来。

6.如何判断单词的不同词义?

这是一个涉及到单词的问题。在考研翻译中，很多单词都具有多种含义，在每个句子中应该选取单词的哪种含义，是大家都会面临的问题，也是每个人都曾犯错的地方。在这里我可以给大家两个小建议：一是逐渐积累，当你发现某个高频词汇经常出现且具有多种含义时，将它的所有含义和词性一一查阅并记录，最好是通过例句来记忆，这样一步一步水平总会有提升;二是要联系上下文根据语境进行判断，有时候尽管你不清楚某个词的确切含义，但通过文章主题或上下文提示是可以猜出来的。因此做题时也不要放弃，尽量与答案靠拢就可以了。

7.大概知道句子的含义，但翻译不出来怎么办?

考研翻译对考生有两个层面的要求：一是理解，理解句意是翻译正确的前提，也是做对选择题的基础;二是表达，这就是翻译题异于选择题的地方，不仅需要理解，还要用中文进行准确、通顺和完整的表达，才能够得分。因此仅仅知道句子的含义是不够的，一定要刻意训练自己的表达能力，练习时将译句写在纸上，与答案进行比对，如此重复多次，表达的水平自然会有提升。

8.如何对真题进行总结?

对于翻译题而言，最重要的总结过程就是总结你的译句与标准答案之间的差异，思考二者有何不同，不同到什么程度?如果只是遣词造句的微小不同，则可以放宽要求;但如果在结构上或顺序上有较大差别，则需引起注意，弄清某一结构究竟如何翻译，特别是一些特殊结构的翻译方法，需要反复斟酌并记录下来。

9.考研翻译的得分点在哪里?

考研翻译有很多要点，最重要的就是句子结构的提炼、关键词的翻译以及中文表达的准确、完整和通顺程度。在练习时先要学会提炼对句子的主句和从句，积累相关词汇，理解到位后在仔细调整中文表达即可。

10.备考要点总结

综上所述，在翻译题的备考和复习过程中大家要注意以下几个问题：一是练习时一定要将自己的翻译落在纸上，不能只是在脑海里进行演示;二是做题时注意独立完成，即使遇到生词或陌生的句子结构也要先用自己科学的猜测去整合出答案，再参考标准答案;三是一定要在提炼句子的基础上联系上下文进行翻译，上下文能够对翻译句子有诸多的提示作用，是一把通往准确翻译的钥匙;四是在做题后一定要根据答案进行校对和总结，这个过程比做题本身更重要，长期的积累可以对提升翻译水平有很大帮助，希望大家能够耐心做题，认真积累，相信一段时间后会有质的提升。

1.考研英语长难句怎么复习

2.考研英语长难句

3.考研英语长难句翻译技巧：综合法

4.2017考研英语长难句复习

5.考研英语长难句例子

6.考研英语长难句精选

7.考研英语如何复习――长难句翻译应试技巧和策略

8.考研英语长难句突破：表语从句

9.2016考研英语长难句结构解析

10.2017考研英语长难句考察句型：并列句型

篇3：GRE阅读长难句翻译

GRE阅读长难句翻译整理

1. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. (难度系数5，下同)

那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。

2. (This is )A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .(5++)复杂+倒装+省略;(这是一种)照亮现实的欲望，此欲望从来就不会唐突的取代后面的那种欲望，后者是我们可以将其部分的理解为一个兼任小说加和科学家的人想要去准确并具体的记录下一朵花的结构和文理的那种意义上的欲望。

3. Hardy’s weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones. (3)

哈代的缺陷一方面缘起于他的某种明显的无能，无法控制好那结不尽相同的创作冲动的穿梭往来;另一方面缘起于他不愿意去培养和维持那些富于生机活力和风险性强的创作冲动。

4. Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics，since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the “poetic” novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness. (5)

弗吉尼亚.伍尔夫(Virginia Woolf)在创作《黛洛维夫人》(Mrs. Dalloway)时有关其创作意图的这番发人深思的陈述，迄今为止一贯为文学评论家们所忽略，因为它突出反映了她诸多文学兴趣中某一方面，而这一方面则与人们对“诗性”小说家(poetic novelist)所形成的传统见解大相径庭。所谓的“诗性”小说家，所关注的是审视想入非非和白日梦幻的诸般状态，并致力于追寻个体意识的通幽曲径。

5. As she put it in The Common Reader , “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote ; and yet , as we read him , we are absorbing morality at every pore .”(5-)

就像她在《致普通读者》一书中所表达的那样，“尽管可以毫无疑问的说，没有任何法律被指定出来，也没有任何高楼大厦被建立起来是因为乔叟说了什么或者写了什么;然而，当我们读它的书的时候，我们身上每一个毛孔都充满了道德”。

6. With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the muscles for glyc.en resynthesis .(4+)

随着爆发出来的运动的结束，再体液中乳酸含量会变得很高，使得大型动物处于容易受到攻击的状态，直到乳酸通过有氧新陈代谢，被肝脏转化成(convert into)葡萄糖，而葡萄糖接下来又会(部分)传送回肌肉中重新合成糖原。

7. Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent,he shows that the slaves' preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent,was very much for stable mon.amy. (3+)

虽然古特曼承认，由于奴隶买卖而造成的被迫离散甚为频繁，但他还是证明，奴隶的偏爱——在那些奴隶买卖并不频繁的种植园上被最为显著地揭示出来——在很大程度上侧重于稳定的一夫一妻制(mon.amy)。

8. Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of-and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore,music,and religious expression from one generation to another,a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences. (4)

古特曼人令人信服地论辨道，黑人家庭的稳定有助于包括民间传说、音乐、及宗教表达在内的黑人文化遗产一代一代传递下去，因而在维持文化遗产方面也起着至关重要的作用，而对于这种文化遗产，黑奴们不断地从其非洲和美洲的经历中予以丰富发展。

9. This preference for ex.amy,Gutman suggests, may have derived from West African rules governing marriage,which,though they differed from one tribal group to another,all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin. (3+)

古特曼表示，这种对于外部通婚的偏爱很有可能缘起于西部非洲制约着婚姻的规定，尽管这些规定在一个和另一个部落群体之间不尽相同，但都涉及到某种对近亲联姻(union with close kin)的禁止。

10. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States,but his definition of racial prejudice as “racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition,” can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe. (4+)

该社会学家的命题当被应用于针对美国黑人的歧视时，相对而言尚能适用，但他对种族偏见所下的定义——即“以种族为基础的、针对某个群体的消级的先入之见，而该群体在任何特定的种族竞争地区则被普遍认作一种族”——可被理解成同样也襄括了针对加利福尼亚州的中国人以及中世纪的犹太人这样一些种族群体的敌视态度。

GRE阅读材料练习：旅馆卫生条件达标吗

The next time you check in…

下次你在办理入住手续的时候…

NO ONE likes to think about who was in their hotel room before them, let

alone what they got up to.

没人愿意想象在他们入住旅馆之前有人在里面待过，更不愿去想那些人在房间里干了些什么，

The best to hope for is that your lodgings are clean and hygienic.

如果房间干净卫生就谢天谢地了。

But are they? Researchers from the University of Houston have probed the

cleanliness of rooms, exposing the most—and least—filthy surfaces.

可是事实真的如此吗?休斯顿大学的研究者调查了客房的洁净度，揭露了那些最肮脏的地方。

After swabbing samples from hotel rooms in Indiana, Texas and South

Carolina, they found the TV remote control and the bedside-lamp switch were

among the most contaminated.

他们分别在印第安纳州、德克萨斯州和南卡莱罗纳州的旅馆客房提取了样品，然后发现其中的电视遥控器和床头灯开关是最脏的，

The toilet, bathroom sink and items from the housekeeper's carts also had

high levels of bacteria.

厕所、洗手池和保洁员手推车里的物品也是细菌量较高的地方，

Maids' mops and sponges were thought to pose the greatest threat as they

could cause cross-contamination between rooms.

研究人员认为的威胁来自保洁员的拖把和海绵，因为它们可能造成各房间的交叉污染，

Some of the cleanest surfaces included the bed headboard and the

bathroom-door handle.

而床头板和浴室门把手等地方是最干净的。

Katie Kirsch, an undergraduate who this week presented the results to the

general meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, cautioned that the

data were limited by a small sample size:

大学生Katie

Kirsch这周在美国微生物学会的全体大会上提交了研究结果，值得注意的是，他们只在每个州的三家旅馆进行了调查，样本太少所以数据有一定限制。

only three hotel rooms were tested in each state. Within each room the same

19 surfaces were tested for aerobic and coliform bacteria.

他们在每间房取19个相同的地方进行有氧大肠菌群测试，

No infectious diseases were tested for and the presence of bacteria is not

necessarily a health threat.

他们没有进行传染病测试，因为这里的细菌不大会引发健康威胁，

Indeed, humans have always lived with bacteria.

事实也确实如此，我们每天都和细菌生活在一起。

As a whole, Ms Kirsch thought hoteliers maintained a high level of

sanitation.

总的来说，Kirsch认为旅馆老板把环境卫生维持在一个较高的标准，

But the researchers, who included members of Purdue University and the

University of South Carolina, were concerned that there is no universal cleaning

process for hotels.

但是包括普渡大学和南卡莱罗纳大学在内的一些研究人员担心旅馆没有一个通用的保洁程序，

Standards are largely down to the beady eye of individual housekeepers.

卫生标准的高低很大程度上取决于个别管家的警觉性，

They suggested applying Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points, a

preventive approach to reducing the risk of physical, chemical and biological

hazards.

所以他们建议采用“危害分析和关键环节控制点”这种预防方法来减少物理、化学和生物方面的威胁，

HACCP was drawn up by NASA, America's space agency, to ensure the safety of

food for astronauts.

HACCP由美国宇航局NASA起草，起初是用来确保航天员的食品安全，

Since then it has been adopted by a number of industries.

后来被各个行业广泛采用。

But is cleaning a hotel room really rocket science?

打扫旅馆房间是一件很复杂的事吗?

Good hotels value a reputation for cleanliness, and people can easily

discover online those that are filthy.

好旅馆会在整洁方面很重视自己的名声，并且人们很容易在网上发现那些较脏的旅馆。

Paranoia about cleanliness has already risen to the point that sterile

modern living can make people sick by weakening their immune systems.

一些重视清洁的偏执狂已经上升到打造无菌生活的层面，但这样会削弱他们的免疫系统使他们更容易生病，

The odd night in a roach motel might even do some people a bit of good.

所以在蟑螂出没的汽车旅馆度过一个不平凡的夜晚甚至可能对某些人更有益处。

篇4：中级口译长难句翻译

1. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for a mateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century.

[参考译文] 这样一来总的结果便是业余爱好者想在专业地质学期刊…卜发表文章就更难了，而被广泛使用的论文评审推荐制度又进一步强化了这一结果，该种制度先是出现在19世纪的国家级刊物上，后又在20世纪被几家地方级地质学刊物所使用。

2. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.

[参考译文] 一个颇为相似的分化过程已经导致专业的地质学家走到一起组成一到两个全国性的专科学术社团，而业余地质爱好者们倾向于要么仍留在地方社团，要么也以另一种方式组成全国性机构。

3. Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low--level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head--scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.

[参考译文] 遗憾地讲，这次新闻机构可信度调查计划结果只获得了一些十分低层次的发现，比如新闻报道中的事实错误，拼写或语法错误(和这些低层次发现)交织在一起的还有许多令人挠头的困惑，譬如读者到底想读些什么。

4. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&M wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers' demands.

[参考译文] 我认为巨大的并购浪潮背后的最重要的推动力同时也就是促成全球化进程的那方基石：即降低交通运输成本，逐渐减少贸易投资壁垒，以及大幅度拓展市场，这些都要求更大规模的经营管理以满足消费者需求。

5. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress promoted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family.”

[参考译文] 一次侧面的不光明磊落的攻击伤害了我的自尊，阻碍了我事业的发展，使我不得不抛弃了那份引人注目的工作，尽管表面上我还要以一个蒙受屈辱的政府部长的姿态，通过声称“我只不过是想多和家人呆在一起” 来掩盖我的退出。

篇5：高级口译长难句翻译

口译笔译实战练习：长难句翻译

1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.

美国的经济基本是以私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济下，消费者在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费，在很大程度上决定了什么应该被制造出来。

2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.

因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求、商人试图最大化其利润的欲望、个人想最大化其收入效用，这三种欲望相结合，决定了什么应该被制造出来，也决定了如何用资源来制造它们。

3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.

另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能的供给，这样反过来又降低了价格，让更多的消费者购买产品。

4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.

在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如制定一个产品价格的权利、与另一个私人个体(经济单位) 自由签定合同的权利。

5. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.

同时这些计算机记录下哪些时段是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高，这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。而且计算机也能找到促销活动的对象顾客。

6. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.

从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶处理厂，不计其数的其他商业企业，都通过使用计算机给消费者带来更好、更高效的服务。

7. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.

残疾儿童在许多方面都与其同龄人十分不同。为了让这些孩子在成长过程中充分发展潜能，他们的教育必须适应这些不同。

8. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.

在过去的30年中，公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种中强烈的情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。

9. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.

它(广告)能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格迅速分销出去，这样(公司)可以建立稳固的国内市场，同时也使提供更具有竞争力出口价格变成可能。

10. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.

即使议会没有27条规范广告的法案，任何一个正式的广告商也都不敢推销一种无法兑现其在广告中承诺的商品。

口译笔译实战练习：长难句翻译

1. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.

这样非个人的对资金和产业的巨大操纵极大地增加了股东的数量和他们作为一个阶级的重要性，这些资金代表着国民生计中以不负责任手段获取的财富。他们不但没有负起土地拥有者的责任，而且也几乎同样没有负起作为公司管理者的责任。

2. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management.

伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城镇大批涌现，给大量“享受主义”阶级提供居住场所。这些人早年赚得了丰厚的收入，现在已经退休。他们除了分红和偶尔参加一下股东大会，向管理层口授一下自己的命令之外，跟社区的其他阶层毫无瓜葛。

3. The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.

这样的“股东”对他拥有股份的公司所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需求一无所知，而且他们对劳资双方的关系产生的影响并不是积极的。

4. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.

公司花钱雇来的职业经理人与工人以及他们需求的关系更加直接，但是就连他对工人们的了解也往往并不是私人间的了解。而在现在正在消失的古老家族公司的那种更加家长式的制度下，雇主们却往往和他们的工人之间有这样的私人关系。

5. Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country's excellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.

在许多形成因素当中，我将单独讨论我们国家优秀的小学教育，其他因素有：善于学习新技术的劳动者们：奖励发明者的做法;还有最重要的因素，是美国人对技术非言语的、发散的思维的天赋。

6. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process...The designer and the inventor.., are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist”.

正如尤金·弗格森所指出的：“技术专家考虑的是不能被简化成能用清楚的语言描述的东西。这些东西在他的思维中是通过一种视觉的、非语言的过程处理的……设计者和发明者……能够在他们的脑中装配并操作那些还不存在的装置。”

7. Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea”.

罗伯特·法欧特曾经这样写到：“一个技师会沉浸在杠杆、螺丝钉、楔子、轮子等等当中，如同一个诗人沉浸在字母表的字母中，他们把这些字母看成自己思想的显现，每种新的安排都传达了一种新的思想。”

8. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programs and, tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise.

在最后三章中，他将神造论者好好批判了一顿。他描述了他们的活动和战术，而且，对于那些对神造论者的做事方式不熟悉的人来说，神造论者的欺骗和扭曲事实的程度可能会令这些人瞠目结舌。

9. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: “This book stands for reason itself.” And so it does-and all wound be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.

在这本好书的封面上，史蒂芬·杰伊·古尔德写道：“这本书本身就代表理性。”而它确实是这样的——而且如果理性成为神造论/地化论之间的辩论中的惟一评判标准的话，一切就都好办了。

10. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.

经过了六个月的争论以及最后16个小时激烈的议会辩论，澳大利亚北部地区当局成为了世界上第一个允许医生给希望死去的绝症病人实施安乐死的立法当局。

口译笔译实战练习：长难句翻译

1. Unlike most of the world's volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth's surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate.

跟世界上的大多数火山不同的是，它们(热点)并不总是在构成地球表面巨大漂流板块之间的边界上出现;相反，它们中有许多位于一个板块纵深的内部。

2. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of the plates with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth's interior.

这些大陆板块的相对运动原因已经能够被详细地表述出来，但是这些板块的相对运动还不能轻易地解释为它们相对于地球内部的运动。

3. As the dome grows, it develops seed fissures(cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean.

火山穹丘不断扩大，裂缝也开始产生。至少在一些例子中，整个大洲的分离都是从这些裂缝开始的，这样热点就导致了新大洋的形成。

4. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary--the dangers of drug interactions, for example--and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.

尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的——比如对药物相互作用的危险提出的警告——许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而(我们)并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。

5. At the same time, the American Law Institute--a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight--issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.

与此同时，美国法律研究所——由一群法官、律师和学者组成，他们建议的影响举足轻重——发布了新的民事伤害法令指导方针，称公司不必提醒顾客注意显而易见的危险，也不必连篇累牍地一再提请他们注意可能会出现的危险。

6. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to “push” information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers.

但是，在过去的一年间，软件公司已经开发出工具，公司可以直接将信息“推”给顾客，把营销讯息直接传给目标顾客。

7. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.

像Virtual Vineyards，Amazon.com这样的先驱网站表明，一个将交互性、热情服务和安全性合理结合，销售适合商品的网站是可以吸引网上客户注意的。

8. An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students' career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform.

有些人为了学生的就业前景为教室里放置电脑而辩，有些人为教育的彻底改革中更为宽泛的理由为教室里放置电脑而辩，这两群人之间有一道无形的界线。

9. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently access how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.

我们更应该具有的是作为美国公民的观念，要认识到公民如果不能恰当地认识到自己的生存和幸福是如何受到自身之外的事物的影响，那么他就不能称得上是一个完完全全的公民。

10. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.

另外，在我们这么一个大国里，经济延展到这么多的州、涉及到这么多的国际公司，因而要按照数量培养出所需的各类专业人员是不大可能的。

口译笔译实战练习：长难句翻译

1. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river--and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers, “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”

但是让人感到不快的是，我们从注释中得知某诗行讲述的是一个土耳其军官和一个保加利亚军官在桥上动手打架并双双掉进河里的事情，而后我们却发现该行诗中不过只充斥着“扑通，扑通，185公斤重”这类对他们落水时的动静以及对军官们体重的描写时。

2. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-domiated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Janpan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.

战后婴儿潮的一代的步入成年，女性打入男性主导的劳动力市场，这限制了青少年的发展机会。青少年已经在不停地质疑，为了爬上日本国内那通往优秀学校和体面工作的严酷的社会阶梯，他们做出的巨大个人牺牲到底值不值得。

3. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World WarII had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents”.

去年担任教育部长职务的濑户光夫争辩说，二战后占领日本的美国当局引入了自由主义革新，削弱了日本民族“尊敬父母的道德品质”，舆论一片哗然。

4. With economic growth has come centralization: fully 6 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, tow-generation households.

随着经济的增长，集中化出现了：全国1.19亿公民中整整6%的人口定居城市：在城市中，原来的社区和多代同堂的大家庭已被摒弃，取而代之的是与外界疏于往来的、只由两代人组成的核心家庭。

5. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them.

如果野心就是具有生命力，那么这传统必会为众多人传承;尤其会受到自己也受人仰慕的人士的青睐——在这些人中受过良好教育的可不占少数。

6. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs--the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.

当然，人们现在对成功及各种所谓成功的标志的兴趣似乎并不亚于先前。消夏别墅、欧陆旅行、宝马车——地点、地名以及品牌或许会有变化，但这类事物在今天被人渴求的程度也似乎不会亚于一二十年前。

7. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.

相反，我们被看做是虚伪的人，这样的人似乎比以前的任何时候都更多：批判美国式物质主义的人却拥有位于南安普顿的避暑山庄;激进书籍的出版商却在三星级餐厅享用一日三餐;倡导人们时刻参与到民主制中的记者，他的子女却就读于私立学校。

8. No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professional and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur” does carry a connotation that person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not share its values.

科学领域的专业人员和业余爱好者之间划不出泾渭分明的界线：因为任何规则都有例外。然而，“业余”一词的确意味着相关人员不能充分融入科学界，尤其是不能分享到科学界产生的价值。

9. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom.

很自然，对于那些数学或实验基础尤为重要的自然学科领域来说，这种趋势表现得最为明显，英国地质学的发展就可以证明这一点。

10. A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.

将过去一个半世纪英国地质学领域的出版物做一下比较(我们)就会发现，不仅是对科研的主导地位的强调在不断攀升，一篇说得过去的科研论文所应该包含的内容也有所变化。

篇6：考研英语如何翻译长难句

考研英语如何翻译长难句

要做好翻译，对原文的理解是第一步。如何正确地理解原文，尤其是一些较长、较复杂的句子，对许多考生来说都是一大难点。今天，老师就跟大家分享一些分析长难句结构的方法，希望能帮助同学们更好地理解文章，做好翻译。

分析句子结构，一般来说应该遵循以下步骤：第一是分割句子，理清各个分句的结构；第二步是要提炼出每个单句的主干部分；最后确定各单句中的.修饰成分及各个词之间的关系。

（一）分割句子

英语重结构，无论多长多复杂的句子都是由简单句嵌套而成，所以我们在看到一个较长的句子时，可以先把长句分成若干个短句，然后再观察各短句之间的关系。化繁为简后更有利于我们理解整个句子的结构。一般说来，分割句子主要依据两个标准，一是以谓语为标准；二是以连接词为标准。但是由于英语中省略现象较为常见，所以很多时候，我们需要具体情况具体分析。以下面这句话为例：

It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience； but this effect is not a part of its original motive.

这句话按照上面的方法可以分割为两个层次，三个简单句：第一层是由but连接的两个并列句，第二层则是that引导的从句做“It may be said”的主语，构成主从复合句。

（二）提炼主干

提炼主干是要把分割后的各短句中的主要成分找出来，将其转化为最基本的句型（即主语+谓语+宾语），以区别于剩下的修饰成分（定语、状语等成分）。仍然以上面句子为例，该句可以提炼出三个主干成分：两个并列句的主干分别是“It may be said that”和“this effect is not a part”，主语从句的主干则是“the measure is its effect”。

（三）修饰语

修饰语主要指定语、状语和插入语等。其中，定语是用来修饰名词（或代词）的，用来说明该事物的特征或品质；状语则是用来修饰动词、形容词或是整个句子的成分；插入语是指插入句子中的词语或句子，多表示补充说明，前后一般都有标点符号将其与句中其他成分隔开。仍然以上面的句子为例，第二个并列句中“its original motive”是主句宾语“a part”的后置定语，翻译时可以直接译为定语；主语从句“the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience”中，“the worth of any social institution”是主语“the measure”的后置定语，“in enlarging and improving experience”是表语“effect”的后置定语，翻译时都可以直接按照汉语习惯前置翻译。

遵循这样的步骤，再勤加练习，看懂英语长难句就不再是问题。

篇7：中级口译长难句翻译

1.But,for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.

[参考译文] 但是，对一个小部分学生来说，职业教育也是条可取的路径。因为在其他因素相同的情况下，技能的娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。

2. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment-although no one had proposed to do so--and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.

[参考译文] 他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的畜牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令 .不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验--尽管还没有人建议这么做--他还请一个以普林斯顿大学校长哈罗得?夏皮罗为首的独立的专家组在90 天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。

3. In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be “morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning”. 参考译文] 在5月17日的会议上所讨论的这份建议书的序言草案中，夏皮罗提出，专家组已经达成广泛共识，那就是“试图通过成人细胞核克隆来制造人类幼儿的做法在道德上是不可接受的”。

4. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo's life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.

[参考译文] 因为现今的联邦法律已经禁止使用联邦基金克隆胚胎(人类后裔在出生前的最早阶段)用于研究或者有意地威胁胚胎的生命，NBAC在胚胎研究上将保持沉默。

5. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents.

[参考译文] 如果试验是像科学杂志上的报告所示的那样如实地根据计划规划和实施的话，那么对管理层来说，期待研究能够产生可以用金钱衡量的结果是完全合理的。

6. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.

[参考译文] 审查者完全有理由相信，知道自己准备做什么、怎么做的科学家不应该因为必须一只眼盯着收银机，一只眼盯着显微镜而分散了注意力。

7. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.”

[参考译文] 如果科学家对标准式样的整齐划一的要求就像他论文的写作所反映的一样，那么管理层就不该因歧视研究者中的“思维与众不同的人”，喜欢其中较为传统的“善于团队合作”的思想者而受到指责了。

8. The grand mediocrity of today--everyone being the same in survival and number of off- spring--means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribe.

[参考译文] 当今人与人在很大程度上的平等--即面对自然淘汰法则人人机会均等，并且连子嗣的数目都一样--意味着和在印度土著部落中的情况相比，印度中上层阶级中已丧失了80%的自然选择中的优势。

9. When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.

[参考译文] 当艺术领域的一个新运动发展成某种流行时尚时，最好应该弄清这场运动倡导者的真正意图，因为，不管他们的原则在今天看来多么牵强无理，很可能多年以后他们的理论会被视为正常。

10. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right--it can hardly be classed as Literature.

[参考译文] 然而就未来主义诗歌来说，情况则不这么简单了，因为不管未来主义诗歌是什么--就算承认它赖以存在的理论基础都是正确的--这种形式也很难被归入文学。

篇8：中级口译长难句翻译

[参考译文] 但当我们先是从注释中得知某诗行讲述了一个土耳其军官和一个保加利亚军官在桥上动手打架并双双掉进河里，而后却发现该行诗中不过只充斥着”扑通，扑通，185公斤重“这类对他们落水时的动静以及对军官们体重的描写时，我们不免感到困惑不安。

2. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male- domiated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Janpan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.

[参考译文] 战后婴儿潮一代的步入成年以及女性打入男性主导的劳动力市场使得青少年的发展机会变得极为有限，他们已经在不停地质疑为了爬上日本国内那通往优秀学校和体面工作的严酷的社会阶梯而做出的巨大的个人牺牲。

[参考译文] 去年，当担任教育部长职务的濑户光夫争辩说二战后由美国占领当局引入的自由主义革新削弱了日本民族”尊敬父母的道德品质“的时候，舆论哗然。

[参考译文] 随着经济的增长，出现了集中化：全国1.19亿公民，其中整整6%的人口定居城市：在这里，原来的社区和多代同堂的大家庭已被摒弃，取而代之的是与外界疏于往来的、只由两代人组成的核心家庭。

5. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least a-mong them.

[参考译文] 如果野心的传统具有生命力，那么这传统必会为许多人分享;尤其会受到自己也受人仰慕的人士的青睐，在这些人中受过良好教育的可不占少数。

[参考译文] 当然，人们现在对成功及其各种标志的兴趣似乎并不亚于先前。消夏别墅、欧陆旅行、宝马车--地点、地名以及品牌或许会有变化，但这类事物在今天被人渴求的程度也似乎不会亚于一二十年前。

[参考译文] 相反，我们被款待看到这样一些虚伪的壮观景象，他们似乎比以前的任何时候都更供应充足：美国式物质主义的批判者却拥有位于南安普顿的避暑山庄：激进书籍的出版商却在三星级餐厅享用一日三餐;倡导在人生各个阶段的参与民主制的记者，他的子女却就读于私立学校。

8. No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professional and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word ”amateur“ does carry a connotation that person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not share its values.

[参考译文] 科学领域的专业人员和业余爱好者之间划不出泾渭分明的界线：因为任何规则都有例外。然而，”业余“一词的确意味着相关人员不能充分融入职业科学界，尤其未能分享科学圈子的价值。

[参考译文] 很自然，这种趋势会在尤以数学或实验室训练为基础的自然学科领域表现最为明显，并且可以英国的地质学发展作例证来说明。

[参考译文] 将过去一个半世纪英国地质学领域的出版物做一下比较，(我们)就会发现不仅对科研的主导地位的强调不断攀升，而且一篇可接受的科研论文所包含的内容的定义也有所变化。

篇9：中级口译长难句翻译

[参考译文] 这样巨大而非个人的对资金和产业的操纵极大地增加了股东的数量和他们作为一个阶级的重要性，这是国家生活中代表不负责任的财富的一个因素，这种财富不但远离了土地和土地拥有者的责任，而且几乎同样与公司的负责任的管理毫无关系。

2. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large ”comfortable“ classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management.

[参考译文] 像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城镇的涌现是为了给那些数量很多的”舒适“阶级提供居住场所。这些人依赖于其丰厚收入而不工作，他们除了分红和偶尔参加一下股东大会，向管理层口授一下自己的命令之外，跟社会的其他阶层毫无瓜葛。 3. The ”shareholders“ as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.

[参考译文] 这样的”股东“对他拥有股份的公司所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需求一无所知，而且他们对劳资双方的关系都不会产生积极的影响。

[参考译文] 代表公司的花钱雇来的经理与工人及其需求的关系更加直接，但是就连他对工人们也没有那种熟识的私人之间的了解。而在现在正在消失的古老家族公司的那种更加家长式的制度下的雇主们却常常对他们的工人有这样的私人关系。

[参考译文] 在许多形成因素当中，我将挑选出这些：这个国家优秀的小学教育：欢迎新技术的劳动者们：奖励发明者的做法;而且最重要的是美国人在对那些技术性事物的非言语的、”空间性的“思考方面的天赋。

6. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, ”A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process...The designer and the inventor.., are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist“.

[参考译文] 正如尤金?弗格森所指出的那样：”一个技术专家思考那些不能被简化成能被清楚的语言描述的东西。这些东西在他的思维中是通过一种视觉的、非语言表述的过程宋处理的……设计者和发明者……能够在他们的脑中装配并操作那些还不存在的装置。“

7. Robert Fulton once wrote, ”The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea“.

[参考译文] 罗伯特?法欧特曾经这样写到：”一个技师会坐在杠杆、螺丝钉、楔子、轮子等等当中，就像一个诗人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把这些字母看成自己思想的展示，在这样的展示中，每种新的次序安排都传达了--种新的思想。“

[参考译文] 在最后三章中，他脱下手套，将神造论者好好地揍了一顿。他描述了他们的活动和战术，而且，对于那些对神造论者的做事方式刁;熟悉的人来说，神造论者的欺骗和扭曲事实的程度可能会令这些人有一种不快的诧异。

9. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: ”This book stands for reason itself.“ And so it does-and all wound be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.

[参考译文] 在这本杰出的书的外纸封面上，史蒂芬?杰伊?古尔德写道：”这本书本身就代表理性。"而它确实是这样的--而且如果理性成为神造论/地化论之间的辩论中的惟一评判标准的话，一切就都好办了。

[参考译文] 经过了六个月的争论以及最后16个小时激烈的议会辩论，澳大利亚北部地区成了世界上第一个允许医生终止希望死去的绝症病人生命的立法当局。

★ 托福阅读遇到长难句如何解决需掌握正确分析方法