当前位置：首页 > 实用文档 > 其他范文> 托福独立口语备考先提升双语思维水平

托福独立口语备考先提升双语思维水平

时间：2022-09-22 07:57:10 其他范文收藏本文下载本文

托福独立口语备考先提升双语思维水平（共7篇）由网友“asshole括约肌”投稿提供，今天小编在这给大家整理过的托福独立口语备考先提升双语思维水平，我们一起来看看吧！

托福独立口语备考先提升双语思维水平

篇1：托福独立口语备考先提升双语思维水平

托福独立口语说不好没思路?备考先提升双语思维水平

托福独立口语中考生为何表达不出自己的意思?

如果你用中文的时候是一个有思想有主意的人，为什么在说英文的时候就变成了个没观点没主见的人了呢?

第一是因为我们的思想水平和托福口语表达水平存在很大差距，语音语调先放一边不论，你的托福口语表达水平如果只有美国人小学生水平，但是你的思想却是高中以上水平，想用一个小学生的语言表达出一个高中生或大学生的观点，显然是比较impossible

第二是因为我们太习惯用中文思维，这就造成了我们答题时反应时间过长，因为我们需要先用中文把思路理出来，再进行中文到英文的翻译，而且是在用一个小学生的口语来翻译成年人的思想。Furthermore这样翻译出来的英语往往都非常具有中国特色，错误连篇，拿高分基本没戏。这样，我们在答第一二题这种自主发挥题时遇到的就不止是一重阻碍了。

怎样轻松应对托福独立口语畅所欲言?

都说我们没有语言环境，但是大家一定要学会给自己制造语言环境。看美剧、听英文广播、看英文小说、看英语新闻，这都是一个输入过程，仅仅只是在打懂英语的基础。如果是一个整体的的语言环境，怎么能只有听和读呢?输入和输出是一套配套动作，听、读和想、说要变成一系列连贯动作。所以我们在平常学习生活中，要保持一种双语的思维模式。比如：你在跟朋友hang out时，你朋友跟你抱怨说尾号限行的措施不好，不方便人们生活和出行，爸妈不能开车的时候，一家人都要去挤公交挤地铁。但是你认为尾号限行号好，因为现在本来空气污染都已经这么严重了，再不限行，肯定会更糟。而且北京的交通问题这么严峻，再不限制已有车辆，早晚高峰的时候路上根本走不动。

这么一个小交谈，如果你在脑中运行着双语思维的模式，遇到不会的就去查，理清用英文思维时遇到的障碍，比如说尾号限行叫 traffic restriction based on the last digit of license plate numbers, 这会帮助你解决一系列的托福口语一二题。看几道近几年的真题，这是1月25日北美考过的一道题What can we do to reduce air pollution? Give examples and details in you answer.尾号限行政策可以无障碍使用吧?再看7月22日大陆的一道题：Describe a change in your country. It could be a social, economical or political change. Explain how this change influenced people in your country. 尾号限行政策也可以使用吧?所有跟环保还有国家政策措施、改变相关的题都可以派上用场吧!一次小小的双语思维作用之处可是很大的。

在生活中练习托福口语的6种技巧

一、如何用英文简单界定一个东西的技巧

美国人和美国人交谈80%是想告诉对方这个事物是什么。我们的课本尽管词汇难度不断加深，但思维逻辑结构却只停留在一个水平上。中国人常说Where is the book(这本书在哪儿)?很少有人说What is a book(书是什么)?而美国的小学生就开始问：What is the book?这种Where is the book只是思维的描述阶段。但是我想连大学生也很难回答What is a book?因为中国传统英语教学模式没有教会学生表达思想的技巧。

二、用不同的方式解释同一事物

如果已经学会界定，但理解还有偏差，那就要训练How to explain things in different ways，一种表达式对方不懂，美国人会寻找另一种表达式最终让对方明白。因为事物就一个，但表达它的语言符号可能会很多。这就要多做替换练习。传统的教学方法也做替换练习，但这种替换不是真替换，只是语言层面的替换，而不是思维层面的替换。比如，I love you(我爱你)。按我们教学的替换方法就把you换成her，my mother等，这种替换和小学生练描红没有什么区别。这种替换没有对智力构成挑战，没有启动思维。这种替换句子的基本结构没变，我听不懂I love you，肯定也听不懂I love her。如果替换为I want to kiss you，I want to hug you，I will show my heart to you等，或者给对方讲电影《泰坦尼克》，告诉对方那就是爱，这样一来对方可能就明白了。这才叫真正的替换。也就是说用一种不同的方式表达同一个意思，或者一个表达式对方听不清楚，举一个简单易懂的例子来表达，直到对方明白。

三、我们必须学会美国人怎样描述东西

从描述上来讲，由于中美的文化不同会产生很大的差异。我们描述东西无外乎把它放在时间和空间两个坐标上去描述。美国人对空间的描述总是由内及外，由里及表。而中国人正好相反。从时间上来说，中国人是按自然的时间顺序来描述。我们描述一个东西突然停住时，往往最后说的那个地方是最重要的。美国人在时间的描述上先把最重要的东西说出来，然后再说陪衬的东西。只有发生悲剧性的事件，美国人才在前面加上铺垫。这就是中国人和美国人在时间描述上的巨大差别。

四、要学会使用重要的美国习语

不容易学、易造成理解困惑的东西就是“习语”。比如北京人说盖了帽儿了，外国人很难理解，这就是习语。所以和美国人交流时，能适当地运用美国习语，他马上就会觉得很亲切，也很爱和你交流。那么什么是习语?就是每个单词你都认识，但把它们组合在一起，你就不知道是什么意思了。

五、学会两种语言的传译能力

这是衡量口语水平的一个最重要标准。因为英语不是我们的母语，我们天生就有自己的母语。很多人都认为学好外语必须丢掉自己的母语，这是不对的。

六、要有猜测能力

为什么美国人和美国人、中国人和中国人之间交流很少产生歧义?就是因为他们之间能“猜测”。我们的教学不提倡“猜测”。但我觉得猜测对学好美国口语很重要。在交流中，有一个词你没有听懂，你不可能马上去查字典，这时候就需要猜测来架起一座桥梁来弥补这个缺口，否则交流就会中断。

中国人学习口语讲究背诵，背句型、背语调，结果就是很多人讲口语的时候讲着讲着眼就开始向上翻，实际上是在记忆中寻找曾经背过的东西。如果他要是能猜测的话，我想也就不会出现这种现象。

以上就是学会用美国人思维方式的6个技巧。中国学生如果能做到这6点，用较短的时间肯定能学好口语。

再说说英语语音的问题。留学专家表示，我们中国人不需要钻牛角尖，一定追求发音像一个本地人，只要我们的发音不至于让对方产生误解就可以了。我们在平时，不需要迷信什么科学方法，只需要记住一点：模仿。但一定要模仿标准的英语或美语。在模仿的基础上，每天保持1个小时的自我口语练习，这个练习必须假想一个双向交流的场合，即仿佛有人与你交流一样。

最后，讲讲英语的用气问题。我们在发音时，尽量气运丹田，而避免用肺发音，这可以使英语发音洪亮圆润。

托福口语主要考察考生的英语交流能力，如果能够在日常生活中练习托福口语，效果会更迅速，更自然。

托福口语辅导：真题练习inventionJob

If you get a chance to choose a job, what will you do? (06. 7.29; 06. 11.18; 08.3.2考题)

Sample answer：

If I could freely choose any job, I would choose a job where I could do something constructive and beneficial for ordinary people. Definitely it would be something helping people.

Teaching of course is sort of that kind of job---- if you do it properly you can certainly help people. Traditionally in China teachers have been very respected; we have a saying a teacher for a day is a father for life.

Nowadays, attitudes are changing, and perhaps people are more realistic. But my dream isn't changing. I wouldn't be helping them materially but I could give them a lot of pleasure and lighten their days.

I love teaching and I want it to be my whole life's career ‘cause I feel I really am contributing something to people's lives, to help them.

托福口语辅导：真题练习transportation

Describe the most efficient transportation in your country. (06. 4.8; 06. 12.15 考题)

Sample answer：

The most effective means of transport, I'd say, is bicycle, an indispensable companion of most Chinese even though the private cars are on the rise. Each Chinese family possesses at least one bicycle and it is especially popular among college students. Compared with cars, bicycle still has some advantages. First, it is very convenient due to its small size. It does not need special parking space and can be parked almost everywhere. Second, driven by man power, it doesn't need fuel, so it has nothing to do with air pollution and energy crisis. Third, most people can afford a bicycle, but not a more advanced car.With so many advantages, bicycle will remain to be the most effective means of transport in China in the following years.

篇2：托福口语备考提升水平思路拓展

托福口语备考提升水平思路拓展用脱口秀节目练口语具体方法在这里

预测脱口秀的话题(Predict the conversation topics)

如果你知道谁会出现在这一期的脱口秀以及为什么这一期邀请他(她)作为嘉宾，那么这时你就可以预测主持人和嘉宾交谈的话题了。上网搜素最近的新闻或是明星的花边新闻，能帮助你猜测可能的话题。

这可以助力你的听力，你可以更好地理解他们的谈话。当你在观看的时候，你可以注意比较实际的谈话内容和你预测的话题是否一致，你猜对了吗?他们实际上聊了什么呢?

暂停并尝试回答开放性问题(Pause and answer open questions)

因为脱口秀是访谈性质的，所以你在观看的时候需要注意主持人的交谈方式，学习他(她)是怎么样与人进行交谈的。在不同话题之间的自然过渡或是怎样回答一个开放性问题都是学习者们需要掌握的技能。为了更好地练习，我们可以在主持人提问完后按暂停键，然后基于你之前的搜素尝试着回答这些问题。

列下对话的提纲并重现对话(Outline the conversations and reenact)

在你观看的时候，你可以记下笔记、罗列出提纲。过后，你可以尝试根据你的笔记，选一个话题来进行对话。没有必要逐字记下，只需根据你的笔记来创建新的对话内容。你可以与你的朋友们一起观看，并尝试着就同一个话题进行对话，或者也可以记下笔记之后再利用笔记进行谈话。这是练习口语以及在采访时掌握话语权主导的好方法。

注意字幕(Watch with subtitles)

当你在观看脱口秀的时候，你可以打开字幕，注意她们说话的内容并尝试跟着说。如果你是在网上看的，当你遇到不理解的地方时你也可以暂停去查找这个词汇的意思。你也可以把你不认识的新词拍下来，这样你过后就可以通过图像记忆法来回忆这个单词。看到对话的语境和情景可以更好地帮助你记住新的单词。

托福(TOEFL)考试口语做笔记技巧

众所周知，为了模拟北美大学课堂的学术气氛和学生在校园生活的方方面面，新托福考试的口语部分首次允许考生做课堂笔记(笔记考完要上交，但笔记不算分)、并要求考生能够发表自己的意见和看法，而且必须具备对教授推荐的参考书写出读书报告、阐明自己观点的能力以及其他处理校园生活中可能遇到的各种情况的能力。本文拟对新托福口语考试(包括独立口语任务和综合口语任务)中如何做笔记的问题做深人地分析和探讨。

Note-taking in the Independent Task

该部分要求考生就某一自己熟悉的话题阐述自己的观点。一类问题是自由回答间题(Free-choice Response)，如：If you could have any job in the world, what would it be? Use details to support your. response;另一类是选择类问题(Paired-choice Response)，如：Do you like to try new kinds of food or eat the same kind of food all the time? Use details and examples to support your response,准备时间为15秒，回答问题时间为45秒。问题会被朗读出来，且同时出现在屏幕上。考生可以不用理会电脑的朗读，迅速阅读完问题。这样可以争取大概5秒，那么在这大约20秒内，考生可在草稿纸上迅速记下自己所要表达的关键信息。这里记笔记的方法为“TST表格”。TST ( Topic-Supporting ideas--Transitions)意思是考生须在草稿纸上用一到两个词写下欲表达的Topic(主题)，Supporting ideas(分论点)和Transitions(信号词)。下面试举一例：

Question:

Where would you want to be professionally in ten years? Use details to support your response.

考生应迅速在纸上写下“own bus...”、“master”、“work com...”、“start”等信息见以下TST( Topic―Supporting ideas―Transitions )表格。

Topic statement: own bus... (I would like to own my own business) Supporting ideas: ( How I will work toward owning my business)

.master (Will get master's in business )

.work com... (Will work in company while planning my business)

.start (Will start my own business when I am ready)

Transitions: 10 next because 3 within 10 y (可用y代替 years)

Sample Answer

In ten years I would like to win an import business of my own. Next year, I will be starting a master's program in business with a specialization in entrepreneurship. I will be getting this degree because I hope to start my own business and make it successful some day. After I finish my master's degree three years from now, I will most likely take a position in another company for a few years to make some money and to spend some time planning my own business. Within ten years, I hope to own my own company and be on the way to making it a success.

再举一例：

Question:

Sometimes students have to write papers. Sometimes they have to give oral presentations. Which activity do you think is better for students, and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.

考生应迅速在纸上写下“pap”、“strong read write exams”、“more time think deeply”等信息。见以下TST( Topic―Supporting ideas―Transitions )表格：:

Topic: pap (writing papers is better for students) Supporting ideas: (Why writing papers is better)

.strong read write exams (need strong writing skills for reading and writing and prepare for exams)

.more time think deeply (show understanding for more time to explain and think deeply)

Transitions: firstly because, so also

Sample Answer

I think writing papers is better for students. Firstly we need to develop strong writing skills. We go to school mainly to learn reading and writing, so we need a lot of practice. Examinations require a lot of writing, so writing papers is good reparation. Also, I think writing is a better way to show that I understand. When I write a paper, I can think deeply because I have more time to explain my ideas.

托福考试中经常用到的谚语习语归纳

1. A bosom friend afar brings a distant land near. 海内存知己，天涯若比邻。

2. A common danger causes common action. 同舟共济。

3. A contented mind is a continual / perpetual feast. 知足常乐。

4. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。

5. A guest should suit the convenience of the host. 客随主便。

6. A letter from home is a priceless treasure. 家书抵万金。

7. All rivers run into the sea. 殊途同归。

8. All time is no time when it is past. 机不可失，时不再来。

9. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一日一个苹果，身体健康不求医。

10. As heroes think, so thought Bruce. 英雄所见略同。

11. A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

12. Behind the mountains there are people to be found. 天外有天，山外有山。

13. Bad luck often brings good luck. 塞翁失马，安知非福。

14. Bread is the stall of life. 面包是生命的支柱。(民以食为天。)

15. Business is business. 公事公办。

16. Clumsy birds have to start flying early. 笨鸟先飞。

17. Courtesy costs nothing. 礼多人不怪。

18. Custom makes all things easy.习惯成自然。

19. Desire has no rest. 人的欲望无止境。

20. Difficult the first time, easy the second. 一回生，二回熟。

21. Do not change horses in mid-stream. 别在河流中间换马。

22. Do not have too many irons in the fire. 贪多嚼不烂。

23. Do not pull all your eggs in one basket. 别把所有的蛋都放在一个篮子里。(不要孤注一掷。)

24. Do not teach fish to swim. 不要班门弄斧。

25. East or west, home is the best. 东奔西跑，还是家里好。

26. Experience is the best teacher. 实践出真知。

27. Fact is stranger than fiction. 事实比虚构更离奇。(大千世界，无奇不有。)

28. Faith can move mountains. 信念能移山。(精诚所至，金石为开。)

29. First impressions are half the battle. 先入为主。

30. Give as good as one gets. 一报还一报。(以德报德，以怨还怨。)

31. Give everyone his due. 一视同仁。

32. Good wine needs no bush. 酒香不怕巷子深。

33. Haste makes waste. 欲速则不达。(忙中常出错。)

34. He that promises too much means nothing. 轻诺者寡信。

35. He who has an art has everywhere a part. 一招鲜，吃遍天。

36. He would climb the ladder must begin at the bottom. 千里之行始于足下。

37. Home is where the heart is. 心在哪里，哪里就是家。

38. If you are not inside a house, you don not know about its leaking. 不在屋里，不知漏雨。(亲身经历才有体会。)

39. In peace prepare for war.平时准备战时。(居安思危。)

40. It is never too late to mend. 亡羊补牢，犹未为晚。

《托福》口语考试常考题目归纳

第一类托福口语task 1考题：

Describe the famous person you admire most. Explain why you admire this person. Include details and examples to support your response. (TOFEL ibt 08.06.22) 这是一个people类的考题，我们拿到一个题目后，脑海中应该立刻浮现出最基本的答题框架： topic sentence + supporting ideas. Topic sentence是比较容易想的，甚至是可以虚构的，所以问题就落在supporting ideas的思路上。描述一个人，最容易的角度便是这个人内在的qualities. 如：humorous, open-minded, easy-going, warm-hearted, community-minded, high driven, visionary, knowledgeable… 有了这些点之后，我们要想办法把点变成线，也就是把一个观点扩充成一到两个句子。我们可以用描述的方法去讲这个观点同意转换，如‘he’s a very open-minded person and he’s always flexible to changes. 同时我们还可以用举例的方法来进行扩展，如 ‘He’s a high-driven guy and he worked so hard on his Toefl test, study almost 24/7.’

第二类托福口语task 1考题：

Choose an object you like and explain why it is of special value to you. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation. (TOFEL ibt 08.02.24)，这道题属于物品题，物品的题目也是一个常考点，但是准备的面比较广，可能会出成：a type of pet (Longman p.52)，a kind of game (Longman p.72)，your important gift (Longman p.64)，咱们可以从两个角度去答题：对物品本身的简单描述 + 物品的来源或是重要意义，如描述宠物可以说: ‘ coz he keeps me company, when I was sad, he was always by my side.’ 又如描述礼物可以说: ‘ The psp was a gift from my Grandpa, it was a credit to my hard work on the SAT test.’

第三类托福口语task 1考题：

If you could live abroad, where would you go? Explain why you would go there. (Longman p.42)。地方题目也是常考题型，变换方式相对较少，比如有：the city you live (Longman p.31)，a city you have always wanted to go (TOFEL ibt 08.02.02)，your favorite place when you were a child (TOFEL ibt 08.03.08)等等。地点题的答题思路为：景色，饮食，高雅休闲场所，教育，就业机会。如果说美国，景色可以描述national park, the beauty of nature well preserved, 饮食可以说dessert, I’ve got a sweet tooth, 如说高雅休闲场所，可以说Broadway, or NBA games，教育可以谈美国的大学，就业机会可以谈美国的500 fortunes. 再比如如果讲苏州，景色可以说gardens，well preserved ancient building, 就业机会可以讲讲苏州工业园，SIP，provides a lot of job and internship opportunities for graduates…

第四类托福口语task 1考题：

来看一个例题：What is the most memorable event you experienced in your life? Explain why it is memorable. (Longman p.50)，类似的事件题的关键形容词可以换为：embarrassing (Longman p.70)， challenging (TOFEL ibt 07.03.03)，disappointing (TOFEL ibt 08.03.30)，hard (TOFEL ibt 08.06.17)等等。较难的题可以出成：Describe a time when you needed help from others, how he or she helped you and what was the result? Please include details and examples to support your answer. (TOFEL ibt 07.04.29)，这类题目跟个人亲身经历有关，考场上容易一时没有思路，也很难去杜撰，所以应在考前多去回忆童年往事，同时尝试着用英文表达出来，假如实在无法勾起美好的回忆，那就去杜撰吧, 注意是考前练习时杜撰，千万别到了考场上再去杜撰。

以上四类是托福口语task 1考察频率最高的四大类，还有一些话题是托福口语task 1会涉及到的，如工作职业类(这类主要是关于人生的目标，职业的选择，工作的兴趣等等)，学校教育类，new skill you would like to learn (TOFEL ibt 08.01.19)，文化娱乐类，这类题目涉及到文化、艺术、娱乐等生活中常见的题材。比如：a book that you want to read again (Longman p.58)，an important composition, example: essay, poem, letter (TOFEL ibt 08.05.17)，a TV program that you really like to watch (Longman p.54)，a type of music you like most (Longman p.56)等等，需要考生在考前花大量的时间去整理思路，只有做到有备无患，在能在考场上胸有成竹，口若悬河。

《托福》考试口语复习指导

新托福的口语考试部分的第三题和第四题要求考生首先在45秒钟内读完100字左右长度的单一段落，今天我们讨论一下如何掌握新托福口语考试中的阅读节奏。

我们有时会担心，阅读速度的加快会影响阅读理解的准确率，其实这是一种误解。当然，盲目追求阅读速度必然要影响阅读理解的质量。我们应该做的是掌握正确的阅读节奏：“根据快和慢两种速度交替而成的节奏来变化自己的阅读速度。” 唱歌因韵律节奏而动听，说话因轻重缓急而悦耳，阅读也是一样，快慢相间的阅读速度才能收到良好的阅读效果。

我们知道，句子是由词组成的，但同一句中的各个词的分量不尽相同，有的起着关键的作用;段落是由句子构成的，然而同一段落中的各个句子的分量也是不尽相同的，有的是关键句、核心句，有的则起着辅助说明的作用，为阐述中心思想而服务。这些关键词、关键句表达的正是段落的重要信息，抓住了它们就等于抓住了段落的核心，就知道了什么地方应该加快速度，什么地方应该放慢速度，当然也就掌握了阅读节奏。

一般而言，对于关键词和关键句应该慢读，做到充分理解，牢牢把握;而对非关键词和非关键句应加快阅读速度，抢出时间，用以反复阅读重点句或归纳总结。请看下面的示例：

例1：阅读下面的段落：

A lot of people think that cultural anthropology is just about studying the special and strange aspects of a society, but anthropologists are also interested in the aspects of life that seems so ordinary that the people in the society think they are not significant.

阅读此句，我们不难找到一些关键词，如：cultural anthropology, the special and strange aspects of life, but, anthropologists, interested, ordinary, significant。这些关键词反映了此句的主要信息：“许多人认为文化人类学就是研究特殊而奇怪的社会现象，但人类学家有时还对一些人们认为不重要的、看起来很普通的生活现象感兴趣。”通过分析关键词，我们又发现“but”这个具有转折意义的连接词向我们显示了此句的后半句才是整个句子的核心部分，它提示我们阅读时应更加留心阅读后半句的关键词，提炼关键信息。因此，我们可以很肯定地确认此句最重要的意义应该是： “Anthropologists are also interested in the aspects of life so ordinary that people don’t think they are significant.” 并且也可以很肯定地预测，如有下文，也一定是就后半句所反映的核心信息继续论述，而不是前半句的。这样，在阅读时，我们就会把目光把注意力更加有目的地集中在后半句的关键词上，而对那些附加修饰、说明的部分，如：修饰people的a lot of 、in the society就可以快速阅读，甚至略去不读，因为它不影响我们对中心意思的理解与把握。

例2：阅读下面的段落：

Smell and Memory

Scientists are producing an increasing number of findings on the links between smell and memory. The most prominent scientist in this field is Dr. Alan Hirsch, a US neurologist who specializes in the treatment of patients who have lost their sense of smell or taste. He believes that the memories that certain smells bring back to people are not actually as important as the emotions that are associated with the smells. He also argues that our minds filter these emotions in a positive way, making past times seem better than they perhaps were.

我们注意到这个段落的题目是“Smell and Memory”，我们还知道题目是中心思想的反映。据此，我们可以得知本段主要论述的应是 smell and memory之间的联系，由此找到了关键词语“the links between smell and memory”(在段首)，而能说明它们之间关系的句子又是最后一句。所以，这个段落的核心信息是： “Some smells remind us of a previous thing in a way that is better than the real experience.” 由此判定，本段的首尾都需细心地、稍慢地阅读，而对“最著名的;专门治疗何种病人的”这样相对次要的句子就可以加快阅读速度

篇3：托福口语备考如何提升口语表达能力

托福口语备考如何提升口语表达能力?

一. 美式思维

因为中美的文化不一样还会出现很大的差异，考官们原本也许就是美国人。大家描述东西肯定都是将它放到时间和空间两个坐标上去描述。美国人对空间的描述一直都是由内及外，由里及表。但是中国人就刚好相反。根据时间上而言，中国人都是根据自然的时间顺序来描述。我们描述一个东西突然停住时，往往最后说的那个地方是最重要的。美国人在时间的描述上先把最重要的东西说出来，然后再说陪衬的东西。只有发生悲剧性的事件，美国人才在前面加上铺垫。这就是中国人和美国人在时间描述上的巨大差别。

二.换句表达

要训练How to explain things in different ways，一种表达式对方不明白，美国人通常是会去寻找另一种表达式，这样最后让对方明白。由于事物就一个，但表达它的语言符号也许就会相当的多。如此就要更多的做替换练习。传统的教学方法同样是称为替换练习，但这种替换事实上并非是真的替换，只是语言层面的替换，而并非是思维层面的替换。比如，I love you(我爱你)。按我们教学的替换方法就把you换成her，my mother等，这种替换和小学生练描红没有什么区别。这种替换没有对智力构成挑战，没有启动思维。这种替换句子的基本结构没变，我听不懂I love you，肯定也听不懂I love her。如果替换为I want to kiss you，I want to hug you，I will show my heart to you等，或者给对方讲电影《泰坦尼克》，告诉对方那就是爱，这样一来对方可能就明白了。这才叫真正的替换。也就是说用一种不同的方式表达同一个意思，或者一个表达式对方听不清楚，举一个简单易懂的例子来表达，直到对方明白。想了解更多官方真题Official口语参考答案如何寻找的相关信息，可以登录三立教育。

三.养成深入了解事情本质的习惯

美国人与美国人交谈，其中有百分这八十是想告诉对方这个事物是什么。大家的课本虽然词汇难度在不断的加深，但思维逻辑结构却都只是停留在一个水平上。中国人经常的表示Where is the book(这本书在哪儿)?但却很少会有人表示What is a book(书是什么)?这时美国的小学生就会提出：What is the book-;这种Where is the book只是思维的描述阶段。但是我想连大学生也很难回答What is a book-;因为中国传统英语教学模式没有教会学生表达思想的技巧。

怎样把握好托福口语的时间分配

生掌控时间能力的强弱对这个部分成绩的高低有着直接影响。前两道题的准备时间为15秒，回答时间是45秒;3、4题的准备时间是30秒，回答时间则是60秒;最后两道题目的准备时间是20秒，回答时间为 60秒。托福口语考试考了这么多次，很多考生都反映托福口语考试时间是比较紧促的。这个就更要求考生要合理的使用时间。托福口语如何把握好时间，第1、2中的题目属于日常话题，这两道题本身难度比较小，所以特别需要注意的就是时间的分配问题，在这45秒钟里，一般用5～6秒完成topic sentence, 接下来的40秒应以每一个detail或者example不超过3～4句话的规律完成该话题，也就是说大致20秒完成一个detail或example的表述。如果考生能在考前进行充分的准备，锻炼自己的口语思维，积累常用的details或examples，考试时就会从容许多。

其次，托福口语考试水平除了本身对于知识的掌握，考试时间的掌握也很重要，要知道托福口语第一题和托福口语第二题相对于其他题目更简单一些，所以考生要学会在上面节省一些时间。

托福口语：语气词分析

托福口语是我们大陆考生比较难以拿高分的，如果勤练习加上方法技巧和一些范文的借鉴，相信大家会有不错的收获。

表示肯定回答的有：

uh-huh, yes, yup, yep, yeah, yea, ay, aye, sure, yah, ya, certainly

表示否定回答的有：

no, nope, na, naw, nah, uh-uh

英语中有一些语气词称为 discourse markers或discourse fillers，掌握这些语气词对于英语口语的提高有着非常重要的作用。这些词本身并没有太多的意义，主要起到舒缓语气，给说话者提供思考紧接着的话题的时间及引出话题等作用。这些词有oh, well, like, uh and OK(有时写成okay) 。

一般放在回答句句首，用来表明听者接受到一些新信息。如：

Doctor: I think you’ve probably got what we call dry eyes.

Patient: Oh.

Oh同常与一些单词或词组连用，有时表明说话人明白了、知道了，如 oh I see, oh right;有时是对听到信息的反应，如 oh good, oh heavens, or oh no

Well

well和oh一样用在回答句的句首，但表达的意思不一样，放well在回答句的句首表明说话者认为事实和他的想法与他所停到的不同

引出别人的话的很通常的方法是用like

篇4：托福口语备考：如何提升口语发音

托福口语备考：如何提升口语发音?

一.录音并回听

如果你听不到自己的发音问题，要纠正就很难了。试着把你将的话录下来并和英语为母语人士将的对比一下。应对托福口语非常有效。

二. 语速保持慢速

很多英语学习者常说语速太快容易养成他们的坏习惯。由于太快而模糊不清是口语考试的大忌。所以我们要accuracy然后才是fluency，每天操练一些基本语言以单音节开始，然后单词，把几个词连在一起，组成句子。这样你就能慢慢开始表达自己的思想了。

三.想象音调发音规则

闭上你的眼睛并在说出口之前想一想如何发这个音。想象出口型和脸部动作。这个可以配合看电影来做，留意Hollywood的明星是怎么样一字一句的说出那些令人神魂颠倒的话语的。

四.多练习

发音是个形体动作。要学会嘴巴的发声方法和移动肌肉的方式。每天集中训练几个音。你发this, thank, they,和little, wool等单词困难吗?试试发‘th’，将你的舌头放在齿间(不要咬住)并从口中吐气。感受气流从你的舌间吹过。

五.站在镜子前练习

站在镜子前查看当你发某些固定音时的嘴型，唇型和舌头的位置。和你看到的native speaker的发音对比!平时还可以把自己的发音模样录成video，仔细观察比较。

六.模仿发音好的人

绝对没有取代从专家-英语母语人士处学习发音的方式。因此仔细听!听英语广播节目并看英语的电视节目和电影。尽量不要念字幕!模仿你所听到的-就算你还不肯定他们说的话。

七.敢于表达不害羞

发音的问题迟迟不能解决就是因为我们害怕犯错。-第一次见面，在饭店点菜，询问方向-然后你自己表演出对话内容。别害羞!

八.找同伴练习

从其他人处获得反馈是非常重要的。找一个对提高英语水平同样感兴趣的朋友。试着更换录音资料这样你就可以互相听对方的发音。记住录完要重新听听，找出错误和闪光点啊。

九.了解升降调

好的发音不仅是掌握单独的音节。还是对intonation (声音的升降调)和stress (对单词中一些音节和句子中的一些单词更大声更清晰的发音)的理解。大声念一些诗歌，演讲，歌曲，集中练习单词的重音和音调。

十.歌曲练习

学习一些英语流行歌曲的歌词并跟着唱。唱歌帮助你放松并能让这些词说出来，同时帮助改进你的语音和语调。

八个托福口语模板

【插图】

There are a great many beautiful and delicate pictures to illustrate the words and make it more understandable. With those wonderful pictures, learning can be real fun and easy!

【环境优美】

The amazing part is its picturesque view and enjoyable surroundings. Having a walk beside the lake and rockery, I can smell the fragrance of grass and the flowers, hear the cries of the birds and feel the bracing breeze on my face.

【学习英语】

With the language surroundings, it'll be easy for me to polish my speaking and listening skills.This can render me a good opportunity to practice my English, and eventually put me in a favorable position in the upcoming competition.

【勇敢】

You've got to have faith and courage; the only thing we have to fear is fear itself. In this rapid developing society, if we're easily freaked out by various challenges, then there's no way we can succeed.

【放松】

It drives away my lassitude and helps me relax and relieve the pressure from work and study. What's more? It even puts me in a better mood and wards off the depression and pessimism .

【好笑】

The scene is extremely hilarious and funny and make me laugh. Laugh can definitely drive away my lassitude and helps me relax and relieve the pressure from work and study. What's more? It even puts me in a better mood and wards off the depression and pessimism .

【结交朋友】

I would be able to make friends with those who share the same love for this. Perhaps we can have a little get-together. We can talk, laugh, I mean, exchange our ideas and share our feelings. We all feel like one big family.

【榜样作用】

Since he is the role model for us, he needs to speak and behave appropriately, in order to set a good example for us. No one can deny that a good example can exert an profound influence on the people.

托福口语开场的十大误区

误区一：废话连篇不知所云

典型失败案例：

Topic 1-Should college students be allowed to get married?

This topic is very interesting. I’m very interested in talking about this topic. Because I’m also a college student and I’m not married……

修改方案：开门见山直奔主题

In my opinion, it would not be a wise decision to allow college students to get married。

Topic 2-Will modern technology, such as the Internet, ever replace the book or the writing word as the sole source of information?

Ok, this topic is a very good topic. First, let me tell you a story: I have a friend, he likes go on the internet very much. Every day, he uses internet to read news or play internet games. So we can see the internet is more and more important in our daily life。

Topic 3-The importance of environmental protection

Oh, this topic is surely very important. Isn’t it? Of course! It’s really very very important!

误区二：中式英文人见人晕

典型失败案例：

Topic 1-The happiest moment in your life

In our life, there are always some moments which make your heart flower opened angrily……

Topic 2- The population problem

The population problem is a very big problem. For example, in the city centers of Shanghai, we can always see people mountain people sea there。

Topic3- Is there fairness in today’s business world?

I think in today’s society, there is no fairness in the business world. For example, I always chopped when I go out buy things……

Topic 4- The advantage of being a nice person

Being a nice person have many advantage. I believe if a people always do bad things, he will get “baoying”。

误区三：观点模糊态度暧昧

典型失败案例：

Topic-Should college students be allowed to get married?

I think this topic is very hard to say. Because I am still very little, only 17, and not married, so this topic is very difficult for me……

误区四：偏离主题无轨电车

典型失败案例：

Topic-It is said that nowadays one can not acquire the qualifications and quality essential to success through university education. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement?

I think to success, we must have a lot of important qualities. To have these important qualities, we must learn a lot of things, for example, English, music tools, and etc. We can learn these qualities from our teachers, our friends and from books. All in all, we can learn from many places。

误区五：语法错误惨不忍睹

典型失败案例：

Topic-If children behave badly, should their parents accept responsibility and also be punished?

About this problem, my think is if children behave badly, then parents are not right. Because teach child is parent’s responsibility. So we also punish parents too besides children is also should。

误区六：过分简单没有重点

典型失败案例：

Topic-The importance of environmental protection

This issue is surely very important, let’s talk about it!

误区七：用词不当表达不准

典型失败案例：

Topic-Should college students be allowed to get married?

I think college students should not be allowed to get married because they are very young and so we can’t take the responsibility to form a family。

误区八:意思重复原地踏步

典型失败案例：

Topic-Your opinion on DINK families

My opinion on DINK families is that DINK families is not a good thing. And it is a bad thing. It brings no benefits to our society and it is even sometimes harmful to our society。

误区九：中国俗语胡乱翻译

典型失败案例：

Topic 1-Is it good to have a large family?

I think it is good to have a large family. Because we Chinese believe a sentence: “Many sons, many lucks”……

正确说法：

Happiness lies in having many children

Topic 2 -Should we pretend to know everything or admit our ignorance?

We all know, our Chinese old fathers and grandfathers said: “Know is know, don’t know is don’t know”……

Topic 3- Do you think one’s character is greatly influenced by his/her family?

Chinese old words says very good: Dragon born dragon, phoenix born phoenix, rat’s son can make hole……

Topic 4- The advantage of being a nice person

I believe one sentence:“A good person is all life safe”. We Chinese people always say: “Good has good pay, bad has bad pay”。

误区十：观点武断态度强硬

典型失败案例：

Topic1-The importance of confidence

In my opinion, confidence is the most important thing for a person. All the successful people in the world are full of confidence. While those people who don’t have confidence, they all have failed。

Topic 2 - The solution to the traffic problem

I think to solve the traffic problem, very easy! For those who don’t obey the traffic rules, we should put all of them into prison. If we do that, I’m sure there will be no traffic problem any more.

篇5：备考托福如何有效提升口语

备考托福如何有效提升口语?这3个学习技巧要掌握

1、争分夺秒来应试

口语考试需要你在听到题目的第一刻将该说的准备好，大脑迅速地做出反应，闪现灵感，等到提示音响起时，你就要开始大声响亮的说出你的答案。

它锻炼一个人的口、耳、脑的协调能力，是一个需要争分夺秒的技术活。另外在准备时你也可以在草稿纸上写下准备内容，可以看草稿回答。因此有没有充分的准备也影响着你的发挥。

2、托福口语模板巧准备

针对新托福口语的第一题，准备一些常用的口语段子。例如敬佩的人，喜欢的动物，喜欢的地方，难忘的事，对你最有影响的人……很多段子是可以回答不同的题目的。

例如，题目要你说对你最有影响的人，或让你说你最敬佩的人，就可以使用同一个段子。所以大家可以根据人、事、物、地点等，准备几个属于自己的口语段子，这样在需要时就可得心应手。

针对新托福口语的2-4题，大家可以做出问题的基本框架，利用这个框架来帮住自己理清思路。把听到的内容填进空中，再在相关的地方填上自己的看法，这样答案便可轻松得到了。

3、模拟练习测水平

在做了上述准备后，你便可以自己实战练习，看看自己的能力了。你可以利用OG和两大模拟考软件kaplan和barron来多加练习。另外到了考前最后一个月，你需要做的就是下载机经和预测，把预测的题目全部做一遍，测一下自己的新托福口语水平。

建议你把预测的题目一个不漏的全部做完，这样不仅可以锻炼口语，增强能力，重要的不会为自己考试时遇到出现过的题目却不会做而留下遗憾。

如何正确使用托福口语的模板

口语模板的准备

针对新托福口语的第一题，大家可以在考前准备一些常用的口语段子。例如敬佩的人，喜欢的动物，喜欢的地方，难忘的事，对你最有影响的人等等，这些在很多话题中都可以派上用场。例如，题目要你说对你最有影响的人，或让你说你最敬佩的人，就可以使用同一个段子。所以大家可以根据人、事、物、地点等，充分结合自己的日常生活经历，最好是能够吸引人的小故事，整理出几个属于自己的口语素材，这样在需要时就可得心应手应对自如了。

针对新托福口语的3-6题，大家可以大致概括一下常见问题的基本框架，利用这个框架来帮住自己理清思路。把听到的内容填进空中，再在相关的地方填上自己的看法，这样答案便可轻松得到了。虽说很难有放之四海皆准的框架，但是有好过无，相信在准备的过程中你会发现一件事可以有很多不同的表达方法，因此，只需要在考试中灵活变通就可以从容应对了。

考前模拟练习

在做好了充足的准备后，你便可以自己实战练习，看看自己的口语表达是否得到改善了。建议大家可以利用OG或模拟考软件kaplan和barron来多加练习。尤其是到了考前最后一个月，需要多看机经和预测，把预测的题目全部做一遍，不仅可以锻炼口语，增强能力，重要的不会为自己考试时遇到出现过的题目却不会做而留下遗憾。顺便评估一下自己的托福口语水平，了解自己的不足之处，做一些优化和调整让自己的口语在不出错的基础上增加亮点。

备考托福口语要有好的习惯

1. 每天坚持托福口语练习一两个小时，锻炼你说英文的肌肉习惯

2. 养成大声读英文的习惯，再尝试着用腹式一口气练习，这样使你说出的英文更有底气，更流畅。

3.每天早晨起床后，张大嘴，啊五分钟，这样有利于练好你的腹式一口气。

4. 养成每天去运用的习惯，学过了很多东西，要经常拿出来晒太阳，要学会卖弄英文，你可以找Partner ,也可以对着天空，大树，小鸟对话，只要把这些语言运用自如了，变成你自己的了，什么都好!

5. 学会正确使用复读机，先精听，然后去读，去听自己的发音，找出与磁带录音的不同，直到自己的发音与磁带的发音一样了，再接着听下一个。

6. 托福口语学习要有专一的精神，不要两天学美式的，两天学英式的，我们说这两种发音都挺好的，所以，你喜欢哪种就模仿哪种，而且要保证你所模仿的材料从始到终几乎是那一种发音。

7. 要敢说英文，不要怕犯错。记住：在你用正确的方法练习之后，你犯的错越多，凭着语感纠正的错误也越多，进步也就越大!学习外语的好习惯。

8. 我每天都模仿了一个小时，可以已经十天了，还是读不好。

做得很好，习惯是养成的，只要你用正确的方法去模仿，每天坚持去模仿就是一种好习惯，当然，并不是说我模仿一个小时，发音就能跟磁带一模一样，而是每模仿一次就会进步一点点，这只是时间的问题，也许第十一天，第十二天，就读好了呢?最重要的是你坚持每天去模仿，养成一天不模仿就浑身难受的好习惯!

9. 每天找人去运用，学一句用一句的好习惯，托福口语的学习是边模仿边练习，边运用。不能说等我学好了会说了才去说，而是能说几句就说几句，几天说一句比十年说不出几句要强得多。

10. 每天坚持复习的好习惯，学过的东西不能丢了，要每天都复习，把练习过的句子拿出来做口译。

托福口语考试出错并不可怕

托福口语考试中，几乎每位同学都怕出错，所以提前会准备各种话题的托福口语模板进行练习，信心满满地参加托福口语考试。熟不知，托福口语讲的太顺也许也是分数不高的一个原因，“故意出错”反而能拿个好成绩，下面为大家介绍一下托福口语考试中“故意出错”的技巧，同学们可以作为参考。

托福口语task1和task2这两道题的答案有一个常见的现象，是考生口语很不好，过多的倚重模板和经验，在考试的时候照搬照抄。由于托福口语task1和task2很多题目网上有披露，大同小异，或者做题前已经偷听到别人的内容，已经有了准备，所以这种情况非常突出。其实，托福口语task1和task2往往是让很多人跌破眼镜的地方。口语的要求是必须：表达清楚、准确、流利、自然。托福口语task1和task2特别要求例证丰富，而且回答时必须是在“讲”，不是在“背”和“读”。

所以，假如你托福口语task1和task2讲的太顺，只有三个可能：

a. 你是大牛，你中国人比美国人还美国人;

b. 你在朗读。你可能休息时将答案基本写在draft paper 上了;

c. 你在背诵。你曾经准备好了答案。

假如评分人认为你的口语不是即兴的，他就会刻意挑毛病，那考生的分数可想而知。那我们如何在既应用模板又让考官相信我们是在“说”呢?

这个就涉及到了我们提到的故意犯错了。托福口语task1和task2必须充分准备，这个当然包括模板。然后最后表演时必须不留痕迹，中间偶尔的“en“ ”ha“可以存在，我们平时在上课时，班上的同学或老师都会有正常的“hesitance”，连电视台主持人也会有偶然失误，何况中国人，但是切记这种情况不要太多，而且是在你自己知道的情况下有所控制地进行。有时故意弄一个小错误也可以，但是要立即纠正。

备考托福口语要先学会情态动词的用法

托福口语中常常会碰到一些要用刀情态动词的地方，不过作为一个度的把握考生们对于这些托福考试词汇还不能良好的运用，下面的托福口语技巧介绍的就是关于情态动词中can和can't的用法，相信一定能够对大家提供一些帮助。

在托福考试词汇中，情态动“can”和它的否定形式“can't”分别用来描述拥有某种能力和缺乏某种能力，比如“I can play tennis.”(我会打网球。)或者“ I cannot swim.”(我不会游泳)。在托福口语的疑问句中，“can”和“can't”用于征得同意，比如“Can I leave early today?”(“我今天可以提前走吗?”)或者可用于表达挑衅意味，如“Why can’t I have another biscuit?”(“我为什么不能再吃一块饼干?”)

“can't”(或“can not”)也常常和一些动词连用，在英语中是常用的习惯表达。

下面的托福口语技巧就为大家列出情态动词can't 的10个习惯表达:

1. can’t wait –to be excited about something迫不及待要做某事

e.g. I can’t wait to see my friends next week. It’s going to be wonderful.

例：下周要见我的朋友们啦，我已经迫不及待了，一定会很棒的。

2. can’t stand – to strongly dislike something厌恶某物

e.g. I can’t stand the traffic in Beijing.

例：我简直不能忍受伦敦的交通。

3. can’t bear – to strongly dislike something because it makes you unhappy因为某件东西令你难以忍受而讨厌

e.g. She can’t bear to be away from her family longer than a week.

例：她不能忍受离开家人超过一个星期

4. can’t take it – cannot tolerate something不能忍受某事

e.g. I can’t take his constant shouting anymore. I have to leave.

例：我受不了他一直大叫了，我要走了。

5. can’t be bothered – to have no interest in something对某事没兴趣

e.g. I know I should go for a run but I can’t be bothered tonight.

例：我知道我该去跑步了，但是今天晚上我就是提不起兴趣。

6. can’t take my eyes off her/him – to be attracted to someone被某人吸引

e.g. Simon can’t seem to take his eyes off the new Marketing assistant.

例：西蒙被新来的市场助理深深吸引了。

7. can’t win – life is difficult生活艰辛

e.g. Sometimes no matter what you do in life, you can’t win.

例：有时候无论你做什么，生活都是一样的艰辛。

8. can’t help it – to have no control over something忍不住做某事

e.g. I can’t help it, I find chocolate digestives irresistible!

例：我就是忍不住，巧克力太难拒绝了!

9. can’t think straight – cannot concentrate不能集中

e.g. I am so tired that I can’t think straight.

例：我太累了，注意力无法集中。

10. can’t hear myself think – cannot concentrate不能集中

e.g. There is so much noise here that I can’t hear myself think.

例：这里太吵了，我不能集中思考了。

篇6：托福阅读备考提升先练什么

托福阅读备考提升先练什么?提升词汇量全程受益效率高

托福阅读到底需要多少词汇才够用?

我们大家都知道，词汇量有限的话，会严重牵制阅读的速度，如果要实现快速阅读，我们的词汇量到底要达到多少呢?这里有一个标准，那就是我们所具备的词汇量要能够“推理出生词所在语境的意思”，如果把这一标准进行量化的话，我们必须要具备基础词汇和搭配4000-4500个，也就是达到大学四级的水平，以及专业词汇个，才能保证基本正常的阅读速度。

托福阅读词汇题详解

同时，托福阅读的每套题中，平均有12个词汇题。很多同学都觉得这是送分题，也往往不给予过多的关注，以至于大量丢分。而对于想拿满分的同学来说，这个题显得尤为重要，因为他们往往是在词汇题上丢分，才得到最后的29分。那么，我们就要做到有备无患，防止丢分。

但是，很多考生会对词汇题的准备感到束手无措。词汇题的考法非常简单直接，就是要求选择4个选项中和原文某一词汇意义表达相同的选项，题目基本都为The word X in the passage is closest in meaning to ...看起来是很简单，只要__知道一个词汇的基本含义就可以做对，但是要准备的词汇范围又很大。而OG中对于词汇题的解释就是，there is “no list ofwords” that must be tested. 这句话就告诉考生：没有所谓的大纲词汇可供参考，因为根本就没有大纲，考试中要考查到的单词可能是来自牛津字典或朗文字典中的任何一个单词，所以范围很大。另外，OG中的解释还有一句a word might have more than one meaning, but in the reading passage, only one of those meaning is relevant. 大多数考生遇到的情况是，所碰到的词汇并不是已经让人熟知的第一词义，而是要根据语境上下文推断出的第二词义甚至是第三词义。

托福阅读备考如何做好词汇准备?

为此，我们平时要在词汇方面做好充分的准备：

1、利用零散的时间背单词，并要积累词根词缀。

可以重点记那些常考的核心词汇，而对于那些不太常用的学科名词、物质名词可以放在第二位。

2、进行高频率的重复，建议把重复的周期控制在7天以内。

具体说来，就是每天背100个单词，把时间控制在半个小时以内，每天过3-4遍，第二天再过一遍前一天的。单词材料可以找一些相关的阅读词汇书，或者是以往考过的词汇题内容。

3、把背单词和阅读相结合

也就是把单词和语境相结合，并还要广泛阅读以及这是增加词汇量的有效方法，也就是要在阅读中加强对已经背过的单词的记忆。学生可以根据不同的基础，选择OG，阅读机经等相关阅读材料。平时也可以多做泛读训练，材料可以来自于维基百科等国外原版资料。

新托福考试冲刺试题：The Commercialization of Lumber

The Commercialization of Lumber

木材的商业化

In nineteenth-century America, practically everything that was built involved wood.Pine was especially attractive for building purposes.It is 【durable 】and strong, yet soft enough to be easily worked with even the simplest of hand tools.It also floats nicely on water, which allowed it to be transported to distant markets across the nation.The central and northern reaches of the Great Lakes states—Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota—all contained extensive pine forests as well as many large rivers for floating logs into the Great Lakes, from where they were transported nationwide.

在十九世纪的美国，几乎所有的建筑都是用木头建造的。松树对于建筑用途特别有吸引力。它【耐用】且坚固，但足够柔软，即使是最简单的手工工具也能轻易地使用。它也能很好地漂浮在水上，这使得它能被运到全国各地的遥远市场。大湖州、密歇根州、威斯康星州和明尼苏达州的中部和北部地区都有大片的松林，还有许多大型河流，用于将原木从大湖运到全国各地。

By 1860, the settlement of the American West along with timbershortages in the East converged with ever-widening impact on the pineforests of the Great Lakes states. Over the next 30 years, lumbering became a full-fledged enterprise in Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. Newly formed lumbering corporations bought up huge tracts of pineland and set about systematically cutting the trees. Both the colonists and the later industrialists saw timber as a 【commodity】, but the latter group adopted a far more thorough and calculating approach to removing trees.In this sense, what happened between 1860 and 1890 represented a significant break with the past. No longer were farmers in search of extra income the main source for shingles, firewood, and other wood products. By the 1870s, farmers and city dwellers alike purchased forest products from large manufacturing companies located in the Great Lakes states rather than chopping wood themselves or buying it locally.

到1860年，美国西部的定居点和东部的木材种植园对五大湖州的松树的影响日益扩大。在接下来的30年里，伐木业在密歇根、威斯康星州和明尼苏达州成为一家成熟的企业。新成立的伐木业公司收购了大片松兰，开始有计划地砍伐树木。殖民者和后来的实业家都把木材看作是一种[商品]，但后者采用了一种更为彻底和更为精确的方法来清除树木。从这个意义上说，1860年至1890年之间发生的事情代表了与过去的重大突破。农民不再是寻找额外收入的主要来源，木瓦，木柴和其他木制品。到了19世纪70年代，农民和城市居民都从大湖州的大型制造公司购买森林产品，而不是亲自砍柴或在当地购买。

The commercialization of lumbering was in part the product of technological change. The early, thick saw blades tended to waste a large quantity of wood, with perhaps as much as a third of the log left behind on the floor as sawdust or scrap. In the 1870s, however, the 【British-invented band saw】, with its thinner blade, became standard issue in the Great Lakes states' lumber factories.Meanwhile, the rise of steam-powered mills streamlined production by【 allowing for 】the more efficient, centralized, and continuous cutting of lumber. Steam helped to automate a variety of tasks, from cutting to the carrying away of waste. Mills also employed steam to heat log ponds, preventing them from freezing and making possible year-round lumber production.

伐木业的商业化部分是技术变革的产物。早期厚实的锯片往往会浪费大量的木材，可能有三分之一的原木留在地板上，就像锯末或废料一样。然而，在19世纪70年代，【英国发明的带锯】以其较薄的锯片成为大湖州木材工厂的标准问题。同时，蒸汽驱动的工厂的兴起通过【允许】更高效、集中和连续的木材切割来简化生产。蒸汽有助于自动化各种任务，从切割到带走废物。磨坊还利用蒸汽加热原木池，防止它们冻结，并使全年的木材生产成为可能。

For industrial lumbering to succeed, a way had to be found to neutralize the effects of the seasons on production. Traditionally, cutting took place in the winter, when snow and ice made it easier to drag logs on sleds or sleighs to the banks of streams. Once the streams and lakes thawed, workers rafted the logs to mills, where they were cut into lumberin the summer. [■]If nature did not cooperate—if the winter proved dry and warm, if the spring thaw was delayed—production would suffer. To counter the effects of climate on lumber production, loggers experimented with a variety of techniques for transporting trees out of the woods. [■]In the 1870s, loggers in the Great Lakes states began sprinkling water on sleigh roads, giving them an artificial ice coating to facilitatetravel. [■]The ice reduced the friction and allowed workers to move larger and heavier loads. [■]

为了使工业伐木业取得成功，必须找到一种方法来抵消季节对生产的影响。传统上，砍伐是在冬季进行的，当时冰雪使得用雪橇或雪橇把原木拖到河岸上变得更容易。当溪流和湖泊解冻后，工人们用木筏把圆木运到磨坊，在那里，圆木在夏天被砍成圆木。如果大自然不合作，如果冬天证明干燥和温暖，如果春季解冻推迟生产将受到影响。为了应对气候对木材生产的影响，伐木工人试验了多种将树木运出森林的技术。在19世纪70年代，大湖州的伐木工人开始在雪橇道路上洒水，给他们一层人造冰层，以方便他们滑行。[■]冰减少了摩擦，允许工人移动更大和更重的负载。[

But all the sprinkling in the world would not save a logger from the threat of a warm winter. Without snow the sleigh roads turned to mud. In the 1870s, a set of snowless winters left lumber companies to ponderways of liberating themselves from the seasons. Railroads were one possibility.At first, the 【remoteness】 of the pine forests discouraged common carriers from laying track.But increasing lumber prices in the late 1870s combined with periodic warm, dry winters compelled loggers to turn to iron rails. By 1887, 89 logging railroads crisscrossed Michigan, transforming logging from a winter activity into a year-round one.

但是，世界上所有的零花落雨都无法拯救一个伐木工人免受温暖冬天的威胁。没有雪，雪橇路变成了泥地。在19世纪70年代，一系列无雪的冬天让木材公司思考如何从季节中解放自己。铁路是一种可能。起初，松林的[偏远]阻碍了普通运输公司铺设铁轨。但19世纪70年代后期木材价格的上涨，加上周期性的温暖干燥的冬季，迫使伐木工人转向铁路。到1887年，89条伐木铁路横贯密歇根州，将伐木从冬季活动转变为全年活动。

Once the logs arrived at a river, the trip downstream to a mill could be a long and tortuous one.Logjams (buildups of logs that prevent logs from moving downstream) were common—at times stretching for 10 miles—and became even more frequent as pressure on the northern Midwest pinelands increased in the 1860s. To help keep the logs moving efficiently, barriers called booms (essentially a chain of floating logs) were constructed to control the direction of the timber. By the 1870s, lumbercompanies existed in all the major logging areas of the northern Midwest.

一旦原木到达河流，下游到工厂的旅程可能是漫长而曲折的。原木堵塞(阻止原木向下游移动的原木堆积)在长达10英里的时间里很常见，而且随着1860年代中西部北部松兰地区的压力的增加，这种堵塞变得更加频繁。为了帮助保持原木的移动效率此外，还建造了栅栏，称为栅栏(基本上是一条漂浮的原木链)，以控制木材的方向。到19世纪70年代，伐木公司已经遍布中西部北部的所有主要伐木区。

1.The word “durable” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. readily available

B. long lasting

C. dense

D. flexible

2.According to paragraph 1, all of the following characteristics of pine made it a desirable material for building in nineteenth-century America EXCEPT:

A. It was long lasting.

B. It was relatively easy to transport.

C. Its softness made it easy to work with.

D. It produced buildings that were especially attractive.

3.The word “commodity” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. product

B. problem

C. opportunity

D. advantage

4.What can be inferred from paragraph 2 about timber in America before the year 1860?

A. Farmers of the American West earned most of their income by selling timber to newly arrived settlers.

B. Timber came primarily from farmers who wished to supplement their income.

C. Timber was much more expensive before the year 1860 because it was less readily available.

D. Timber came primarily from large manufacturing companies in the East.

5.Why does the author discuss the “British-invented band saw”?

A. To give an example of how steam power led to technological advancements

B. To help explain how the thickness of a saw blade determines how much wood is wasted

C. To explain how competition with other countries benefited the American lumber industry

D. To illustrate the impact of new technology on the lumber industry

6.The phrase “allowing for” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. encouraging

B. introducing

C. making possible

D. emphasizing

7.All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 3 as resulting from the use of steam in the lumber industry EXCEPT:

A. Work became centralized, and many tasks were automated.

B. Lumber could be produced more efficiently and on a larger scale.

C. Waste materials could be re-used as fuel to power the lumber mills.

D. Lumber production could continue throughout the cold winter months.

8.The word “facilitate” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. expand

B. ease

C. transform

D. permit

9.According to paragraph 4, how could a warm, dry winter interfere with lumber production?

A. Certain trees would become dry and yield low-quality lumber.

B. There would not be enough water in streams and lakes to raft the logs to mills.

C. It would be more difficult to transport logs to streams and lakes.

D. Rivers would not be full enough in the spring to power mills.

10.The word “remoteness” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. decline

B. density

C. size

D. isolation

11.In paragraph 5, why does the author include the information that 89 logging railroads crisscrossed Michigan by 1887?

A. To argue that Michigan had replaced other Great Lakes states as the center of the lumbering industry

B. To provide evidence of the growing importance of logging railroads to the lumbering industry

C. To support the claim that Michigan winters had become more severe in the late 1800s than they had been earlier

D. To challenge the idea that climate discouraged the laying of track

12.According to paragraph 6, the construction of booms benefited the logging industry by

A. reducing the pressures placed on the northern Midwest pinelands in the 1860s

B. reducing the length of the downstream trip to a mill by as much as 10 miles

C. increasing the number of logs that could be floated down a river at a single time

D. allowing logs to move downstream more quickly and easily

13.Look at the four squares[■]to add the sentence to the passage.Some sleighs were capable of carrying over 100 tons worth of timber..

14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on it. To review the passage, click VIEW TEXT.Increasing demands for timber in nineteenth-century America transformed lumbering in the Great Lakes region.

A.During the nineteenth century, lumbering became a large-scale industry controlled by manufacturing companies rather than a local enterprise controlled by farmers.

B.Technological advances, including the use of steam power, led to increased productivity, efficiency, and commercialization of the lumbering industry.

C.Seasonal changes and severe winters made the development and laying of track for logging railroads slow and difficult.

D.After 1860 farmers continued to be the main suppliers of new timber, but lumbering companies took over its transport and manufacture into wood products.

E.The invention of new technology, such as band saws, allowed American lumbering companies to make a profit by exporting surplus lumber to Britain and other countries.

F.New methods for transporting logs to mills helped transform lumbering from a seasonal activity to a year-round activity.

篇7：托福口语备考如何用脱口秀类节目提升口语水平

托福口语备考如何用脱口秀类节目提升口语水平?

预测脱口秀的话题(Predict the conversation topics)

暂停并尝试回答开放性问题(Pause and answer open questions)

列下对话的提纲并重现对话(Outline the conversations and reenact)

注意字幕(Watch with subtitles)

通过以上方法，大家就能在看脱口秀节目的同时有效提升自己的托福口语水平了。这种既有趣又实用的备考方法，各位同学不妨学习一下。

托福口语：如何表达你对别人的支持?

1.I will support you.我会支持你的。

2.I'll back you up.我会挺你的。

3.I'm on your side.我站在你这边。

4.You can count on me.你可以依靠我。

5.I'm a phone call away.我随call随到。

6.I'll be there for you.我会在你的身边支持你

7.I'm with you all the way. 我一直都支持你。

8.You can rely on me. 你可以依赖我。

9.I'll be available if you need me. 你需要帮助就可以找我。

10.I'll be there if you need a hand. 你需要帮助时，我就会出现。

托福口语备考的九点建议

绝招 1 随时随地练习口语。

Practice wherever you can and whenever you can. Any practice is good, whether you speak to someone who is a native English speaker or not.

绝招 2 以表达清晰为主，句型多样化为次。

It's important to build your confidence. If possible, use simple English sentence structure that you know is correct, so that you can concentrate on getting your message across.

绝招 3 大胆运用所掌握的词汇，不要过分拘泥于语法。

Try to experiment with the English you know. Use words and phrases you know in new situations. Native English speakers are more likely to correct you if you use the wrong word than if you use the wrong grammar. Experimenting with vocabulary is a really good way of getting feedback.

绝招 4 透过身体语言理解对方意思并作出回应。

Try to respond to what people say to you. You can often get clues to what people think by looking at their body language. Respond to them in a natural way.

绝招 5 尽量避免翻译。

Try not to translate from or into your own language. This takes too much time and will make you more hesitant.

绝招 6 遇到不知该如何表达的时候，用一些常用词表示自己正在思考。

If you forget a word, do what native English speakers do all the

time, and say things that “fill” the conversation. This is better than being completely silent. Try using um or er, if you forget the word.

绝招 7 语速不要过快。

Don't speak too fast. It's important to use a natural rhythm when speaking English. But if you speak too fast, it will be difficult for people to understand you.

绝招 8 说话时尽量放松，让发音流利顺畅。

Try to relax when you speak. When you speak English at anormal speed, you will discover that most of the pronunciation skills, such as linking between words, will happen automatically.

9 杀手锏：别怕开口说!随时随地练习，你会更自信

Don't be shy to speak! The more you practise, the more confident you'll become.

合理回答托福口语独立任务有方法

1.对内容的陈述缺乏细节

绕圈子，意境朦胧，让人觉得不知所云.

2.对自己生活总结不足

不知道该说什麽，想说什麽，能说什麽.表达的时候缺乏信心.

3.就算准备过的话题没底

担心考试的时候考的刚好是这个话题中自己没有准备过的分项内容.

针对这麽几个问题，举个例子来看看如何合理构思，备考口语的独立任务.

美国的体育选拔机制集中与高中和大学，孩子从小就会参加棒球社区联赛Baseball Little League，女生踢足球Soccer，高中之後很多体现出体育天赋的年轻人开始有目的的象职业联盟努力.这些联盟包括， NFL(National Football League)国家橄榄球联盟， MLB(Major League Baseball)美国职棒大联盟， NHL(National Hockey League)，以及我们中国人已经很熟悉的NBA(National Basketball Association).美国人在了解，结交一个新朋友的时候，比较喜欢了解对方的话题之一就是体育爱好，并希望找到志同道合的体育爱好者，开展下一步的交友.对於体育话题的总结和练习，短期可能是为了取得良好的考试成绩，长期来说则是为了在国内或者国外更好的融入英语语言国家的社会生活，结交更多朋友，进而体会更多国外文化.

1.词汇包装，保证精彩和详细

如果背单词的目的不仅仅是识别阅读，听力中的要点，

还包括口语，作文中有效表达的话.那麽我们要明白句子中主要有三种词汇.

1)实词:名词动词数字形容词副词

其中名词，动词和数字使答题内容具体细化;

形容词和副词的包装作用可以是答题变得更加华丽.

2)虚词:助词感叹词

助动词:完成句型的时态，语态，语气.平时要注意语法曲折变位的能力

感叹词:使答题充满人性，不沉闷，很动态，帮助你展现感性的成分.

3)连词:答题的理性的成分，制造内容的起承转合，展现口才的逻辑质量.

有目的的积累，善用各种词性的好词，可以对口语表达进行精彩的包装.

2.亮点论据，升级内容的技术含量.