动词时态：be to和be going to（精选6篇）由网友“Ming”投稿提供，下面是小编帮大家整理后的动词时态：be to和be going to，希望对大家带来帮助，欢迎大家分享。
篇1：去掉begoingto是什么时态
He's going to be a bit pushed for money.
他手头将会有点拮据。
I'm going to be fitted for my wedding dress today.
今天我要去试穿结婚礼服。
The conference is going to be a lot of extra work.
这次会议将意味着很多额外工作。
篇2：解密动词时态
动词时态常常是高考的必考点，你能运用自如吗？笔者总结了以下七个方面，帮助你正确运用动词时态。
1． 时态的替代现象
（1） 在时间、条件和让步状语从句中常用一般现在时或现在完成时替代一般将来时；用一般过去时或过去完成时替代过去将来时。
The harder you study, the better results you will get.
I won’t go swimming if it rains.
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
He said he would call on me if he had time.
(2) 表示去向的动词或起止性动词（come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, take off, get off, travel, return, begin, stop, open, close, end, stay等）可用一般现在时表示按时刻表将要发生的动作；现在进行时表示预定的近期所发生的动作；过去进行时表示过去计划、安排好的将来动作。
The train leaves at 4:30 p.m.
I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
I was told the plane was taking off soon.
(3) here, there, now, then等开头的倒装句要用一般现在时替代现在时替代现在进行时。
Look! Here comes the teacher.(=The teacher is coming.)
Listen! There goes the bell. (=The bell is ringing.)
(4) before, after, asoon as 本身“先、后”时间明确，可用一般过去时替代过去完成时。
He (had) left before I arrived.
After I (had) finished my homework, I went to bed.
(5) 若干连续动作，如果其顺序非常清楚，又不强调先后，或用then,and,but等词连接时，无需用过去完成时。
He stood up, went out of the classroom and soon disappeared in the street.
My aunt gave me a watch and I lost it.
(6)think, want, suppose, guess, expect, hope, wish, intend, mean, plan等表示愿望、打算的动词，可用一般过去时替代一般现在时，过去完成时替代一般过去时，表示现在或过去未能实现的打算、愿望、意图等。
I wanted to stay with you, but I have an important meeting to attend.
He had hoped to arrive time, but his car broke down.
(7) make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter, so long as 等后接宾语从句时，从句用一般现在时替代一般将来时。
So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.
2． 时态呼应原则
含宾语从句的主从复合句，若主句谓语是现在时或将来时，从句谓语可用任何所需要的时态；若主句谓语是过去时，从句谓语要用过去的某种时态（但客观真理、科学事实、格言警句等仍用一般现在时）。
The teacher said he was satisfied with us.
I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.
3． 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响，一般过去时表示过去动作的事实。
I saw the film last week.（看电影是上个星期的事，与现在无关）
I have seen the film before.（强调了解电影内容，现在无需再看）
（2）现在完成时表示过去开始的动作延续到现在，一般过去时表示过去延续了一般时间的动作已停止。
He was a soldier for 3 years.他曾当过三年兵。（现在退伍了）
He has been a soldier for 3 years.他已当兵三年了。（现在还在服役）
(3) 没有包括“现在”在内或不是截止到“现在”的时间状语不能与现在完成时连用。
China was poor in the past.（in the past不包括“现在”）
Great changes have taken place in China in the past 20 years.（是算至“现在”为止）
4． 过去完成时不能孤立使用， 它必须以过去某一时间为基点，即“过去的过去”，因此只有在和过去某时或动作相比较时才用到它
He had read it.（此句错误， 因为无时间比较，得不出read是发生在“过去的过去”）
He said he had read it.（此句正确，read发生在said之前，即“过去的过去”）
5. 短暂性动词的肯定式不能与时间段连用
I have received it for a wek.（此句错误，因为receive是短暂性动词）
I have had it for a week.（此句正确，因为have是延续性动词）
I haven’t received it for a week. （此句正确，因为是延续的）
6. will/shall do, be going to do, be to do, be about to do与 be doing /do的区别
（1） shall/will do表示事先未经考虑，而是临时起意的打算、计划，没有主观性，是纯粹的将来动作。这种用法常见于会话中乙听了甲的话之后作出的反应。
I shall/will not be free tomorrow.
He will arrive here this evening.
---Where is the telephone book?
---I’ll go and get it for you .
---You’ve left the light on.
---Oh, so I have. I’ll go and turn it off.
（2） be going to do表示现在打算最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；也可以表示某种可能性，即有迹象表明要发生某事。
He is going to spend his holidays in London.
It is going to rain soon.
(3) be to do 表示按预定计划、安排即将发生的动作，这个动作发生的时间一般不会很远；还可表示吩咐、要求、命令或禁止他人做某事，或某事注定要发生。
The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days.
You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam room.
You are to stay home until your mother comes back.
(4)be about to do表示即刻就要着手进行的动作，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。
Autumn harvest is about to start.
The ship is about to leave.
（5）be doing/do强调在近期按规定、计划或安排要发生的事。
Do you get off at the next stop?
The plane takes off at 11:00 a.m.
Are you staying here till next week?]
7.七种特定时态
（1） 常见的不确定的时间状语，如：lately,recently, just, already, yet, up to now, till now, so far, these days, ever since, since then, for(during, over, in) the past (last, recent)…常与现在完成时连用
He has been in the lab over the past two weeks.
（2） 表示“第几次做某事”或在“It is the best (worst, only , most interesting)+名词+that”结构中，that从句用现在完成时。若is改用was，则用过去完成时。
This (It) is my first time that I have visited China.
This (It) is the most interesting film I have ever seen.
That(It) is the only book that he has written.
That(It) was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.
（3） by , by the time 表示“在。。。之前，不迟于。。。”常与完成时连用。
By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.
By the Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.
（4） since表示“自从。。。以来”，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。
I have lived here since I came here.
（5） 用于hardly/scarely…when; no sooner …than句型中，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。
I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.
No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.
（6） “祈使句+and/then/or+陈述句”结构中，陈述句谓语用一般将来时。
Use your head and you will find a way.
（7） when（这时突然）用作并列连词，前句常用过去进行时或be about to do，后常用一般过去时。
I was walking along the river when I heard someone crying for help.
He was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.
篇3：be动词ing是什么时态
“Be+现在分词”以组成进行式时态(Continuous Tenses)，如：
Tony's maid is washing his new car.
The children are playing in the field.
Samuel was eating when I came in.
We have been living here since 1959.
形式：
有不同的be动词，基本上为：
am,is,are,was,were,been,being,be。
被动语态：
被动语态的基本结构为be+done（Be动词+动词过去分词）
一般现在时：am/is/are+done
一般过去时：was/were+done
一般将来时：will+be+done
现在进行时：am/is/are+being+done
过去进行时：was/were+being+done
现在完成时：have/has+been+done
过去完成时：had+been+done
一般构句：
代词/专有名词+be+普通名词（如我们是亲兄弟）
代词+be+专有名词（如我是爱丽丝）
代词/专有名词+be+物主代词+普通名词（如我是你的亲姐妹）
当“be”要在祈使句中出现时，陈述句可借助助动词“do”，否定句必须在前加上助动词“don't”，如：
Don't be silly!
Do be obedient!
Be careful!
Don'tbe a fool!
篇4：动词时态讲义
时 态
Tenses
时 态 的 构 成
（以动词write为例）
一般 进行 完成 完成进行
现
在 write
(单三writes) am
is writing
are has
written
have has
been writing
have
过
去
wrote was
writing
were
had written
had been writing
将
来 shall
write
will shall
be writing
will shall
have written
will shall
have been writing
will
过
去
将
来 should
write
would should
be wrting
would should
have written
would should
have been writing
would
一、一般现在时 (The Present Indefinite)
一般现在时表示客观事实，普遍真理，习惯性的动作，现在的特性等。它主要由动词原形表示，但第三人称单数作主语时，谓语动词应加词尾s (be用 is, have 用 has)：
一般现在时有以下基本用法：
1. 表示经常、反复和习惯性的动作或状态，例如：
He always sleeps with his windows open.
他总是开着窗户睡觉。
Barking dogs seldom bite.
吠犬不咬人。
He smokes twenty cigarettes a day.
他每天抽20支烟。
2. 表示主语的现在职业、性格、特征、能力等，例如：
She is our English teacher.
她是我们的英语老师。
She has great concern for her patients.
她对病人很关心。
English is a language spoken all around the world.
英语是一种世界范围的语言。
3. 表示客观事实或普遍真理，例如：
The earth moves round the sun.
地球绕着太阳运转。
Summer comes after spring.
春去夏来。
4. 表示按日历、时刻表、规定或安排将要发生的情况，例如：
Tomorrow is Thursday.
明天是星期四。
The plane takes off at 9 a.m.
飞机上午九点起飞。
School begins the day after tomorrow.
后天开学。
5. 在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来的动作或状态，例如：
When you see Jack tomorrow, remember me to him.
明天你看到杰克时，代我向他问好。
If the rain stops, we'll be able to go out for a walk.
如果雨停了，我们就能出去散步了。
二、一般过去时 (The Past Indefinite)
一般过去时表示过去的动作或状态，这种动作或状态可能只限 一次，也可能是经常性的。动词 be 的第一人称单数和第三人称单数的过去时形式为 was， 其余人称和数为 were；have 的过去时形式为 had。行为动词过去式的构成：
一般情况下在词末加 ed, 如：
cover -- covered work -- worked
以 e 结尾的动词，只加 d, 如：
live -- lived love -- loved
以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词将 y 改为 i 再加 ed，如：
study -- studied hurry -- hurried
以重读闭音节结尾，而末尾只有一辅音字母( x 除外)的动词，双写末尾字母再加 ed，如 ：
stop -- stopped beg -- begged
不规则动词见各类相关工具书。
一般过去时的用法如下：
1. 表示过去的动作或状态，常与表示过去的时间状语(从句)连用，例如：
The first radio broadcast was heard on December 24, 1906.
1912月24日，人们第一次听到无线电广播。
She suddenly fell ill when she came here.
到这以后，她突然病倒了。
2. 表示过去连续发生的一系列事情，例如：
She entered the room, picked up a map and looked at it carefully.
她走进房间，拿起一张地图，仔细地看着。
3. 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的事情，例如：
Whenever I went to his office, I would find him reading and writing.
每当我去他办公室时，总见他在读书写字。
When I was in a primary school, my teacher often praised me.
我上小学时，老师常常表扬我。
4. 在条件、时间状语从句中表示过去将来的动作，例如：
They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.
他们说如果听到什么关于他的消息，就通知我们。
三、一般将来时 (The Future Indefinite)
一般将来时的用法如下：
1. 表示将要发生的动作或情况，例如：
There will be a report on spaceships at 7 on Friday evening.
星期五晚上七点，将有一场关于宇宙飞船的报告。
2. “be going + 不定式”表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生的事，例如：
Mr. Brown says he is going to buy a new car next year.
布朗先生说，他准备明年买一辆新汽车。
I think it's going to rain.
我看快下雨了。
3. “be + 不定式”表示按计划安排要发生的事或用来征求对方意见，例如：
I am to leave at eight o'clock this evening.
我应在今晚八点离开。
Am I to go on with the work?
这工作我是不是要接着干下去?
4. “be about + 不定式”表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，通常不与将来时间状语连用，例如：
He is about to retire.
他就要退休了。
The class is about to end.
课就要结束了。
四、现在进行时 (The Present Continuous)
现在进行时由助动词 be 的现在时形式 am, is, are 加动词的现在分词构成。现在分词的构成方法为：
一般情况在动词的词末加 ing，如：
watch -- watching tell -- telling
以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，去 e 再加 ing，如：
live -- living move -- moving
以重读闭音节结尾，而末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写这一辅音字母再加 ing，如 ：
plan -- planning get -- getting permit -- permitting
少数动词为不规则变化，如：
lie -- lying die -- dying
现在进行时有以下一些用法：
1. 表示说话时正在发生的动作，例如：
I'm doing the swimming, and I'll decide when to get out.
我正在游泳，我会决定什么时候出水。
Look, the hands of the clock are pointing to half past eight.
看，时钟正指在八点半。
2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然说话时并不在进行，例如：
They are compiling a Chinese English dictionary.
他们在编一本汉英辞典。
But now some people are taking a fresh look at daydreaming.
但现在有人对白日做梦持一种新的见解。
3. 常与always, continually, constantly等副词连用，不强调动作的进行而是带有强烈的感情色彩，例如：
She is always complaining about her work.
她总是不断地抱怨她的工作。(表示厌烦)
The prisoners are continually trying to escape.
这些囚犯们总是不断地设法逃跑。(表示焦虑)
He is always thinking of what he could do for others.
他总是在考虑他能为别人做些什么。(表示赞扬)
4. 表示计划中将要发生的动作，常与表将来的时间状语连用，例如：
He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow morning.
明天上午他要到上海去。
-Xiao Hong! -(I’m) coming.
-小红！ -来了。
五、过去进行时 (The Past Continuous)
过去进行时是由“was/were+现在分词”构成。它有以下用法：
1. 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，例如：
I was practicing the violin at eight o'clock yesterday evening.
昨晚八点钟我正在练习小提琴。
When he arrived home, his sister was doing her homework.
他到家时，他妹妹正在做作业。
2. 表示过去某段时间内正在进行的动作，例如：
In those years we were having a hard time.
在那些岁月里我们处境很困难。
She was watching TV all evening.
她整个晚上都在看电视。
3. 某些动词如 come, go, leave, start, stay 等的过去进行时表示过去的将来要发生的动作，例如：
He went to see Miss Green. She was leaving early the next morning.
他去看格林小组，她第二天一早就走。
六、将来进行时 (The Future Continuous)
将来进行时由动词 be 的一般将来时加现在分词构成。它的用法为：
1. 表示将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作，例如：
This time tomorrow I shall be flying to Spain.
明天的这个时候，我将在飞往西班牙的途中。
I won't be free Friday morning. I'll be seeing a friend off.
星期五早上我没空，我要给一位朋友送行。
2. 表示已经决定了的一种将来的计划或势必要发生的动作，例如：
The Robinsons will be staying with us again this year.
鲁宾逊一家人今年将再次和我们住在一起。
If we don't do so, we shall be repeating the errors of the past.
我们如果不这样做就会重犯过去的错误。
七、现在完成时 (The Present Perfect)
现在完成时由“have (第三人称单数has)+过去分词”构成。它主要有以下用法。
1. 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果，例如：
I have lost my pen; I am unable to do my exercises.
我的钢笔丢了；我没法作作业了。
The city has taken on a new look.
这座城市有了新面貌。
2. 表示从过去某时到现在这段时间中发生的事情，例如：
He has learned a good deal since he came here.
他到这儿以来学到了不少东西。
We have planted many trees this year.
今年我们栽了很多树。
It has been 10 years since I last saw you.
我已经十年没有见到你了。
3. 用在时间或条件的状语从句中，表示将来某时已经发生的动作，例如：
We’ll start at 5 p.m. if it has stopped raining by then.
我们五点钟动身，如果那时雨停了话。
I will give my opion when I have read the book through.
我把书看完了再提意见。
八、过去完成时 (The Past Perfect)
过去完成时由“had +过去分词”构成。它主要用于以下情况：
1. 表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作，例如：
I didn't go to the cinema because I had already seen the film.
我没去看电影，因为这部影片我已经看过了。
He suddenly remembered that he hadn't locked the door.
他忽然想起来他没锁门。
By the end of 1962, we had met the demand for petroleum.
到1962年底，我们对石油的需求已得到满足了。
2. 表示一直延续到过去某一时间的动作，例如：
He had been ill for two weeks when we learned about it.
当我们知道时，他已病了两个星期了。
By the end of June they had treated 30,000 patients.
到六月底为止，他们已经治疗了三万个病人。
3. 在含有 when, as soon as, before, after, until, now that 等连词的复合句中，如果主句谓语和从句谓语表示的过去动作不同同时发生，那么先发生的动作通常需用过去完成时表示，例如：
He decided to go back to work now that he had got well.
既然身体好了，他决定回去上班。
It was not until I had read you letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
直到读了你的信之后，我才明白事态的真相。
He had pressed the button before we could stop him.
我们还没来得及阻止他，他已经按了电钮。
但如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常用一般过去时，尤其是在包含有before和after的复合句中。
After we said goodbye to the villagers,we left the village.
在和村民门告别后我们就离开了村子。
As soon as he arrived,he gave me a phone call.
他一到就给我打了一个电话。
九、将来完成时 (The Future Perfect)
将来完成时由“shall/will have+过去分词”构成，主要表示将来某时业已发生的事情，例如：
The taxi will have arrived by the time you finish dressing.
到你穿好衣服的时候，出租车就会到了。
In another year or so, you will have forgotten all about me.
再过一年左右，你就会把我忘得一干二净。
I shall have finished this one before lunch.
午饭前我就能完成这一个。
十、现在完成进行时 (The Present Perfect Continuous)
现在完成进行时是由“have/has been+现在分词”构成。它表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在动作或状态；它有时也可用来表示现在以前这段时间内反复发生的事情。例如：
He has been learning English for six months.
六个月来他一直在学英语。
The boys have been watching TV since seven o'clock.
自七点开始，男孩子们就一直在看电视。
We've been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.
最近我们常常见面。
十一、过去完成进行时 (The Past Perfect Continuous)
过去完成进行时由“had been+现在分词”构成。它表示一个动作延续到过去的某一时间，例如：
He had been walking since ten o'clock and he was beginning to feel extremely tired.
从十点钟起他就一直不停地走着，这时他开始觉得疲惫不堪。
When I got home, I found that Tom had been writing his letters.
我回到家，发现汤姆之前一直在写信。
十二、将来完成进行时 (The Future Perfect Continuous)
将来完成进行时由“will/shall have been+现在分词”构成。它表示某一动作一直持续到将来的某一时刻，例如：
By next summer she will have been working in the laboratory for three years.
到明年夏天，她在实验室工作将有三年了。
On April 2nd, , we shall have been living in the house exactly thirty years.
到4月2日，我们就在这幢房子里住了整整三十年了。
十三、过去将来时 (The Past Future Indefinite)
过去将来时由“would/should+动词原形”构成。它主要用于下列情况：
1. 表示从过去某时看来将要发生的事情，例如：
They were sure they would win final victory.
他们坚信会赢得最后胜利。
2. 表示过去习惯性的动作，例如：
Every evening he would go and talk with the workers.
每天晚上他都和工人交谈。
十四、过去将来进行时 (The Past Future Continuous)
过去将来进行时是由“would/should be+现在分词”构成。它表示从过去某时看将来要发生的动作，例如：
He asked me what I would be doing the next morning.
他问我第二天早上干什么。
I told him not to come at three o'clock because I should be having a meeting at that time.
我告诉他不要三点钟来，因为那时候我在开会。
十五、过去将来完成时 (The Past Future Perfect)
过去将来完成时由“would/should have+过去分词”构成。它表示从过去某时看将来某个时间前已经发生的动作，例如：
She hoped that we would have got the plan ready before she came back.
她希望她回来前我们已经把计划做好。
I thought they would have told you about it.
我以为他们会已经告诉你这件事了。
十六、过去将来完成进行时 (The Past Future Perfect Continuous)
过去将来完成进行时由“would/should have been+现在分词”构成。它表示从过去某时看将来某时以前一直在进行的动作，例如：
They told me that by the end of the year they would have been working together for thirty years.
他们告诉我，到年底时他们在一起工作就要满三十年了。
I found that next June I should have been going to this school for two years.
我发现，到次年六月，我就已经在这个学校学习两年了。
篇5：动词的时态和语态
动词的时态 --- 基本概念 5. 现在进行时和过去进行时 基本概念: 指目前(一点或一段时间) / 过去(一点或一段时间)正在发生的动作. 例句 1. I don’t really work here. I ____ until the new secretary _______. A. just help out; comes B. have just helped out; will come C. am just helping out; comes D. will just help out; has come (正确选项 C, 指目前一段时间正在发生的动作, until 引导的是时间状语从句,动词需用一般现在时.) 2. --- When shall we leave? --- As soon as I ______ what I _______. A. will finish; do B. have finished, am doing C. finish, will do D. finish, do (正确选项B, as soon as 从句前省略了主句, 时间状语从句中动词强调将来的结果用现在完成时; what I am dong 指目前正在做的事.) 3. At that time he _____ in the library. A. worked B. had worked C. was working D. would work (正确选项C, was working 指 at that time 正在发生的行为.) 4. The students ____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she____in the office. A. were working; had left B. worked; left C. had worked; left D. were working; would leave (正确选项A, 句中went 是说话人给定的时间, work 和leave发生的时间都要看它们与went 的时间关系, work 与went动作同时发生, 强调正在做,用过去进行时; leave 在went之前发生, 应用过去完成时.) 5. --- Hey, look where you are going! --- Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _______. A. I’m not noticing. B. I wasn’t noticing. C. I haven’t noticed. D. I don’t notice. E. I didn’t notice. F. I won’t notice. (正确选项B, 对话的后者显然是在解释刚才不小心冒犯对方时正在做的事情.) 6. 一般过去时和过去进行时 比较下列句子： * I wrote a letter yesterday. （信写完了） * I was writing a letter yesterday. （一直在写信，但不一定写完了） * I was writing a letter when he came in. (他进来时，我正在写) 从以上例句可以看出，一般过去时常常用来表示过去的一个有结果的动作，而过去进行时1）强调动作在某一时刻正在发生2）动作在过去一段时间内一直在发生，无论哪一种情况都不强调动作的结果。再如： *He ______ a book about China last year, but I don’t know if he ______ it. wrote; has finished B. was writing; has finished C. was writing; had finished D. wrote; will finish 正确选项为B. 从I don’t know if he has finished it. 推断，他去年正在写。 * Tom ________ into the house when no one ___________. A. slipped; was noticing B. had slipped; noticed C. slipped; had noticed D. was slipping; noticed 正确选项为A. slip和notice 为同时发生的动作，因此B、C为错误选项，slipped指过去有结果的动作（他溜进去了），when no one was noticing 指他溜进去的一刹那发生的情况（没有人注意）。 * As she ________ the newspaper, Granny _________ asleep. A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell was reading; was falling D. read; fell 正确选项为B(道理同上)。 * The last time I _________ Jane she __________ cotton in the fields. A. had seen; was picking B. saw; picked C. had seen; picked D. saw; was picking 正确选项为D(道理同上)。 7. 过去完成时 基本概念: A) 表过去某一时间以前有结果的行为 * She said she had seen the film. 这里需要注意的是，had seen 一定是发生在said之前的行为，而不是之后。 再如： * The old man _____ two days after he had been sent to hospital. A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died 正确选项为A, 因为died是发生在had been sent to hospital之后而不是之前的行为；died 是站在现在时间角度看过去，是强调过去发生了的事情，而不是强调现在如何，因此D错，B错（过去将来时是站在过去的时间角度看过去的将来）。 * Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon ______ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned 正确选项为A(道理同上)。 B) 表延续到过去某一时间的行为 * She said she had been a doctor for 20 years. C) 表过去某一时间以前未曾实现的愿望或打算 * I _____ my son _____ a doctor, but he wasn’t good enough at science. A. hoped; would become B. had hoped; would become C. had hoped; will become D. hope; will become 正确选项为B。 * I _____ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away. A. hope B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped 正确选项为C。 8. 过去将来时 基本概念: 表过去某一时间之后将要发生的行为（过去的将来）。 * We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office soon. A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left
正确选项为B。
* She said she ___(leave) the next morning.
答案可以是：A. would leave B. was leaving C. was going to leave
由此可以看出, 我们在一般将来时中讨论的将来时的多种形式均可灵活地运用于过去将来时中。
9. 将来完成时
基本概念:
在讨论了现在完成时和过去完成时之后，我们应该认识到：完成时的概念其实就是两条1）表结果 2）表延续 ，站在现在时间角度看，就是现在完成时；时间移到过去就是过去完成是；时间移至将来就是将来完成时，因此，将来完成时
A) 表到将来某一时间前要完成的行为
* By the end of they will have built the factory.
* We will have finished the work before she arrives tonight.
B) 表延续到将来某一时间的行为
* I will have been a teacher for 20 years by the end of next year.
动词的被动语态
以上我们讨论了动词主动语态的各种时态，与主动语态一样，被动语态也有相同的各种时态。因此，我们只要关注被动语态的某些特殊用法就可以了。
被动语态的某些特殊用法
A. 有些及物动词有时形式上为主动, 表达主语的特性或特征
* The kind of cloth washes well.
* The book sells / writes well.
* Your hands feel cold.
篇6：动词的时态和语态
高中英语语法复习应围绕两大主题展开, 第一: 从句部分(定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)；第二：动词部分（动词的时态和语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、虚拟、倒装），其中前三部分为复习的重点。
动词的时态 --- 基本概念
1. 一般现在时
例句1 --- You’re drinking too much.
--- Only at home. No one ___ me but you.
A. is seeing B. has seen C. sees D. saw
正确选项为C, 说话人此时指目前一个经常性的行为。
例句2 I bought a radio here yesterday, but it ______ work.
A. didn’t B. doesn’t C. won’t D. can’t
正确选项为B, 说话人此时强调的不是动作发生的时间，而是东西的性质，即收音机的质量不好。
基本概念: 指经常性的行为或强调东西的特性，而忽略时间概念。
特殊用法: 主句为一般将来时，状语从句要用一般现在时（如强调动作的结果，可用现在完成时）。
例句1 I’ll tell him when he comes back.
2 We’ll go out if we are free tomorrow.
3 Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
4. Please tell me as soon as you have finished it.
(注意：主句是祈使句时，动作还没有发生，因此看成一般将来时。)
2. 一般将来时
基本形式:
A. will (shall) do B. be going to do
两种形式有时可以互换，但A 更强调意愿；B更强调计划和安排。
例句1 --- You’ve left the light on.
--- Oh, so I have. I’ll go and turn it off.
2 I’m going to fly to Shanghai tomorrow.
其它可表将来时的形式
1) 表运动动词 ( come; go; leave; arrive, …) 的进行时--- 表计划或安排
* He’s arriving tomorrow.
2) be to do --- 表计划或安排
* We are to meet at the station at six tonight.
3) be about to do … --- “… 马上就要…”
* The train is about to leave.
be about to do … when… --- “ 正要… 突然…”
* He was about to leave when the telephone rang. (此句为过去将来时。)
3. 一般过去时和现在完成时
以上两种时态是时态部分难点，首先，为什么要将这两种时态放在一起讨论？
例句：1. Who put forward the suggestion?
2. When did he leave?
3. She often came to help us. （他过去常来帮我们。）
4. I didn’t know you were so busy. （我没想到你这么忙。）
以上各句中用的都是一般过去时，显然，说话的人是强调过去某时发生的动作或情况。
5. How many pages have you covered today?
6. I haven’t seen him for many days.
7. I’ve always walked to work.
8. The students have already left.
9. The city has taken on a new look.
10. Thank you. I’ve had my supper.
以上各句用的都是现在完成时，可以看出，与一般过去时一样，现在完成时所表示的动作也是发生在过去（说话以前），但它强调的是：
1）动作从过去持续到说话这一时刻（例5---7）
2）过去的动作对现状有某种影响（例8---10），说话人强调的是现在如何。
注意在现在完成时的第一种用法中，时间状语常用for…; since…短语（从句）
如：We haven’t seen each other for many years./ since he left 10 years ago.
此时（主句）谓语动词不能用非延续性动词。如：
* He has left home for many years.（错误）
* He has been away from home for many years. (正确)
* He has died since 1990. （错误）
* He has been dead since 1990.(正确)
两种时态的比较练习:
1. --- Where __you __ (put) the book? I can’t see it anywhere.
--- I ___(put) it right here. But now it’s gone.
A. did ; put; put B. have; put; put C. did; put; have put D. have; put; have put
2. We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _______ to her?
A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened
3. Hello, I ____ you were in London. How long _________ here?
A. don’t know; were you B. hadn’t known; are you
C. haven’t known; are D. didn’t know; have you been
4. I’m glad to tell you that we _____ the work in less time than we _____ expected to.
A. finished; were B. have finished; are
C. have finished; were D. had finished; were
5. It _____ that pleasant music keeps people from becoming tired at their work.
A. finds B. has found C. was found D. has been found
6. When I was at college I _______ three foreign language but I ________ all except a few words of each.
A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten
C. had spoken; had forgotten C. had spoken; have forgotten
Key:
1. B 前者强调的是 I can’t find it anywhere (now), 因此用现在完成时;后者强调的是I put it right here(just now).
2. C 说话者强调Jane 目前的状况.
3. D didn’t know 强调见面前原不知道.
4. C 全句含义为 “我们现在已经比预期的(强调过去)提前完成任务( 强调现在).
5. D 为被动语态的现在完成时, 强调that 从句的内容现在已被发现,为人所知.
6. B 注意when I was at college 是指过去的某一时间,动词应用一般过去时; I have forgotten 是指现在的情况.
4. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时
I’ve been sitting here all afternoon.
现在完成进行时强调动作从过去持续到现在,而且目前还在进行。
这里需要注意两点：
1）有少数动词（如：work, study, live, teach等）用现在完成时和现在完成进行时的意思是无大的区别的， 如：
* They have lived / have been living here all their lives.
* She has worked / has been working here for eight years.
在强调动作延续时间的长久时，用现在完成进行时更多些, 如：
2）大多数动词现在完成时强调动作的结果；现在完成进行时强调动作的延续，
* I’ve been writing an article. (还在写)
* I’ve written an article. (已完成)
练习：
1. --- Hi, Tracy, you look tired. “
--- I am tired. I _______ the living room all day.
A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted
2. --- Have you had any letters from him?
--- No, I haven’t, but my wife _______ him regularly .
A. has heard from B. has been hearing from
C. had heard from D. hears
Key: 1. C (强调动作从过去到现在的延续，而非动作的结果)
2. B ( 非强调结果，A错；不是指目前一般的情况，D错；是指从过去延续到现在的情况，故B对。)
动词的时态和语态(2) 动词的时态 --- 基本概念 5. 现在进行时和过去进行时 基本概念: 指目前(一点或一段时间) / 过去(一点或一段时间)正在发生的动作. 例句 1. I don’t really work here. I ____ until the new secretary _______. A. just help out; comes B. have just helped out; will come C. am just helping out; comes D. will just help out; has come (正确选项 C, 指目前一段时间正在发生的动作, until 引导的是时间状语从句,动词需用一般现在时.) 2. --- When shall we leave? --- As soon as I ______ what I _______. A. will finish; do B. have finished, am doing C. finish, will do D. finish, do (正确选项B, as soon as 从句前省略了主句, 时间状语从句中动词强调将来的结果用现在完成时; what I am dong 指目前正在做的事.) 3. At that time he _____ in the library. A. worked B. had worked C. was working D. would work (正确选项C, was working 指 at that time 正在发生的行为.) 4. The students ____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she____in the office. A. were working; had left B. worked; left C. had worked; left D. were working; would leave (正确选项A, 句中went 是说话人给定的时间, work 和leave发生的时间都要看它们与went 的时间关系, work 与went动作同时发生, 强调正在做,用过去进行时; leave 在went之前发生, 应用过去完成时.) 5. --- Hey, look where you are going! --- Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _______. A. I’m not noticing. B. I wasn’t noticing. C. I haven’t noticed. D. I don’t notice. E. I didn’t notice. F. I won’t notice. (正确选项B, 对话的后者显然是在解释刚才不小心冒犯对方时正在做的事情.) 6. 一般过去时和过去进行时 比较下列句子： * I wrote a letter yesterday. （信写完了） * I was writing a letter yesterday. （一直在写信，但不一定写完了） * I was writing a letter when he came in. (他进来时，我正在写) 从以上例句可以看出，一般过去时常常用来表示过去的一个有结果的动作，而过去进行时1）强调动作在某一时刻正在发生2）动作在过去一段时间内一直在发生，无论哪一种情况都不强调动作的结果。再如： *He ______ a book about China last year, but I don’t know if he ______ it. wrote; has finished B. was writing; has finished C. was writing; had finished D. wrote; will finish 正确选项为B. 从I don’t know if he has finished it. 推断，他去年正在写。 * Tom ________ into the house when no one ___________. A. slipped; was noticing B. had slipped; noticed C. slipped; had noticed D. was slipping; noticed 正确选项为A. slip和notice 为同时发生的动作，因此B、C为错误选项，slipped指过去有结果的动作（他溜进去了），when no one was noticing 指他溜进去的一刹那发生的情况（没有人注意）。 * As she ________ the newspaper, Granny _________ asleep. A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell was reading; was falling D. read; fell 正确选项为B(道理同上)。 * The last time I _________ Jane she __________ cotton in the fields. A. had seen; was picking B. saw; picked C. had seen; picked D. saw; was picking 正确选项为D(道理同上)。 7. 过去完成时 基本概念: A) 表过去某一时间以前有结果的行为 * She said she had seen the film. 这里需要注意的是，had seen 一定是发生在said之前的行为，而不是之后。 再如： * The old man _____ two days after he had been sent to hospital. A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died 正确选项为A, 因为died是发生在had been sent to hospital之后而不是之前的行为；died 是站在现在时间角度看过去，是强调过去发生了的事情，而不是强调现在如何，因此D错，B错（过去将来时是站在过去的时间角度看过去的将来）。 * Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon ______ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned 正确选项为A(道理同上)。 B) 表延续到过去某一时间的行为 * She said she had been a doctor for 20 years. C) 表过去某一时间以前未曾实现的愿望或打算 * I _____ my son _____ a doctor, but he wasn’t good enough at science. A. hoped; would become B. had hoped; would become C. had hoped; will become D. hope; will become 正确选项为B。 * I _____ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away. A. hope B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped 正确选项为C。 8. 过去将来时 基本概念: 表过去某一时间之后将要发生的行为（过去的将来）。 * We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office soon. A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left
正确选项为B。
* She said she ___(leave) the next morning.
答案可以是：A. would leave B. was leaving C. was going to leave
由此可以看出, 我们在一般将来时中讨论的将来时的多种形式均可灵活地运用于过去将来时中。
9. 将来完成时
基本概念:
在讨论了现在完成时和过去完成时之后，我们应该认识到：完成时的概念其实就是两条1）表结果 2）表延续 ，站在现在时间角度看，就是现在完成时；时间移到过去就是过去完成是；时间移至将来就是将来完成时，因此，将来完成时
A) 表到将来某一时间前要完成的行为
* By the end of 2000 they will have built the factory.
* We will have finished the work before she arrives tonight.
B) 表延续到将来某一时间的行为
* I will have been a teacher for 20 years by the end of next year.
动词的被动语态
以上我们讨论了动词主动语态的各种时态，与主动语态一样，被动语态也有相同的各种时态。因此，我们只要关注被动语态的某些特殊用法就可以了。
被动语态的某些特殊用法
A. 有些及物动词有时形式上为主动, 表达主语的特性或特征
* The kind of cloth washes well.
* The book sells / writes well.
* Your hands feel cold.
动词的时态和语态(3) --- 基本概念检测
(动词的时态和语态)
Choose the right answer
1. They _____ friends since they met in Shanghai.
A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have had
2. The secretary is going to report to the manager as soon as he ______.
A. will arrive B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arriving
3. We all know that ice ______.
A. feel cold B. is felt sold C. is feeling cold D. feels cold
4. ---This cloth _____ well and _____ long.
--- OK. I’ll take it.
A. washes ; lasts B. is washed; lasted
C. washes, is lasted D. is washing, lasting
5. ---Is this raincoat yours?
--- No, mine ______ there behind the door.
A. is hanging B. hangs C. has been hanged D. hung
6. Helen _____ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _____ home.
A. has left; comes B. left; had come
C. had left; came D. had left; would come
7. It _____ every day so far this week.
A. is raining B. rained C. rains D. has been raining
8. In ancient days （古代）the earth ______ to be flat.
A. is believed B. was believed C. has believed D. believed
9. --- Are you going to the movies tonight?
--- Yes, I ______ my work by that time.
A. will finish B. finish C. am going to finish D. will have finished
10. --- Was the driving pleasant when you vacationed in Mexico last summer?
--- No, it _____ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.
A. was raining B. would be raining C. had been raining D. has rained
11. However much _____, it will be worth it
A. does the watch cost B. costs the watch
C. the watch will cost D. the watch costs
12. If the dog wins tomorrow, he _____ sixteen races in the past three years.
A. has won B. will win C. will have won D. would have won
13. I decided to go to the library as soon as I _______.
A. finish what I did B. finished what I did
C. would finish what I was doing D. finished what I was doing
14. You won’t know if the coat fits you until you _____ it on.
A. will try B. are trying C. tried D. have tried
15. My dictionary _______, I have looked for it everywhere but still _______.
A. has lost; don’t find B. is missing; don’t find
C. has lost; haven’t found D. is missing; haven’t found
16. --- How long ______ each other before they _____ married?
--- For about a year.
A. have they known; get B. did they know; were going to get
C. do they know; are going to get D. had they known; got
17. --- Come in, Peter, I want to show you something.
--- Oh, how nice of you. I _____ you _____ to bring me a gift.
A. never think; are going B. never thought; were going
C. didn’t think; are going D. hadn’t thought; were going
18. When Jack arrived he learned Mary _______ for almost an hour.
A. had gone B. had set off C. had left D. had been away
19 --- I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
--- Oh, not at all. I ______ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will
20. The police found that the house _______ and s lot of things ______.
A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into; had been stolen
C. has been broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen
21. --- Have you moved into the house?
--- Not yet. The rooms ________.
A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting
22. If the city noises _______ from increasing, people ______ shout to be heard at the dinner table 20 years from now.
A. are not kept ; will have to B. are not kept; have to
C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep, have to
23. --- ________ the sports meet might be put off.
--- Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I was told
24. You don’t need to describe her. I _______ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
25. I don’t think Jim saw me; he ______ into space.
A. just stared (凝视) B. was just staring
C. has just stared D. had just stared
26. --- _______ my glasses?
--- Yes, I _______ them on your bed a minute ago.
A. Do you see; saw B. Had you seen; have seen
C. Have you seen; saw D. Would you see; saw
27. --- We could have walked to the station; it was so near.
--- Yes. A taxi _______ at all necessary.
A. wasn’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. won’t be
28. --- Who is Jerry Cooper?
--- ______? I saw you shake hands with him at the meeting.
A. Don’t you meet him yet B. Hadn’t you met him yet
C. Didn’t you meet him yet D. Haven’t you met him yet
29. --- Nancy is not coming tonight.
--- But she _______!
A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised
30. _______ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave
31. --- Can you attend the party tomorrow?
--- I think I can when my headache ________ thoroughly.(完全)
A. will disappear B. is disappearing C. disappears D. is disappeared
32. It is clear that his poor education _______ him back.
A. has been held B. is holding C. will be held D. had held
33. --- How are you planning to travel to Shanghai?
--- I ____ yet, but I ______ taking a train.
A. haven’t decided; am considering B. haven’t decided, consider
C. didn’t decided; am considering D. hadn’t decided; have considered
34. The pen I _______ I _______ is on my desk, right under my nose.
A. think, lose B. thought , had lost C. think , had lost D. thought, have lost
35. --- Have you heard about the new school?
--- No, when and where to build the new one _______ yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided C. hasn’t decided D. haven’t decided
36. --- Sorry, I’m late.
--- That’s OK. I _____ long.
A. haven’t waited B. don’t wait C. haven’t been waiting D. didn’t wait
37. --- Nancy sat in the front seat on the left side of the classroom.
--- Oh! I thought she ______ in the back.
A. will sit B. had sat C. is sitting D. has sat
38. I must leave, too. I _______ having tea with you, Bill.
A. was enjoying B. am enjoying C. enjoyed D. enjoy
39. I ______ my face when suddenly someone ______ at the door.
A. washed, knocked B. washed, was knocking
C. was washing, was knocking D. was washing, knocked
40. I ______ at the station half an hour ago, but the train _____ yet.
A. arrived, hadn’t come B. was arriving, hadn’t come
C. arrived, hasn’t come D. had arrived, didn’t come
41. --- Why did you come by taxi?
--- My car broke down last week and I still _______ it repaired.
A. haven’t had B. didn’t have C. don’t have D. won’t have
42. I’m surprised to find you here looking well and playing tennis, Jim. Ann said that you _____ sick.
A. are B. were C. would be D. had been
43. The price _________, but I doubt whether it will remain so.
A. went down B. will go down C. has gone done D. was going down
44. --- Did you go to Qingdao for vacation last August?
--- I _______ to go, but I got sick at the last minute.
A. was planning B. had been planning C. planned D. have planned
45. I met him at a party, but I haven’t seen him ______.
A. since B. still C. yet D. then
46. All the preparations for the task ________, and we’re ready to start.
A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed
47. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in my life _____ so happy.
A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt
48. --- How are you today?
--- Oh, I ________ as ill as I do now for a very long time.
A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt
49. The reporter said the UFO ______ east to west when he saw it.
A. was travelling B. travelled C. had been travelling D. was to travel
50. --- I think that you need ______ practice on playing the violin.
--- ______ violin lessons every two weeks, but I think I’ll make it every week from now on.
A. less; I have B. less; I’ve taking C. more; I have D. more; I’ve been having
Key:
1---5 CBDAA 6---10 CDBDC 11---15 DCDDD 16---20 DBDAD
21---25 AAABB 26---30 CADBD 31---35 CBABA 36---40 CBCDC
41---45ABCBA 46---50DDDAD ?
★ 入门初级教程之一
★ 小学英语教学计划
★ 初中英语作文复习
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