英语作文非谓语动词3种错误写法（精选27篇）由网友“云云田田喵”投稿提供，下面是小编整理过的英语作文非谓语动词3种错误写法，欢迎大家阅读分享借鉴，希望对大家有所帮助。
篇1：英语作文非谓语动词3种错误写法
英语作文有关非谓语动词3种错误写法
摘要：非谓语动词包括动名词、动词不定式和分词结构。它们的使用，能够极大地丰富作文句式，避免单一的结构重复出现，以免作文显得过于单调，也能使句式更为精炼和简洁。很多考生随着英语水平的提高，在作文中采用非谓语动词的表达形式的频率也越来越高，但是在使用过程中却出现了一些错误的写法。下面给大家列举出很多考生在使用非谓语动词写作时常常出现的三种不恰当的写法，在平时的练习时要注意规避！
(一)动名词复合结构主谓一致错误
单个动名词短语作主语，谓语应该用单数形式。尤其当动名词本身有名词作宾语时，大家一定要注意切不可把该名词的`单复数和谓语的单复数混为一谈。
例：买衣服通常是一项耗时间的工作，因为一个人喜欢的衣服未必适合她/他自己。
[误]Buying clothes are often a time-consuming job because the clothes that a person likes are not necessarily the ones that fit him or her。
[正]Buying clothes is often a time-consuming job because the clothes that a person likes are not necessarily the ones that fit him or her。
[分析]该句话的主语是动名词复合结构“buying clothes”，单个动名词短语作主语，谓语应该用单数形式。
(二)独立主格结构分词形式使用错误
独立主格结构中都带有相应的逻辑主语，分词的选择需要把握清楚分词和逻辑主语之间的主被动关系。
例：随着独生子女家庭成为主要的家庭形式，父母试图给孩子一种近乎完美的保护。
[误]With one-child family been the dominant pattern of household， parents attempt to give a perfect shelter to their children。
[正]With one-child family being the dominant pattern of household， parents attempt to give a perfect shelter to their children。
[分析]“随着独生子女家庭成为主要的家庭形式”做伴随状语，译为独立主格结构，动词be和其逻辑主语one-child family 之间是主动关系，所以be 应该使用现在分词形式。
(三)谓语动词和非谓语动区分不清
在一个完整的句子中，若出现了两个或两个以上的非并列关系的动词结构，除了主干谓语动词之外的动词需要采用非谓语动词的形式或者从句谓语动词的形式。很多同学在写作时，很容易出现谓语动词和非谓语动词区分不清的情况，尤其在写there be句型时，误用杂糅结构。
例：有成千上万个例子告诉我们：如果我们想要成功，就需要一个正确的方向。
[误]There are thousands of examples tell us： if we want to succeed， we need a correct direction。
[正]There are thousands of examples telling us： if we want to succeed， we need a correct direction。
[分析]there be 句型表示存在，是一个完整的句型结构，be动词就是谓语动词，所以句中若出现了其他动词，可以采用非谓语动词形式，因此动词tell不能直接使用原形，而且由于examples 和tell之间是主谓关系，所以要用tell的现在分词形式。
篇2：英语非谓语动词知识点
不定式和动名词作主语的区别
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.
这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much.
你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting.
爬山很有趣。(经验)
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.
在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)
(3)不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
篇3：英语非谓语动词知识点
不定式和动名词作宾语的区别
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求：
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装
ask问 dread害怕 need需要
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划
bother扰乱;烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备
decide决定 learn学习regret抱歉，遗憾
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许
start开始 undertake承接 want想要
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝
decide决定 learn学习vow起
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议
seek找，寻觅 try试图
2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式
ask要求，邀请 get请，得到 prompt促使
allow允许 forbid禁止 prefer喜欢，宁愿
announce宣布 force强迫 press迫使
bride 收买 inspire鼓舞 request请求
assist协助 hate憎恶 pronounce断定，表示
advise劝告 exhort告诫，勉励 pray请求
authorize授权，委托 help帮助 recommend劝告，推荐
bear容忍 implore恳求 remind提醒
beg请求 induce引诱 report报告
compel强迫 invite吸引，邀请， summon传唤
command命令 intend想要，企图 show 显示
drive驱赶 mean意欲，打算 train训练
cause引起 instruct指示 require要求
deserve应受 leave使，让 tell告诉
direct指导 like喜欢 tempt劝诱
entitle有资格 order命令 warn告诫
enable使能够 need需要 urge激励，力说
encourage鼓励 oblige不得不 want想要
condemn指责，谴责 lead引起，使得 teach教
entreat恳求 permit允许 wish希望
(2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语
acknowledge承认，自认 cease 停止 mention说到，讲到
admit 承认 tolerate忍受 dislike不喜欢，讨厌
advocate：提倡，主张 complete完成 dread可怕
appreciate 感激，欣赏 confess坦白 endure忍受
avoid避免 contemplate细想 enjoy享有，喜爱
bear忍受 defer拖延 envy嫉妒
can't help不禁 delay延迟 escape逃跑，逃避
can't stand受不了 deny否认 excuse借口
consider 考虑 detest嫌恶 fancy幻想，爱好
favor 造成，偏爱 mind 介意 repent悔悟
figure描绘，计算 miss错过 resent怨恨
finish完成，结束不得 pardon原谅，饶恕 resist抵抗，阻止
forgive原谅 permit 允许 resume恢复
imagine设想 postpone延迟，延期 risk冒险
involve卷入，包含 practise 实行，实践 suggest建议
hate讨厌 prevent阻止 save营救，储蓄
keep保持 quit放弃停止 stand坚持，忍受
loathe非常讨厌，厌恶 recall回想
篇4：英语非谓语动词知识点
不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别
(1)不定式作表语
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither.
一次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.
我的建议是立刻开始干。
2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也是不定式(表示结果)。
To see is to believe.
百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living.
工作就是为了生活。
3)如果主语是以aim， duty， hope， idea， happiness， job， plan， problem， purpose， thing， wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明 作用。
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.
他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。
Our work is serving the people.
我们的工作是为人民服务。
His hobby is collecting stamps.
他的爱好是集邮。
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。
(3)分词作表语
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite， interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有：
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的
Travelling is interesting but tiring.
旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.
如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。
The argument is very convincing.
他的论点很令人信服。
They were very excited at the news.
听到这个消息，他们非常激动。
篇5：英语非谓语动词语法
英语非谓语动词语法
动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。
Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用)
爬山是一项好运动。
Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分词起形容词作用)
你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗?
He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用)
他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。
谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：
2) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
Miss Mary teaches us English.
玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语)
Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。
(to have a talk.... 不定式作状语)
3) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。
Larke likes the pop music.
拉克喜欢流行音乐。
(动词用单数第三人称形式)
Larke has nothing to do today.
拉克今天没什么事要做。(do 用原形)
非谓语动词的特征：
2 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。
Studying English is my favorite.
学习英语是我的爱好。(studying 后跟宾语)
To help him is my duty.
帮助他是我的责任。(help 后跟宾语)
3 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。
Working under such a condition is terrible.
在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。
(under such a condition 是 working 的状语)
It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.
他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。
(for him 作不定式的逻辑主语)
4 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.
对不起让你久等了。
(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式)
Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.
从山上看，这座城市美丽多了。
(Seen from...是分词的被动形式)
5 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。
Our coming made him happy.
我们的到来使他很高兴。(coming 起名词作用)
There are two big swimming pools here.
?
这儿有两个大型游泳池。
(swimming 起形容词作用)
非谓语动词的形式变化：
不 定 式 主 动 被 动
一 般 to write to be written
进 行 to be writing /
完 成 to have written to have been written
完成进行 to have been writing /
现在分词 主 动 被 动
一 般 writing being written
完 成 having written having been written
过 去 分 词 一般 written
动 名 词 主 动 被 动
一般 writing being written
完成 having written having been written
动 名 词
动名词是由动词原形 + ing 构成，同现在分词形式一样，在句中可作主语， 宾语，表语和定语。
1) 动名词作主语：
Talking like that is not polite.
那样谈话不礼貌。
Learning1 from others is important .
向别人学习很重要。
Putting on more clothes is not so good .
多穿衣服不一定好。
动名词可以象动词不定式一样，用 it 先行祠代替， 而把动名词写在后面。
It's no use waiting here, let's go home.
在这儿等着也没用，我们回家吧。
It's very difficult climbing this mountain.
爬这座山很困难。
2) 动名词作表语
The nurse's job is looking after the patients.
护士的工作是护理病人。
Seeing is believing.
眼见为实。
3) 动名词作宾语
有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep.
Please stop smoking2 in the house.
请不要在家里抽烟。
I like reading in the forest.
我喜欢在树林里读书。
Do you mind my opening the windows?
你介意我打开窗户吗?
She is found of collecting stamp.
她喜欢集邮。
动名词作定语
She is studying in the reading room.
她在阅览室学习。
He slept in the sleeping bag.
他在睡袋里睡觉。
动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词
He pretend3 not knowing it at all.
他假装全然不知。
We considered not doing it now.
我们考虑现在不做这件事 。
动名词的时态：
动名词的一般时 动名词的一般时表示动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词的动作之后发生。
I enjoy swimming in the big river.
我喜欢在大河里游泳。
I am used to watching TV in the evening.
我习惯于晚上看电视。
动名词的完成时 动名词的完成时表示动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。
She regret not having studied the computer hard.
她后悔没有努力学习计算机。
Do you remember having promised me that?
你记得给我许愿了吗?
动名词的被动形式 ：
当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时，用动名词的被动形式来表示。
His being looked down upon made him sick.
他被人冷落使他很伤感。
I can't really stand being treated like that.
我简直受不了这样的对待。
动名词的几个特殊情况：
1) 有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语，有些动词能跟不定式，有些两者都可以， 它们的具体含义有时还不一样。
能跟动名词的动词有：
avoid, consider, delay4, deny5, dislike, endure6, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist7, suggest, understand, can't help, 等。
能跟不定式的动词有：
decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake8, want, wish, agree, manage,
能跟动名词和不定式的动词有：
love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose9, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve10, start,
动词后面跟动名词还是不定式，含义不相同，总的来说，表示习惯的， 一般性的动作多跟动名词，一次性的具体的被动动作多跟不定式。
I like to go with you.
我想和你一块儿去。
I like reading.
我喜欢阅读。
He promised to help her.
他答应过要帮助她。
We love watching VCD.
我们喜欢看VCD。
2) remember, forget, regret后面跟动名词时，动名词表示过去的动作， 后面跟不定式时，不定式表示将来的动作。
I remember meeting him in the street.
我记得在街上见过他。
I remember to write a letter to my parents.
我想起来要给我父母亲写信。
3) “stop + 动名词”表示停止动名词所表示的动作， “stop + 不定式”表示停下来 做不定式所表示的动作。
Stop smoking, please.
请不要抽烟 。
Let's stop to have a rest.
咱们停下来休息一下吧。
4) 动名词和分词的区别：
动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，而分词作定语时， 分词和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。
reading text 阅读课文 〔动名词〕
developing country 发展中国家 〔分词〕
a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔动名词〕
boiled water 开水 〔分词〕
篇6：英语非谓语动词讲解及练习
非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即：
doing , done , to do , doing 。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：
现在分词 doing : 有being done（被动式） ; having done （完成式）; having been do
ne （完成被动式）
不定式 to do : 有to be done （被动式）; to have done （完成式）; to be doing（进行式）
动名词 doing : 有having done（完成式）; being done（被动式） ;
非谓语动词的特点： 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。
下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解：
一． 动词不定式
先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。
1．To learn a foreign language is difficult .
2． His wish is to be a driver .
3．Tom wanted to have a cup of beer .
4．The teacher told us to do morning exercises .
5．I have nothing to say .
6．They went to see their aunt .
7．It’s easy to see their aunt.
8．I don’t know what to do next .
9．I heard them make a noise .
说明：1．动词不定式作主语, 2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4．动词不定式作宾语补足语，5．动词不定式作定语,6．动词不定式作目的状语,7．动词不定式作真正主语，it 代替动词不定式，作形式主语。8．带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语,9．不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：
1． “to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。
agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ,
equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to
2． 带to 还是不带to
I have no choice but to give in
I cannot do anything but give in
I saw him enter the classroom .
（ 但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .）
3． 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of .
It’s necessary for you to study hard .
It’s foolish of him to do it .
与of 连用的形容词有：
good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible
4．后接不定式作宾语的动词有：
want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.
需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it important to obey the laws .
5．不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到to 。
want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , o
ught to , need to , used to , be able to
6．不定式作定语，应注意两种关系：
1）动宾关系：
He has a lot of meeting to attend .
Please lend me something to write with .
He is looking for a room to live
He is looking for a room to live in .
He has no money and no place
to live ( in ) .
I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot .
There is no time to think ( about ) .
2）主谓关系：
She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting .
----I’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post . ( 逻辑主语是I )
-------Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now ( 逻辑主语不是I )
7．不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义：
1） 原因
He is lucky to get here on time .
这种结构中常用的形容词有：
happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy
2) 目的
He came to help me with my maths .
3) 结果
I hurried to get there only to find him out .
The book is too hard for the boy to read .
He is old enough to go to school .
8 . 不定式作补足语
I saw him play in the street just now .
能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：
see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice
注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to , 如：
He was seen to play in the street just now.
二．动名词
Learning English is very difficult .
学英语非常困难。
His job is driving a bus .
他的工作是开车。
I enjoy dancing .
我喜欢跳舞。
I have got used to living in the country .
我已经习惯了住农村。
Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep .
吃点安眠药，你很快就会入睡。
注意以下几种结构：
1．There’s no telling what will happen .
=It’s impossible to tell what will happen .
= No one can tell what will happen .
2．It’s no use talking with him .
It’s no good speaking to them like that .
3．There’s some difficulty ( in ) doing …
在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换:
trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time
注意以下几个问题：
1．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，
forget to do … 忘记要做某事
forget doing… 忘记做了某事
remember to do…记住要做某事
remember doing …记着做了某事
mean to do … 有意要做某事
mean doing … 意味着做了某事
regret to do … 对要做的事表示后悔
regret doing … 对做过去的事后悔
can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事
try to do … 尽力去做某事
try doing 试着做某事
learn to do … 学着去做某事
learn doing … 学会做某事
stop to do … 停下来去做（另一件事）
stop doing … 停止做某事
go on to do … 接着做（另外一件事）
go on doing … 继续做某事
used to do … 过去做某事
be used to doing …习惯做某事
2．动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别
动名词作定语表达 n+ for doing 的含义
现在分词作定语表达 n+which(who) be doing的含义
如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping
a running horse = a horse which is running
前者是动名词 ， 后者是现在分词
又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy
3． 动名词的逻辑主语：
动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。
例如：His coming made us very happy .
4．动名词的语态和时态
5． 动名词主动形式表被动的情况：
need doing , want doing , require doing
例如： This room needs painting . 这个房间需要粉刷。
6．只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：
admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ,
三． 分词
1 The story is interesting . I’m interested in it .
这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴趣。
2 . This is a moving film .
这是一部动人的电影。
3. The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president .
秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。
4. Given more time , I’ll do it well .
如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。
When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank .
当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。
应注意的几个问题：
1．现在分词与过去分词的区别
Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?
= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ?
The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.
= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.
China is a developing country and America is a developed country.
2．分词作表语
The news sounds encouraging .
They got very excited .
1）现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别：
The news is interesting .
He is interested in the news .
doing 作表语，主语与表语是主谓关系 ；done 作表语，主语与表语是动宾关系。
2）表语与被动式的区别：
The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming .（强调动作）
The blackboard is broken . You’d better have it repaired.（强调状态）
3）常作表语的过去分词：
amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done
3．现在分词、动名词 现在进行时的区别
The situation in our country is encouraging . (表语)
The situation in our country is encouraging the people . ( 现在进行时)
My job is looking after the little baby . (动名词)
能回答how-question 的是现在分词，能回答what-question 的动名词，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是现在进行时。
例如： How is the situation in our country ? It is encouraging .
What is your job ? My job is looking after the little baby .
4．注意的四种结构：
have something to do 有某事要做
have something done 使某事被做
have somebody do something 使某人做某事
have something doing 让某事一直做着
5． 需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词：
seat , prepare , hide , dress
如：I seated myself on the chair .
I was seated on the chair .
6．分词做状语与不定式的区别：
分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式、伴随等；而不定式表示目的和结果。
Having finished the homework , I went home . （ 时间）
Being a Party member , I should work hard . （原因）
Given more time ,I can do my work better . （ 条件 ）
He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy. （ 伴随）
To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder . ( 目的 )
He is old enough to join the army . （ 结果）
7．分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别
a running horse 现在分词 = a horse that is running
a fallen leaf 过去分词 = a leaf that has already fallen
a walking stick 动名词 = a stick for walking
something to do 不定式 = something that I should do
8．不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别：
I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting . ( 将来)
The building being built on the river is the Science Museum . （正在进行）
The building completed three years ago is now in bad conditions . （ 过去）
9．分词做状语需要注意的一个问题：
分词与句子主语的逻辑关系
Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful .( 错误 )
Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful . （ 正确）
Seeing 与the city 不是主谓关系；seen 与city 是动宾关系
练习
I .单项选择
1.Most of the people _____ to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting
2. ______ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it .
A. Having being told B. Though had been told C. He was told
D. Having told
3. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _____ on a big rock by the side of the path .
A.to have rested B. testing C. to rest D. rest
4. The next morning she found the man ______ in bed , dead .
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
5. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , _______ it more difficult .
A. to make B. not to make C. not making D. to not make
6 . The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 B.C., did not include women plays until 1912 .
A.first playing B.to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing
7 . ---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting .
---- Well , now I regret ____________that .
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
8 . The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with talks , _______ that he had enjoyed his stay here .
A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added
9 . _______ a reply , he decided to write again .
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
10.The speaker raised his voice, but he still couldn’t make himself ________ .
A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard
Robert is said ___ abroad , but I don’t know what country be studied in .
to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
II . 用动词的正确形式填空
1. Little Tom should love ________ ( take ) to the theatre this evening .
2. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______ ( learn ) . He always works hard .
3. The computer centre , ______ ( open )last year , is very popular among the students in this school .
4. Go on _____( do ) the other exercise after you have finished this one .
5. How about two of us ______ ( take ) a walk down the garden .
答案：
I
1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.D
II
1.to be taken ; 2.to learn ; 3.opened ;4.to do ; 5.taking
篇7：英语的非谓语动词语法
英语的非谓语动词语法
Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用)
爬山是一项好运动。
Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分词起形容词作用)
你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗?
He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用)
他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。
谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：
3) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
Miss Mary teaches us English.
玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语)
Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。
(to have a talk.... 不定式作状语)
4) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。
Larke likes the pop music.
拉克喜欢流行音乐。
(动词用单数第三人称形式)
Larke has nothing to do today.
拉克今天没什么事要做。(do 用原形)
非谓语动词的特征：
3 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。
Studying English is my favorite.
学习英语是我的爱好。(studying 后跟宾语)
To help him is my duty.
帮助他是我的责任。(help 后跟宾语)
4 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。
Working under such a condition is terrible.
在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。
(under such a condition 是 working 的状语)
It's too difficult for him to master
English in such a short time.
他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。
(for him 作不定式的逻辑主语)
5 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.
对不起让你久等了。
(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式)
Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.
从山上看，这座城市美丽多了。
(Seen from...是分词的被动形式)
6 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。
Our coming made him happy.
我们的到来使他很高兴。(coming 起名词作用)
There are two big swimming pools here.
这儿有两个大型游泳池。
(swimming 起形容词作用)
非谓语动词的形式变化：
不 定 式 主 动 被 动
一 般 to write to be written
进 行 to be writing/
完 成 to have written to have been written
完成进行 to have been writing /
现在分词 主 动 被 动
一 般 writingbeing written
完 成 having written having been written
过去分词 一般 written
动 名 词 主 动 被 动
一 般 writingbeing written
完 成 having written having been written
分 词
分词是由动词 +ing 或 动词 + ed 构成，它在句中起形容词或副词的作用，可以作定语，表语，状语。
working worked washing washed
分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种，现在分词的形式同动名词一样，在动词后面加 ing 。 而过去分词的形式则在动词后面加 ed. 分词在句中可作定语，状语或表语。
分词作定语
China is a developing1 country.
中国是一个发展中国家。
That's an interesting story.
这是一个有趣的故事。
The girl singing for us is ten years old.
给我们唱歌的女孩十岁了。
作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前，如果是分词词组则放在被修饰的名词之后， 如被修饰的名词是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分词放在被修饰名词的后面。
The working people have played a great role in the activity.
工人在这次活动中起主要作用。
The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.
被汽车撞伤的小孩马上被送到了医院。
There is nothing interesting.
没什么有趣的事。
分词和动名词都可以作定语，判断是分词还是动名词，可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断， 有主谓关系的是分词， 否则判断为动名词。
a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。(分词)
a swimming pool 游泳的池子 (动名词)
分词作状语
Being a student, he likes to help others.
作为一个学生，他喜欢帮助别人。
Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.
戴了一副新眼镜，她看书就好多了。
She is there waiting for us.
她在那儿等我们呢。
Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong.
经老师一说，她知道自己不对。
分词作表语
The story is interesting .
故事有趣。
We are interested in computer.
我们对计算机感兴趣。
The glass is broken.
玻璃杯破了。
The water is boiled.
水是开的。
分词作宾语补足语
可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。
I saw him walking in the street.
我看见他在街上走。
I heard them singing in the classroom.
我听见他们在教室里唱歌。
We found the boy sleeping.
我们发现小孩睡着了。
have 后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作不是句子的主语发出的，而是由别人做的。
I have my hair cut.
我理发了。(是别人给我理发)
She has her bike repaired.
她把自行车修理了。(别人修理的)
They have their house rebuilt.
他们重修了房子。
分词的否定形式。not + 分词
Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.
不知道下一步干什么，她停下来等着。
Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare2 to go to school.
小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校。
分词的时态
分词的一般时表示动作同谓语动词的动作同时发生或之前发生。
Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing.
看到老师进来，学生们停下来不玩了。
Coming into the room, he lied on his bed.
回到家后，他就躺在床上。
分词的完成时表示的动作在谓语动词的前面发生。
Having received a latter, I knew everything is all right.
收到一封信后，我知道一切都很好。
Having had my supper, I went out for a walk.
晚饭后，我出去散步了。
Having known3 that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky.
他知道自己比赛获胜，高兴地把帽子扔上了天。
分词的被动形式
分词的被动形式表示分词动作同所修饰的名词有一种被动关系。
The entertainment building being built will be completed next year.
正在建设的娱乐大楼明年完工。
篇8：英语四级非谓语动词复习
英语语法复习非谓语动词：非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。
非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：
(1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词)，在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
(2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词)，在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
(3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词)，在句中作状语。
(4)谓语动词在句中作谓语，受主语的人称和数的限制；非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，它不受主语的人称和数的限制。
(5)英语中不能单独做句子的谓语。
篇9：英语四级非谓语动词复习
1.接不定式或动名词做宾语都可以，但在意思上有区别的动词的用法
mean to do想要(做某事)mean doing意味(做某事)propose to do打算(做某事)propose doing建议(做某事)
forget to do忘记(要做的`事)forget doing忘记(已做的事)remember to do记得(要做某事)remember doing记得(做过)
go on to do继而(做另一件事)go on doing继续(做原来的事)stop to do停下来去做另一件事stop doing停止正在做的事
regret to do(对将要做的事)遗憾regret doing(对已做过的事)后悔
2.不定式的习惯用法
句型：cannot help but do cannot but do cannot choose but do can do nothing but do have no choice/alternative but to do上述句型的意思接近，即“不得不做”、“不禁做”、“不由自主地做”、“不能不做”、“只能做”。如：
Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.
When Iconsider how talented he is as apainter,I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift.
3.动名词的习惯用法
句型：be busy/active doing sth.have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.It's no good/use/picnic doing sth.have agood/great/wonderful time doing sth.spend/waste time doing sth.There is no point/sense/harm/use doing sth.
cannot help doing sth.There is no doing sth.
I know it isn't important but Ican't help thinking about it.There is no use crying over spilt milk.
Alice was having trouble controlling the children because there were so many of them.
4.there be非谓语动词的用法
(1)做宾语时取决于谓语动词的持续要求。如：
The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.(expect要求接不定式做宾语)
(2)做目的状语或程度状语时用for there to be，做其他状语用there being。如：
For there to be successful communication,there must be attentiveness and involvement in the discussion itself by all present.
(for there to be…在句中做目的状语)
It isn't cold enough for there to be afrost tonight,so Ican leave Jim's car out quite safely.(for there to be…在句中做程度状语)
There being no further questions,we'll stop here today.(there being…做原因状语)
(3)引导主语用for there to be。如：It is unusual for there to be no late comers today.
(4)做除for外的介词宾语，用there being。如：
He would always ignore the fact of there being such acontradiction in his inner thought.
篇10：破解高考英语非谓语动词陷阱
破解高考英语非谓语动词陷阱
有这样一道试题：_______ the road round to the right and you’ll find his house.
A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed
许多同学一看题目选项便想当然地认为，这是考查非谓语动词的用法区别，于是便在B、C、D三个选项上下工夫比较，但事实上，此题不是考查非谓语动词的`，答案既不是B，也不是C，也不是D。
做对此题的关键是要注意句中的连词and，它表明整个句子是一个并列句，即 and 前后应各是一个独立的句子，而不应是一个非谓语形式的短语，所以此题的正确答案应选A，即 and 前是一个祈使句。请将此题与下面两题比较：
1. _______ the road round to the right, you’ll find his house.
A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed
【分析】此题应选B，现在分词短语表条件(注意句中没有并列连词)。
2. _______ the road round to the right, the blind man asked a boy to guide him.
A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed
【分析】此题应选C，不定式短语表目的。
请做以下各题，它们是考查非谓语动词吗?答案是选A，还是B，或C，或D?
1. ______ the milk and set a good example to the other children.
A. Drink B. To drink C. Drinking D. Having drunk
2. _____ me, and don’t just stand there laughing.
A. Answer B. To answer C. Answering D. To be answering
3. ______ me, and then try to copy what I do.
A. Watch B. Watching C. To watch D. Have watched
4. _____ through this book and tell me what you think of it.
A. Look B. Looking C. To look D. Having looked
5. _____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
A. Leave B. Leaving C. If you leave D. When left
【分析】以上各题答案均选A，因为各题句中均有一个并列连词 and，即填空句为祈使句。
注意，有时可能不用连词，而用破折号，如以下两题答案均选B，填空句也为祈使句：
1. _____ down the radio ― the baby’s asleep in the next room.
A. Turning B. Turn C. Turned D. To turn
2. _____ some of this juice ― perhaps you will like it.
A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Having tried
请做以下各题，它们是考查非谓语动词吗?答案是选A，还是B，或C，或D?
1. ______ him enough time to get home before you telephone.
A. Give B. To give C. Giving D. Given
2. ______ left when you get to the end of the street.
A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept
3. ______ your hand over your mouth when you cough.
A. Put B. Putting C. To put D. To be putting
4. ______ until the lights have turned to green.
A. Wait B. To wait C. Waiting D. Having waited
5. ______ the pieces of cloth with a loose stitch before finally sewing them together.
A. Join B. To join C. Joining D. Joined
【分析】以上各题答案均选A，原因是每句中均包括有从属连词(如 when, before, until 等)，即整个句子为一个主从复合句，而填空句仍为祈使句。
篇11：高二英语非谓语动词的概念
高二英语非谓语动词的概念
一、非谓语动词的概念
非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式是动词的非谓语形式.动词一般在句子中充当谓语.在句中可起名词,形容词,副词的作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分3种形式：不定式，分词(现在分词、过去分词)，动名词
1.非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：
(1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：
Theybuiltagarden.
Theysuggestedbuildingagarden.
(2)都可以被状语修饰：
Thesuitfitshimverywell.
Thesuitusedtofithimverywell.
(3)都有主动与被动,“体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。例如：
Hewaspunishedbyhisparents.(谓语动词被动语态)
Heavoidedbeingpunishedbyhisparents.(动名词的被动式)
Wehavewrittenthecomposition.(谓语动词的完成时)
Havingwrittenthecomposition,wehandeditin.(现在分词的完成式)
(4)都可以有逻辑主语
Theystartedtheworkatonce.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)
Thebossorderedthemtostartthework.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)
WeareLeaguemembers.(谓语动词的主语)
WebeingLeaguemember,theworkwaswelldone.
(现在分词的逻辑主语)
2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：
(1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词)，在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
(2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词)，在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
(3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词)，在句中作状语。
(4)谓语动词在句中作谓语，受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，它不受主语的人称和数的限制。
高二英语复习计划
复习目标：
根据高二学生对所学的知识掌握情况，进行系统性归纳和总结，提高综合运用能力。
复习重点：以选修五、六知识为主要复习内容。
复习要求：
1、注意复习的全面性。
2、注意重难点。
3、注意密度、合理分配时间。
4、以练为主，综合练习为主。
复习措施：
1、根据考试类型题，有系统的针对性的进行专项复习的针对性练习和反馈的巩固练习。
2、复习过程中进行阶段性综合练习。
3、在复习过程中要注重培优辅差工作。同时及时了解学生学习的思想动向，给予适当的鼓励和信心。
4、加强单词的朗读和默写，给学生明确的任务，使他们也能尽自己最大能力过好单词关。将词组复习与单词分类复习相联系。在复习过程中，要紧紧抓住教材中的阅读，做到精读和导读相结合，在较短时间内起到良好的教学效果。把单词、词组、句子和阅读作为一个有机整体，在复习过程中将它们紧密联系起来，合理安排复习内容，提高学生整体运用知识的能力。
5、坚持每节课前适量单词的听写，加强他们认真、细心的学习态度，巩固知识的运用等能力和增强学习成功的信心。
复习计划：
1、认记所归纳的词组
2 、归纳语法
3、进行针对性的专项练习(1)单项选择(2)完型填(3)阅读理解
高二英语如何做课堂笔记
Get Ready to Take Notes (Before Class)
课前准备笔记
Review your notes from the previous class session before you come to class. This will help you remember what was covered and get you ready to understand new information your teacher provides.
上新课之前，先回顾一下上堂课的笔记。这样既可以复习已学的内容，又能为吸收新的知识做好准备。
Complete all assigned readings before you come to class. Your teacher will expect that you have done this and will use and build upon this information.
上新课之前，完成老师布置的阅读作业。你的老师希望你能够认真完成它，因为在学习新课时，会用到这些阅读材料。
Bring all note-taking materials with you to class. Have several pens and pencils as well as your notebook.
把所有记笔记需要用到的物品带好：准备几只钢笔和铅笔，还有笔记本。
Take Notes (During Class)
课堂记录笔记
Keep your attention focused on what your teacher is saying. Listen for “signal statements” that tell you what your teacher is about to say is important to write in your notes. Examples of signal statements are “The most important point...” and “Remember that...” Be sure to include in your notes information that your teacher repeats or writes on the chalkboard.
上课时认真听讲，保持注意力的集中。尤其注意去听老师的“提示语”——提示接下来要讲的内容是重点，比如“最重要的一点”、“一定要记住”等等。确保你的笔记中涵盖了老师在课堂上反复提到的内容以及黑板板书的内容。
Write quickly so that you can include all the important information in your notes. Do this by writing abbreviated words such as med for medicine, using symbols such as % for percent, and writing short sentences.
速记能让你记下所有重点的信息。通过以下方法可以达到速记：(1)记缩略词，比如用med代替medicine。(2)利用符号速记，比如用%代替百分百。(3)尽量写短句。
Place a ? next to information you write in your notes but about whose meaning you are not sure.
在笔记中不明白的地方画上一个问号。
Rewrite Your Notes (After Class)
课后整理笔记
Rewrite your notes to make them more complete by changing abbreviated words into whole words, symbols into words, and shortened sentences into longer sentences.
课后重新整理一下你的笔记，让内容更全面：(1)把缩略词变为完整的单词。(2)把符号变为单词。(3)把短句补充完整。
Make your notes more accurate by answering any questions you had when writing your notes in class. Use your textbook and reference sources to obtain the information you need to answer your questions. If necessary, ask your teacher or other students for help.
把笔记中存有疑惑的地方弄明白，让笔记更准确：(1)通过翻阅教材或者参考书来解答。(2)如果有必要的话，向老师或其他同学求助。
Check with other students to be sure you did not leave out important information.
与其他同学的笔记对照一下，以确保你的笔记没有遗漏重要的内容。
篇12：英语高考非谓语动词重点语法
非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其它所有成分都可以做。具体如下。
1. 不定式：做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
To learn a foreign language is difficult .(作主语)
学会一门外语是很难的。
It’s easy to see their aunt.(作真正主语，it做形式主语)
很容易见到他们的姑姑。
Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.(作宾语)
汤姆想要喝杯啤酒。
His wish is to be a driver.(作表语)
他的愿望是当一名司机。
I have nothing to say.(作定语)
我没有什么可说的。
The teacher told us to do morning exercises . (作宾语补足语)
老师让我们做早操。
They went to see their aunt. (目的状语)
他们去见他们的姑姑。
2. 动名词：做主语、宾语、表语、定语和补语。
Learning English is very difficult .(作主语)
学英语非常困难。
I enjoy dancing.(作动词宾语)
我喜欢跳舞。
I have got used to living in the country.(作介词宾语)
我已经习惯了住农村。
His job is driving a bus.(作表语)
他的工作是开车。
3. 现在分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。
The story is interesting.
这个故事有趣。
He sat there，reading a newspaper.(作状语)
他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。
The area being studied may be rich in coal.(作定语)
这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。
He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.(作宾补)
他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。
4. 过去分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。
He is interested in the news.(作表语)
他对这则消息很感兴趣。
polluted river(做定语)
被污染的河流
Given more time,I can do my work better.(做状语)
如果再被多给些时间，我会把工作做得更好。
I found my watch stolen.(做宾补)
我发现我的手表被偷了。
非谓语动词重、疑、难点
1. 须用省去to 的不定式(do)作宾补的11个动词。
五看(see、watch、notice、observe、look at)
两听(hear、listen to)
三使(make、let、have)
一感觉(feel)
根据谐音记忆法，我们可以记做“吾看两厅三室一感觉”。
I saw a big bird fly over the roof of the house yesterday.
昨天，我看到一只大鸟飞过了屋顶。
注意：以上11个动词，也可以接现在分词和过去分词作宾补，但在时间和语态上会有变化，我们以see为例来区分一下。
see sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事
see sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事
see sb./sth. done 看到某人/某物被......
I see him make the phone call. 我看到他打了电话。(他打电话的整个动作我都看见了)
I see him making a phone call. 我看到他正在打电话。(强调看到他正在打电话,并没有看见全过程.)
We often see him surrounded by much work. 我们常常看见他被大量的工作包围着.
2. 只接不定式(不能接动名词)作宾语的25个常用动词
want、would like、wish、help、hope、learn、manage、offer、plan、afford、agree、arrange、ask、beg、care、choose、decide、demand、determine、expect、fear、prepare、pretend、promise、refuse
3. 只接动名词(不能接不定式)作宾语的28个常用动词
practice、consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put off、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、mind、miss、permit、prohibit
4. 既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义完全不同的8个动词
remember to do sth. 记住要做某事(未做)
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)
forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做)
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做)
regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事(未做)
regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做过某事(已做)
try to do sth. 努力做某事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事
mean to do sth. 计划做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事
go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事
stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情
5. 所有非谓语动词的完成形式都不能做定语，如to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done 和 having been done。
非谓语动词打的解题步骤
1. 判断非谓语动作的逻辑主语，以此来确定它表示主动含义还是被动含义。
①非谓动词做定语时，其逻辑主语是它所修饰的名词或代词。
②非谓语动作做状语时，其逻辑主语是句子主语。
③非谓语动作做宾补时，其逻辑主语是它前面的宾语。
2. 判断非谓语动作与谓语动作的先后关系。
和谓语动作同时发生表示进行，应用以上提到的进行式(to be doing和doing);发生在谓语动作之后表示将来，应用(to do和to be done);发生在谓语动作之前表示完成,应用(to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done、having been done和done)。
例如下面几题：
(1)_____ all my money on the car, I can’t afford a holiday with my friend this summer.
A. Spending
B. Spend
C. To spend
D. Having spent
【答案与解析】D “已经花了所有的钱买车”做时间状语，所以其逻辑主语应是句子主语“我”。“我”与“花钱”之间应该是主动关系，并且“花钱”发生在谓语动作“can’t afford a holiday”之前，所以非谓语动词应用主动和完成的含义，故选“D”。
(2)An exercise method to improve strength and balance is becoming popular in the United States.
A. designing
B. designed
C. to be designed
D. being designed
【答案与解析】B “设计”在这里是定语，修饰其前的“an exercise method”，所以其逻辑主语应该是它的被修饰词“an exercise method”，所以表被动。因为“设计”这个动词在这里本身已经完成，所以应用表示被动完成含义的designed。
(3)Open your heart, and you’ll make yourself better ______.
A. known
B. knowing
C. to know
D. know
【答案与解析】A ”知道，了解“在这里做宾补，所以其逻辑主语是其前的宾语”yourself“，”yourself“和”知道，了解“在这里是被动关系，所以选择过去分词”known“。
篇13：中考英语非谓语动词过关必知
1）I like diving very much.
我十分喜欢跳水这项运动。
动名词diving作宾语，用来表达跳水运动这一概念，不含有本人是否会跳水这一含义。
2）I dont like their arguing about it with such people.
我反感他们为了那件事与那样一些人大吵大闹。
动名词短语their arguing作宾语，用来表达过去发生过的事情。
3）remember, forget
You must remember to get in touch with the local guide when you get there.
你们一定要记住到那以后与当地导游取得联系。
不定式短语to get in touch with作宾语，用来表示未来即将发生的动作。
4）I remember telling them about it once.
我记得曾经跟他们说过这件事。
动名词短语telling them作宾语，用来表达过去发生过的事情。
5）Ill never forget having worked there with farmers for nearly a month.
我永远也忘不了与农民在那里工作了近一个月的日日夜夜。
动名词短语having worked there作宾语，用来强调过去发生过并延续一段时间的事情。
注意：在表示过去发生过的动作时，不可以使用不定式的完成式。
篇14：成考高起点英语非谓语动词练习题
11.She's upstairs a letter.
A.writes B.is writing C.write D.writing
选D
12.It was so cold that they kept the fire all night.
A.to burn B.burn C.burning D.burned
选C
13.The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself .
A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard
选D
14. a reply，he decided to write again.
A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received
选C
15.The salesman scolded the girl caught and let her off.
A.To have stolen B.To be stealing C.To steal D.Stealing
选D
16. “Can't you read ?” She said to the notice.
A.angrily pointing B.and point angrily C.angrily pointed D.and angrily pointing
选A
17.The missing boys were seen near the river.
A.playing B.to be playing C.play D.to play
选A
18.The first textbook for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written
选D
19.The Olympic games ， in 776BC，did not include women players until 1912.
A.first playing B.to be first playing C.first played D.to be first playing
选C
20.Cleaning women in big cities usually get by the hour.
A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to pay
选C
篇15：成考高起点英语非谓语动词练习题
31. ___not enough money，I couldn't buy the dictionary.
A.it being B.it was C.there being D.there was
选C
32.____，the boy couldn't enter his house.
A.since the key has lost B.the key was lost C.lost the key D.having lost the key
选D
33.All the people，the wounded ，were brought to safety.
A.included B.including C.include D.to include
选A
34.On my way home , I saw a thief money from a lady by the police.
A.being caught stealing B.having caught stealing C.caught stealing D.have caught to steal
选C
35. ____ ，she couldn't say even a word.
A.excited B.being excited C.exciting D.being excite
选B
36.When ____her father，the girl burst into crying.
A.asking of B.asked about C.being asked D.asked
选B
37.He stepped into his room，only _____ lots of things ____ .
A.finding，robbed B.finding，stolen C.found ，missed D.to find ，robbed
选B
38.The youngest daughter got angry again. Mother felt very and father's face wore a expression.
A.puzzled，puzzled B.puzzling，puzzled C.puzzling，puzzling D.puzzled，puzzling
选A
39.They seemed to be eating something ____ on the fire.
A.cooked B.being cooked C.that had cooked D.having been cooked
选A
40.His glasses ，he couldn't see the words on the blackboard.
A.break B.broke C.breaking D.broken
选D
41.A letter has been written to him，____ him to the party.
A.invite B.to invite C.invited D.inviting
选D
42.Not _____ it right ，he was encouraged to try again.
A.did B.done C.to do D.having done
选D
43. ___ your head ，and you'll see the sun ____ now.
A.raise ，rising B.raising ，raising C.to raise ，rising D.lift，being risen
选A
44. ___ from his clothes，he's not so poor.
A.judged B.judging C.to judge D.having judged
选B
45.The man kept silent in the room unless _____ .
A.spoken B.speaking C.to speak D.spoken to
选D
篇16：成考高起点英语非谓语动词练习题
21.European football is played in 80 countries， it the most popular sport in the world.
A.making B.makes C.made D.to make
选A
22.The man managed to make himself with his English .
A.understand，breaking B.understand，broken C.understand，breaking D.understood，broken
选D
23. from the moon，our earth with water ____70%of its surface appears as a “blue ball ”.
A.seen，covered B.seeing，covered C.seen，covering D.to see，to cover
选C
24. any more to say，the meeting was closed.
A.without having B.without C.not having D.nobody having
选D
25.When we watched the national flag on TV，we a cheer.
A.risen，rose B.being risen，lifted C.raised，let D.being raised，raised
选D
26.Being in a hurry，_______ .
A.the door was left open B.he left the door open C.he was left the door open D.he had the door open
选B
27.The professor came into the lab， by his assistant.
A.following B.followed C.being followed D.to follow
选B
28.With trees，flowers and grass ____everywhere，my native town has taken on a new look.
A.planting B.planted C.to plant D.to be planted
选B
29.Weather ，we'll go fishing tomorrow.
A.is permitted B.permits C.permitted D.permitting
选D
30.The key ，I couldn't enter the office.
A.was lost B.having been lost C.be lost D.being lost
选B
篇17：考研英语 非谓语动词间的区别
考研英语 非谓语动词间的区别
非谓语动词之间的区别主要体现在彼此用法上，通过前面的讲解我们了解到分词在句中作定语、状语、表语和补足语，动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，而不定式在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语，本小节主要区别分词和动名词的用法以及动名词和不定式的用法。
一、分词和动名词
现在分词和动名词在形式上及时态上完全相同，但它们的不同之处在于用法上的不同，从前面得知，分词和动名词都可以作定语和表语，试看区别。
（一）表语
（1） 现在分词作表语时，其中系动词无词义，表示正在进行的动作；
（2） 动名词作表语时，其中系动词有其本身词义“是”或相应词义，有时还可以与主语相互调换位置，而句意变化不大。
例句： The spooks call it“open?source intelligence，”and as the Net grows， it is becoming increasingly influential. （选自Text 1）
分析： 该句是并列句。open?source intelligence作it的宾语补足语，as引导一状语从句。
译文： 间谍们称之为“公开来源的情报”，随着互联网的发展，它正变得越来越具有影响力。
例句： A kind of career made him to fight for long time and come into reality is being a diplomat.
分析： 该句是简单句。其中过去分词短语made him to fight for long time和come into reality都在句中作后置定语修饰career。
译文： 有一种职业使他为之奋斗好久并最终得以实现，那就是当一名外交官。
（二）定语
(1) 现在分词作定语表示该名词的状态，动名词作定语表示该名词的用途。
(2) 现在分词作定语表示与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上是主谓关系，动名词作定语则无这种关系。
(3) 现在分词作定语本身相当于一形容词，所以在现在分词前加修饰词只能加副词；动名词作定语，它与其所修饰的名词一起构成一名词结构，所以在动名词前加修饰动名词及其后的名词这一结构时，只能加形容词。
例句： They give their owners automatic credit in stores， restaurants， and hotels， at homes， across the country，and even abroad，and they make many banking services.
分析： 该句是并列句。banking是动名词作定语修饰services。
译文： 信用卡持有者可在商店、饭店、宾馆，在当地、外地甚至国外赊购商品，同时还可以使他们得到银行提供的许多服务。
例句： The large， slow?growing animals were easy game， and were quickly hunted to extinction. （选自Text 3）
分析： 该句是简单句。slow?growing是现在分词作定语修饰animals。
译文： 生长慢的大型动物很容易被捕捉，因此也很容易遭到灭绝。
二、动名词和不定式
从前面得知，动名词和不定式都可以用作主语、宾语、表语和定语，一般来说，两者在起同一语法作用时，有如下区别。
（1） 动名词表示笼统、泛指的'含义；抽象或经常性动作；过去的动作。
（2） 不定式表示具体或特定的动作；现在或将来的动作。
具体区别如下：
（一）主语
动名词作主语常表示抽象动作，而不定式作主语表示具体动作；动名词作主语常表示一件已知的事或经验，不定式作主语常表示一件未完成的事或目的。
例句： It’s probably best to write the introduction last， after you know precisely what you are introducing. (选自 Part B)
分析： 该句是复合句。句子主干是It’s probably best to write the introduction last，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to write the introduction last，从句what you are introducing又作know的宾语。
译文： 在你已经很清楚自己到底要介绍什么之后，或许把引言段放到最后写会更好。
例句： We are fortunate that it is， because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. （选自Text 3）
分析： 该句是复合句。主句部分是we are fortunate...，在it is后省略了上文提到的内容，because引导原因状语从句，building new educational systems there和putting enough people through them to improve economic performance两个并列动名词短语作从句的主语。
译文： 我们很庆幸这种观点错了，因为在这些国家建立新的教育体制并通过该体制培养足够的人才来提高经济效益需要两三代人的时间。
（二）宾语
能接不定式或动名词作宾语的动词以及既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词，在前面已逐一列出，这里不再重述。
（三）表语
动名词作表语表示抽象的一般性行为，而不定式作表语表示具体某一次动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
例句： The scientific approach to a subject is grasping the essence of it.
分析： 该句是简单句。
译文： 学科的科学探讨就是抓住学科的本质。
例句： But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. （选自Text 3）
分析： 该句是复合句。其中定语从句that so many former buyers are complaining about修饰biases。
译文： 但是新闻界似乎从来不曾注意过以前的那么多读者所抱怨的文化与阶级偏见。
大学网考研频道。篇18：考研英语非谓语动词的翻译技巧
考研英语非谓语动词的翻译技巧
(1)把非谓语动词直接译成名词
例：When that happens， it is not a mistake： it is mankind''s instinct for moral reasoning in action， an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
当人们产生同情心的时候并不是一个错误，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用，这种本能应得到鼓励，而不应遭到嘲弄
(2)把非谓语动词直接译成谓词动词
例：Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.
在这些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求;另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的'必然结果。
(3)把非谓语动词直接译成动词
例：However， the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world''s more fascinating and delightful aspects.
然而，世界就是如此，完美的体系一般而言是无法解决世上某些更加引人入胜的课题的。
(4)把非谓语动词直接译成形容词
例：The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang， first put forward in the 1920s， to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.
巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是使二十世纪二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位所不可缺少的。
篇19：高考英语复习知识点：动词和动词词组及非谓语动词
动词及动词短语的考查点多面广，综合性强，备受命题者青睐。
考点一、考查动词词义辨析
这类试题的四个选项是在结构上都很相近的动词。要做好这类试题，必须明确各个动词的词义和用法，然后根据题意需要选用合适的动词。
例Recently, these companies have _______ some workers because of the drop in economy.
A. hired B. dismissed
C. refused D. employed
【解析】四个选项都是及物动词，且都可以与worker构成动宾关系，但从题干中的the drop in ?economy可知，只有B项符合题意。
考点二、考查近义动词辨析
这类试题的四个选项无论在意义上还是在结构上都是很相近的动词。面对这类试题，必须要从四个动词的语义差别、用法特点等入手才能选出符合题意的动词。
例When his brother was to cross the street, he was knocked down by a truck and badly _______。
A. injured B damaged
C. harmed D. destroyed
【解析】 这四个动词都有伤害，损害之意，但具体用法不同。injure指在意外事故中受伤damage主要指对于物体的不彻底的破坏，这种破坏或因自然灾害所致，或因人为造成，常含可以修复之意;harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害，有时可指引起不安或不便;destroy表示毁坏十分彻底，常含无法修复再用之意。从题意来看，答案为A。
考点三、考查动词与其宾语的固定搭配
英语中有许多动词与其宾语有固定的搭配和习惯用法。碰到这类试题时，解答的关键是弄清题意，然后根据题意选择符合固定搭配或习惯用法的动词。
例 With modern equipment, many mysteries have _______ to light in recent years.
A. bought B. come
C.
thrown D. appeared
【解析】 题意为由于有现代化的设备，近年来许多谜团被揭开。揭露，将曝光是come to light，故答案为B。
考点四、考查同根动词短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项都是由同一个动词加不同的介词或副词构成。从历年高考试题来看，那些搭配能力强、语义丰富的常用动词短语是命题的重点对象。解答这类试题时，一定要在理解语境的基础上，从语义逻辑、固定搭配、前后关系等角度去确定答案。
例How I wish that I could _______ my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.
A. set out B. set off
C. set in D. set up
【解析】分析题意为我多么希望在网上聊天时能用简单而又漂亮的英语表达我的思想啊。由题意可知，空缺处应该是表达;解释之意，而四个选项中只有set out有此意，故答案为A。
考点五、考查同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项是由不同的动词加相同的介词或副词构成。解答这类试题的关键首先还是弄清题意，然后选出符合题意和句子结构需要的动词短语。
例When I was twenty, I had to _______ before graduation and work in a clothes shop to help support my family. A. drop out B. come out
C. leave out D. stay out
【解析】分析题意为在20岁时，我不得不辍学到一家服装店工作以帮助养活我的家人。从题意可知，空缺处应该是辍学之意，四个选项中，只有A项的drop out有此意，故答案为A。
例Take care during the holidays! Drinking too much can _______ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
A. contribute to B. relate to
C. attend to D. devote to
【解析】分析题意为节日期间要当心!喝酒太多会导致心脏病和引起高血压。由题意可知，空缺处应该是导致之意，四个选项中，只有A项contribute to有此意，故答案为A。
考点六、考查不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项是由四个不同的动词构成的动词短语。解答这类试题的关键是根据题干意思，选出符合题意的动词短语。
例The society today offers the young generation more chances to _______ their talent and skills.(合肥质检)
A. give out B. take in
C. show off D. carry on
【解析】分析题意为当今社会给年轻一代提供了更多的机会来展示他们的才能和技能。由题意可知，空缺处应该是炫耀;展示之意，故答案为C。
【精选试题】 名校模拟题及其答案
1.(高二第一学期期末六校联考，英语，30)How lovely these children are!
Yeah.They______ memories of my childhood.
A. called out B. called for C. called up D. called on
【解析】call out出动, 向叫喊， call for 需要，要求， call up召集, 使想起, 提出, 打电话给， call on号召, 呼吁, 约请, 访问。此句意思是他们引起了我对童年的回忆。因此选C。
【答案】C
2. (2008度高二第一学期期末六校联考，英语，33)Many kids ________ the net bar, and _____had a bad effect on their studies.
A. are addicted to; it B. get engaged in; which
C. are related to; what D. are addicted to; which
【解析】be addicted to 意思是对上瘾，符合题意。And 是一个并列连词，后面应该是并列句，而不是从句，因此排除B和D。be related to与有关，不符合题意，因此排除。
【答案】A
3.(山东省莒南一中200820高三第一学期学业水平阶段性测评，英语，21)
After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane her job as a doctor
in the countryside.
A.set out B.took over C.took up D.set up
【解析】set out出发, 开始 take over接收, 接管take up从事 set up设立根据题意，应选C。
【答案】C
4. (江苏省扬州中学2008-20度高一第二学期3月月考，英语，34)Though we _________serious natural disasters, we are sure to overcome all difficulties.
A. give away B. affect with C. suffer from D. deal with
【解析】give away分发, 放弃, 泄露， affect影响及物动词， suffer from遭受 ，deal with处理。从 we are sure to overcome all difficulties.这句话可以推断出前半句的意思应该是尽管我们遭受着严重的自然灾害，因此应选C。
【答案】C
5. (重庆市十二校2OO9年高三第一次质量调研抽测试卷,英语，32) The shop assistant was fired as she was _________ of cheating customers.
A.accused B.charged C.blamed D.caught
【解析】be accused of 被控告 accused与of 搭配，符合题意。 be charged with被控告charge 和with 搭配。 blame 责备。
【答案】A
6.(河南省实验中学08-09学年下期高三第二次月考，24) Asked suddenly about the matter ,he couldnt an answer at once.
A. come up with B. look for C. put up with D. answer for
【解析】come up with得出答案 look for寻找 put up with提出 answer for负责根据题意，应该选A.
【答案】A
7.(吉林市普通中学20082009学年度高中毕业班下学期期中复习检测，英语，18)
My daughter is not sure what to_______ at the university; she cant make up her
mind about her future.
A. take up B. make up C. pick up D. build up
【解析】句意：我的女儿在大学里不知道学什么，对自己的未来他心里还没有底。take up开始学;开始从事。make up组成，构成;编造;pick up拾起;学到;获得;build up逐步建立;增强。
【答案】A
8.(杭州二中高三年级第五次月考，英语，6)His colleagues ______ him though he himself didnt think he had done anything special.
A. thought highly of B. looked up to
C. sing high praise of D. show great respect for
【解析】think highly of 固定搭配，译为对评价高符合题意。Show great respect 后应用介词to, C 说法错误，look up to 向上看，不合题意。
【答案】A
9.(大庆市高三年级第一次教学质量检测试题，英语。33)Hard work and lack of sleep have her beauty and youth in recent years.
A. worn out B.tried out C made out D.sent out
【解析】worn out耗尽，筋疲力尽; tried out试验, 考验, 提炼;make out书写, 填写, 拼凑, 进展, 说明, 设法应付, 理解, 辨认出; sent out发出。
【答案】A
10.(厦门市高中毕业班质量检查，英语，23)Its obvious that the Beijing Olympic Games a great seccess.
A.kept B.showed C proved D.remained
【解析】show sb sth 出示某物给某人看;keep保持;prove证明是;符合题意，remain仍然。
【答案】C
11. Before the war broke out, many people ______in safe places possessions they could not take with them.
A. throw away B.put away C.gave away D.carried away
【解析】 句意：战争爆发前，好多人把一些不能带走的东西存放在安全的地方。put away存储，存放;throw away扔掉;give away 泄露，赠送;carry away拿走。
【答案】B
12. The company is atarting a new advertising campaign to ______new custumers to its stores.
A.join B. attract C.stick D.transfer
【解析】 句意：为了把新的顾客吸引到店内，公司开始了一场新的广告战。Attract吸引;transfer 转让，转移。
【答案】B
13. Modern plastics can ______very high and very low temperatures.
A. stand B.seeking C.finding D.looking for
【解析】 句意：新型的塑料袋能够承受很高和很低的温度。stand承受，经受，经得起。hold支撑,carry 运载 support 支撑，养活。
【答案】A
14. It was already past midnight and only three young men ______in the house.
A.left B.remained C. delayed D. deserted
【解析】 句意：已过午夜，只有三个青年那字还在茶馆里。leave,离开，使保留;desert,抛弃，舍弃。A 项应用被动语态， C 和D不合句意。
【答案】B
15.In this seaside resort，you can __________all the comfort and convenience of modern tourism.(山东)
A.enjoy
B.apply
C.receive
D.achieve
【答案】A。
【解析】这几个动词均可以作及物动词，但是意思、含义不一样。enjoy表示.享受之乐，欣赏，喜爱，apply表示运用，应用，专心，致力，receive表示领受，接到，收到，得到(信、命令、请帖等)，achieve表示完成，做到;获得(胜利等);达到(目的)，实现。根据句意只能选A。句意：在这个海滨娱乐场，你可以享受所有现代旅游的舒适与便利。
16.We ________the last bus and didnt have any money for taxi，so we had to walk home.(全国 Ⅰ)
A.reached
B.lost
C.missed
D.caught
【答案】C。
【解析】reach意为到，抵，到达(特定地点，目的地等)，lose意为丢失，丧失，miss意为没赶上(车子等)、错过，catch意为赶(得上)(火车等);追着，捕捉;逮着根据句意只能选C。
17(福建卷，33)The news of the mayors comong to our school for a visit was ______on the radio yesterday.
A. turned out B.found out C. given out D.carried out
【答案】C
【解析】 句意：新市长要求来我校参观的消息已于昨日通过广播公布了。A项意为结果是，制造生产 B项意为查清，弄明C项是分发，散发D项为履行，实施
18(20湖北卷，27)If we can ______our present difficulties, then everything should be all right.
A. cone across B. get over C. come over D. get off
【答案】B
【解析】 句意： 如果我们能克服目前的困难，一切都会很顺利的。come across 偶遇;get over克服，越过;come over 过来，顺便来访;get off 下车，使动身。
19 (2007山东) Its the sort of work that__________a high level of concentration.
A. calls for B. makes up
C. lies in D. stands for
【答案】A
【解析】call for要求make up弥补，编造，组成lie in在于stand for代表。句意是正是这种工作要求精力高度集中。故正确答案为选项A。
20. (2007浙江)We firmly believe that war never settles anything. It only__________violence.
A. runs into B.comes from
C. leads to D. begins with
【答案】C
【解析】run into撞上，陷入come from来自于lead to导致，引起begin with以开始。句意是我们坚信战争不会解决任何问题，它只会引起暴力。故正确答案为C。
21. The teacher has a peculiar way of ______her students nervousness when then speak English.
A. breaking down B. going over C. taking off D. giving away
【解析】A 句意：这位老师有一种疏导学生在说英语时产生的紧张情绪的独特方法。 Break down :to separate something such as an idea or statement into smaller parts in order to make it easier to understand or deal with .go over 复习; take off脱下，起飞;give away分发，赠给，泄露(秘密)。
22. In the cross-lake swimming race, a boat will be ____in case of an emergency.
A. standing by B. turning on C. getting on D. running on
【解析】A 句意：有船只严阵以待，预防紧急情况。stand by 为不及物短语：to wait and be ready for action if needed 准备行动;待机;turn on 打开;get on进展;run down撞倒。根据句意，B 、C、D 三项均不符合。
23. You _____only half the price ,how would the seller sell the jacket to you ?
A. spent B. paid C. charged D. offered
【解析】D句意：你仅出半价，店员怎么会把这件夹克卖给你呢?offer: to say that you will pay a particular amount of money to buy something 出价六万英镑买这所房子。 Charge(收费)不符合题意。抚讲价(offer)而后才能药费(spend)或支付(pay)帮A、B两项不合常理。
24. He _____the problem _____in his mind for a whole week before he did anything about it.
A. switched; on B. kicked; up C. turned; over D. took; on
【解析】C句意：在采取措施之前，他在脑中将这个问题反复思考了一个星期。turn over :to think about carefully仔细考虑;switch on把开关打开;kick up引起;take on呈现、雇用、承担。
25. At times the balance in nature is ______ , resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects.
A. troubled B. confused C. disturbed D. puzzled
【解析】C trouble主要指遇上难解决的问题而使人苦恼、忧虑;puzzled 指人是困惑的，因此将A、D两项排除;根据句意，自然的平衡本身并不是混乱的(confused),而不受到了人为的干扰(disturbed),才会导致不可预见的影响。因此选择C项。
26. So, how is your new roommate ?
She really ____. She always making loud noises at midnight and when I remind her , she always makes rude remarks.
A. turns me over B. turns me down C. turns me off D. turns me out
【解析】C turn sb.over :把移交，把交给;turn sb. down:拒绝;turnsb.off :使对(某人)感到厌烦、使不感兴趣;turn sb.out:驱逐，赶走。根据句意她总是在午夜弄出很大的响声，我提醒她时，她还总是说些粗鲁的话，由此可知她是使我烦透了，选择C项。
27. People have planted a great many trees in order to ____wind and sand in the desert.
A. hold down
B. hold up C. hold back D. hold out
【解析】C hold down压制，限制;hold up推迟，耽搁;hold back阻挡，抑制;hold out提供，提出。句意：人们种了大量的树，为了阴挡风和沙尘。由此可知答案为C项。
28. Would you like to go to Paris with us next year ?
Id like to, but my mother ______ that I am too young.
A. is against B. opposes C. objects D. explains
【解析】C前三项意思相同，都可以表示反对(做)、某事：be against(doing)sth.:oppose(doing) sth.; object to(doing) sth.。但是objiet还可接宾语从句，这时它为及物动词，意思为提出异议。前一句邀请对方一起去Paris，答话人说他很愿意去，但是妈妈提出异议说他年龄太小。D项explain虽然也可执着that 从句，但是它的含义为解释不能明确地说明妈妈的态度是赞成还是反对。
29. Theres no bear left and the pubs are shut so youll have to _______.
A. go out B. go off C. go without D. go through
【解析】C go out外出，熄灭;go off爆炸，中断;go through通过，完成，经历;go without忍受某事物的缺乏。句意：啤酒卖完了，酒吧也都关门了，所以你只好将就一下了。
30. The film World without thieves ______ a great success and brought in a large profit to the cinema.
A. appreciated B. enjoyed C. won D. seized
【解析】B易误选C，win 指赢得了比赛、奖励、胜利等，不可以与a great success 连用。Enjoy享有，如：He enjoys a reputation for honesty. 本题中的enjoy a great success 意为 win large sales。句意：《天下无贼》一举成功，同时也给电影院带来了巨大的盈利。
篇20：高考英语复习知识点：动词和动词词组及非谓语动词
非谓语动词包括不定式、动词ing和过去分词等几种形式，这是历年高考必考内容，每年都会有1-2题涉及该部分要点。考点集中在：非谓语动词作定语的区别;动名词和不定式作宾语的用法比较;现在分词和过去分词的用法比较;特定句型中非谓语动词的用法等。
【高考考点透视】
1.非谓语动词的构成和语法功能及用法对比。
2.非谓语动词的完成式、被动式的用法和特点。
3.非谓语动词的复合结构及否定形式。
4.不定式与动名词，动名词与现在分词，现在分词与过去分词，分词作状语与独立结构等用法对比。
5.不定式和动名词在及物动词后作宾语的区别是考查的热点。
6.过去分词作定语，不定式和分词作宾语补足语的用法。
7.不定式标志to和介词to的用法判断等。
8.带to与不带to的不定式的用法及区别。
考点一、考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别
英语句子至少应该包括主语与谓语两部分,而多数情况下谓语都由动词来充当。如果对句子成分划分不清，把谓语动词与非谓语动词混淆,做题效果可想而知。要克服这一毛病，关键在于正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。如：
1.Thechildren(play)_____theviolinovertherewillgoonthestagenextweek.
根据句子结构，我们可以看出这是一个简单句。主语是Thechildren，谓语部分是willgoonthestage，动词play显然在句中不作谓语，应用非谓语动词形式。依据play与它的逻辑主语children之间的主动关系以及拉小提琴动作正在进行，可以判断用现在分词作定语修饰children，意为正在那边拉小提琴的小孩，因而正确答案为playing。
考点二、考查作状语的非谓语动词的辨析
作状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的辨析，即是选择动词不定式、现在分词还是过去分词作状语,不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同。动词不定式主要作目的、结果和原因状语;现在分词和过去分词主要作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随状语，两者不同之处在于：现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,即它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，它们之间的关系是主动关系，而过去分词作状语时，虽然它的逻辑主语也是句子的主语，但过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。请看下面例题：
1.____tiredofTomsall-talk-no-actionattitude,Juliadecidedtodothejoballbyherself.
A)TogetB)Tohavegot
C)GettingD)Havegot
一般来说，在句子中没有连接词的情况下,逗号是无力连接两个句子的。据此，首先可以确定这是一个简单句，非谓语动词短语放在句首作状语。依据非谓语动词短语gettiredof与其逻辑主语Julia之间的主动关系，以及谓语动词与非谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，没有明显的先后顺序，可以断定应用现在分词一般式作原因状语,即由于厌倦了Tom只说不做的工作态度，故正确答案为C。
考点三、考查非谓语动词逻辑主语的分辨
非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语，但仍然有自己逻辑上的主语。历年各种考试的重点在于正确分辨非谓语动词的逻辑主语是什么，两者之间是主动关系还是被动关系，特别是非谓语动词作状语的时候。我们知道，当非谓语动词放在句首作状语的时候，一般来说，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，那么，当它的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，又会出现什么现象呢?请看下面例题：
1.Thelastbus(go)____,wehadtowalkhome.
2.Weather(permit)____,thespaceshipwillbelaunchedtomorrowevening.
这两个非谓语动词短语的逻辑主语都不是句子的主语，而是分别有它自己的逻辑主语，即是末班车开走了，而不是我们走了,是天气允许,而不是飞船允许，这种现象或结构就是独立主格结构。依据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动关系,正确答案分别为havinggone和permitting。
请再看下面例题：
3.Thework(finish)_____,theymaygohome.
4.Theproblem(discuss)_____atthemeeting-roomnow,theworkershadtowaitoutdoors.
同样，这两道题的结构也是独立主格结构。依据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的被动关系以及非谓语动词所表示动作发生的时间性，可以判断正确答案分别为finished(已完成)和beingdiscussed(正在进行)。
考点四、考查非谓语动词时态与语态的把握
非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语，但它仍然具有动词的特征，即可以有自己的主语(逻辑主语),也可以有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词的各种时态形式都是依据句子的谓语动词的时态形式而变化的。一般情况下，如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生,就用非谓语动词的一般式或进行式(侧重强调动作正在进行);如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，就用非谓语动词的完成式(特别强调动作发生的先后)。非谓语动词的语态在于正确把握非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。例如：
____thatBobhadgotpromoted,hisfriendscametocongratulatehim.
A)HeardB)Havingheard
C)HearD)Tohear
依据非谓语动词hear与其逻辑主语hisfriends之间的主动关系，以及前后句的逻辑关系，可以断定用现在分词形式来作时间状语，再根据现在分词的动作听说发生在主要谓语动词来之前，由此判断应该用现在分词的完成式(只用作状语时使用)，意为听说Bob已得到提升，他的朋友都来向他表示祝贺，故正确答案为B。
考点五、考查非谓语动词作主语时句式的转变
非谓语动词(动词不定式或动名词)作主语主要考查其句式的转变，习惯上通常把it作为形式主语放在句首，作题时要善于分辨这种形式上的转变。请看下面例题：
1.Itisanhonourforme(be)_____yourEnglishteacher.
2.Itisnouseofus(wait)_____athomelikethis.
根据对句式的分析，可以判断出It是形式主语,真正的主语由非谓语动词(动词不定式或动名词)来充当。依据表语的特性以及句式的特点,我们可以断定第1题应该填动词不定式，即tobe，第2题应该填动名词，即waiting。
六、考查作定语的非谓语动词的判断
非谓语动词作定语主要考查非谓语动词作后置定语的情况，这里关键要把握住非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动行为还是被动行为,以及非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间性，即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。一般来说，用现在分词一般式作定语往往表示动作是主动行为且正在进行当中，如果动作是被动行为且正在进行当中，就用现在分词一般式的被动语态;用过去分词作定语往往表示动作是被动行为且已经完成;用动词不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，如果是被动行为，就用动词不定式一般式的被动语态。例如：
1.Theboy(cry)____overthereismyyoungerbrother.
依据cry与它的逻辑主语Theboy之间的主动关系和cry的动作正在进行，所以用现在分词作定语修饰boy，因而正确答案为crying。
【精选试题】名校模拟题及其答案
1.Everyoneinourclasswasworkinghardanddoingwhatwecould_______agoodcollege.
A.enter。mB.toenter
C.entering。mD.entered
2Heranasfastashecould_____tocatchtheearlybus.
A.tohope。mB.hope
C.hoping。mD.hoped
3.Hespenteveryminutehecould_____spokenEnglish.
A.practise。mB.topractise
C.practising。mD.practised
4.Beforegoingabroadhedevotedallhecould_______hisoralEnglish.
A.improve。mB.toimprove
C.improvingD.toimproving
5.Heknowsnothingaboutit,sohecanthelp_______anyofyourwork.
A.doingB.todo
C.beingdoingD.tobedone
6.Allhertime_______experiments,shehasnotimeforfilms.
A.devotedtodoB.devotedtodoing
C.devotingtodoingD.isdevotedtodoing
7.Onceyourbusinessbecomesinternational,_____constantlywillbepartofyourlife.
A.youflyB.yourflight
C.flightD.flying
8.Notonlyshouldyougetused______underdifficultconditionsbutyoualsoyoupaymoreattention______yourworkwell.
A.towork,todoB.toworking,todoing
C.towork,todoingD.toworking,todo
9.Bothofmyparentsinsisted_______acomputerforme,butIdontthinkitisnecessary.
A.tobuyB.buying
C.onbuyingD.inbuying
10.Doyouhaveanythingmore______,sir?No.Youcanhavearestordosomethingelse.
A.typingB.tobetyped
C.typedD.totype
11.Idontknowwhetheryouhappen____it,butImgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.
A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard
12._____andoutofbreath,wereachedthetopofthemountainandstopped_____thebeautifulscenery.
A.Tiring;toadmireB.Beingtired;admiring
C.Tired;toadmireD.Tired;admiring
13.Dontleavethewater____whileyoubrushyourteeth.
A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun
14.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman_____hishandintothepocketofapassenger.
A.putB.tobeputC.toputD.putting
15._____thediamond,hehadtolookforaplacetohideit.
A.HavingstolenB.HavingbeenstolenC.StolenD.Stealing
16.Toanswercorrectlyismoreimportantthan_____.
A.thatyoufinishquicklyB.finishingquicklyC.tofinishquicklyD.finishquickly
17.Youwillseethisproductmadeinthisfactory_____whereveryougo.
A.tobeadvertisedB.advertisedC.advertiseD.advertising
18.Themonumentwasbuiltinhonoroftheexplorerwhowasbelieved_____theriver.
A.tohavediscoveredB.tohavebeendiscovered
C.todiscoverD.havingbeendiscovered
19.Haveyouconsidered_____yourjobasateacher?
Yes.Ilikethejobbecauseateacherisoftenconsidered_____agardener.
A.tochange;tobeB.tochange;beingC.changing;beingD.changing;tobe
20.Mr.Greenissaid_____anexperimenttoprovethenewmethodofsolvingtheproblemwhenyoung.
A.todoB.tohavedoneC.tobedoingD.tohavebeendoing
21.Seeingthesoldierswell_____fortheflood-fight,thegeneralnoddedwithsatisfaction.
A.prepareB.preparingC.preparedD.havingprepared
22.(山西省晋中市2009学年度高三年级第一次调研考试题，35)Iwalkedoutofthecinema,
Idnevercomebacktothishellofaplace.
A.determiningB.decidedC.todetermineD.todecide
23.(山东省日照市20高三模拟考试，26)Everytimehehadachance，hewouldtalkaboutthegreatdifficultyhehadinthenewcountry.
A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.settle
24.(山东省济宁市20082009学年度高三第一阶段质量检测，32)Therewasasuddenburstoflightaterriblenoise.
A.followingB.tofollowC.followedD.followedby
25.(福建福州八中2009年元月高三调研考试试卷，30)inaredskirtintheopeningceremonyofthe2008OlympicGames,thelittlegirlLinMiaokewontheheartsofthepeopleallovertheworld.
A.DressedB.WornC.DressingD.Wearing
26.(福建福州八中2009年元月高三调研考试试卷，34)Theproblemsatthemeetingtomorrowarereallyhardtosolve.
A.discussedB.todiscussC.tobediscussedD.discussing
27.(唐山市2008-2009学年度高一第一次教学质量检测，20)
Whenwhyhebehavedthatwayattable，hemadenoreply.
A.beingaskedB.askedC.askingD.toask
28.(唐山市2008-2009学年度高一第一次教学质量检测，23)，Momhadacupofcoffeeandafewminutesrest.
A.WithherhouseworkdoneB.Withherhouseworkbeingdone
C.WithherhouseworkdoingD.Withherhouseworktodo
29.(湖南省衡阳市八中2009年上期高二第一次月考试卷，31)Themanagerintroducedtherulesthatshewouldliketosee_______thenextyear.
A.establishB.establishingC.establishedD.toestablish
30.(重庆市一中08-09学年高二上学期期末，22)_____inthoughtcompletely,hedidntevenknowwhatwasgoingon.
A.LosingB.LostC.HavinglostD.Havingbeenlost
【答案与解析解析】
1.
【解析】其实正确答案应是B此句为省略句，即在could后省略了动词do，若把句子补完整应为Everyoneinourclasswasworkinghardanddoingwhatwecoulddotoenteragoodcollege。即句中的不定式短语(toenteragoodcollege)是用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。
2
【解析】此题的答案是C不是A，其中的现在分词短语hopingtocatchtheearlybus用作伴随状语。
3.
【解析】此题答案选C，这与前面动词spent的搭配有关，即spend(in)doingsth。若将此句补充完整，即为HespenteveryminutehecouldspendinpractisingspokenEnglish.
4.
【解析】此题答案选D，注意两点：一是devoteto是固定搭配，意为把贡献给二是其中的to是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时要用动名词。
5.
【解析】其实答案应选A。比较以下结构：
canthelptodosth=不能帮助做某事
canthelpdoingsth=禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事
6.
【解析】此题最佳答案为B。现分析如下：
(1)devote意为致力于，献身于，主要用devoteto或bedevotedto，其中的to是介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不用不定式。
(2)选A错误：若将do改为doing则可以。
(3)选B正确：allhertimedevotedtodoingexperiments为独立主格结构，用作状语。
(4)选C错误：因为allhertime与devote为被动关系，故应将devoting改为devoted。
(5)选D错误：若单独看Allhertimeisdevotedtodoingexperiments，此句并没有错，但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式，所以从整体上看仍不对，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，则可选D，或将D将中的is改为being也可选它。
7.
【解析】最佳答案为D。由于空格后出现了constantly这一副词，这就说明不能选B或C，因为B、C均为名词，不能受副词constantly的修饰。A和D均是可能的，因为其中有动词fly。但若选A，youfly是一个主谓结构，与其后的谓语willbe相冲突，所以只能选D，即动名词flying在此用作主语。
8.
【解析】正确答案为B，因为getusedto与payattentionto这两个结构中的to均为介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不能动词原形。类似地，以下各结构中的to也是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时也应用动名词，而不是动词原形
9.
【解析】答案应选C。其实，动词insist后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词，因为insist通常用作不及物动词;若语义上需接宾语，要借助介词on或upon，即用于insiston[upon](doing)sth;但它有时的确也可用作及物动词，不过其宾语通常只能是that从句，而不能是普通的名词、代词或动名词。
10.
【解析】最佳答案是B。确实，在have+宾语+不定式结构中，用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义，如Ihavesomeclothestowash等，即尽管其中的someclothes与其后的不定式towash具有被动关系，但却习惯上用主动式表示被动意义。但值得指出的是，这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系，如Ihavesomeclothestowash中的towash就是由该句主语I来完成的。而上面一题的情形有所不同，即其中的totype这一动作不是由句子主语you来完成的，而是由说话者我来完成的。
11.
【解析】happentohavedonesth为不定式的完成时,表示一个已经完成了的动作,强调对于现在的影响.
【答案】D
12.
【解析】tiredandoutofbreath为形容词和介词短语在句中作状语。stoptodosth.停下来去做另外一件事
【答案】C
13.
【解析】非谓语动词作宾语补足语时,选项A、D表示将来可能发生的动作;B表示宾语持续性动作,根据句意选B,表示水不停地流出。
【答案】B
14.
【解析】catchsbdoingsth表示发觉或当场捉住sb在做一件事情。
【答案】D
15.
【解析】从动作发生的时间来看，应是先偷钻石，再找地方藏匿，故用-ing形式的完成式。
【答案】A
16.
【解析】题意为正确做出答案要比快速完成更重要。两个非谓语动词短语在形式上应保持一致。
【答案】C
17.
【解析】advertise意为为登广告。madeinthisfactory作定语修饰product;advertised作宾语补足语。
【答案】B
18.
【解析】用不定式的完成式表示动作发生在(定语)从句谓语动作之前。
【答案】A
19.
【解析】consider作考虑解时，后常接-ing形式(短语)作宾语;作认为解时，后常接含有名词、形容词或tobe的复合结构。
【答案】D
20.
【解析】由whenyoung可知此处应该用不定式的完成式，表示此动作发生在谓语动作之前。
【答案】B
21.
【解析】由固定短语be(well)preparedfor可知此处应用过去分词作宾补。
【答案】C
22.
【解析】determining与主语I是主谓关系，逗号后面不是一个并列句，因此排除选项B。不定式一般表示将来，不符合题意。
【答案】A
23.
【解析】havedifficulty(in)doingsth为固定搭配，因此选B。
【答案】B
24.
【解析】根据常识，先看见闪电，后听见雷声，因此要用过去分词，由by引出宾语。
【答案】D
25.
【解析】Dressedin+衣服，固定搭配，表示处于一种状态。
【答案】A
26.
【解析】Theproblems与discuss之间是被动的关系，应用被动语态;tomorrow这个时间状语决定应该是将来的事情，不定式可以表示将来，因此选C。
【答案】C
27.
【解析】句意：当他被问到在餐桌旁为什么那样表现时，他没有做出回答。根据题意，应选过去分词，此处为省略句，相当于whenhewasasked......。
【答案】B
28.
【解析】housework和do是动宾关系，过去分词done表示被动和完成，符合题意。意思是做完家务后，妈妈喝了一杯咖啡，然后休息了一会儿。
【答案】A
29.
【解析】seesthdone固定搭配，establish与rules之间是动宾关系。句子的意思是：经理介绍了一些她希望明年生效的规定。
【答案】C
30.
【解析】句意强调主语沉思，而不知道下一步将要做什么事情。由主语he，我们可知应用主动语态，排除选项D;Havinglost表示动作发生在主语动作之前，不和题意，排除C;过去分词作形容词，可以表示主语所处的一种状态，符合题意。
【答案】B
篇21：英语中三种非谓语动词的选用与比较
三种非谓语动词之间的差异主要在时间含义上，其次在语态方面。
我们先把这两种差异整理成一个简单的表格，给快速答题和造句、说写英语提供一个简易而可靠的衡量标准，其价值非常高，我们为此重要发现而兴奋。
1.不定式和-ing式的性质和作用相近，经常容易混淆，关键在于抓住它们的时间含义差异：
例1：___English is interesting.
说英语有趣。
A.To speak B. Speaking
C.Speak D.Spoke
分析：
To speak English表示“一次性”动作，不合常理，说英语不可能只一次有趣。此答案在语法结构上没有问题，但意思上不妥。
Speaking English表示“经常性”动作，符合常理，是最佳选项。
Speak是原形动词，不能作主语。
Spoke是过去式，不能作主语。
例2.She finished ___ the novel.
她读完了那本小说。
A.read B.toread
C.reading D.readed
分析：
read是动词原形，不能用作宾语。
to read表示“将来”,时间与finished不是同时，相矛盾。
reading表示“同时”,时间与“finished”相吻合，是正确答案。
readed是错写的单词。
2.过去分词表示“过去”和“被动”，不定式和-ing式的时间和语态明显不同，容易区分开来：
例3.The ___ class oppresses the ___ class.
压迫阶级压迫被压迫阶级。
A.oppressed…oppressing
B.oppress…oppressed
C.oppressing…oppress
D.oppressing…oppressed
分析：
A.的意思是“被压迫阶级压迫压迫阶级”，讲不通，错误。
B.的第一个动词oppress是动词原形，不能作定语，错误。
C.的第二个动词oppress是动词原形，不能作定语，错误。
D.的意思、词形都讲得通，正确。
例4.___ to death, he turned pale.
他吓坏了，脸色变得苍白。
A.Frightening B.Frightened
C.Frighten D.To frighten
分析：
A.-ing式是主动语态，指he吓别人，他自己却脸色变得苍白，讲不通，错误。
B.过去分词表示被动态，指he被吓坏，词形和意思都相符，正确。
C.动词原形不能用作句首状语，错误。
D.不定式表示“将来、主动”，与he turned pale不相符，错误。
错误聚焦:
在谓语以外的句子成分中,用动词原形是中国学生英语学习中常见的错误,一定要记住将它们相应地变成不定式、-ing式或者过去分词。
做难一些。
×Do is more difficult.
√Doing is more difficult.
你的任务是洗苹果。
×Your task is wash apples.
√Your task is washing/to wash apples.
我喜欢说英语。
×I like speak English.
√I like speaking/to speak English.
大华电子发展有限公司
×Dahua Electronics Develop Co., Ltd.
√Dahua Electronics Development/Developing Co., Ltd.
篇22：非谓语动词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
非谓语动词
I like cooking. ”
He likes cooking.
It' s not easy for me to learn English.
Seen from the space, the earth is a blue sphere.
以上英语句子中____________________等具有动词特征，但是在句子中不能作谓语的动词形式，就叫动词的非谓语形式，也叫非谓语动词。
非谓语动词是不随 _______________变化而变化的，它们不受人称和数的限定，所以又叫“非限定动词”。
动词的非谓语形式有三种：
（1）动词不定式：to study (to + 动词原形)
（2）分词：studying (现在分词)、studied (过去分词)
（3）动名词：studying (形式与现在分词相同)
动词非谓语形式有以下几种形式变化（以write为例）：
形态 主动 被动
动词不定式 一般
进行
完成
完成进行
现在分词和动名词 一般
完成
过去分词 一般 written
一、动词不定式
二、动名词
动名词可以起 ______词的作用，在句子中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。
动名词的否定形式是在前面加上not, never等否定词。
（一）做____________________
Fishing in this lake is forbidden.
Going abroad for a visit and settling down abroad are two different things.
My favorite hobby is fishing/collecting stamps.
My job is teaching.
注意：
在______________; ______________; __________ ; _______________ ; _________________ ;___________________ 等习惯表达中，
It为__________，而将做主语的动名词短语放在后面。例如：
It’s no use /good ringing her up now.
Is it worthwhile bargaining two hours for two cents?
It’s wise trying again.
It is of great importance fighting against pollution.
It is no use operating on the sick man. He should have been sent here early.
It is no good smoking; you’d better give it up.
（二）动名词短语作___________________。
He avoided giving me a definite answer.
David suggested selling your dog and car to pay the debt.
I couldn’t risk missing that train.
常用的能接动名词的动词有：
承认__________，感激__________，避免__________，建议___________，不禁__________，庆祝__________，考虑__________，完成___________，延期__________，忍耐___________，喜欢__________，结束___________，想象__________，保持___________，在意__________，错过___________，允许__________，练习___________，冒险__________，明白___________。
例如：
（三）动名词短语作___________。如：
The children are fond of listening to pop music.
Are you interested in going to the show?
Thomas insisted on doing it in his own way.
Excuse me for interrupting you.
Before finishing your homework, you’d better not go out. 做
（四）动名词也可以有自己的逻辑主语，就是在动名词短语前面加上
_____________________。
I insisted on his (him) going to the cinema with me.
I can hardly imagine Peter’s sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
Linda’s coming will do you good.
What made him angry was their (them) laughing.
（五）动名词的完成式和被动语态：
（1）完成式表示__________________________________。例如：
I apologize for having broken my promise.
I don’t remember having talked with him before.
I regret not having met you before my marriage/before I got married.
（2）当___________________________________，动名词要用被动语态。例如：
I could no longer stand being treated like that.
She was proud of having been trained in the U.K.
He doesn’t like being laughed at.
（六）某些动词可接不定式也可接动名词做宾语，但意义有差别。
（1）like, love, hate, prefer等表示喜爱，厌恶的动词后面，
动名词表示______________________
不定式表示______________________
She likes dancing. But she wouldn’t like to dance with you.
He looked tired and I didn’t like to disturb him.
I don’t like reading, but I’d like to read a magazine in bed tonight.
Little Jim should love to be taken to the theatre this evening.
The reporter would /should like to see you again.
We don’t like talking about people behind their backs.
（2） forget to do sth. ___________________
forget doing sth.___________________
The light in the office is still on. She forgot to turn it off.
The light in the office is off. She turned it off, but she forgot turning it off.
（3）remember to do sth. _________________
remember doing sth. _________________
Do you remember meeting me at a party last year?
You must remember to leave tomorrow。
（4）stop to do sth. __________________
stop doing sth. __________________
She stopped to have a rest on a big rock by the side of the path.
As long as you live, your heart never stops beating,
（5） regret to do sth. _____________________
regret doing sth. ____________________
I regret saying that.
I regret to tell you the following truth.
（6）try to do sth. __________________
try doing sth. _________________
You must try to do it again.
Let’s try doing the work in some other way.
（7） mean to do sth. __________________
mean doing sth. __________________
If it means delaying more than a week, I’ll not wait.
I mean to help you, and nothing else. 。
I didn’t mean to hurt you. I’m sorry.
Declaring Taiwan independent means declaring war on China.
（8） go on to do sth. _____________________
go on doing sth. _____________________
After he finished his maths, he went on to do his physics.
I hope it won’t go on raining all day long.
现在做一些练习：
1．根据括号里的汉语意思用动名词填空：
1) ____________（游泳）is a very enjoyable exercise.
2) His work is ________________(修自行车).
3) Europeans uses an knife and a fork ______________(吃肉).
4) We will only succeed by ____________________(努力工作）.
5) Tom hates __________________(早晨9点以后起床).
6) I could' t help ________________(迟到).
7) _____________________(等着没用) there won' t be another bus.
2. 用动词不定式或动名词填空：
1) He wanted ____ (see) the book I had bought.
2) Please stop ___ (walk) about the room and sit down.
3) I called ____ (see) her yesterday but she was out.
4) In 1969, the United States succeeded in ____ (send) a rocket to the moon and ___ (land) two astronauts on its surface.
5) We decided ___ (put) off the meeting until Saturday.
6) Let me ___ (see) what you are doing.
7) When the professor finishes ____ (speak), we will ask him a question.
8) He made her ___ (go) although she wanted ___ (stay).
9) Please remember ____ (give) her this letter.
10) We heard him ___ (say) that he disliked ____ (go) abroad any more.
11) The child enjoyed ___ (play) at the seaside.
12) The little boy was made ___ (take) the medicine.
13) I watched the shop assistant ___ (take) the goods down for the shelf and put them on the counter.
14) He remembers ___ (go) to Shanghai with his parents when he was five.
15) She had her husband ___ (wash) her dirty linen.
16) The thief kept ____ (say) he hadn’t taken the purse.
17) The policeman saw him ___ (steal) the bicycle and ride away on it.
18) I’ve persuaded him ___ (help) us do the job.
19) You had better ____ (go) home now. It looks like rain.
20) Let me___ (know) if you had decided ____ (go).
21) He promised ___ (come) to our party.
22) I forget ____ (see) you there.
23) Don’t forget ___ (see) your grandma this Sunday.
24) I must apologize for not ___ (let) you know earlier.
三、分词
分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。
作为非谓语形式，分词可用作形容词和副词，在句子中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。但它仍保持动词的一般特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语。分词和自己的宾语、状语构成分词短语。
现在分词有一般式和完成式。它的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为或存在的状态；它的完成式（having + 过去分词）表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态。
现在分词有主动语态和被动语态(being + 过去分词)。
过去分词只有一般式，表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。过去分词（及物动词）本身可以表示被动的含义，因而没有别的被动形式。
（一）用法
1．作定语。
作定语的分词通常放在被修饰的名词________________。
如果被修饰的词是something，anything，everything，nothing等，则分词放在这些词________________。
分词短语通常放在被修饰的名词_________________。
This is an interesting book。
China is a developing country.
a broken heart
a risen sun
There is something interesting in the news。
The man sitting by the window is our math teacher。
The machine run by the old worker is made in Shanghai。
1. We lived in the house __________________(我舅舅们修建的).
2. Any medicine ________(服用) without the advice of a doctor can cause trouble.
3. We spent two hours discussing the plan ________________ (她制定的).
4. Lessons _____________ (易学的)are soon forgotten.
** ______________ (易学的) lessons are soon forgotten.
2、作状语。分词和分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式等意义。表示时间和原因的分词短语相当于对应的状语从句。
时间
When the students saw the teacher entering the room，They stood up。
= seeing the teacher entering the room, they stood up.
When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
__________________________, I came across an old friend of mine.
After he had heard the news, he jumped with joy.
_________________________, he jumped with joy.
The metal expands when it is heated.
___________，the Metal expands.
When he was asked why he did not do it, he began to cry.
________________________________, he began to cry.
原因
As I was excited，I couldn’t go to sleep
_____________，I couldn’t go to sleep。
Because he was a student，he was interested in sports.
______________________，he was interested in sports.
Because they were inspired (激励) by Dr.Yang’s speech，Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder
_______________，Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder.
方式、伴随
The children went away。They laughed as they went.
The children went away laughing.
The professor stood there and he was surrounded by many students
The professor stood there，_______________________________
He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.
He sat on the sofa, _____________________
条件
If you work hard, you will succeed.
________________, you will succeed.
If you use your head, you will find a way.
________________, you will find a way.
If water is heated to a certain temperature, it turns into steam.
_________________________________, water turns into steam.
3、作宾语补足语。
现在分词
(I) 用在_____________之后作宾补
1. I saw him running along the street.
2. I felt an ant climbing over my leg.
3. Suddenly I noticed her standing outside.
4. I smell something burning.
5. I hear a girl singing in the hall.
(II) 用在 __________________之后做宾补
1. I would have him waiting for me at the gate of the park.
2. Sorry, I kept you waiting a long time.
3. They shut the door and left, leaving the fire burning.
过去分词
(I) 用在_______________ 之后作宾补。
1. The speaker raised his voice, but he still could not make himself heard.
2. Jane got her bad tooth pulled out at the dentist’s.
3. They are going to have the entrance hall painted white.
(II) 用在 ______________ 之后作宾补。
1. He didn’t notice his wallet stolen.
2. I was washing my clothes when I heard my name called.
(III) 用在 ______________之后作宾补。
1. He did not want such question discussed.
2. I would like my living room painted light blue.
4、作表语。
The result of the test is disappointing.
I feel disappointed in the result of the test.
The story is very interesting
He is interested in the book.
The result is surprising.
I am surprised at what he said.
现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质或特征，意为______________，
exciting, moving, amusing, astonishing, frightening, interesting, relaxing, shocking, surprising, terrifying, tiring etc.
过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的状态，意为_________________，
excited, moved, amused, astonished, frightened, interested, relaxed, satisfied, surprised, terrified, tired etc.
过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
（1）被动结构强调___________，而系表结构强调________________
（2）_________________可以接by + 动作的执行者，___________则不行。
The glass is broken.
The glass is broken by Tom.
The bookstore is closed at six.
The bookstore is closed now.
注意：
（1）分词作状语时，_____________ 和 ______________ 一致：
__________at the top of the mountain，I saw lots of people there.
__________from the top of the mountain, the city is beautiful.
__________again, I found the book interesting.
__________again, the book was found interesting.
（2）在see，hear，watch，notice等动词后，
用动词不定式作宾语补语，通常表示_______________________。
如果用现在分词作宾语补语，则通常表示____________________。
We sat two hours and watched the teacher __________ the experiment.
We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher________ the experiment.
（3）在“have+宾语+分词”的结构中，
现在分词表示 _____________________
过去分词表示 _____________________
动词不定式表示 ___________________
He had the fire ___________ (burn) day and night。
Father had me ___________(swim) the whole summer vacation。
Mary had her dress __________(wash).
Tom had his legs ____________ (break)
I had my watch __________(steal) yesterday。
My mother had me ___________ (wash) my dress.
The teacher had me ______________ (clean) the classroom.
（二）分词的时态和语态
上面已经谈到，过去分词可以表示“被动”和“完成”等意义，因此没有时态和
语态方面的形式变化。下面谈一下现在分词的时态和语态。
1.现在分词的完成式(having+过去分词)表示____________________________。
Having written the letter，John went to the post office.
(=After he had written the letter，John went to the post office.
Having lived in Beijing for years，Lao Wang knows the city quite well.
(=As he has lived in Beijing for years，Lao Wang knows the city quite well.)
Having drunk two glasses of water, Xiao Ma felt a little better.
(=After he had drunk two glasses of water Xiao Ma felt a little better.)
2.现在分词的被动语态(being +过去分词)通常表示“正在被…”的意思。如强调现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前时，可用现在分词被动语态的完成式(having + been +过去分词)。
The bridge being built will be completed next month.
Having been kept out of the room about half an hour for his returning late，Tom was let in.
exercises:
1、用现在分词或过去分词结构改写下列句子:
1）The teacher is taking a walk on the playground. He is our teacher of English.
2）The birds filled the air with music. They were singing in the trees.
3) Here is a novel. It was written b Lu Xun.
4) The language is English. It is spoken in Australia.
5) Do you know the number of students? They are coming to the English Evening.
6) I could hear the boys. They were playing in the field.
7) He was glad to find the fire. It was burning brightly.
8) I watched them. They were dancing.
9) I saw a man. He was banging at your door
10）Tom rushed into the room. He was covered with snow.
11）Mary sat on the ground. She talked with Jane.
12）I stood at the gate. I was waiting for his arrival.
13) John put on his raincoat because he saw that it was raining.
14) As he was stepping carelessly off the pavement, he was knocked down by the bus.
15) He used chopsticks. He ate his dinner.
16) As he was going downstairs he tripped on the carpet.
17) When I was learning English, I had much trouble in pronunciation.
18) As he himself was one of the exploited Pottier shared their bitterness and sufferings.
19) The bridge had been weakened by successive storms and was no longer safe.
20) What is the book? It is being translated.
21) As we did not know his address we could not get in touch with him.
22) As she had been there many times, she knew the place quit well.
23) As we had not got a reply from them, we became quite worried.
24) Because they had been brought up in the city, they knew little about farmwork.
25) He was a League member. He ought to take the lead in such activities.
2、改正下列句子中的错误(注意分词短语的逻辑主语和句子的主语是否一致)。
Example:
Climbing to the top of the hill, there is a magnificent view to be seen.
-----Climbing to the top of the hill, one can see a magnificent view.
-----If one climbs to the top of the hill, there is a magnificent view to be seen.
1）Being Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home.
______________ I shall have quiet day at home.
2）Entering the house, the door closed with a bang.
3）Walking through the park, the flowers made a lovely sight.
4）Waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head.
5）Having been away from his hometown for more than thirty years, no one recognize him.
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇23：考研英语：非谓语动词作状语的用法
考研英语：非谓语动词作状语的用法
清明小长假来袭，这是各位考生在年后的第一个节假日，考研教育网提醒大家，千万不要松懈哦，头脑中学习的“弦”要紧绷，一旦松下来会花费更多的时间来绷紧。下面考研教育网就带各位考生来学习一下非谓语动词作状语的情况以及对该状语在语言层面、逻辑层面进行解析。
在对非谓语动词作状语这类句子的理解中，包括逻辑层面和语义层面上，尤其是非谓语作状语时，考生一定要注意其充当原因或结果的可能性，因为这些在考研中经常会成为潜在的隐形考点，下面考研教育网就通过几个例子带大家来分析一下。
【例1】Feeling threatened ， companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels ， trying to anticipate every possible accident.
【解析】
●语言层面
感觉到收到了威胁，公司通过书写冗长的警示标签作为回应，尝试着希望能够预测到没一起可能的事故。
●逻辑层面
原因：感觉受到了威胁
结果：写警告作为回应
表示因果的手段：非谓语动词作状语
【例2】
Fed up with increasing rates ， customers ， notably chemical ， coal ， and agribusiness companies ， are complaining that these are evidence that the railroads are abusing their market power.（Economist July ， ）
【解析】
●语言层面
客户们特别是化工、煤炭和农业公司，已经受够了价格的上涨，他们抱怨道：这些就是铁路部门正在滥用其市场权力的证据。
●逻辑层面
原因：受够了价格的上涨。
结果：他们开始抱怨。
表示因果的手段：非谓语动词作状语。
【例3】
Observers doubt that this aggressive target that some 40% of Prada‘s revenues in America will come from the internet in 5 years is realistic ， nothing that it currently sells only bags ， wallets and other accessories online ， not its main clothing and footwear collections.（Economist July ， 2010）
●语言层面
五年内，普拉达在美国的收入有40%将来源于网络，观察者怀疑这一激进的目标是否能实现，因为他们注意到普拉达当下在网络上只卖箱包。钱夹和其他的一些饰品，而不是其主流的衣服和鞋款系列。
发出nothing 这一动作的主体为observes ， 目的是为了使句子变得简洁。
●逻辑层面
原因：观察者注意到一些事实。
结果：观察者怀疑这一目标能否实现。
表示因果的.手段：非谓语动词作状语。
【例4】
●语言层面：对医生辅助自杀的争论在一定程度上是被病人的绝望加剧了，对他们而言现代医学延长了他们死亡阶段的生理痛苦。
●逻辑层面
原因1：病人的绝望
结果1：加剧了对于辅助性自杀的争论。
表示因果的手段：词汇手段fuel.
原因2：痛苦被延长。
结果2：病人绝望了。
表示因果的手段：非谓语动词。
语法是贯穿整个2016考研英语备考的关键环节，希望各位考生听了考研教育网今天的讲解，能够有效帮助大家构建英语语法的摩天大厦。预祝各位考生金榜题名，取得理想佳绩。明年的此时，是你们收获成功硕果的最美时节！
篇24：非谓语动词(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
非谓语动词
(一)不定式
非谓语动词有三种形式：不定式，动词ing形式(v-ing)及过去分词(ed分词)。
不定式的基本形式是由“to+ 动词原形”构成，其否定形式是not to do，不定式可以带自己的宾语或状语，构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化，不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语，不作谓语。如：
Lucy asked him to turn up the radio.
To make a plan first is a good idea.
1. 动词不定式不失动词的特点，有时态和语态的变化，不定式有六种形式，以write为例：
主动态 被动态
一般式 to write to be written
完成式 to have written to have
been written
进行式 to be writing
完成进行式 to have
been writing
(1)不定式的时态：
①不定式所表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生或是在谓语动词之后发生，不定式用一般式，如：
It seems that he knows this.
鯤e seems to know this.
I hope that I'll see you again.
鯥 hope to see you again.
②不定式所表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生，并强调动作正在进行的情景，或持续性，不定式用进行式，如：
He pretended that he was listening to English course when I came in.
鯤e pretended to be listening to English course when I came in.
I am very glad that I am working with you.
鯥 am very glad to be working with you.
③不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，不定式用完成式，如：
I am sorry that I have put you so much trouble.
鯥 am sorry to have put you so much trouble.
It seems that I have met you somewhere before.
鯥 seem to have met you somewhere before.
④如果强调不定式所表示的动作从过去某一时刻起一直持续到某一时刻，不定式用完成进行时，强调动作的持续性，不强调结果。如：
She seems to have been reading the novel for three hours.
The rain was said to have been falling for a week.
(2)不定式的语态：当不定式的逻辑主语与不定式是被动关系时，不定式一般用被动式。如：
This is the plan to be discussed at today's meeting.
The novel is said to have been translated into several languages.
Whether most countries can use natural energy in future remains to be seen.
2. 不定式的作用
(1)不定式作主语：
To say is one thing; to do is another.
To read novels is my hobby.
it形式主语常常代替作主语的不定式，而将不定式或不定式短语放在后面。
To talk with him is a great pleasure.
鯥t is great pleasure to talk with him.
To make electricity by building a dam across the sea is possible.
鯥t is possible to make electricity by building a dam across the sea.
注意：①To see is to believe. 主语和表语都是不定式，不能用it代替：It is to believe to see是错误的。
②To answer correctly is more important than to finish quickly. 而finish与finishing放在than后面都是不合适的，因为前面句子的主语是to answer，后面的主语也要是to finish, 保持than前后句子结构平行。
(2)不定式作表语：不定式在系词后面作表语。
At that time his job was to write reports for the newspaper.
This suit doesn't seem to fit me.
The problems remain to be unsettled.
(3)不定式作宾语：在下列及物动词后，常跟不定式作宾语：want, need, hope, wish, expect, like, hate, try, manage, forget, remember, know, begin, start, intend, plan, mean, pretend, prefer, agree, refuse, learn等。
To keep the water clean, you need to get some under water plants.
I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
They have decided to visit the nature park for the milu deer.
注意：不定式作宾语时，有时用“it”替换，it为形式宾语，而将真正的不定式作宾语后置，如：
I found to learn English well not easy.
鯥 found it not easy to learn English well.
I feel to help others my duty.
鯥 feel it my duty to help others.
(4)不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语：通常用于及物动词或动词短语之后，如：
Jim told me to give his best wishes to everyone here.
What caused you to change your mind?
在被动语态was considered后面，不定式为主语补足语接不定式作宾补和主补的动词常有:
ask, beg, cause, call n, help, force, allow, permit, advise, order, get, want, wish, tell
等。
(其中没有hope sb. to do, suggest sb. to do和agree sb. to do)
注意：①不定式作宾语补足语，在部分感官及使役动词后，用不带to的不定式作宾语，常用的动词有：let, make, have, see, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to, feel等，help有无to都可以，如：
The teacher had us recite the text every day.
The boss made his men work all the night.
把上面句子变成被动语态后，不定式成为句子的主语补足语，需带to，即在被动语态中不定式一律带to，不存在省略问题。
注意：②在谓语动词think, consider, suppose, believe, imagine, prove, find等后面跟to be作宾补，不跟to do，但其中有些可跟to have done作宾补。如：
imagine…to be
Imagine yourself(to be)in his place.
find…to be
We found him(to be)honest.
suppose…to be/suppose…to have done.
I suppose him to be about fifty.
We suppose him to have stolen it.
(5)不定式作定语：不定式作定语，有时与前面被修饰的名词逻辑上有动宾关系，如果不定式是不及物动词或所修饰的名词是不定式的地点，工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词，如：
I have a meeting to attend. (attend the meeting)
及物动词+ 宾语
Pass me a piece of paper to write on. (write on the paper)
不及物动词+ 介词+ 宾语
在time, place, way后面的不定式省略介词，如：
He had no money and no place to live.
其他不定式作定语情况，如：
I have no chance to go abroad.
They had never moment to rest.
注意：there be句型中的不定式作定语用主动或被动都可以
There is a lot of work to do.
=There is a lot of work to be done.
There is no time to lose.
=There is no time to be lost.
但是在下列句子中，不定式主动与被动形式意义不同：
--Have you anything to wash?
--No, nothing. I plan to go shopping.
不定式动作的执行者是you. you wash something
--Have you anything to be washed?
--No, Thank you.
不定式动作的执行者不是you. 是省略了的(…to be washed)by me或by someone else.
不定式作状语：
①作目的状语：
I got up early in order to catch the 6∶30 train.
The boy ran all the way so as not to be late.
注意：so as to不能置于句首，in order to可以。
②作原因状语：
He smiled to think of his clever plan.
③在某些形容词后面作状语：
I am glad to see you.
You are sure to succeed.
④作结果状语：
第一, I hurried to the post office, only to find it closed. (出乎意料的结果)
第二，too…to…“太……以至于不……”(to后面译作否定)
He is too old to read.
The boy is too young to dress himself.
当不定式前的形容词为nervous, pleased, willing, delighted, happy, glad等时，too…to，“to…”可译作肯定，
They are too nervous to leave. 他们急于离开
当too前有only, 即only too…to译作肯定
I am only too pleased to help you.
当不定式前有否定意义的词时译作肯定
We are never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。
第三，形容词/副词enough to do sth.
He was quick enough to catch the ball.
The girl is old enough to go to school.
第四，so…as to/such…as to如此……以致于……
He was so angry that he was unable to speak.
He was so angry as to be unable to speak.
He was such a fool that he believed the cheat.
He was such a fool as to believe the cheat.
⑤不定式作方面状语，不定式作方面状语与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式多用主动结构，如果不定式为及物动词，后面不必再跟宾语，如果不定式为不及物动词，要用相应的介词，如：
The mountain is difficult to climb. (动宾关系：climb the mountain)
不定式不说to climb it或to be climbed
Lesson Two is easy to learn. (动宾关系：learn Lesson Two)
有时由形容词+ to do结构一起做宾语补足语
3. 不定式的逻辑主语：不定式的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语，如He seemed to be reading something, 当需要明确指出不定式动作的执行者时，用for/of sb. (sth. )to do sth. 表示，如：
(1)当作表语的形容词表达不定式的逻辑主语的品行，性格，性质时，要用of，常见的这类形容词有:
brave, careful, careless, kind, nice, good, honest, clever, wise, unwise, stupid, foolish, rude, cruel, silly, thoughtful, impolite, polite, right, wrong, 等。这时It+ be+ 形容词+ of sb. /sth. to do sth. 句型，等于sb. /sth. + be+ 形容词to do sth. , 如：
It is very kind of you to say so.
相当于You are very kind to say so.
It is clever of him to win the competition.
鯤e is clever to win the competition.
It+ be+ 形容词+ for sb. /sth. to do sth. 这一句型中的形容词大多为：
easy, important, usual, difficult, hard, possible, impossible, necessary等。这些词只能说明不定式行为的是与非，不能说明不定式的执行者，所以不等于sb. + be+ 形容词+ to do sth. ，如：
1)It is difficult for beginners to read the book.
不能说：Beginners are difficult to read.
但是第一类，即It+ be+ 形容词+ of sb. to do sth. 句型中的形容词，如right, impolite…等如果强调评论人用of，强调评论行为也可用for，应用情况如下：
(1)当sb. 为泛指时，形容词着重评论不定式行为本身，如：
It was not right for the south to break away from the Union.
(2)当不定式为被动语态时，不定式的执行者常常省略，因此形容词只用来评论不定式行为了。
It was unkind for you to be laughed at.
总之for sb. to do sth. 强调不定式行为
of sb. to do sth. 强调不定式执行者
4. 带疑问词的不定式：动词不定式可以和疑问词what, which, how, where, when, whether等连用，构成不定式短语，如：
The question is when to start.
They haven't ageed on whether to build a factory here or not.
what to say.
I don't know what to write about.
how to do it.
注意：没有if to do和why to do.
I don't know why to do it. (误)
I don't know why I should do it. (正)
5. 不定式省略“to”的情况：
(1)当and或or连接同一概念的不定式时，或者当它们之间的关系并列一致时，可将and或or后面的to省去，如：
I'd like to go and see a film.
He had to have a job or go hungry.
但是，有时为了表示对照，或加强语气，则不可以省去to，如：
It is easier to say than to do.
(2)不定式在一部分感官或使役动词后面作宾补省略to。
(3)不定式在but(除了……以外)，except后面的使用，如果but, except前有行为动词do, but, except后省去to，如：
They had nothing to do but wait for the doctor.
The whole night he did nothing except watch TV.
(4)在固定句型中：would rather do…than do…/prefer to do rather than do:
1)The bus was so crowded that I'd rather walk home than take a bus.
2)I prefer to play tennis rather than(play)basketball.
6. “to”代表整个不定式：有时为了避免重复，省去不定式后面的内容，保留到不定式符号to, 如果是to be，保留到be，如：
--Will you please give him a message when you see him?
--I'll be glad to.
--Would you like to go shopping with me?
--I'd like to. (或I'd love to)
有时为了强调，也可以不省略。
Do what he or she tell you to do.
(二)动词-ing形式
动词-ing形式由动词原形+ ing构成。动词-ing形式起到名词、形容词和副词的作用，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、状语和宾语补足语，但不能单独构成谓语，其构成形式如下，以do为例：
主动 被动
一般时态 doing being done
完成时态 having done having been done
否定式：not+ 动词-ing.
Learning English is very important to me.
Having been widened, the road took on a different look.
随着-ing在句子中所做的成分不同，所用的时态和语态有不同的要求，关于-ing的时态和语态的详细使用，在下面ing所作的句子成分中讲述。
1. 动词-ing形式作主语：
Seeing is believing.
有时主语太长，可用it作形式主语，将真正主语放在后面。如：
It is fun swimming in a river or lake in summer.
注意：动词-ing与不定式作主语的区别：
①一般情况下可以换用：
It is dangerous playing/to play with fire.
但在口语中用动词-ing形式放在句首比不定式多。
Going shopping is a pleasant thing.
②在下列句型中习惯用-ing作主语，不用不定式：
It is no use
It is no good doing.
It is useless
It is useless only learning English grammar.
It is no good cutting down the forest.
③在there+ be+ no+ 主语结构中，必须用动词-ing作主语：
There is no telling what will happen in the future.
④主语和表语结构相同，对等。
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
2. 动词-ing作宾语：
(1)在及物动词后：
Would you mind my sitting here?
We suggest going out for a picnic on Sunday.
(2)在介词后：
We look forward to seeing you again.
(3)在worth, busy, feel like, look like等形容词后面：
China Daily is well worth reading.
The firefighters were busy putting out the big fire.
They look like winning the relay race.
Suddenly I feel like eating something.
动词-ing做主语或宾语时，一般情况下其逻辑主语为句子的主语，如果需要自己的逻辑主语时，要用物主代词或名词所有格+ 动词-ing，如：
His/Li Ping's coming late, made the teacher unhappy.
Would you mind my/me smoking here?
当动词-ing不在句首时，可用人称代词宾格，名词普通格代替，但逻辑主语为无生命的名词，或泛指时，用普通格，如：
We heard the noise of desks being opened and closed.
3. 不定式与动词-ing作宾语的比较：
(1)在下列一些动词后面常跟动词-ing作宾语，而不跟不定式：
admit, appreciate, advise, avoid, allow, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape,
excuse, face, feel like, finish, fancy, forbid, forgive, imagine, include, keep, mention,
mind, miss, practice, resist, risk, suggest等。如：
He practices speaking English every day.
He admitted having broken the window.
I much appreciate your giving me the chance.
She dislikes doing housework.
He enjoys nothing but playing the computer.
(2)在下列一些动词后只跟不定式，不跟动词-ing作宾语：
want(想要)，hope, expect, wish, decide, would like, refuse, manage, pretend, demand,
offer, afford, plan, wonder, intend…等，如：
I am expecting to get a letter from my parents.
We are planning to build another research center.
I'd like to buy a new car made in the U. S. A.
(3)在下列一些动词后面跟不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语，意义不同，如：
I remember doing this exercise before.
我记得以前做过这个练习。
Remember to post the book for me.
记住帮我把那本书寄走。
归纳：remember doing记得(做过的事，某事已做过)
remember to do记住(去做某事，某事还没做)
We shall never forget hearing Jackson singing.
我们忘不了听杰克逊唱歌的情景。
Don't forget to give my regards to them.
别忘了代我向他们问好
归纳：forget doing忘了(做过的事，某事已做过)
forget to do忘了(去做某事，某事还没做)
I'll try to improve my pronunciation.
我要努力去纠正，提高我的发音。
Since no one answered the front door, why not try knocking at the back door?
既然前门没人答应，为什么不试试后门呢?
归纳：try to do. 尽力去做某事
try doing(用另外一种方法)试一试，试试看
I suggest we stop working and have a rest.
我建议我们停下干活，休息一会儿。
They stopped to listen, but there was no more sound.
他们停下来，听一听，再没什么声音。
归纳：stop to do停下(某事)去做某事，(表目的)
stop doing把某事停下来，(宾语)
What do you mean to do with your old bicycle?
你打算如何处理你那辆旧自行车?
I won't wait if it means delaying a week or so.
如果这意味着要推迟一星期左右，那我就不等了。
归纳：mean to do打算做某事
mean doing意味着做某事
(4)在love, like, hate, prefer后面跟不定式和动词-ing形式无多大区别，如：
Do you like to eat ice-cream?
I like traveling very much.
I like driving(do drive)fast cars.
(5)在start, begin后面，一般接不定式和动词-ing形式无多大区别，在下列情况下，多用不定式：
①自然界变化：
It started to rain.
Snow started to melt as spring came.
②心理活动，在understand, know, realize等词前面：
I began to understand my mother's feelings.
③begin, start本身为进行时：
Mother was starting to cook in the kitchen when I got home.
(6)在allow, advise, permit, forbid等动词后面，有名词或代词作宾语，用不定式做宾语补足语，如果没有宾语，直接用-ing形式，如：
1)We don't allow parking here.
2)The police don't allow people to park here.
3)He advised me to get an English pen friend.
4)I advise seeing more English films.
(7)need, require, want译作“需要”时，跟动词-ing作宾语，主动表示被动，相当于to be done，如：
The windows require cleaning.
The windows require to be cleaned.
The patient needs operating on at once.
The patient needs to be operated on.
The flowers want watering.
The flowers want to be watered.
(8)在一些固定表达中用动词-ing形式，不用不定式：
can't help doing, be worth doing, devote…to doing, look forward to doing, be/get/become used to doing, object to doing, thank…for doing, excuse…for doing等。
Einstein devoted his life to making a research in science.
I'm looking forward to getting your letter.
We are used to living in the countryside.
4. 动词-ing在句中作表语：
Our plan is setting up a new car factory.
My job is teaching/driving.
这类词作表语，起解释说明主语的作用，主表可颠倒：Teaching is my job. 转换成问句，用what提问：
--What's your job?
--My job is teaching.
这类词作表语，起描绘作用，主表不颠倒，转换成问句，用how提问
--How is your job?
--It is interesting.
--How was your trip?
--It is tiring, but interesting.
5. 动词-ing作定语：
(1)表示被修饰名词的用途：
There are two reading rooms in our school library.
a reading room其含义是A room is used for reading.
The swimming pool in our school is nearly completed.
the swimming pool其含义是The pool is used for swimming.
(2)如果动词-ing形式作定语表示被修饰的名词发出的一个正在进行的动作或某种特征行为，这时被修饰的名词与动词-ing逻辑上有主谓关系，如果是主动关系用doing, 被动关系用done, 或being done表达，另外有时间要求：
第一种情况：主动关系，-ing形式与谓语动词同时进行，或经常发生，用doing，如：
Look at the dancing girl. She is one of my classmates.
Look at the girl who is dancing. ….
China is a developing country.
China is a country that is developing.
注意：①如果动词-ing形式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，一般不用having done作定语，而用定语从句表达，如：
The teacher criticized the boy having broken the window. (误)
The teacher criticized the boy who had broken the window. (正)
注意：②如果表达的是未来发生的动作，或含有情态概念，用不定式表达，如：
I have a meeting to attend today.
鯥 have a meeting that I will attend today.
Mary is the proper worker to do the job.
鯩ary is the proper worker who can do the job.
第二种情况：被动关系：动词-ing表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生，正在进行，用being done; 发生在谓语动词之前，完成了的动作用done；发生在谓语动词之后，未来的动作，用to be done. 如：
The bridge being built now is two kilometers long.
鯰he bridge that is being built now is two kilometers long.
The bridge built last year is two kilometers long.
鯰he bridge that was built last year is two kilometers long.
The bridge to be built next year will be two kilometers long.
鯰he bridge that will be built next year will be two kilometers long.
6. 动词-ing作宾语补足语和主语补足语：经常在see, hear, feel, watch, notice,
observe, find, get, look at, listen to, keep, leave, send, set, catch等一些动词后面用动词-ing作补语，其中宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系，如果主谓关系是主动的，又表示动作在进行，或状态的持续，用doing; 如果主谓关系是被动的，又表示动作在进行，用being done，如：
I noticed them repairing the car.
鯳hen they were repairing the car, I noticed.
I noticed the car being repaired.
鯳hen the car was being repaired, I noticed.
如果宾语和宾补是主动关系，又表示动作的全过程，即完成或一般时态，宾补用不定式to do表达(在某些动词后面不定式不带to)；如果是被动关系，又表示动作的全过程，即完成时态用done表达，如：
I often notice them repair the car.
I noticed the car repaired.
如果把上述句子变成被动语态，宾语补足语就变成主语补足语了。
7. 动词-ing形式作状语：动词-ing形式作状语时，要求其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，句子的主语与动词-ing形式逻辑上有主谓关系。如果主谓关系是主动的，用主动语态；-ing动作与谓语动词同时发生用一般式doing, 如果-ing动作发生在谓语动词之前，用完成式having done, 如：
Walking along the street, I met a friend of mine.
相当于When I was walking along the street, I met a friend of mine.
Having finished their work, they had a rest. 相当于After they had finished their work, they had a rest.
如果主谓关系是被动的，用被动语态；-ing动作与谓语动词同时发生，用done；如果-ing动作发生在谓语动词之前，已完成的动作，用被动语态的完成式having been done, 如：
Having been cleaned and decorated, our classroom took on a new look.
相当于After our classroom had been cleaned and decorated, our classroom took on a new look.
Well known for his expert advice, he was able to help many people.
相当于As he is well known for his expert advice, he was able to help many people.
注意：-ing形式做状语时，如果-ing形式需要自己的逻辑主语，人称代词用主格，名词用普通格，如：
Mother/She being ill, he had to stay home to look after her.
It being Sunday, the shops are crowded.
(三)过去分词
过去分词由动词+ ed构成，起到形容词和副词的作用，在句中可作状语、表语、定语和宾语补足语。过去分词的性质是被动，完成，但有时侧重程度，有时侧重被动，不及物动词变成的过去分词无被动的意义，过去分词形式由动词原形加词尾-ed构成，及部分不规则的词如：done, played.
①侧重程度：
boiling water 沸水 fallen leaves落叶
boiled water 凉开水 frozen chicken冷冻鸡
developing country 发展中的国家
developed country 发达国家
②侧重主、被动：
a broken glass, a dancing girl, a damaged house.
1. 过去分词的作用：
(1)过去分词作状语：同动词-ing形式作状语一样，过去分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语，如是被动关系，又与谓语动词同时发生，或无一定时间对比，用过去分词，如：
Seen from the top of the mountain, the lake looks like a mirror. (相当于The lake is seen)
相当于When the lake is seen from the top of the mountain it looks like a mirror.
Heated, water can turn into vapor.
相当于If it is heated, water can turn into vapor.
(2)过去分词作表语：
We are interested in science.
(3)过去分词作定语：过去分词作定语，有时间要求，发生在谓语动词之前，即完成的动作，用done，而不用having been done.
The bridge built last year is 2 kilometers long.
People invited to the party are most scientists.
(4)过去分词作宾补：
I noticed the car repaired.
2. 过去分词与动词-ing形式的区别：
(1)作表语和定语的区别：动词-ing形式表示事物对人造成的影响，事物是主动的，常译成令人……，使人……；过去分词表示人对事物的看法产生的心理反应，人是被动的，常译作：感到……如：
The news is surprising.
We are surprised at the news.
这类词很多，如：inspiring, inspired, astonishing, astonished, tiring, tired,
moving, moved, disappointing, disappointed, worrying, worried, encouraging, encouraged, …….
(2)作宾补的区别：宾语与宾补逻辑上有主谓关系，主动用动词-ing或不定式表达，被动用being done或done表达。
We found him standing outside the door.
He found the door locked.
(3)作状语的区别：用作状语的动词，与句子的主语逻辑上有主谓关系、主动用-ing形式，被动用过去分词。
The boy entered the room, followed by a dog.
相当于The boy entered the room and he was followed by a dog.
The boy entered the room, following his father.
相当于The boy entered the room and followed his father.
(4)-ing形式与ed分词都可以作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、结果、让步、程度，如：
Having brought her father back to England, Lucy helped him to get better. (时间)
After she had brought her father back to England, Lucy helped him to get better.
Disturbed by the noise, we had to finish the meeting early. (原因)
We had to finish the meeting early because we were disturbed by the noise.
Born a free man, he was now in chains. (让步)
Though he was born a free man, he was now in chains.
(If) bitten by a snake, you should send for help and not walk. (条件)
鯥f you are bitten by a snake, you should send for help and not walk.
The boy ran in, carrying a ball in his arm. (伴随)
鯰he boy ran in and carried a ball in his arm.
He dropped the plate, breaking it into pieces. (结果)
鯤e dropped the plate and broke it into pieces.
(5)-ing形式与ed分词的否定式，由not+ -ing构成：
Not knowing how to do it, I asked him for help.
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇25：非谓语动词 (新课标版高三英语下册教学论文)
非谓语动词专题
不定式的用法：
1．作主语；不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。
To see is to believe.
It’s right to give up smoking.
2．作表语；My job is to help the patient.
3． 作宾语；有些动词后只能用动词不定式作宾语，如：afford, agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, fail, hope, manage, promise, pretend, plan, intend, refuse, wish等。
4．作宾补；动词不定式作动词feel, hear, see, watch, notice, observe等感官动词以及have, let, make等使役动词后面的宾语补足语时，不定式to符号要省略。但如果这些句子变成被动结构时，就必须带to符号。如：
I often hear him sing the song.
He is often heard to sing the song.
注意： 动词不定式在介词but后面时， 如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。另外，在can’t choose but和can’t help but等后面的不定式也省略to。如；
We could do nothing but wait.
We have no choice but to wait.
5．作定语；1）. 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点，工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。如：
There is nothing to worry about.
The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.
Please give me a knife to cut with.
但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。如：
He had no and no place to live.
We found a way to solve this problem.
2）. 当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：
Have you anything to send? / Have you anything to be sent?
3）. 不定式作定语的几种情况：
a.作后置定语可表将来：The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.
b.用来修饰被序数词，最高级等限定的中心词：
He was the best man to do the job.
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
c.用来修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, answer, reply, attempt等。如：
Do you have the ability to read and write English?
I have no chance to go sightseing.
6．作状语；表目的，原因，结果或条件。如：
I came here to see you.(目的)
He hurried to the school to find nobody there.(结果)
To look at him, you would like him.(条件)
在某些形容词作表语，表示喜，怒，哀，乐后跟不定式表原因。如：
We were very excited to hear the news.
在带有enough或too的句子里，也常用不定式作状语，表示程度。
He is old enough to go to school.
She is too tired to do the job.
注意：目的状语还可以用in order to或so as to来表示但so as to不能置于句首。
7．作独立成分；如：
To tell you the truth, I have got no money about me.
To be honest, I know nothing about it.
不定式与疑问词who, which, when, where, how, what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语，表语，宾语等。如：
He didn’t know what to say.(宾语)
When and where to hold the meeting is not known yet.(主语)
My question was how to get so many books.(表语)
注意句型：Why not do sth.? Why do sth.?
不定式的主动(to do )和被动(to be done)
判断不定式是主动还是被动，关键看不定式中的动词与主句的主语之间的关系，主动即用“to do”，被动即用“to be done”; 如果与主句主语之间没有关系，则看其与逻辑主语之间的关系，如果是被动，则用“to be done”.试比较：
1) I have some clothes to wash, so I can’t go out now.(自己洗衣服)
2) Are you free now? I have some clothes to be washed.（叫别人洗衣服）
3) There are five pairs (for you) to choose from. (暗含主语you)
不定式的时态
to do/to be doing/ to have done
He pretended to be reading a book when she went in. (动作正在进行)
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.(不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前)
不定式符号to的保留问题
有时为了避免重复，可以用来代替前面的不定式，这种情况常出现在下列动词后：expect, prefer, care, mean, forget, want, wish, hope, try以及be glad/happy;would like/love等后。
I have’t been to Hong Kong, but I wish to.
---- Are you on holiday?
---- No, but I’d like to be.
---- I didn’t tell him the news.
---- Oh, you ought to have.
动词-ing形式的用法(过去分词):
1. 动词-ing形式作主语
Seeing is believeing.
Tom’s coming is what we have expected.
-ing或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用-ing作主语
It’s no use/good+doing sth./ It’s of little use/good+doing sth.
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
It is of little good staying up too late every day.
2．动词-ing形式作表语
Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children.
3．动词-ing形式作宾语
以下动词或动词词组后面只接动名词作宾语：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider(考虑), delay, enjoy, imagine, suggest, finish, mind, practise, resist, give up, feel like, keep on, insist on, look forward to, stick to, get down to等。
注意：1). 有些动词或动词词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。如：
forget to do/doing; remember; regret; try; mean; stop; go on; can’t help等。
2). 在动词等动词后直接跟动词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：
allow/advise/forbid/permit doing sth./ sb to do sth.
3). need, want, require其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。如：
Sth. need/requie/want doing=to be done
Sth. be worth doing
Sth. be worthy of being done=be worthy to be done
4．动词-ing形式作定语（过去分词作定语）
前置定语：He asked an embarrassing queation.
后置定语：A little child learning to walk often falls.
= A little child who learns to walk often falls.
注意：动词-ing和过去分词的区别---现在分词表示主动含义或动作正在进行，过去分词表示被动含义或动作已经完成。如：
falling leaves/fallen leaves
boiling water/boiled water
a puzzling look/a puzzled look
Those inviting me to attend the meeting are my friends.
=Those who invite me to attend the meeting are my friends.
Those invited to the meeting are all the top leaders from different countries.
=Those who are invited to the meeting are all the top leaders from different countries.
5．动词-ing形式作状语（过去分词作状语）
分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。
分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间，原因，结果，条件，让步，行为方式，伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while或when引出。如：
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
Followed by some officials, the leader inspected his army.
Following their teacher, the students went into the classroom.
Being sick, I stayed at home.
Having finished his homework, he went on to watch TV.
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
He sat in the armchair, reading the newspaper.
Not hearing from him, I give him a phone call.
When leaving the airport, they waved to us constantly.
现在分词和过去分词的时态与语态
一般式doing/done
完成式having done/ having been done
进行式being done
否定式是not+分词短语
独立成分作状语
有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：
Generally speaking,
Frankly speaking,
Judging from/by,
Considering,
Given,
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇26：大学英语四级语法精要：非谓语动词的功用
非谓语动词的功用: 不定式可以作主语 (a), 宾语 (b), 表语 (c), 定语 (d) 或是状语 (e).
a. To scold her would not be just.
b. We are planning to build a reservoir here.
c. One of our main tasks now is to mechanize agriculture.
d. Do you have anything to declare?
e. We have come to learn from you.
篇27：大学英语四级语法精要：非谓语动词的被动式
非谓语动词的被动式: 当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时, 不定式一般要用被动形式.
It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.
She hated to be flattered.
He wanted the letter to be typed at once.
This is bound to be found out.
There are a lot of things to be done.
She was too young to be assigned such work.
★ 观后感怎么写讲解
★ 英语求职信步骤
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