shadow的用法总结（通用17篇）由网友“kikikaka”投稿提供，今天小编在这给大家整理过的shadow的用法总结，我们一起来阅读吧!
篇1：shadow的用法总结
shadow的意思
n. 阴影,影子,鬼，幽灵,隐蔽处
vt. 投阴影于,使朦胧,跟踪，尾随,预示
vi. 渐变,阴沉
adj. 影子内阁的,阴影的,非正式的
变形：过去式: shadowed; 现在分词：shadowing; 过去分词：shadowed;
篇2：shadow的用法总结
shadow可以用作名词
shadow表示“阴影,阴暗”时,是不可数名词; 表示“人或物的影子”时,是可数名词。
shadow指投射到平面上的黑暗部分,作“部分黑暗”“半暗”解时,常用复数形式。
shadow还可喻指“不祥之兆”。
shadow用作名词的用法例句
The tree cast its shadow on the wall.树影映在墙上。
His shadow followed him along the road.他的影子一路上跟着他。
The scandal cast a shadow on his career.这件丑闻给他的事业投上了一层阴影。
shadow可以用作动词
shadow用作动词意思是“投影于…之上”“遮蔽光亮”,指一物体使另一物体模糊不清。引申可表示“变阴暗”“变朦胧”“紧跟着”“盯梢”等。
shadow既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,接名词、代词作宾语。用作不及物动词时,多与介词into连用。
shadow用作动词的用法例句
Figmentary fears can shadow our whole existence.想像中的恐惧能使我们整个生活蒙上阴影。
He employed a detective to shadow his wife.他雇用了一名私人侦探去跟踪他的夫人。
If there is no shadow, spring is on the way.如果它没有看到影子，则预示着春天即将到来。
篇3：shadow的用法总结
1、It was without a shadow of a doubt the best we've played.
毫无疑问这是我们表现最出彩的一次。
2、The light from my candle threw his elongated shadow on the walls.
我的烛光将他拉长的影子投射在墙上。
3、Nothing would grow in the shadow of the grey wall.
灰墙的背阴处什么东西也长不出来。
影子爱人：shadow用法
...to him, it's like walking through mist.
And people are just shadows.
Shadows in a fog.
——Watchmen
..对他来说，这就像穿梭在迷雾中一样。
只有人们影子。
迷雾中的影子。
——《守望者》
一、关于shadow，你应该知道的用法有
adj.
(似)影子内阁的
This was considered so insensitive and radical, that Edward Heath had sacked him from his Shadow Cabinet.
人们认为这缺乏理智，太走极端，爱德华·希恩让他辞去了影子内阁的职务。
n.
1.阴影，影子 [U,C]
The pagoda cast its shadow on the lake.
塔影斜映在湖面上。
2.(绘画的)阴暗部分;黑眼圈 [C]
The light from one side leaves half the subject's face in shadow.
因光线来自一边，画中人的脸有一半成为阴暗部分。
3.形影不离的人;尾随者 [C]
The dog is his master's shadow.
这条狗和主人形影不离。
4.幻影，幻像 [C]
Glory, honour, wealth and rank, such thing is nothing but shadow.
荣誉、财富、地位无非是虚幻的泡影。
5.微量，少许
She is recounting the story beyond a shadow of doubt.
她毫无疑问地讲述着整件事情。
v.
1.投阴影于 [T]
The trees shadow the lawn.
树在草坪上下了阴影。
2.盯梢，尾随 [T]
He was shadowed for a month by a detective.
他被一个侦探跟踪了一个月。
3.遮蔽，使变暗;使阴郁 [I,T]
A broad-brimmed hat shadowed her face.
一顶宽边帽遮住了她的脸。
二、下面我们来学习一下含有shadow的常见短语
shadow cabinet
n. 影子内阁,<主英>影子内阁(政府首脑挑选的)顾问团,智囊团
shadow play
phr. 皮影戏，影子戏，木偶戏
rain shadow
雨影，无雨干旱带
shadow box
展览和保护图画的长方形浅玻璃箱
三，学会shadow的用法了吗?来做个测试吧!
The high bell tower cast a long ____ on the grass.
高高的钟楼在草地上投下长长的影子。
英文天天写：Shadow
话题：
Writing: imagine a scenario or express your opinion
Shadow
A shadow is created when light is blocked. Whose shadow is it? Where is the shadow cast? How does the shadow affect its surrounding?
This week's topic: They stepped in the shadows... (90-110 words)
Suggestions:
1) a shadow is used as a sundial
2) a shadow puppet show
3) hiding in the shadows
4) using the change in shadow lengths to calculate the size of the earth
5) Instead of writing a scenario, feel free to comment on the story below.
范例1：
Instead of throwing a punch, Al leaned back and let the person pull him into a dark corner. As he was being pushed against a wall, Al turned to face a masked stranger. Staring at his attacker, Al felt that the figure did not mean harm; the hold on his arm was strong but not aggressive. Both Al and the stranger stayed quiet in the shadows as the rowdy crowd passed by. “You shouldn't let him see you in a mask,” the stranger finally spoke when their surrounding had become quiet.
篇4：shadow是什么意思？
shadow的一般用法
shadow表示“阴影，阴暗”时,是不可数名词；表示“人或物的影子”时，是可数名词。
shadow既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时，接名词、代词作宾语。用作不及物动词时，多与介词into连用。
篇5：shadow是什么意思
shadow表示形容词时，shadow的.意思是影子内阁的。
shadow的复数形式是shadows，第三人称单数为shadows，现在分词形式为shadowing，过去式形式为shadowed，过去分词形式是shadowed。
篇6：moonlight shadow歌词
All she saw was a silhouette of a gun
她只目睹那把枪的轮廓
Far away on the other side.
就在河远远的另一岸
He was shot six times by a man on the run
一个的男人对他连开了六枪,然后逃跑了
And she couldn't find how to push through
而她不知如何是好
I stay
我留在原地
I pray
我祈求
see you in heaven far away
期望能在遥远的天堂再次见到你
I stay
我站着不动
I pray
我祈求
see you in heaven one day
期望有一天能在天堂再次见到你
Four a.m. in the morning
早上四点时
Carried away by a moonlight shadow
沉浸在月影中
I watched your vision forming
我看到你模糊的身影在我面前显现
Carried away by a moonlight shadow
沉浸在月影中
Stars moved slowing in a silvery night
在银色的夜晚中星星放慢了移动速度
Far away on the other side
就在河远远的另一岸
Will you come to talk to me this night
今晚你会来和我说话吗?
But she couldn't find how to push through
但是她不知道怎么才能继续下去
I stay
我留在原地
I pray
我祈求
see you in heaven far away
期望能在遥远的天堂再次见到你
I stay
我留在原地
I pray
我祈求
see you in heaven one day
期望有一天能在天堂再次见到你
Caught in the middle of a hundred and five
他卷入了一场争斗
The night was heavy and the air was alive
那晚夜色凝重空气里人声嘈嘈
But she couldn't find how to push through
但是她不知道怎么才能继续下去
Far away on the other side.
就在河远远的另一岸
The night was heavy and the air was alive
那晚夜色凝重空气里人声嘈嘈
But she couldn't find how to push through
而她不知如何是好
she couldn't find how to push through
她不知如何是好
how to push through
如何是好
篇7：The shadow thief英语作文
The shadow thief英语作文
Everyone has more or less regrets about his childhood, some because he has done something wrong, or because he has missed something. When we grow up and realize that it is a pity, if we are given the opportunity to remedy it or save it, whether we try hard or not, it also proves whether we really grow up or not. The man who steals the shadow tells the story of a boy from his childhood to his epiphany, and finally finds his first dream. In the meantime, there is the friendship between him and his friends, and there is a gradual maturity and transformation of love, of course, all of which can not be separated from his special function - “steal the shadow.”
Book “steal shadow” similar to a mind reader, but each person's shadow are independent, they can not only disclose privacy encounter with the master, will be able to master all the comments, and can express their attitude. A boy with the shadow of the shadow of others can overlap, with shadow - a set of imagination exchanges others is very rich, indeed the shadow overlap this phenomenon is enough to make people fall into a reverie, but very few people to wonder exactly, the author grasped this point. Here you have to further analyze the “stealing shadow” than “mind reading” genius. As I said before, the shadow can express their own things, said direct meaning and reading can be read, read people's heart, as true or false or hidden things need to be two times the processing from the shadow of the information extraction, so more real, mature and convenient.
Book by stealing shadow, to accept the shadow mission to help others, greatly small stories are permeated with the truth “and philosophy, of course the story is accompanied by the growth of the boy, the story is the story of a small truth, truth grew up. Among them, Luc, the boy's old friend, left the bakery with the help of the boy, stepped on his long sought after career as a doctor, and finally found himself really interested in the baker, and eventually returned to the bakery. This story is very interesting, sometimes people imagine things are not necessarily their own really like, and really like the surface may not be so high sounding. In fact, the occupation without distinction, can find happiness at work is lucky.
So I think Luc got it right, which is also a symbol of his growth. The boy chose to give up Sophie, Keleierze have different approaches but equally satisfactory results, but this is reflected in the love, feeling more subtle and some hazy. Sophie is a good girl, but for boys is more suitable for his clare. Although many years ago, because of his poor judgement leads to wrong, but when the boy finally found their own mistakes and what you really want is what the girl, he gave up what we have now, but to pursue Clare, though may be fruitless, but he knew he had to do so. In fact, Sophie is the same, these young people all understand a truth, is to find the real belongs to their own half.
篇8：诗歌欣赏：My Shadow
诗歌欣赏：My Shadow
My ShadowBy Robert Louis Stevenson我的影子罗伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森赏析
罗伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森(1850—1894, Robert Louis Stevenson),1850年11月生于爱丁堡,英国维多利亚时代的著名作家、诗人。他的祖父和父亲都是土木工程师,史蒂文森秉承父旨进入爱丁堡大学攻读土木工程。然而他从小就对文学情有独钟。史蒂文森曾回忆道:“我整个儿童时代和青年时代一直在为一个目标忙着,那就是练习写作。我的口袋里总是装着两个本子,一本是阅读的书,一本是写作的本子。”
史蒂文森一生多病, 即使书桌上摆放着药瓶、手帕上沾着血,乐观的精神仍让他继续前进,在短暂的'一生中创作了大量优秀作品。他最著名的作品有《金银岛》、惊险小说《化身博士》和《诱拐》、幽默风趣的游记《内河航程》和《驴背旅程》、随笔《给少男少女》等,还有本诗歌的出处——充满童心诗趣的诗集《一个孩子的诗园》(A Child’s Garden of Verses, 1885)。
《一个孩子的诗园》用词简洁但意境丰富,节奏清晰,声韵和谐;在英语国家,被誉为儿童学习语言的“最优美的启蒙教材”。
史蒂文森以纤细的感情和敏锐的笔触,精确地把握住孩子的情绪和感觉,极其逼真地再现了童年的时光。在这本诗集中,你可以读到一个孩子的全部向往。在孩子的幻想中,一切都能够化平常为神奇,即使是一个被所有人都忽视的小小影子。所有这一切,也无不唤起我们对童年时光的亲切回忆,令我们不由得被轻轻触动,沉浸其中。
I have a little shadow that goes in and out with me,
And what can be the use of him is more than I can see.
He is very, very like me from the heels up to the head;
And I see him jump before me, when I jump into my bed.
The funniest thing about him is the way he likes to grow—
Not at all like proper children, which is always very slow;
For he sometimes shoots up taller like an India-rubber ball,
And he sometimes gets so little that there’s none of him at all.
小小影子跟随我左右,
他的魔力超乎我想象,
从脚到头,与我神似; 抢先一步,跳上床铺。
最有趣的,是其成长方式,
丝毫不像平常小孩子般慢慢见长;
有时如橡皮球般蹿高,
有时却缩得无影无踪。
He hasn’t got a notion of how children ought to play,
And can only 1)make a fool of me in every sort of way.
He stays so close beside me, he’s a coward you can see;
I’d think shame to stick to nursie as that shadow sticks to me!
One morning, very early, before the sun was up,
I rose and found the shining dew on every buttercup;
But my lazy little shadow, like an arrantsleepyhead,
Had stayed at home behind me and was fast asleep in bed.
好动贪玩,毫无规章,
设计耍我,他最擅长。
你看他那胆小样儿,寸步不离我身旁;
他这样粘着我,让我想起粘着保姆是如此的难堪!
某天清晨,太阳还没露脸,
我起床发现,每颗毛茛都闪着露珠点点;
但我那慵懒的小影子,活活像一大懒虫,
躲于身后窝在家中,赖在床上转眼入梦。 Notes:make a fool of :嘲笑
篇9：or和and用法总结
and和or的用法：
1、and和or的用法并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。但有时and 也可用于否定句。
2、在否定中并列结构用or 连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。
3、or用于连接并列的单词、词组、短语或句子,表示”或者“的意思。or用在选择疑问句中,灵活译为”还是“。or用于否定句中,代替and ,表示”和“的意思。
4、or用于连接两个并列的句子,表示”否则,要不然“的意思。
and：
1. Remember, keep a positive attitude and good things will happen.
记住：保持乐观的.心态，好事自然会发生。
2. The world breaks everyone, and afterward, many are stronger at the broken places.
生活总是让我们遍体鳞伤，但到后来，那些受伤的地方会变得更坚强。
3. For what do we live, but to make sport for our neighbours, and laugh at them in our turn?
我们活着是为了什么？不就是给邻居当笑柄，再反过来笑他们。
4. When life gets hard and you want to give up, remember that life is full of ups and downs, and without the downs, the ups would mean nothing.
当生活很艰难，你想要放弃的时候，请记住，生活充满了起起落落，如果没有低谷，那站在高处也失去了意义。
5. Good luck is when an opportunity comes along and you're prepared for it.
好运就是当机会来临时，你早已做好了准备。
6. I will return, find you, love you, marry you and live without shame.
我会回去，找到你，爱你，娶你，活的光明正大。《赎罪》
7. It's not about making the amazing saves. It's the little things and small things that made great gatekeepers great.
伟大的门将不是靠神奇的扑救成就，而是靠注重小事和细节成功。
or：
1. No matter where you go in life or how old you get, there's always something new to learn about. After all, life is full of surprises.
不管你生活在哪里，你有多少岁，总有新东西要学习，毕竟，生活总是充满惊喜。
2. Remember, happiness doesn't depend upon who you are or what you have; it depends solely upon what you think.--Dale Carnegie
请记住，幸福不在于你是谁或者你拥有什么，而仅仅取决于你的心态！
3. If your skin becomes red, sore or very scaly, consult your doctor.
如果皮肤发红、瘙痒或脱皮，要向医生咨询。
4. There is nothing sinister or conspiratorial about the export licensing system.
这种出口许可制度没有任何阴险或者见不得人的东西。
5. Do you sweat a lot or flush a lot?
你常出汗或是脸上常发烫吗？
6. Serve the cake warm or at room temperature, cut in squares.
等蛋糕温热或凉至室温时切成四方块端上桌。
7. I started with the Viennese speciality frittatensuppe, or pancake soup.
我吃的第一道菜是维也纳特色菜鸡蛋饼汤，也叫炒饼汤。
篇10：on用法总结
（2）on表示地点、位置,有”在.旁“、”接近“、”靠近“之意.如：
a house on the main road 临大街的房子,sit on my right 坐在我的`右边
（3）on表示状态,译为”处于.情况中,从事于.“等.如：
on duty 值日,on holiday 度假
（4）on表示”在.上面“,用在表示物体的名词前.如：
on the box 在盒子上
on和over都是介词,on表示”在.上面“,指一物体与另一物体表面相接触；over表示”在.上方“,指一物体与另一物体不接触.试比较：
There is a light on the desk．桌子上有盏台灯.（light与desk接触）
There is a light over the desk．桌子上方有一盏灯.（light与desk不接触）
表示”在.上“,介词on与in必须注意习惯用法,否则会出错.不妨比较一番：
on the tree／in the tree都译为”.在树上“.前者表示树上本身所长着的叶子、花、果实等；后者表示某物或某人在树上.
on the wall／in the wall都译为”在墙上“.由于介词不同,在使用上有区别.图画、黑板、风筝等”在墙上“,是因为它们在墙的表面上,故用on the wall；门窗、钉子、洞、孔等”在墙上“,是因为它们在墙的里面,故用in the wall.
有疑问在线交谈 祝你新年快乐 天天开心 心想事成 ...
篇11：as用法总结
五)含as的固定词组的用法
1.as soon as作“一…就”解，引导时间状语从句。eg：
As soon as I get to Beijing，I'll write to you.我一到北京，就给你写信。
2.as/so long as作“只要”解，eg;
As/So long as you study hard，you'll make progress.只要你努力，你就会取得进步。
3.as if/though常用来引导方式状语从句，作“好像，仿佛”解。如果从句中讲的是非真实情况，则用虚拟语气。eg：
She loves the child as if/though he were her own.她爱这个孩子如同爱自己的孩子。
As if/though也可用来引导表语从句，常用在“It appears/looks/seems...+as if/though”句型结构中。eg;
It appears as if/though it is going to clear up.看起来天要晴了。
It seems as if/though he knew nothing about it.他好像对此事一无所知。
4.as to作“关于，至于”解。eg;
There is no doubt as to his honesty.他的诚实是无可置疑的。
5.as much/many as作“多达...”，“达到...之多”解。eg：
He can earn as much as 5000 dollars a month.他每月能挣5000美元。
6.so/as far as I know作“就我所知”解，在句中作插入语。eg：
As/So far as I know，he will come here next Monday.据我所知，他将于下星期一到这里来。
7.as a result，as a result of表示“由于...的结果”。eg：
She died as a direct result of the accident.她的死是那次事故的直接结果。
8，as well为“也，还”之意。eg：
Come early，and bring your brother as well.早点来，把你的弟弟也带来。
9.so as to，so...as to若跟动词原形，表示目的或结果。eg：
He studied hard so as to pass the exam.他努力学习以便通过考试。(表示目的)
as……as
AS +adj(原级)+AS
AS +adv(原级)+AS
as soon as 一……就
as soon as possible 尽可能快地
as early as possible 尽可能早的
as carefully as you can 尽可能认真地
as careful as you can 尽可能认真的
so...as 一般用于否定句,as...as 一般用于肯定句,(肯定否定都能用)
so...as不可用于肯定句.as...as与so...as均可表示”与……一样",as...as...的用法:两个as中间可以加形容词或者副词,由它要修饰的内容决定.
它们的用法有异同之处:
肯定句用as...as,不用so...as;否定句两者均可使用.例如:
I didn't go as /so far as you.我走得不像你那么远.
They walked as far as the station.他们步行到了车站.
误:They walked so far as the station.
篇12：THAT用法总结
“that”在英文中是一个使用频率很高的单词。它有四种词性，并且句法及语法功能纷繁复杂。同学们如果不能熟练掌握其用法，很可能会形成英语学习的一种障碍，从而影响其学习兴趣和效率。现将that的用法总结归纳如下：
第一、that 用作形容词（后接复数名词时用those）。
它用来指已被提到的人或物；也可表对比，指两个中较远的那个。
what about that book you borrowed from me last month？
请注意，that 有时候在句子中具有喜欢或轻蔑等感情色彩。
that little son of his 他那个小宝贝儿子
that george！乔治那家伙！（含有轻蔑语气）
第二、that 用作代词。
1. that 用作指示代词（复数形式是those），其指代意义同形容词用法，同时它还可以用作定语从句中的先行词；还可为了避免重复，代替前述名词。
that is what he told me.
what is that (which) you have got in your hand?
the price of rice is higher than that of flour.
2. that 用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句。先行词可人可物，用法相当于who或which。（但是在下列情况下多用that：先行词既有人又有物时；先行词有形容词最高级、序数词、不定代词、very，only等修饰时；先行词是不定代词时）
he talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
i think it one of the most wonderful films that the film company has ever produced.
she has little information that is useful for our research.
is there anything that i can do for you?
请注意，that 在定语从句中作宾语时通常可省略。
the books (that) i sent you will help you in your studies.
第三、that 用作连词，引导名词性从句,状语从句和强调句。
1. that名词性从句。
①引导宾语从句。及物动词后的引导词that可省略。
i didn't expect (that) he could win the championship.
the teacher pointed out that tom was not working hard enough.
② 引导主语从句。通常采用it作形式主语的句型。
that the earth goes around the sun is known to everyone.
（it is known to everyone that the earth goes around the sun.）
③引导表语从句。
the trouble is that we are short of money.
④引导同位语从句。
引导同位语从句的that和引导定语从句的that是不同的。前者只起语法作用，在从句中不作任何成分；而后者在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。举例说明：
the news that he resigned from office surprised us.
the idea that he holds is very common nowadays on campus.
2. that引导状语从句
①引导目的状语从句。
bring it nearer that i may see it better.
②引导结果状语从句。
what have i done that he should be so angry with me?
③引导原因状语从句。
i am afraid that i will fail in the driving test.
④引导让步状语从句。意为“虽然、尽管”。
difficult that/as the task was, they managed to accomplish it on time.
⑤引导条件状语从句。意为“假使、假设”。
supposing that you were in my position, what would you do?
on condition that you were lost in the desert, you should ask for help as soon as possible.
3. 引导强调句。
it is mrs. white that makes the decision in her family, not her meek little husband.
it is an ill wind that blows nobody good.
第四、that用作副词。
1. that用作普通副词。
i was that/so angry i could have hit him.
2. that用作关系副词。引导定语从句，可以代替when，where， why或 in which，常可省略。
i will never forget the evening (that) / when we went to the theatre.
the house (that)/where i used to live has been knocked down.
第五，与that 有关的常见重要短语。
1. in that，意为“既然、因为”。
criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us correct our mistakes.
2. now that，意为“既然、由于”。
now that they have taken matters into their hands, the pace of events has quickened.
3. see (to it) that，意为“注意、务必做到、保证”。
we will see to it that she gets home early.
see to it that you are not late again.
4. seeing that，意为“鉴于、由于”。
seeing that it is 8 o'clock, we'll wait no longer.
seeing that he was busy with his work, i didn't disturb him.
篇13：as用法总结
一)as作副词，表示程度，意为“同样地”。在“as...as...”，“not as...as...”结构中的第一个as是副词，作“和/与...(不)一样”解。eg：
Jack is as tall as his father.杰克和他的父亲一样高。
He doesn't speak English as/so fluently as you.他的英语说得不如你流利。
二)as作介词。
1.作“如，像”解。eg：
They got united as one man.他们团结得像一个人一样。
2.作“充当，作为”解。eg：
As a writer，he was famous.作为作家，他是很有名的。
三)as作连词，常用来连接主句和状语从句。
1.引导时间状语从句，作“当...的时候”解，有“随着...”之意，与while意义相近，强调两个动作同时发生;或某事一发生，另一事立即发生。eg：
He shouted aloud as her ran along.他一边往前跑，一边高声地呼喊。
I was startled as he opened the door.他一开门，我吓了一跳。
as作连词，相当于when。eg;
As a little boy (When he was a little boy)he began to learn to play piano.他小时候就开始学弹钢琴。
2.引导原因状语从句，作“因为，由于”解，与because的用法相近。eg;
I must stop writing now，as I have rather a lot of work to do.我必须停笔了，因为我还有许多工作要做。
3.引导方式状语从句或比较状语从句，作“正如，(如)像”解。例eg：
As in your country，we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south.正如(像)你们国家一样，我们在北方种小麦，在南方种大米。(方式状语从句)
When at Rome，do as Romans do.入乡随俗。(方式状语从句)
4.引导让步状语从句，作“虽然，尽管”解。这时从句常用倒装语序，即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在as之前。eg;
Strange as it may seem，it is true.尽管这事看上去很奇怪，但却是真的。
Try as he might，Tom could not get out of the difficulties.不管怎样努力，汤姆还是摆脱不了困境。
四)as作关系代词。
1.引导限制性定语从句，用在“such...as”,“the same...as”，“as...as”等结构中，常译作“像...一样的人(或物)”，“凡是...的人(或物)”。例eg：
He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.他曾希望做一个像雷锋那样的人。
My hometown is no longer the same as it was.我的家乡再也不像过去一样了。
2.引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代它前面的整个句子(即先行句)，意思是“这一点”。这个分句可以位于句首、句中或句末。eg：
As is well known，oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.我们知道，海洋占地球面积的百分之七十以上。
篇14：that用法总结
that还常用以代替who, whom, which,但that...which中的that用做关系代词的先行词。
that可以用作连词
that用作连词时可引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和状语从句。
that还常引导间接引语或形容词后面的.从句。
that在以it作形式主语的句子中或引导宾语从句、状语从句时常可省略。
篇15：as if 用法总结
从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would／could／might＋动词原形”。
例句：
You look as if you didn’t care.
你看上去好像并不在乎。
He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.
他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。
He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
篇16：with用法总结
1、with 结构修饰名词，with 作后置定语，不紧跟前面名词的情况。
例，Bihar is India's poorest state, with an annual per capita income of $111, lower than that of the mostimpoverished countries of the world.
with 结构 修饰 Bihar
2、with 结构修饰名词，紧跟名词的情况。
例，Under the restructuring, the huge organization that operates the company's basic businesses will be divided into
five groups, each with its own executive.with 结构修饰 each (group)
篇17：Linux密码文件passwd和shadow分析
引言：与Linux密码密切相关的两个文件
一：关于/etc/passwd：
关于/etc/passwd的内容理解
在/etc/passwd中，每一行都表示的是一个用户的信息；一行有7个段位；每个段位用:号分割，比如下面是我的系统中的/etc/passwd的两行；
beinan:x:500:500:beinan sun:/home/beinan:/bin/bash
linuxsir:x:505:502:linuxsir open,linuxsir office,13898667715:/home/linuxsir:/bin/bash
beinan:x:500:500:beinan sun:/home/beinan:/bin/bash
linuxsir:x:501:502::/home/linuxsir:/bin/bash
第一字段：用户名（也被称为登录名)；在上面的例子中，我们看到这两个用户的用户名分别是beinan和linuxsir；
第二字段：口令；在例子中我们看到的是一个x，其实密码已被映射到/etc/shadow文件中；
第三字段：UID；请参看本文的UID的解说；
第四字段：GID；请参看本文的GID的解说；
第五字段：用户名全称，这是可选的，可以不设置，在beinan这个用户中，用户的全称是beinan sun；而linuxsir这个用户是没有设置全称；
第六字段：用户的家目录所在位置；beinan这个用户是/home/beinan，而linuxsir这个用户是/home/linuxsir；
第七字段：用户所用SHELL的类型，beinan和linuxsir都用的是bash；所以设置为/bin/bash;
关于UID的理解：
UID是用户的ID值，在系统中每个用户的UID的值是唯一的，更确切的说每个用户都要对应一个唯一的UID，系统管理员应该确保这一规则，系统用户的UID的值从0开始，是一个正整数，至于最大值可以在/etc/login.defs可以查到，一般Linux发行版约定为60000； 在Linux中，root的UID是0，拥有系统最高权限；
UID在系统唯一特性，做为系统管理员应该确保这一标准，UID的唯一性关系到系统的安全，应该值得我们关注！比如我在/etc/passwd中把beinan的UID改为0后，你设想会发生什么呢？beinan这个用户会被确认为root用户。beinan这个帐号可以进行所有root的操作；
UID是确认用户权限的标识，用户登录系统所处的角色是通过UID来实现的，而非用户名，切记；把几个用户共用一个UID是危险的，比如我们上面所谈到的，把普通用户的UID改为0，和root共用一个UID，这事实上就造成了系统管理权限的混乱。如果我们想用root权限，可以通过su或sudo来实现；切不可随意让一个用户和root分享同一个UID；
UID是唯一性，只是要求管理员所做的，其实我们修改/etc/passwd文件，可以修改任何用户的UID的值为0，
一般情况下，每个Linux的发行版都会预留一定的UID和GID给系统虚拟用户占用，虚拟用户一般是系统安装时就有的，是为了完成系统任务所必须的用户，但虚拟用户是不能登录系统的，比如ftp、nobody、adm、rpm、bin、shutdown等；
在Fedora系统会把前499个UID和GID预留出来，我们添加新用户时的UID从500开始的，GID也是从500开始，至于其它系统，有的系统可能会把前999UID和GID预留出来；以各个系统中/etc/login.defs中的UID_MIN的最小值为准；Fedora系统login.defs的UID_MIN是500，而UID_MAX值为60000，也就是说我们通过adduser默认添加的用户的UID的值是500到60000之间；而Slackware通过adduser不指定UID来添加用户，默认UID是从1000开始；
二：关于/etc/shadow
/etc/shadow概说
/etc/shadow文件是/etc/passwd的影子文件，这个文件并不由/etc/passwd而产生的，这两个文件是应该是对应互补的；shadow内容包括用户及被加密的密码以及其它/etc/passwd不能包括的信息，比如用户的有效期限等；这个文件只有root权限可以读取和操作，权限如下：
-r——– 1 root root 1.5K 10月16 09:49 /etc/shadow
/etc/shadow的权限不能随便改为其它用户可读，这样做是危险的。如果您发现这个文件的权限变成了其它用户组或用户可读了，要进行检查，以防系统安全问题的发生；
如果我们以普通用户查看这个文件时，应该什么也查看不到，提示是权限不够：
[beinan@localhost ~]$ more /etc/shadow
/etc/shadow:权限不够
/etc/shadow的内容分析
/etc/shadow文件的内容包括9个段位，每个段位之间用:号分割；我们以如下的例子说明；
beinan:$1$VE.Mq2Xf$2c9Qi7EQ9JP8GKF8gH7PB1:13072:0:99999:7:::
linuxsir:$1$IPDvUhXP$8R6J/VtPXvLyXxhLWPrnt/:13072:0:99999:7::13108:
第一字段：用户名（也被称为登录名)，在/etc/shadow中，用户名和/etc/passwd是相同的，这样就把passwd和shadow中用的用户记录联系在一起；这个字段是非空的；
第二字段：密码（已被加密)，如果是有些用户在这段是x，表示这个用户不能登录到系统；这个字段是非空的；
第三字段：上次修改口令的时间；这个时间是从1970年01月01日算起到最近一次修改口令的时间间隔（天数)，您可以通过passwd来修改用户的密码，然后查看/etc/shadow中此字段的变化；
第四字段：两次修改口令间隔最少的天数；如果设置为0,则禁用此功能；也就是说用户必须经过多少天才能修改其口令；此项功能用处不是太大；默认值是通过/etc/login.defs文件定义中获取，PASS_MIN_DAYS中有定义；
第五字段：两次修改口令间隔最多的天数；这个能增强管理员管理用户口令的时效性，应该说在增强了系统的安全性；如果是系统默认值，是在添加用户时由/etc/login.defs文件定义中获取，在PASS_MAX_DAYS中定义；
第六字段：提前多少天警告用户口令将过期；当用户登录系统后，系统登录程序提醒用户口令将要作废；如果是系统默认值，是在添加用户时由/etc/login.defs文件定义中获取，在PASS_WARN_AGE中定义；
第七字段：在口令过期之后多少天禁用此用户；此字段表示用户口令作废多少天后，系统会禁用此用户，也就是说系统会不能再让此用户登录，也不会提示用户过期，是完全禁用；
第八字段：用户过期日期；此字段指定了用户作废的天数（从1970年的1月1日开始的天数)，如果这个字段的值为空，帐号永久可用；
第九字段：保留字段，目前为空，以备将来Linux发展之用；
如果更为详细的，请用man shadow来查看帮助，您会得到更为详尽的资料；
我们再根据实例分析：
beinan:$1$VE.Mq2Xf$2c9Qi7EQ9JP8GKF8gH7PB1:13072:0:99999:7:::
linuxsir:$1$IPDvUhXP$8R6J/VtPXvLyXxhLWPrnt/:13072:0:99999:7::13108:
第一字段：用户名（也被称之为登录名)，在例子中有峡谷两条记录，也表示有两个用户beinan和linuxsir
第二字段：被加密的密码，如果有的用户在此字段中是x，表示这个用户不能登录系统，也可以看作是虚拟用户，不过虚拟用户和真实用户都是相对的，系统管理员随时可以对任何用户操作；
第三字段：表示上次更改口令的天数（距1970年01月01日)，上面的例子能说明beinan和linuxsir这两个用户，是在同一天更改了用户密码，当然是通过passwd命令来更改的，更改密码的时间距1970年01月01日的天数为13072；
第四字段：禁用两次口令修改之间最小天数的功能，设置为0
第五字段：两次修改口令间隔最多的天数，在例子中都是99999天；这个值如果在添加用户时没有指定的话，是通过/etc/login.defs来获取默认值，PASS_MAX_DAYS 99999；您可以查看/etc/login.defs来查看，具体的值；
第六字段：提前多少天警告用户口令将过期；当用户登录系统后，系统登录程序提醒用户口令将要作废；如果是系统默认值，是在添加用户时由/etc/login.defs文件定义中获取，在PASS_WARN_AGE中定义；在例子中的值是7，表示在用户口令将过期的前7天警告用户更改期口令；
第七字段：在口令过期之后多少天禁用此用户；此字段表示用户口令作废多少天后，系统会禁用此用户，也就是说系统会不能再让此用户登录，也不会提示用户过期，是完全禁用；在例子中，此字段两个用户的都是空的，表示禁用这个功能；
第八字段：用户过期日期；此字段指定了用户作废的天数（从1970年的1月1日开始的天数)，如果这个字段的值为空，帐号永久可用；在例子中，我们看到beinan这个用户在此字段是空的，表示此用户永久可用；而linuxsir这个用户表示在距1970年01月01日后13108天后过期，算起来也就是2005年11月21号过期；哈哈，如果有兴趣的的弟兄，自己来算算，大体还是差不多的；
第九字段：保留字段，目前为空，以备将来Linux发展之用
★ 英语常用量词词组
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