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篇1：系动词复习教案
系动词复习教案
系动词复习教案 高考考点： 1. 系动词后常用形容词、名词、数词、副词、介词短语等作表语 2．系动词用主动语态 复习方法：讲练结合 所需课时：一课时 内容讲解： 1概念： 系动词亦称连系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语）（形容词），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 说明： 有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如： He feel ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。（feel是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。） 2种类： 1）状态系动词 用来表示主语性质或状态，只有be一词，例如： He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（表示主语的身份－－性质） He is ill. 他病了。（表示主语的状态） 2）持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 3）表像系动词 用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。 4）感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 5）变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如： He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。 6）终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达证实，变成之意，例如： The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果） 注意事项： 系动词本身有一定的词义，不能单独作谓语，后面必须与表语连用。复习系动词时，必须注意以下几个问题： 1. be是最重要的系动词，主语不同，be的形式也不同，且有时态的变化。 通常表示主语的特征、状态和身份等，后面接形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、v-ing、过去分词及表语从句作表语。 特别要注意“由be+过去分词”所构成的系表结构与“由be+过去分词”所构成的被动语态的区别。 前者侧重于表示主语的特征或所处的状态，通常没有由by引导的介词短语。 如：The door was closed. 后者侧重于强调主语是谓语动词所示动作的承受者，表示动作；句中可以用由by引导的介词短语。如：The door was closed by me. 还要注意“由be+ V-ing所构成的系表结构与“由be+ V-ing”所构成的进行时态的区别。 前者侧重于说明主语具有的特征或存在的状态，也可说明主语是什么。如：My job is teaching English. 后者侧重于强调主语正在做某事。如：Mr Wang is reading an evening paper now. 2. 要注意由行为动词转化成的系动词。 表示人体感官的系动词有sound，taste，look，feel，smell等，后面接形容词； 表示主语从一种状态转变到另一种状态的系动词有become，get，go，turn，run，grow，名词前要用不定冠词，turn后面接单数名词时，名词前不用不定冠词； 表示主语继续或保持某种身份、特征或状态的系动词有continue，keep，remain，stay，stand lie，rest，stay等，后面接表示状态的形容词； 表示判断的系动词有seem和appear，后面接形容词、to be+名词或形容词、that-clause、不定式等。 3. 要注意系动词的固定搭配。常见的有come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild, wear thin, turn nasty等。 4. 要特别注意某些动词既可以做系动词，又可以做实意动词的用法。 系动词部分主要注意：其后要求接形容词，而不是副词做表语。遇到这种情况，只能先根据其意思判断清楚到底是前者还是后者，然后再对后面的词性和词义做出正确判断和选择。以taste一词为例： The newly-invented soft drinking tastes quite unique.（这种新研制的软饮料尝起来挺独特的。注意：在这句话里，taste做系动词，不能使用进行时，后面接形容词。） The chef is tasting the fish carefully.（厨师长正在品尝这道鱼。注意：在这句话中，taste做实意动词，可以使用进行时，并且后面接副词做状语。） 配套训练题（学生自习完成） 1. ―What is Mr Wang like? ―____. A. He is a teacher B. He is old and kind C. He looks like a balloon D. He likes English 2. What Mr White said sounds____. A. friendly B. wonderfully C. pleasantly D. nicely 3. The poor boy ____ blind at the age of three. A. turned B. goes C. became D. went 4. When he was a child he____ . A. grew patience B. was alive C. ran wild D. came true 5. His voice____ as if he has a cold. A. sounds B. listens C. hears D. seems 6. This shirt___ as if it is made of cotton. A. is B. looks C. feels D. seems 7. He looks ___ he hadn’t had a good meal for a month A. that B. as if C. when D. so far 8. It ____that he was late for the train. A. looks B. turns C. gets D. seems 9. These apples taste_____. A. to he good B. to be well C. well D. good 10. ―Do you like the shirt? ―Yes, it ____ very soft. A. feels B. felt C. is feeling D. is felt 11. The moment Mr Zhang went to bed, he____ asleep A. kept B. got C. fell D. fall 12. When I went home yesterday, it was ____ dark. A. going B. getting C. running D. coming 13. Their plan ____ to be a perfect one. A. proved B. was proved C. is proving D. proving 14. The flowers in the garden ____ sweet. A. sound B. taste C. become D. smell 15. She____ like her mother in character. A. looks B. seems C. is D. feels 16. It____ another fine day tomorrow. A. seems B. promises C. appears D. looks 17. He ____ much younger than he really is. A. appears B. grows C. becomes D. turns 18. You____ very pale. Do you feel sick? A. looked B. are looking C. looking D. are looked 19. His wish to become a driver has ____true. A. turned B. realized C. come D. grown 20. Her father ____a writer. A. turned B. grew C. has turned D. has become 答案与分析 1. B What’s...like?是询问人或事物的性质特征情况的交际用语，答语中常含有说明性质特征情况的`形容词。 2. A sound表示“听起来”，后面接形容词作表语，答案B、C、D均为副词。 3. D若人或事物的情况变化是永久性的或难以扭转的坏变化时，用系动词go表示。 4. C run wild是固定搭配，表示“放荡不羁”。 5. A sound表示“听起来”，后面接as if 引导的表语从句，表示对主语所表示的特征、状态或性质作出的反应及判断。 6. C feel作系动词用时，表示“(东西)摸上去令人有某种感觉”。 7. B as if引导表语从句时，从句谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，从句谓语用过去完成式。 8. D “ It seems that…” 表示“看起来……”。是固定句型，强调根据一定的事实所得出的一种接近于实际情况的判断。 9. D taste表示“尝起来”时，是系动词，后面接形容词作表语。 10. A feel表示“(某物)摸上去(令人)有某种感觉”时，是系动词，用于一般现在时。 11. C fall asleep表示“入睡”，是固定搭配，根据题意，应用过去时。 12. B get表示“逐渐……起来”、“开始……起来”时，是系动词，多用于进行时。 13. A prove表示“证明是”时，是系动词。 14. D smell表示“有……的气味”、“散发气味”时，是系动词，后面接形容词。 15. C belike表示“看起来像”时，既可指外貌，又可指品质和特征，侧重于特征。 16. B promise表示“有……的可能”、“给人以……的指望”时，是系动词，后面接名词作表语。 17. A appear表示“看起来”时，是系动词。侧重于在外表给人某种印象，常为“假象”。 18. B look表示“显得”、“看起来”时，是系动词，后面接形容词作表语，用进行时态，常带有感情色彩。 19. C come true是固定搭配，表示“实现”，其中come是系动词，表示“成为”、“变得”。 20. D become表示“变成”，作系动词用，在后面作表语的名词前要加a或an。turn后跟可数名词单数要去掉a(n)。篇2：情态动词复习教案
情态动词复习教案
情态动词复习教案 高考考点： 1. 情态动词主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等， 2. 情态动词表推测 所需课时：三课时 内容讲解： 一、情态动词主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等， 1. can (could) 1) 表示能力，could主要指过去时间。例如： ① Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。 ② Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗？ 2) 表示允许。例如： ① Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？ ② He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading―room. 他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。 3) 表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。例如： ① Where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢？ ② How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心？ 4) 比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。例如： ① Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗？. ② I’m afraid we couldn’t give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。 2．may (might) 1) 表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。例如： ① You may take whatever you like.你喜欢什么就拿什么。 ② May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？ 2)在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don’t. / You’d better not. / No, you mustn’t.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。 3 must 表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。例如： ① We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。 ② --Must we hand in our exercise books now?我们现在就要交练习本吗？ --No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to. 不必。 3．shall 1) 表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。例如： ① Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗？ ② Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗？ 2) 表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。 例如： ① You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。（命令） ② You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺） ③ He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。（警告） ④ Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心） 4．will 1) 表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。例如： ① I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。 ② None is so blind as those who won’t see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。 ③ If you will read the book, I’ll lend it to you. 如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。 2) 表请求，用于疑问句。例如： ① Will you close the window? 请你把窗户关上好吗？ ② Won’t you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗？ 3) 表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。例如： ① Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。 ② The door won’t open. 这门打不开。 5. should 1) 表义务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。例如： ① You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。 ② You shouldn’t waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。 2)（表示不确定）万一。例如： ① If I should see him, Ill tell him. 万一我见到他，我就告诉他。 ② If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be postponed. 万一明天下雨,比赛就延期举行。 6. would 1) 表意愿。例如：: ① They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。 ② I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。 2) 表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。例如： ① Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗？ ② They wouldn’t have anything against it. 他们不会有什么反对意见。 3) 表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。例如：: Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。 7.ought to 表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。例如： ① You are his father. You ought to take care of him.你是他父亲，应当管他。 ② You oughtn’t to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。 8. used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不复发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。例如：i ① There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down. 街道拐角处过去有座楼房，现在拆了。 ② I usedn’t (didn’t use) to smoke. 我过去不抽烟。j }F ③ Used you (Did you use) to go to school on foot? 你过去常步行去学校吗？ 9.特殊情态动词need和dare的.用法： need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。 1) 用作情态动词。例如：| ① You needn’t telephone him now. 你现在不必打电话给他。 ② I don’t think you need worry. 我想你不必发愁。 ③ She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。 ④ How dare you say I’m unfair? 你竟敢说我不公平？_ 2) 用作实义动词。例如： ① You don’t need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。 ② We need to tell them the news. 我们需要把这消息告诉他们。 ③ The table needs painting (to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆一下。 ④ We should dare to give our own opinion. 我们要敢于提出自己的观点。 ⑤ He did not dare (to) look up. 他不敢抬头看。 ⑥ I dare say he’ll come again. 我想他会再来的。 【注意】（I dare say…为固定习语） 二、情态动词表推测 常用表推测情态动词的用法： 1.can 表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。例如：~,>_K ① He can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。 ② You mustn’t smoke while you’re walking around in the wood. You could start a fire. 在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。 2.may 表可能（事实上）。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。 例如： ① He may be at home. 他可能在家。\ ② She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。 3. must 表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。 例如： ① He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。 ② She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。: 4. should 表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。例如： ① The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。 ② They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。 5. ought to 表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。例如： ① Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。 ② There’s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。 6. could可能性不大，语气较弱。 7 might 可能性最小，语气最弱。 备注： 表示可能性大小的顺序为： must >will >would >ought to >should >can >could>may>might 结构： 1情态动词+ 动词原形 （对现在和将来的动作进行推测） He must understand that we mean business. 2情态动词+ be +doing (对正在发生的动作进行推测) ----Where is LiLei ? ---- He may be studying at school. 3.情态动词+ have +done ( 对过去的动作进行推测) must have done 一定干了某事 could have done 可能干了某是或本可以干了某事 may/might have done 也许已经干了某事 should/ ought to have done 本应该做了某事可是没有做 need not have done 本不必干了某事 had better have done 最好干了某事 would rather have done 宁愿干了某事 would like / love have done 本想干了某事其实未干 Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night. 备注： 情态动词 + have +done 反义问句的结构由有无时间状语来决定。 Lucy must have worked last night, didn’t she? Lucy must have worked , hasn’t she? 4.情态动词+ have been + v-ing形式 （表示推测或评论过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行） They should have been meeting to discuss the problem. 三、情态动词其它用法 1. cannot but do sth. 表示不得不，只好 I cannot but choose to go. 2. may well +动词原形 完全能， 很可能 He may well be proud of his son. 3. may as well 最好…… We may as well stay where we are. 4 cannot ( 或neve篇3：中考英语动词的复习教案
中考英语动词的复习教案
一、只接动名词做宾语
1、be busy doing忙于做
2、be used to doing习惯于做
3、be used for doing被用来做
4、be worth doing值得做
5、by doing依靠
6、can’t help doing禁不住做[
7、consider doing考虑做
8、end up doing结束做
9、enjoy doing喜欢做
10、feel like doing喜欢做
11、finish doing完成做
12、give up doing放弃做
13、have fun doing开心做
14、have trouble/problem/difficulty doing有困难做
15、keep/keep on doing继续/反复做
16、(would you) mind doing介意做
17、practice doing练习做
18、prefer doing…to doing更喜欢做
19、put off doing推迟做
20、spend …doing花费…做
21、stop/prevent/keep sb.…(from) doing防止某人做某事
22、succeed in doing成功做
23、thanks for doing感谢做
二、只接动词不定式做宾语
1、advise sb. to do建议做
2、afford to do支付得起做
3、agree to do同意做
4、allow sb. to do允许某人做
5、be able to do能够做
6、be afraid to do害怕做
7、begin to do开始做
8、can’t wait to do迫不及待做
9、decide to do决定做
10、happen to do碰巧做
11、hope to do希望做
12、invite sb. to do邀请某人做
13、learn to do学习做
14、need to do需要做
15、plan to do计划做
16、prefer to do… rather than do更喜欢做
17、pretend to do假装做
18、refuse to do拒绝做
19、start to do开始做
20、tell sb. to do告诉某人做
21、try (one’s best) to do尽力做
22、used to do过去经常做
23、volunteer (one’s time) to do自愿做
24、want (sb.) to do想要（某人）做
25、wish (sb.) to do希望（某人）做
26、would like to do愿意做
27、what/how/when/where to do
28、it takes sb. st. to do
29、it’s difficult/impossible for sb. to do
30、i find it difficult to study english
三、只接省去to的动词不定式做宾语
1、why not do
2、you’d better (not)do
3、一感feel
二听hear , listen to
三让make, let, have
四看see, notice, watch, look at
半帮助help sb. (to) do
help (to)do
四、接动词不定式和接动名词做宾语
1、like doing hate doing
like to do hate to do
2、forget doing remember doing
forget to do remember to do
3、go on doing stop doing
篇4：复习--非谓语动词
I. 分词的归纳与总结
A. –ing结构做定语后置
Do you know the woman talking to Tom?
Who were those people waiting outside?
The road joining two villages is very narrow.
I live in a pleasant room overlooking the garden.
There were some children swimming in the river.
B. 以-ing or –ed 结尾的形容词做表语
Jane is bored because her job is boring.
Jane’s job is boring, so Jane is bored.
以-ing结尾的形容词表达事物给人的感觉，以–ed 结尾的形容词表达人对事物的感觉。又如：
Julia thinks politics is very interesting.
The film was disappointing. I expected it to be much better.
We were shocked when we heard the news.
Everybody was surprised that he passed the exam.
C. 动词或介词+ing做宾语
a）在下列词后的动词要用-ing形式
enjoy, stop, finish, consider, avoid, practise, suggest, mind, risk, keep, appreciate, admit, miss, delay, etc.
I enjoy dancing.
Would you mind closing the window?
Amy suggested going to the cinema.
Don’t keep interrupting me while I am speaking.
b）介词(in, for, about, before, …)+ing
What are the advantages of having a car?
How about playing tennis tomorrow?
I bought a new bicycle instead of going away on holiday.
Before going out, I phoned Sarah.
What did you do after leaving school?
c）动词+介词的词组+ing
I am thinking of buying a house.
Do you feel like going out for dinner tonight?
I am used to driving on the left because I’ve lived in Britain for a long time.
Are you looking forward to seeing Ann again?
I prefer driving to travelling by train.
这类的词组有give up, put off, carry on, succeed in, dream of, insist on 等
D. 动词-ing形式做宾语补足语
I saw him walking along the street at night yesterday.
I could hear it raining.
I found Sue in my room reading a letter.
类似的词还有：feel, listen to, look at, notice, watch, observe, etc
E. –ing 从句做状语
Jim hurt his arm playing tennis. (=while he was playing)
A man ran out of the house shouting. (=he ran out of the house and he was shouting)
Having finished her work, she went home. (=after she had finished her work, she went home)
Feeling tired, I went to bed early. (=because I felt tired, I went to bed early)
Having already seen the film twice, I didn’t want to go to the cinema. (=because I had already seen it twice, I …)
II. 不定式的基本结构
A. 结构 主动形式 被动形式
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing --------
完成式 to have done to have been done
B. 例句
（1）The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. （定语）
（2）They decided to finish the job on time. （宾语）
（3）I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. （宾补）
（4）He was the best man to do the job. （宾补）
（5）They went there to visit their teacher. (状语)
（6）My question is how to find out some useful information. （疑问词引导）
附： 动词搭配表
I. v. + to do
1.wish to do 2.hope to do
3.promise to do 4.decide to do
5.refuse to do 6.agree to do
7.expect to do 8.manage to do
9.fail to do 10.prefer to do
11.plan to do 12.want to do
13.ought to do 14.have to do
15.used to do/be use to do 16.seem to do
17.would like to do 18.in order to do
19.so as to do 20.set out to do
21.make up one's mind to do 22.take trouble to do
23.It takes sb. some time to do 24.be going to do
25.be about to do 26.happen to do
27.pretend to do/to have done/to be doing
28.be thought/believed /said /reported to do
29.have no choice but to do
II. v. +adj. + to do
1. be willing to do 2. be likely to do
3. be able to do 4. too ... to do
5. be glad to do 6. be determined to do
7. be ready to do 8. be sure to do
9. be pleased to do 10. be afraid to do
11. be surprised to do 12. be eager to do
13. be anxious to do
14. It is important/necessary...for sb. to do
15. be...enough(for sb.) to do 16.be the first/last to do
17. be careful not to do/take care not to do
III. v.+ sb. + to do
1. help sb. to do 2. order sb. to do
3. tell sb. to do 4. wish sb. to do
5. want sb. to do 6. force sb. to do
7. get sb. to do 8. drive sb. to do
9. forbid sb. to do 10. cause sb. to do
11. allow sb. to do 12. permit sb. to do
13. persuade sb. to do 14. advise sb. to do
15. invite sb. to do 16. prefer sb. to do
17. require sb. to do 18. call on sb. to do
19. It cost sb. some money to do 20. think/consider sb. to be
IV. v.+ sb. / sth.+ do/ doing / done
1. see 2. hear 3. notice 4. watch 5. listen to 6. look at
7. feel 8. have 9. observe
e.g. I saw him come in. He was seen to come in.
him working
the problem settled
V. v. + do
1.can, may, must, should, need, will, dare
2.please do 3. had better do 4. would rather do...(than do)
5.why (not) do 6.let/make/have sb. do
7.have nothing to do but do
There is nothing to do but do They could do nothing but do
VI. v.+ doing
1.enjoy doing 2.risk doing
3.avoid doing 4.keep doing
5.practise doing
6.suggest doing / sb.'s doing / that sb.(should) do
7.miss doing 8. finish doing
9. allow / permit doing 10. delay doing
11.resist doing 12. consider doing
13. mind doing / sb.'s doing / if sb. do
14. imagine doing 15. keep on doing
16. go on doing 17. insist on doing
18. be busy doing 19. set about doing
20. give up doing 21. feel like doing
22. can't help doing
23. spend/save/waste/kill/time (in) doing
24. It is no use/good doing
25. prefer doing to doing
26. look forward to doing
27. succeed in doing
28. be afraid of doing
29. have trouble/difficulty (in) doing
30 There is trouble / difficulty (in) doing
31. prevent / keep /stop sb. from doing
32. thank you for doing
33. praise sb. for doing
34. punish sb. for doing
35. excuse sb. for doing / sb.'s doing
36. apologize for doing
37. be (well) worth doing / be worthy of being done / be worthy to be done
38. want / need / require doing
e.g. The boy wanted to wash his handkerchief./ The boy wanted washing.
I need to buy a new pair of trousers. / The trousers need mending.
39. do some reading/washing/cleaning/shopping/cooking/more speaking
40. go swimming/dancing/shopping/skating/boating/sightseeing/skiing
VII. v.+ to do / doing
A. 意义差别不大
begin/start e.g. When shall we start working/to work?
Suddenly it started to rain.
Now he began to realize/know his mistakes.
B.接doing表示一般情况,接to do表示具体
1. like/love e.g. I like swimming. But I don't like to swim this afternoon.
2. hate e.g. I hate getting up early. I hate to get up at this time.
3. prefer e.g. He prefers doing to talking.
I'd prefer to go by bike rather than walk this time.
C. 接doing表示已完成的动作,接to do表示未做的动作
1. remember e.g. Remember to close the window before you leave.
I remember being taken to the Great Wall when I was young.
2.forget e.g. Don't forget to lock the door.
I'll never forget meeting him for the first time.
D.意义有差别
1. try e.g. He tried to escape but he was caught.
He try unlocking the door with another key.
2. stop e.g. Stop talking, please. Let's stop to work.
3. regret e.g. I regret to say/tell you/inform you that you failed in the test.
How I regret telling him the news.
4.mean e.g. I'm sorry if I have hurt your feeling. But I didn't mean to.
The incident probably means war/fighting between the two nations.
5. go on
e.g. After he had finished his homework, he went on to write a letter.
Having been put into prison, he went on writing songs.
6. be afraid to do/of doing
e.g. I’m afraid to go out at night.
Most people are afraid of snakes.
Don’t be afraid of making mistakes when learning a foreign language.
【模拟试题】
1. ____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (NMET96, 23)
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lost
2. The patient was warned __________oily food after the operation. (NMET 96)
A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
3. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776B.C., did not include women players until 1912. (NMET97)
A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing
4. I would love _______to the party last night but I have to work extra hours to finish a report.(NMET 97)
A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone
5. Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour. (NMET98,23)
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
6. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ____ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” (NMET99,25)
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
7. Robert is said __________abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. (NMET 99)
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
8. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _________it more difficult.(NMET 99)
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
9. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ________in my new job. (NMET春北京 00)
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
10. __________late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (NMET01)
A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep
11. Tony was very unhappy for ___________to the party. (上海，40)
A. having not been invited B. not having invited
C. having not invited D. not having been invited
12. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _________the next year. (NMET2000, 22)
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
13. I really appreciate ________to relax with you on this nice island.
A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time
14. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears __________everything. ( 上海)
A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
15. ____________to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. ( 上海)
A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed
16. ---How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
---The key ________the problem is to meet the demand _________by the customers.
(NMET2002 北京)
A. to solving, making B. to solving, made
C. to solve, making D. to solve, made
17. The research is so designed that once _________nothing can be done to change it.
(NMET2002)
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
18. Generally speaking, ________according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
( 上海)
A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
19. The teacher asked us ________so much noise. (NMET2003 北京)
A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make
20. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________in the kitchen. (NMET2003)
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
21. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain __________as the plane was making a landing. (春季上海)
A. at B. seating C. seated D. to be seating
22. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents___________. (NMET2004 重庆)
A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry
23. ____________the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
(NMET2004广东)
A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed
D. Having not completed
24. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________the exam. (NMET2004 福建)
A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing
25. The flowers _________sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of name.
(2004 上海)
A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
26. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when __________ at the meeting by my boss. (NMET2004全国)
A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned
27. He looked around and caught a man ________his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
28. This company was the first ________portable radios as well as cassette tapes recorders in the world. (春上海)
A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced
29. ___________with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. (NMET2005 春季北京)
A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing
30. The storm left, ____________a lot of damage to this area. (NMET2005全国)
A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused
【试题答案】
1-5 CCCDC 6-10 DABCA 11-15 DCBDC 16-20 BDBDB
21-25 CACDB 26-30CDBCD
篇5：浅谈初中英语动词总复习
罗娅辉
（湖南长沙国防科技大学附属中学）
摘 要：英语词汇的复习是面临中考的学生非常重要的学习环节之一，在所有的词类中，动词又是其中的重点和难点，因此在语法的学习过程中，动词扮演着非常重要的角色，除此之外，动词又细分为很多的种类，其形式变化繁杂，因此在历年中考的英语试卷中，英语动词的考查也一直是重点，因此为了能够让初三学生在最后的复习关口对动词有一个更加深刻的了解和掌握，那么在动词总复习的过程中就应该从分析、归纳开始，灵活运用各种手段。
篇6：浅谈初中英语动词总复习
一般英语总复习的时间都是在初三的后半段，此时所有课程要求的内容全部学习完毕，因此需要对三年来学过的内容进行统一的整理。对于英语来说，从词汇到语法是复习的重点，在词类的复习过程中，动词的复习成为主要的内容，因为动词与语法中的语态和时态等语法联系密切。本文就以笔者多年的经验简单谈谈初三英语总复习中动词复习的要点。
一、正确把握动词的学习要求
在学习和复习的过程中首先要明确在新课程改革政策的规范下对于初中生动词掌握的要求，然后根据这个要求来规范自己的行为，这样才能在复习的过程中做到有的放矢，复习内容的针对性也将更强，如果在复习的过程中比较盲目，抓不住重点，不论是学生还是教师，都会有非常大的压力。
《义务教育英语课程标准》中对于初中英语动词的学习有非常明确的规范，首先要能够掌握动词的基本形式、动词的类型、动词的形式变化。在复习的过程中，需要对以上几个内容进行系统的分析，因此这些内容必须要求学生能够完全把握。课程标准中对于谓语动词的要求是必须能够熟练掌握其时态的变化。从历年的中考试卷中可以得知，对于谓语动词的考查主要是能够在具体的时态和语态中进行相应的变化，要求和难度相对较低，所以复习的过程中没有必要过于深究。
二、复习时需要进行总结和归纳，从而加深学生的记忆
在复习开始之前，可以先给学生布置复习的任务，在上课的时候让准备充分的学生走上讲台对自己的复习内容进行讲解，然后再由其他同学对该同学复习的内容进行适当的补充，最后由教师做最后的陈述和总结。在陈述的过程中，首先要对学生所讲述的内容进行肯定，()这样一来能够提升学生复习的积极性，另外可以使用最为巧妙的方式将缺失或者错误的内容进行纠正和补充，同时可以将所复习的内容以表格的形式表现出来，清晰的条理非常有利于学生的学习和记忆。
我在进行动词的复习时主要是将动词的类型、动词的形式变化、情态动词等分别列表，与此同时，还可以在网上搜索教案，比如，对动词的形态变化的口诀等进行整理，这在复习的过程中使学生非常受益。
三、明确复习的目标，尽量不要对知识点进行延伸
在动词的复习过程中，通常有学生会对动词的形式的多样性、时态、语态等特点在记忆的过程中出现混淆的情况，因此在复习的过程中尽量不要对某些动词的用法再进行引申，以免出现过于繁杂的知识点，无法让学生及时地消化。
比如，在复习及物动词时，有一个句子： Mother bought her a new computer just now.该句子是一个比较典型的.“及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”的例句，如果将其改成“及物动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语”的例句时，可以改为：Mother bought a new computer for her just now.因为该例句主要是强调及物动词的用法，因此不用去深究时态的知识点。随意穿插知识点会让学生在学习的过程中无法掌握要领。
四、创设高效的复习课堂
不同的教案设计、课堂要求、教学方法都是由不同的教师在长期的教学活动中总结的经验，而如何检验一个课堂教学活动是成功的，只能通过高效来进行检验。不同的教师在教学过程中的方式和方法也是有区别的，在初中的英语动词复习中我借鉴了很多教师行之有效的方法，效果相对比较显着。
比如，在复习动词的备课过程中，可以自己组织一段话，然后将这段话分成3~4个单句，并将这些单句组成选词填空题，首先让学生对这几道题进行课堂作业。如：
分别使用以下几个单词进行选词填空：is，turned，grow
My favorite sport is playing football.
The rain turned sunny.
The grass of football field grow very fast.
在学生进行课堂作业时，可以分别对这三种动词进行系统的分析，比如“is”是系动词，后边必须跟表语，不能单独作谓语等，将动词运用到具体的情景中能够提升学生的理解能力，同时还能够加深记忆。可以由学生将这三句话通过组合然后连成一段有故事情节的语段，然后再根据学生的造句情况进行纠正，提升其对于动词的运用能力。
总之，动词的复习是初中英语的重点和难点，作为英语教师，肯定都有自己的一整套复习方案，但是切记在复习之前一定要首先明确复习的目标和要求，这样在复习的过程中针对性更强，效果更好。
参考文献：
［1］张海燕。分析归纳，灵活应用：浅谈初中英语动词总复习［J］。福建论坛：社科教育版，（11）。
［2］万丽华。分析归纳，灵活运用：中学英语动词总复习方法之我见［J］。语数外学习：英语教育，（05）。
［3］罗数文。浅谈初中英语总复习的几点做法［J］。学周刊，2011（21）。
篇7：英语六级动词词汇复习
abandon v. 抛弃，放弃
acknowledge v. 对……表示谢忱，报偿
acquaint v. 熟悉，认识
acquire v. (靠自己的能力、努力或行为)获得，得到
afford v. 付得起
allege v. 断言，宣称
alternate v. 交替，轮流
anticipate v. 预期
applaud v. 赞扬
ascend v. 上升，攀登
ascribe v. 归因于，归功于
assemble v. 集合，聚集
assign v. 分派，指派(职务，任务)
attribute v. 归因于
base v. 建立在……的基础上
bewilder v. 迷惑，弄糊涂
breed v. 培育，养育
cling v. 坚守，抱紧
coincide v. 相同，相一致
collaborate v. 合著，合作
collide v. 互撞，碰撞
commence v. 开始
compensate v. 补偿，赔偿
complement v. 与……结合，补充
comply v. 遵守
conceive v. 想出，设想
concern v. 涉及
condense v. 压缩，浓缩
conflict v. 冲突，战争
conform v. 符合，遵守，适应
confront v. 面对，面临
conserve v. 保护，保存
consolidate v. 巩固
convey v. 表达，传达
crash v. (飞机)坠毁
cruise v. 航行，漫游
dazzle v. 使眩目，耀眼
deceive v. 欺骗，哄骗
decline v. 下降，减少
dedicate v. 奉献，献身，致力于
defend v. 为……辩护
defy v. 违抗，藐视
deny v. 否认
deprive v. 剥夺
derive v. 得来，得到
descend v. 下落
descend v. 下来，下去
deserve v. 值得
deviate v. (使)背离，(使)偏离
1.英语六级复习词汇
2.12月英语六级核心词汇：动词
3.英语六级真题中高频词汇复习
4.2012月英语六级词汇复习资料
5.英语六级复习必备词汇
6.英语六级听力场景词汇集合的复习
7.英语六级短语词汇复习
8.英语六级听力复习之高频词汇
9.英语六级真题中高频词汇的复习
10.英语六级听力复习必备常考词汇
篇8：英语复习常用动词习惯用法
英语复习常用动词习惯用法
常用动词习惯用法 1. allow1 sb to do sth 允许某人去做某事(后接动词不定式)
My father allowed3 me to go out for a walk after finishing my homework.
2. asked sb (not) to do sth 叫某人做事某事(叫某人不要去做某事)
My father asked me to study hard.
He asked me not to swim alone4.
be asked to do sth 被叫去做某事/被邀请去做某事
I was5 asked to have a dinner with them yesterday.
3. be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事
She is afraid to ask me questions.
4. be afaid of doing sth 害怕做某事
I am afraid of going6 out at night.
5. be afaid of sth 害怕某物
He is afraid of snakes.
6. be amazed7 to do sth 对做某事感到惊讶
He was amazed to meet the girl there.
be amazed at sth 对某事感到惊讶
they were amazed at the news8.
7. be busy doing/with sth 忙于做某事(常考)
e2.g: I was busy washing9 my car at that time. 那时候我正忙于清洗我的车子。
I am busy with my work.
8. be coming/going/leaving/fiying/moving/dying10(某些位移动词用进行时态时表将来)
the bus is coming/the dog is dying.
9. be excited11 to do sth 对做……感到兴奋
Jacky was excited to travel12 there by plane.
be excited at sth
Lily13 was excited at his words.
be excited about doing sth
he was excited about passing the exam14 without going overing books.
10. be frightened15 to do sth 害怕去做某事
Sam is frightened to ride a horse.
11. be glad/happy to do sth 高兴去做某事
she is happy to clean the blackboard with me.
be pleased16 to do sth高兴做某事
she was pleased to help the old man yesterday.
be pleased with sth 对某事感到高兴/满意
the teacher was pleased with my answer.
12. be interested17 in sth/doing sth 对某事感兴趣/对做某事感兴趣
she is interested in swimming in the river.
My btother is interested in Chinese.
13. be/get ready for/to do sth
Be ready for sth 为某事做好了准备
We are ready for the exam.
Be ready to do sth 为做某事做好了准备
We are ready to have a birthday party for her.
get ready for sth为某事在做准备
We are getting ready for the exam.
get ready for sth 为做某事而做准备
13. be sorry to do sth 对做某事感到抱歉
14. be surprised18 to do sth 对做某事感到惊奇
be surprised at sth 对某事感到惊奇
15. be worth19 doing sth 值得做某事(worth 后接动词-ing形式，常考)
16. begin to do sth
begin/start to do/doing sth ( 开始去做某事 )
17. can/be able20 to afford21 (to buy) sth 有能力购买(供)……
18. can/may/must do sth could/would22/should/might do sth
19. can’t wait to do sth 迫不急待地去做某事
20. decide23 to do sth 决定去做某事
make up one’s mind24 to do sth 下决心去做某事(常考)
make a decision25 to do sth 对做某事作出决定
21. deserve26 to do sth 值得/应该做……
22. encourage27 sb to do sth 鼓励某人去做某事
23. enjoy doing sth 乐意去做某事
24. expect28 (sb) to do sth 期望去做某事
25. fail29 to do sth 做某事失败
succeed30 doing sth 成功做了某事
26. finish doing sth 做完某事(后接动词-ing形式)(常考)
27. follow sb to do sth 跟随某人去做某事
28. get sb to do sth
make sb do sth
let sb do sth (让某人做某事(后接动词原形))
29. get/have a chance31 to do sth 得到一个做某事的机会
30. give/pass/show/lend/sell sb sth/sth to sb
buy/get/bring sb sth/sth for sb
31. go on to do sth 继续做事(常考)
go on doing sth 继续做事(常考)
32. hate32 to do/doing sth 讨厌/不喜欢做某事
33. have fun doing sth
34. have problems33 doing sth 做某事遇到困难
35. have sb do sth
have sth done
have sth to do 工有事要做
36. hear sb do sth 听到某人做某事(后接动词原形，常考)
hear sb doing sth 听到某人正在做某事(常见)
37. help to do sth 帮忙做某事
help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
38. hope/wish to do sth 希望做某事
wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事
39. I t seems35 that 这像是……(后接从句)
seem34 to do sth
seem +adj
40. It’s + adj+(for sb) to do sth .
It’s+adj +(of sb) to do sth
e.g: It’s glad for him to hear the news.
41. It takes sb some time/money to do sth . 花费某人多长时间做某事(常考)
42. pay36 …for… cost37 spend…on….. it take …to do sth
43. It’s best for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是最好的
had38 better do sth 最好做某事(注意had没有时态和人称的变化，better后接动词原形)
44. It’s time for sb to do sth 是某人做某事的时候了
45. keep (on)doing sth 坚持做某事(常考)
keep sb doing sth 让某人做某事(常考)
keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事(常考)
keep sb/sth +adj
keep the book for 2 days 借这本书两天(不要用borrow或lend)
46. learn to do sth 学做某事
learn sth from sb 向某人学习
47. like to do/doing sth 喜欢做某事
like sb to do sth 喜欢某人做某事
48. need to do sth
need doing sth/to be done
need sth needn’t do sth(需要做某事)
49. prefer39 to do sth rather40 than do sth 宁愿……而不愿……(常考)
prefer doing sth to doing sth 喜欢做……胜过做……
e.g: I prefer reading41 books to going shopping. 比起购物来，我更爱读书。
prefer to do sth 喜欢(爱)做某事
50. refuse to do sth 拒绝做……
51. remember/forget to do sth 记得/忘记做某事
remember/forget doing sth 记得/忘记做过某事
52. see sb do sth 看见某人做某事(结果)
see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事(正在进行中)
be seen42 to do sth 做某事被看见
53. something to eat/drink 一些吃/喝的东西(词不定式放在something等后修饰这些词)
e.g: I need something to eat. 我要一些吃的东西。
54. spend some time (in)doing sth /on sth 花费时间做某事(注意动词要用ing形式)(常考)
spend some money on sth/doing sth 买……花了多少钱
55. Sth is hard/difficult/easy to do . 做好某事很难/容易
56. stop to do sth 停下来去某事(两件事)(常考)
stop doing sth 停止做某事 (一件事)(常考)
stop sb (from) doing sth 阻止某人做某事(常考)
57. take turns to do sth 轮流做……
58. tell sb (not) to do sth 叫某人去(不要)做某事
be told to do sth 被告知不要做某事
59. There is no need (for sb) to do sth 对某人来说没必要做某事
60. There is no time (for sb ) to do sth
have no time to do sth 没时间做某事
61. too…(for sb) to …太……以致不能…… so… that… not… enough to do
e.g: The boy is too young to go to school. 那男孩太小了以致不能上学。
62. try/do one’s best to do sth 尽力去做某事
try to do sth 试着(图)做某事
63. used43 to do sth 过去常做某事( used to be + adj/a +n)
e.g: Mr wang used to be a teacher worker. 王先生过去是一位工人。
I used to live in the country. 过去我住在农村。
64. want/would like to do sth 想做……
want/would like sb to do sth 想某人做……
feel like doing sth 喜爱做某事(注意like后接动词ing形式)
65. warn44 sb (not) to do sth 警告某人做某事(或不要做某事)
66. Why don’t you do sth ?
Why not do sth ?( 为什么不……(表建议的句型，注意用动词原形) )
表示建议的句型还有：What How about……?(如果是动词，要用ing形式)
Shall we……?
67. Would you like (sb) to do sth ?Yes, I’d love to .
68. Would you mind doing sth ? 你介意做某事吗?
Never mind/Not at all/of course45 not/certainly not . (从不介意/一点也不介意/当然不会了)
69. Would you please (not) do sth 你可不可以不做……?
70. finish doing sth enjoy doing sth practise doing sth be good at doing sth be good at doing sth thank you for doing sth stop doing sth be good at doing sth give up doing sth mind doing sth stop sb from doing sth go on doing sth be busy doing sth see/hear/watch sb doing sth feel like doing sth hate doing sth like doing sth do well in doing sth be afraid of doing sth be interested in doing sth make a contribution46 to sth/doing sth
71. 非延续性动词(终止性动词)
1.buy---have(has)had 2.borrow---have(has)kept 3.leave---have(has)been away
4.go ---have(has)been away/in… 5.come ---have(has)here/in…
6.die47 ---have(has)been dead48 7.join---have(has)been a member of/in…
8.begin---have(has)on 8.stop---have(has)been over
example: 他的狗死了3天了.: His dog has been dead for three days. It is three days since49 his dog died50. His dog died three days ago.
72. 感官动词:(主动语态不带to)1.hear/see/watch sb do sth 或 2. hear/see/watch sb doing sth
1. We often hear him sing the song.
2. I saw51 him swimming in the river just now.
被动语态带to:
1. He is often heard to sing the song.
役使动词: (主动语态不带to) make/let sb do sth.
His father often makes him do this and that.
被动语态带to:
He is often made52 to do this and that by his father.
篇9：《说动词》教案
活动目标
1、引导幼儿说动词，并围绕动词进行发散思维。
2、学习动词玩、拍、抱、踢、打。
活动准备
教玩具：布娃娃、积木、皮球等等。
活动过程
一、动词“抱”
1、做一个抱的动作
提问：老师在干什么？老师还可以抱什么呢？
2、出示布娃娃、球、被子、积木等
启发幼儿说出与抱相关的动词词组。
3、不出示任何实物引导幼儿依靠想象围绕“抱”进行发散思维。
二、动词“打”
1、做一个打的动作
提问：教师在打什么？老师还可以打什么呢？
2、出示毛衣、电话、针、羽毛球拍等
启发幼儿说出与打相关的动词词组。
3、不出示实物
引导幼儿围绕“打”字进行发散思维。
以下以同样的方法进行
三、动词“踢”
四、动词“拍”
五、动词“玩”
六、结束
我们一起到草地上去玩吧！
把准备的`玩具放到草地上，去玩一玩、拍一拍、抱一抱、踢一踢、打一打。
篇10：非谓语动词复习要点
一． 非谓语动词功能比较表
主语 表语 宾语 宾补 定语 状语
动名词 V V V X V X
不定式 V V V V V V
现在分词 X V X V V V
过去分词 X V X V V V
二． 非谓语动词的否定式、复合结构
1、谓语动词的否定式为：not+非谓语动词（not +不定式， not + 动名词， not + 现在分not +过去分词）
2.不定式的复合结构为：of/for+to do注：若其前的形容词为情感形容词当nice,kind,wrong,wise,clever,stupid,foolish,brave,naughty,careless,careful,nice,good,natural,strange,honest,polite,impolite,rude,thoughtful,cruel等；介词宜用of；若其前的形容词为hard,necessary,impossible,possible,expensive,useful,dangerous,bad,interesting,exciting,important,easy等非情感形容词时，介词宜用for。动名词的复合结构为：形容词性物主代词sb/sb’s+doing(若该结构不位于句首作主语也可用“名词或宾语+doing”来表示。例如：
His not coming to school on time made his teacher angry.
在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
不定式时态\语态 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
动名词时态\语态 主动 被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
分词 时态\语态 主动 被动
一般式 doingbeing done
完成式 having done having been done
二、非谓语动词用法比较
（一）作主语比较：
1、位于句首常用动名词作主语。例如:Learning English well is a must for middle school student.
2、It作形式主语时，非情感形容词或名词作表语时常用不定式作真正主语；若useless, nouse, no good作表语时，常用动名词短语作真正主语。例如：It’s no usee crying like a child for you.
3、不定式短语或动名词短语用语俚语、成语中作主语时，要遵循上下文的一致性原则。例如：To do is better than to say.=Doing is better than saying.
To see is to believe=Seeing is believing.
(二)作表语比较：
1． 动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质，回答What的问题。例如：
-What is his job? -His job is teaching.
2． 不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，常表示将来的动作。例如：
When Einstein was still quite young, his wish was to become a physicist.
3.分词作表语时，说明主语的状态，回答How的问题。现在分词作表语表示“令人。。。。。。的”的意思；过去分词作标语，或表示“感到。。。。。。的”的意思，或表示一个已经发生了的动作。例如：The news is exciting. We are excited at the exciting news.The water is polluted.
(三)作宾语比较：
1、只跟不定式作宾语的及物动词：pretend,hope,expect,desire,agree,demand,hesitate,afford,fail,set out,beg,bother,long,plan,decide,determine,manage,intend,promise,refuse,wish,hate,offer,learn,
2.appreciate,avoid,admit,advise,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,mind,miss,permit,practise,pardon,recall,forbid,stop,suggest,risk,resist,imagine,understand等之后只能跟动名词作宾语。
3.后跟动名词作宾语的动词词组：give up,keep on,succeed in,look forward to,feel like,insist on,set about,oppose to,hear be fond of,be engaged in,be afraid of,thank sb for…,prefer…to…,prevent/stop/keep /save…from…,leave off,put off,can’t stand,be(get)used to,be worth,be busy,be successful in,devote …to, stick to,spend/waste…(in) …,have trouble/difficulty (in),think of,dream of,object to,How/Whaat about…?,It’s no use/good/need…,There’s no good/need…,get down to admit to, prefer…to, be used to, lead to, devote oneself to, object to, stick to, be busy look forward to (to为介词), no good, no use, It's worth…, can't help, It's no use /good, be capable of, be proud of, think of / about, hold off, put off, keep on, insist on, count on / upon, set about, be successful in, good at, take up, give up, burst out, prevent … from… 等。
4.1)remember/forget/regret +to do sth/doing(having done)sth 2).mean to do sth/doing
3).try to do sth/doing sth.4).go on to do sth/doing sth.
5).stop to do sth/doing sth6).can’t help doing sth/to do sth
5.need,require,want等动词表示“需要”时，后跟不定式的被动形式或动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。
（四）作宾补比较：
1、ask/tell/want/help/would like/allow/permit/advise/persuade/encourage/wish/expect sb (not) to do sth.
2、let/make/have/hear/listen to/notice/watch/see sb do sth
be made/heard/listened to/noticed/watched/seen to do sth.
3.keep sb doing sth./get the car/bus starting/send sb /sth. doing
4.have sb do sth,have sb. doing sth./have sb. done
5.see/hear sb doing sth./do sth
6.make oneself done(understood/heard/noticed/recognized)
7.find the door/windows open/closed/locked
8.find sb. seated/dressed;find stp. changed/polluted.
9.have sth（活）. doing/have sth（死）. done/ get sth（死）. done
10. get sb to do sth./get sth.(活) doing. /get sth.（死） done
11．Sb have sb/sth. left. There be sb/sth left.
(五)作状语比较
1、不定式在句中只能作条件或结果状语（只能和…enough,too…,heavy,light,difficult,hard,easy等形容词或副词连用。）
2、分词作状语时，其逻辑主语系句子的主语。如果逻辑主语与分词呈逻辑上的主谓关系，须用现在分词作状语；若逻辑主语与分词呈逻辑上的动宾关系，须用过去分词。分词在句中可作条件、时间、方式、伴随、让步、（自然而然的）结果、原因、比较等状语。
1）_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed
2）There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
3）_______, liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat
3、如果句子的主语不是分词的逻辑主语时，则不能用分词作状语，而用独立主格结构（主语+分词；主语+介词短语；with+宾语+介词短语）试比较：
Book in hand, the teacher came into the classroom.
A book in his hand, the teacher came into the classroom.
With a book in his hand, the teacher came into the classroom.
There being no bus left at night, they had to walk home.(Because there was no bus left at night,….)
4、分词作插入语 其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说道
strictly speaking 严格的说 judging from 从…判断
all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来
Judging from his face, he must be ill. 从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. (speaking 并不是dogs 的动作)
5、逻辑主语问：分词作状语的逻辑主语是句子的主语；分词作定语的逻辑主语是被修饰的名词；分词作宾补的逻辑主语是其宾语。
（六）作定语比较
1、动名词作前置定语，说明所修饰的名词的功能或用途。（a sleeping car,a swimming pool,, a writing paper）
2、不定式作后置定语，说明所修饰的名词的动作的未来性，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
A plan/law/way to do sth.
3、单个分词作前置定语，分词短语作后置定语，说明所修饰的名词的状态。表示正在进行或主动的动作或“令人。。。。。。的”意思，常用现在分词；表示已经发生或被动的动作或“感到。。。。。。的”意思，常用过去分词作定语。注意:polluted,enjuried,dressed,seated,broken,killed等只有过去分词，而没有现在分词。
1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written (=which is written )
2）What's the language ____ in Germany?
A.speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
试比较：
The big building _________(build) over there recently will be the highest one in our city.
The big building _________(build) last year is the highest one in our city.
历年高考非谓语动词真题再现
(86)26. Tell him_____ the window.
A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut
(86)27. Only one of these books is__________.
A. worth to read B. worth being read C. wroth of reading D. worth reading
(86)28. He had his leg_____ in the match yesterday.
A. to break B. broken C. breakD. breaking
(86)29. I can't imagine_____ that with them.
A. doB. to do C. being done D. doing
(87) 30. Most of the people_____ to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting
(87)31. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _____.
A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch
(87)32. Though he had often made his little sister_____, today he was made_____ by his little sister.
A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry
(87)33. They would not allow him_____ across the enemy line.
A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going
(88)34. She didn't remember_____ him before.
A. having met B. have met C. to meet D. to having met
(88)35. They knew her very well. They had seen her_____ up from childhood.
A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow
(89)36. Do you know the boy_____ under the big tree?
A. layB. lain C. layingD. lying
(89)37. Go on_____ the other exercise after you have finished this one.
A. to do B. doing C. with D. to be doing
(89)38.There was terrible noise______ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
(89)39. “What do you think of the book?”“Oh, excellent. It's worth_____ a second time.”
A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read
(89)40. She pretended_____ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen
(89)41. “Good morning. Can I help you?”“I'd like to have this package_____, madam.”
A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed
(89)42. _____ your coat at once. We must hurry.
A. Wear B. Wearing C. Put on D. Putting on
(90)43. Most of the artists_____ to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited
(90)44. _____ more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given
(90)45. She reached the top of the hill and stopped_____ on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest
(90)46. Last summer I took a course on___________.
A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made
C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made
(91)47. The murderer was brought in, with his hands_____ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
(91)48. The secretary worked late into the night, _____ a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
(91)49. I can hardly imagine Peter_____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A. sailB. to sailC. sailing D. to have sailed
(91)50. --The light in the office is still on. --Oh, I forgot_____
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
(91)51. John was made_____ the truck for a week as a punishment.
A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing
(92)52. Little Jim should love _____ to the theatre this evening.
A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking
(92)53. --I usually go there by train. --Why not_____ by boat for a change.
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
(92)54. I would appreciate______ back this afternoon.
A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. you're calling
(92)55. There're so many kinds of tape- recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind_____ to buy.
A. what B. which C. howD. where
(92)56._____ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receivingB. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
(93)57, “Can't you read?” Mary said_____ to the notice,
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C .angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
(93)58.How about the two of us_____ a walk down the garden?
A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking
(93)59. The computer centre, _____ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
(93) 60. Charles Babbage is generally considered _____ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
(94)61. --I must apologize for_____ ahead of time. --That's all right.
A. letting you not know B. not letting you know
C. letting you know not D. letting not you know
(94)62, The missing boys were last seen_____ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
(94)63.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _____ that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added
(94)64. The first textbooks_____for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written
65.--You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting: --Well, now I regret_____ that.
A. to doB. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
(95)66. Paul doesn't have to be made_____. He always works hard.
A. learnB. to learn C. learned D. learning
(95)67. We agreed_____ here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.
A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met
(96)68. The patient was warned______ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not B. eating notC. not to eat D. not eating
(96)69. ______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. LosingB. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
(97)70. I would love______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to goB. to have gone C. going D. having gone
(97) 71. The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 B. C., did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing
(97)72. -- Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?-- I______, but I had an unexpected, visitor.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
(97)73. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone______ get out.
A. had to B. would C. couldD. was able to
(98)74. _____ it with me and I'll see what I can do.
A. When left B. Leaving C.If you leave D. Leave
(98)75. Cleaning women in big cities usually get______ by the hour.
A. payB. paying C. paidD. to pay
(98)76. European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes C. madeD. to make
(99)77. Robert is said_____ abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
(99)78. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _____ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to makeC. not making D. DO not make
(99)79. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door___ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”
A. readB. reads C. to read D. reading
80. I've worked with children before, so I know what______ in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
(2000)81. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see______ the next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
()82. ______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
()83. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains______ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
(2002)84. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ______.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
(2002上海)85. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving______ their products more competitive.
A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made
(2002上海)86. Quite a few people used to believe that disaster_____ if a mirror was broken.
A. was sure of strikingB. was sure of having struck
B. C. was sure to be struck D. was sure to strike
(2002上海)87. Though______ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lackedB. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
(02上)88. Don't use words, expressions, or phrases_______ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known
(2002上海)89. ______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.
A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed
(2002春招)90. Prices of daily goods______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying
(2002上海春招)91. In some parts of London, missing a bus means______ for another hour.
A. waiting B. to wait C. waitD. to be waiting
(2002上海春招)92. When_____, the museum will he open to the public next year.
A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed
(2002北京)93--How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
--The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand _______ by the customers.
A. to solving; making B. to solving; made C. to solve; making D. to solve; made
(2002广东)94. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains______ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to seeB. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
(2002广东)95. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows______.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
(2002广东)96. The research is so designed that once______ nothing can be done to change it.
A. beginsB. having begun C. beginning D. begun
(全国)97. The teacher asked us______ so much noise.
A. don't make B. not make C. not making D. not to make
(2003全国)98. ______ time, he'll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given
(2003上海)99. The discovery of new evidence led to______.
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
(2003上海)100. Generally speaking, ______ according to directions, the drug has no side-effect.
A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
(2003上海)101. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered_______ clear warnings before firing any shots.
A. to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued
(2003上海)102. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars_______ road conditions need______.
A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving
(2003北京春招)103. --Why did you go back to the shop? --I left my friend______ there.
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. waits
(2003北京春招)104. The manager,______ his factory's products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training.
A. knowing B. knownC. to know D. being known
(2003北京春招)105. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _______ whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeingB. having seen C. to have seen D. to see
106. Don't be discouraged. ______ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.
A. TakingB. To take C. Take D. Taken
(2003上海春招)107. Friendship is like money: easier made than ____.
A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. being kept
(2003上海春招)108. ______the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.
A. The president will attend B. The president to attend
C. The president attendedD. The president's attending
(2003上海春招)109. Unless______ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invitedB. inviting C. being invited D. having invited
(2003上海春招)110. Site will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role______ in making the earth a better place to live.
A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing
(广东) 111.________ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
(2004天津) 112.Don't leave the water ________ while you brush your teeth.
A. runB. running C. being run D. to run
(2004浙江) 113.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M.
A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known
(04全国III) 114.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures________ in your mind instead of before your eyes.
A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed
(04全国II) 115. When first ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced
(04全国II) 116.“We can't go out in this weather,” said Bob, ________ out of the window.
A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked
(04全国IV) 117.It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ at the meeting by my boss.
A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned
(04全国IV) 118.Alice returned from the manager's office, ________ me that the boss wanted to see me at once.
A. having told B. tells C. to tellD. telling
(04辽宁) 119.I don't know whether you happen ________ , but I'm going to study in the U.S.A. this September.
A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard
(04江苏) 120.The old man, ________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.
A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked
(04北京)121.________ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited
(04福建)122.Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________ the exam.
A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing
(04辽宁)123.________ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted
(04上海)124.The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused
(04上海) 125.The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
(04上海) 126.The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded
(04上海)127.Having been attacked by terrorists, ________ .
A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed
C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists
(04全国III)128.Helen had to shout ________ above the sound of the music.
A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard
历年高考非谓语动词真题再现KEYS:
1. CBBDA 6.ACDCB 11. A/D CBAB 16. ABCCB 21. DABCA 26. BDBDA
3l. CA AAA 36. DABCA 41. DCAAC 46. ADBCC 51. AADCB 56. CACDC
61. BACDC/D 66. BCCCB 71.CCDDC 76.AABDB 81.CABCA 86.DCDCB
91.AABBC 96.DDDCB 101. AAAAD 106.CADAB 111C B B C B
116 A C D DD121. C. D. B. C B 126 A. B D
篇11：高考复习：动词短语
动词
1. act as“扮演，充当；起……作用”（后接人/物。接人时，常省冠词，但名词前有形容词，则要冠词）：He acts as manager in a company. Bonus acts as a stimulus to commerce.资金在商业中起着促进作用。 He acted as an excellent interpreter in the negotiation. act in“演出；在……中扮演角色”： In less than three months, Chaplin acted in 11films. He acted/played (the part of) general in a play.
2. add… to…“把……加到……上；把A与B相加；给……添加……”：He added the wood to the fire. Five added
to four makes nine. add to“增加，扩建”：This adds considerably to our difficulties.这一点在很大程度上增加了我们的困难。 add… up to“把从A到B中的所有数加起来”：1 added up to 100 makes 5050. add up to(=come to=total to= total up to)“总计；总括起来意味着”： The cost added up to 100 dollars. The evidence all adds up to a case of murder.所有的证据都说明这是一谋杀案。 add in“算入; 包括”：If you go on a picnic on the coming weekend, don’t forget to add me in. added to：对比：The wood added to a fire will soon disappear. The woods added to the beauty of our garden.
3. address … to…“把……寄给……；向……呈递”：He just addressed a letter to his friend. address sb“向……讲话；写信给……”： He addressed the newspaper editor.他给报社编辑写了信。 He addressed the audience in an eloquent speech. 他向听众发表了雄辩的演说。 address a talk to sb “向……讲话”：He addressed a talk to young people.
4. argue about; argue over “为……争吵/争论”（about为介词，over为副词）：I don’t want to argue about it any more. They argued the matter over for hours. （argue with sb）（同quarrel）
5. admire sb for sth“因……而钦佩某人”：I admire him for his bravery. He is admired for his capacity for work. ( thank; excuse ; praise; blame; respect; forgive; apologize to sb for等词也用同样的搭配) admire at“对……感到羡慕/惊奇”：We all admired at his sudden success.
6. advise doing sth/ sb to do sth“建议……做某事”( allow; permit; forbid; consider; feel; understand; can’t bear/stand等结构相同) （如它们自身为被动形式则后面只能接to do）：They strongly advised him to accept the offer. I advised people not to have hamburg. People are advised not to have hamburg. The doctor advised having the medicine twice a day. advise sb about/on sth“在……给某人提建议”： He advised me about the methods of how to learn English well. advise sb on sth/ how to do sth“在……给某人提建议” advise sb of sth “把……报告/通知某人”(ask; rob; remind; warn; inform等有相同搭配)：He advised the police of the accident in the Third Avenue. advise (sb) that he (should) do sth （其后的从句谓语要用(should)+动词原形）( order; suggest; move; demand; command; request; require; ask; decide; plan; take it for granted; in case; for fear; lest等有类似的虚拟语气用法)：He advised that we have a rest during the work. advise with sb. on/about sth.“同某人商量某事, 就某事请教某人”：We often advise with Tom on our study plans. （另：give advice提出忠告take/follow one's advice 接受忠告That's my advice to you. 这就是我给你出的主意。On his advice I am staying in bed.听他的劝告，我卧床休息。make/offer a suggestion提出建议）
7. agree on/ upon sth“（双方）在……上取得一致意见；通过（法律等）”： They agreed on a date for the next meeting. The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. agree with sth“同意、赞成、赞同（某人或某人的话/意见/观点/见解/解释等）； 与……一致； 适合”：I quite agree with you/ what you have said/ your ideas/ view. I don’t agree with your opinion. The verb doesn’t agree with the subject in number and person. The liquor did not agree with me. 这酒不适合我喝。 agree to sth“同意某人的建议/计划/安排/办法/意见”： The committee has agreed to your proposal. The terms have now been agreed to.那些条件已被接受。 agree to do sth （有时=agree on/upon doing sth）“同意/答应做某事”：They agreed to put off the ball games. We agreed how to try it.我们就怎样试行取得了一致的意见。 He agreed on taking the first bus. agree that“同意，答应”
8. ask for“要求，请求，找人”：They asked for a job. He sent us his book and asked for our criticism. Someone is asking for you.有人在找你。（另：ask for trouble自寻烦恼；自找麻烦； look for sb“找人”指寻找/寻觅某人，而ask for sb为“要见/想见某人”） ask sb for the answer;“找某人要答案”； ask (sb) for help“（向……）求助”； ask sb for sth“向某人要……”（=ask sth of sb）：He often asked them for criticism. look for sb; ask for trouble; ask sb to do sth“要某人做……”：Don’t ask me to leave my job.（另：ask after“问候(身体健康)/探问有关某的情况”：He often asks after you.）； ask leave“请假”； ask (sb) for 3 days’ leave“（向……）请三天假”；
9. attract/engage/ draw/ catch/ invite/call (one’s) attention (to/on)“吸引（某人的）注意”：The subject has lately attracted great attention. Her attention was attracted by a nice dress. （另：with attention留心地, 注意地；give/ devote (one's)attention to注意; 关心；pay attention to注意, 重视, 倾听； stand at attention【军】采取立正姿式； bring sth. to sb.'s attention使某人注意某事；Please give it your attention. 请对此多加关注；(May I) attention please, fellows!伙计们,请注意! Your suggestion has come to our attention.我们已经考虑了你的建议。）
10. be able to“能，会”：He is able to swim. （表示“经过努力达到目的”时不能用can）（表示将来的能力一般用shall/ will be able to） can（主语为物时或表示“许可、可能、可以”或请求/客观可能性时不能用be able to）对比：He tried hard and was able to swim across the river. John will be able to finish the work tomorrow. The machine can produce delicious bread. Could you please tell me the way to the station? Anybody can make mistakes.
11. be about to do“马上；就要；即将”（不表示按计划安排，不与表示将来的时间状语连用）：He was about to leave when it began to rain. The meeting is about to start. be to do“打算；必须；得；应该；可以；能”（主要相当于must, should） （①表示按计划安排要发生或打算要做的事：They are to leave Guilin for Nanning tomorrow. ②表示要求、命令、禁止、注定等意思：You are to do your homework in ink. You are not to speak in the reading-room. He was never to see his mother again. ③后接不定式的被动式，相当于can, may, should, must：He is often to be found in the library. The traffic regulations are to be observed.） be going to do“打算/准备做某事；按计划安排要发生的事；有迹象表明即将发生的事”：I’m not going to argue with you tonight.今天晚上我不打算和你争论。I think it’s going to rain. How long is he going to stay here? What are you going to do this afternoon? be doing（表示运动或瞬间的动词常用此形式表示将来）：When are you leaving for Beijing? will do （①事先没有安排打算的事：You will regret this. ②含有时间、条件、方式或让步状语从句的主句中要用此形式表示将来：When he comes here, I will/ shall let you know. Come what may, I will support you. ③作情态动词用，表示“愿意、决心”或表示一种规律或趋式：If you will listen to me, I am sure to give your more advice. Whenever it rains, he will stay at home.） does/do（①表示日历或时刻表上的将来动作或不会变更的计划常用现在时表示将来：This train leaves at 7. ②在时间、条件、方式及让步状语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来：Unless you study harder, you won’t pass the coming examinations.
12. be active in“在……方面积极”：He is active in classroom activities. China has also been very active in protecting the environment. （注：take an active part in积极参加）
13. be after“寻找，寻求；追捕，搜寻”：I know what you are after. We are not after anything.我们并追求什么。 The policeman is after the criminal. （另：run after追捕， 追求， 跟踪；go after追逐， 追求； name after按...命名；call after追喊， 以...命名；ask after探问，问候(身体健康)/探问有关某的情况；see after照顾，负责处理； look after目送, 寻求, 照顾, 关心）
14. be afraid of sth/ doing sth; be afraid to do sth “害怕，不敢，恐怕”（of doing/sth怕这一件事；to do怕这一事所产生的后果：He is not afraid of difficulties. He is afraid of lagging behind politically. She was afraid of being scolded by her mother. I’m afraid to tell her about the bad news. He is afraid to go out at night for he is afraid of being robbed.） be afraid (that)（与第一人称连用，往往表示不愿意或歉意，“恐怕、遗憾”：I’m afraid (that) I can’t go. --Would you like a swim? --I’m afraid I didn’t bring a swimming suit. Tom was afraid that he would be later again.）
15. be against“反对；违反；不利于”：Lincoln was against slavery. This is what we are firmly against. It is against law. Almost everything was against him. （反义：be for“赞成；主张”：Of five people, two were against the plan, while three were for it.） （另：go against反对， 违反， 不利于；go for去找， 努力获取， 被认为， 主张， 拥护；fight against, play against; against the wind；against the wall/ the wind; 但with the wind）
16. be/get angry with/ at/ about（接人常用with，有时用at；接物常用about，有时用at） be/ get cross（cross作形容词时指“脾气暴躁的；生气的”，如：Why are you cross with me?）
17. be anxious about for/ about（为……而忧愁/着急） be eager for（渴望）对比：We have been anxious about you. He is anxious about/for her safety. We are eager for his return. He is eager to join the League.
18. be bent“弯曲；变弯曲”： The stick is slightly bent. be bent on“一心想做某事”： He is fully bent on the project. My father is bent on buying a new car.
19. be busy doing sth; be busy with sth; be kept busy doing sth/ with sth“（使）忙于做某事”：He is busy doing his homework. They were busy (in) fighting drought. He is busy with/ about/ over / at his work. What have you been busy with/ about? He is busy in study. He has been kept busy writing his paper.
20. be born in/on/ at/ of/ to; be borne by; “生于”（毫无疑问只能用过去时） （be born of为“出生于……家庭”： He was born of a peasant family； be born to为“是谁所生、生而处于”：Two children were born to them; She was born to/ in the purple“她出身显贵。”； be borne by“生母是谁”： He was borne by an American mother） 21. be caught in the rain/ in a snowstorm/ a heavy downpour“遭遇雨/暴风雪/大雨”（类似：be trapped/ lost/ hurt/ bent/ devoted/ determined/ wounded/ interested等）
22. be careful doing/ to do/ of/ with/ in/ about; “小心，介意，注意”：You should be careful crossing the street. He was careful to adjust the machine. Be careful what you do/ where you / go/ how you do it. We have to be careful of/ about our health. He is very careful with his work. be not careful to do; be careful not to do;
23. be content to do sth; be content with sth“满足于”：He is content to live in a small house alone. We should not be content with such a small success.
24. be cross at sth; be cross with/ at sb“因……而生气”（类似：be/ get angry with/ about/ at）
25. be different from“与……不同/不一样”； tell the difference between; tell A from B“说出……的区别”； what’s the difference between… and…;“A与B的区别是什么”
25. be determined to do sth./ that-clause（状态，“下定决心，有决心”：For a long time he was/ has been determined to work in the countryside.）； determine to do（动作，“下决心”）
27. be eager to do sth/about sth/ for sth/ that-clause“渴望，急切于”（从句中用(should)+动词原形）：I am eager that you (should) arrive there before ten.
28. be familiar with“熟悉”（主语为人）：I am not familiar with European history. be familiar to“熟悉”（主语为物）：This song is not familiar to me.
30. be fond of; become/ get fond of“喜欢，爱好”(be fond of不用于否定句，否定改为like等：The dancer doesn’t like icecream.)
29. be famous for; be famous as; be known for/ as; be noted for/as; be popular with/among; be well-received by“因……而出名”“在……中出名”“受……欢迎”（注意介词用法）
31. be free from/ of“无……的；摆脱了……的”：This city is free from/ of thieves. They like to live in a village, free of crowds and noise. be free with“滥用……的，慷慨地给予……的”：He is free with his money. be free to do sth“自由/随意做……”：He was free to choose his own course. You’re free to leave at any time. for free“]免费地, 无偿地” set sb free“释放某人”
32. be full of; be filled with“充满”； fill A with B“把……装进……”：He then filled a cup with some of petrol.
33. be good at“擅长，在……方面做得好”（有时用in）：She is good at singing and dancing. be good for“对……有益”：Taking a walk after supper is good for our health. be good to“对……好/善良”：He is good to me. It’s good of/for sb to do sth“某人做……是很好的”：It is good of you to help me.
34. be happy about/ at sth“因……而高兴”：He is happy about his promotion. She was happy at the news.
35. be held prisoner(s)(前无冠词); be made/ taken prisoner(s)“被（当作囚犯）关押”
36. be late for“迟于规定做……的时间，赶不上做……”= come late to：He was late for our appointment . be late with“准备迟了”：Mother was late with the dinner so we were late for the film.
37. be in for“参加某活动；肯定会经历，注定要遭受”：Are you in for the competition? The day was really hot, obviously we were in for an uncomfortable day. She is in for a second disaster. （后两句可用be to do） 38. be honoured with the title of…/ in a number of ways/ as a hero“被授予……荣誉；受到……尊敬”：He was honored with the title of “Advanced Worker”. in honor of“向...表示敬意, 为祝贺...” in memory of纪念, 追念
39. be interested in“对……感兴趣” take/ have/ show (an) interest in; lose interest in; find interest in;
40. be known as; be known for; be known to“因……而出名”
41. sb/ sth is likely to do; it is likely/ possible/ probable that“有可能做……”（作为副词用时， likely前通常会有修饰性的词，如 very或 quite：He will quite likely require some help with his classes. They'll likely buy a new car this year.） as likely as not (=most [very] likely)“可能, 多半, 说不定” likely 系常用词, 指“从表面迹象来看很有可能”, 如:The likely out come of the contest varies from moment to moment.比赛结果可能每分钟都在变化。possible 指“由于有适当的条件和方法, 某事可能发生或做到”, 强调“客观上有可能”, 但常含有“实际希望很小”的意思, 如:It is possible to go to the moon now.现在有可能登上月球。probable 语气比 possible 强, 指“有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物, 带有‘大概’、‘很可能’”的意思, 如:l don't think the story is probable.
我觉得那故事不大可能。 且Likely常用to do句型，而possible及probable用that句型。
42. be/ got lost (in)“迷路；消失；丢失”：The boy ran out of the house and was lost in the dark. be lost in“全神贯注于； 沉湎于； 不胜...之至”； be lost on[upon]“对...不起作用, 不能引起...的注意”； be lost to“不再属于...所有; 对...无动于衷”
43. be of great value“很值钱”/ great help“很有帮助”/ an age“同年”/ age“成年”/ brick“用砖做的”/ three types“有三种式样”（be of“具有；属于”）
44. be made of/from/in /by/into/out of/up of; make sth from/ with/ out of; make sth of sb; consist of=be composed of; 44. be marked with“标一个……记号” / in“用什么工具来标记号”：Each stone was marked with a number. The language points are marked in red pencil.
46. be on“上演，演出” “（灯）亮着”：I s there anything good on? What’s on tonight? The light/ gas is still on. The strike was on. be on sale在售/ holiday在度假/ tour在旅行/ trial在受审/ the paper在报社工作（on加名词常表示“处于……状态，在从事”）
47. be pleased at/ about/with sth; be pleased with sb
48. be proud of; take/ have (a) pride in;
49. be/ get ready for; be ready to do sth
50. be related to“与……有关；跟……有亲戚关系”；=be connected with= have something to do with; relate to“有关；涉及；向某人陈述……；与……相处好”：He related to us the whole story. She doesn’t relate well to her mother.
48. be proud of; take/ have (a) pride in; “为……感到自豪/骄傲”
49. be/ get ready for; “为……做好准备” be ready to do sth “准备好做……；乐于做……”
50. be related to“与……有关；跟……有亲戚关系”；=be connected with= have something to do with; relate to“有关；涉及；向某人陈述……；与……相处好”：He related to us the whole story. She doesn’t relate well to her mother. 51. be respected as; “被当作……尊敬”
52. be rich/ high in;“盛产；含有丰富的；充满……的” be poor in; “在……方面差；缺乏”be low in;“缺乏” 53. be seated; sit; seat oneself“坐着；坐下”（表示状态） sit down“坐下”（表示动作）
54. be set in;“以……为背景，……发生在” set in“到来，开始， （疾病等）发生”
55. be so kind as/ kind enough to do“请……，劳驾……”
56. be supposed to do; be expected to do;“期望；认为必须/应该；认为……必要”
57. be sure;“确信；肯定；必定”be sure about/ of sth; “确信，自信” be sure of doing sth;“确信；自信” be sure to do sth;“肯定，必定”（用于祈使句，表“务必”） be sure (that); “认为……一定会”（不可用It is sure that句型，而用It is certain that） be certain;（含义与sure同）（作定语时，sure为“值得信赖的”，certain为“某一/些”） make sure“确定，确信，证实，弄清楚，查明，打听，询问”（后不接that从句，而接whether/if从句）
58. be tired of;=be fed up with=be sick of“厌烦，厌倦” be/get tired from/ with;“因……而疲倦” be tired out;=be worn out=give out=get/be exhausted“精疲力竭”
59. be uncertain about/ of; “对……不肯定；无把握”
60. be used to do;“被用来做……”（或用be used for (doing) sth） be/get used to (doing) sth;“习惯于；养成……习惯”used to do;（作谓语，“过去做[而现在不做了]，此时would只表反复性、主观性； 作其它成分，“被用来”） used to (doing) sth;（不做谓语，“习惯于” (be) used for; “被用来做……”
61. be worth doing/ sth; be worthy to be done; be worthy of being done; be worthy of sth; deserve to be done; deserve doing; It is worthy doing/(for sb) to do sth; ten dollars' worth of natural gas; wanted their money's worth; a person of great worth. （注：状语用well, quite等，不用very, very much等，定语用great/ little/ much/ actual等，不可用very）
63. because of; because; due to; owing to; thanks to; on account of; as a result of; “因为”（注意介词与连词的区别）
62. beat… to death;“把……死；打得致死” be kicked/ crushed/ burned/ frightened to death;“被踢/压/烧/吓死” put … to death;“杀死，处死” sentence … to death“判……死刑”
64. become/be experienced in/ at;“在……方面有经验”（作“经历，阅历”为可数名词，作“经验，体会”为不可数名词，另：through/ by experience“凭经验”）
65. become of “遭遇，使发生”(eg. What will become of the child if his father dies? Whatever has become of my umbrella? I can’t find it anywhere.)
66. beg one’s pardon; excuse me; I’m sorry“对不起，请原谅”（pardon为“没听清请重复；无意碰撞而道歉”excuse“打扰某人而用的开场语”sorry为做了错事而道歉）
67. begin/ start with;“以……开始，以……为起点” to begin/ start with;“（作状语用）首先”= first of all
68. believe in;“信任；信赖；主张；觉得”（He believes in keeping early hours他主张早睡早起） believe;（后接sb时表“相信某人的话”；后接sth或从句时表“认为”I believe his answer is right.） trust“信任, 信赖, 盼望, 希望, 赊卖, 热望, 切望”trust in “信任, 信赖”
69. belong to（无被动无进行）“属于；是……的成员”（后不可接“谁的”）
70. blow away;“吹走，刮走”（away为副词） blow over/ down;“（风暴等）过去/散掉；把……刮倒”（The dark clouds will soon blow over乌云不久就会散去）
71. build up;“建立，设立，加强；增强（体质等）” build“修建，建立”（常和house, road, bridge,hope, socialism等词连用；build up含有“逐步建立，逐步建设，创建”之意，有时两者可换用：They have build/ build up the industry of their own.）
72. break away (from);“（与……）脱离，离开” break down ( break down into);“损坏，垮掉，失败；分解，分成（若干部分）”（作不及物时，表示“[机器等]损坏，[身体]垮掉，[计划等]失败”，作及物时，表“分解，分成[若干部分]）（bring [sth] into…“[把……]分解成……”） break up (break up into);①“分解”（down为向下，up为向四周或向上）②“结束，散会，打碎，破碎” break into;“破门而入，闯入，突然开始”（后者=burst into, burst out） （后不接宾语时用break in(burst in)） break off;“打断，折断，突然停止” break out( burst out; burst into);“爆发，发生”（为不及物） break/violate the law (keep/ obey the law);“违反” break the rule(s) (keep/obey the rule); break with“与...绝交, 结束”； break through.“突围, 突破”；
73. burn down;“把……烧成平地，烧光” burn out;“烧完，烧坏，熄灭” burn up;“烧掉/毁；消耗”burn to the ground; “烧成平地”
74. bring about ( cause; lead to);“引起，造成，带来……后果” bring along; bring around.使信服, 使复苏；(take along) bring back (remind sb of=bring back sth to one’s mind); “带回来，使回忆”bring down (go down);“使倒/落下，推翻，使下降” bring forward“提出, 提前, 显示”； bring to“使恢复知觉”； bring in (introduce; get in; gather); “带进，引入，挣得，得到，加进，插进来，收（庄稼）”bring… into…;“使处于……状态，使卷入”（ The two countries were brought into war.） bring on; “使发生，引起，使发展，使前进” bring out; (come out; publish); “拿出，取出，使显出，使表现清楚，出版，推出[作品]）（The meaning of this word is brought out very clearly in the next paragraph.）bring … to an end/ a close (come to an end/ a close); “使……结束，使……停止”bring (…) to light (uncover);“揭露，暴露，揭示，使了解到” bring through.”救活”; bring up (raise);“提起；提出，抚养，培养；呕/咳出；使突然停止，急停”（He brought the car up short when the light changed to red.） bring with= carry/take… about/ with “随身带”(have … about/ on/ with“身边有，手头有”); bring sth into being.使形成；bring sb under镇压； bring together使集合;（gather, get together）
75. carve into; (divide into) “把……雕成，把……划分为”
76. burst into laughter/ laughing突然哈哈大笑，捧腹大笑/ tears大哭/ applause爆发出一片掌声/ cheers发出欢呼声/ flames突然起火/ fame突然出名/ a storm of abuse破口大骂; burst out;（后接to do）
77. call at; “访问某地，（车、船）停靠”call by顺道访问； call on/ upon;“访问/探望某人” call on sb to do sth; “呼吁某人做”call in;“到某地访问”“请某人来，叫进来/去；命令收回/撤回”：The librarian called in all the books. ( visit; pay a visit to; pay/make a call to; drop in on/at; look in on/at; drop by; & send for); call away;“把……叫到别处去，请去（出诊）” call back;“把……叫回来，回电话”( ring back; phone back); call for;“要求，需要；到某地约某人；去取/拿” (pick up) call forth“产生，引起，使起作用” (cause; effect; bring about; lead to); call off;“喊走，叫……走开，取消” call out; “叫喊，大声说出，召唤/命令……行动”call up (ring up; phone; make sb a call/phone); “给某人打电话”
78. carry away; (smooth away;)“拿走，搬走，抢走，冲走” carry forward;“推进，使前进，发扬” carry off; “夺走，抢走，获得（锦标）”；carry on (有时接with);“进行，继续进行” carry out; “开展，执行，实现”carry… out of;“把……抬出去” carry through; “进行到底，完成” carry sth. through to the end把某事做到底； carry sth about随身携带； carry sb in one’s arm；“抱着某人” carry sth too far;（做……）过度 carry all/ everything before one/it获巨大成功，势如破竹，所向无乱
79. catch back运回, 拿回, 使回忆起；catch fire;“着火” (set fire to …; set … on fire; be on fire; make a fire; put out a fire; light a fire); catch sb doing sth;“看/碰见某人做某事，某人在做某事时抓住他” catch up.追上, 吸住；catch up with (keep up with) (fall/ lag behind); “赶上，不落在……后面” catch (a) cold.感冒； catch at想抓住, 渴望获得； catch on抓牢, 理解, 流行；
80. check out; “检查，查明；（从旅馆、商店等）结帐离开，办妥手续离去”(check up [on]“检查，核对”强调查明真相，核对是否符合事实； make sure; see; find out)
81. change for;“把……换成，换车前往某处” change into;(turn into);“变化，变成，使……变成，兑换成” change one’s mind; “改变主意”(make up one’s mind); change … with…;(exchange … with…)“与……交换……”
82. clear away; “把……清除，收拾走，消失，消散”=blow over; clear up;“整理好，收拾好，晴朗起来” (与tidy up意思相仿，clear着重“清理，清除”，tidy着重“整洁，整齐”)
83. close down;“关门，关闭，倒闭” close to;“接近于，在近处”（close为形容词，to为介词） close with; “以……结束……”(end [up] with)
84. come about;(happen);“发生，产生”（不及物） come across;（不及物表“从一边走到另一边”；及物时表“碰见” (run across; come upon; meet; meet with; happen to see; chance to see); come after跟着...来, 跟在...后面; come along;“一道走，跟……去；赶快，加一把劲（用于祈使句）；（农作物、工作等）进展顺利” come on“快来吧，（风雨等）到来，开始，进展，长势” ;come back.回来, 在记忆中重现, 复原, 恢复, 反驳; come by从旁走过, 得到，取得,经过; come down下来, 倒塌, 没落, 病倒, 捐钱, 流传下来, 垂下; come forth出现, 涌现, 被公布; come from.来自, 出生于来自,出身于; come in.进来, 到达终点, 流行起来, 当选, (钱)到手; come on突然产生, 要求, 成为...负担, 偶遇, 跟着来, 开始, 出台, 上演,快点,赶快; come into being/existence; “出现，存在，形成，成立，诞生”come off;“脱落，褪色，（计划等）成功，获胜” come out;“出来，长出，结果为，洗掉，褪色” come out of;“从……出来，有……结果” come over;“过来，来访，突然掠过，产生”：A look of disappointment came over his face.“他脸上显出失望的样子” come round/ around;“前来，来访，重又来到，改变看/想法；恢复知觉，复原” come through经历, 脱险, 传出, 捐助，经历,成功； come to (oneself);“苏醒，恢复知觉，到来；到达，总数是，谈到，说到” come/ get to do; come to an end/ a close; (bring … to an end/ a close); “结束”come to light;“显露出来，暴露出来” (bring.. to light); come/become true;“（预言、期望等）实现，变为现实” come up;“抬头，上来；发生，（问题等）出现” come up to;“达到（高度、程度等） (reach up to; reach to);
85. compare notes;“对笔记，交换意见” (make/ take notes; & take notice of; attract one’s notice; until further notice); compare … to…; (compare… with…; compared to/ with)“把……比作，喻为”（with指“把……和……比较，与……相匹敌”，但它们的过去分词短语作状语时无区别）
86. congratulate sb on sth (congratulations to sb on sth) “因某事祝贺某人“
87. connect … to…; (connect … with…; connect with…; join… to…) “连接，相连，把……接到……上”（表“与……有关/有联系时”一般用be connected with，而connect with表“相连，相通，衔接”：This street connects with that one. The two rooms connect with each other.）
88. cross out/ off; “删去，划掉”(leave out省略，漏掉)
89. consider… as…; (consider… to be…; consider sb/ sth …; regard … as…; look on/upon … as…; think of … as…; think … (to be) …; see … as…; treat/ love/ respect/ admire… as)“把……看作，认为……是……”
90. cry out for; “哭喊着要；迫切需要”(cry out)
91. continue doing/ to do sth/ sth; (go on; keep; keep on;) “继续做某事”
92. cover the events; “报道那些事情”
93. dive off; “从……往下跳水”dive into“跳入水中，潜入水里”
94. cut down;“砍倒，砍下，削减，缩短，降低” (cut off;“切掉，割掉，切断[水、电等]”； cut up“切碎，切开，切成几块”); cut … into…; “把……切割成，把……刻入”(cut into;“切入，割入” cut in“插话”); cut through; “穿过，切断，凿穿”
95. deal with;“处理，解决，对付，对待，与……打交道，涉及，关于，与……做买卖” (do with); deal in;“做买卖”（后接具体买卖的商品）
96. date back (to);“追溯到” date from;“追溯到；” be dated from“注明日期从……发出”另：I received your letter dated Sep. 1./ dated from Nanning.
97. divide … into..; divide into;“（把……）分成，分为” divide up;“分配，分掉” (separate into);
98. depend on/ upon; (rely on/ upon; lie on); “依靠，依赖，相信，依赖，靠……决定，得看”depend on sb to do/ one’s doing/ for sth“得看，靠……决定”
99. dip into;(look through)“把……浸入，随便翻阅，浏览”
100. devote … to…;“将……献给，把……用于，献身于，致力于” be devoted to…; “献身于，致力于”(lose one’s life for; give up one’s life to);
101. dream of= dream about;“向往，渴望，做梦，梦见”
102. die of; 死于（饥寒，生老病死，喜怒哀乐）die from;死于（不卫生，不注意） die by;死于（暴力，工具，手段，方式） die with;死于（情感）( be dying for/ to do;渴望 be dead); die out;“熄灭，灭绝” (go out; put out; turn off; switch off)
103. do a good deed (for sb) “做件好事”=do a good thing/ action/ turn; do research in/ into/ to;“对……进行研究”(make a study of) (carry out research into; conduct researches into; make researches on; do some research on/about); do a word puzzle;“猜字迷” do away with; (get rid of); “结束，去掉”“消灭，摆脱，除掉”do computer studies/ physics/ the kitchen/ one’s hair/ the repairs/ business);“学习……，做……” do harm to sb/ sth; do sb/ sth harm; “对……有害处，损害某人/某物理学”(good; do sb a favor; do a favor for sb); (be good to sb; it is good of sb to do…); do one’s best to do (try one’s best to do; do what one can to do; do everything (that) one can to do; do all (that) one can to do; do anything (that) one can to do); “尽力做……”工do sb a favor;( do sb a kindness，give sb a hand);“给某人以恩惠，帮某人的忙” do some/much/little/ one’s washing/ listening/ reading/ running/ shopping/ typing/ the cooking;“做……”（-ing为不可数） do the deed;“付诸行动，生效” (do business; do good; do damage); do … to..;“对……做出……” (eg. Don’t be afraid; they won’t do anything to you. Kunta wondered why the white people had done this to him. What are you doing to that picture?); do up;“把（衣服、鞋子等）扣/系好；收拾，整理，装饰，打扮”=make up; do well (in);“（在……方面）做得好/干得好； do with; “凑合着用，有……就够了”（与can, could连用，表示“想要，需要”；与what连用表“安排，处理”； have done with表示“不再干……，与……不往来”：I have done with painting.我不再画画了。） have … to do with; “与……有关/联系”do without;“不需要，没有……也行” do wrong; “做错事/坏事，犯罪，违法” do sb wrong/ do wrong to sb;“冤屈某人，迫害某人” do’s and don’ts;“要与不要” (Don’t use so many but’s. Mind your P’s and Q’s. ); do right做得对; do/carry out/perform/make/ conduct/try experimets (on/upon对比：with); do with利用, 忍受, 需要, 乐意做; do a poem作诗；do the bed/the table/the room/ the dishes/one’s hair收拾；what to do( how to deal) with; How do you do? (How are you?)
104. drink to…; “为……祝酒，为……干杯”=to one’s health/ the health of sb/ health to sb/ our friendship
105. dress oneself as;“把自己打扮成……”=be dressed as=dress oneself like/ be dressed like; ( put on; pull on; have on; wear; be in; try on; fit on; try out“试验, 考验, 提炼”)
106. drop in （on/ at）=call in=look in“顺便走访，串门”
107. earn/ get/ gain/ make one’s living(or: a living) by doing sth (or: as a teacher, ect.) “（以……手段/方式/工作）谋生，自食其力”
108. eat up; “吃光，吃完；耗尽，用光”(use up; run out; run out of; go through; run down)
109. end up“结束，告终” end (up ) with;=close with= end in“以……结束，以……告终” (begin with);
110. enjoy oneself; =have a good/ nice time“玩得痛快，过得快活” enjoy doing
111. fail in“在……方面失败，缺乏” fail to do sth “未能做某事”（有时=fail in doing sth）
112. exist in“存在于”= lie in exist on/ by“靠……生活” come into existence/being
113. express oneself“表达自己的思想，发表自己的观点” express one’s satisfaction with …“对……表示满意”
114. fall asleep“睡着” fall ill/ sick“生病”=get/ become ill/ sick≈ be ill; fall into/ to ruin(s)“毁灭，崩溃”=go into/ to ruins fall off“掉落，（质量）下降，（数量）减少” fall down“跌倒，倒塌下来” fall in“集合，倒塌” fall into“落入, 陷于(混乱,错误等), 注入, 开始, 分成, 属于” fall over=trip over“跌倒，从……跌落，倒塌” fall to pieces“烂成碎片，垮台，崩溃，瓦解”
115. feed on“以……为食物，以……为能源”（一般不用于人）≈live on/ upon（常用以指人） feed … on/ with; feed … to …“给……喂……”
116. feel like doing/sth“想要（做）……” like to do/ doing“喜欢做……” would like to do“想做……”
117. fight against与…战斗； fight with同…战斗； fight for为…而战；fight off击退；fight up勇敢战斗；fight back回击；fight on继续战斗；fight it out决一雌雄
118. find one’s way找到路径; ( push/ wind one’s way to); find out查明，了解，发现; (check; see; make sure); (find; discover); find oneself自我感受； find satisfaction得到满足；find support得到支持；find a mistake发现错误；find the answer to找到…的答案；find enjoyment in在…中获得快乐；find expression in在…中表现出来； find sb in/ out发现某人在家/不在
119. fix a /the date/ time for…“确定……日期/时间”=set a date for; make a date for…“约定会面日期为”≈make it …（可接时间及地点） fix up“安装，修理好，安顿，照应；安排，搭起，固定”
120. force open“强行打开，撞开”
121. forget to do/ doing; (remember; regret)（to do为“忘了要去做”，not to do“忘了不要去做”，doing“忘记曾做过”，not doing“忘记还没有做”）
122. glance at“看一下，瞥一眼” glance over“回头看，浏览，匆匆看完”“从……上方看”
123. grow rich on“靠……致富” ( run on; depend on; rely on); grow up“成长，长大” (grown-up)
124. had better (not) do“最好做”
125. get along/ on well with与…相处；进展，过活； get along生活, 融洽相处, 进展, 有起色；走开，离开 get on上车/船/飞机； 生活, 融洽相处, 进展, (使)前进, <口>赶快, 发迹, 进展；穿上 get away“跑掉，逃脱；离开” get away from“摆脱，避免” get away with “偷走，拿走，与……一道离开”get back返回；回来，找回，取回 get/ live/ be/ sit close to“接近，靠近” get down降下，下车； get down to sth/ doing着手/开始做；认真做某事=set out to do=set about doing； get to到达； get to do开始，逐渐，终于（get to know认识）=come to do； get/ catch hold of“拿到，抓住” get in“进站，进去，回来，收回来，请来，收割（庄稼）；收集”=call in； get in touch (again) with与…取得联系； (be/ keep in touch with; lose touch with); get in one’s/ the way碍事，挡道； get into进入，陷入； get into/ form/ acquire/ fall into/pick up the habit of形成…习惯； (have a habit of; break off/ give up the habit of)； get/ be married“结婚”≈marry sb； get off下车，脱下； =take off; get out“拔出，取掉，传出去，漏出（煤气等） get over爬过，克服； （从疾病中）恢复过来；=covercome; get through“（电话）接通，（考试）及格，（方案）通过，做完（工作），通过（考试）” =put through； get together聚集，聚会，联欢； (get-together); get up起床,，站起来，举办，安排，打扮； get about/round/ around消息传开（get about还有“走动”之意）; get ahead (of)有进展，胜过，提前； get close to接近；get there到那里，成功；get above oneself变得自高自大；get out of hand失控；get home/here/there到家/这里/那里；
126. give a talk演讲，做报告； (give a cry/ a jump/ a kiss/ a song/ a comparison/ a kick踢某人一脚; have a talk); give (sb some) advice（给某人一些）忠告； (take/ accept/ follow one’s advice; ask for one’s advice); give away赠送，泄露（秘密），暴露（真相），背弃，出卖； give a concert举行音乐会；give a lesson/ lessons讲课，授课； give sb a hand帮助；give an example/examples举例；give an order/ orders发出命令； give a loud laugh在笑一声； give back归还，送还； (return); give birth to“生小孩” (bear; have a baby/ child; bring … into the world); give in (to sb)（向某人）屈服，让步，投降；交上去，递交；=hand in= turn in; give up放弃，停止，让给，献出； give medical care to sb“治疗护理某人” give off发出（气体、光等）； ( send out); (give out发出[光、声音、气味等]，分发，用尽，耗尽)(hand out)； give one’s life to/ for为……而献身； give/send one’s regards to sb“转达问候” (remember me to sb; say hi/ hello/ goodbye to sb for/ from…; ); give way“撤退，后退，让步，退让，退位，让路”
127. go against反对，不利于； (be against); go ahead“先走，进行；进展；（用于祈使句）干吧，玩吧，开始吧” go along (with)“前进，向前走，与……一道去” go away离开，走开，逃走，离家外出，外出度假； (get away); go back回去；go back to“回到，追溯到”=date back to= date from； go/ become/ get/ turn bad变坏，坏掉； (go sour/mad/ wrong/ dry/ wild/ hungry); go by经过，过去；（时间）消逝，遵照，按照； (pass; pass by); go fishing/ sight-seeing/ outing/ hunting/ skiing/ skating/ shooting/ boating/ sailing/ dancing/ farming/ teaching/ shopping“去做运动/游戏/从事某工作/去逛商店” go down下去，下沉； go down/ fall/ drop/ sink on one’s knees“跪下”=kneel down； go/ walk (some/ any/ no) further“往前走，更多地给，进一步地做/说” go in (for)参加（比赛）；喜欢（业余活动），从事（某事业或活动）； (take part in;) go into“进入；研究，讨论” (make a study of); go off“走开，动身，出发，（电流）停止，（枪炮）放响，进行得，开展” (leave; set off/out; start off/ out); go on doing/ to do/ with sth“继续下去；继续前进，发生，进行，（时间）过去，消失” (go by) (continue; keep doing/ on doing/ at sth); go on a trip/a picnic去旅行/野餐 (make a trip); go out熄灭，出去；过时，不流行 (put out; turn off; shut off); go over检查，复习；审阅；越过，渡过，到另一边 (review); (go through); go through“走过，经过，仔细检查，审阅” (go through with“做完，完成，干到底”); go to rest“去睡觉，就寝” (go to one’s rest“安息，长眠”); (come to rest“停下来”); go up“上涨，涨价，增长，提高，上去，上楼” (bring up); go up to“到较高处；上……去” go with“伴随，和……一起，与……相配” go without“随身不带……就走了，没有……也行，没有……将就对付，没有（吃、穿等）” go without saying“不用说， 不成问题，不言而喻” go out for a walk去散步；go home回家；go to bed上床，去睡； go ahead用吧，尽管去做；go into进入，参加；go together协调，相配；go all-out/ all out for sth/to do sth拼命干，尽力做； go all the way完全同意； go back on one’s words食言，违背诺言，说话不算话；
128. hand down“传下来；传递” (pass… down; come down); hand in hand“手拉手，联合，并进” hand out“分发，散发” hand over“交给，移交”
129. happen to do“恰巧，碰巧” sth happens to sb“（偶然）发生或遭到（某种情况，尤指不幸的事）” (chance to do) take place“发生”（指预安排好要发生的事）
130. have a gift (for doing/ sth/ to do)“在……方面有天赋/才能” have a seat请坐/ a look看一下/ a test测验/ a walk散步/ a meeting开会/ a haircut理发/ an interview会见/ a fever发烧/ a cough咳嗽/ a talk with与……谈一谈 (take a seat); have a word with; (have words with与……吵架); have an effect on/ upon“对……产生影响，对……起作用” (affect); have been to“去过，到过，来过” (have been in; have gone to); have difficulty/ problem/ trouble with sth/ (in) doing sth“在……方面有困难” (have a … time/ fun in doing); won’t have … doing sth“不允许某人做……” have (got) to do“不得不，必须，一定要” (must); have mercy on/ upon sb; (show mercy to sb; have/ take pity on/ upon sb; feel pity for sb)“对……表示同情/怜悯” have no idea/ an idea about/ that“（不）知道” have … on; “穿着，有事，有约会”( put on; pull on; dress; wear; be in)； have… one’s (own) way“按照自己的意思办，随心所欲”：All right, have it your own way.“好吧，就按你的意思办吧”； have/get … done“让别人做……；（有时可指主语参与完成或解决某事）遭遇到对主语不利的意外事件或事故” ( have … to do/ to be done/ doing/ do); have the surprise of one’s life“大为吃惊”( have a big surprise); have something/ nothing/ much/ little to do with“与……有关系” (be connected with; be related to);
131. head for“（使）朝……前进，（使）走向”
132. hear about“听说，听到” (hear of; hear sth/ sb; hear that); hear from“收到……来信；从……听到”
133. help one(self) to“自用（食物等），拿……给某人吃/喝” help (sb) out (of)“帮助某人摆脱困难或解决问题” help with help sb with sth= help sb in doing=help sb to do sth “帮助做某事”
134. hold a meeting with sb“与……举行会唔，与……碰头”=have a meeting with sb；hold back“阻止，阴挡，控制” (keep back); hold on“（打电话）不挂上，继续下去” (hang on; ring off; hand up; ring up); hold one’s breath“屏住气，不出声” hold out“伸出，坚持，维持” hold up“抬/举起，支撑，阻止，使停顿”
135. judge by/ from“根据……作出判断”
136. invite sb to sth/ to do sth“（邀）请某人”
137. join in“参加，加入” (take part in; go in for) ( join sb/ a club/ the Party/ a game); join … to…把……与……连起来； join up“联合起来，把……连接起来” (connect; link)
138. keep/ make a record/ records (of)“作记录，把……记下来” (break/ beat a record; create/ set a new record; hold a record); keep ( a certain distance) away (from)“不靠近，离开” keep back“扣下（不付），隐瞒，阻止” (hold back); keep fit“保持健康” (be fit for/ to do “胜任，对……适合” fit sb“某物适合某人” fit on“试穿” keep-fit为形容词，“保健的”); keep from“避开，抑制，阻止” (keep … from doing; stop/ prevent … (from) doing; keep… doing); keep/ have … in mind“记住，想着” (learn … by heart); keep in time (with)“（使）合拍子” keep off“离/让开，不接近” keep (on) doing; ( keep on at sth); (go on doing/ to do/ with sth) (continue to do /doing/ sth)“继续做某事” keep one’s promise/ words“遵守诺言”/one’s balance“保持身体平衡，保持镇定”；(lose one’s balance) (break one’s promise; eat one’s words); keep out“不使入内，留在外面” keep out of“置于……之外，不卷入” keep up“保持，维持，继续” (hold out);
139. knock down“击倒，撞倒，拆除” (pull down); knock into“碰撞，不期而遇” (run across; come across/ upon); knock out“击倒，打败，敲出来”knock out of“把……从……敲出来，敲掉”
140. lay eggs产卵/ a foundation奠定基础； lay/ set the table“摆桌子” (clear the table清理桌子);
141. know about/ of“知道……情况，听说过” (know sb/ sth);
142 lead/live a(n)…life“过着……生活” (eg: live a simple (way of) life ); lead into“通入，把……引进” lead to“通向，引起，导致“ lead up to“（向上）一路通到，把……领向，导致” lead sb in (the )doing (of) sth;
143. laugh at“嘲笑，取笑” laugh over“因……而发笑”
144. learn about“了解到，听到” (learn of; learn); learn/ get … by heart; (keep … in mind)“背熟，记熟”
145. leave off“停止，中断” leave out“漏掉，省去” leave for“动身到……” ( leave; go off to; start off/ out; set off/ out);
146. lie in“在于”; lie to sb“对……说谎”
147. like sb to do sth“像……做的”（like为形容词，用于It is like sb to do sth）：It was like him to do that.“像他这样的人才会干那种事” like to do; like doing; would like (sb) to do sth;
148. lend sb sth= lend sth to sb“把……借给某人” (borrow sth from sb; keep sth);
149. live on/ by“靠……过日子” (feed on)
150. let in/ out“让……进来/出去”;
151. listen to“听，倾听，听取，听信” listen in“听广播，窃听（电话）” listen for“用心去听，听着等待” (hear) 152. look after“照顾，照管” (care for; tend; take care of; attend; see to);look around/ round/ about“环顾，往四下看，观光，游览” look at“（注意）看，朝……看；看待，考虑”：He always looks at things in isolation.“他总是孤立地看问题”。He looks at life differently from us.“他对人生的看法和我们不同”。 look back at“回头看” look back on/ upon/ over“回顾，回忆” look down at“往下看，俯瞰” look down on/ upon=think little of“轻视，看不起” look for“寻找，期待” (search; search for; find; find out); look forward to“盼望，期望” look forward at“朝前看” look into“朝……里看，检查，调查，研究，观察” look like“看起来好像” (feel like) (be like); look on/ upon … as“把……看作” (见consider … as); look out (for/ that)“注意，当心，留神，找出来” ( watch out; be care; take care); look over“从上面看过去，审查，检查，翻阅” look over one’s shoulder“回头看” look through“透过……看去，看穿，识破，仔细检查，审阅” look up“向上看，查阅，审阅” look up at“仰视”/ to“尊敬”“重视”
153. lose heart“灰心” (lose one’s heart to sb爱上某人); lose one’s life (for)“（因/为……）而丧生，送命” lose one’s sight“失明” (lose sight of“不再看见，得不到音讯”); lose one’s voice“嗓子哑” lose weight“减轻体重” (put on weight增加体重);
154. manage to do sth“成功地做到；设法得到” =succeed in doing sth (try to do sth“努力做，尽力做，企图做，想做”)
155. make a decision“作出决定”/ an effort作出努力/a record of把……记下来/ a speech作演讲/ an agreement with与……达成协议/ agreements with/ a fire生火/ wa开战r/ a plan for制订……计划/ some calculations作出一些估计/ a comparison做比较/ a living谋生/ a trip作一次旅行/ a noise发出响声，叫喊 make/ fix an appointment (with sb)约会 (make a date with sb与情人约会); make do (with/ without)“将就着使用，凑和着对付过去” make (both) ends meet“收支相抵，量入为出” make / have enemies“树敌” (make an enemy of使……成为敌人); (make friends); make for(尤指匆匆地)走向, 有利于, 倾向于, 导致,向前进,有助于：Money doesn’t always make for happiness.“金钱不一定带来幸福”; (head for); make fun of取笑，嘲笑，和……开玩笑 (laugh at; play a joke on); make/ earn/ gain (some/ much/ a lot/ big) money“赚钱，发财”（earn one’s bread/living谋生） make/ take notes/ a note“记笔记” (make/ take a note of把……记录下来); make/ push/ wind/ shoulder one’s way to“向……走去” make oneself known to sb“向……自我介绍” (make oneself understood/ heard/ seen); make out“辨认出来，看清楚，理解，明白” (recognize); make plans for“为……作计划” make (great/ rapid progress/ advance (in)“（在……方面）进步，取得进展” make (much, some, any, no) sense讲得通，有意义；合乎情理；make sure (of/ about/ that)“确保，务必，弄明白” (find out; see, check; be sure); make … to one’s measure“照……的尺寸做” make up“组成，占，编造，编写，弥补” (be made up of); make up one’s mind(s) (to do/ 从句)“下决心，决定” (decide); make (full/ good/better/ the best) use of“利用，使用”
156. mean to do sth“打算做……，意欲” (mean doing意味着); (go on; stop; try; want; require; need; deserve; learn; forget; remember; regret);
157. move on“继续移动，把……往前移”
158. obey/keep/ observe/ follow the rules/ the law“遵守” (break the rules);
159. offer to do sth“（主动）提出做……” offer sb sth“（主动）拿给/给予”（其后不能用give/spare等词）
160. ought to do“应当，应该” (should do; be supposed to do; be expected to do);
161. persist in (bad habit)“坚持”（指行动，时表固执已见） (insist on“坚持; 坚决主张; 一定要，强调”，指意见，主张； stick to“坚持，固守保持坚定、确定或决定”，指原则，计划，诺言，决定，意见等。)：He always sticks to his promise. They insisted on leaving that day. She persists in her sparetime studies.
162. pass away“逝世，去世，消逝，过去，度过，消磨（时间）” pass by“经过，走过” (go by); pass down“沿着……向前走；把……传递下来” (come down);
163. open up“打开，开张，开发，开辟，开设，开办”
164. pay a visit to“拜访，访问”(make/ pay a call to, visit, call on/at, call in, look in on/ at, drop in on/at) pay attention to“注意” pay back“偿还，报复” pay off“还清，付掉” pay the/ a bill/ bills“付费用”
165. persuade sb to do sth/ into doing sth“说服……做……” (advise sb to do sth; try to persuade;)
166. pick out“挑选，拣出” pick up掘地, 捡起, 轻易/花小钱获得, 使恢复精神, 加快, 看到, 随便地认识, 加速，收听/看，接（人），装（货）；
167. plan for sth/ to do sth“打算，为……作计划”=make a plan for/ to do
168. point at/ to (come to/ at)“指着，用……指着/对着/瞄准”（at含恶意，to=towards只表方向） point out“指明，指出”
169. play a part/ role (in/of)“（在……中）扮演一个角色，（在……中）起作用” (act a part in/ of); play a trick on sb“欺骗/捉弄……，开某人的玩笑”play games“做游戏，闹着玩” play a / the game of“做……游戏，打一场……球赛” play the piano/ the violin演奏（一种乐器） play basketball/ football/ chess/ cards“打球/下棋/玩牌）
170. prefer sth to sth= prefer to do rather than do=prefer doing to doing=(would rather do than do= would do rather than do“宁愿……不愿……”（注：这两词后的从句要用虚拟语气）
171. prepare for“为……作好准备，使……有准备，把……准备好”=make preparations for=prepare sb for（prepare为直接作准备，而for为准备去参加……） be prepared for“作好心理准备”（准备有……情况，防备某种情况） be/ get ready for（强调准备就绪，指结果）
172. press (against) my foot“挤，挤压”
173. pretend to do sth“假装做……” pretend to sth“自称有……”：He pretended to great learning.
174. pull down“拉倒，拆掉（房屋等）” pull out“把……分开，拉出，拨出” push over“把……推/挤倒，把……推到一边”push one’s way to“朝……挤去”
175. provide … with…“为……提供，供给……” (provide … to/for… )
176. quarrel with sb about/ for/ over sth“因……与某人争吵”
177. put away“收拾起来，放好” put back“放回原处，推迟，延期”（后义与put off同） put down“放下，记下来” put in prison“把……投入监狱” put in/ into order“整理，把……按顺序排好” put … into…“把……放进……，把……翻译成” put off“推迟，拖延，关上（灯、电视机等）” put on“穿上，戴上，上演，演出” put out“熄灭，扑灭，伸出，放出” put sb to (the) trouble (of doing sth)“麻烦某人”=give sb trouble= give trouble to sb ; put up“举起来，抬起，张贴，盖起，修建， 进行, 提供, 表现出, 提名, 推举”
178. reach out (for)“伸出（手、树枝等） reach up“抬起（手、足等）” reach (up to)“达到”
179. read out“（放声）读出，念出来” read over“看一遍” read through“看完，从头至尾读/看一遍”
180. reason with sb“与某人评理，劝告”
181. recognize … as“认出，辨认出（某人身份）” (recognize that);
182. refer to“指的是，指……而言；参考，查阅；提到，提及” refer to … as“把……称作”
183. remind sb of sth“使某人想起某事/某人” (类似：warn; rob; advise; inform); (remind … about“提醒……某事”，有时可用of代about：In case I forget, please remind me about it.);
184. save one’s life“救……的命”
185. ring off“挂断电话，停止谈话，走掉，离开”=hang off/ up（对比hold on）; ring up“给……打电话” [phone sb; call sb (up)]; ring back“回电话”=call back
186. rely on/ upon“依靠，期待，指望”（常用：rely on doing，但rely on sb to do） (depend on);
187. report sb to“向……告发（另一人）”
188. remember to do“记住将要/要去做……”/ doing sth“记得曾经做过……”
189. result from“由……造成，由……引起” result in“结果是，导致，结果造成”
190. rise by“上升，增长”（by表比例） rise to“上升到”（to表结果）
191. roll over“翻滚，翻身” (turn over); roll up“卷起，裹起，（烟雾）袅袅上升”
192. round up“使……聚拢” (gather, meet)
193.run across“从一边跑到另一边；偶然遇见，发现”=come across/ upon= run into（run into还指“跑进，（液体）流入，撞到……上”）； run away“跑掉，离开，（液体等）流走”（作“逃走时”=get away= escape； run after“追赶，追求（异性）” run out of“从……跑出，用完”=use up； run out“（某物）被用完” run round/ around“围绕着（延伸），东跑西跑”
194. rush sb off his feet“使……奔忙” (stand to one’s feet; help sb to his feet); rush through“快速通过，赶紧做，匆忙完成”：He was rushing through his work.
195. return to normal“恢复正常”
196. say goodbye/ hello/ hi/ yes/ no/ sorry to sb“向某人道别/好/同意/反对/道歉”
197. sentence sb to (death)“判……死刑”
198. see for oneself“亲眼所见，亲身体验”：This is a very good method. Try it and see for yourself. (think for oneself); see sb off“给……送行”(look after sb) (meet); see through“看透，识破，进行到底”：You mustn’t stop half-way; you must see the thing through. see to“注意，处理，料理，负责” see (to it) that=take care that= make sure/certain that= look out that“注意做到，务必要，确保”（seeing that“既然”）
199. shut down“关闭（企业）；使停工”
200. share sth with sb“与……合用；与……共同分担/分享” share in sth with sb“让某人分享自己的东西”
201. send for“派人去请；派人去取” ( call for; call in; pick up); send/ give one’s wishes/ regards/ love to/ for“向……致意，向……祝福” (say hello/ hi to sb for/ from sb); send out“发出（光亮等）；派出去” (give out/ off; let out); send up“发射”
202. shout at“对……大声叫嚷，对……破口大骂” shout to“大声叫喊某人” shout for“大声召唤，呼救”
203. set about“开始，着手干” (set out; be up to; get down to); set an example of“树立一个……榜样”/ to“给……树立榜样” set fire to sth=set sth on fire“放火烧，使燃烧” set sb free“释放，解放，使自由” set off“动身，出发，使爆炸，引起” (set out; start off/ out; go off; leave for); set out“出发，陈列，安放，开始，着手干”：The medical equipment is cleverly set out at the exhibition. set sail“启航，出航” set up“建立，设立，创立，竖起，建造，安放好”：After the war, Cook married and set up home in London.
204. speed up“加速，加快进度”：They tried their best to speed up the building of the city.
205. show off“炫耀，卖弄，显示” show/ take sb. around/ round a place“带……参观（某地）” show up“出现，露面，暴露，揭露” (turn up); show sb in/ out/ up/ to the door“送/带/陪…进来等”
206. be sick with“生……病”(be ill with; suffer from); be sick for“渴望，想念” ( long to do; look forward to; be dying for); be sick of对……感到厌倦，厌恶“ (be tired of, be fed up of)
207. smile to oneself“自己发笑，暗笑” (say to oneself“心里想” think to oneself= talk to oneself“自言自语);
208. speak of“提到，谈到” ( talk of); speak up“响亮（清楚地）说，公开地说出” speak well/ highly/ ill of“如何评价，说……怎么样”
209. spend … on/ in/ doing; (take; cost; pay; sell; buy)“花……干……”
210. stand against“（使）靠……放着，反对” stand by“站在旁边，袖手旁观，支持” stand for“代表，表示，象征” stand in a line/ queue“排成一队，排队等候” standing room“立足之地，站立位置”（不可数名词）
211. stick to; (persist in; insist on)“坚持”（见persist的用法）
212. start doing/ to do sth; (begin to do/ doing sth)“开始做某事”（doing多指一般的行为，to do指具体动作） start out/ off“动身，起程”“着手做”(set out/ off; leave for; go off);
213. stay the night“过夜”=stay for the night/ the day/ the week); stay up (late)=sit up late“熬夜，不睡觉”（另：stay up可指“挺住，站立，不掉下来”）
214. stop doing sth“停止做……” stop to do sth“停下来去做……” (go on; try; mean; forget; remember; regret; learn; want; require; need; deserve);
215. stare at“盯着看” (glare at“瞪视”“怒目而视”) (fix one’s eyes on)(regard有“看，凝视，留心”之意) 216. succeed in doing“成功做……，在……方面取得成功” (manage to do) (fail to do);
217. struggle against/ with“同……作争” struggle to one’s feet“挣扎着站起来” ( get to one’s feet; jump to one’s feet“一跳而起” take to one’s feet/kneel“逃走，走路，走开”; start to one’s feet“吃惊地跳起来” help sb to his feet“把……抚起来”);
218. suffer from“受……之苦，患……疾病”
219. suggest (one’s/ sb) doing sth“建议（……）做……” (risk; avoid; mind; enjoy; miss; escape; practise; postpone; put off; suggest; ignore; insist on; keep; keep on; give up; appreciate; admit; finish; fancy; imagine; delay; deny; RAMEMEP3SI2K2/GA2F2ID2那妹妹不吃咖啡的！)
220. suit … to“使……适合”：（常用于be suited to/ for结构） We can suit the building to your specifications. It doesn’t suit you to work on the night shift.“你上夜班不合适”。 (be fit for; sth fit sb. be fit to do); ( be suitable for; eg. This toy is not suitable for young children.);
221. talk about/ of“谈论，讨论，说到，谈及”talk over“详细商议，充分讨论，商量”
222. teach oneself“自学，自修”
223. tell … apart= tell … from…=tell the difference between … and …“区分，分辨，区别” tell lies/ a lie=tell a story)
“撒谎，说谎”
224. take a deep breath“作一次深呼吸，深吸一口气” ( take a look at/ a photograph/ a taxi/ an action/ an interest in/ a rest/ a walk/ a bath/ a drive开车/ a decision决定/ more exercise多做活动/ a seat/ the place of); take along“随身带，带……一道去” take away“拿走，减去”：Take away 3 from 10 and you get 7. take … by surprise/ storm“袭击，出其不意做某事，使惊奇” take sb by the hand“拉某人的手” (lead; hold; grasp; pull; draw; catch); (hit sb in the face/ on the forehead); take care to do/ for sth“当心，注意”/ of sb“照顾，负责，爱护” take charge (of)“负责，掌管，看管” (in charge of; in the charge of); take/ have exams“参加考试” take… for“把……当作，把……误认为/以为是” (mistake … for); take/hold/ carry… in one’s arms“把……抱在怀里” take it/ things easy“别着急，别紧张，放松些” ( go easy with it/things; don’t worry); take/ acquire… nationality“取得……国藉” take off“起飞，脱掉” (take three day’s off休3天假); take on“呈现，承担，增加” take one’s seat“坐下，就座” take out“拿出，取出” take possession of“占有，拥有，占据” take sb/ sth seriously/ lightly/ badly“认真/随意对待” take sides (in)“（在……方面）偏向/袒护，站在……一边” (take the side of); (be on the side of); take sth with sb“随身带走” (bring sth with sb; carry sth with); take the place of“代替，代理”( take place; take one’s place); (replace; in place of; instead of; in one’s stead/ place); take (the) trouble to do sth/ over/ about sth/ in doing sth“费力，不辞辛劳，费事”( have trouble doing sth/ with sth; put sb into the trouble of doing sth; trouble sb to do sth; make trouble for sb); take up“拿起，占（地方、空间等），占用（时间等），选学（课程），从事（某种工作），跟着做……” take up arms“拿起武器”
225. tear down“拆毁，拆除，扯下” tear up“撕碎” tear into pieces“撕成碎片”
226. translate/ put/ turn/ render … into“把 ……翻译成”
227. think about“考虑，思考，想（到）” think of“考虑，想到，想象，回忆，想出，关心，对……有某种看法”（如：What do you think of/ about the film?） think over“仔细考虑，认真思考” think out“.彻底思考, 设计出, 解决, 发现” think up“想出，设计出，编造” think well/ highly/ much/ a lot/ little/ a little/ nothing/ ill/ poorly of…“对……评价如何，对……印象如何”
228. throw … at/ to“把……向……扔去”（at含恶意） throw away“扔掉” throw light on/ onto“把光线投射到，使人了解” throw off“很快地脱掉（衣服等），摆脱” throw up“呕吐，抛起，放弃，辞职” (bring up);
229. turn away“把……打发走，走开，离开” turn down“翻下来，朝下翻转，把（收音机等）关小，拒绝” turn into“（把……）变成” turn off“关上（水、电等）” turn on“打开（电灯，收音机等），开，开动” turn out“结果，证明是，翻出来，生产”( come out); turn over“翻倒，翻过来，翻身” turn to“转向，转到，翻到，求助于，变成” turn up“出现，露面，来到，发生，卷起，旋大（收音机等” (show up; appear);
230. try for sth/ to do sth“设法得到”， (manage to do); try on“试穿，玩弄（花招）”(fit on); try out“试用，尝试，推销” try to do“努力，企图” try doing“尝试，试一试（方法）”
231. trade with“与……做买卖，与……交换” trade in“做……生意，经营……”
232. travel through“穿过，游遍”
233. use one’s head/ brains“动脑筋，有头脑” use up“用光” (run out; run out of);
234. walk about/ around“闲逛，到处走动” walk away“跑开，走开” walk sb away/ off“带……走” walk down“往……下走，沿着……走，往……走去” walk over to“步行前往” walk to and fro“踱来踱去，来回地走” (pace to and fro; run to and fro; swing to and fro); walk up to“走近”
235. visit/see a doctor“看医生，让医生看病”
236. wake up; (awake作表语，“醒着”)“醒来，叫醒”
237. win/ carry off/ gain/ take/ get a prize“获奖” (win a match/ a war/ over sb) (award a prize);
238. wash away; (smooth away)“冲走，冲掉，洗掉，洗去”
239. wish sb sth; wish sb to do sth; (hope; expect)“祝愿……某事”
240. wonder about/ at“对……感到惊奇，觉得不解而要了解”（at无进行时态）
241. watch out (for)“注意，小心，密切注意” watch over“看守，照顾，监视”
242. work at“致力于……，从事于” work on“致力于，从事于；（具体工作）；继续工作，对……有影响”work out“计算出，设计出，制定出”
243. write about/ of“写有关……的事” write down“把……写/记下来，把……描写成/看成”(put down; take down); write out“写出，开出（单据等）” write to= write sb=write a letter to“写信给……”
244. worry about/ over“为……发愁，为……操心” (be worried about指状态);
245. drive off击退; drive sb mad; drive back赶退; drive out驾车外出, 逐出; drive down.压低; drive in赶进, 敲进; drive in a taxi; drive at.意指, 用意所在; drive sb home; drive sb hard强迫某人拼命工作; drive away赶走,开走; drive an oil well钻油井; drive on(汽车等)可以开上去的;不停地开车；let drive at.对准打
篇12：中考英语动词语法复习
1.动词的时态
英语时态用共有十六种时态，其中常用的有8种，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。
(1)一般现在时的基本用法
1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
时间状语： every…， sometimes, at…， on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3)表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall.
【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round
4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
I don't want so much.
5)某些动词如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等，在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作。
The train comes at 3 o'clock.
6)在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I'll help you as soon as you have problem.
Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him.
(2)一般过去时的用法：
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句，如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等，上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。
I worked in that factory last year.
【注意】
1)过去经常反复发生的动作，也可用used to或would加动词原形来表达，例如：
I used to go fishing on Sundays.
2)“used to”也可用于表示过去曾经存在过的状态。例如：
This river used to be clean.
(3)一般将来时的用法
1)表示将来的动作或状态。例如：
I shall attend the meeting tomorrow.
2)表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：
He will go to see his mother every Saturdays.
3)表示将来的意愿，决心，许诺， 命令等时常用will，征求对方意见，主语是第一人称时，常用shall。
I will do my best to catch up with them.
Shall I open the door?
4)be + going + 动词不定式。也是一种将来时句型，表示打算，计划，最近或将来要作的某事。
I am going to Beijing next week.
5)be + 动词不定式。表示有职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等。
There is to be a meeting this afternoon.
We are to meet the guests at the station.
6)be about + 动词不定式，表示马上，很快作某事。
They are about to leave.
篇13：中考英语动词时态复习
现在完成时主要有以下用法：
1、谈论开始于过去某个时候而且持续到现在的一个动作。例如：Eddie has lived with Millie since he was born.
2、谈论过去发生的动作，并且和现在存在联系。即过去的某个动作对现在产生影响。Eddie has eaten my food. (Eddie ate the food and now Hobo has nothing to eat.) 但是如果单纯谈一个过去的动作，不涉及它对现在的影响时，通常用一般过去时。
现在完成时常见的时间状语有：for+一段时间;since+过去的某个时间;so far, yet, recently, over/in the last/past +一段时间;(once, twice, )threetimes, never, ever, up to now, these days例如：I havent seen him these days./ Have you ever seen each other before?
1.Hello，this is Lily speaking.Could I speak to Mr. Black?
Sorry.He______ the Xuanwu Lake Park.
A. has been to B. went to C. has gone to D. will go to
简析：C。说话者此时不在，说明此时已去了玄武湖公园，用现在完成时表示到目前为止还在持续的动作。has been to表示已去过某个地方，而现在不在那个地方了。
Would you like to see the film with me?
Im sorry I __________it twice.
篇14：动词及动词短语考查热点评析和复习
动词及动词短语考查热点评析和复习
动词的用法是最难和最灵活的项目,也是每年高考的`重头戏.许多老师和正在迎接高考的同学都在关注着语言点的考查,为此,我们拟就全国各地试卷中语言点考查的一个侧面:动词考查情况,进行数据统计和细化分析.
作 者：刘连涛 作者单位：江苏省丹阳高级中学,江苏,镇江,212300 刊 名：考试周刊 英文刊名：KAOSHI ZHOUKAN 年，卷(期)： “”(9) 分类号：H3 关键词：篇15：高三非谓语动词复习教案学案一体化
江苏地区石庄高级中学届高三非谓语动词复习教案学案一体化
2006届高三非谓语动词复习（教师版）
一、概述
1、基本形式的变化：
不定式：
时态 主动态 被动态
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have built to have been built
例1：John said that he had run in order to catch the bus. （一般式的主动态）
例2：He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态)
例3：He pretended to be listening attentively. (进行式)
例4：He intended to have told you that. (完成式主动态)
例5：This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago. (完成式的被动态)
V-ing形式：
时态 主动态 被 动 态
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
不及物动词没有被动式
动名词
例1：I am sure of his coming in time. (一般式主动态) （= I am sure that he will come in time）
例2：He is proud of being selected as monitor. (一般式被动态) （= He is proud that he is selected as monitor.）
例3：I’m confident of his having passed the exam. (完成式主动态)
（= I am confident that he have passed the exam.）
例4：He complained of having been cheated by others. (完成式被动态)
现在分词
例1：He sat in a chair,reading a novel. (一般式主动态)
例2：Being exhausted by work, he fell asleep quickly. (一般式被动态)
例3：Having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式主动态)
例4：All this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被动态)
2、所做成分
项目/成分 主语 表语 宾语 宾补 定语 状语
动词的ing形式 现在分词 △ △ △ △
动名词 △ △ △ △
不定式 △ △ △ △ △ △
过去分词 △ △ △ △
二、基本知识
（一）动词不定式在句中充当的成分
(1)作主语。
例如：To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.
To make money is not the only purpose of our life.赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的
在很多情况下，常用it 来充当动词不定式的形式主语。
例如：It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。
(2)作动词的宾语，常用在以下动词后：
help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem)
例如：He managed to pass the exam.他成功地通过了考试。
He promised to be here at nine.他答应9点钟到这儿。
I didn’t expect to see you here.我没有料到在这儿见到你。
在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。
例如：He considered it better to leave now.他认为最好现在就离开。
I found it impossible to finish the work on time.我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。
(3)作定语（常置于名词之后）。
由only, last, next 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语; 不定式还可用作名词
代词的的宾语 (ability, anything, attempt, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure,
intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something)
例如:She is always the first student to arrive at school.
He is always the last one to leave the office.他总是最后一个离开办公室。
I don’t think he is the best man to do the job.我想他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。
I have no desire to travel.
You’ll find something to interest you here.
注：动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词，而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系，这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。
例如：I haven’t decided which hotel to stay at.
I found no one to play with.
(4)作状语
例如：I walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall down.（不至于跌倒） (表目的)
They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. (表结果)
He tried only to fail. （结果没有成功）
She was happy to hear the news. (表原因)
不定式常用于修饰下列形容词:
able,afraid,angry, anxious, apt, careful, careless, certain, clever, considerate, delighted, difficult,eager, easy, fit, frightened , happy, interesting, likely, lucky, quick, ready, reluctant , right, sorry, surprised, sure, thoughtful, thoughtless, unable, unwilling, wrong etc.
例如：French is difficult to learn. 法语难学。
I’m sorry to interrupt you, but I have to.
(5)作独立副词成分。
例如：To speak frankly, I don’t like your attitude.
(6)与疑问词连用。疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how等后加动词不定式，构成不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
例如：When to start has not been decided.什么时候出发还没有定。
The problem is how to get there on time.问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。
注：在有些动词后常用疑问词 + 动词不定式的结构。这类动词有：know, ask, tell, show, wonder,
consider, understand, learn, instruct, guess, see, explain, discover, imagine, think, hear 等。
例如：He didn’t know what to do next.
I haven’t decided whether to go to Japan.我没有决定是否到日本去。
▲不定式的复合结构
由for + 名词或代词 + 动词不定式构成的复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状语等。
例如：It is necessary for you to finish the work before Friday.你们有必要在星期五前做完这项工作。
His idea is for us to travel in different cars.他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。
由of 引出的不定式复合结构，经常与以下形容词连用：bold, brave, careless, civil, clever,
courageous, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, rash, right, rude, stupid, silly, thoughtful, thoughtless,
wrong, wise等。
例如：It’s kind of you to say so.
It’s brave of you to go into the burning building to save the baby!你真勇敢，冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿
▲不带to 的动词不定式
(1)在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式，如let, make, have, hear, see, feel, smell, hear, watch等。
例如：The teacher often makes me rewrite the composition.老师常常让我把作文重写。
将该句转换成被动语态：I am often made by the teacher to rewrite the composition.
I heard her say that she was fed up.
(2)在下列结构后常用不带to的动词不定式：had better, would rather, can not but, cannot help but, do nothing but等。
例如：I’d better go now, or I’ll miss the train.
They can not but accept his advice.我只好接受他的建议。
(3)在except, but 之前有动词do作实义动词，则except, but 后一般接不带to的动词不定式，反之则接带to 的动词不定式。
例如：We have no choice but to wait.我们除了等待别无选择（我们只好等待）。
There is no choice but to go there.
There is nothing to do but to (to 可省略) read a book.
(4) 在why, why not结构中，紧接其后的动词不定式不带to
例如：Why argue with him?
Why not send those books back?为什么不把那些书送回去？
（二）动名词在句中充当的成分
(1)作主语
例如：Asking for help is sometimes necessary. 请求帮助有时是必要的。
Eating too much is not good for your health.吃得太多对你的健康不利。
Teaching offers something besides money and power.
(2)作补语、表语例如：
Seeing is believing.
We call such an act cheating.我们称这样的行为为作弊/欺骗行为。
(3)作以下及物动词及词组的的宾语
mind，finish，enjoy，suggest，permit，appreciate，consider，miss，dislike，keep(on)，avoid，permit，imagine，risk，escape，admit，stand(忍受)，allow，forbid，excuse，等等。短语动词：give up，put off，look forward to，feel like，insist on，object to，prevent…from，set about，can't help，be/get used to等；短语：be worth doing，be no good doing，be no use doing，be busy doing等
例如：The mother did agree to let the boy risk swimming across the river.冒险游过河
His wife doesn't allow smoking inside the room but allows him to smoke outside the room.
他的妻子不允许在室内抽烟，但是允许他在室外抽。
All of them insisted on my staying with them a few days longer.
他们所有的人都坚持要我再跟他们多呆几天时间。
I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Being ill for a few days,she doesn't feel like eating anything.不想吃任何东西
另在want, need, require等动词后，常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思（主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系）。
例如：My hair needs cutting. (= My hair needs to be cut.)
(5) 作定语。它与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，通常只表示用途或与所修饰的名词有关的动作。
例如：The factory built a swimming pool last year.游泳池
Our teacher uses a very good teaching method.教学方法
(6) 作同位语。例如：His hobby, making model airplanes, is very interesting.
▲动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构由物主代词或名词所有格 + 动名词构成。如果不是在句子开头，这种结构常可以由名词的普通格或人称代词宾格 +动名词构成， 在句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：
Do you mind my closing the door? Do you mind me closing the door?
My closing the door made him angry.
I can’t stand Lao Chang’s talking like that about other comrades.
▲动名词的某些固定结构
(1) It is + no use, no good(fun,a great pleasure, a waste of time,a bore...)等名词+doing sth.
It is no use crying.哭没有用。
It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。
It is a waste of time trying to explain．设法解释是浪费时间。
(2)It is + useless+doing sth．
It is useless speaking.光说没用。
(3)There is no + v-ing “…是不可能的”。
例如：There is no knowing how old she is.(= I t is impossible to know how old she is.)
There is no telling where she’s gone.(= It is impossible / difficult to know where she’s gone.)
(4)make a point of + doing “认为…是必要的”
例如：Our family make a point of going to church every Sunday.(= Our family make it a rule to go to church every Sunday.)
(5)be on the point of + doing “濒临，将要…”
例如：He was on the point of leaving.
(6)on (upon) + doing “一…就…”
例如：On hearing the news, I changed my plans.(= As soon as I heard the news, I changed my plans.)
(7)go + doing (大部分指运动和游戏)
例如：He went shopping / hiking / swimming / fishing etc.
(8)动名词短语常用在以下结构中
have difficulty (in) + doing sth have trouble (in) + doing sth
have fun (in) + doing sth/ have a good time (in) + doing sth/have a hard time (in) + doing sth
例如：We have great difficulty (in) solving the problem.我们解决这个问题有困难。
(9)feel like + 名词“想要”=would like to +原形动词
例如：Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看电影吗?
I don't feel like reading tonight．今晚我不想读书。
(三) 分词在句中充当的成分
(1)作定语。作定语的分词如果是单个分词，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面。在用作定语时，分词在意思上接近一个定语从句。
例如：The boring snow made the bored boys go home. (= The snow was boring, so the boys wee bored and went home.)
China is a developing socialist country.发展中的社会主义国家
The man writing the obituary (讣告) is my friend.
(= The man who is writing the obituary is my friend.)
The broken glass scattered on the ground.破杯
注：现在分词与过去分词都可作定语，但现在分词表达的是正在进行的事情，有主动意义；而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情，有被动意义。
(2)作表语、宾语补足语。能带分词作宾补的动词常见的有see, hear, keep, find, notice, watch, think, want, smell, observe等。
例如：The story is boring.
I found him reading a novel. 在读小说(现在分词作宾语补足语)
I found him surrounded by a group of children.一群孩子包围着 (过去分词作宾语补足语)
(3)作状语。分词作状语可以表示时间, 原因, 条件, 结果, 伴随情况。
例如：Having read all the required papers, he answered the questions fluently. ---时间
Being short of money, I decided to apply for the work. ---原因
Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. ----原因
If going there by plane, we’ll have to pay twice as much.-条件
Unless asked to answer questions, the pupils were not supposed to talk in Mrs Smith’s class.条件
The farmer used a new insecticide, thus raising the average yield by 15%. –结果
He sat in a rocking chair, watching TV. ---伴随
▲分词的特殊结构
独立主格
有时分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，这时分词须带上自身的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。这种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。
例如：That being the case, we’d better make some changes in the plan.
Weather permitting, we will go out. == if weather permits
The teacher having finished the lesson, the students left the classroom.
“with或without + 名词或代词 + 分词”的复合结构
常用作补充说明或表示伴随情况。例如：He fell asleep with the lamp burning.
某些固定结构
generally / frankly speaking …,judging from / by …中，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词。
例如：Judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family.从他的衣着判断
Frankly speaking, I don't like him at all.坦率地说
catch+宾语+doing
例如：I caught them stealing my apples．我抓住他们偷我的苹果。
If she catches me reading her diary，she'll be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤怒的
注：有些现在分词可以作介词用：如concerning, considering, regarding, respecting等。
例如：Considering his age, he is tall.考虑了他的年龄
I have nothing to say concerning his speech.关于他的演讲
三、非谓语动词比较
1．做主语宾语：-般来说，不定式和动名词成份相同时，表示客观性、一般性行为多用动名词表示，而表示一次性、具体性行为则多用不定式。
Looking after children is her job.照看小孩
To clean the classroom is his job today.打扫教室
I like swimming, but I don't like to swim today because I don't feel well.
注意（1）：begin和start本身为进行时，或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时，须接不定式。
When we came in, they were beginning to have supper.
After his explanation, I began to understand it / realize that I was wrong.
(2).有些词后面既可以接不定式．亦可接动名词，但其意义有很大区别，须特别注意：
A．remember，forget，regret接动名词，表示完成意义(=having done)，接不定式，表示将来意义：
Please remember to bring me the book I want next time.
I remember seeing her (=having seen her) somewhere before.
Don't forget to write to me soon.
I never forget visiting (=having visited) them for the first time.
I regret missing that good film last week.(后悔干……事)
I regret not taking (not having taken) your advice.
I regret to say I can't take your advice. (遗憾=be sorry)
B．mean：mean to do=want to do打算，想要……；mean doing：意味着，就是
I am sorry, I didn't mean to hurt your feelings，
I meant to call on you, but I was so busy.
Learning a foreign language doesn't mean just working in class.
C．stop：stop to do停下来，要干另一件事，不定式作目的状语；stop doing停止干……，
动名词作宾语。
After some time, they stopped walking and had a rest.
After walking some time, they stopped to have a rest.
D．try：try to do，努力，试图干……事；try doing：试着干……事
He searched everywhere and tried to find his key.
He came to the city from the countryside and tried to find a job.
The mother is out and the boy had to try cooking for himself.
They tried to succeed and tried doing their experiments again and again.
E．want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，主语与动名词之间为动宾关系。
The bike requires repairing.
These young trees require looking after.
The matter needs thinking over.(=to be thought over)
A Mr. Wang wants to see you.
You don't need to leave so early.
F．go on：go on to do继续干和原来不同的另一件事，不定式作目的状语。
go on doing继续干原来同一件事，动名词作宾语。
After a smoke，he went on telling us that interesting story.
After writing the composition he went on to work out his maths problems.
G．动词advise，allow，permit，forbid后面接单宾语时用动名词，接复合宾语时用动词不定式。
Doctors advise giving up smoking to benefit one's health. 放弃
The doctor advised him to give up smoking so as to improve his health. 放弃
She doesn't allow (permit) smoking in her room.抽烟
H. consider to have done/consider doing(consider…to be)
I. be used to doing/be used to do
J.can’t help doing/to do
2.做宾补：
不定式可以表示一次性、具体性行为，以及将来意义的行为。现在分词可以表示当时正在发生的进行意义的行为，亦可表示-个持续时间的延续性的行为动作。过去分词可以表示完成意义的行为或状态，及物动词的过去分词亦有被动意义，不及物动词的过去分词仍是主动意义。
When I came in, I saw her dancing happily.
I often hear her sing songs in English in her room.
They had the lights burning all night long.
I saw Li Ping pass by and enter the next room just now.
The mother will have the doctor examine her son again.
Tomorrow I'll have my hair cut.
When I got home I found the window broken and the thief gone away already.
When they returned to their hometown, after an absence of twenty years, they found everything changed.
3.做表语：
不定式和动名词做表语解释主语内容，且可以和主语颠倒，意思仍然通顺，回答what的问题。它们有时存在经常性和一次性行为的区别，分词做表语表明主语的性质、特征和状态，不能和主语颠倒，可以回答how的问题。
Her job is cleaning offices.(What is her job?) (=Cleaning offices is her job.)
Our job today is to clean the office.(=To clean the office is our job today.)
The news is very exciting.(How is the news?)
They are very tired after a long walk.
The door is locked now.
The children are well dressed these days.
4.做定语：
不定式做定语与先行词有动宾、主谓和解释先行词内容等关系。在时态上常是将来意义，现在分词做定语是现在时或进行时态意义；过去分词做定语则是完成时态意义。此外，不定式做定语时只能后置，不可前置，而单个分词做定语可前置，分词短语做定语则须后置。动名词做定语，须前置，且要重读，它表明先行词的用途。而分词做定语表明先行词的性质、特征和状态。
a swimming boy=a boy who is swimming a swimming pool=a pool for swimming
the boiling water=the water that is boiling drinking water=water for drinking
Today I have a letter to write. Please find a man to help us.
It is a good chance to practice your spoken English.练习你的口语
I like reading books written by Lu Xun.
The woman standing over there is our English teacher.站在那边的
The house to be built (=which will be built/which is to be built) next year will be our new library.
The house being built (=which is being built) now will be our new library.
The house built (=which was built) last year is our new library now.
5.做状语：
不定式和分词做状语各有不同分工。动词不定式多做目的、结果和原因状语，且多放在句末；分词
可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式状语，多置于句首，做伴随状语，多放在后面。分词用于go doing结构中作目的状语。
(1).目的状语：通常有不定式表示，由于不定式的客观性和将来性特征。不定式前还可加上in order，so as来加强说话的口气。但so as to通常不用于句首。
The Smiths have gone to London to spend their holidays.
I came here (in order/so as) to hear the report.
In order to(不用so as to) see better, we took front seats.
(2)．时间状语：分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。现在分词作时间状语一般位于句首，表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生，有时现在分词前可以加上时间连词。如果分词动作发生在谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成体形式。过去分词作时间状语与谓语动词构成同时性和被动意义。分词前有时加上时间连词。
Arriving (=When he arrived) at the bus stop, he found his sister there.
Waiting (=When I was waiting) to see the doctor, I met with a friend of mine.
Having (=When we have) made full preparations, we are ready for an examination.
Having (=When he had) finished his homework, he went to bed.
After finishing his homework, he went to bed.
Seen (=When the town is seen) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.
Locked (=When he was looked) up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world.
When asked to make a speech, he said he was glad to do so.当请他作演讲时
Once recovered, he will go all out to do his work.一旦康复
(3)．原因状语：不定式作原因状语往往用于形容词之后,这些形容词通常是happy, sorry, fortunate, angry, glad, ashamed, discouraged, delighted, frightened, shocked等。分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句。一般位于句首。
I am sorry to hear that you are not well.
I'm very sorry to have kept you waiting so long.让你久等了
We are greatly delighted to have a native as our guide.
Being (=Since he was) ill all last year, he lived in a sanatorium.
There being no enough money, he couldn't buy the dictionary that he wanted. 由于没有钱
Having (=Since they had) been asked to stay, they couldn't possibly leave right away.
Moved (=As he was moved) by the heroic deeds of the PLA man, he burst into tears.
(4)．条件状语：通常用分词来表示，相当于条件状语从句。一般位于句首。
Turning (=If you turn) to the left，you will see the post office.
United (=If we are united), we stand; divided (=if we are divided), we fall.
Given (=If he had been given) more time, he would be able to do better.
(5)．结果状语从句：不定式作结果状语通常用于so+形容词或副词+as to，such+名词+as to，too…to，enough to和only to等结构。现在分词作结果状语表示谓语动词的结果。
He arrived late to find the train gone.
I worked late into the night, only to find I had not finished half of the job.
He was so friendly as to be always helpful to his neighbors.
His is such a sad story as to arouse out sympathy.
I ran faster than ever, reaching the schoolyard quite out of breath.
The man died young, leaving nothing but debt.
(6)．让步状语：通常由过去分词来表示，而且前面通常有表示让步意义的though。
Though wounded, the soldier managed to get to the village safely.
Though warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
(7)．伴随或方式状语：分词作伴随状语通常位于句尾，表示谓语动词正在所处主动或被动的状态。
Chinese businessmen, taxi drivers and students talk with them using English.
She came running towards us.
They walked along the streets, talking and laughing.
He went into the house, followed by some children.
He continued to walk up and down, lost in thought.
四、关于there be 的非谓语形式
there be非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语
1)作动词宾语时，通常用there to be结构，而不用there being。能这样用的及物动词为：expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate等，如：
We don't want there to be any comrades lagging behind.我们不希望有任何同志掉队。
They hate there to be long queues everywhere..他们不愿意处处都要排长队。
We have no objection to there being a meeting here．我们并不反对在这里开会。
2)作状语多用there being结构，但若置于介词for之后要用there to be
There being nobody else at hand,I had to do by myself．由于附近没有人，我只得独自干了。(原因状语)
It’s too early for there to be anybody up．太早了，还不会有人起床。(作程度状语)
There having been no rain for a long time，the ground was very dry．
因为好长时间没下雨了，地面非常干燥。(原因状语)
3)作主语时两种结构都可以，但如是用for引导则要用there to be.
It is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young．
老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。
There being a kindergarten on campus is a great convenience to female teachers．
校园内有儿园对女教师十分方便。
2006届高三非谓语动词复习（学生版）
一、概述
2、基本形式的变化：
不定式：
时态 主动态 被动态
一般式
进行式
完成式
例1：John said that he had run in order to catch the bus.
例2：He hated to be misunderstood by others.
例3：He pretended to be listening attentively.
例4：He intended to have told you that.
例5：This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago.
V-ing形式：
时态 主动态 被 动 态
一般式
完成式
不及物动词没有被动式
动名词
例1：I am sure of his coming in time. （= ____________________）
例2：He is proud of being selected as monitor. （= ________________）
例3：I’m confident of his having passed the exam. （= ______________________）
例4：He complained of having been cheated by others.
现在分词
例1：He sat in a chair,___________(read) a novel.
例2：________(exhaust)by work, he fell asleep quickly.
例3：________(finish)his homework, he went playing
例4：All this _______ (settle),he went home.
2、所做成分
项目/成分 主语 表语 宾语 宾补 定语 状语
动词的ing形式 现在分词
动名词
不定式
过去分词
二、基本知识
（一）动词不定式在句中充当的成分
(1)作主语。
例如：To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.
______________ 赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的
在很多情况下，常用it 来充当动词不定式的形式主语。
例如： 对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。
(2)作动词的宾语，常用在以下动词后：
help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem)
例如： 他成功地通过了考试。
他答应9点钟到这儿。
我没有料到在这儿见到你。
在某些复合宾语中，常it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。
例如： 他认为最好现在就离开。
我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。
(3)作定语（常置于名词之后）。
由only, last, next 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语; 不定式还可用作名词代词的的宾语 (ability, anything, attempt, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something)
例如:She is always the first student to arrive at school.
他总是最后一个离开办公室。
我想他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。
I have no desire to travel.
You’ll find something to interest you here.
注：动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词，而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系，这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。
例如：I haven’t decided which hotel to stay at. I found no one to play with.
(4)作状语
例如：I walked slowly on the ice in order .（不至于跌倒） (表目的)
They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. (表结果)
He tried .结果没有成功
She was happy to hear the news. (表原因)
不定式常用于修饰下列形容词:
able, afraid, angry, anxious, apt, careful, careless, certain, clever, considerate, delighted, difficult, eager, easy, fit, frightened , happy, interesting, likely, lucky, quick, ready, reluctant , right, sorry, surprised, sure, thoughtful, thoughtless, unable, unwilling, wrong etc.
例如： 法语难学。
I’m sorry to interrupt you, but I have to.
(5)作独立副词成分。
例如：To speak frankly, I don’t like your attitude.
(6)与疑问词连用。疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how等后加动词不定式，构成不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
例如： 什么时候出发还没有定。
问题是怎样才能及时到达哪儿。
注：在有些动词后常用疑问词 + 动词不定式的结构。这类动词有：know, ask, tell, show, wonder,consider, understand, learn, guess, see, explain, discover, imagine, think, hear 等。
例如：He didn’t know what to do next.
我没有决定是否到日本去。
▲不定式的复合结构
由for + 名词或代词 + 动词不定式构成的复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状语等。
例如： 你们有必要在星期五前做完这项工作。
他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。
由of 引出的不定式复合结构，常与以下形容词连用：bold, brave, careless, civil, clever,foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, rash, right, rude, stupid, silly, thoughtful, thoughtless, wrong, wise等。
例如：It’s kind of you to say so.
to go into the burning building to save the baby!
你真勇敢，冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿
▲不带to 的动词不定式
(1)在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式，如let, make, have, hear, see, feel,smell,
hear, watch等。
例如： 老师常常让我把作文重写。
将该句转换成被动语态：_________________________________________
(2)在下列结构后常用不带to的动词不定式：had better, would rather, can not but, cannot help but, do nothing but等。
例如：I’d better go now, or I’ll miss the train.
我只好接受他的建议。
(3)在except, but 之前有动词do作实义动词，则except, but 后一般接不带to的动词不定式，反
之则接带to 的动词不定式。
例如： 我们除了等待别无选择（我们只好等待）。
There is no choice but to go there.
There is nothing to do but to (to 可省略) read a book.
(4) 在why, why not结构中，紧接其后的动词不定式不带to
例如：Why argue with him?
为什么不把那些书送回去？
（二）动名词在句中充当的成分
(1)作主语
例如： 请求帮助有时是必要的。
吃得太多对你的健康不利。
(2)作补语、表语例如：
Seeing is believing.
我们称这样的行为为作弊/欺骗行为。
(3)作以下及物动词及词组的的宾语
mind，finish，enjoy，suggest，permit，appreciate，consider，miss，dislike，keep(on)，avoid，permit，imagine，risk，escape，admit，stand(忍受)，allow，forbid，excuse，等等。短语动词：give up，put off，look forward to，feel like，insist on，object to，prevent…from，set about，can't help，be/get used to等;语：be worth doing，be no good doing，be no use doing，be busy doing等
例如：The mother did agree to let the boy_______________________________.冒险游过河
His wife _____________________inside the room but ______________outside the room.
他的妻子不允许在室内抽烟，但是允许他在室外抽。
All of them ___________________________ them a few days longer.
他们所有的人都坚持要我再跟他们多呆几天时间。
I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Being ill for a few days,she doesn't _________________________.不想吃任何东西
另在want, need, require等动词后，常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思（主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系）。
例如：My hair needs cutting. (= _______________________.)
(5) 作定语。它与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，通常只表示用途或与所修饰的名词有关的动作。
例如：The factory built _______________ last year.游泳池
Our teacher uses a very good _______________.教学方法
(6) 作同位语。例如：His hobby, making model airplanes, is very interesting.
▲动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构由物主代词或名词所有格 + 动名词构成。如果不是在句子开头，这种结构常可以由名词的普通格或人称代词宾格 +动名词构成， 在句中可作主语、宾语等。
例如：Do you mind my closing the door? Do you mind me closing the door?
My closing the door made him angry.
I can’t stand Lao Chang’s talking like that about other comrades.
▲动名词的某些固定结构
(1) It is+no use,no good(fun,a great pleasure,a waste of time,a bore...)等名词+doing sth.
____________________.哭没有用。
It is no good objecting.________
_______________________________________设法解释是浪费时间。
(2)It is+useless+doing sth．
It is useless speaking.____________
(3)There is no + v-ing “…是不可能的”。
例如：There is no knowing how old she is.(= _______________________________________.)
There is no telling where she’s gone.(= __________________________________________.)
(4)make a point of + doing “认为…是必要的”
例如：Our family make a point of going to church every Sunday.(=__________________________)
(5)be on the point of + doing “濒临，将要…”
例如：He was on the point of leaving.
(6)on (upon) + doing “一…就…”
例如：On hearing the news, I changed my plans.(= _______________________________________)
(7)go + doing (大部分指运动和游戏)
例如：He went shopping / hiking / swimming / fishing etc.
(8)动名词短语常用在以下结构中
have difficulty (in) + doing sth, have trouble (in) + doing sth ,have fun (in) + doing sth have a good time (in) + doing sth,have a hard time (in) + doing sth
例如：_________________________________________________.我们解决这个问题有困难。
(9)feel like+名词“想要”=would like to +原形动词
例如：__________________________________你想看电影吗?
__________________________________今晚我不想读书。
(三) 分词在句中充当的成分
(1)作定语。作定语的分词如果是单个分词，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面。在用作定语时，分词在意思上接近一个定语从句。
例如：The boring snow made the bored boys go home. (= _______________________________)
China is ______________________________发展中的社会主义国家
The man writing the obituary (讣告) is my friend.(= _____________________________)
The ______ glass scattered on the ground.破杯
注：现在分词与过去分词都可作定语，但现在分词表达的是正在进行的事情，有主动意义；而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情，有被动意义。
(2)作表语、宾语补足语。能带分词作宾补的动词常见的有see, hear, keep, find, notice, watch, think, want, smell, observe等。
例如：The story is boring.
I found him _______________. 在读小说(现在分词作宾语补足语)
I found him __________________________.被一群孩子包围着 (过去分词作宾语补足语)
(3)作状语。分词作状语可以表示时间, 原因, 条件, 结果, 伴随情况。
例如：_____________(read)all the required papers, he answered the questions fluently. ---时间
_________(be) short of money, I decided to apply for the work. ---原因
Seriously _______(injure)Allen was rushed to the hospital. ----原因
If ________(go)there by plane, we’ll have to pay twice as much.-条件
Unless ____(ask)to answer questions, the pupils were not supposed to talk in Mrs.Smith’s class.条件
The farmer used a new insecticide, thus _______(raise)the average yield by 15%. –结果
He sat in a rocking chair, ________(watch)TV. ---伴随
▲分词的特殊结构
独立主格
有时分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，这时分词须带上自身的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。这种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。
例如：That______(be) the case, we’d better make some changes in the plan.
Weather __________(permit),we will go out. == if weather permits
The teacher _______________(finish) the lesson, the students left the classroom.
“with或without + 名词或代词 + 分词”的复合结构
常用作补充说明或表示伴随情况。例如：He fell asleep with the lamp burning.
某些固定结构
generally / frankly speaking …,judging from / by …中，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词。
例如：Judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family.从他的衣着判断
_____________,I don't like him at all.坦率地说
catch+宾语+doing
例如：________________________________我抓住他们偷我的苹果。
_________________________________，she'll be furious.
如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤怒的
注：有些现在分词可以作介词用：如concerning, considering, regarding, respecting等。
例如：___________________, he is tall.考虑了他的年龄
I have nothing to say _____________________.关于他的演讲
三、非谓语动词比较
1．做主语宾语：-般来说，不定式和动名词成份相同时，表示客观性、一般性行为多用动名词表示，而表示一次性、具体性行为则多用不定式。
______________________ is her job.照看小孩
______________________ is his job today.打扫教室
I like ________, but I don't like _______ today because I don't feel well.游泳
注意
（1）.begin和start本身为进行时，或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时，须接不定式。
When we came in, they were beginning to have supper.
After his explanation, I began to understand it / realize that I was wrong.
(2).有些词后面既可以接不定式．亦可接动名词，但其意义有很大区别，须特别注意：
A．remember，forget，regret接动名词，表示完成意义(=having done)，接不定式，表示将来意义：
Please remember ________(bring)me the book I want next time.
I remember ______(see) her (=having seen her) somewhere before.
Don't forget ________(write)to me soon.
I never forget ________(visit) (=having visited) them for the first time.
I regret _______(miss) that good film last week.(后悔干……事)
I regret not ______(take) (not having taken) your advice.
I regret ______(say) I can't take your advice. (遗憾=be sorry)
B．mean：mean to do=want to do打算，想要……；mean doing：意味着，就是
I am sorry, I didn't mean _______(hurt)your feelings，
I meant _______(call) on you, but I was so busy.
Learning a foreign language doesn't mean just _______(work) in class.
C．stop：stop to do停下来，要干另一件事，不定式作目的状语；stop doing停止干……，动
名词作宾语。
After some time, they stopped _______(work)and had a rest.
After walking some time, they stopped ________(have)a rest.
D．try：try to do，努力，试图干……事；try doing：试着干……事
He searched everywhere and tried _______(find) his key.
He came to the city from the countryside and tried________(find) a job.
The mother is out and the boy had to try _______(cook) for himself.
They tried to succeed and tried ______(do) their experiments again and again.
E．want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，主语与动名词之间为动宾关系。
The bike requires _________(repair).
These young trees require _____________(look after).
The matter needs ________(think)over.(=to be thought over)
A Mr. Wang wants _______(see) you.
You don't need ________(leave)so early.
F．go on：go on to do继续干和原来不同的另一件事，不定式作目的状语。
go on doing继续干原来同一件事，动名词作宾语。
After a smoke，he went on _______(tell)us that interesting story.
After writing the composition he went on _______(work)out his maths problems.
G．动词advise，allow，permit，forbid后面接单宾语时用动名词，接复合宾语时用动词不定式。
Doctors advise _________ smoking to benefit one's health. 放弃
The doctor advised him _________ smoking so as to improve his health. 放弃
She doesn't allow (permit) _______ in her room.抽烟
H. consider to have done/consider doing(consider…to be)
I. be used to doing/be used to do
J.can’t help doing/to do
2.做宾补：
不定式可以表示一次性、具体性行为，以及将来意义的行为。现在分词可以表示当时正在发生的进行意义的行为，亦可表示-个持续时间的延续性的行为动作。过去分词可以表示完成意义的行为或状态，及物动词的过去分词亦有被动意义，不及物动词的过去分词仍是主动意义。
When I came in, I saw her _______(dance)happily.
I often hear her _____(sing) songs in English in her room.
They had the lights _______(burn) all night long.
I saw Li Ping ____(pass) by and enter the next room just now.
The mother will have the doctor _______(examine)her son again.
Tomorrow I'll have my hair ____(cut)
When I got home I found the window ______(break)and the thief ____(go) away already.
When they returned to their hometown, after an absence of twenty years, they found everything
________(change)
3.做表语：
不定式和动名词做表语解释主语内容，且可以和主语颠倒，意思仍然通顺，回答what的问题。它们有时存在经常性和一次性行为的区别，分词做表语表明主语的性质、特征和状态，不能和主语颠倒，可以回答how的问题。
Her job is cleaning offices.(What is her job?) (=___________________________)
Our job today is to clean the office.(=____________________________________)
The news is very exciting.(How is the news?)
They are very tired after a long walk.
The door is locked now.
The children are well dressed these days.
4.做定语：
不定式做定语与先行词有动宾、主谓和解释先行词内容等关系。在时态上常是将来意义，现在分
词做定语是现在时或进行时态意义；过去分词做定语则是完成时态意义。此外，不定式做定语时只能后
置，不可前置，而单个分词做定语可前置，分词短语做定语则须后置。动名词做定语，须前置，且要重
读，它表明先行词的用途。而分词做定语表明先行词的性质、特征和状态。
a swimming boy=_____________________ a swimming pool=_____________________
the boiling water=the water that is boiling drinking water=water for drinking
Today I have a letter to write.
Please find a man to help us.
It is a good chance _______________________________.练习你的口语
I like reading books written by Lu Xun.
The woman ___________________ is our English teacher.站在那边的
The house to be built (=_______________________________) next year will be our new library.
The house being built (=____________________) now will be our new library.
The house built (=_______________) last year is our new library now.
5.做状语：
不定式和分词做状语各有不同分工。动词不定式多做目的、结果和原因状语，且多放在句末；分词
可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式状语，多置于句首，做伴随状语，多放在后面。分词用于go doing
结构中作目的状语。
(1).目的状语：通常有不定式表示，由于不定式的客观性和将来性特征。不定式前还可加上in order，so as来加强说话的口气。但so as to通常不用于句首。
The Smiths have gone to London to spend their holidays.
I came here (in order/so as) to hear the report.
In order to(不用so as to) see better, we took front seats.
(2)．时间状语：分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。现在分词作时间状语一般位于句首，表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生，有时现在分词前可以加上时间连词。如果分词动作发生在谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成体形式。过去分词作时间状语与谓语动词构成同时性和被动意义。分词前有时加上时间连词。
Arriving (=_______________) at the bus stop, he found his sister there.
Waiting (=__________________) to see the doctor, I met with a friend of mine.
Having (=____________) made full preparations, we are ready for an examination.
Having (=___________) finished his homework, he went to bed.
After finishing his homework, he went to bed.
Seen (=_____________________) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.
Locked (=__________________) up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world.
___________________________, he said he was glad to do so.当请他作演讲时
______________, he will go all out to do his work.一旦康复
(3)．原因状语：不定式作原因状语往往用于形容词之后,这些形容词通常是happy, sorry, fortunate, angry, glad, ashamed, discouraged, delighted, frightened, shocked等。分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句。一般位于句首。
I am sorry to hear that you are not well.
I'm very sorry ________________________________让你久等了
We are greatly delighted to have a native as our guide.
Being (=____________) ill all last year, he lived in a sanatorium.
__________________________, he couldn't buy the dictionary that he wanted. 由于没有钱
Having (=______________) been asked to stay, they couldn't possibly leave right away.
Moved (=_______________) by the heroic deeds of the PLA man, he burst into tears.
(4)．条件状语：通常用分词来表示，相当于条件状语从句。一般位于句首。
Turning (=__________) to the left，you will see the post office.
United (=________________), we stand; divided (=if we are divided), we fall.
Given (=___________________n) more time, he would be able to do better.
(5)．结果状语从句：不定式作结果状语通常用于so+形容词或副词+as to，such+名词+as to，too…to，enough to和only to等结构。现在分词作结果状语表示谓语动词的结果。
He arrived late ______________________发现火车开走了
I worked late into the night,_________________________________结果发现我只做完了一半
He was so friendly as to be always helpful to his neighbors.
I ran faster than ever, reaching the schoolyard quite out of breath.
The man died young, ________________________除了债务什么也没有留下。
(6)．让步状语：通常由过去分词来表示，而且前面通常有表示让步意义的though。
______________, the soldier managed to get to the village safely.尽管受伤
___________________________, he still went skating on the thin ice.尽管警告他有危险
(7)．伴随或方式状语：分词作伴随状语通常位于句尾，表示谓语动词正在所处主动或被动的状态。
She ____________ towards us.跑过来
They walked along the streets, ____________________有说有笑
He went into the house, _________________身后跟着几个孩子
He continued to walk up and down, _______________陷入沉思
四、关于there be 的非谓语形式
there be非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语
1)作动词宾语时，通常用there to be结构，而不用there being。能这样用的及物动词为：expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate等，如：
_____________________________________________________，我们不希望有任何同志掉队。
They hate there to be long queues everywhere.______________
We have no objection to___________________________我们并不反对在这里开会。
2)作状语多用there being结构，但若置于介词for之后要用there to be
_______________________________,I had to do by myself．由于附近没有人，我只得独自干了。(原因状语)
It’s too early__________________________太早了，还不会有人起床。(作程度状语)
_________________________________________，the ground was very dry．
因为好长时间没下雨了，地面非常干燥。(原因状语)
3)作主语时两种结构都可以，但如是用for引导则要用there to be.
It is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young．
老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。
_________________________on campus is a great convenience to female teachers．
校园内有儿园对女教师十分方便。
篇16：非谓语动词复习教案 :倒装句语法及巩固练习
完全倒装：
1.用于There be 句型和here,there,out,in,down,then,now,off,away,
+不及物动词＋主语（代词作主语时除外）的句型中。
Here comes the bus. Now comes your turn.
Away ran the little boy. 比较： Here she comes.
2.表语用句首时要倒装，其结构为：
(1)表语＋连系动词＋主语
Present at the meeting were Professor Smith and many other
Guests.
(2)过去分词＋连系动词＋主语
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the
Chinese people.
(3)介词短语＋be(lie/live/stand)等＋主语
South of the city lies a big steel factory.
In the forest lives a tiger.
Under the tall tree stands an old man, who is Jim’s grandfather.
3.带有直接引语的句子位于引语后面或中间时，如
“Don’t make noise,please!” said the man.
比较：“Don’t make noise,please” he said.
4.为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语或状语可倒装。
They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat an old farmer.
Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens.
部分倒装：
1.用于never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,little,not until, at no time, rarely,
in no way,by no means 等含有否定意义的词的开头,引起部分倒装。
Not a word did he say at the meeting.
Never have I been to Beijing.
2.用于only 所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句开头时，引起主句
倒装。（但only 修饰主语时不倒装：如：Only Mr Smith can do it.)
Only in this way can we learn English well.
Only when the war was over in 1981 was he able to get happily back
to work.
3.用于由so,nor ,neither引起的表前者的情况也适合后者时，引起
倒装。如：－－I like swimming. --So do I.
--I didn’t pass the final examination. -- Nor/Neither did I.
试比较：--He is an American boy. --So he is.
4.由并列连词not only…but also, neither…nor连接的句子，
not only, neither放在句首时，引起部分倒装。
Not only does he write the words to the songs,but he also composes
the music.
5.用于由从属连词no sooner…than, scarcely…when/before, hardly…
when表示“一…就…”的概念，当no sooner, scarcely,或hardly置于
句首时，引起倒装。
Scarcely had I got home when it started to snow.
6.so …that的句型，如果so…提到句首，则构成部分倒装。
So loudly did he speak that people in the next room could hear him.
7.虚拟条件句有were,should,had 时，可将基提到句首，if 省略，
即构成倒装虚拟条件句。
Were I you,I would accept their invitation.
8.用于“形容词（副词，名词，动词）＋as(或though)”引导的让步
状语从句中，但主谓不倒装。如：
Pretty as she is, she is not clever.
Try as he would, he might fail again.
Much as he likes it, he won’t buy it.
如果从句中的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词。
如: Child as he was, he had to make a living.
二、巩固练习：
1.So ____ that no fish can live in it.
A.shallow is the lake B.the lake is shallow
C.shallow the lake is D.is the lake shallow
2.Little _____ about his own safety, though he was in great
danger himself.
A.does he care B.did he care C.he cares D.he cared
3._____ seen him before, ____ tell you his name?
A.Never have I;how I can B.I have never; how I can
C.Never have I; how can I D.I never have;how can I
4.Hardly _____ the bus stop _____the bus arrived.
A.we had got to; when B.we had got to; then
C.had we got to; than D.had we got to; when
5.-You seem to be an actor.
-- _____.I have played many parts in a lot of films.
A.So do I. B.So am I C.So I do. D.So I am.
6.____ ,he never seems able to do the work beautifully.
A.Try as he does B.As he tries
C.Try as does he D.As try he does
7.– I can’t see the picture well from here. --_____________.
A.Neither can’t I B.Neither I can
C.I can’t neither D.Neither can I
8.Not until he arrived home______ he find that his wallet had been
stolen.
A.did B.would C.when D.that
9.So carelessly _____ that he almost killed himself.
A.he drives B.does he drive C.did he drive D.he drove
10.Nowhere else in the world ______ cheaper tailoring than
in Hong Kong. A.a tourist can find B.can a tourist find
C.a tourist will find D.a tourist has found.
11._________ succeed in doing anything.
A.Only by working hard we can B.By only working hard we can
C.Only we can by working hard D.Only by working hard can we
12.Not only _____ repair bikes but he ____repair televisions.
A.he can; also can B.he can; can also
C.can he; also can D.can he; can also
13._____ did we go swimming in the Changjiang River.
A.Only B.Once C.Seldom D.When
14.So rapidly _____ that we could hardly follow him.
A.he spoke B.did he speak
C.he was speaking D.was he speaking
15.The door opened and _____ a middle-aged woman _____ an
expensive fur coat.
A.came in; in B.in came; in C.came in;on D. in came; on
16.____,he managed to send his daughter to school.
A.Poor man he was B.A poor man as he was
C.A poor man as was he D.Poor man as he was
17.No sooner ____ the thief stolen out of the store _____
he was caught by the collar.
A.did;when B.had;then C.had;suddenly D.had; than
18.When they hatch(孵化),_____ the little white worms.
A.come out B.out come C.out comes D.have come out
19._____my wife with a wallet in her hands just when I was
about to quarrel with a workmate about it.
A.There enter B.There entered
C.Entered there D.There entered into
20They thought somewhere in the desert _____ an ancient
city.
A.being B.lay C.was there D.lay there
04各省市高考--倒装句
1. There’s _____ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get _____?
A. little; some B. little; any C. a little; some D. a little; any
2.- I would never ever come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!
- _____.
A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I
3. ____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
4.Maybe you have been to many countries , but nowhere else_______ such a beautiful palace .
A.can you find B. you could find
C.you can find D.could you find
5. A modern city has been set up in________ was a wasteland ten years ago .
A. what B. which C. that D. where
6.I failed in the final examination last term and only then________ the importance of studies.
A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize
★ 定语从句教案
★ 初二英语教案
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