如何掌握理解分析句子结构(精选3篇)由网友“我是稻米”投稿提供,下面是小编帮大家整理后的如何掌握理解分析句子结构,欢迎阅读,希望大家能够喜欢。
篇1:如何掌握理解分析句子结构
如何掌握理解分析句子结构
改革后的GRE到底新在何处,尤其是阅读部分,到底有怎样的新手段,估计很多学生心中都有些忐忑。看完本文后,我相信很多人都会大为宽心,新GRE阅读其实没有变出什么新花样,只不过大量模仿了GMAT逻辑题的出题方式罢了。一言以蔽之:新GRE阅读 = 老GRE阅读 + GMAT逻辑。
大家都知道,老GRE阅读从篇幅上分有长文章和短文章;而在新GRE阅读中不但保留原来的长文和短文,还增加了只有一到四句话的超短文章,我将其称之为微文。微文不但微小,还有微妙之感。试看下例:
In the United States between 1850 and 1880, the number of farmers continued to increase, but at a rate lower than that of the general population
Which of the following statements directly contradicts the information presented above?
The number of farmers in the general population increased slightly in the 30 years between 1850 and 1880.
The rate of growth of the United States labor force and the rate of growth of the general population rose simultaneously in the 30 years between 1850 and 1880.
篇2:英语句子结构和分析
定义 :构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;
主要成分:主语和谓语
次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
㈠主语(subject)
句子说明的人或事物
Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词)
She went out in a hurry.(代词)
Four plus four is eight.(数词)
To see is to believe.(不定式)
Smoking is bad for health.(动名词)
The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)
What he has said is true. (句子)
㈡谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成
I saw the flag on the top of the hill?
He looked after two orphans.
复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词;
He can speak English well.
She doesn’t seem to like dancing.
(三)宾语
动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语
Show your passport, please. (名词)
She didn't say anything. (代词)
How many do you want? - I want two. (数词)
They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词)
They asked to see my passport. (不定式)
I enjoy working with you. (动名词)
Did you write down what he said? (句子)
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.
(四)连系动词,其后面的成分叫作表语。
The war was over.
They seem to know the truth.
Time is precious.
I’m not quite myself today.
That remains a puzzle.
I don’t feel at ease.
常见的系动词有be 动词,还有get ,become, turn, grow 等表 “变得”的词, 和感观动词sound, look, smel,taste,feel等。
(五)定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
He is a clever boy.(形容词)
His father works in a steel work.(名词)
There are 54 students in our class.(数词)
Do you known betty’s sister?(名词所有格)
He bought some sleeping pills.(动名词)
There is a sleeping baby in bed.(现在分词)
His spoken language is good.(过去分词)
定语后置:
如果定语是由一个单词表示时,通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时,通常则后置
The girl in red is his sister.
We have a lot of work to do.
The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
Do you know the man who spoke just now?
(六)状语
状语的功用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
I will be back in a while.
They are playing on the playground.
He was late because he got up late.
He got up so late that I missed the train.
I waited to see you.
He often went to school by bus.
His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
Please call me if it is necessary.
This book is very interesting.
He went to school in spite of his illness.
(七)宾语补足语
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足,使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 :
make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.
I found the book interesting.
Do you smell something burning?
He made himself known to them.
She asked me to lend her a hand.
宾语补足语:和宾语构成复合宾语。宾语和宾补之间存在内在逻辑上的主谓关系。
(八)同位语
位于名词或代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况
We young people should respect the old.(名词)
He himself will do the experiment.(代词)
He is the oldest among them four.(数词)
He told me the news that our team won the game.(从句)
篇3:英语句子结构分析
一.相关概念
1. 词性的英文缩写
在英语学习中,掌握单词词性非常重要。如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话,我们就不知道如何使用它们,所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。
缩写字母原词代表词性
n. noun 名词v.verb动词vt. transitive verb及物动词vi. intransitive verb不及物动词modal v.modal verb 情态动词aux. v.auxiliary verb助动词adj. adjective形容词adv. adverb 副词num.numeral数词interj.interjection感叹词pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition介词art.article冠词conjconjunction连词
口诀:n.为名,v.为动;adv.副adj.形;prep.借,pron.代;num.数art.冠,conj.连interj.感叹
2. 及物动词和不及物动词
实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词。
The door opened. (open后面没跟宾语,此时,open是不及物动词。)He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, 此时,open是及物动词。)
注意:
3. 实义动词、助动词与情态动词
实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。
实义动词
指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。
英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。
助动词
助动词的“助”是“帮助”之意。因此,助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句、倒装句和帮助强调的词。这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全,不能单独作谓语。常见的助动词为do, be, have,它们为基本助动词。一个词既可以作实义动词也可以作助动词,具体是哪一种,主要看它们在句中的功能。
情态动词
情态动词同助动词一样,不能单独作谓语,要和实义动词一起作谓语。因此,情态动词也称为情态助动词。情态动词同基本助动词的区别在于,基本助动词本身无意义,而情态动词有自己的意义。
二.句子成分
英语的句子成分主要有六种:即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。(可以熟记为:主谓宾,定状补)除了这六种主要成分之外,还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时,划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语,属于主语或宾语的一部分。
1. 主语
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。
2. 谓语
谓语由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
3. 表语
表语多是形容词,用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
4. 宾语
宾语由名词性的词充当,表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
5. 宾语补足语
宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话说,在意思上,宾语相当于宾补的主语。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等)+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
6. 主补
对主语的补充。含有宾语补足语的句子在变成被动语态,宾语作主语时,原来的宾补就成了主语补足语。
7. 定语
定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用“……的”表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
8. 状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫作状语。
9. 同位语
同位语是在名词或代词之后的并列名词或代词,对前者加以说明,近乎于后置定语。
★ 浅谈如何提高学生英语阅读能力的方法 (中学英语教学论文)
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