托福写作的6个注意内容（共8篇）由网友“Cjr小盆友”投稿提供，以下是小编整理了托福写作的6个注意内容，希望你喜欢，也可以帮助到您，欢迎分享！
篇1：托福写作的6个注意内容
托福写作的6个注意内容
1.托福写作到底考察你的什么能力。在大作文当中，考生需要展示四种能力，即解决问题的能力，证明自己观点的能力，对比的能力和反驳的能力。而这四种能力在文章中都是有具体的体现的。如证明自己观点的能力通常在主体段的第一部分，一般来说，你要提出三个不同角度的分论点。例如谈论老师在教学中的优势，你可以说监督作用，弹性和情感连接。这三条理由是在不同的层面。如果你说弹性，针对性，和个性化教学，就是在同一角度看问题，因为这三条是一个意思。
2.托福写作的评分标准。它是对以上四个能力的等级考量。这不仅仅是托福老师备课的内容，考生也应该充分的理解，才能有的放矢，获得理想的成绩。
3.对内容的评价。即是否把题目中所涉及的所有观点进行了讨论。这并不反对你选择一边倒。这方面同学们常犯的错误是自说自话。如有的同学认为老师不会被电脑所取代，然后在主体段论述了老师的数个优势，却完全没有提及电脑和网络的存在合理性及优势。这个不是理性的一边倒，而是片面看问题。考官的评语是the question is partially addressed. 这一项的评分不会超过24分。托福的六分相当于大学入学考试的及格分，而辩证看问题的能力是入大学门槛的一个前提。所谓辩证，就是你可以站在不同的角度看一个事情，并且能够看到各自的优劣势。
4.对论证过程的评价。你可以想象一场辩论，你是正方，你的对面坐着反方。怎样说服对方，这就是议论的目的。因此这一项的重点是论证的过程中逻辑清晰，论证合理。在这方面同学们常犯的错误是不够重视。很多人误以为托福考的是语言，不是内容，所以前两项评分标准被忽视了。很多同学过于追求遣词用句的难度，而忽略了意义的表达。这种情况通常发生在那些语言水平相当不错的学生身上。单独看文章的句子都够复杂，用词够难，但是整个段落或者文章的意思不连贯，甚至不知所云，前后矛盾。结果是把考官搞晕，把自己的成绩搞砸。无论是什么文体，交流是最终的目的。议论文的交流尤其注重逻辑性，即辩论的流畅和信服度。建议这样的同学放弃对词句的过度追求，改用简单的语言，把自己的思想清楚的表达出来，六分便唾手可得。
5.词汇量
6.语法和句型。这两个项目都是对语言能力的考察。所以对于那些语言基础不好的同学，六分似乎是一个难以逾越的障碍。其实，只要你的高中成绩能达到及格，六分就是有希望的。你可以以简单句为主，少量的加一些有把握的复杂句式;词汇不必太难，但是使用正确;整个文章的意思表达清楚，逻辑条理，考官能看明白你的观点是什么，就能达到六分了。
24分并非高不可攀，只要我们知道目标在哪里，就知道力气往哪里使。最后送大家一句话。If you don’t know where you’re going, you will probably end up somewhere else.
托福写作常出现的问题有哪些呢
托福写作评分标准中的几个常见错误举例
1. 词汇失误
Example 1: Reading can increase my words, rich my knowledge and enlarge my eyesight。
托福写作经验提到这是考生在描述读书的好处，其优点在于在句子结构方面尽力打造排比结构。然而，词汇失误严重影响句子理解和整体效果。“读书可增大词汇量，增长知识，开阔眼界。”本句中词汇失误频繁出现，如：increase，words，rich ;enlarge my eyesight令人费解。建议可做如下修改：
Revised: Reading can enlarge my vocabulary, enrich my knowledge and broaden my horizons。
Example 2: Sometimes I play with friends from my school。
此句是典型的Chinglish，在中文中，可以说“和朋友玩”，但是不可对应为英文的“play with friends”，其意思是把朋友当成了玩具。play 用作不及物动词时，常接介词 with，表示“玩;玩耍”。例如：
The little boy is playing with a yoyo。
Don't play with fire. It is very dangerous。
2.用词不当
学生们写的作文里或多或少都会有一些用词不当的问题，但是要注意的是一些最最基本的错误是托福作文中不能犯的。
In the show, if participators answer twenty problems that the host mentioned correctly, they will get five hundreds thousand U.S. dollars as a prize.
——problems应改为questions
这里的拼写错误不是指在考试时候的误打，而是本身对词汇拼写记忆的错误。
In conclusion, issue of whether parents are the best teachers is a complex one, requiring subjective judgement, consequently, there are no easy or certain answers.
——judgement应改为judgment
3.句子层面的常见失误
考生在语法方面的错误主要表现为“主谓不一致、可数名词单复数错误、时态错误、限定动词和非限定动词错误”等，这里就不一一赘述了。此外，还有一些句子层面的常见问题值得我们关注，现列举如下：
1. Run-on Sentences (串句)
串句是不用连词和标点而把两个(或以上)独立的句子串在一起的错误表达。有些串句是不用任何标点间隔两个甚至更多的句子;有些串句是在该用句号时滥用逗号，忽略了英语语言中的逗号本身没有连接句子的功能这一原则。
例如：
Rita decided to stop smoking she didn’t want to die of lung cancer。
The exam was postponed the class was canceled as well。
修改原则
First of all, children can earn money from their jobs, although there isn’t too much, but they will keep their salary gingerliness.
这里的gingerliness根本是不知所云。该句子还有以下问题：
1)该作文题目是讲学生是否应该做兼职，因此children的出现就显得很莫名其妙;
2)although和but是不能连用的;
3)指代不明，they不知道是指代前面的什么;
4)表达中式
The second argument-it might have been noticed by others-is that in some occasion, it is quite difficult to compare parents to teachers because parents are a kind of people, teachers are a kind of vocation.
1、句子中划线部分的表达过于中式化。
A。把原句分成两个独立的句子。
Rita decided to stop smoking. She didn’t want to die of lung cancer。
The exam was postponed. The class was canceled as well。
B。用并列连词连接两个句子。
Rita decided to stop smoking, for she didn’t want to die of lung cancer。
The exam was postponed, and the class was canceled as well。
C。用分号连接两个句子。
Rita decided to stop smoking; she didn’t want to die of lung cancer。
The exam was postponed; the class was canceled as well。
2、Fragmentary sentences (破句)
破句是把不完整的句子当作独立的子句来写作时发生的错误。常见错误包括：从属连词引起的破句，ing分词和不定式结构引起的错误，增添细节引起的破句和缺少主语的破句。
例如：
After I arrived in Chicago by bus. I checked into a room. Then I went to a diner to get something to eat。
修改原则：改正从属连词引起的破句时，可以把该从句附属于其前或其后某个子句上。也可以去掉破句中的连词。
I arrived in Chicago by bus and found a place to stay. Then I went to a diner to get something to eat。
当然，对于其它形式的破句，可以根据不同情况给予改正。如，改正 -ing结构引起的破句时，可以把它附属在其前或其后的某个句子上，可以添加主语，把 -ing形式改变成谓语动词，把being形式改成作谓语的be动词(is, are, was, were, am );改正不定式结构引起的破句时，可以把它附属于前句上;改正添加细节引起的破句时，可以把它附属在前面一个表达完整思想的句子上;可以给破句加上主语和动词使它成为一个独立子句;可以尽可能改变词序，辅以增减词，使破句成为前句的组成部分;改正缺少主语的破句时，可以把它附属于前句上，也可以给破句添加主语(通常是指代前句主语的代词形式)。
新东方在线提醒您出国留学首先要做好留学规划，为早在高一、高二、大一、大二就有留学计划的申请人提供“留学规划”的服务，正所谓“凡事预则立，不预则废。”从学业，实习，课外等角度全面提高申请人，才能赢得进入名校、争取奖学金的竞争力。
天道“留学规划”具体服务项目如下：
1. 帮助申请人制定申请目标
2. 根据申请目标，分析申请人背景优劣势
3. 制定各项出国考试时间规划
4. 针对目标专业和目前背景，确定专业相关成绩提升，选修课以及辅修专业方案
5. 制定学术、研究背景提升计划
6. 制定实习工作计划，指导制作实习简历，提供面试辅导
7. 制定社会活动方案及国际文化交流计划
8. 制定名校/奖学金申请方案
9. 初步选定推荐人，指导申请人联系合适的推荐人
10. 制定适合申请人的个性化《教育规划方案》
高产“章”又来了，这次咱们聊托福独立写作
托福独立写作-论证套路
The something that I do not like may be an occasional or rare case. ←论证思路的亮点：以circumstance为切入点 (此处有福利：这个逻辑切入点直接接驳GRE写作的要求)。I do not think that I would stop being friends with that person just because of the rare or infrequent occurrence of such a case. If most of the things that friend does align with my ideas and there are a few times I may disagree with him or her, I think, to be realistic, that the friendship is already sound, since there would be no people who could always think the way I think or do things my way. ←复杂句型：为什么(原因状语从句)在某种条件下(条件状语从句)发生某件事情(主句)。As a matter of fact, this happens to me and to everyone. If a friend of mine chooses a journey with some people I do not know over a party that celebrates my birthday, our friendship would not end, although theabsence may be unpleasant, admittedly. ←复杂句型：在某种条件下(条件状语从句)发生某件事情(主句), 虽然什么情况发生(让步状语从句)。Thetoleration is necessary since I would not be able to guarantee that everything I do would please him.
独立写作技法|别拿 “四选一” 吓唬人!
独立写作题目
Which way do you think is the most effective way to deal with homesickness:
1.Do activities or eat foods that remind you of home;
2. Maintain contact with people from home;
3. Make new friends;
4. Try activities and foods that are special to the place you are in.
写作范文
.选项1和选项2的优势在于，让异乡同家乡无差异，因为无差异所以不想家。
对应而言，选项3和选项4的(对应)劣势在于，让异乡与家乡的差异可能很明显，差异使人想家。
.于是，对于抛弃选项3和选项4的讨论可以仅仅从这个关键劣势(the key and shared disadvantage)着手，而不一定再写别的理由。
再于是，题目就被简化成“三选一”了。
.然后，选项1优于选项2的点在于，activities和foods更现实 (They are present, practical, and tangible.)，而家乡的朋友可能还是很“远”(They are still physically distant.)。
首先，针对选项3和选项4的让步：One might make new friends to seek company, and the one might also try the local activities to adapt to the local community. Both ways are to make the one less of a stranger in the new place. 然后转折提出关键劣势： However, either way would create a strong sense of displacement because of the likely stark differences between the new place and home, which become increasingly perceptible as the one meets more and more new people and tries more and more activities and foods. 至此，迅速抛弃选项3和选项4。如果有必要，可以举例子：blah blah blah blah blah blah.
另起一段，先讨论选项1和选项2的优势(别贪恋篇幅)： blah blah blah blah blah blah. 然后,讨论选项1优于选项2的点(讨论的重点)： blah blah blah blah blah blah. 于是，就是典型的两者对比：“二选一”。
复杂句型为长句，长句的信息量大
是段落内容的核心
其它句子的作用是：
引入、铺陈、过渡、补充、总结等
At this point, tolerance is important also because ←使得段落之间形成联系 if a friendship stops just because I cannot accept anything I disagree with, I would not have any friends. 论证思路的亮点：以consequence为切入点 (此处有福利：这个逻辑切入点直接接驳GRE写作的要求)。As is mentioned above, there would be no people who could always think the way I think or do things my way. In other words, it would be idealistic that none of our friends would ever do anything that we dislike, and we would be setting the bar too high, and, as a result, seldom would we have any friendship with anyone. ←复杂句型：平行复合句。复杂句型为长句，长句的信息量大，是段落内容的核心。Unfortunately, one of my dorm-mates adopts this unrealistic view. I constantly hear his complaints that his friends annoy him as they do something he does not like, and many of his friendships have been terminated until this fussy dorm-mate has no friends at all.
托福写作3种常用简单句式详解 句式多样化提升得分评价
托福写作简单句实用句式：there be句型
there be句型可以说是绝大部分同学或多或少写过的句式。但很多同学写作时很少想到去用这个句式，主要是因为老给考生使绊的“Chinglish思维方式”。Therebe的句型在写作中极容易犯错，比如：明天将会有很多重大新闻。有的考生想都不想地就写成：Tomorrow will have many significant news. 这样的句子就属于较严重的语法错误，tomorrow能发出have这个动作吗?肯定是不能的，所以主语并不是tomorrow。这里很明显没有可以发出“有“这个动作的主语，所以正确答案应该是：There will be many significant news tomorrow. tomorrow 是典型的时间状语，所以以后在there be的写作中要注意可能出现的状语和主语的混淆错误。
托福写作简单句实用句式：动名词做主语
动词一般不可以在句首做主语，但是如果把动词加上ing，它就会变成“动名词“，那么这个主语就“名正言顺”了。语法书中定义：“动名词，即是兼有名词和动词特征的非限定性动词，可以做主语、定语、表语和宾语等。”
所以这样表达最合适：
读书是一门艺术：Reading is an art.
可以发现，动名词做主语的句子所包含的意思真的不是针对哪一个或哪一类人，暗指的对象应该是整个大众，所以，使用动名词开头的句型不仅是在说理，而且还更加客观、科学，是书面语的标志。
托福写作简单句实用句式：代词做主语
这种句型还是适用在找不到主语的情况下，但是情况要显得更加复杂一些。例如：“现在对于很多老师来说处理学生的在校不恰当行为并不是那么容易。”
句子看上去似乎很复杂，考生可能需要想很久、慢慢理清楚词与词之间的关系。其实，这时候有种很简单的方法就可以轻松地解决问题。那就是如果句子里有形容词，可以用这个句型来处理：“It is + adj. + for somebody to do sth.”
以上就是托福写作简单句的3种实用句式介绍，希望大家能够在写作时多加思考，丰富句式运用，提升写作得分。
篇2：托福写作6个注意事项
托福写作6个注意事项
1.托福写作到底考察你的什么能力。在大作文当中，考生需要展示四种能力，即解决问题的能力，证明自己观点的能力，对比的能力和反驳的能力。而这四种能力在文章中都是有具体的体现的。如证明自己观点的能力通常在主体段的第一部分，一般来说，你要提出三个不同角度的分论点。例如谈论老师在教学中的优势，你可以说监督作用，弹性和情感连接。这三条理由是在不同的层面。如果你说弹性，针对性，和个性化教学，就是在同一角度看问题，因为这三条是一个意思。
2.托福写作的评分标准。它是对以上四个能力的等级考量。这不仅仅是托福老师备课的内容，考生也应该充分的理解，才能有的放矢，获得理想的成绩。
3.对内容的评价。即是否把题目中所涉及的所有观点进行了讨论。这并不反对你选择一边倒。这方面同学们常犯的错误是自说自话。如有的同学认为老师不会被电脑所取代，然后在主体段论述了老师的数个优势，却完全没有提及电脑和网络的存在合理性及优势。这个不是理性的一边倒，而是片面看问题。考官的评语是the question is partially addressed. 这一项的评分不会超过24分。托福的六分相当于大学入学考试的及格分，而辩证看问题的能力是入大学门槛的一个前提。所谓辩证，就是你可以站在不同的角度看一个事情，并且能够看到各自的优劣势。
4.对论证过程的评价。你可以想象一场辩论，你是正方，你的对面坐着反方。怎样说服对方，这就是议论的目的。因此这一项的重点是论证的过程中逻辑清晰，论证合理。在这方面同学们常犯的错误是不够重视。很多人误以为托福考的是语言，不是内容，所以前两项评分标准被忽视了。很多同学过于追求遣词用句的难度，而忽略了意义的表达。这种情况通常发生在那些语言水平相当不错的学生身上。单独看文章的句子都够复杂，用词够难，但是整个段落或者文章的意思不连贯，甚至不知所云，前后矛盾。结果是把考官搞晕，把自己的成绩搞砸。无论是什么文体，交流是最终的目的。议论文的交流尤其注重逻辑性，即辩论的流畅和信服度。建议这样的同学放弃对词句的过度追求，改用简单的语言，把自己的思想清楚的表达出来，六分便唾手可得。
5.词汇量
6.语法和句型。这两个项目都是对语言能力的考察。所以对于那些语言基础不好的同学，六分似乎是一个难以逾越的障碍。其实，只要你的高中成绩能达到及格，六分就是有希望的。你可以以简单句为主，少量的加一些有把握的复杂句式;词汇不必太难，但是使用正确;整个文章的意思表达清楚，逻辑条理，考官能看明白你的观点是什么，就能达到六分了。
24分并非高不可攀，只要我们知道目标在哪里，就知道力气往哪里使。最后送大家一句话。If you don’t know where you’re going, you will probably end up somewhere else.
托福考试作文范文:是否所有学科的大学生都应该学习历史?
托福考试作文题目：
University students should be required to take history courses no matter what field they study.
学习任何学科的大学生都应该被要求学习历史课，是否认同?
(9月29日 = 6月13日)
思路拓展：
历史学习的利好：
1. 阅读本身就是快乐的，学习本身就是一种成长。阅读经典史书，无论是典故，传记，还是语录，都是一种开拓视野，丰富知识，增加文化底蕴的过程。
2. 很多精英，无论是文体明星，还是商业巨子，他们的成功的重要因素之一就是大学期间博览群书，钻研历史。学习历史不仅增强了他们的文化底蕴，更加教会他们以史为鉴，理性思考。换言之，他们不断借鉴史书，积累成功的方法，学习失败的经验。当他们走出校园，搏击商海，拓展事业的时候，从历史学习中汲取精神力量帮助他们避免犯类似的错误，危机中做出明智选择。
为何不学习历史：
我承认，有人也许对于我的立场持怀疑态度。
有人认为，大学所有专业的学生都被要求学习历史也许不可取，因为不是人人都对历史感兴趣，历史学习不一定对于每个专业的学生都有实际的利好。例如，对于植物学专业的学生而言，学习历史可能耽误时间，分散精力，因此，积累历史知识对于未来的就业可能影响不大。
但是，我想反驳的是：对于历史学习的兴趣是可以培养的，通过学习历史获得的精神乐趣，培养的辩证思维对于每个人的未来都是有利好的影响。
托福考试作文范文:你是否同意独处是最佳的缓解压力的方式?
托福考试作文题目：
Do you agree or disagree with: Spending time alone is the best way to reduce the stress?
是否同意独处是最佳的缓解压力的方式?
【相关提问】
1. Which way would you like to take to improve your health?
2. Eat more healthy food
3. Do more exercises
4. Reduce stress by other ways
思路拓展：
为何独处不是最好的缓压方式，其他缓解压力的方式有哪些：
1. 参加群体性的体育活动(例证展开)
2. 和朋友们去旅行 (细节展开)
【原创语料库】
1. strain = stress = pressure
n压力
2. feel stressful
adj感到压力的
3. be under a pool of pressure
v压力很大
4. burn the mid-night oil
v开夜车(为工作，学习)
5. work far into the night
v 工作到深夜
6. strike a proper balance between rest and work
v劳逸结合
7. People always believe that they will be less busy in the future than now，however，they are, sometimes， too occupied to relax for a while.
人们一直以为将来会比现在轻松， 然而，有时候，他们太忙碌，以至于不能稍微放松下。
点评：relax for a while 放松一下
点评：too……to…… 太……而不能……
8. A lot of modern people with demanding jobs need a proper way to relieve their pressure caused by tight working scheme.
很多现代人，工作极有挑战性，因此，他们需要一种适当的方式缓解紧张工作引起的压力。
点评：tight working scheme n紧张的工作计划
9. Modern people are now under a pool of pressure ranging from pursuing academic excellence to sustaining the family to developing personal career.
现代人压力很大，压力来自追求学业，赡养家庭，发展事业。
词汇：range from v 从……到……
10. Some people argue that to enjoy the happiness of solitude is the best way to get relaxed.
有人认为享受独处的乐趣是放松的最佳方式。
11. In comparison with being alone, embarking on group physical exercises and travelling with friends deserve more praises in terms of reducing pressure.
对比独处，从事群体性的体育锻炼，和朋友旅行在缓解压力方面更加值得推荐。
词汇：in comparison with adv和……对比
点评：in terms of adv在……方面
12. …… is a good stress-reducer
v ……是缓解压力的有效方式
13. …… is an effective way to relax one’s body and ease one’s mind
……是放松身心的良好方式
14. …… in this way, one’s circle of friends grows
v因此，人的朋友增多了
15. to enjoy the company of intimate friends
v享受好友的陪伴
16. …… add color to one’s dull routine of everyday life
v ……增加了人们枯燥琐碎生活的乐趣
17. Spending time alone is merely a short-term stress relief.
独处仅仅是短期的缓解方式。
点评：relief n.(痛苦，压力等的)减轻
18. To climb the mountain with a group of like-minded friends over weekends is a superior approach to relax and entertain, which will increase one’s resilience over time.
在周末，和一群志同道合的好友一起爬山是更好的放松娱乐的方式，爬山运动可以增加人的乐观情绪。(例证展开)
点评：increase one’s resilience over time
v 随着时间的推移，增加人的乐观情绪。
19. Those who like to spend time alone, to large extent, tend to become socially inadequate and thus fail to establish good interpersonal relationship.
喜欢独处的人，在很大程度上，易于变得社交方面力不从心，也很难建立良好的人脉资源。
点评：tend to become socially inadequate
v容易变得社交方面力不从心 (推荐背诵)
20. Although to reduce pressure by being alone sounds appealing to some extent，I still enjoy the company of friends and group stress-reducing approach.
经管独自缓解压力在某种程度上听起来有吸引力，但是我依然喜欢好友的陪伴以及群体性的缓压方式。
篇3：托福写作：结尾应该注意什么
托福写作：结尾应该注意什么
· 重申立场
· 重申立场+总结理由
· 让步+重申立场
· 重申立场+引申扩展
引申扩展包括：
·强调反对派立场会带来的后果
·展望未来问题的前景
·强调重要性
一、重申立场
“It is difficult for people to achieve professional success without sacrificing important aspects of a fulfilling personal life.”
In conclusion, given the growing demands of career on today’s professionals, a fulfilling personal life remains possible by working smarter, by setting priorities, and by making suitable career choices.
二、重申立场+总结理由
“Since science and technology are becoming more and more essential to modern society, schools should devote more time to teaching science and technology and less to teaching the arts and humanities.”
In conclusion, schools should not devote less time to the arts and humanities. These areas of study augment and enhance learning in mathematics and science, as well as helping to preserve the richness of our entire human legacy while inspiring us to further it. Moreover, disciplines within the humanities provide methods and contexts for evaluating the morality of our technology and for determining its proper direction.
三、让步+重申立场
“Job security and salary should be based on employee performance, not on years of service. Rewarding employees primarily for years of service discourages people from maintaining consistently high levels of productivity.”
In the final analysis, the statement correctly identifies job performance as the single best criterion for salary and job security. However, the statement goes too far, it ignores the fact that a cost-of-living salary increase for tenured employees not only enhances loyalty and, in the end, productivity, but also is required by fairness.
四、重申立场+引申扩展
How far should a supervisor go in criticizing the performance of a subordinate? Some highly successful managers have been known to rely on verbal abuse and intimidation. Do you think that this is an effective means of communicating expectations? If not, what alternative should a manager use in dealing with someone whose work is less than satisfactory?
In conclusion, supervisors should avoid using verbal abuse and threats. These methods degrade subordinates, and they are unlikely to produce the best results in the long run. It is more respectful, and probably more effective overall, to handle cases of substandard work performance with clear, honest and supportive feedback.
托福写作高分满分范文点评和思路解析：汽车改变现代生活
托福写作难点话题一览
Has automobile improved modern life or caused serious problems?
Some people think that the automobile has improved modern life. Others think that the automobile has caused serious problems. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
写作思路展开结构分析
汽车改善生活还是造成严重问题。这道题目是比较常见的科技进步影响生活的话题。既然题目已经给出了两个较为明确的选择，那么考生从中选择其一就可以了。选择汽车改善生活的可以从其带来哪些便利的角度来具体展开。选择造成问题的则需要详细说明造成了哪些问题，注意给出的例子要能够体现serious这一点才行。
本话题高分范文赏析
Over the course of the past one hundred years the automobile has become a staple of modern society, and its impact has been considerable. Yet the question of whether it has improved our live or caused serious problems is irrelevant, because the automobile has done both. Consequently, we should develop its strengths and seek to correct the problems it continues to cause in order to reap greater benefits from this tool.
With the invention of the automobile the age of transportation shifted into another gear. Quickly it became possible for people to travel more comfortably and conveniently to destinations near and far, and the figurative world moved closer together. Trucks carried cargo across countries and soon became serious competition for trains and ships. As a result, food and other consumer goods have become available even in remote areas, overall living standards have improved, and the automobile industry, which has grown fantastically over the course of the past century, employs millions of workers worldwide.
However, as societal reliance and global economic dependence have grown together with the automobile industry, many significant problems have surfaced. Car and truck exhausts pollute the air in metropolitan areas around the world and thus create serious health problems. The continued use of fossil fuel engines and the scarcity of oil have led to much political strife and even war, particularly in the oil rich region of the Middle East.
As the powerful automobile industry remains reluctant and has yet to successfully promote an engine type that does not rely on gasoline power, the problem of fossil fuel shortage will become an even more serious problem.
Since the automobile is here to stay we must not only enjoy its conveniences, but we must also aim to reduce the problems it has caused, for example air pollution and over reliance on fossil fuel engines. In the same vein, we must encourage the usage of alternative fuel sources, which have been researched and developed successfully. Then the benefits of the automobile will outweigh the serious problems.
托福写作范文积累
Groups or organizations are an important part of some people's lives. Why are groups or organizations important to people?
It was said that human beings are social animals. Some might argue human beings should be not called animals, but it’s true that human beings are social. Therefore, it’s of no surprise that groups or organizations are almost an indispensable part of most people’s lives.
Most people are afraid of being alone, and for them, being with others is one of the most natural needs. Being a member of a group is comfortable. If an individual has gone so far as to being considered isolated, rumors arise. Others might ponder: what is the matter with that solitary individual? No one would like to be wondered in that way. Being a member of a group is also interesting. Every one has his own special means to pursue of happiness, for example, he might be keen on music concerts, or be fond of stamps collecting. By join a special interest group on his pet topic, he can easily find many people whose interests are similar to his, and can share his pleasure with those who can really appreciate it in proper way.
Many people find group or organizations are essential because they know a simple and never-changed fact that every single individuals on this Earth has only limited resources. Groups or organizations are always the best choice for an individual to emancipate himself from limitation. By joining a group, an individual is able share his limited resource with others, and share others’ resources in turn, therefore is virtually able to reach a much larger amount of resources. The most popular resource-sharing activities exist in the Internet. There are numerous BBS on almost every particular topic on various websites, which always makes copious valuable materials readily reachable. No matter what a person is interested in, for example, music, movie, books, or whatever, he will find a right group to join on the internet.
In fact, any individual in a sense exists in a certain group: either he is a member of some groups, or he is a leader of a group. Either way, the group is critical to him. He cannot achieve greatness solely by himself, regardless of his status in the group; he needs others, for help, for support, and many other things, since nobody but God, should he be alive, is entirely independent and omnipotent
篇4：托福写作行文注意细节
托福写作行文注意细节分享 这13个大小写常识要了解
1.直接引语中，句首字母要大写。
例如：“Then，”I said，“You havebeen making a mistake，and the letter is not in the apartment.”“那么，”我说，“你准弄错了。这封信并不在那栋房子里。”
2.星期、月份名称的第一个字母要大写，但季节第一个字母不大写。
例如：Sunday星期天，August八月，winter冬天，spring春天。
3.一些大型节日名称的第一个实词的第一字母都要大写。
如：Children‘s Day儿童节，National Day国庆节， Teachers’ Day教师节。
4.由普通名词构成的专有名词词组，除其中的冠词、较短的介词和连词外，每个词的第一字母都要大写。
例如：the Great Wall长城，the UnitedStates美国。
5.大型会议、文件、条约名称的每个实词(虚词：副词、介词、连词、助词、叹词和拟声词则不用大写)的第一个字母都要大写。书名、报刊名应大写首字母，文章标题中的每一个实词的第一个字母要大写。
如：China Daily《中国日报》
6.诗歌的每一行的第一个单词的第一个字母要大写。
7. 表示称呼语或职务的词首字母要大写。
实例：Mr Green格林先生， Dr Li李博士
8.大多数的缩略词要大写。
实例：CCTV(中国中央电视台)， ID(身份证)， CD(光盘)
10.地名、国名和人名等专有名词第一个字母要大写。
例如：China(中国)，Shanghai(上海)，Chengdu(成都)，Jack(杰克)。
11.一些亲属关系(如mother，sister，mum，dad等)用作称呼语时第一个字母要大写。
例如：Thank you，Granny. 谢谢你，姥姥。
12.人名前的称呼或头衔第一个字母应大写。
例如：Mr Smith，Dr Wang，Miss Mary。
13.表示语种、民族的名词或形容词第一个字母要大写。
例如：English英语，Chinese汉语、中国人(的)。
9.句子开头的第一个字母要大写。“I(我)”在句中任何位置都要大写。
例如：What‘s her name?
Mary and I are teachers.
托福写作语料库积累：现在比过去更容易接受教育
People are now easier to become educated than in the past. Do you agree or disagree 现代人比过去更加容易接受教育，是否认同?
托福写作语料库：
1. Education is one of the key words of our time，a man without education，man of us believe，is the victim of adversity.教育是我们时代的关键词之一，一人没有受过教育的人，我们很多人认为，是逆境的牺牲者。
点评：本句谈及教育的重要性。
2. Education has a key role to play in one’s personal growth and a nation’s further development. 教育在个人成长和国家的发展中发挥了重要的重要。
解析：has a key role to play in…… 在……方面可以发挥重要的重要
3. People differ greatly in their views over whether people are easier to get educated than before. 关于是否人们比过去更加容易接受教育，人们的观点差异很大。
4. It seems easier for people to get well-educated in the present day society. 当今社会，似乎人们更加容易接受良好的教育。
解析：get well-educated = receive fine education v 接受良好的教育
5. The Internet greatly diversifies people’s option of receiving education. 互联网使得人们接受教育的选择更加多元化。
解析：diversify = enrich v 使多样化
6. With the popularity of on-line education, people could acquire and update knowledge via drawing on rich on-line educatioal resource. 由于网络教育的流行，人们可以通过利用丰富的在线教育资源，学习知识，不断充电。
解析：update knowledge v充电(学习)
7. Distance education is highly convenient, because learners can be free to take any suitable course through an on-line course selection system. 远程教育高度便利，因为学习者可以通过在线的选课系统，自由选择适合自己的课程。
点评：本句还可以对比网络教育以及课堂教育。
8. It can effectively surmount geographical barrier and enhance the flexibility of learning，therefore，many learners in remote areas have access to fine teaching resources 网络教育有效地克服了地域的障碍，提高了学习的灵活性，因此，很多偏远地区的学习者也有机会获得良好的教育资源。
9. In this sense, distance learning provide people with more opportunities to receive fine education, some special learning group, such as disabled learners, ill students or busy employees, could serve as perfect examples. 因此，远程学习给人们提供了更多的机会去接受良好的教育，一些特殊的学习群体，例如残疾学习者，生病的学生，忙碌的企业职员都是很好接受网络教育的例证。
解析：serve as perfect examples 是很好的例证
10. In addition to the availability of various cyber educational resources, the state support in education is another stimulating factor that facilitate various education 除了各种在线网络教育资源，国家在教育方面的支持是另外一个因素，对于各种教育提供便利。
解析：facilitate v 使容易;有助于……
11. Education is the driving force of productivity, in this sense, the government of many developed and developing country attach great importance to the instruction. 教育是生产力的驱动力，因此，很多发达国家和发展中国家的政府高度重视教育。
解析：attach great importance to = lay more stress on = give priority to v 更加重视……
12. Thanks to the support from the government such as popularizing free elementary education or promoting the salary of teachers， more and more people have access to fine education, especially for those who coming from poverty-stricken families or remote rural areas 因为政府支持，例如普及免费的基础教育或者是提高教育者的薪水，很多人有机会接受良好的教育，尤其是对于那些来自贫困的家庭或者是遥远的乡村地区。
解析：thanks to 多亏了
13. Past several decades witnessed obvious multiplication of family income, which enables those who cannot afford high tuition fees of university to receive higher education. 过去很多年，人们的家庭收入增加，这使得很多不能支付大学教育的人有机会接受高等教育。
14. Meanwhile, more and more people begin to recognize the significance of education and the pleasure of life-long learning, that is why so many training organizations spring up overnight. 同时，很多人认识到教育的意义和终身学习的乐趣，这就是为何很多的培训机构一夜之间涌现出来。
15. Even those retired old men now have more opportunities to develop their personal interest by means of selecting their favorite training courses. 即使，退休的老人现在又更多的机会通过选择自己喜爱的培训课程发展自己的个人兴趣。
16. It is indeed easier for modern people to receive good education because of the availability of diverse mode of education, the assistance from the government and the increase of family income 现在人接受良好的教育确实是更加容易，因为人们可以利用各种教育的模式，因为政府支持教育，因为家庭收入的增加。
解析：indeed adv 确实
托福写作语料库积累：教师是否需要进修
Should all school teachers be required to attend courses every 5 years to update their knowledge?
所有中小学教师都应该被要求每五年进修学习一次，是否认同?
托福写作语料库
1. In this age of knowledge explosion， many employees usually feel weak in keeping the of pace career development. 在这个知识爆炸的时代，很多职员感到他们很难跟上事业发展的步伐。
2. It is wise to require every school educator to update knowledge 要求中小学教育者充电学习是明智的选择。
解析：update one’s knowledge v更新知识(充电学习)
拓展：acquire new knowledge v 学习新知识
3. Updating knowledge is a fundamental requirement for a highly qualified teacher .更新知识是对于一个高度合格的教育者的最基本的要求.
4. Students are more likely to enjoy their study if their teachers can disseminate knowledge more vividly and humorously 如果老师们可以更加生动地幽默地传播知识，学生们就会更加享受学习。
拓展：disseminate knowledge = pass on knowledge = convey knowledge v传播知识
解析：dis(分开)+ semin(种子)+ ate(动词词尾)= disseminate v 传播
5. Learners， in most cases， will respect and admire a teacher who is knowledgeable enough to answer the questions they raise. 学生们，多数情况下会尊敬和喜欢一个可以解答他们的疑问的博学的老师。
解析：students = learners n学习者
6. It is commendable for school educators to receive better professional training at least every five years. 中小学教育者至少每五年接受一次职业教育培训的做法是值得赞美的。
解析：commendable adj 值得赞美的
7. Further educational training can make an instructor rediscover the beauty of the teaching career. 进修学习可以使得一个教育者重新发现教学的美丽。
8. Otherwise，the sense of burnout will gradually grow on them 否则的话，他们会渐渐产生一种职业的倦怠。
解析：grow on v 加深对于…… 的影响
解析：sense of burnout n倦怠感
9. Therefore，those who receive on-the-job training will become more faithful to the organizations they serve because they can feel the sense of belonging and being valued. 接受在职培训老师们对于所他们服务的企业会更加忠诚，因为他们可以感受到一种归属感，一种被重视的感觉。
解析： on-the-job training n 在职培训
10. When teachers excel in their specialized knowledge， not only does them become more popular among students, but also it may inspire their creativity and passion in teaching.当老师们精通专业知识的时候，他们不仅仅可以受到学生的欢迎，更加可以鼓励他们的创造力和工作热情。
解析：excel in professional knowledge v 精通专业知识
11. If teachers’ motivation can be highly stimulated, their dedication to teaching career and spirit of self-improvement will inject new life into the further prosperity of relevant schools. 当老师们教学热情被极大地激发的时候，他们的敬业态度和自我提高的精神会给相关学校的发展注入新鲜的活力。
拓展：inject new life into = inject fresh vitality into v 为……注入新鲜活力
12. Elementary knowledge are so simple that school teachers needn’t to take trouble to update their knowledge. 基础知识都是很简单的，因此中小学的教育者没有必要专门更新知识。
13. Still, on-job training scheme will impose much pressure upon a school economically. 另外，在职培训的计划会给一个学校增加巨大的经济压力。
解析：impose much pressure upon a …… economically v 为……增加经济压力
14. All school educators should be required to attend relevant training courses to maintain competitive every five years. 所有的教育者应该被要求每五年参加相关的培训以保持竞争力。
15. …… can enhance the reputation of a school = …… can make a school enjoy tremendous popularity …… 可以提高一个学校的美誉度。
解析：enjoy tremendous popularity v 享有盛誉
拓展：tremendous = great adj 极大的
解析：indeed adv 确实
托福写作模板：电视电影如何影响人们行为
How do movies or television influence people's behavior? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.
托福写作模板范文参考：
Movies are popular because people are great watchers. They like to watch other peoples' lives. They like to live vicariously. By going to movies, we can escape our own lives, share other people's emotions, and imagine ourselves as someone else.
Many of our lives are not as adventurous or glamorous as the lives in movies. We do not battle evil all day long and then go back to our luxurious penthouse apartment. We just go to school, do our homework, eat, talk to our friends, and sleep. We need a little excitement in our lives and we find excitement at the movies.
Humans are very emotional people. We all like to cry and laugh. Fortunately, there is not much to cry about in my life so I like to go to sad movies where my heartstrings can be tugged. I also like to go to comedies so that I can laugh. I tend to cry and laugh more in a dark movie theater than I do in broad daylight.
Now I am a student, but I know someday I will be a scientist or a politician or a famous model. When I go to the movies, I can see my role models. I see how they act, what they wear, how they talk. I can prepare myself for the day when I will be like them. Even though my life is quiet, I can go to the movies and watch someone else's life. I can share their emotions and their everyday life. I wonder if they would like to share mine.
篇5：托福写作思路需要注意什么
托福写作思路需要注意什么?
1、要与论题相匹配。论题问的既然是提高生活质量与否，一些无关紧要的改变就应该弃之不用，比如烹调时间缩短这一项改变，是事实，且未对生活质量有直接明显影响，就应该避免用作主要论点。
2、要能言之有物。这是再功利不过的一条标准。比如我自己提到了食物准备时间缩短能让人性情改变，破题时觉得不无可能，真落笔时却不知道由何说起，如果选了这一条为一个主要论点，结果是我说了一句话就走人，那还不如选个能下笔，能展示语言功底，也能显示思维缜密的写作方向。
3、选择的无论是2个还是3个论点，内在一定要有联系。这其实是整个托福写作立意阶段的重头。要立意，就是要明白自己表达的对象是什么，明确立场。然后站在这个立场上，挑选支持自己的论点。
托福写作破题结束后，第二要做的重要事项便是整理行文思路。破题过程其实是个发散思维的过程，而立意，则是要把思维收回来，组织化，理清它的脉络纹路，让他们按照自认为最有说服力的顺序排列好，准备落于纸上的过程。这个说服力的强弱，应该以什么标准判断呢?笔者认为，能说服读者的议论，在论点选择上应该遵循一个原则：
三个(或者两个)论点不能在层面上有交叉，但要符合一条明线：支持全文观点。而最打动读者的论点选择，不仅遵循上面的原则，三个看似不交叉的论点间还有一条暗线贯穿一致。
立意的第一步，按照上面的原则看，当然是先确定观点。以题目为例，笔者愿意选择否，食物易于准备降低了人们的生活质量。第一步踏出去了。
确定观点后，破题时得到的思维方向，明显不利于我的就应该排除。比如营养价值改变这一条，虽然速食文化的确对人体有害，但另一项速食：生疏和熟粗粮，就是向有益方向改变的，两者势均力敌，仅管是很容易想到，也很容易举例论证的论点，却不宜使用，因为如此贸然用了，有思维不缜密之嫌。
托福独立写作高分小技巧：Rhetorical Questions
如果说参加托福考试时在综合写作中还可以适当使用“模板”的话，那么独立写作里“模板”的使用往往会被并标以“pre-prepared”，因此考生想通过这种“捷径”提高得分的结果不会特别理想。独立写作提高得分的关键还是“实力说话”。
尽管“模板”效果有限，但短期提高得分的技巧还是很多，如活用“万能理由”和巧用“论证方法”等。本文主要介绍在独立写作中很多考生没有注意的一个加分“小”技巧—rhetorical question的使用。
在托福写作实战中，rhetorical question的使用能够起到很好的加分作用。为了说明rhetorical question的加分作用，请看托福Official Guide评卷人对一篇题为Dishonesty Kills Reliability的满分作文的点评。下面是点评中关于language的comment：
The writer's language is fluent, accurate, and varied enough to effectively support the progression and connection of ideas. There is a variety of sentence structures, including rhetorical questions.
评卷人把rhetorical questions看做加分点!
从上面的点评中，我们可以清楚的得出这个结论——至少评卷人把上述段落中的反问句视作一种“句型变化”而加以肯定和褒扬。
那么，何谓rhetorical question?Rhetorical question会不会很难?
我们先来看在托福Official Guide里备受评卷人赞誉的rhetorical question实例。在原文第四段中，为了说明honesty的重要性作者是这样写的：
In any relationship of mine, I would wish that first of all, the person I'm dealing with is honest.Even though s/he thinks that s/he did something wrong that I wouldn't like,s/he'd better tell me the truth and not lie about it. Later on if I find out about a lie or hear the truth from someone else, that'd be much more unpleasant. In that case how can I ever believe or trust that person again?How can I ever believe that this person has enough confidence in me to forgive him/her and carry on with the relationship from there.……
提问而不需对方回答，提问只是为了表明并强调作者的立场。这不就是汉语中的“反问”吗?维基百科对反问句的定义是：
A rhetorical question is a figure of speech in the form of a question thatis asked to make a point rather than to elicit an answer. Though a rhetorical question does not require a direct answer, in many cases it may beintended to start a discussion or at least draw an acknowledgement that thelistener understands the intended message.
还有学者对反问的定义更加清楚：
A rhetorical question is asked just for effect or to lay emphasison some point discussed when no real answer is expected.
那么，rhetorical question为什么能够收到评卷人的赞誉而得到加分?这就要从托福作文的评分标准说起了。托福Official Guide里面对于高分作文的要求(Scoring Rubic)描述如下：
.ffectively addresses the topicand task
.s well organized and well developed, appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and / or details
.isplay Unity, progression, and coherence
.isplay consistent use of language,demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity
从上面的评分标准可以清楚看出，rhetorical question能够帮助我们满足实现评分标准第四条中的“demonstrating syntactic variety”。这也正是官方指南中评卷人的点评。
其实，除了体现“句型变化”，合理使用rhetorical question还能帮助我们满足评分标准第一条的要求“effectively addresses the topic and task”。事实上，rhetorical question不仅能够有效的回应主题，还能强调作者的观点从而获得读者的认同。rhetorical question的这种强调作用最著名的范例可能算是雪莱《西风颂》Ode to the West Wind的结尾了：
“O Wind,If Winter comes,can Spring be far behind?”
另外，问句，尤其是设问的合理使用还能起到很好的衔接作用，也就是评分标准的第三条“Display Unity, progression, and coherence”。因此，有学者把rhetorical question的篇章作用总结如下：
? Emphasize a point
? Persuade powerfully
? Influence subtly
? Provoke thinking
? Help smooth transition
限于篇幅，对这些作用就不一一举例了。顺便说一下，rhetorical question后面的标点并不一定总是question mark，有时也可以是句号或感叹号。
下面，本文作者提供一篇自己写的样文，请大家分析问句在开头、中间和结尾段中的使用。
Some people prefer to ask others for help; others prefer to solve the problem with their own knowledge. Which is your choice?
Such is human nature that everyone longs for happiness in our life. Unfortunately, on the path to pursue happiness, we are likely to face various problems. How to solve them? Should we rely on ourselves to remove the obstacle or turn toothers for a cure?From my perspective, it is more reasonable to ask others for help.
Admittedly, always hinging on others to solve problems might be irrational in some cases. For example, if you ask an acquaintance with whom you haven’t a close tie to lend you a hand, he might be reluctant, because most of us have our own care and concern. Besides,some people are unwilling to shoulder the responsibility for the advice they offer. It’s not a rare case when we ask our friend for advice on what major to choose only to get a reply: “Well, it’s really hard to say. Who knows what your real interest is? Who knows what major will be popular when you graduate?”
In spite of the points mentioned above, I still cling to the idea that we should depend on others for the following reasons.
First of all, asking others for help can save us much valuable time, time that we can use for other purposes. As is known to all, most people in contemporary society are always burdened with endless stress and strain. To be admitted to prestigious universities, schoolchildren have to burn midnight oil to out do their peers in exams; likewise,university students can do nothing but to work against the clock to lend themselves an edge over others in the talent market so that they can land adecent job. Given the quickening pace of life, how can we expect us to remove all the obstacles only by ourselves?
In addition, turning to others for help is an efficient way for us to enlarge our circle of friends. It is not a rare case that friendship might be formed after we ask others for help. Take myself as an example. After helping me find a cure for my personal health problem, one of my colleagues has become my best friend. Now, when in trouble,he also asks for my advice. No wonder some even state that it is an efficient way to find friends by “bothering” others for their help.Sounds surprising?It is a discovery revealed inrecent research conducted by a group of leading experts.
Most importantly, it is the only choice to call for help when the solution to a problem requires expertise. Itis known to all that today’s society differs greatly from what it was before. Even a century ago, most folks could be self-sufficient: they grew grain on their own land and wove cloth on their own looms, which seems unimaginable in modern society. Unlike the “good old days”, modern society is a huge complex machine in which each person can serve only as a tiny part.For example, City dwellers depend on farmers for grain while farmers rely on factory workers for industrial products; in the same way, factory workers may temporarily drown our worries in soap operas shown on the screen while film-makers cannot have a film produced, however talented they might be, without the talents of play wrights,directors, photographers, actors or actresses.
Why not ask others for solution when necessary?Good or bad, this might be the best choice left to us.
托福写作：“定义法”三步快速解决写作开头难
模版开头一
when it comes to the topic that…, opinions of the public are of great variety. Admittedly, some people would claim that….. However, I still insist that… My reasons will be listed as follows.
又比如在涉及到A和B两个对象的影响类的题目里，常见模版开头二：
Nowadays, the influence of A on B is a matter for debate for a long time. some people claim that… However, I disagree with them. In my viewpoint, … and the following is my reasons.
模版可以用，但是不建议同学们拿到题目就直接带入模版，一来语言会显得呆板，二来托福官方对模版的态度为“不扣分，不加分”，因此模版对于想要高分的同学学来说并没有太大优势。所以还是希望同学们看到话题之后可以进行一定独立思考。今天我们一起看下常见的开头破冰法之一：定义法引入。
所谓“定义法”，就是下定义，对题目中的某些名词或概念进行解释，比如题目所涉及的success, responsibility, independence,social skills，part-time jobs等，我们可以直接解释这些概念是什么，或者大家对这些事物的看法等，还有可能涉及到重要性或者其影响等词，比如importance, benefits, advantageous,exert positive/negative influence on，一般一句话带过即可。下面我们结合具体题目带入“定义法引入”的具体应用。
例如：
D/A: One ofthe best ways that parents can help their teenager children prepare for adult life is to encourage them to take a part-time job.
在这个题目中，所涉及到的名词有parents, teenager children, adult life, 和a part-time job四个名词及词组，也就是说这个题目我们可以从四个角度进行开头段的构思。但我们应该优先从最好把握的入手。不难发现，a part-time job属于话题的关键词眼，所以[第一步]我们可以直接针对a part-timejob进行解释，比如Part-time jobs, which act as a warm-up for the future career, can provide children with a general image of the society. 或者Part-time jobs is of great importance in helping children better understand the society they are live in.定义法解释过之后，[第二步]我们要引出题目中的其它对象，最后第三步引出自己立场。比如上边紧接着a part-time job 这一句可以For most parents, it is really an ideal choice to help their children prepare for adult life.[第三步]在点明观点时，我们可以紧接着提出，Thus I agree with the opinion in the statement.甚至最后可以加一句，比如：my reasons will be detailed as follows. 或者my reasons are as follows.
这时我们的开头段已经基本搞定：
Part-time jobs, which act as a warm-up for the future career, can provide children with ageneral image of the society.For most parents, it is really an ideal choice to help their children prepare for adult life.Thus I agree with the opinion in the statement. My reasons will be detailed as follows.
这个题目还涉及到其它三个对象，也就是说，我们还可以根据上边定义法的思路以其它三种方式引出该话题，见下文供大家参考:
Parents:
Parents, as the most essential guide in our life, love us so much that they always want a fast and steady development of us. Thus, many parents suggest their children to work on a part-time job, which acts as a warm-up for their future career. From where I stand, I agree with the suggestion to take on a part-time job during teenage period. My reasons are listed as follows.
Teenage children:
Teenage is the most crucial period in one’s life, for it is a fast developing stage both in physical and mental aspects. That is why parents are urged to figure out the most efficient way for their children to keep up with the quick development. Working on a part-time job is considered one of the best solutions for many parents. From where I stand, I agree with the suggestion to take on apart-time job during teenage period. My reasons are listed as follows.
Adult life:
Many teenagers are looking forward to the adult life while the other are reluctant to grow up. However, growing up is an inevitable process/stage in one’s life. Part-time job, which acts as a warm-up for the future career, gives children a general image of the society.From where I stand, I agree with the suggestion to take on a part-time job during teenage period. My reasons are listed as follows.
我们还可以以同样的方法带入其它题目，比如D/A: People should have hobbies and do physical activities that are very different from work.
这个题目所涉及名词有work和hobbies and physical activities，我们就以work为切入点，进行定义，然后引出开头段。比如：
For most people, work takes a massive part of our whole lives. We go to school to prepare for a career, work through our best years, and eventually, after retirement, live off of pension generated from the job. However, other than the monetary part, our hobbies and physical activities might benefit us more if they were different from our jobs.
这个开头写法相对比较灵活，并没有受原题目的限制，巧妙的引出了自己立场。值得大家参考。
丨Tips：
1. 在对题目中所涉及的名词对象下定义时，建议大家从具体名词入手，尽量避开抽象名词，以降低自己构思难度。
2. 一般情况下，开头部分篇幅长度为40-60字即可。我们的写作还是要以理由段的论述为主，所以建议同学们不要浪费太多时间在开头部分。
篇6：托福写作
Agree or disagree
Some people argue as if it is a general truth that a_____________________________.But to be frank, I cannot agree with them. There are numerous reasons why I hold no confidence on them, and I would explore only a few primary ones here.
The main problem with this argument is that it is ignorant o the basic fact that______________解释本段中心___________.
Another reason why I disagree with the above statement is that I believe that______________.
What is more, some students are interested in____________.
In a word, ________________.
篇7：托福写作
托福写作中，哪些语法错误你绝对不能犯?!
“我突然想起来，上次作文考试，有个地方犯了语法错误，怎么办?!”
急啥?考官在给分时，对于“失误”是具有一定容忍度的。如果只出现了一两个细小的问题，并且它没有离谱到让人读不懂你想表达什么，就几乎没啥影响。
那这是否意味着语法在写作中就无足轻重了?Of course not.
一方面，评分机器e-rater(Electronic Essay Rater)毫无疑问会关注“语法”这一维度(具体还会细分mechanics, usage, grammar, style四个方面)。大到句子不完整，小到句首字母没大写，所有这些问题都会被电子评分机器(电子鸡)记录在案。
另一方面，读者/考官看到一篇语法问题众多的文章也会浑身不适，从而打出不太友好的分数。
so……今天就来跟大家细数几个，每每批改作文时我总会见到的语法问题。希望看完这篇文章的你，出于关爱作者的慈悲之心，以后不要再犯这些错误啦!
p.s. 本篇提及的是宏观意义上的语法，grammar, mechanics, usage, style四个维度的问题都归到本篇所指的“语法错误”概念之下。
下面将着重从4个角度为大家讲解!
句子不完整
逗号错用
on the other hand=besides?
就是整不明白lack的用法
No.1 句子不完整
由于口语中往往容易出现省略，因此很多同学在写作中也斗胆偷工减料。比如以下对话：
- What's the matter? Why is he looking so sad?
他咋的了?为啥看上去这么难过?
- Cuz (Because) he's suffering from the post-vocation blues.
因为他患上了节后抑郁症。
这句答语放在口语对话环境中OK，但是在书面语里就是错的!具体来说，此类问题属于Fragments类型错误，是写作中最为典型的语法错误之一。为了更正这一点，大家需要谨记：
连词的作用在于连接句内信息
一个连词连接两个东西(可以是两个动词/名词(短语)/句子)
基于此，回到上面的：
病句：Because he's suffering from the post-vacation blues.
这里有一个连词(because)，一个句子(主谓宾结构)，显然少成分。
正确表述应该是：
He looks so sad because he's suffering from the post-vacation blues.
此时整句话里有一个连词，两个句子(主系表+主谓宾结构)，搞定!
既然是连接句内信息，是不是连词只能位于句子中间才正确?并不!上面这句话我们颠倒一下顺序也正确：
Because he's suffering from the post-vacation blues, he looks so sad
不过，现代英语在这个规则上的要求相比以往松弛了不少，出现了三个特殊分子：and, but, so。虽然他们三个也是连词，但是如今确实存在“And/But/So +1个主谓宾”的情况。例如：
But campus leaders and many community donors had a bigger vision.
但是园区领导和捐赠者有一个更大的宏图。
语言随着时间的推进而发生变化，这很正常。而大家作为考生，需要注意3点：
只有and, but, so这三个词可以这样特殊使用
这样的用法毕竟严格意义上来讲还是错误的，不要使用过多
在e-rater的评分细则中，连词位于句首的句子出现过多也会被相应扣分
Style-Too many Sentences Beginning with Conjunctions
No.2 逗号错用
由于在口语中，逗号和句号都体现为短暂的停顿，所以使得许多同学无法区分二者的不同，并且在写作中疯狂使用逗号，从而出现传说中的run-on sentences(连写句)。举个例子：
I can't wait to pick up my girlfriend, I miss her so much.
我等不及了要去接女朋友，我好想她嗷。
所谓run-on sentences(连写句)，就是指用逗号来连接众多主谓宾/主系表结构，从而使得你的句子好似脱缰的野马，跑得没有尽头。那么为何这种句子在写作中是错的?
因为英文中一句话里只有一个主谓宾结构。如果想要出现多个，那么可以用连词连接(上一条刚讲过)，而不能用逗号。不然的话，就用句号将其决然断开成几个单独的句子。
因此，上面的句子可以改为——
I can't wait to pick up my girlfriend. I miss her so much.
I can't wait to pick up my girlfriend, and I miss her so much.
这种由于逗号乱用而导致的run-on sentences尤其容易出现在例证部分、想要在行文中增添细节的时候。所以大家这个时候除了关注内容本身，语法方面也不要松懈。比如下面这句也是个典型的run-on sentence：
Liu Xiang is a famous running athlete, who comes from an average family, his mother is a baker and his father is a driver, he cannot afford the expensive fee for professional train.
01 基本版：
Liu Xiang is a famous hurdler. He comes from an average family. His mother is a baker and his father is a driver. He could not afford the expensive training fee on his own.
2 高阶版本：
Born in a working-class family whose mother is a baker and father a driver, Liu Xiang, the famous hurdler, could not afford the expensive training fee on his own.
No.3 on the other hand=besides?
在展开段落时，为了让内容更加充实，聪明的选手们往往从多个角度解释论证。鉴于中文里的“另一方面”和“除此之外”似乎差不多，很多同学将on the other hand看作是besides, in addition一类词的替代品，然而他们的英文含义其实并不一样。
从上面柯林斯词典中的解释可以看出，on the other hand是用来引出一个与前者差异极大的/相反的观点/角度。比如：
He is a good guy; his brother, on the other hand, is a very selfish man.
他是个好人，而另一方面，他弟弟自私得要命。
换句话说，如果你提及的两个角度并非截然相反，那么不适合使用on the other hand。
因此，如果你论证时并没打算进行对比比较，那么需要提及其他角度时，就老老实实用besides/furthermore/moreover/additionally 等表示“此外”的词就好。
优秀例句练习，考虑空白处适合填什么连接词：
Juju老师声音也太温柔了吧; _____________, Juju老师批改好细致啊。
答案： in addition/moreover/besides
No.4 就是整不明白lack的用法
由于lack兼具动词和名词词性，加上它的形容词形式和动名词长得一样(lacking)，导致好多选手使用起来总是出错。接下来我们就按照词性来一一说明。
lack作动词：及物动词。“缺少”什么，就直接将该事物跟在lack后面作宾语。比如：
You just lack a little confidence.
你只是少点儿自信。
如果以非谓语形式出现，也是后面直接跟宾语，没有其他介词出现：
Lacking a little confidence, he refused to participate this year’s talent contest.
由于缺少一点儿自信，他拒绝参加今年的才艺比赛。
lack作名词：a/the lack of sth. 表示“...的缺失”。比如：
Sometimes Joey's parents are angry at his lack of confidence.
有时候Joey的父母会对他缺少自信这点感到很生气。
先把上面这俩记好之后，再看lack的派生词：形容词lacking，常见搭配为lacking in sth. 比如:
Joey feels nervous and is increasingly lacking in confidence about himself.Joey
有些紧张，并且对自己越来越没信心。
上述内容记准确之后，就会发现：一定不会出现lacking of, lack in的情况!但是lacking后面有无in都有可能。脑壳别晕，先从词性入手，再结合搭配来记!
以上
Reference:
Ramineni, C., Trapani, C. S., Williamson, D. M. W., David, T., & Bridgeman, B. . Evaluation of the e-rater? scoring engine for the TOEFL? independent and integrated prompts (ETS Research Report No. RR-12-06). Princeton, NJ: ETS.
3月30日托福听力考试真题及答案
Conversation
1. 一个男生去问老师project的主题，他修了两门，想用一篇文章。他的电脑编程能力很强，还卖钱了，最后老师同意了。
2. 女生错过音乐会的班车，因为去错误的地方等车。
3. 有关音乐，男生爸爸妈妈都是学音乐的，妈妈跟他说了件事，教授是认同的。
4. 学生问自己没有收到邮件是不是没被在canteen的暑假工作录取(这时候老师赶着回家避免晚高峰所以很急(后面有问老师刚开始的态度) 然后提出能不能换一种工作方式? 老师说那这样别的正式录取的人会怎么想呢 最后建议他外面找工作 可以列一个可以去申请的list申请可以写她的名字。
5. 女孩想卖她的作品，但是学校的贩卖不对学生开放，之后professor建议2种方式：
(1)是寄卖还是什么那个缺点是有手续费什么的，得到的钱太少，必须出高价;
(2)是到市场上，问题是太远，解决方案professor说是有学校bus在那，而且可以获得全部的钱。
6. 女生选了建筑专业，因为一个老师讲的很好，讨论一个她发现的特别的建筑，类似于装配式建筑，好处很多：1省钱，省空间;2对于投资者来说减少交税;3 air beam的作用，提到floating building。可以用到自己的prioject里面。
7. 女生选的夏季课不上了，以为会自动退费，结果没有，于是去找工作人员。然后女生又说想要找个兼职，想做assistant，但工作人员已经满了，结束工作在那可以提供的只有ssa，女生觉得太低级，不愿意做。
Lecture
1. 天文课，关于Vesta.
2. 有关简奥斯汀，他没有傲慢与偏见的作者出名，因为她翻印了两版，给了四次钱，但是她一生都没有靠书挣钱。
3. 有关婴儿辩色和认大小的，用婴儿的目光停留在事物上的时间判断他们是否有辨别的能力。当然，婴儿的学习是没有目的性的，不像成人。
4. 有关气候。
5. 讲到ITCZ的移动和Titan，讲了水循环就是液化然后形成气体再降雨。一个证据是卫星发现了有黑的spot，而且消失的速度和云消失的速度差不多。第二是ITCZ的位移。重复10月31日
6. 生物节律。
7. 迪士尼早期电影艺术。
203月30日托福阅读考试真题及答案
上月底的托福考试，受到了留学生的一致关注，那么真题和答案究竟是怎样的呢?下面就跟着出国留学网一起来看看年3月30日托福阅读考试真题及答案。
1.自然选择环境因素对蛾子的影响。 一种白蛾子一种黑色蛾子。开始白蛾子活的好，黑蛾子不好，因为会被发现。之后，工业革命了，树干都黑，于是白蛾子都要死翘翘了;但是之后开始治理环境了， 白蛾子又多了，黑蛾子又少了。并且这次的影响很大。
2.讲猫的嗅觉
3.煤和英国的工业化
4.昆虫的分工
5.商周的青铜器
6.几种植物生长方式，年度周期植物，常绿植物，落叶植物，针叶植物。
7.磁性虫子的分工，从保姆到Forger的转变，因为受到体内某种激素影响，这激素会因为周槽环境多了更多成熟的已经完成转变的虫子的影响。
8.关于一个地方的文明发源
9.动物对飞行的感应
10.鱼怎么呼吸，用gill 和bubble
推荐阅读：
托福考试报名基本要求
如何提高托福综合口语能力
如何快速记忆托福重点词
篇8：托福写作
托福独立写作题目：It is easier to become educated today than it was in the past.相比过去，人们现在更容易接受教育?
思路讲解：
今昔对比类的老题，思路总体不难展开，按照上课讲的理由作答即可。
选择同意，即现在受教育比过去容易
1.现代社会，接收知识和信息的方式增多，这可以给各类人群提供受教育的机会：网络课程(在职人士、异地学生等);各类培训班(出国考试、考研、CPA等)而在过去，适龄学生基本只能在学校受教育。
2. 政策扶持: 如中国让出生在贫困线(家庭年收入2300元)及以下家庭的孩子免费接受教育等。
托福写作模板思路分享—政府开发公共用地
托福独立写作题目：镇政府要投资开发公共用地，有两个选择： 1. 为所有民众建造公共花园 2. 为还没有体育场的高中修建体育场
思路讲解：
如选择为全民建造公共花园，可以这样展开：
1.花园对环境保护以及全民健康大有裨益。如现在空气污染严重，雾霾频发，空气污浊，气味刺鼻(pungent)，导致许多人患上呼吸系统疾病。建造公共花园可以极大地帮助缓解这些问题，因为花草普遍可以进行光合作用，可帮助净化空气。后面举例说明即可。
2. 虽然学生在运动场上运动也有好处，如放松减压等，但也有其他途径也可以帮助实现这个目标，如在健身房运动、与朋友聊天等。
如果选择为没有体育场的高中建造体育场，可以这样构思：
1. 有利于高中生放松减压。高中生普遍学业压力很大，不仅每天要上多门课，还要完成各种作业。如果能在运动场上做运动，就可以暂时摆脱学业的压力与烦恼，心情也会变好。运动完毕再回归学习时，也能感觉更神清气爽有效率。在花园赏花固然也能让人放松以及平静心绪，但是在运动的过程中，身体各部位得以锻炼，也会汗流浃背，这会让人感到更畅快。
2. 在运动场运动可以培养团队合作意识，增进友谊。可以拿足球篮球等团队运动举例。
托福写作模板思路分享之保持身体健康
托福独立写作题目：Agree or disagree: it is easier for people to maintain good health today than it was in the past.
是否同意：相比过去，人们更容易保持身体健康。
思路讲解：
一道老生常谈的今昔对比型考题。今昔对比题是每年必考题型，这道题更是在过往的几年于中国大陆和北美至少考过三次，重要性和经典程度不言而喻。
如果选择同意，即人们现在维持好的健康状况比过去更容易，可以这样展开构思：
1.医疗技术的进步可以预防及治愈在过去或许会致命的(fatal)疾病。可以拿手术、HPV疫苗等举例。
2. 现代人饮食更全面均衡，这对健康有利。过去人能够吃到的食物种类较少，甚至在灾害发生的年份，只能吃到草根树皮等;而现代人能够接触到各种食材，包括蔬菜、瓜果，鸡蛋和谷物等，营养摄入更充分。
如果选择不同意，也就是人们在过去比现在更易维持健康，可以考虑现代社会存在哪些不利健康的因素，如空气污染，繁重的生活工作压力等。
托福写作模板思路分享之培养大一学生的学习习惯
托福独立写作题目：许多大一学生有不好的学习习惯。有人认为大学应该给所有大一新生提供一门必修课，帮助他们培养好的学习习惯，其他人认为不必要。
思路讲解：
这道题选择同意更好写：
1.此类课程可以帮助学生提高学习效率。大一学生刚进入大学，对于大学学习不能完全适应，所以可能无法合理安排学习时间及学习任务，很多学生甚至总拖到截止期快要到来的时刻才开始拼命赶作业。如果大学在这方面给新生指导，他们就更能有条不紊地安排学习，提高效率，甚至还能匀出时间做其他有助于自我提升的事情，如参加研讨会等。
2. 大学这样做能够帮助大一新生增强学习自主性，从而取得良好成绩。大一学生的学习习惯往往源自高中，而高中的学习方式与大学大相径庭，如果大学新生把高中的方法用在学习大学课程上可能没有好的效果，甚至适得其反。例如拿自己国家的情况举例。很多高中生学习缺乏自主性，总是被动等待，老师教的就是学生学的，学生不会自己多学。老师也常在课上讲作业题。而在大学，老师讲课普遍粗放，如果自己不积极主动学习更多，那么很有可能是无法取得好成绩的。比如很多大学老师的一节课能覆盖一本厚书中至少一半的内容，或讲的内容与教材无关，课下为了完成作业，就必须花大量时间自学及研读各种文献等。作业中的问题也要主动询问老师，因为老师上课往往不讲作业，自己不问就得不到解决。正是因为有如此高的自主性要求，很多大一学生刚开始并不能适应，导致成绩达不到自我期待。
托福写作模板思路分享之“分享给孩子的价值
托福独立写作题目：Which one of the following values do you think is the most important to share with a young child (aged 5-10)? Being helpful; being honest; being well-organized
以下哪一项价值你认为分享给5-10岁的孩子最为重要：助人，城市，有条理
思路讲解：
这道独立考题认真做过准备的宝宝们会发现，在近几年的北美和中国大陆考试中已轮番出现数次。此题选择哪种value都可以，能给出合理的理由和例证即可。
比如选择最后一项，有组织有条理：
第一段：组织条理需要在孩子小时候各方面还未定型之际培养，以帮助孩子养成良好的习惯，有助于未来发展。举例说明即可，比如从小让孩子自己整理各种东西，安排每天需要做的事情等，孩子就会学会有条不紊地安排自己每日的学习和生活，即便将来长大面对繁重的课业和工作压力时，也能沉着应对，有助于提高效率，把事情做得更好。
第二段：乐于助人的品质固然很好，但是这项品质的养成不一定通过刻意分享，而更多的在于周边人的做法，如果孩子周围的人都乐于助人，那么孩子处在这样的环境里也自然会耳濡目染，受到影响，变得愿意帮助别人。
第三段：诚实同样代表此人可靠人品好，但是人不可能在何时何地都诚实，不论孩子还是成人，都会在某些特定情况下选择说非恶意的谎言。此处可以举例说明。
如果选择诚实，可以论述诚实的重要性，如诚实代表此人可靠人品好，这样的人会容易获得他人的信任，有助于自身发展。不选有组织有条理的原因是因为这样会一定程度上限制创造力，有研究佐证。
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