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新概念英语第四册第33课:Education

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新概念英语第四册第33课:Education（共10篇）由网友“沁雷纤”投稿提供，下面是小编为大家整理后的新概念英语第四册第33课:Education，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。

篇1：新概念英语第四册第33课:Education

Lesson 33 Education教育

First listen and then answer the following question.

听录音，然后回答以下问题。

Why is education democratic in bookless, tribal societies?

Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states 'invest' in institutions of learning to get back 'interest' in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks -- those purchasable wells of wisdom-what would civilization be like without its benefits?

教育是我们这个时代的关键词之一。我们许多人都相信，一个没有受过教育的人，是逆境的牺牲品，被剥夺了20世纪的最优越的机会之一。现代国家深深懂得教育的重要性，对教育机构投资，收回的‘利息’便是培养出大批有知识的男女青年，这些人可能成为未来的栋梁。教育，以其教学周期如此精心地安排，并以教科书 -- 那些可以买到的智慧源泉 -- 予以强化，如果不受其惠，文明将会是个什么样子呢？

So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births -- but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on 'facts and figures' and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of 'college' imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally equipped for life.

至少，这些是可以肯定的：虽然我们还会有医生和牧师、律师和被告、婚姻和生育，但人们的精神面貌将是另一个样子。人们不会重视‘资料和数据’，而靠好记性、实用心理学与同伴相处的能力。如果我们的教育制度仿效没有书籍的古代教育，我们的学院将具有可以想象得出的最民主的形式了。在部落中，通过传统继承的知识为所有人共享，并传授给部落中的每一个成员。从这个意义上讲，人人受到的有关生活本领的教育是相等的。

It is the ideal condition of the 'equal start' which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no 'illiterates' -- if the term can be applied to peoples without a script -- while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of 'civilized' nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the 'happy few' during the past centuries.

这就是我们最进步的现代教育试图恢复的“平等起步”的理想状况。在原始文化中，寻求和接受传统教育的义务对全民都有约束力。因而没有“文盲”（如果这个字眼儿可以用于没有文字的民族的话）。而我们的义务教育成为法律在德国是在1642年，在法国是在18，在英国是在1876年。今天，在许多“文明” 国家里，义务教育迄今尚未实行。这说明，经过了多么漫长的时间之后，我们才认识到，有必要确保我们的孩子享有多少个世纪以来由‘少数幸运者’所积累起来的知识。

Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parent; therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no 'juvenile delinquency'. No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to 'buy' an education for his child.

荒凉地区的教育不是钱的问题，所有的人都享有平等起步的权利。那里没有我们今天社会中的匆忙生活，而匆忙的生活常常妨碍个性的全面发展。荒凉地区的孩子无时无刻不在父母关怀下成长。因此，丛林和荒凉地区不知道什么叫“青少年犯罪”。人们没有必要离家谋生，所以不会产生孩子无人管的问题，也不存在父亲无力为孩子支付教育费用而犯难的问题。

New words and expressions 生词和短语

adverse

adj.不利的

purchasable

adj.可买到的

preacher

n. 传教士

defendant

n. 被告

outlook

n. 视野

capacity

n. 能力

democratic

adj. 民主的

tribal

n. 部落的

tribe

n. 部落

illiterate

n. 文盲

compulsory

adj. 义务的

deem

v. 认为

means

n. 方法，手段，财产，资力

hamper

v. 妨碍

savannah

n. 大草原

juvenile

adj. 青少年

delinquency

n. 犯罪

Notes on the text课文注释

1 Education , with its cycles...，punctuated by textbooks...，这句话中的主语Education与punctuated并不是一种主谓关系，因此，这句话在语法上被称作单元句。

2 So much is certain,有承上启下的作用：一方面回答了前一段最后一句的提问，另一方面开始列举没有教育将会给社会文明带来的影响。

3 be fashioned after, 按...做成。

4 without a script , 没有文字的。

Lesson 33 课后练习和答案Exercises and Answer

篇2：新概念英语第二册第33课:Out of the darkness

Lesson 33 Out of the darkness冲出黑暗

First listen and then answer the question.

听录音，然后回答以下问题。

Why was the girl in hospital?

Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her.

几乎过了一个星期，那姑娘才能讲述自己的遭遇。

One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm.

一天下午，她乘小船从海岸出发，遇上了风暴。

Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea.

天将黑时，小船撞在了一块礁石上，姑娘跳进了海里。

Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water.

她在海里游了整整一夜才游到岸边。

During that time she covered a distance of eight miles.

在那段时间里，她游了8英里。

Early next morning, she saw a light ahead. She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs.

第二天凌晨，她看到前方有灯光，知道自己已经接近岸边了，因为那灯光是在高高的峭壁上。

On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen.

到达岸边后，姑娘朝着她看到的灯光方向挣扎着往峭壁上爬去。

That was all she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.

她所记得的就是这些。第二天她醒来时，发现自己躺在医院里。

New words and Expressions生词和短语

darkness

n.黑暗

explain

v. 解释，说明

coast

n.海岸

storm

n. 暴风雨

towards

prep. 朝，向，接近

rock

n.岩石

shore

n.海岸

light

n.灯光

ahead

adv.在前面

cliff

n.峭壁

struggle

v.挣扎

hospital

n. 医院

Lesson 33 自学导读First things first

课文详注 Further notes on the text

1．Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. 几乎过了一个星期，那姑娘才能讲述自己的遭遇。

（1）这句话有两个从句。before一直到结尾是句子的时间状语从句。在这个从句中，explain又有自己的宾语从句，what为这个从句的主语。

（2） before在引导时间状语从句时，有时不一定译为“在……之前”，虽然表达的是这个意思，如文中的这句话。类似的情况有：

It will be months before he can come back.

要过好几个月他才能回来。

He ran off before his mother could stop him.

他母亲还没来得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。

2．One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. 一天下午，她乘小船从海岸出发，遇上了风暴。

（1）我们已经学过 set out表示“出发”：

Captain Alison will set out at eight o'clock.

艾利森船长将于8点钟启航。

set out from表示“从……出发”。

（2） be caught in表示某人“（突然）遇到/上（风暴等）”：

He was caught in a heavy rain on the way home.

他在回家途中遇到了大雨。

3．Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. 她在海里游了整整一夜才游到岸边。

介词after的宾语是动名词spending及这个动名词的宾语、状语，这个结构在意义上等于 after she had spent the whole nightin the water。

4．During that time she covered a distance of eight miles. 在那段时间里，她游了8英里。

（1）that time指上句话中提到的the whole night。

（2）cover可以笼统地表示“行过（一段路程）”，根据上下文可具体译为“走过”、“飞过”、“游过”等：

The bird covered the distance in three minutes.

这只鸟用3分钟飞完了全程。

（3）表示具体的距离可以用“a distance of+ 具体长度”这个结构。

5．high up on the cliffs，在高高的峭壁上。

up为形容词，表示“在上面的”、“高高的”、“在较高处的”，high为副词，修饰up。

6．On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towardsthe light she had seen.

到达岸边后，姑娘朝着她看到的灯光方向挣扎着往峭壁上爬去。

（1）“on+ 动名词”相当于 as soon as或 when 引导的时间状语从句：

On reaching the airport, he was arrested by the police.

他一到机场就被警察逮捕了。

（2）she had seen为 the light的定语从句，关系代词 that/which省略了。

（3）up 在此处为介词，表示“沿着……往上”。

7．That was all she remembered. 她所记得的就是这些。

that指前面（从第2句话开始）描述的内容。she remembered为all 的定语从句，关系代词that（不能用which）被省略了。

语法 Grammar in use

用于表示方向和目的地的介词和副词（也被称为小品词）

（1）表示“上”、“下”的两对小品词是on和off，up和 down：Jim's standing on the roof. I hope he won't fall off.吉姆正站在房顶上。我希望他不会掉下来。

Tom's climbing up the tree. I hope he won't fall down.汤姆正在爬树。我希望他不要摔下来。

（2）表示“来”、“去”的一对小品词是from和to；towards的意义与to相近，表示“朝”、“向”、“接近”等； for在有些动词后面也表示“往”、“向”的意思：

He came from Moscow. He's going to New York.

他从莫斯科来。

他将要去纽约。

The plane flies from Moscow to New York.

这架飞机从莫斯科飞往纽约。

He went towards the shop quickly.

他快速地向商店走去。

He went for home.

他回家了。

He left/ set out for New York yesterday.

他昨天动身去纽约了。

（3）表示“进去”、“出来”这两种方向的介词为into和out of；表示“在某个地方”或“在……里面/外面”可用 at，in，out of等；表示目的地或位置往往用at：

When did you come into the restaurant?

你什么时候进的餐馆？

You weren't in the restaurant when I come in.

我进来的时候你不在餐馆。

We ran out of the house.

我们从屋里跑了出来。

We arrived in the country on Sunday.

星期天我们到达乡下。（范围大时用in）

We arrived at the station in the evening.

晚上我们到达车站。（范围小时用at）

（4）表示“穿过”、“越过”、“绕过”等动作时，往往用 through，across，under，over，round等介词：

How did you get through the fence?

你怎么穿过篱笆的?

I climbed over/under it.

我是爬/钻过去的。

词汇学习Word study

1．pass与past

（1）动词 pass的过去式为 passed，过去分词为 passed或past。当它作及物动词用时，可以表示“经过”、“通过（考试）”或“超过”等，作不及物动词用时可以表示“（时间等）消逝”：

You passed me without even noticing me!

你从我身边经过时居然没注意到我！

Your sister passed me in her new car, driving at great speed.

你姐姐/妹妹开着她的新车从我身旁驶过，开得非常快。

I've passed/ past my French test.

我法语考试通过了。

A month has passed/ past since I left home.

我离开家已一个月了。

（2）past可以作形容词、介词、名词等。作形容词时表示“以前的”、“过去的”等：

Many things happened in the post week.

过去的这一周内发生了许多事。

Frank is proud of his past experiences.

弗兰克为自己以往的经历感到自豪。

作介词时它表示“经过”或“超出（范围等）”：

He has just walked past me.

他刚从我身边走过去。

His words are past my understanding.

我不懂他的话。

作名词时它表示“过去”、“昔时”或“往事”等：

Can you tell me something about your past?

您能给我讲讲您过去的一些事吗？

In the past, we used to gather under the Town Hall clock to welcome the New Year.

我们过去常聚集在市政厅的大钟下面迎新年。

2．next与other

next表示时间顺序上“紧接的”、“下一个”。如果以现在为基准，则next前一般不加the；如果以过去或将来的某一时间为基准，则 next前面要加the或其他修饰词：

See you next Friday.

下个星期五再见。

Mary phoned the next day to tell us that she couldn't come to the party.

第2天玛丽打来电话告诉我们她不能来参加晚会了。

the other day指时间时可以有a few days ago的意思：

Mary phoned the other day to tell us that she had arrived in London.

前几天玛丽来电话告诉我们她已到达伦敦。

Lesson 33 课后练习和答案Exercises and Answer

篇3：新概念英语第三册第33课:A day to remember

Lesson 33 A day to remember难忘的一天

Listen to the tape then answer the question below.

听录音，然后回答以下问题。

What incident began the series of traffic accidents?

We have all experienced days when everything goes wrong. A day may begin well enough, but suddenly everything seems to get out of control. What invariably happens is that a great number of things choose to go wrong at precisely the same moment. It is as if a single unimportant event set up a chain of reactions. Let us suppose that you are preparing a meal and keeping an eye on the baby at the same time. The telephone rings and this marks the prelude to an unforeseen series of catastrophes. While you are on the phone, the baby pulls the tablecloth off the table, smashing half your best crockery and cutting himself in the process. You hang up hurriedly and attend to baby, crockery, etc. Meanwhile, the meal gets burnt. As if this were not enough to reduce you to tears, your husband arrives, unexpectedly bringing three guests to dinner.

Things can go wrong on a big scale, as a number of people recently discovered in Parramatta, a suburb of Sydney. During the rush hour one evening two cars collided and both drivers began to argue. The woman immediately behind the two cars happened to be a learner. She suddenly got into a panic and stopped her car. This made the driver following her brake hard. His wife was sitting beside him holding a large cake. As she was thrown forward, the cake went right through the windscreen and landed on the road. Seeing a cake flying through the air, a lorry driver who was drawing up alongside the car, pulled up all of a sudden. The lorry was loaded with empty beer bottles and hundreds of them slid off the back of the vehicle and on to the road. This led to yet another angry argument. Meanwhile, the traffic piled up behind. It took the police nearly an hour to get the traffic on the move again. In the meantime, the lorry driver had to sweep up hundreds of broken bottles. Only two stray dogs benefited from all this confusion, for they greedily devoured what was left of the cake. It was just one of those days!

参考译文

我们大家都有过事事不顺心的日子。一天开始时，可能还不错，但突然间似乎一切都失去了控制。情况经常是这样的，许许多多的事情都偏偏赶在同一时刻出问题，好像是一件无关紧要的小事引起了一连串的连锁反应。假设你在做饭，同时又在照看孩子。这时电话铃响了。它预示着一连串意想不到的灾难的来临。就在你接电话时，孩子把桌布从桌子上扯下来，将家中最好的陶瓷餐具半数摔碎，同时也弄伤了他自己。你急急忙忙挂上电话，赶去照看孩子和餐具。这时，饭又烧糊了。好像这一切还不足以使你急得掉泪，你的丈夫接着回来了，事先没打招呼就带来3个客人吃饭。

就像许多人最近在悉尼郊区帕拉马塔发现的那样，有时乱子会闹得很大。一天傍晚交通最拥挤时，一辆汽车撞上前面一辆汽车，两个司机争吵起来。紧跟其后的一辆车上的司机碰巧是个初学者，她一惊之下突然把车停了下来。她这一停使得跟在后头的司机也来个急刹车。司机妻子正坐在他身边，手里托着块大蛋糕。她往前一冲，蛋糕从挡风玻璃飞了出去掉到马路上。此时，一辆卡车正好从后边开到那辆汽车边上，司机看见一块蛋糕从天而降，紧急刹车。卡车上装着空啤酒瓶。成百只瓶子顺势从卡车后面滑出车外落在马路上。这又引起一场唇枪舌剑的争吵。与此同时，后面的车辆排成了长龙，警察花了将近一个小时才使车辆又开起来。在这段时间里，卡车司机不得不清扫那几百只破瓶子。只有两只野狗从这一片混乱中得到好处，它们贪婪地吃掉了剩下的蛋糕。这就是事事不顺心的那么一天！

New words and expressions 生词和短语

prelude

n. 序幕，前奏

unforeseen

adj. 意料之外的

series

n. 系列

catastrophe

n. 大祸，灾难

crockery

n. 陶器，瓦器

suburb

n. 郊区

collide

v. 猛撞

learner

n. 初学者

panic

n. 惊慌，恐慌

windscreen

n. （汽车的）挡风玻璃

alongside

prep.在……的旁边，与……并排

slide (slid, slid)

v. 滑

stray

adj. 迷失的，离群的

confusion

n. 混乱

greedily

adv. 贪婪地

devour

v. 狼吞虎咽地吃

Notes on the text课文注释

1 get out of control，失去控制。

2 It is as if a single unimportant event set up a chain of reactions.就好像一件无关紧要的小事引起了一连串的连锁反应。as if引导的从句中用的是虚拟语气;set up，引起，产生;a chain of,一连串。

3 keep an eye on，照看，照管。

4 you are on the phone，你在接电话。

5 reduce you to tears，使你流泪。

6 on a big scale，大规模地。

7 rush hour，上下班时间。

8 draw up，追上。

9 pull up。停车。

10 get the traffic on the move，使车辆动起来。

Lesson 33 课后练习和答案Exercises and Answer

篇4：新概念英语第四册第7课:Bats

Lesson 7 Bats蝙蝠

First listen and then answer the following question.

听录音，然后回答以下问题。

In what way does echo-location in bats play an utilitarian role?

Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role.

动物发出的声音不都是用作语言交际。我们只要看一看蝙蝠回声定位这一极不寻常的发现，就可以探究一下声音在什么情况下有绝对的实用价值。

To get a full appreciation of what this means we must turn first to some recent human inventions. Everyone knows that if he shouts in the vicinity of a wall or a mountainside, an echo will come back. The further off this solid obstruction, the longer time will elapse for the return of the echo. A sound made by tapping on the hull of a ship will be reflected from the sea bottom, and by measuring the time interval between the taps and the receipt of the echoes, the depth of the sea at that point can be calculated. So was born the echo-sounding apparatus, now in general use in ships. Every solid object will reflect a sound, varying according to the size and nature of the object. A shoal of fish will do this. So it is a comparatively simple step from locating the sea bottom to locating a shoal of fish. With experience, and with improved apparatus, it is now possible not only to locate a shoal but to tell if it is herring, cod, or other well-known fish, by the pattern of its echo.

要透彻理解这句话的意义，我们应先回顾一下人类最近的几项发明。大家都知道，在墙壁或山腰附近发出的喊声，就会听到回声。固体障碍物越远。回声返回所用时间就越长。敲打船体所发了的声音会从海底传回来，测出回声间隔的时间，便可算出该处海洋的深度。这样就产生了目前各种船舶上普遍应用的回声探测仪。任何固体者反射声音，反射的声音因物体的大小和性质的不同而不同。鱼群也反射声音。从测定海深到测定鱼群，这一进展比较容易。根据经验和改进了的仪器，不仅能够确定鱼群的位置，而且可以根据鱼群回声的特点分辨出是鲱鱼、鳕鱼，这是人们所熟悉的其他鱼。

It has been found that certain bats emit squeaks and by receiving the echoes, they can locate and steer clear of obstacles -- or locate flying insects on which they feed. This echo-location in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar.

人们发现，某些蝙蝠能发出尖叫声，并能通过回声来确定并躲开障碍物，或找到它们赖以为生的昆虫。蝙蝠这种回声定位常常可与雷达相比较，其原理是相似的。

New words and expressions生词和短语

bat

n. 蝙蝠

strictly

adv. 明确地

utilitarian

adj.实用的

appreciation

n. 理解

elapse

v. 障碍物

hull

n. 消逝

interval

n. 船体

receipt

n. 间隔

apparatus

n. 收到

shoal

n. 仪器

herring

n. 鱼群

cod

n. 鳕鱼

squeak

n. 尖叫声

Notes on the text课文注释

1 Not all sounds made by animals serve as language,动物发出的声音不全是作语言交流。此句采用了部分否定，既不是否定所有的动物，而只是一部分。serve as,作...之用。

2 turn to,求助于。

3 play a role in,在...方面起作用。

4 in the vicinity of,在...的附近。

5 So was born the echo-sounding appararus,就这样诞生了回声探测仪。这是一个倒装句，主要是为了避免因主语过长而使全句失去平衡，同时也为了使apparatus的定语now in general use in ships紧挨着名词。in general use,普遍使用。

6 steer clear of,避开。

Lesson 7 课后练习和答案Exercises and Answer

篇5：新概念英语第四册第24课:Beauty

Lesson 24 Beatuy美

First listen and then answer the following question.

听录音，然后回答以下问题。

What do glimpses of beauty, either in nature or art, often suggest to the human mind?

A young man sees a sunset and, unable to understand or to express the emotion that it rouses in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to world that lies beyond. It is difficult for any of us in moments of intense aesthetic experience to resist the suggestion that we are catching a glimpse of a light that shines down to us from a different realm of existence, different and, because the experience is intensely moving, in some way higher. And, though the gleams blind and dazzle, yet do they convey a hint of beauty and serenity greater than we have known or imagined. Greater too than we can describe; for language, which was invented to convey the meanings of this world, cannot readily be fitted to the uses of another.

一个年轻人看到日落，由于无法理解和表达日落在他心中唤起的激情，便得出结论：日落处想必是通往遥远世界的大门。无论是谁，在强烈感受到美的时刻，心中都不禁油生一种遐想：我们似乎瞥见从另一个世界射向我们的一线光芒，那个世界不仅不同于我们这个世界，而且由于美感的强烈感染，在某些方面比我们这个世界更美好。虽然这光芒令人眼花缭乱，但它确实给予我们一种不曾经历和无法想象的美感和静谧的启示。这种美感和静谧是我们无法描述的，因为我们发明的语言是用来描述这个世界的含义，不能随便拿来去描述另一个世界。

That all great has this power of suggesting a world beyond is undeniable. In some moods, Nature shares it. There is no sky in June so blue that it does not point forward to a bluer, no sunset so beautiful that it does not waken the vision of a greater beauty, a vision which passes before it is fully glimpsed, and in passing leaves and indefinable longing and regret. But, if this world is not merely a bad joke, life a vulgar flare amid the cool radiance of the stars, and existence an empty laugh braying across the mysteries; if these intimations of a something behind and beyond are not evil humour born of indigestion, or whimsies sent by the devil to mock and madden us. if, in a word, beauty means something, yet we must not seek to interpret the meaning. If we glimpse the unutterable, it is unwise to try to utter it, nor should we seek to invest with significance that which we cannot grasp. Beauty in terms of our human meanings is meaningless.

不可否认，一切伟大的艺术都具有使人遐想到进入天外世界的魅力。在某种状态下，大自然也有这种魅力。六月蔚蓝的天空总使人遥想一个更加蔚蓝的苍穹；美丽的落日总会引起一个更加绚丽的景象未及饱览便一闪即逝，并在消逝中给人留下不可名状的渴望和惆怅。如果这个世界不只是一个拙劣的恶作剧，如果人生不只是群星寒光中平凡的一闪，如果存在不只是对神秘事物的一种空虚的笑声，如果某种玄妙事物的暗示不是消化不良引起的邪恶情绪，也不是魔鬼为了捉弄我们，使我们发狂而送给我们的邪念，一句话，如果美有某种意义的话，我闪千万不要去阐明它的意义。如果我瞥见了只可意会不可言传的事物，企图把它说出来，那上不明智的；对于我们不理解的事物，我们也不应该去赋予它某种意义。用对我们人类有意义的词解释美是没有意义的。

New words and expressions 生词和短语

intense

adj. 强烈的

aesthetic

adj. 审美的

realm

n. 世界

serenity

n. 静谧

undeniable

adj. 不可否认的

indefinable

adj. 模糊不清的

vulgar

adj.平庸的

radiance

n. 发光

intimation

n. 暗示

unutterable

adj. 不可言传的

invest

v. 赋予

Notes on the text课文注释

1 in moments of intense acsthetic experience, 在感受到强烈美的时候。

2 in some way higher, in some way 是“某种程度上”的意思，higher与前面的different and 是并列的，作realm of existence的定语。

3 yet do they convey a hint of beauty,其中的do起强调作用，放在主语之前更具有强调的意义。

4 In some moods Nature shares it.在某种状态下，大自然也具有这种力量。it 是指前面一句中 this power of suggesting a world beyond。

Lesson 24 课后练习和答案Exercises and Answer

篇6：新概念英语第四册第27课:The ‘Vasa’

Lesson 27 The 'Vasa'“瓦萨”号

First listen and then answer the following question.

听录音，然后回答以下问题。

What happened to the 'Vasa' almost immediately after she was launched?

From the seventeenth-century empire of Sweden, the story of a galleon that sank at the start of her maiden voyage in 1628 must be one of the strangest tales of the sea. For nearly three and a half centuries she lay at the bottom of Stockholm harbour until her discovery in 1956. This was the Vasa, royal flagship of the great imperial fleet.

1628年，一艘大帆船在处女航时就沉没了，这个从容不迫7世纪瑞典帝国流传至今的故事无疑是航海史上最离奇的事件之一。这艘大船在斯德哥尔摩港口的海底躺了将近几年来个世纪之后，直到1956年才被发现。这就是“瓦萨”号，帝国大舰的皇家旗舰。

King Gustavus Adolphus, 'The Northern Hurricane', then at the height of his military success in the Thirty Years' War, had dictated her measurements and armament. Triple gun-decks mounted sixty-four bronze cannon. She was intended to play a leading role in the growing might of Sweden.

当时号称“北方飓风”的国王古斯夫斯.阿道尔弗正处在“三十年战争”的军事鼎盛阶段，他亲自规定了这艘船的规模和武器配备。3层的火炮甲板上装着眼点4门青铜加农炮，目的就是要在不断增长的瑞典势力中起主导作用。

As she was prepared of her maiden voyage on August 10, 1628, Stockholm was in a ferment. From the Skeppsbron and surrounding islands the people watched this thing of beauty begin to spread her sails and catch the wind. They had laboured for three years to produce this floating work of art; she was more richly carved and ornamented than any previous ship. The high stern castle was a riot of carved gods, demons, knights, kings, warriors, mermaids, cherubs; and zoomorphic animal shapes ablaze with rea and gold and blue, symbols of courage, power, and cruelty, were portrayed to stir the imaginations of the superstitious sailors of the day.

1628年8月10日，“瓦萨”号准备首航时，斯德哥尔摩一片欢腾。人们从斯开波斯布朗和周围的岛屿前来观着这艘美丽的战船扬帆起航，乘风前进。瑞典人辛辛苦苦干了3年才建成这件水上艺术品，它比以往任何船只雕刻得都更加精美，装饰得都更加华丽。高耸的船楼上雕刻了令人眼花缭乱的神仙、妖魔、骑士、国王、武士、美人鱼和小天使，还有用红色、金黄色、蓝色绘制的光彩夺目的兽形图案，象征着勇敢、力量和残暴，以激起汉时崇尚迷信的水手们的想像。

Then the cannons of the anchored warships thundered a salute to which the Vasa fired in reply. As the emerged from her drifting cloud of gun smoke with the water churned to foam beneath her bow, her flags colour, she presented a more majestic spectacle than Stockholmers had ever seen before. All gun-ports were open and the muzzles peeped wickedly from them.

这时，停泊在港口的其他战船向“瓦萨”号鸣炮致礼，“瓦萨”号也鸣炮回礼。当“瓦萨”号从弥漫的礼炮烟云中出现时，船头下浪花加溅，舰旗迎风招展，三角旗随风飘动，微风鼓起风帆，金碧辉煌的船楼闪耀着灿烂的色彩。“瓦萨”号展现的壮观景象是斯德哥尔摩人从未见过的。船上的炮眼开着，炮口虎视眈眈地向外窥视着。

As the wind freshened there came a sudden squall and the ship made a strange movement, listing to port. The Ordnance Officer ordered all the port cannon to be heaved to starboard to counteract the list, but the steepening angle of the decks increased. Then the sound of rumbling thunder reached the watchers on the shore, as cargo, ballast, ammunition and 400 people went sliding and crashing down to the port side of the steeply listing ship. The lower gun-ports were now below water and the inrush sealed the ship's fate. In that first glorious hour, the mighty Vasa, which was intended to rule the Baltic, sank with all flags flying-in the harbour of her birth.

当风力增强时，突然刮来一阵大风，“瓦萨”号奇怪地摇晃了一下，便向左舷倾斜。炮长命令把左舷上所有大炮搬到右舷上来以抵消船的倾斜，但甲板的倾斜度仍在增加。当物口、压舱物、弹药和400个人轰地一声滑向陡斜的左舷时，岸上的观众听到了雷鸣般的轰响。下层炮眼已淹没在水里，涌进船舱的水给“瓦萨”号带来了难以逃脱的厄运。就这样，想要统治波罗的海的大型战舰“瓦萨”号，在它壮丽的起航时刻，带着全身飘扬的彩旗，沉没在了它诞生的港口。

New words and expressions 生词和短语

galleon

n. 大型帆船

Stockholm

n. 斯德哥尔摩

flagship

n. 旗舰

imperial

adj. 帝国的

hurricane

n. 飓风

armament

n. 军械

triple

adj. 三层的

mount

v. 架有

bronze

n. 青铜

cannon

n. 加农炮

might

n.力量

ferment

n.激动不安

ornament

v.装饰

riot

n.丰富

demon

n.恶魔

mermaid

n.美人鱼

cherub

n.小人使

zoomorphic

adj.兽形的

ablaze

adj.光彩的

portray

v.绘制

drifting

adj.弥漫的

churn

v.翻滚

pennant

n.三角旗

superstructure

n.上部结构

majestic

adj.威严的

muzzle

n.炮口

freshen

v.变强

squall

n.狂风

list

v.倾斜

port

n.(船、飞机的)左舷

ordnance

n.军械

heave

v.拖

starboard

n.(船、飞机的)右舷

counteract

v.抵消

steepen

v.变得更陡峭

ballast

n.压舱物

inrush

n.水的涌入

Baltic

n.波罗的海

Notes on the text课文注释

1 the 'Vasa', “瓦萨号”战船。这艘船是以瑞典瓦萨王朝（1523-1654）创始人Gustavus Vasa的姓氏命名的。Gustavus Vasa（1496-1560）曾领导了发对丹麦统治的暴动，1523年出任国王，使瑞典成了一个独立、统一、富强的国家。

2 the Thirty Years War“三十年战争”。这是欧洲历史上的一场多国混战，具有政治和宗教色彩，是新教诸侯和天主教诸侯之间的连年战争（1618-1648），最后在1648年签定了威斯特伐利亚条约，以天主教诸侯失败而告终。

3 a riot of,许多...，主要指色彩丰富。

4 with the water churned...，her flags flying , pennans waving , sails filling...， and the red and gold ... ablaze... with最后5个独立主格结构，均作方式状语，修饰动词emerged。

Lesson 27 课后练习和答案Exercises and Answer

篇7：新概念英语第四册第46课:Hobbies

Lesson 46 Hobbies业余爱好

First listen and then answer the following question.

听录音，然后回答以下问题。

Who, according to the author, are 'Fortune's favoured children'?

a gifted American psychologist has said, 'Worry is a spasm of the emotion; the mind catches hold of something and will not let it go.' It is useless to argue with the mind in this condition. The stronger the will, the more futile the task. One can only gently insinuate something else into its convulsive grasp. And if this something else is rightly chosen, if it really attended by the illumination of another field of interest, gradually, and often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair begins.

一位天才的美国心理学家曾经说过：“烦恼是感情的发作，此时脑子纠缠住了某种东西又不肯松手。”在这种情况下，你又和头脑争吵让它松手是无济于事的。这种意志越是强烈，这种尝试越是徒劳。你只能缓和而巧纱地让另一种东西进入痉挛僵持的头脑中。如果选得合适，而且的确受到别的领域的情趣的启迪，那么渐渐地，往往也是很顺利地，原先不适当的紧张就会松弛下来，恢复和修整的过程就会开始。

The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of the first importance to a public man. But this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will. The growth of alternative mental interests is a long process. The seeds must be carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed.

因此，对一个从事社会活动的人来说，培养一种业余爱好和各种新的兴趣是关等重要的作法。但这并非一日之功，也不是单凭一蹴而就的事。精神上多种情趣的培养是一个长期的过程。要想在需要的时候可随手摘取充满生机的果实，那就必然从选良种做起，然后将其植入肥沃的土地，还需要勤勉地护理。

To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: 'I will take an interest in this or that.' Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet get hardly any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to hard week's sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball or Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or business man, who has beer working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.

一个人要想真正感到幸福和平安，至少应有两三种爱好，而且都比较实际。到了晚年才开始说：“我会对这些人或那个人发生兴趣”，已没有用了。这种愿望只能加剧精神紧张。一个人可能会获得与其日常工作无关的某些课题的渊博知识，而没有从中得到什么实益或宽慰。干你所喜欢的事是没有用的，你喜欢你所干的事。泛泛地说，人可以分为3类：劳累至死的人、忧虑至死的人、无聊至死的人。对于流汗出力干了一周苦活的体力劳动者来说，让他们在星期六下午再踢足球或打垒球是不合适的；同样，对于为严肃的公务操劳或烦恼了6天的政界人士、专业人员、商人来说，在周未再让他们为琐事而动脑子和忧虑也是无益的。

As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire -- for them a new pleasure, a new excitement if only an additional satiation. In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion. For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.

至于那些能任意支配一切的“可怜的人”，他们能够恣意妄为，能染指一切追求的目标。对这种人来说，多一种新的乐趣、多一种新的刺激只是增加一分厌腻而已。他们到处奔乱跑，企图以闲聊和乱窜来摆脱无聊对他们的报复，但这是徒劳的。对他们来说，用某种形式的纪律约束他们一下才能有希望使他们走上正道。

It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human being are divided into two classes: first, one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortune's of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and modest forms. But Fortune's favoured children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays, when they come, are grudged as enforced as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes, the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those work is their pleasure are those who and most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.

也可以这样说，理智的，勤劳的、有用的人可以分为两类：第一类是他分清工作是工作，娱乐是娱乐的人；第二类人的工作和娱乐是一回事。这两类人当中，第一类人是大多数，他们能够得到补偿。在办公室或工厂里长时间工作给他们带来了酬劳，这不仅是谋生的手段，而且还带来了寻找乐趣的强烈欲望，那怕是最简单的、最低等的乐趣。但是，命运之神的宠儿是第二类人，他们的生活是一种自然的和谐，对他们来说，工作时间总不会太长，每天都是假日，而通常的假期来到，他们却惋惜这假期强制打断了他们埋头从事的工作。然而对这两种人来说，都需要换一换脑子，改变一下气氛，转移一下注意力，这是不可缺少的。说实在的，把工作当作享受的那些人最需要每隔一段时间把工作从头脑中撇开。

New words and expressions 生词和短语

gifted

adj. 有天才的

psychologist

n. 心理学家

spasm

n. 一阵（感情）发作

futile

adj. 无用的

insinuate

v. 便潜入，暗示

convulsive

adj. 起痉挛的

illumination

n. 启发，照明

undue

adj. 不造当的

grip

n. 紧张

recuperation

n. 休息

improvise

v. 临时作成

sedulously

adv. 孜孜不倦地

vivify

v. 使生气勃勃

aggravate

v. 加剧

trifling

adj. 微小的

gratify

v. 便满意

caprice

n. 任性

satiation

n. 满足

frantically

adv. 狂乱地

avenge

v. 替…报复

boredom

n. 厌烦

clatter

n. 喧闹的谈话

sustenance

n. 生计

appetite

n. 欲望

grudge

v. 怨恨

absorbing

adj. 引人入胜的

banish

v. 排除，放弃

Notes on the text课文注释

1 catch hold of,抓住……；let…go,放掉……。

2 lay one's hands on,得到……，抓到……。

3 Fortune's favoured children中的Fortune是指“命运女神”。

Lesson 46 课后练习和答案Exercises and Answer

篇8：新概念英语第四册第34课:Adolescence

Lesson 34 Adolescence青春期

First listen and then answer the following question.

听录音，然后回答以下问题。

What do adolescents respect in parents?

Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the adolescents see that they are annoyed. They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some spiteful remark about the friends' parents. Such loss of dignity and descent into childish behaviour on the part to their parents about the place or people they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves.

当家长听到孩子赞扬自己朋友的家时，总感到不安，认为孩子在嫌弃自家的饭菜、卫生、或家具，而且愚蠢地让孩子看出自己的烦恼。他们甚至责备孩子不忠，或者讲些小朋友家长的坏话。家长这种有失身份和孩子气的作法使青春期的孩子大为震惊，决心以后不再向父母讲述去过的地方和见过的人。不要很久,家长就会抱怨孩子守口如瓶，什么事也不告诉他们，殊不知这是他们自找的。

Disillusionment with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable. Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation. Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation. Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility, and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.

不管家长的人品有多么好，作为父母有多么合格，孩子们对家长幻想的破灭在某种程度上是不可避免的。除非父母自身不能令人满意，大多数孩子对父母估价过高，以致这种估价很难指望经受住现实的考验。如果家长意识到孩子们通常是多么相信家长的品行和绝对正确，意识到孩子们的这种信念会对孩子产生多么大的影响，那么家长会大为吃惊和深受感动的。如果家长对青少年的这种反应有思想准备，并且意识到这象征着孩子们正在成熟和正在发展宝贵的观察力、独立判断力，那么他们就不会那样伤心，也就不会由于怨恨和抵触这种反应，而把孩子推到自己的对立面去。

The adolescent, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. What the child cannot forgive is the parent's refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true.

青少年酷爱真诚，对于能够承认错误或无知、甚至承认自己做得不分平或不公正的父母，他们总是尊敬的，孩子们所不能原谅的是：父母错了，孩子们也看出来了，可是做父母的还不肯承认。

Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too cowed to let them know how they really felt. Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is a healthier attitude both for the child and the parent. It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.

维多利亚时代的父母认为，他们可靠无理的权威气派来维护自己的尊严，实际上那是根本不行的。孩子们只不过被吓得不敢让父母知道自己的想法罢了。虽然现在我们倾向于走向另一个极端，但总地来看，孩子和家长双方态度都比较端正。遇事采取面对现实的态度总是比较明智和稳妥的，尽管会有暂时的痛苦。

New words and expressions 生词和短语

adolescence

n. 青春期

slur

n. 底毁

adolescent

n. 青少年（12-18岁）

disloyalty

n. 不忠实

spiteful

adj. 恶意的，怀恨的

disillusionment

n. 幻灭感

evaluation

n. 评价

infallibility

n. 一贯正确

resent

v. 怨恨

sincerity

n. 诚挚

victorian

adj. 维多利亚式的

retreat

v. 后退

unreasoning

adj. 不凭理智的

authoritarian

adj. 专制的

cow

v. 吓唬

Notes on the text课文注释

1 on the part of, 在...一边。

2 they have brought this on themselves,他们是咎由自取。

3 stand up to,经得起。

4 face up to,正规。

Lesson 34 课后练习和答案Exercises and Answer

篇9：新概念英语第四册第29课:The hovercraft

Lesson 29 The hovercraft气垫船

First listen and then answer the following question.

听录音，然后回答以下问题。

What is a hovercraft riding on when it is in motion?

Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century, the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft. In 1953, a former electronics engineer in his fifties, Christopher Cockerell, who had turned to boat-building on the Norfolk Broads, suggested an idea on which he had been working for many years to the British Government and industrial circles. It was the idea of supporting a craft on a 'pad', or cushion, of low-pressure air, ringed with a curtain of higher pressure air. Ever since, people have had difficulty in deciding whether the craft should be ranged among ships, planes, or land vehicles -- for it is something in between a boat and an aircraft. As a shipbuilder, Cockerell was trying to find a solution to the problem of the wave resistance which wastes a good deal of a surface ship's power and limits its speed. His answer was to lift the vessel out of the water by a great number of ring-shaped air jets on the bottom of the craft. It 'flies', therefore, but it cannot fly higher -- its action depends on the surface, water or ground, over which it rides.

本世纪已研制出许多新奇的交通工具，其中最新奇的要数气垫船了。1953年，有一位50多岁名叫克里斯托弗.科克雷的原电子工程师，改行在诺福克郡的湖泊地区从事造船业，他向英国政府和工业界提出了他研究多年的一项计划。他的设想是：用一个低压空气或软垫来支撑船体，软垫周围用高压空气环绕。自那以后，人们很难决定是否应该将这种运载工具列为轮船、飞机，或是陆上交通工具，因为它是介于船和飞机之间。作为一个船舶技师，科克雷尔在寻找解决波浪阻力的方法，因为波浪阻力浪费掉了船在水面行驶的大量动力，从而限制了船的速度。他的解决办法是把船体提离水面，让船在一个气垫上行驶，气垫只有一两英尺厚。船底装上大量环状喷气嘴以实现这一目的。这样，船就能飞了，但飞不高。它的飞行限决于它所悬浮的水面或地面。

The first tests on the Solent in 1959 caused a sensation. The hovercraft travelled first over the water, then mounted the beach, climbed up the dunes, and sat down on a road. Later it crossed the Channel, riding smoothly over the waves, which presented no problem.

1959年，在苏伦特海峡进行的首次试航引起了轰动，气垫船先是在水面上行驶，后又登上海岸，爬上沙丘，最后停在路上。后来气垫船跨越英吉利海峡，平衡地在波浪上方行驶，波浪不再产生阻力。

Since that time, various types of hovercraft have appeared and taken up regular service. The hovercraft is particularly useful in large areas with poor communications such as Africa or Australia; it can become a 'flying fruit-bowl', carrying bananas from the plantations to the ports; giant hovercraft liners could span the Atlantic; and the railway of the future may well be the 'hovertrain', riding on its air cushion over a single rail, which it never touches, at speeds up to 300 m.p.h. -- the possibilities appear unlimited.

从那以后，各种各样的气垫船出现了，并开始了定期航行服务。气垫船在非洲、澳大利亚等交通不发达地区特别有用。它能成为“飞行水果盘子”，把香蕉从种植园动到港口。大型的气垫班轮或许能跨越大西洋。未来的火车或许能成为“气垫火车”，靠气垫在单轨上行驶而不接触轨道，时速可达每小时300英里。气垫船的前途是不可限量的。

New words and expressions 生词和短语

hovercraft

n. 气垫船

Norfolk Broads

n. 诺福克郡的湖泊地区

cushion

n. 座垫

ring

v. 围

Solent

n. （英国的）苏伦特海峡

sensation

n. 轰动

dune

n. 沙丘

plantation

n. 种植园

hovertrain

n. 气垫火车

Notes on the text课文注释

1 the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft,

这是现在分词being的独立主格结构。

2 in between,介乎...之间，这是一种组合介词。

3 a surface ship,水面船只。

4 may well be ,很可能。

Lesson 29 课后练习和答案Exercises and Answer

篇10：新概念英语第四册第40课:Waves

Lesson 40 Waves海浪

First listen and then answer the following question.

听录音，然后回答以下问题。

What false impression does an ocean were convey to the observer?

Waves are the children of the struggle between ocean and atmosphere, the ongoing signatures of infinity. Rays from the sun excite and energize the atmosphere of the earth, awakening it to flow, to movement, to rhythm, to life. The wind then speaks the message of the sun to the sea and the sea transmits it on through waves -- an ancient, exquisite, powerful message.

海浪是大海和空气相斗的产物，无限的一种不间断的标志。太阳光刺激了地球的大气层，并给予它能量；阳光使空气开始流动，产生节奏，获得生命。然后，风把太阳的住处带给了大海，海洋用波浪的形式传递这个信息 —— 一个源过流长、高雅而有力的信息。

These ocean waves are among the earth's most complicated natural phenomena. The basic features include a crest (the highest point of the wave), a trough (the lowest point), a height (the vertical distance from the trough to the crest), a wave length (the horizontal distance between two wave crests), and a period (which is the time it takes a wave crest to travel one wave length).Although an ocean wave gives the impression of a wall of water moving in your direction, in actuality waves move through the water leaving the water about where it was. If the water was moving with the wave, the ocean and everything on it would be racing in to the shore with obviously catastrophic results.

这些海浪属于地球上最复杂的自然现象。它们的基本特征包括浪峰（波浪的最高点）、波谷（最低点）、浪高（从波谷到浪峰的垂直距离）、波长（两个浪峰间的水平距离）和周期（海峰走过一个波长所需的时间）。虽然，海浪给人的印象是一堵由水组成的墙向你压过来，而实际上，浪从水中移过，而水则留在原处。如果水和浪一起移动的话，那么大海和海里所有的东西就会向岸边疾涌过来，带来明显的灾难性后果。

An ocean wave passing through deep water causes a particle on the surface to move in a roughly circular orbit, drawing the particle first towards the advancing wave, then up into the wave, then forward with it and then -- as the wave leaves the particles behind -- back to its starting point again.

穿过深水的海浪使水面上的一个微粒按照一种近乎圆形的轨道移动，先把微粒拉向前移动的海浪，然后推上波浪，随着波浪移动，然后 -- 当波浪把微粒留在身后时 -- 又回到出发点。

From both maturity to death, a wave is subject to the same laws as any other 'living' thing. For a time it assumes a miraculous individuality that, in the end, is reabsorbed into the great ocean of life.

从成熟到消亡，波浪和其他任何“活动中”的东西一样，都受制于共同的法则。一度它获得非凡的个性，但最终又被重新融进生命的大洋。

The undulating waves of the open sea are generated by three natural causes: wind, earth movements or tremors, and the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. Once waves have been generated, gravity is the force that drives them in a continual attempt to restore the ocean surface to a flat plain.

公海上起伏的波浪是由3个自然因素构成的：风、地球的运动或震颤和月亮、太阳的引力。一旦波浪形成，地球引力是持续不断企图使海面复原为平面的力量。

New words and expressions 生词和短语

signature

n. 签名，标记

infinity

n. 无穷

ray

n. 光线

energize

v. 给与...能量

rhythm

n. 节奏