托福阅读压轴大题难度高得分率低?（精选3篇）由网友“幸福的D弦”投稿提供，下面就是小编给大家带来的托福阅读压轴大题难度高得分率低?，希望大家喜欢阅读!
篇1：托福阅读压轴大题难度高得分率低?
托福阅读压轴大题难度高得分率低?总结题型答题技巧思路精讲
托福阅读总结题(Prose Summary)题型特点分析
想要做好托福阅读总结题，考生需要对这个题型的特点有较为全面深刻的认识。总结题的特点主要有这几点：
1. 必然是最后一题
托福阅读总结题必然是一篇托福文章14道左右题目中的最后一题，只会出现在结尾位置，考生不用担心会在做题过程当中遇到这一题型。
2. 和图表题只会2选1不会同时出现
作为每篇阅读的压底题型，总结题和图表题每次只会出现其中一个题型，两个题型不会同时出现在一篇阅读中。另外，就近期考生反馈来看，总结题出现的频率要远高于图表题，这也是本文重点讲解总结题的主要原因。
3. 分值较高算分方式独特
总结题不同于托福阅读其它题型，在计分方式上其它阅读题每题都是1分，而总结题的满分则是2分。总结题需要考生从6个选项中选出3个正确选项。1个都没选对或者只选对1个选项不得分。选对2个选项得1分，3个选项都选对才能得到2分。
4. 考点涉及整篇文章而非单独段落
总结题的考点涉及整篇文章，一般是对文章整体结构内容主旨提问，不同于其它阅读题型一般只围绕单个词汇表达或者特定段落而提分，这也是总结题的难点所在。
托福阅读总结题解题思路分析
那么，面对这个独特而有难度的题型，考生应该如何思考解题才能保证较高的正确率呢?
1. 调整阅读习惯
从根本上解决做总结题困扰的方式其实很简单，那就是考生需要调整自己的阅读解题习惯，先看完整篇文章再来做题。由于托福阅读考试部分的题量很大时间紧张，因此大部分考生目前采取的主流解题方式是一边看文章一边做题，也就是看完一段文章，把这段文章涉及到的题目都做完再看下一段文章。这种做法适用于阅读中的大部分题型，但惟独不适合总结题。因为这种习惯等于是把完整的文章拆碎来看，考生会缺乏对文章整体大意的理解，所以才会做不好总结题。但调整阅读习惯意味着考生需要花更多的时间来看文章，对于本就不太够用的阅读时间来说可能会带来更大的负担压力，所以为了一道总结题而改变调整阅读习惯是否值得，还需要大家自行斟酌其中得失。
2. 记录段落概要
比起第一种方法来说，通过记录段落概要的方式来做好总结题可能是更加符合大家客观需求的实用做法。具体来说，既然考生目前做阅读题大多习惯读一段做几道题，那么想要做好总结题，大家要做的就是在这个过程中保证自己对全文的把握理解。要做到这一点其实并不困难，考生只需要在每读完一段文章后，在草稿纸上把这段文章的大意直接记录下来即可。大家只要记下这段文章主要讲了什么，到了总结题前把这些记录内容整个看一遍，花不了多少时间，就能提升对文章内容的整体印象，之后再解答总结题，其难度自然就不会太高了。
3. 学会排除选项
最后一个方法其实属于细节技巧，需要考生通过做题来积累，那就是寻找总结题选项的套路来进行排除。这种做法追求的第一目标不是拿到满分，而是获得至少1分。既然总结题的题型是6选3，那么考生如果能够直接在早期就通过选项分析排除掉1-2个错误选项，之后哪怕是猜测答案，也可以保证更高的命中率，拿到1分甚至2分的成绩。而这一点其实并不困难，因为总结题选项中，经常会出现一些存在明显问题错误的选项，比如用词太多绝对武断，或者太过描述细节没有起到概括作用，又或是文章中根本没有提及等等。考生要做的就是多做总结题多观察对错选项的特征，并打磨出一套自己的选项对错判断标准，在考试中应用并排除选项，从而提升总结题的解题准确率和得分。
总而言之，托福阅读总结题作为每篇阅读的“守关大将”，是高风险但也有高回报的题目。如果考生追求托福阅读高分，那么做好总结题也是必须的。小编希望本文内容能够给大家提供一些解题方面的参考帮助。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：学龄前预备项目研究结果
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
In addition, results from other types of preschool readiness programs indicate that those who participate and graduate are less like to repeat grades, and they are more likely to complete school than readiness program, for every dollar spent on the program,taxpayers saved seven dollars by the time the graduates reached the age of 27.
结构划分：
(In addition), results (from other types of preschool readiness programs)indicate that those (who participate and graduate) are less like to repeat grades, and they are more likely to complete school than readiness program, (for every dollar spent on the program, taxpayers saved seven dollars by the time the graduates reached the age of 27.)
深度分析：
这个句子的主干：results indicate that
后面从句是一个并列结构：those are less like to repeat grades, and they are more likely to complete schoolthan readiness program
修饰一：(In addition)，介词短语
中文：另外
修饰二：(from other types of preschool readiness programs)，介词短语
中文：来自其他类型的学龄前预备项目
修饰三：(who participate and graduate)，从句，修饰those
中文：参加并且毕业
修饰四：(for every dollar spent on the program, taxpayers saved seven dollars by the time the graduates reached the age of 27.)，从句
注意从句里面还有一个从句，即by the time+从句 the graduates reached the age of 27，此处的by the time可看成连词，像anytime/every time/the moment一样。
中文：因为花在这个项目的每一美元，在毕业生27岁时，纳税人可以节约7美元
参考翻译：
另外，来自其他类型的学龄前预备项目的结果表明：那些参加过学前项目并毕业的人重读可能性更少，他们更愿意完成学校而不是预备项目，因为花在这个项目的每一美元，在毕业生27岁时，纳税人可以节约7美元。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：罗马居住点的丰富性
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
This abundance is notable in Roman settlements (especially urban sites) where the labor that archaeologists have to put into the washing and sorting of potsherds(fragments of pottery) constitutes a high proportion of the total work during the initial phases of excavation.
结构划分：
This abundance is notable in Roman settlements (especially urban sites) (where the labor (that archaeologists have to put into the washing and sorting of potsherds (fragments of pottery)) constitutes a high proportion of the total work during the initial phases ofexcavation).
深度分析：
这个句子主干就是：
This abundance is notable in Roman settlements
这个句子理解的难点在于，where从句里中间有一个定语从句，把the labor和constitute隔开了，大家注意这样一个问题。这个问题只要能够理解，速读就不是问题了。
修饰一：(where the labor constitutes a high proportion of the total work during the initial phases of excavation)，从句
中文：在这些地方劳动占了挖掘初期总工作量的很高的比例
修饰二：(that archaeologists have to put into the washing and sorting of potsherds (fragments of pottery)) ，从句，修饰labor，难点就在于这个从句的理解，其实就是put the labor into the washing and storing of pots herds
中文：考古学家花在清洗分类陶瓷碎片上的劳动
参考翻译：
这种丰富性在罗马居住点(尤其在城市)很明显，在这些地方考古学家花在清洗分类陶瓷碎片上的劳动占了挖掘初期总工作量的很高的比例。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：释放水的所有动能
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
They revealed output powers ranging from about 1 horsepower to perhaps 60 for the largest wheels and confirmed that for maximum efficiency , the water should pass across the blades as smoothly as possible and fall away with minimum speed, having given up almost all of its kinetic energy.
词汇讲解：
blade /bleɪd/ n. (刀﹑ 剑﹑ 凿等的)刃;(划水桨﹑ 螺旋桨﹑ 锹﹑ 铲﹑ 板球击球板等的)扁宽平面部分
kinetic /kɪ'netɪk/ adj. 运动的，运动引起的
结构划分：
They revealed output powers (ranging from about 1 horsepower to perhaps 60) (for the largest wheels) and confirmed that (for maximum efficiency), the water should pass across the blades as smoothly as possible and fall away with minimum speed, (having given up almost all of its kinetic energy).
深度分析：
这个句子主干就是：
They revealed output powers and confirmed that
宾语从句的主干：the water should pass across the blades as smoothly as possible and fall away with minimum speed
中文：水应该从叶轮上尽可能光滑地流过，并以最小的速度流走
修饰一：(ranging from about 1 horsepower to perhaps 60)，非谓语动词
中文：输出功率范围是从1马力到最大水轮可能输出的60马力
修饰二：(for the largest wheels)，介词短语
中文：对于最大水轮
修饰三：(for maximum efficiency)，介词短语
中文：为了达到最高效率
修饰四：(having given up almost all of its kinetic energy)，非谓语动词
中文：释放水的几乎所有动能
参考翻译：
它们(调查)显示输出功率范围是从1马力到最大水轮可能输出的60马力;它们也确定了要达到最高效率，水应该从叶轮上尽可能光滑地流过，并以最小的速度流走，释放水的几乎所有动能。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：嗅觉交流的重要性
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
The importance of olfactor y communication (using odors to communicate) in the way of life of deer was documented by a study of captive adult male deer a few decades ago, which noted that males rubbed their foreheads on branches and twigs, especially as autumn approach ed.
词汇讲解：
olfactory /ɒl'fækt(ə)rɪ/ adj. 嗅觉的
document /'dɒkjʊm(ə)nt/ vt. 用文件证实或证明(某事)
captive /'kæptɪv/ adj. 被捕获的，被俘虏的
twig /twɪg/ n. 嫩枝
approach /ə'prəʊtʃ/ vt. 接近, 靠近
结构划分：
The importance (of olfactory communication) (using odors to communicate) (in the way of life of deer) was documented (by a study of captive adult male deer a few decades ago), (which noted)(that males rubbed their foreheads on branches and twigs), (especially as autumn approached).
深度分析：
这个句子的主干就是：
The importance was documented
修饰一：(of olfactory communication)，介词短语
中文：嗅觉交流
修饰二：(using odors to communicate)，非谓语动词
中文：使用气味去交流
修饰三：(in the way of life of deer)，介词短语
中文：在鹿群生活方式中
修饰四：(by a study of captive adult male deer a few decades ago)，介词短语
中文：一个关于被捕获的成年雄鹿的研究
修饰五：(which noted)，从句
中文：研究提到
修饰六：(that males rubbed their foreheads on branches and twigs)，从句
中文：雄鹿会在树枝和嫩枝上摩擦前额
修饰七：(especially as autumn approached)，从句
中文：尤其当秋天临近时
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参考翻译：
嗅觉交流(使用气味去交流)在鹿群生活方式中的重要性，被几十年前一个关于被捕获的成年雄鹿的研究证实，这个研究提到：尤其当秋天临近时，雄鹿会在树枝和嫩枝上摩擦前额。
篇2：托福综合口语难度高得分率怎么办
托福综合口语难度高得分率怎么办?了解答题4条基本概念有助提分
托福综合口语复述内容需符合原文
这个问题很多考生在进行口语答题时都会遇到，原材料给出的信息是一回事，而自己开口说出来的内容却又是另一回事，有时候考生自己也察觉到似乎哪里不对，但还是没能及时发现问题所在。这是因为大家对于材料的内容出现了理解上的偏差，有时候被一些暗示性的线索误导，自己做出了错误的联想和推论。另外，部分同学在面对口语中涉及听力的内容时，因为听力水平不足没能抓住或是错误理解了素材的意思，也有可能出现这种理解和表述偏差的情况。总而言之，考生在进行托福口语答题时，表述内容“忠于原著”不添油加醋是基本原则，准确才是大家需要追求的第一目标。
综合口语复述需保持完整
这个问题在综合口语的答题中也普遍存在，考生没能把听力和阅读部分给出的信息完整地表述出来，遗漏了一些细节或是关键内容，造成了复述内容的不完整。这其实并非大家的理解问题，而是对素材信息的记录把握能力有所不足。对于这个问题，小编的建议是多做笔记，无论是听力内容还是阅读素材，大家都需要尽可能全面地记录其中的关键信息，记录到草稿纸上，这样才能避免出现信息遗漏，保证综合口语表达对原材料的完整性。当然这需要考生具备一定的分辨和抓取关键信息的能力，大家在综合口语的备考中需要多加练习。
根据题目要求答题保证客观公正
这个要求可能很多同学不太能理解，什么叫客观公正?我就是把听到看到的内容换个方式说了出来而已，怎么会不客观呢?其实这种情况是完全存在的，而很多同学自己甚至都没有意识到。托福综合口语题中给出的阅读和听力素材，很多时候都会包含一些误导性的信息，考生如果不加留意，就容易被这些信息给误导得出错误的结论，并在复述时把自己的结论给加到了复述内容中。考生需要注意的是，除非题目给出了要求需要考生提供自己的观点或是进行评论，否则大家不能在进行答题时加入自己的看法“私货”，不然就很有可能因为违反了客观公正的答题原则而导致扣分。
综合口语回答内容请保持简洁清晰
综合口语对考生回答的最后一个原则是简洁清晰，也就是考生回答的内容必须保证简单明了，各种套话废话不能说，为了凑内容凑时间而故意重复也不被允许，与给出的素材无关的信息更是不允许加入回答当中的。有些同学在看阅读和听力材料时没有记下足够的转述信息，为了蒙混过关采取多说套话拖延时间的做法，其实只会带来更多的扣分。大家可以适当放慢语速来增加一些回答时间，但在回答的内容上，还是少动歪脑筋为好。保持口语回答内容的简洁清晰，考生才有可能拿到更好的分数。
总而言之，大家在解答托福综合口语题时，对于回答的内容还是需要多加注意遵守一些原则的，而上文提到的这些要求原则，希望大家还是能够尽量遵守，并在此基础上通过认真备考实现提升成绩的目标。
托福考试独立口语预测试题
1、Your university plans to offer students cash rewards for high performance in one of following activities: Volunteer service, Athletic achievement, Academic performance. Choose one and explain why you think it deserves to be rewarded.
2、Describe one experience that your friend disappointed you and how you reacted to it.
3、Describe how people's lives changed in your country. Explain why this change is important.
4、一些现在的火车专门设有安静车厢 where passengers are not allowed to speak loudly and use cell phones, laptops or other mobile devices that produce loud sounds. 你觉得这是个好主意吗?Explain why or why not.
5、Talk about a kind of music you enjoy the least, explain why you do not like it.
6、what are the advantages and disadvantages of online shopping.
7、Your friend asks your advice about how to spend the big sum of money he suddenly acquired. What suggestions would you give him to spend that money? Explain why. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
8、Task1: if your friend is going to an important interview, what suggestions would you give him?
9、If you are a teacher of a tutor group and you are going to take students to a study trip, where would you take them to? A science museum; A local farm; Or a theatre performance?
10、What can we do to solve air pollution problems?
11、Among your family members，有没有那么一个人和家里其他人的性格行为特别不一样的，描述一下
12、Among the following professions, which do you think is the most important to a city? Police officer, building designer or transport worker.
13、Which of the following do you think is the most effective way of learning? Studying from textbooks; thinking and discussing in groups; reading articles written by others.
14、Describe the characteristics a good leader should have.
15、Your university will sponsor one of the following activities for student a) An outdoor activity of camping night b) A musical festival to experience the local culture c) A computer game convention in the dormitory hall. Which one do you think it’s the best to form new friendship and establish solidarity among students? Give reasons to explain why
16、In every culture, there are some customs or traditions from the past that young people no longer follow. Describe a custom or tradition which formed in the past but you wish it is still popular today. Give specific reasons why you wish it still popular.
17、talk about a social problem or issue your country is facing currently.
18、Describe a change in your school that was initially considered by students as having negative effects on their life but later proved to be positive?
19、Your friend has to work a lot. Please suggest a hobby help him spend his weekend in a more delightful way. Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.
20、Do you think students should be required to participate volunteer work?
托福考试独立口语预测练习题
1、Some universities require all students to study a foreign language in order to graduate. Other universities require all students to take computer classes before graduating. Which do you think is most important? Why?
2、Do you agree or disagree that government should ban violence and dirty words in TV programs?
3、Some people prefer to go straight to their destination while traveling, others prefer to spend more time looking around on the way. Which do you prefer?
4、When students have questions about an assignment for class, 有些人喜欢去和教授讨论. Others prefer to ask other students in the class for help understanding the assignment. Which do you prefer? Explain why?
5、Do you think in the future schools will one day stop giving lessons in classrooms and give online courses instead?
6、Agree or disagree that students should take some additional courses so that they can get their credits more quickly?
7、Do you agree or disagree with the following statement that experienced doctors are better than young doctors?
8、同意还是不同意：it is important to remember the past and learn things from the past.
9、Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more beneficial for students to study in larger classes than study in smaller classes. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
10、送礼物是送gifts that are practical还是for fun的?
11、Which kind of roommate do you prefer: a roommate from a foreign country or a roommate from your own country?
12、agree or disagree: when reaching 65 years old, people should not be allowed to work any more
13、学校应不应该要求每个学生都拥有自己的笔记本?
14、Which do you think is a more important quality in order to be successful? taking risks or making safe and comfortable decisions?
15、Which do you think is more important: spend more time on accompanying your families or work and study.
16、Do you agree or disagree the following statement? Children should start school earlier than 5 or 6 years old. Give reasons to explain.
17、Some people like to take less informative but interesting lectures, others like to take boring but more content rich lectures. Which do you prefer?
18、Some people prefer to start their homework ahead, while others only get down to it before the due day. Which do you think is better and also why?
19、some people prefer recording life by taking pictures or keeping diaries, others prefer doing nothing. Which one do you prefer?
20、Do you agree or disagree with the following statement that artists need to be talented to be successful?
托福口语预测
Task 1
1. Describe one experience that your friend disappointed you and how you reacted to it. 161022CN
2. Which of the following is the best way to learn about a city: to join an organized trip; to visit the museums; to take walks in the streets of its cities? 160522CN
3. Describe one or two ways your life may change five years from now. Please include specific reasons and details in your response. 160604CN
4. Which of the following inventions do you think has made the greatest impact on people in your country, the airplane, the computer, or the television? Please include specific reasons and examples to support your choice.
5.Which of the following activities would you like to do on a weekend afternoon? Doing exercise, watching TV, or spending some time with families? 150131CN
6.Describe a special gift you have given to a friend and explain why it is special. Please include reasons and details to support your response.
7.More and more people nowadays care about their health. Which of the following do you think is the best way for you to maintain your health—exercising on a regular basis, eating healthy, or getting enough sleep? Please include reasons and examples to support your choice.
8.Which of the following activities would you rather do with friends than doing it alone? Having a walk in hill; watching a movie/reading book; Traveling. 161211CN
Task 2
1.Do you agree or disagree that experienced teachers is a deciding factor to the success of a school? 160124CN
2.Do you prefer to buy an electronic product as soon as it becomes available in the market or do you prefer to wait and buy it until it has been in the market for a while? 160903CN
3.Do you like to buy new books or used books. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answers. 161113CN
4.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? While choosing friends, people should always choose those who have different interests from their own. Include specific reasons and examples in your explanation.
5.Do you agree or disagree that to succeed we need to make enemies? 161210CN
6.Some people think students should study in classroom and others believe they should visit museum and zoo, which one do you like?
7.When on a vacation in a different city, some people prefer to go camping in a tent, while others prefer to stay in the hotel. Which would you prefer and why?
8.Do you prefer to ask an instructor when have a question or find answer in book or on the Internet?
篇3：托福阅读得分比实际高，托福容错率分析
托福阅读得分比实际高，托福容错率分析
托福阅读25分容错率观点罗列
托福阅读25分错几个?网上有这么几种不同的观点：
A：保证托福阅读25分以上最多错6-8个;
B：在总题目44-45分的基础上，对39个错5-6个，托福阅读就可以拿到25分;
C：也有人说在没有空题的情况下可以错3-6个;
D：要看题目难度和考生整体水平即平均分，每次考试容差率不同。
以上几种观点到底是否准确呢?
稍安勿躁。这里，先给大家普及一下，什么是容错率。托福阅读容错率就是指根据题目的难度允许错却不扣分的题目。一般来说除了最后一道题，容错率为一题。
结合数据分析托福阅读容错率
我们都知道，托福阅读有三篇文章，总共42道题。除每篇文章的最后一题每题2分之外，其他题目都是每题一分。所以说托福阅读部分的原始总分是45分。而原始分与最终成绩之间有个对应关系。如表格所示：
根据上面表格的分数对应关系，托福阅读如果想要拿到25分，原始分就要拿到39分，那么，同学们想要拿到39分的原始分，至多可以错几道题呢?
托福阅读25分容错率情况详细解读
首先，在每篇文章最后一道题全部作对的情况下，原始分要39分那么基础题可以错6道题，也就是说在这种情况下托福阅读25分错6个题目。
其次，在每篇文章最后一道题全部做错的情况下，已经扣6分，原始分得分为39分，转换成最终成绩恰好是25分。在这种情况下托福阅读25分只能错3道大题，基础题一道都不能错。
第三种就是比较复杂的情况了。三道“6选3”大题，如果其中一道题选错一个选项即扣一分，而其他两道题没错，那么错5个基础题就能拿到托福阅读25分;如果错两个选项此题没法即扣两分，其他两道题没错，那么错4个基础题也能拿到托福阅读25分。
三道题中一题全对、一题全错、一题错一个选项，或者是每题选错一个选项，都要扣3分，那么基础题则错3个托福阅读即可得25分。以此类推，想要托福阅读25分，原始分必须为39分，错3-6个题，所以说最多可错6道题。
托福阅读真题100篇原文+题目1
PASSAGE 17
Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates.
When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird's skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient. Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment.
In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird's method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest.
1. What is the main idea of the passage ?
(A) Nesting material varies according to the parrots' environment.
(B) Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots' eggs.
(C) Aviculturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots.
(D) Wild parrots' nests provide information useful for artificial incubation.
2. The word They in line 2 refers to
(A) aviculturists
(B) birds
(C) eggs
(D) rates
3. According to paragraph 2, when the temperature of the sides and bottom of the egg are cooler
than the top, then
(A) there may be a good chance for successful incubation
(B) the embryo will not develop normally
(C) the incubating parent moves the egg to a new position.
(D) the incubation process is slowed down
4. According to paragraph 2, sticks, rocks, or dirt are used to
(A) soften the bottom of the nest for the newly hatched chick
(B) hold the nest together
(C) help lower the temperature at the bottom of the nest
(D) make the nest bigger
5. According to paragraph 2, the construction of the nest allows water to
(A) provide a beneficial source of humidity in the nest
(B) loosen the materials at the bottom of the nest
(C) keep the nest in a clean condition
(D) touch the bottom of the eggs
6. All of the following are part of a parrot's incubation method EXCEPT
(A) heating the water vapor as it rises from the bottom of the nest
(B) arranging nesting material at the bottom of the nest
(C) transferring heat from the parent to the top of the eggshell
(D) maintaining a constant temperature on the eggshell
7. The word suspend in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(A) build
(B) paint
(C) hang
(D) move
8. The word fatal in line 24 is closest in meaning to
(A) close
(B) deadly
(C) natural
(D) hot
9. The word secure in line 27 is closest in meaning to
(A) fresh
(B) dry
(C) safe
(D) warm
10. According to paragraph 3, a deep foundation of nesting material provides
(A) a constant source of humidity
(B) a strong nest box
(C) more room for newly hatched chicks
(D) protection against cold weather
11. Which of the following is a problem with commercial incubators?
(A) They lack the natural temperature changes of the outdoors.
(B) They are unable to heat the eggs evenly
(C) They do not transfer heat to the egg in the same way the parent bird does.
(D) They are expensive to operate.
12. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?
(A) Aviculturists (line 1)
(B) gradient (line 8)
(C) incubation (line 15)
(D) embryo (line 22)
托福阅读真题100篇原文+题目2
PASSAGE 18
During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, almost nothing was written about the contributions of women during the colonial period and the early history of the newly formed United States. Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power, women were not considered an important force in history. Anne Bradstreet wrote some significant poetry in the seventeenth century, Mercy Otis Warren produced the best contemporary history of the American Revolution, and Abigail Adams penned important letters showing she exercised great political influence over her husband, John, the second President of the United States. But little or no notice was taken of these contributions. During these centuries, women remained invisible in history books.
Throughout the nineteenth century, this lack of visibility continued, despite the efforts of female authors writing about women. These writers, like most of their male counterparts, were amateur historians. Their writings were celebratory in nature, and they were uncritical in their selection and use of sources.
During the nineteenth century, however, certain feminists showed a keen sense of history by keeping records of activities in which women were engaged. National, regional, and local women's organizations compiled accounts of their doings. Personal correspondence, newspaper clippings, and souvenirs were saved and stored. These sources from the core of the two greatest collections of women's history in the United States one at the Elizabeth and Arthur Schlesinger Library at Radcliff Céol lege, and the other the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College. Such sources have provided valuable materials for later generations of historians.
Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women during the nineteenth century, most of the writing about women conformed to the great women theory of history, just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on great men. To demonstrate that women were making significant contributions to American life, female authors singled out women leaders and wrote biographies, or else important women produced their autobiographies. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary woman. The lives of ordinary people continued, generally, to be untold in the American histories being published.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The role of literature in early American histories
(B) The place of American women in written histories
(C) The keen sense of history shown by American women
(D) The great women approach to history used by American historians
2. The word contemporary in line 6 means that the history was
(A) informative
(B) written at that time
(C) thoughtful
(D) faultfinding
3. In the first paragraph, Bradstreet, Warren, and Adams are mentioned to show that
(A) a woman's status was changed by marriage
(B) even the contributions of outstanding women were ignored
(C) only three women were able to get their writing published
(D) poetry produced by women was more readily accepted than other writing by women
4. The word celebratory in line 12 means that the writings referred to were
(A) related to parties
(B) religious
(C) serious
(D) full of praise
5. The word they in line 12 refers to
(A) efforts
(B) authors
(C) counterparts
(D) sources
6. In the second paragraph, what weakness in nineteenth-century histories does the author point
out?
(A) They put too much emphasis on daily activities
(B) They left out discussion of the influence of money on politics.
(C) The sources of the information they were based on were not necessarily accurate.
(D) They were printed on poor-quality paper.
7. On the basis of information in the third paragraph, which of the following would most likely
have been collected by nineteenth-century feminist organizations?
(A) Newspaper accounts of presidential election results
(B) Biographies of John Adams
(C) Letters from a mother to a daughter advising her how to handle a family problem
(D) Books about famous graduates of the country's first college
8. What use was made of the nineteenth-century women's history materials in the Schlesinger
Library and the Sophia Smith Collection?
(A) They were combined and published in a multivolume encyclopedia
(B) They formed the basis of college courses in the nineteenth century.
(C) They provided valuable information for twentieth-century historical researchers.
(D) They were shared among women's colleges throughout the United States.
9. In the last paragraph, the author mentions all of the following as possible roles of nineteenth-century great women EXCEPT
(A) authors
(B) reformers
(C) activists for women's rights
(D) politicians
10. The word representative in line 29 is closest in meaning to
(A) typical
(B) satisfied
(C) supportive
(D) distinctive
托福阅读真题100篇原文+题目3
PASSAGE 19
The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the North American colonies was the slow evolution of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter. In Europe they grew over a period of centuries from town economies to their present urban structure. In North America, they started as wilderness communities and developed to mature urbanism in little more than a century.
In the early colonial days in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline, mostly in what are now New England and Middle Atlantic states in the United States and in the lower Saint Lawrence valley in Canada. This was natural because these areas were nearest to England and France, particularly England, from which most capital goods (assets such as equipment) and many consumer goods were imported. Merchandising establishments were, accordingly, advantageously located in port cities from which goods could be readily distributed to interior settlements. Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw materials prior to export. Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Montreal, and other cities flourished, and, as the colonies grew, these cities increased in importance.
This was less true in the colonial South, where life centered around large farms, known as plantations, rather than around towns, as was the case in the areas further north along the Atlantic coastline. The local isolation and the economic self-sufficiency of the plantations were antagonistic to the development of the towns. The plantations maintained their independence because they were located on navigable streams and each had a wharf accessible to the small shipping of that day. In fact, one of the strongest factors in the selection of plantation land was the desire to have its front on a water highway.
When the United States became an independent nation in 1776, it did not have a single city as large as 50,000 inhabitants, but by 1820 it had a city of more than 10,000 people, and by 1880 it had recorded a city of over one million. It was not until after 1823, after the mechanization of the spinning had weaving industries, that cities started drawing young people away from farms.
Such migration was particularly rapid following the Civil War (1861-1865).
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Factors that slowed the growth of cities in Europe.
(B) The evolution of cities in North America
(C) Trade between North American and European cities
(D) The effects of the United Sates' independence on urban growth in New England.
2. The word they in line 4 refers to
(A) North American colonies
(B) cities
(C) centuries
(D) town economies
3. The passage compares early European and North American cities on the basis of which of the
following?
(A) Their economic success
(B) The type of merchandise they exported
(C) Their ability to distribute goods to interior settlements
(D) The pace of their development
4. The word accordingly in line 11 is closest in meaning to
(A) as usual
(B) in contrast
(C) to some degree
(D) for that reason
5. According to the passage , early colonial cities were established along the Atlantic coastline of
North America due to
(A) an abundance of natural resources
(B) financial support from colonial governments
(C) proximity to parts of Europe
(D) a favorable climate
6. The passage indicates that during colonial times, the Atlantic coastline cities prepared which of
the following for shipment to Europe?
(A) Manufacturing equipment
(B) Capital goods
(C) Consumer goods
(D) Raw materials
7. According to the passage , all of the following aspects of the plantation system influenced the
growth of southern cities EXCEPT the
(A) location of the plantations
(B) access of plantation owners to shipping
(C) relationships between plantation residents and city residents
(D) economic self-sufficiency of the plantations
8. It can be inferred from the passage that, in comparison with northern cities, most southern
cities were
(A) more prosperous
(B) smaller
(C) less economically self-sufficient
(D) tied less closely to England than to France
9. The word recorded in line 26 is closest in meaning to
(A) imagined
(B) discovered
(C) documented
(D) planned
10. The word drawing in line 28 is closest in meaning to
(A) attracting
(B) employing
(C) instructing
(D) representing
11. The passage mentions the period following the Civil War (line 29) because it was a time of
(A) significant obstacles to industrial growth
(B) decreased dependence on foreign trade
(C) increased numbers of people leaving employment on farms
(D) increased migration from northern states to southern states
答案：BBDDC DCBCA C
★ 初中备考作文
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