雅思阅读高频隐性定位词（精选9篇）由网友“八九二三”投稿提供，下面小编给大家带来雅思阅读高频隐性定位词，希望能帮助到大家!
篇1：雅思阅读高频隐性定位词
雅思阅读高频隐性定位词
一、雅思阅读隐性定位词中Proportion=%.
通常，在我们审题的时候，会发现每个问题的选项都有特定的信号词出现，例如下面的问题中，我们可以明显看到问题6中出现的proportion，因此我们在选择相对的答案的时候，可以找找文中有没有相对应百分比的对照。然后首先看看这些百分比内容的匹配性，因此像这种隐形定位词能够有效提高我们做题的速度。
Question 1-6
Reading Passage 1 has nine sections, A-l.
Which section contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-l, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
6. The estimated proportion of children in New Zealand with auditory problems
对应原文：
The Impact of Hearing Loss on Young Children
A. Hearing impairment or other auditory function deficit in young children can have a major impact on their development of speech and communication, resulting in a detrimental effect on their ability to lean at school. This is likely to have major consequences for the individual and the population as a whole. The New Zealand Ministry of Health has found from research carried out over two decades that 6-10% of children in that country are affected by hearing loss.
因此第6题选A
二、雅思阅读隐性定位词中Payment，通常可以用货币符号表示。
在下面的例子中，我们可以从问题中找到关于payment这个隐性定位词。从字面可以知道payment是账单的意思，就是关于金钱，或者货币符号的形式出现。所以考生可以根据相关线索优先分析这类选项。
Question 8-13
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 8-J3 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE：If the statement agrees with the information
FALSE：If the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN：If there is no information on this
12. Johnson only received payment for his Dictionary on its completion.
对应原文：
Johnson signed the contract for the Dictionary with the bookseller Robert Dosley at a breakfast held at the Golden Anchor Inn near Holborn Bar on 18 June 1764. He was to be paid? 1,575 in instalments, and from this he took money to rent 17 Gough Square, in which he set up his 'dictionary workshop'. James Boswell, his biographer, described the garret where Johnson worked as 'fitted up like a counting house' with a long desk running down the middle at which the copying clerks would work standing up.
原文说的是分期in installments，而题干说的是only...completion，因此是False。
三、雅思阅读隐性定位词中Earlier=time.
如果出现这种描述时间的隐性信号词，那么选项若出现时间的形式可以优先查看。例如下文出现earlier，字面意思表示很早，表时间的，那么选项看看有没有表时间的。这样能大大提高做题速度。
Question 27-29
Reading Passage 3 has eight paragraphs A-H.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 27-29 on your answer sheet.
27. Mention of a geo-engineering project based on an earlier natural phenomenon
对应原文：
D.The concept of releasing aerosol sprays into the stratosphere above the Arctic has been proposed by several scientists. This would involve using sculpture or hydrogen supplied aerosols so that sculpture dioxide would form clouds, which would, in turn, lead to a global dimming. The idea is modelled on historic volcanic explosions, such as that of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in 1991, which led to a short-term cooling of global temperatures by 0.5℃.Scientists have also scrutinized whether it's possible to preserve the ice sheets of Greenland with reinforced high-tension cables, preventing icebergs from moving into the sea.
原文出现时间的地方描述historic volcanic explosions, such as that of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines，such as举例子，historic volcanic explosions对应natural phenomenon，因此选D.
四、雅思阅读隐性定位词中Refer to as= proper nouns.
当我们遇到像refer to as，这种表示要解释一个现象，一个单词意思的隐性信号词的时候。在选看选项的时候可以优先看那些专有名词的选项，换句话说就是选项有某个单词不熟悉，然后出现频率高的名词。通过下面的例子，我们可以看出：
Question 34-40
Complete the sentences.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 34-40 on your answer sheet.
35. Plants which do not respond to light levels are referred to as.
对应原文：
For example, some species of birds' breeding can be induced even in midwinter simply by increasing day length artificially (Wolfson 1964). Other examples of photoperiodic occur in plants. A short-day plant flowers when the day is less than a certain critical length. A long-day plant flowers after a certain critical day length is exceeded. In both cases the critical day length differs from species to species. Plants which flower after a period of vegetative growth, regardless of photoperiod, are known as day-neutral plants.
回原文寻读，找到day-neutral plants是以斜体形式出现，且前面有限定are known as，可以确定是专有名词，do not respond to light levels对应regardless ofphotoperiod，所以填day-neutral plants.
'雅思阅读材料：英国超辣汉堡致5人住院
Diners are being asked to sign a waiver before eating a fiery chilli burger - after it put five people in hospital.
英国一餐厅推出的热辣汉堡已导致5人住院，现在再想吃这款“变态辣”汉堡要先签署免责声明。
The X.X.X Hot Chilli Burger - dubbed the hottest dish in Britain - is served to over 18s only at Burger Off in Sussex.
这款被称为英国最辣的热辣汉堡，是苏塞克斯郡汉堡店Burger Off 的料理，仅卖给18岁以上的成年人。
It is topped with chilli sauce worth a staggering 9.2million on the Scoville scale - a measure of the 'hotness' of foods. In contrast, the average chilli pepper comes in at just 500 Scoville Heat Units.
热辣汉堡涂有“史高维尔辣度指标”920万的辣椒酱。“史高维尔辣度指标”是测量食物辣度的指标，普通辣椒指数仅500。
One diner was taken to hospital with a suspected perforated bowel after eating the spicy dish, while four others were admitted for treatment on the same night for suspected anaphylactic shock.
一位顾客在吃了这款热辣汉堡后疑似因肠穿孔被送往医院救治，当晚还有4位顾客疑似过敏休克入院。
Now, restaurant owner Nick Gambardella is asking customers to sign a legal disclaimer that prevents them from suing him if they fall victim to the red-hot burger.
汉堡店老板尼克·甘巴德拉为避免顾客用餐后出现不良反应起诉自己，要求顾客只有在签署了法律免责声明后方可尝试此热辣汉堡。
The document reads: 'I the undersigned accept all responsibility for any effects incured due to the consumtion of the above mentioned X.X.X Hot Chilli Burger and release Burger Off, its owner and staff from any liability.'
声明中写道：“我签署同意，在Burger Off食用热辣汉堡所带来的一切后果责任由我个人承担，餐厅和餐厅老板、服务员免责。”
Mr Gambardella, 55, said he was 'amazed' that he was allowed to sell such a spicy burger - adding: 'It has been a massive hit with the customers'.
55岁的甘巴德拉说自己也很吃惊，居然得到了销售此款热辣汉堡的许可证，他补充道：“这在顾客中反响很大”。
'I have to admit I’ve not dared to try one of these burgers myself as they are so spicy,' he said. 'One guy came in and he was just a little bit cocky and when he left he was admitted to hospital because prior to eating the burger he had a stomach ulcerand we believe it perforated his bowel. He wasn’t in a good way but he pulled through.
“不得不承认，连我自己都不敢尝试这款热辣汉堡，因为它真的太辣了。”他说，“有位客人进店的时候还自以为是，但是离开的时候就直接入院了。在吃热辣汉堡之前这家伙就有胃溃疡，我们觉得在吃了汉堡之后他可能肠穿孔了。他还没有完全康复，但目前已经度过了危险期。”
The burger, which is on sale for only ￡3.90, features sauce based on a Piri Piri chilli concentrate, created through steaming and later infused with carbon dioxide.
这款热辣汉堡售价仅3.9英镑(约合人民币39元)，其特色在于添加其中的皮尔皮尔辣椒酱，这种辣椒酱的制作方法是先气蒸后注入二氧化碳。
So far, only 59 out of 3,000 challengers have succeeded in eating the entire dish. Many of the burger's conquerors have taken to Twitter and The Burger Off Facebook page to spread the word of their victory.
截至目前，3000名挑战者仅有59位成功吃完整个汉堡。许多挑战成功者在推特和Burger Off餐厅的脸书页面上炫耀自己的胜利。
Mr Gambardella said the burger had caused customers to adopt a number of undignified coping mechanisms, including stripping naked, begging for mercy, punching windows and vomiting.
甘巴德拉说，顾客在吃热辣汉堡时言行举止十分不雅，有的大脱衣服、有的跪地求饶、还有的捶窗呕吐。
It has also left many diners suffering from anaphylactic shock - a severe allergic reaction that can cause swelling, rashes and difficulty breathing.
大量顾客吃了热辣汉堡后过敏性休克，这种严重的过敏反应会导致肿胀、发疹和呼吸困难。
'The burgers are cooked properly - it’s the sauce that is maybe too hot to handle,' said Mr Gambardella.
甘巴德拉说：“其实汉堡烹饪是合理的。热辣汉堡这么辣，都是辣酱惹的祸。”
学术类雅思阅读题目的黄金法则
雅思学术类阅读虽然有十种题型(八种主要题型)，但在解题过程中有一条贯穿始终的黄金法则，那就是学术类阅读的基本解题思路。
STEP ONE：分析文章后的题目
拿到一篇阅读文章，考生应该首先细读题目要求，确定哪些是关于文章结构的题目，哪些是关于文章细节的题目，同时找出题目中的中心词。
STEP TWO：带着问题扫描文章
1. 扫描标题
考生拿到一篇雅思学术类阅读文章，首先应该看一下文章的标题，而迄今为止，雅思学术类阅读理解考试中大致出现过下列三种题目类型：第一种是正规标题，始可用来判断文章大意、类型、而得知文章结构;第二种是主标题加副标题，副标题有时承担揭示文章结构的重任;第三种是无标题，这种考试形式自99 年开在中国考区出现，一般文章较长而且难，但仍然可以在文章第一段发现揭示文章主题的主旨句。考生应注意：描述性标题应该予以忽略;如果文章分几个SECTION 论述，则SECTION 的标题也应该加以注意
2.扫描全文的分段情况及其他信息
考生应注意数字、百分比、分数、时间或货币符号出现较多的段落;引号、大写专有名词、括号及破折号出现较多的段落;斜体字、黑体字、下划线出现较多的
段落
3.扫描每个段落的首末句，把握文章主题：
主题句提示文章每段的主题含意，进而合成整个文章的大意。因此，一定要找出主题句，从而找出这一段的主题。主题句通常是一段文章的首句(当然并非永远如此)，寻找主题句的方法可按下列顺序：
首句 --→ 第二句 --→中间句--→ 末句
注意：如果首句是描述性语句则应该予以忽略,通过段落首末句判断段落主题的关键是找准中心词(KEY WORD)中心词最可能是表示主要概念的名词，一般是句子的主语和宾语;表明状态的动词;表示程度高低、范围大小、肯定或否定的副词;中心词会在题目及原文中以同义词形式大量出现。比如：famous - prestigious;restructure delayer.
4. 扫描连接上下文的信号词
5. 扫描文章文章中是否有图表或示意图
这些图表一般包含了一些有关回答问题的信息，因此可以先对这些图表做一扫描，了解其内容从而加快答题速度，不然的话，就可能陷在文章中四处找寻答案而乱无头绪。但应注意，一般照片、地图、漫画可以予以忽略。
STEP THREE：
以问题为中心，通过上述扫描工作，找出文章中对应的中心词，从而定位正确答案。
雅思阅读
篇2：雅思阅读关键词定位
雅思阅读关键词定位
雅思阅读关键词定位真相1：心态紧张，视线模糊
烤鸭心理太紧张了，一味的追求速度，心理想着：快快快!我要比火箭快!于是，紧张的心理，模糊了视线，于是在考场上，阅读的文章，变成了介样：
烤鸭萌，你一紧张，阅读文章变成了介样，请问你怎么可能定位得粗来呢?所以，做阅读第一步，心态调整好，别那么紧张，阅读的速度其实，不用那么快的!刚开始定位第一题时可以稍稍慢点，没关系，或者看第一组题目，如果有好定位的题(出现特殊关键词)，可以优先定位好定位的题，然后再结合题文同序的原则定位。
在原词出现的情况下，特殊词定位，这一步一定要快且准确，快速锁定出题点，特殊词定位必须全拿下;
2)没有特殊词，名词定位，用有‘新意’的名词定位(具体课上会解释)。名词定位，如果长难句处理能力强的同学，去定位时：首先结合题文同序的原则，大致圈定出题点后，每个句子快速扫主语和宾语，因为主语和宾语基本都是名词，可以快速找到;如果烤鸭本身句子结构和成分掌握得不好的，那就‘硬扫’，把眼睛当成扫描仪，确保每个单词都看到，但是不用用脑去想每个单词的意思，直到快速扫到这个词为止。
雅思阅读关键词定位真相2：定位信息不要只停留在题目上，预测原文也可以定位
考试中一定有些题目，是烤鸭看到之后不知道怎么定位的，因为这样的题目，关键词太难画了。如下例：
例：What is the smallest species of Bovid called?
学生看到介个题目，内心是奔溃的。怎么定位呢?Bovid是文章主题词，文章多次重复出现，不具备定位的价值。找smallest species,文中压根木有出现啊。怎么定位呢?这个时候，其实可以预测答案和原文的形式，来定位。谈到一个物种的大小，要么就是说高度，要么就是说重量，是不是?所以，结合题文同序的原则，去文中快速锁定出现讲身高或是体重的地方，快速定位，预测一下看是不是出题点。文中符合这个特点的原文是：
This diversity of habitat is also matched by great diversity in size and form: at one extreme is the royal antelope of west Africa, which stands a mere 25 cm at the shoulder; at the other, the massively built bisons of North America and Europe, growing to a shoulder height of 2.2m.(答案：royal antelope)
所以，烤鸭们，请记住通过预测答案在文中的信息和表现方式，也是可以定位的哦。
雅思阅读关键词定位真相3：定位不光是找某个词，学霸们的定位其实是在快速扫读原文
为什么要扫读原文?我刚刚讲过，考试时，关键词原词出现的题数大约是25-30题，看人品决定。原词出现的，你硬扫也要扫到关键词哦。但是，文中可能不只一个地方出现了关键词，所以要快速扫读出现了关键词的地方，快速提主干，理解大意，通过意思来确定是否是出题点。这就是我强调的，为什么题目要先读懂，再画关键词去定位，因为要通过意思才能确定是否是出题点，这是扫读的原因之一。
原因之二，考官在设置题目的时候，会划分难度，以来选拔不同程度的学生。所以，大约有10道题左右的题目，很难找到一样的关键词，只能通过意思，识别同义替换来定位。当然，这样的题目在定位时还是要结合题文同序的原则，先大概锁定出题点的大概段落，再去快速扫读句子，弄清大意，通过意思，通过识别同义替换来定位。雅思阅读中的同义替换也有几种情况，烤鸭们心里也需要门清的，阅读考试中，同义替换的有以下几种形式：
同义词组/近义词组互换
词性互转(如loss-lost, confidence-confident)
抽象具体/上下义词的同义替换(如fire fighting tools-- fire engine, helicopter等)
类似summary的高度总结和概括
(以上内容，请具体参阅‘雅思语言’那篇文章)
雅思阅读关键词定位最大真相：定位不到，其实就是实力有待提高，踏踏实实，提升实力
实力提升，需要词汇+长难句，有一定的词汇基础之后，更重要的是提升句子结构处理的能力，快速处理长难句的能力，并且看句子时，不要只是停留在英文的表面，要理解!理解!理解!理解就是反应出中文意思来。
烤鸭们，“路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索”。目光和志向定得长远些，不要想着，我今天学习，明天就要出成绩出结果。要想想，如果坚持学习，1个月后，3个月后，1年后的你会是什么样!加油!
雅思阅读模拟试题
This reading test contains 14 questions. You should spend about 20 minutes
on this task.
To make it more authentic, download the test and do it with pen and
paper.
Read the passage below and answer 14 questions.
Bird Body Language
A
Birds are becoming popular as pets, but unlike with more common pets,
owners of birds are often not familiar with the behavioural patterns of the
animal which allow them to recognise what the pet needs and wants. For example,
most of us can recognise the behaviour a dog exhibits when he is hungry or wants
attention, but how many of us know how birds go about showing the same feelings?
By learning about the behavioural patterns of birds, its owner can forge a
stronger relationship with his pet. Owners can learn how to read bird body
language, including movements of the eyes, wings, tail and beak. In addition,
the sounds the bird makes can also indicate the mood, desires, and requirements
of the pet.
B
A bird’s eyes are different from a human’s. While both birds and humans
have pupils and irises (the black and coloured parts respectively), birds have
the ability to control the size of their pupils by enlarging and reducing their
irises quickly. This behaviour, flashing, is something birds may do when they
are angry, interested, or frightened.
C
A bird also communicates through the use of their wings. A bird may lift or
open his wings as a sign of happiness. But if the bird starts opening and
closing their wings, it may signal anger or pain. If a bird fails to fold its
wings against its body, and instead lets them hang by their side, the bird may
be ill. Healthy adult birds will typically tuck their wings against their bodies
when they are at rest.
D Birds often use their tail feathers to communicate, so an understanding
of this behaviour will help the pet’s owner. A bird may move his tail from side
to side, called wagging, to express happiness (similar to dogs in behaviour and
meaning). Happiness is also the emotion expressed by other kinds of tail
movement, such as up and down. However, if a bird fans his tail feathers out, it
is usually a way to show anger or aggression.
E
While the bird’s beak is used mainly for eating and grooming, a bird may
also communicate by using beak movements. For example, a bird may click his beak
once as a greeting, and several clicks can be taken as a warning. Birds may
sometimes bite, but it is often difficult to determine the reason behind it –
birds bite as a way to defend territory, show anger or express fear.
F
Finally, the sounds a bird makes are very important in communication. Birds
use vocalisations to communicate with each other (and with their owners).
Singing is the sign of a happy bird, and many birds love to sing when others are
around. Birds may also purr, though this is not the same as a cat's purr. A
bird's purr sounds more like a low growl, and may indicate annoyance. Finally, a
bird may click his tongue against his beak, and this often indicates a desire to
be picked up and petted.
Questions
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Part of the body
Eyes
Wings
Wings
Wings
Tail
Tail
Beak
Beak
Movement
Rapid change ____(1)____ size of pupils, called ____(2)____
Wings in an ____(3)____ position
____(4)____ of wings
Wings ____(5)____
____(7)____ in any direction
Fanning out
One click
Several clicks Reason
Anger, interest
Contentment
Anger or pain
____(6)____
Happiness
Aggression
____(8)____
Warning
The Reading Passage has six paragraphs, A-F.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter A-F in boxes 9-14 on your answer sheet.NB You may
use any letter more than once.
9) Mentions behaviour connected to a bird’s state of health
10) Describes how birds say hello
11) Compares the behaviour of two different pets
12) Compares humans and birds
13) Discusses the importance of learning about bird behaviour
14) Describes how birds indicate they want physical contact
参考答案
Answers
1) in
2) flashing
3) open
4) movement
5) hanging down / at side
6) illness
7) wagging / movement
8) greeting
9) C
10) E
11) D/F
12) B
13) A
14) F
篇3：如何准确锁定雅思阅读中的定位词
如何准确锁定雅思阅读中的定位词
1、定位词的基本特点：
不可替换性：题目中变化性最小的词性才能充当定位词,一般情况下以具象名词为主.
2、定位词的三大种类：
A特殊词汇
其中包括：首字母大写的信息,数字,时间,与人相关的信息(身份、职业),学科等
PS：如果此类定位词和主题相关,一般每段都重复,则无任何实际作用;如果定位词只在局部的1~2段重复,仍然要做出答案位置的标志.具有描述性的名词、抽象概念的名词,由动词或者形容词延伸出的名词往往变化性也较大,但在定位时不要舍弃.
B限定+名词
限定和名词的组合其实相当于一个具象的“名词”,一般情况下在文章中能找到这样的类似组合或者概念的表达,因此方便定位.
PS：但是有时候限定+名词组合在文中会出现上义到下义的改写现象,这个时候需要学生善于根据这个特点去联想定位.比如说在做段落信息配对题时候这种改写非常明显,以剑7lets go bats这篇文章的段落信息配对题为例;最后一个题目出现了一个military use 这样的限定和名词组合,再定位过程中一定要联想到在文章中一般会给出这个组合所表达概念的下义内容,此题文章对应的就是detection of submarine,world war 2这样下义表达.
C新鲜词汇和绝对生词
这一类别定位词的判定需要大家对于文章话题和结构有一定的把握,比如说一篇文章的话题是考古,但是题目中出现了一个词叫garret阁楼,这个词相对于主题就比较新鲜,一般都能定位到.再如剑5第一篇文章summary题目最后出现了一个词king也相对主题(词典编撰)有点新鲜,因此可以定位到.对于绝对生词,因人而异,这里不建议词汇量特别小的学员将此类作为定位词,词汇量小,任何核心词汇高频词汇都有可能是生词,定位起来很麻烦.
下面再说一下最近略有心得的一种定位法--错乱定位法
在雅思阅读的做题过程中会发现有时候即使定位词找对了但是在定位的过程中也可能效果不好,因为有些定位词一般都是藏在文章的某一个小角落,存在但难发现.比如说在做TRUE,FALSE,NOT GIVEN的时候如果依次做题,第一题题目找到定位词,然后带着定位词在文章中查找,有可能会扑空,如果扑空了,这个定位的过程所用的时间就浪费了,最后导致的结果是做题时间不够用.那么如何解决这一问题呢?那就是错乱定位.
错乱定位就是浏览所有题目中的定位词,然后简单的判断哪些定位词最易找到,先找出最易找的定位词做出对应的题目,然后再做其他.以剑 5Johnson’s dictionary后面的summary题为例.浏览summary,划出所有定位词,garret,central desk,40000,king.然后会发现40000很好找,几乎2秒就能定位到,定位到以后很容易做出第5空,其次是King,做出第6空;再结合这种题型的特点,很快能搞定其他定位词和所有题.这样的一个过程没有一个步骤很浪费的,因此可以提高做题效率.
错乱定位最佳应用题型：
1.T/F/NG(80%) Table Completion
2.人名-理论搭配、人名-事物他配、特征-事物搭配、图片-事物搭配、summary(无选项)、单选题.
雅思阅读需要跨越的4个障碍
(1) 单词
IELTS普通培训类阅读文章中涉及词汇7000左右，但具备4000左右(即大学英语四级水平)即可应考。单词量不够的考生,应在短期内迅速扩充认知词汇,为看文章做题打下一个良好的基础。
有些考生脱离语境孤立地背单词，这样容易遗忘或混淆单词的意义。如有考生考试时遇到contribution(设计;设法做到)想不起来什么意思，只记得在词汇表里该单词位于contribution(贡献)之后、controversial(有争议的)之前。要解决这个问题,考生可以通过制作单词卡片，正面写英文拼写，背面写中文释义的方法来记忆。每天背一定量的生词，并不断补充，而且还可以打乱次序。当然，最有效的是在上下文，即文章当中记忆单词。
(2) 句子
IELTS阅读中有的题目考的是对于文章中某一句子的理解，若考生领会有偏差，就容易失分。考生应对一些复合句，尤其是双重否定句、比较句、指代句等有一定的了解。在遇到比较复杂的句子的时候，应静下心来，从把握句子主干一一主谓结构着手来分析句子结构。
(3) 速度
几乎任何阅读考试均同时考查阅读速度(speed)与理解精确度(accuracy)。IELTS普通培训类阅读考试要求考生在60分钟的时间里迅速而准确地答题。为赶时间而一味求快或为追求准确而放弃一些题的做法都是不可取的。总的来说,阅读速度的改善不容易一蹴而就，需要大量的练习和长时间的努力。不过,掌握一些阅读技巧，革除一些坏习惯，将有助于看文章时加快速度。
快速阅读最关键的是在扫描文章的时候把握段落的主旨，并做出标记，并且在看完文章后对文章的结构有大致的了解。至于阅读的坏习惯，约有以下几种：
① 边看边读 有的同学由于以前学英语课文的时候有朗读的习惯，碰到英语文章，总是情不自禁地读出声来，或是口里念念有词。这样做的后果，必然是阅读速度降低。解决问题的关键是，一定要树立“看”文章而不是“读”文章的心态。
② 一次只看一个单词 有的同学是逐词逐词地看，一眼只看一个单词，这样做，不仅速度慢,，而且可能会出现这样一种情形：每个单词都认识，但整句话就是理解不了。克服上述逐词阅读坏习惯的方法是争取眼睛在文章中移动的速度逐步加快，一次看一个意群(sense unit)，而不是只看一个单词。意群的划分如例所示：It is possible to use this iron in a vertical position so that you can remove creases from clothes on coat hangers or from curtains.
③遇生词则停顿习惯于在做题的时候先把所有生词查出来的考生，在实战时容易出现碰到生词就停下来思索很长时间以致于打断阅读连贯性的情况。考生应该平时养成根据上下文猜测单词含义的习惯，而对于那些不影响理解的生词，则可以忽略不计。
(4)不根据文章内容而是按自己的臆测做题
IELTS阅读考查的是考生对于所考文章理解，而不是考生的知识面或是对于某个问题的见解。切忌不依照文章内容判断而凭生活常识或个人感觉来答题,在做TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN题的时候尤其要注意这一点。
篇4：关于定位词的雅思A类阅读出题思路
关于定位词的雅思A类阅读出题思路
首先，我们来看一下剑桥6P91的Q17。
As a result, factors such as 17_______ and attitudes to children have been eliminated ...
文中出现了我们非常熟悉的and结构，找到attitudes基本上距离答案就不远了。另外，并列结构 such as 前的factors,以及部分考鸭不太熟悉的eliminated,也具有提示作用。回到原文定位。
Now a long-term study carried out in Nicaragua has eliminated these factors by showing that teaching reading to poor adult women, who would other wise have remained illiterate, has a direct effect on their children's health and survival.
我们找到了factors和eliminated， 但既没有找到and结构，也没找到attitudes。不少考生会习惯性继续向下寻找，进而距离答案越来越远。这里，我们忽视掉了非常重要的一个代词these。它用来指代前面的结构，也暗示前面出现了我们需要的factors。我们只需向前看一句，便轻松得到了答案。
Most literate women learnt to read in primary school, and the fact that a woman has had aneducation may simply indicate her family's wealth or that it values its children more highly.
我们会发现两个并列结构 and和or, 而题目中and 后跟的‘attitudes to children ’与这句话中‘it values its children more highly ’做了同义转述，所以答案应为or前方的 family’s wealth，选项J即为答案。这里attitude 的同义转述无形中增加了难度，即使大家先于定位句看到这句话也不容易得到答案。但是，有了these的提示，并谨记‘代词向前看’这一原则，相信答案就会乖乖地到碗里来。
同样的案例也出现在了剑桥8的P29，请大家自行完成。
Positive results could be produced by factors such as 34 ………… or 35 ………….
原文: Just because chance had been ruled out as an explanation did not prove telepathy must exist; there were many other ways of getting positive results. These ranged from 'sensory leakage' - where clues about the pictures accidentally reach the receiver - to outright fraud. In response, the researchers issued a review of all the Garfield studies done up to 1985 to show that 80 per cent had found statistically significant evidence. However, they also agreed that there were still too many problems in the experiments which could lead to positive results, and they drew up a list demanding new standards for future research.
我们发现，上面的案例还仅仅局限于两句之间的代词指代作用，但如果大家的认识仅仅局限于此，就太小看代词these了。下面咱们再看一个例子，这个题目是来自剑桥9P21的Q14，为文章的B段选标题。
原文:
In discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scientists adopt two ground rules. First, UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects) are generally ignored since most scientists don’t consider the evidence for them to be strong enough to bear serious consideration although it is also important to keep an open mind in case any really convincing evidence emerges in the future. Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us, since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognize it as a life form, quite apart from whether we are able to communicate with it. In other words, the life form we are looking for may well have two green heads and seven fingers, but it will nevertheless resemble us in that it should communicate with its fellows, be interested in the Universe, live on a planet orbiting a star like our Sun, and perhaps most restrictively, have a chemistry, like us, based on carbon and water.
我已经非常善良地为大家划出了体现此段结构的关键提示，但当你看到选项‘iv. Assumptions underlying the search for extra terrestrial intelligence ’时，不知是否有绝对把握选择它。在非常短的时间内选出这个答案还是需要实力的，而且不少考生即使选中此选项也不是特别确定，心理上的波动对下面的题目也会有一定影响。但是当我们看到C段首句‘Even when we make these assumptions, our understanding of other life forms is still severely limited.’时，我们会非常自信地选出答案iv。这里，these assumptions 对上一段信息做了概括，可见these的强大。同样的案例在剑桥7P70的Q14也有所体现，只不过将B段首句中的techniques替换为了iv.选项中的methods罢了。
实际上，在代词家族中this、that、they、those等都有类似用法，有心的考鸭可以在平时的学习中做个有心人，留意观察，并谨记‘代词向前看’的原则，相信这些起到指代作用的代词会在大家夺取雅思阅读高分的路上助大家一臂之力。另外，在雅思写作中合理使用代词起到暗连接作用也是备受考官亲睐的,大家不妨试一下。
雅思双语阅读：爱情不是婚姻唯一保鲜秘诀
A photo of Kim Hee Sun and his husband. Australian researchers have identified what it takes to keep a couple together, and it's a lot more than just being in love.
Living happily ever after needn't only be for fairy tales. Australian researchers have identified what it takes to keep a couple together, and it's a lot more than just being in love.
A couple's age, previous relationships and even whether they smoke or not are factors that influence whether their marriage is going to last, according to a study by researchers from the Australian National University.
The study, entitled “What's Love Got to Do With It”, tracked nearly 2,500 couples - married or living together - from to to identify factors associated with those who remained together compared with those who divorced or separated.
It found that a husband who is nine or more years older than his wife is twice as likely to get divorced, as are husbands who get married before they turn 25.
Children also influence the longevity of a marriage or relationship, with one-fifth of couples who have kids before marriage - either from a previous relationship or in the same relationship - having separated compared to just nine percent of couples without children born before marriage.
Women who want children much more than their partners are also more likely to get a divorce.
A couple's parents also have a role to play in their own relationship, with the study showing some 16 percent of men and women whose parents ever separated or divorced experienced marital separation themselves compared to 10 percent for those whose parents did not separate.
Also, partners who are on their second or third marriage are 90 percent more likely to separate than spouses who are both in their first marriage.
Not surprisingly, money also plays a role, with up to 16 percent of respondents who indicated they were poor or where the husband - not the wife - was unemployed saying they had separated, compared with only nine percent of couples with healthy finances.
雅思阅读漫话文章结构：人文社科类
书籍、电影、戏剧这些艺术作品往往是扎根在生活，然后通过一定的艺术手段来升华，然后达到教化民众，提升素质的目的。雅思考试作为一种专业的语言测试系统，它所用到的人文社科类文章也同样是“源于生活高于生活”的。考生在考试过程中会遇见自己所熟悉的一些社会现象、事迹或者自己不熟悉的某些试验、研究。但是，雅思考试的阅读文章不会止于对于这些现象或者试验的简单叙述。以下，专家就社会现象类及实验研究类这两类文章的常见文章结构作简单的分析。
社会现象类的文章，一般在对于这些现象加以描述之后，往往紧接着章还会对这些现象做一定程度的背景或原因分析，然后是这些现象造成的后果及人们的应对措施，当然往往有些文章最后还少不了对于这种现象的未来展望。
试验研究类的文章，开始会介绍这个实验的一些基本情况，如试验主体、试验对象等等，之后往往会介绍试验的具体操作过程，然后是实验的结果，及最终的数据结论。当然也会出现这样的情况，即试验过程中有很多不同的学者通过不同的途径来作试验研究，也得出了一些结论，往往这些结论是各不相同甚至矛盾的，引发很多争议。这样的文章出现，往往会伴随着人物观点题。
以下选取了剑桥5，Test 3的第一篇Early Childhood Education 这一篇典型的实验研究类文章给考生分析一下行文结构：通过对于文章各段的大致浏览，考生可以了解到文章主要是讲述了Headstart 及 Missouri 两个实验。开始描述了实验的目的及实验主体;紧接着介绍了两个实验的具体进程;之后是实验的结果及相关的结论。
在了解了文章的大致行文结构之后，对于考生的解题也是有相当的帮助的。特别是考生比较头疼的“段落信息包含题”，即文章1-4的Which paragraph contains the following information? 拿其中的第4题举个例子，‘a description of the positive outcomes of an education programme’, 题目当中既然出现了‘outcomes’这样的词，那么根据正常行文的结构，一定是出现在文章的最后部分的。
剑桥5，Test 1的第二篇Nature or Nurture?的第16题：the identity of the pupils此题和上述题型一致，同属信息包含题。题目问的是学生的身份应该归属于哪一段。那么根据正常行文的结构来判断的话，这种身份介绍性的内容大多数情况下是会出现在文章的开始部分的，所以答案是B段。
双语阅读：法国游客小气傲慢全球最差
A foreign tourist smokes from a water pipe in a coffee shop in Cairo February 23, .(Agencies)
French tourists are the worst in the world, coming across as bad at foreign languages, tight-fisted and arrogant, according to a survey of 4,500 hotel owners across the world.
They finish in last place in the survey carried out for internet travel agency Expedia by polling company TNS Infratest, which said French holidaymakers don't speak local languages and are seen as impolite.
“It's mainly the fact that they speak little or no English when they're abroad, and they don't speak much of the local language,” Expedia Marketing Director Timothee de Roux told radio station France Info.
“The French don't go abroad very much. We're lucky enough to have a country which is magnificent in terms of its landscape and culture,” he said, adding that 90 per cent of French people did their traveling at home. “
So when they're on holiday they can be a bit stressed, they're not used to things, and this can lead them to be demanding in a way which could be seen as a certain arrogance.”
French tourists are also accused of generally spending less than other nationalities when abroad.
De Roux said the French, not accustomed to leaving large tips at home where a service charge is automatically levied on restaurant bills, can seem “tight-fisted” compared with other nationalities.
The Japanese ranked top of the Best Tourist survey, with the British and the Germans judged the best of the Europeans.
But French tourists received some consolation for their poor performance, finishing third after the Italians and British for dress sense while on holiday.
Vocabulary:
levy: 征收，征税
根据一项对全世界4500家旅馆老板的调查，法国游客是世界上最糟糕的游客，他们外语讲得差，既小气又傲慢。
这项由市场调查公司TNS Infratest为在线旅行社Expedia所做的调查显示，法国游客排在最后一名，他们不讲本地语言，而且被认为不礼貌。
“这主要是因为法国人在国外几乎不说英语，而且他们也不太会本地语言，” Expedia的营销总监蒂莫西?德?路克斯在接受法国电台France Info采访时说。
他说：“法国人不经常出国。我们很幸运，他们的国家幅员辽阔、文化繁荣。” 他还说90%的法国人都选择在国内旅行。
“所以当他们在外度假的时候，会感到有些压抑，他们对周遭不大适应，这可能会让他们行为苛刻，并可能被视为傲慢。”
法国游客还被认为在国外总体上比其他国家的游客花钱更少。
德?路克斯说，法国人在国内时不习惯给高额小费，因为在法国服务费会被自动算在饭馆的帐单上，所以和其他国家的游客相比，法国游客看起来更吝啬。
在最佳游客调查中，日本人排在第一位，英国人和德国人被评为最好的欧洲游客。
尽管法国游客表现不佳，但是他们在度假期间穿着品位排行中名列第三，仅次于意大利和英国游客，这也算是一种安慰吧。
篇5：雅思阅读定位方法谈
雅思阅读定位方法谈：请给我一双慧眼or写轮眼
那么如果同学们定位定不到，到底是为什么呢?我认为有以下三个原因：
雅思阅读定位之真的缺乏一双发现的眼睛
这个应该是很多同学会比较头痛的问题，那是真的没有善于发现爱的眼睛啊。人家出题句就在那个地方，死都看不到，这也真的是醉醉了。其实，这就是在考察各位scanning的能力，我们所谓的scan是带着一个特殊的词或信息，在文中寻找，找到了停住即可，其他那些在寻找中所遇见的词或句子都是浮云，千万不要较真的一一读懂，浪费表情～
雅思阅读定位方法：scanning在生活中无处不在，你看航班，火车信息，其实都是在用scanning只是自己不知道而已，所以大家要好好的训练一下，定位词的选择不要出错(否则你看破大天也定不出来)。这里，刚刚提醒各位，我们雅思阅读中很多题目都是有顺序的，请千万不要犯倔，一定要从第一题定到最后一题，先定最好定位的，然后再根据顺序原则去推(把全文定位变为局部定位)
雅思阅读定位之碰到难题，定位词同义替换了
如果各位烤鸭对于雅思阅读的分数停留在7分以下，那么碰到这种定位词同义替换的题目，我只能说大家运气不好，一般这种情况都会发生在第三篇。那这种情况，其实不怪各位，你们的题干定位词都找对了，但就是在文中找不到，这个时候一定要有一个意识，也许定位词被同义替换了，
如：C10T1P3的第34题：Peopleworking under a dominant boss are liable to
这道题目我们的定位词用dominant boss 是没有问题的，可是你通篇去找你会发现根本找不到类似的词，这个时候我们发现，他就是定位词被同义替换了，大家看下下面这个出题段，看看同义替换成了什么?
没错，就是Authority，dominant boss就是支配型的老板，那么衍升一点就是有权利的老板，对应我们的Authority，所以这道题目的对应出题段就是文中的倒数第三段。碰到这种题目怎么办呢?
雅思阅读定位方法：同义替换的总结，这一定是不能偷懒的
另外，还是想说，把全文定位变为局部定位，各位如果从全文去找dominant boss这无疑是大海捞针，所以为什么不先做33题，然后做35题，然后根据顺序原则在35和33的中间去卡34的位置呢。这样加上前面对同义替换的准备，我们找起来，也会方便很多。
雅思阅读定位之不相信自己，总觉得自己是错的
这个问题，主要出现在判断题上。我们都知道判断题是有一个选项NG的，而NG的一种情况就是原文未提及。很多同学在做此类题目的时候，定位定不到就往死里定(有的时候我真的不怕你们定不到，而是怕你们凭想象力去定，天啊噜)。总觉得，自己定不到肯定是自己的问题。同学你这样真的好嘛?
雅思阅读定位方法：任何一种题型，一定有定位的突破口，找到它(也就是最好定位的题目)，先去定位，然后根据判断题的顺序原则去上下推测附近题目的出题范围(局部定位)，相信自己，如果没有找到，就大胆的选择NG(但千万不要选太多NG啊，一般6-7个判断题出2-3个NG)
最后刚刚想说的，定位是雅思考察的最基本的语言能力之一，这将在各位出国留学的时候起到非常大的作用，所以各位同学一定要注意这个问题。当然，大家也不要被刚刚上面说的给吓到了，雅思作为一门语言评测类考试，只要各位下功夫，多练习，多总结(当然要每天关注刚刚的推送啦)，是一定会有提高的。
雅思阅读素材积累：A Drier and Hotter Future
While I was reading William deBuys's new book, A Great Aridness, two massive dust storms reminiscent of the 1930s raged across the skies of Phoenix and of Lubbock, Texas. Newspapers blamed them on the current drought in the West, which is proximately true. But what ultimately is causing this drought, and why would any drought produce such terrifying clouds of dust? The answer is that they may be portents of a more threatening world that we humans are unwittingly creating. As deBuys explains, “Because arid lands tend to be underdressed in terms of vegetation, they are naturally dusty. Humans make them dustier.”
Agriculture is the main reason for those dust storms—the clearing of native grasslands or sagebrush to grow cotton or wheat, which die quickly when drought occurs and leave the soil unprotected. Phoenix and Lubbock are both caught in severe drought, and it is going to get much worse. We may see many such storms in the decades ahead, along with species extinctions, radical disturbance of ecosystems, and intensified social conflict over land and water. Welcome to the Anthropocene, the epoch when humans have become a major geological and climatic force.
DeBuys is an acclaimed historian turned conservationist in his adopted home of the Southwest. A Great Aridness is his most disturbing book, a jeremiad that ought to be required reading for politicians, economists, real-estate developers and anyone thinking about migrating to the Sunbelt. In the early chapters he reports on the science of how and why precipitation and ecology are changing, not predictably but in nonlinear ways that make the future very uncertain and dark. In later chapters he visits ancient pueblo ruins left behind by earlier civilizations that were destroyed by drought, and he follows the grim trail of migrants crossing the border from Mexico, stirring up a controversy that climate change can only exacerbate. The book is an eclectic mix of personal experience, scientific analysis and environmental history.
Smoke as well as dust is spoiling the southwestern skies. As deBuys points out, forest fires are getting much bigger. In June the Rodeo and Chediski fires erupted on Arizona's Mogollon Plateau, soon merging into a single conflagration that consumed nearly 500,000 acres. It was Arizona's largest fire—until the Wallow Fire eclipsed it in June . Another devastating effect of climate change has been the explosion of bark beetles among western pines, which in turn contributes to the new fire regime; in , dead trees covered 2.6 million acres in Arizona and New Mexico. Could anything be more demoralizing than the sight of green forests turned a grisly brown, then bursting into flame and left charred and black?
Even more depressing than declining forests are mountains bare of snow. When future springs arrive, the sound of running water will be much diminished. The biggest environmental catastrophe for the Southwest, already our most arid region, is losing the melting runoff from snowpacks into rivers, canals and irrigation ditches. An ominous chapter in the book examines the future of the Colorado River, which for decades has been the “blood” of the Southwest's oasis civilization. In the 1920s Americans divided the river between upper and lower basins, allocating to each a share of the annual flow. California, which contributes almost nothing to the river, sucks up the largest share of any state, spreading it across the Imperial Valley's agricultural fields and diverting the rest to Los Angeles. Years ago policy makers assumed that the river carried about 17 million acre-feet of water per year—that is, enough water to cover 17 million acres to a depth of one foot. They overestimated, as people tend to do when hope and greed outrun the facts. Now comes a drier and hotter future, when the Colorado River will carry even less water—perhaps as little as 11 million acre-feet.
Tim Barnett and David Pierce of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography estimate that to adjust to a sustainable level of supply, consumers of Colorado River water will have to get along with 20 percent less water than they use today. That is still a lot of water to lose, but the loss may not be catastrophic. Urban users are already conserving about as much as they can per capita. Farmers, on the other hand, who consume about 80 percent of the western water supply, including in California, are wasting much through inefficient management and low-value crops. Half of the water goes to raise alfalfa to feed cattle, and much of the rest evaporates or soaks into the sand. If some of agriculture's share could be diverted to cities, there might be enough to sustain the current population. Rural communities would decline, some lucky farmers would retire with a potful of money, and the public would have to figure out where to get its lettuce, tomatoes, oranges and meat. The cost of water would go up dramatically, and those without money would go thirsty and leave. New hierarchies would take the place of old ones.
Thirty million people now depend on the Colorado River. Perhaps they can manage to adjust to a diminished flow and to declines in domestic food supplies and hydroelectric power. But more people are on the way: Demographers calculate that the population of the Southwest may increase by 10 or 20 million between now and 2050. Some of those people will come from other parts of the country, some from Mexico and Central America, and some from other nations that are coping poorly with their current problems or are overwhelmed by climate change. Whatever their origin, the new arrivals will go to the familiar oases, hoping to find the good life with a swimming pool and a green lawn.
Developers are eager to make money by selling homes to these newcomers. The political and economic culture of the Southwest is dead set against any acknowledgment of limits to growth. In the last few chapters of the book, deBuys shows that even now those in power refuse to accept any check to expansion; business must be free to do business. Others say that they are helpless to stop the influx: Patricia Mulroy, general manager of the Southern Nevada Water Authority in Las Vegas, declares, “You can't take a community as thriving as this one and put a stop sign out there. The train will run right over you.” Her solution is to create an expensive “straw” to extract water from a shrinking Lake Mead, drawing on the “dead pool” that will be left below the intakes for generating electricity. She doesn't have the money to build that straw right now, but she is working hard to keep her improbable city from drying up and becoming a casualty like ancient Mesopotamia. Similarly, Phoenix continues to issue building permits helter-skelter and counts on “augmenting the supply” of water sometime in the future. But where will the state and city go for more supply, and how will they bring it cheaply over mountains and plains to keep Phoenix sprawling into the sunset?
DeBuys gathers enough scientific evidence to make a convincing case against that growth mentality. A similar case could be made against growth in the rest of the United States, although in the East the threat may be too much water, not too little, and too many storms, not too much smoke and dust. The past warns us that ancient peoples once failed to adapt and survive. Will theirs be America's fate? Perhaps. But past human behavior may not be a reliable indicator of how people will behave in the future. If the environment is becoming nonlinear and unpredictable, as deBuys argues, then human cultures may also become nonlinear and unpredictable. No other people have had as much scientific knowledge to illuminate their condition. What we will do with that knowledge is the biggest imponderable of all.
篇6：雅思阅读定位的重要性
雅思阅读：也谈定位
一、从原文中找“特殊词”
什么样的词是“特殊词”呢?特殊词，顾名思义就是样子特殊、很容易在原文中找到的词。比如：时间，地点，人名，书名，杂志名，专有名词，斜体字，引号引出的词，A-B类型的词。这些词要么是数字(阿拉伯数字或是用英语单词表述的数字，需要注意形式)，要么是首字母大写的词，在原文中很容易被快速找到。
二、从题干中找“定位词”
然而，不是所有的题目中都包含这样的“特殊词”的，在雅思阅读中更多的题目是不包含“特殊词”的题目，这无疑增加了定位的难度。但是如果我们能通过读题迅速判断出决定题目所在的这句话不同于文中其他句子的相对独特的词，再在原文中找到这些相对独特的词我们就可以准确的找到原文的位置了。我们来看几个例子，横线划出的是定位词：
Endangered languages cannot be saved unless people learn to speak more than one language.
Saving languages from extinction is not in itself a satisfactory goal.
The way we think may be determined by our language.
Young people often reject the established way of life in their community.
A change of language may mean a loss of traditional culture.
三、通过题目的前后顺序帮助定位
我们都知道五种小题型、判断题、选择题、总结题的顺序性都是极强的，那么在定位的时候我们可以通过前后的题目来帮助定位，就进一步加快了我们定位的速度。
同学们在吸取了以上的定位方法之后，应该要抛开以前的英文想法，一切按照雅思的规律来，回归到语言的本身。这样，不管在考试中我们面对的是什么领域的文章，题目的答案直接从文章的表象中找就可以，不用特意深入地思考文章的内容。当同学们习惯了用正确的方法做题之后，雅思阅读题目在大家的感官里一定会越来越容易!
雅思阅读，找准定位，一招致胜。
你不知道的雅思阅读出题规律
下面为大家整理了你不知道的雅思阅读出题规律,供考生们参考,以下是详细内容.
1、首尾原则：大约50%的题目分布在文章首尾句以及首尾段;
2、顺序原则：美中题目基本上按照文章顺序排列;
3、改写原则：出题关键字基本都是对文章内容的改写;
4、名词原则：出题关键字基本都以名词作为考点;
5、数字原则：会出现一些带有简单运算最难不超过四则运算的简答题;
6、下定义原则：破折号,同位语从句,定语从句有可能处提;
7、举例原则：Forexample/Forinstance/Suchas等短语前面是考点;
8、连词原则：表因果、转折、相似、递进以及比较的连词会有题目出现;
9、特殊符号,特殊字体原则：括号,引号“”,黑体,斜体,下划线,以及比较罕见的词汇有可能出题;
10、图表原则：如果文章中有图表则要留心图表部分会出题.
篇7：雅思阅读定位难怎么办
雅思阅读答疑解惑：阅读定位难怎么办
雅思阅读定位词选取总规则
在雅思阅读的定位中，我们主要是通过定位词来确定题目对应的文章具体部分，其原因在于简短精确，节省时间，毕竟雅思阅读文章篇幅很长，阅读量大，一个小时的时间对于大多数烤鸭们来讲实在不算充裕。
那么如何选取定位词?
首先，选取定位词需要遵循一个总的原则，即——以名词为主。
在此提醒烤鸭们不要忘记了雅思阅读考试的核心是同义替换，从考试核心出发，名词在各类词性中意思相对唯一且明确，也因此不容易出现替换，所以在选取定位词的过程中，首先需要寻找的便是名词。
当然这并不表示所有的名词都可以用作定位词。我们首先选取名词作为定位词的原因是其意思相对唯一明确，不易替换，但是名词中有一类是不符合这个特点的——抽象名词。
抽象名词可以举出很多例 子， 诸 如 reason，idea，definition… 我 们 以definition 为例，definition 的意思是“定义，解释”，一篇文章中可能会出现对多个专家学者对某一特定现象的解释或阐释，那么在这篇文章中，每一个学者说过的话，都是一个“definition”，如此一来，如果我们选择某一题目中的“definition”作为定位词，那么该题目便无法对应到文章中的具体部分，显然就无法进一步解答了。
因此，在定位词的选取上，我们要遵循名词为主的总原则，但是要排除掉名词中的抽象名词一类。
寻找特殊词
在以名词为主的总原则下，我们要进一步睁大我们的眼睛，去发现题目中的“特殊词”。那么何为“特殊词”?常见的“特殊词”又有哪些?
(1)以大写、斜体形式出现的词
雅思阅读中会有字体上的差异，大多数情况下，如果我们在题目中读到了以大写或是斜体形式出现的单词，这些词因其“外形”上的与众不同，值得我们格外留意，一般来讲，这类词是适合选择的定位词。
(2)数字
众所周知，英文里的数字相对来讲拼写繁琐，所以大多数情况下，阅读中出现的数字都是以阿拉伯数字形式出现的，包括百分数、分数等等，也因此数字在大多数情况下在一堆英文字母里就显得格外突出啦!所以，一般来讲，数字同样也是适合选作定位的“特殊词”之一。
(3)时间
雅思阅读中涉及到的时间非常多，大到世纪，小到分秒。时间同样是一类适合选择作为定位词的“特殊词”。时间的特性之一便是其唯一性，而这恰恰符合我们选择定位词的要求，诸如 1985、二十世纪等都是唯一且确定的时间，同样容易发现，且不易替换。更不用说年份这类词尝尝是以阿拉伯数字形式出现的，就更加显眼了!
(4)人名
学术类阅读中常常涉及各类专家、学者，因此人名同样是出镜频率较高的一类“特殊词”。人名出现需要大写，且拼写方式明显与其他词不同，烤鸭们最头疼的替换问题更是完全不需要担心!因此，一般情况下，人名同样是题目中适合作为定位词的“特殊词”。
雅思阅读特殊词的特殊情况
首先看题目中有无“特殊词”的原因是其显眼好找，且不易替换的特性。“不易替换”
当然不等于“不会替换”，考官们在“特殊词”上，也会想尽办法，企图难倒众烤鸭们。
例如数字上容易出现特殊情况的百分数。《剑桥雅思 7》Test 2 Passage 3 的第 34题 ：
“The survey concluded that one-fifth or 20% of the household transport requirement as outside the local area.”中选择“20%”作为定位词，而回到文章中却根本没有发现 20% 这个数字，实际上就是考官耍了一个小trick，20% outside 在文章中变成了 80% within。
所以，当用百分数 X 作为定位词没有找到对应时，我们要去寻找 1-X。
没有特殊词怎么办?
要始终坚信，考官是冷酷无情的!他们是不会轻易放过烤鸭们的，所以大多数情况下，只有少部分题目中会出现上述容易定位的“特殊词”。在没有“特殊词”的情况下，我们需要选择普通词作为主要定位词。
首先，普通词定位同样是建立在词性原则基础上的，即以名词为主。
其次，我们在选取普通定位词的时候，重点是关注一道题目中的主语名词和宾语名词。
一般情况下，我们以主语名词为主，宾语名词为辅。原因在于主语名词中的“主”字，其重要性已经不言而喻，所以一道没有“特殊词”的题目，我们首先应当关注主语名词。
但是，当宾语名词与主语名词相比，宾语名词是一个更加不熟悉、不常见，甚至完全不认识的词时，宾语名词就一跃成为了主要定位词。原因有两点：
(1)该词在文章中的对应性很强，有可能仅在此文中出现并进行专门讨论。
(2)该词本身就是一个专有名词，那么该词就从一个所谓的“普通词”变成了不易，甚至是无法替换的“特殊词”。
例 如， 剑 7 Test 1 Passage 2 中 第 22 题：
“Feeding increasing populations is possible due primarily to improved irrigation systems.”中的“irrigation systems”，即灌溉系统一词，大多数烤鸭初看该词并不知道其准确意思，但是它属于要以宾语名词为主的情况，且本身就是一个专有名词，文中该词也是以原词形式出现的。
同样的情况也适用于第 26 题：
“In the future, governments should maintain ownership of water infrastructures.”的“infrastructures”一词。
所以，当没有“特殊词”，而只能选用普通词定位时，我们需要将题目中的主语名词和宾语名词选出并比较，一般情况下以主语名词为主，宾语名词为辅;当宾语名词更加不熟悉、不常见，甚至完全不认识时，以宾语名词为主要定位词。同时需要提出的是，普通词定位大概率会出现同义替换，要想做到精确定位，除了掌握好定位原则之外，还需要在同义词上多下功夫!
总之，掌握雅思阅读定位的技巧并不能够一蹴而就。还需要各位考鸭在平时的阅读训练中多加注意和练习。同时，雅思阅读的定位技巧一定是灵活运用的，适当的变通，不要花太多时间纠结.
雅思阅读考试模拟试练习题及答案解析
Time to cool it
From The Economist print edition
1 REFRIGERATORS are the epitome of clunky technology: solid, reliable and just a little bit dull. They have not changed much over the past century, but then they have not needed to. They are based on a robust and effective idea--draw heat from the thing you want to cool by evaporating a liquid next to it, and then dump that heat by pumping the vapour elsewhere and condensing it. This method of pumping heat from one place to another served mankind well when refrigerators' main jobs were preserving food and, as air conditioners, cooling buildings. Today's high-tech world, however, demands high-tech refrigeration. Heat pumps are no longer up to the job. The search is on for something to replace them.
2 One set of candidates are known as paraelectric materials. These act like batteries when they undergo a temperature change: attach electrodes to them and they generate a current. This effect is used in infra-red cameras. An array of tiny pieces of paraelectric material can sense the heat radiated by, for example, a person, and the pattern of the array's electrical outputs can then be used to construct an image. But until recently no one had bothered much with the inverse of this process. That inverse exists, however. Apply an appropriate current to a paraelectric material and it will cool down.
3 Someone who is looking at this inverse effect is Alex Mischenko, of Cambridge University. Using commercially available paraelectric film, he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded. That may be enough to change the phenomenon from a laboratory curiosity to something with commercial applications.
4 As to what those applications might be, Dr Mischenko is still a little hazy. He has, nevertheless, set up a company to pursue them. He foresees putting his discovery to use in more efficient domestic fridges and air conditioners. The real money, though, may be in cooling computers.
5 Gadgets containing microprocessors have been getting hotter for a long time. One consequence of Moore's Law, which describes the doubling of the number of transistors on a chip every 18 months, is that the amount of heat produced doubles as well. In fact, it more than doubles, because besides increasing in number, the components are getting faster. Heat is released every time a logical operation is performed inside a microprocessor, so the faster the processor is, the more heat it generates. Doubling the frequency quadruples the heat output. And the frequency has doubled a lot. The first Pentium chips sold by Dr Moore's company, Intel, in 1993, ran at 60m cycles a second. The Pentium 4--the last “single-core” desktop processor--clocked up 3.2 billion cycles a second.
6 Disposing of this heat is a big obstruction to further miniaturisation and higher speeds. The innards of a desktop computer commonly hit 80℃. At 85℃, they stop working. Tweaking the processor's heat sinks (copper or aluminium boxes designed to radiate heat away) has reached its limit. So has tweaking the fans that circulate air over those heat sinks. And the idea of shifting from single-core processors to systems that divided processing power between first two, and then four, subunits, in order to spread the thermal load, also seems to have the end of the road in sight.
7 One way out of this may be a second curious physical phenomenon, the thermoelectric effect. Like paraelectric materials, this generates electricity from a heat source and produces cooling from an electrical source. Unlike paraelectrics, a significant body of researchers is already working on it.
8 The trick to a good thermoelectric material is a crystal structure in which electrons can flow freely, but the path of phonons--heat-carrying vibrations that are larger than electrons--is constantly interrupted. In practice, this trick is hard to pull off, and thermoelectric materials are thus less efficient than paraelectric ones (or, at least, than those examined by Dr Mischenko). Nevertheless, Rama Venkatasubramanian, of Nextreme Thermal Solutions in North Carolina, claims to have made thermoelectric refrigerators that can sit on the back of computer chips and cool hotspots by 10℃. Ali Shakouri, of the University of California, Santa Cruz, says his are even smaller--so small that they can go inside the chip.
9 The last word in computer cooling, though, may go to a system even less techy than a heat pump--a miniature version of a car radiator. Last year Apple launched a personal computer that is cooled by liquid that is pumped through little channels in the processor, and thence to a radiator, where it gives up its heat to the atmosphere. To improve on this, IBM's research laboratory in Zurich is experimenting with tiny jets that stir the liquid up and thus make sure all of it eventually touches the outside of the channel--the part where the heat exchange takes place. In the future, therefore, a combination of microchannels and either thermoelectrics or paraelectrics might cool computers. The old, as it were, hand in hand with the new.
(830 words)
Questions 1-5
Complete each of the following statements with the scientist or company name from the box below.
Write the appropriate letters A-F in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.
A. Apple
B. IBM
C. Intel
D. Alex Mischenko
E. Ali Shakouri
F. Rama Venkatasubramanian
1. ...and his research group use paraelectric film available from the market to produce cooling.
2. ...sold microprocessors running at 60m cycles a second in 1993.
3. ...says that he has made refrigerators which can cool the hotspots of computer chips by 10℃.
4. ...claims to have made a refrigerator small enough to be built into a computer chip.
5. ...attempts to produce better cooling in personal computers by stirring up liquid with tiny jets to make sure maximum heat exchange.
Questions 6-9
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?
In boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet write
TRUE if the statement is true according to the passage
FALSE if the statement is false according to the passage
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
6. Paraelectric materials can generate a current when electrodes are attached to them.
7. Dr. Mischenko has successfully applied his laboratory discovery to manufacturing more efficient referigerators.
8. Doubling the frequency of logical operations inside a microprocessor doubles the heat output.
9. IBM will achieve better computer cooling by combining microchannels with paraelectrics.
Question 10
Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in box 10 on your answer sheet.
10. Which method of disposing heat in computers may have a bright prospect?
A. Tweaking the processors?heat sinks.
B. Tweaking the fans that circulate air over the processor抯 heat sinks.
C. Shifting from single-core processors to systems of subunits.
D. None of the above.
Questions 11-14
Complete the notes below.
Choose one suitable word from the Reading Passage above for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.
Traditional refrigerators use...11...pumps to drop temperature. At present, scientists are searching for other methods to produce refrigeration, especially in computer microprocessors....12...materials have been tried to generate temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded. ...13...effect has also been adopted by many researchers to cool hotspots in computers. A miniature version of a car ...14... may also be a system to realize ideal computer cooling in the future.
Key and Explanations:
1. D
See Paragraph 3: ...Alex Mischenko, of Cambridge University. Using commercially available paraelectric film, he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops...
2. C
See Paragraph 5: The first Pentium chips sold by Dr Moore's company, Intel, in 1993, ran at 60m cycles a second.
3. F
See Paragraph 8: ...Rama Venkatasubramanian, of Nextreme Thermal Solutions in North Carolina, claims to have made thermoelectric refrigerators that can sit on the back of computer chips and cool hotspots by 10℃.
4. E
See Paragraph 8: Ali Shakouri, of the University of California, Santa Cruz, says his are even smaller梥o small that they can go inside the chip.
5. B
See Paragraph 9: To improve on this, IBM's research laboratory in Zurich is experimenting with tiny jets that stir the liquid up and thus make sure all of it eventually touches the outside of the channel--the part where the heat exchange takes place.
6. TRUE
See Paragraph 2: ...paraelectric materials. These act like batteries when they undergo a temperature change: attach electrodes to them and they generate a current.
7. FALSE
See Paragraph 3 (That may be enough to change the phenomenon from a laboratory curiosity to something with commercial applications. ) and Paragraph 4 (As to what those applications might be, Dr Mischenko is still a little hazy. He has, nevertheless, set up a company to pursue them. He foresees putting his discovery to use in more efficient domestic fridges?
8. FALSE
See Paragraph 5: Heat is released every time a logical operation is performed inside a microprocessor, so the faster the processor is, the more heat it generates. Doubling the frequency quadruples the heat output.
9. NOT GIVEN
See Paragraph 9: In the future, therefore, a combination of microchannels and either thermoelectrics or paraelectrics might cool computers.
10. D
See Paragraph 6: Tweaking the processor's heat sinks ?has reached its limit. So has tweaking the fans that circulate air over those heat sinks. And the idea of shifting from single-core processors to systems?also seems to have the end of the road in sight.
11. heat
See Paragraph 1: Today's high-tech world, however, demands high-tech refrigeration. Heat pumps are no longer up to the job. The search is on for something to replace them.
12. paraelectric
See Paragraph 3: Using commercially available paraelectric film, he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded.
13. thermoelectric
See Paragraph 7: ...the thermoelectric effect. Like paraelectric materials, this generates electricity from a heat source and produces cooling from an electrical source. Unlike paraelectrics, a significant body of researchers is already working on it.
14. radiator
See Paragraph 9: The last word in computer cooling, though, may go to a system even less techy than a heat pump--a miniature version of a car radiator.
篇8：雅思阅读如何快速定位答案
雅思阅读 如何快速定位答案
特殊词
从原文中找“特殊词”
什么样的词是“特殊词”呢?特殊词，顾名思义，就是样子特殊、很容易在原文中找到的词。比如：时间，地点，人名，书名，杂志名，专有名词，斜体字，引号引出的词， A-B类型的词。这些词要么是数字(阿拉伯数字或是用英语单词表述的数字，需要注意形式)，要么是首字母大写的词，在原文中很容易被快速找到。
定位词
从题干中找“定位词”
然而，不是所有的题目中都包含这样的“特殊词”的，在雅思阅读中更多的题目是不包含“特殊词”的题目，这无疑增加了定位的难度。但是如果我们能通过读题迅速判断出决定题目所在的这句话不同于文中其他句子的相对独特的词，再在原文中找到这些相对独特的词，我们就可以准确的找到原文的位置了。我们来看几个例子，横线划出的是定位词：
Endangered languages cannot be saved unless people learn to speak more than one language
Savinglanguagesfrom extinction is notinitself a satisfactorygoal.
The way we think may be determined by our language.
Youngpeople often rejectthe established way of lifein their community.
A change of languagemay mean a loss of traditional culture.
题目定位
通过题目的前后顺序帮助定位
我们都知道五种小题型、判断题、选择题、总结题的顺序性都是极强的，那么在定位的时候我们可以通过前后的题目来帮助定位，就进一步加快了我们定位的速度。
雅思阅读效率需要怎样提升
虽然雅思阅读有难度，但是同学们也不能因此而对自己失去信心，雅思阅读学习需要恰当的方法，其中多多积累一些雅思阅读核心词汇很重要，下面小编就来给大家介绍一下雅思阅读在考试前要怎样备考，希望能给大家带来帮助。
其实，一个月的备考时间要想从根本上提高考生的雅思阅读能力显然不是很现实，那假如我们的备考时间只剩下了一个月，考生又该如何利用这一个月的时间呢?
1、合理安排复习时间
雅思考前一个月的复习时间基本上可以分成三个阶段，前三个星期，考前一个星期以及考前一到两天。这是一个循序渐进、查漏补缺的过程，也是一个冲刺的过程。这个月的阅读复习并不是要大量的做题，而是从另一个角度去阅读文章，去体会出题思路，然后再从词汇量上有一定的提高。小编还是要提醒大家注意总结雅思阅读核心词汇，对于雅思阅读学习很有帮助。
所以前三个星期每天只需要练习一篇文章就可以，只是练习的方式和平常要有所区别。在做这一篇文章的时候必须要规定时间，也就是二十分钟完成一篇练习，做完对完答案不可以就放一边，而要好好分析，精读一下。精读的概念就是把文章从头到尾每句话、每个词的意思都能搞清楚，尤其是和题目对应的文章部分。精读完后就要仔细看下做错的题目，总结一下是什么原因导致做错，是单词看不懂，还是句子看不懂，还是说思维方式上有点差距或者某个题型做题方法上还有待改进。这样做一篇练习然后再精读分析，一定要花一到两个小时，阅读练习的量这一天也够了。只是要每天坚持，都要花一到两个小时去看阅读，培养一种感觉，这样积累一个月会把自己的状态调整到最佳的。
考前一个星期可以找时间做一次或两次阅读模拟，也就是一个小时内完成三篇阅读文章。这种自测的作用就是能体会到考试时时间紧迫的感觉，了解到自己时间把握上的薄弱点，在最后的心态上进行调整。当然做完练习后的主动分析也是必不可少的。
考前2天基本上是属于最后冲刺阶段，但是对于阅读来说，平时的功夫更重要，考前1-2天再多做题也不会在阅读能力上有所提高。所以建议大家考前1-2 天可以把以前做过的题目拿出来看，尤其是做错的题目，然后把一些常见的词汇整理一下，把前3个星期自己分析过的内容再看一下。如果上过培训班的同学可以把老师讲过的内容尤其是做题方法再温习一下，然后保持一种稳定的心态去面对考试。
2、找好复习材料
市面上的雅思考试复习材料层出不穷，但是对于阅读准备来说最好的材料还是剑桥系列。在考前练习的材料选择还是以剑四到剑六为主。在前三个星期的“每天一练”就可以选择剑桥系列的文章。剑四到剑六一共有12套题目36篇文章，肯定是够用的。有些同学也许之前已经做过，但是隔了一段时间去做剑桥系列的阅读还是不一定能做好，所以不用担心以前已经做过的问题。同时除了A类的阅读文章之外，G类的section3那篇文章的长度和题型和A类是差不多的，也可以拿G类section3这篇文章进行练习。
如何提高雅思阅读效率
1. 概括地观察(Survey)
首先略读每章或每页的大概内容，例如：可从书本的序言和目录开始，通常作者会在序言中交代叙述的重点及动机，而目录则可帮助你了解课本的组织架构及章节层次;阅读课文的名称 title，主题 main headings 及副题 sub-headings;注意每一主题的头一句，导言 introduction 和本章提要 summary(如果有的话)，图片说明 captions to all graphics 等，这样，你不用十五分钟便对内容有概略的了解。
2. 提出一个全面的问题(Write a general question)
观察课文内容后，提出一个包含所有阅读资料的问题，把问题写在每章节的开首，令自己可以看到此问题时，便忆起全部内容。
3. 提出各别问题来引导阅读(Write questions to guide your reading)
当你看到主题、副题、图片及首句时，由此而提出有关问题，写在题目或图片旁边，帮助你阅读文章内容。
4.寻求问题的答案(Read to answer the questions)
阅读章节时，尽量跟随你的问题来找答案，把握课文重点。
5.在答案下划线(Underline words that answer the question)
在了解一段内容后，找出解答问题的重要字key words及短语phrases，并划记下来。在划记时可选用其他颜色的笔，既方便又快捷。
6. 修正问题(Revise the questions)
如果在阅读时，发现问题并未得到解答或不明确，可重新写下问题，并将有关答案的字词划记。再重读文章，遇到不明白的地方，再请教导师或同学。
7. 举一反三(Use examples)
当你理解全文时，便可将知识整理起来，同时，学习类推的方法，将知识应用于其他类似事情或日常生活上，利用连带关系，才能把文章内容融会贯通，大大提高你的阅读兴趣和能力。例如：当银行利率提高时，会使银行的存款利息增加，而你可能会联想到投资受影响，或是你会类推更多其他事项。
的如果学有余力的同学可以去看下国外的网站或者材料，例如BBC的中文网站等。但基本上是以剑桥系列的为主，因为更具有针对性，而且对雅思考试的出题思路能有个更好的理解。
3、机经的使用
有很多同学会问阅读机经在准备考试的时候有没有用，从实际意义上来说，雅思阅读机经的作用并不是很大。因为阅读只能回忆出大致内容和题型，具体的文章和题目是很难回忆出来的。所以建议考生可以利用机经看看最近常考的题型是什么，题材是什么，然后去网上看看相关题材的内容，但是背机经就一点用处都没有了。所以最后一个月的复习重点我们还是放在文章分析和题目总结上，不要盲目去看所谓的机经。
雅思阅读的做题顺序解析
虽然雅思阅读在整个考试中有一定的难度，但是大家也不能因此而失去信心，可以参加一些雅思阅读培训，了解一下都有哪些雅思阅读题型，下面小编就来给大家介绍一下雅思阅读的做题顺序是什么，希望能给大家带来帮助。
雅思阅读词汇量大，长难句多，时间有限，为很多同学所惧怕。其实阅读是最简单的，只需要花时间把答案找到。如何在有限的时间内，获得更多的分数?
具体方法如下：
一、首先决定要以什么样的顺序做题。真正的雅思考试并不是想象中的由易到难，很有可能一开始的文章就很难。设想，如果用30分钟先解决一道难题，再用剩下的30分钟去完成两道简单的题目，效果注定不好!试举剑桥4中TEST 2 为例，三篇文章分别“lost for words”, “alternative medicine in Australia”, “play is a serious business”.乍一看第三篇文章题目是最简单的，实际上它反而是最难的。
二、题型决定做题顺序，而不是题目。“lost for words”题型分别是：summary, 人名理论matching, yes/no/not given. “alternative medicine in Australia”题型分别是：multiple choices, yes/no/not given, 填空题. “play is a serious business”题型分别是：信息段落配对，多选多，人名理论配对。初步分析题型后还可以细化，理清做题思路。第一篇文章难度适中，summary 属主旨类型题建议先做，同时可以把人名全部找到以节省时间。matching题中出现五对五配对还有NB。第二篇文章题目虽难但是引言部分交待很清楚，属简单的题目。填空题实属数字游戏，整篇文章完全按顺序出题。第三篇文章难度系数较大，信息段落配对难把握，之后的人名理论配对干扰选项过多，从一开始相当于八选一。这样分析下来，我们的做题顺序应该是“Passage 2/1/3”。小编还是要提醒大家注意总结雅思阅读题型，参加一些必要的雅思阅读培训，已达到快速提高阅读成绩。
三、掌握技巧，灵活运用。题型没有绝对的难易之分，对其他考生难也许对你反而容易，要结合自己的实际情况。可以先做送分题“表格填空，图形题，完成句子”。在五大主流题型中，配对题比较费时，其中信息和段落配对最花时间，建议放在最后。而作为主旨的heading 和summary 可考虑先做，因为完成主旨题型后文章大致的内容和结构都可以掌握，对于细节题的定位会方便很多。
雅思考试像是一场战斗，应该灵活运用作战的策略和方法，后期更需要成套的阅读训练。如果能够运用这些提高效率节省时间的方法，有助于学生信心的塑造和雅思分数的提高。
雅思阅读文章结构特点分析
大多数雅思真题文章的结构是人们常说的“到金字塔”形式。这是指在一篇文章中，最重要的信息都放在开头部分，尤其是开头的前三段。也就是说，一篇文章的主题(主题句)都出现在前三段。一般我们把这样的段落称为导语段。文章一般把新闻所涉及的人物、时间、地点、过程和结果都交待出来。读者读完了导语段，也就知道了新闻的关键信息。
接下来就是逐步向读者交待事件发生的起因、过程、影响等信息。这是文章的主要部分，但是各种信息并不是平铺直叙的，而是按照它们的重要性先后出现的。与事件直接相关的信息被认为是最重要的，因此位置靠前，然后才是次要的信息。
在这一部分，文章还可以交待消息的来源，并且时常引用记者在采访中得到的有关人士的话，以证明消息的可靠。新闻还可以补充说明一些背景材料，有时不惜重复一些内容。
文章的结构有时显得松散，段落之间的逻辑关系不紧密，这是因为需要交待的信息没有一定的关联模式，只是发生的一些实事的铺陈。
新闻一般不要求结尾，尤其是总结性的结尾段。在交待完事件的全过程后，作者通常加上一两段与该消息有点关系、但是不是很重要的信息，作为新闻的结尾。
请大家参考下面的例文，体会上述结构特点。
Student Face Bleak Job Market in Japan
(introduction &main idea)
TOKYO—More than 12,000 college students in Japan, who graduate next spring, packed into the giant Tokyo Dome sports stadium Monday with the anxious hope of landing jobs.
(more facts)
Hundreds lined up before dawn, some having traveled from distant cities for a huge job-counseling program organized by the ministry of Labor.
(background)
September brings the formal start of Japan's annual job-recruitment season. But after nearly five years of recession and “job shock”, those entering the work force face the most forbidding season in years, and many have settled for jobs they would have once dismissed.
(quotes)
“I am looking for a job as receptionist, a sales clerk—it doesn't matter,” said Takako Nakahara, who flew more than 500 miles from her two years college in southern Japan for Monday's program.
(more detail)
High school and college graduates—especially women—have borne the brunt of Japan's economic pain. Thanks in large part to the lifetime employment practices of most Japanese companies, the nation's official unemployment rate is only 3.2 percent—a level Americans would consider a victory over joblessness.
篇9：雅思阅读考点词
雅思判断题的考点大致可以分为四类：
第一类：比较考点。
也就是考查单个事物或者多个事物就某一方面特性的比较。
通常来说特征词有如下一些：横向比较：better similar another the other relative most;纵向比较：future next second latter。对于这类考点，考点词就是比较部分的关键词。例如：10-1-3 39.It is easier for smaller companies to be innovative.
很显然，按照我们刚才定位词的原则来看，smaller companies应该是这句话实际的主语，因此我们可以用它来做定位词。至于考点词，因为此句刚好是比较考点，因此考点词就是easier。
第二类：数字考点。
顾名思义，只要是题干出现的数字、百分比、年份、时间区间等等，我们都可以称之为数字考点。
数字考点考察的内容，通常来说就两类，第一，数字的准确性;第二，百分比后的主题，或者说范围的准确性。例如：
10-1-2 25. The Gothenburg European Council was set up 30 years ago.
定位词：Gothenburg European Council
考点词：30 years ago
第三类：绝.对考点。
标志词：any never always impossible immediately most every none all fully correctly absolutely等。
只要出现了绝.对的副词、形容词，那么我们的关注重点就应该是此类词语在原文原句中有没有相应的表达。
仍然以10-1-1 Examples of ancient stepwells can be found all over the world.
刚才我们已经判断出定位词是ancient stepwells, 而考点词现在来看就非常清楚了，就是all。
第四类：是非考点。
此类考点多半是陈述句，没有比较级的词语，没有数字，也没有绝.对的形容词或者副词。这类考点反而是雅思考试中占比重比较大的一类考点。因为变化或者考察的点比较分散，所以在这里不展开来讲。通常来说，是非考点的陈述句谓语部分是考点。
例如，10-2-3 37. The approach of art historians conflicts with that of art museums.
记住：主语是定位词，谓语是考点词。这样的话：art historians 就是定位词，而conflict 就是考点词了。 如果文章说到冲突就对，说到一致就是错。
雅思阅读材料大集合：美国人整形为了自拍?
Plastic surgeons say they're seeing more patients who want facial surgery, and they attribute the rise to social media and the growing “selfie” trend.
据CNET报道，整形外科医务人员表示现在越来越多的病人想要进行面部整形，他们认为之所以会出现这种现象，是因为受到当下社交媒体和愈演愈烈的全民自拍风潮的影响。
In response to a survey conducted by the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, one in three plastic surgeons reported seeing an increase in requests for facial procedures by patients who wanted to look better online. The doctors reported that between 2012 and 2013, they saw a 10 percent rise in nose jobs, a 7 percent rise in hair transplants, and a 6 percent rise in eyelid surgery.
据美国科学院外科整形和再造外科学会发表的报道：接受采访的整形外科医院中，有三分之一的整形医师认为，越来越多的人想要进行整形手术，因为这些人都想在网络上看起来更美丽更英俊。医生表示，2012至2013年间，隆鼻顾客多出10%，头发移植多出7%，双眼皮手术多出6%。
“Social platforms like Instagram, Snapchat, and the iPhone app Selfie.im, which are solely image based, force patients to hold a microscope up to their own image and often look at it with a more self-critical eye than ever before,” Dr. Edward Farrior, president of the academy, said in a news release. “These images are often the first impressions young people put out there to prospective friends, romantic interests, and employers, and our patients want to put their best face forward.”
“Instagram, Snapchat，还有iPhone应用Selfie.im等社交平台，均为图片社交，人们被迫仔细端摩自己的照片，用前所未有的自我批判视角对自己进行审视，”该学会主席爱德华?法里奥博士说道。“年轻人在网络上发布这些照片是为了结识新朋友，寻找艳遇，同事也能看到，所以前来整容的顾客都希望自己可以更上相。”
In part because of social media, surgeons reported that plastic-surgery patients are getting younger.
据报道，整形外科手术顾客呈低龄化趋势，而这或多或少和社交媒体都有些关系。
The annual poll queries a select group of the organization's 2,700 members to get a sense of the latest trends in facial plastic surgery. This year, 58 percent of the doctors surveyed said they saw an increase in patients under 30 coming in for plastic surgery and injections in the last year.
这项年度调查询问了这个学会的2700名成员，询问他们对于近来面部整容手术风潮的相关看法。今年有58%的医生表示，去年一年，越来越多的三十岁以下年轻女性前来接受面部整形手术和面部注射整容。
The study found that bullying is also a factor in young people deciding to get surgery, “but most surgeons surveyed report children and teens are undergoing plastic surgery as a result of being bullied (69 percent) rather than to prevent being bullied (31 percent).”
研究发现，受到欺侮也是年轻人决定整容的一个原因，“医患调查结果表明：青少年儿童整容病例中，69%是受到欺凌的结果，预防欺凌占31%。”
Women are still plastic surgery's primary customers, accounting for 81 percent of all procedures and injections, but men are increasingly becoming more interested in plastic surgery. Whereas women more often ask for facelifts and eye lifts, men are more interested in keeping their hair and combating wrinkles.
当今，女性仍为整容手术的主要消费群体，在所有疗程、注射等整容项目中占有81%，但男性对整容也越发感兴趣了。女性整容项目通常为拉皮，割双眼皮，而男性整容项目通常是生发和抗皱。
Meanwhile, in the under-35 category, the nose job remained the most popular elective surgical procedure for both genders, accounting for 90 percent of procedures in women and 86 percent in men.
与此同时，35岁以下的整容者不论男女都很中意美鼻，此项目占女性整容病例的90%，男性整容病例的86%。
Have your selfies ever made you feel self-conscious about the way you look?
你的自拍照是否曾经也让你对自己的容貌有所思考呢?
雅思阅读材料大集合：EQ高也是一把双刃剑
如同其他能力一样，情商也是一把双刃剑，既能作为成功的垫脚石，又能成为危害他人和社会的利器。下面就和我们一同来揭开高情商的阴暗面。
Emotional intelligence, or EQ, is the ability to read and understand emotions in ourselves and others. It is said that emotional intelligence accounts for 80 percent of one’s success.
情商也称EQ，是一种读懂自身和他人情绪的能力。据说一个人的成功80%取决于情商的高低。
That’s almost certainly an exaggeration. But ever since the 1995 publication of US psychologist and science writer Daniel Goleman’s best-seller, Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ, EQ has been seen by leaders and educators as the solution to many social problems. In some Western countries such as the US, emotional intelligence is now taught widely in secondary, business and medical schools.
这一说法虽然略显夸张。但是自从1995年美国心理学家兼科学作家丹尼尔?戈尔曼的畅销书《情商:它为什么比智商更重要》出版以来，很多领导者和教育家都将情商视为解决诸多社会问题的关键。如今，在美国等西方国家，在中学、商学院和医学院中情商教学随处可见。
Anti-social behavior
反社会行为
EQ is important. But our enthusiasm for it has obscured a dark side, says a recent article in The Atlantic.
美国《大西洋月刊》近日刊登文章称，情商固然重要，但是人们的趋之若鹜却掩盖了它的黑暗面。
Weapon of mass emotion
操纵大众情绪的武器
Recent research and studies show that as people improve their emotional skills, they become better at manipulating others. When someone knows what others are feeling, they can tug at their heartstrings and motivate them to act against their own best interests.
最新研究表明，随着人们情商能力的提高，他们会更擅长操纵他人。当一个人能了解别人的感受时，他就可以撩动他们的心弦，促使他们做出违背自身最大利益的行为。
Does this remind you of those “managers” at pyramid scheme companies? Hundreds of thousands of otherwise cautious and rational people have been brainwashed by their impassioned speeches and become bankrupt as a result.
这是否会令你联想到那些非法传销公司的“经理”们?无数处事理智而谨慎的人被他们激情澎湃的演讲洗脑，最后却落得个倾家荡产的下场。
Social scientists have begun to document this dark side of emotional intelligence. A study by the University of Cambridge found that when a leader gave an inspiring speech filled with emotion, the audience was less likely to scrutinize the message and remembered less of the content.
社会科学家已经开始研究情商的黑暗面。剑桥大学一项研究发现，当一名领导人充满激情地演讲时，听众不会太注意其传达的信息，并且记住的内容也很少。
Researchers call this the “awestruck effect”, but it may just as easily be described as the dumbstruck effect, says The Atlantic article. Leaders who master emotions can rob us of our capacity to reason. If they have self-serving motives, or their values are out of step with our own, emotional intelligence becomes a weapon of manipulation and the results can be devastating.
据《大西洋月刊》报道，研咳嗽苯涑莆熬次沸вΑ保埠苋菀妆幻枋龀伞熬判вΑ薄I朴谡瓶厍樾鞯牧斓颊呋崛梦颐巧ナП姹鹗欠堑哪芰Α5彼遣彼嚼亩蛘咚堑募壑倒塾胛颐堑牟缓吓氖保樯叹突岜涑刹倏厮饲樾鞯奈淦鳎浜蠊豢吧柘搿
Hidden agenda
隐藏的动机
This is consistent with another recent study from Kyoto University. According to The Huffington Post, the study shows that “people with high interpersonal EQ influence others’ emotions based on their own goals”.
该观点与日本京都大学的一项研究成果不谋而合。据《赫芬顿邮报》报道，该研究表明：“高情商者会根据自己的目标去干扰他人情绪”。
A research team led by University College London professor Martin Kilduff shed more light on this dark side of emotional intelligence. According to them, emotional intelligence helps people disguise one set of emotions while expressing another for personal gain. Emotionally intelligent people “intentionally shape their emotions to fabricate favorable impressions of themselves”, Kilduff’s team writes in the journal Research in Organizational Behavior. “The strategic disguise of one’s own emotions and the manipulation of others’ emotions for strategic ends are behaviors evident not only on Shakespeare’s stage but also in the offices and corridors where power and influence are traded.”
伦敦大学学院的马丁?吉尔达夫教授带领一支研究小组揭开了情商的黑暗面。该小组称，人们为了谋取私利，会掩饰情绪，当面一套背后一套。情商高的人“会故意给人留下对自己有利的印象”。吉尔达夫率领的研究小组在《组织行为研究》期刊中写道：“采取策略来伪装个人情绪，同时为了达到战略目的而操控他人情绪，这些行为不仅出现在莎翁的戏剧中，在交易权力和影响力的场所也十分常见。”
It seems that to better understand the dark side of EQ, we need look no further than Shakespeare’s Macbeth or its modern adaption on TV: House of Cards.
看来，要想更好地了解情商的黑暗面，我们只需看看莎翁名著《麦克白》或者它的现代电视剧版——《纸牌屋》就够了
雅思阅读材料大集合：小睡一个小时的作用有多大?
The average Briton gets six-and-a-half hours' sleep a night, according to the Sleep Council. Michael Mosley took part in an unusual experiment to see if this is enough.
It has been known for some time that the amount of sleep people get has, on average, declined over the years.
This has happened for a whole range of reasons, not least because we live in a culture where people are encouraged to think of sleep as a luxury - something you can easily cut back on. After all, that's what caffeine is for - to jolt you back into life. But while the average amount of sleep we are getting has fallen, rates of obesity and diabetes have soared. Could the two be connected?
We wanted to see what the effect would be of increasing average sleep by just one hour. So we asked seven volunteers, who normally sleep anywhere between six and nine hours, to be studied at the University of Surrey's Sleep Research Centre.
The volunteers were randomly allocated to two groups. One group was asked to sleep for six-and-a-half hours a night, the other got seven-and-a-half hours. After a week the researchers took blood tests and the volunteers were asked to switch sleep patterns. The group that had been sleeping six-and-a-half hours got an extra hour, the other group slept an hour less.
While we were waiting to see what effect this would have, I went to the John Radcliffe hospital in Oxford to learn more about what actually happens when we sleep.
In the Sleep Centre, they fitted me up with a portable electro-encephalograph, a device that measures brain wave activity. Then, feeling slightly ridiculous, I went home and had my seven-and-a-half hours of sleep.
The following day I went to discuss what had happened inside my head during the night with Dr Katharina Wulff.
The first thing she pointed out was that I had very rapidly fallen into a state of deep sleep. Deep sleep sounds restful, but during it our brains are actually working hard. One of the main things the brain is doing is moving memories from short-term storage into long-term storage, allowing us more short-term memory space for the next day. If you don't get adequate deep sleep then these memories will be lost.
You might think: “I'll cut back during the week and then make up for it at the weekend.” Unfortunately it doesn't work like that, because memories need to be consolidated within 24 hours of being formed.
Since deep sleep is so important for consolidating memories it is a good idea if you are revising or perhaps taking an exam to make sure that you're getting a reasonable night's sleep. In one study, people who failed to do so did 40% worse than their contemporaries.
Deep sleep only lasts for a few hours. My electrode results showed that during the night my brain went through multiple phases of another kind of activity, called REM sleep.
“This is the phase when you are usually paralysed - so you can't move,” Wulff explained. But the eye muscles are not paralysed, and that's why it's called rapid eye movement sleep.“
During REM sleep an extraordinary thing happens. One of the stress-related chemicals in the brain, noradrenalin, is switched off. It's the only time, day or night, this happens. It allows us to remain calm while our brains reprocess all the experiences of the day, helping us come to terms with particularly emotional events.
We get more REM sleep in the last half of the night. Which means that if you are woken unexpectedly, your brain may not have dealt with all your emotions - which could leave you stressed and anxious. Drinking alcohol late at night is not a good idea as it reduces your REM sleep while it's being processed in your body.
Back at the University of Surrey our sleep volunteers had finished their second week of the experiment. What we wanted to see was the effect switching from six-and-a-half hours to seven-and-a-half hours, or vice versa, would have on our volunteers.
Computer tests revealed that most of them struggled with mental agility tasks when they had less sleep, but the most interesting results came from the blood tests that were run.
Dr Simon Archer and his team at Surrey University were particularly interested in looking at the genes that were switched on or off in our volunteers by changes in the amount that we had made them sleep.
”We found that overall there were around 500 genes that were affected,“ Archer explained. ”Some which were going up, and some which were going down.“
What they discovered is that when the volunteers cut back from seven-and-a-half to six-and-a-half hours' sleep a night, genes that are associated with processes like inflammation, immune response and response to stress became more active. The team also saw increases in the activity of genes associated with diabetes and risk of cancer. The reverse happened when the volunteers added an hour of sleep.
So the clear message from this experiment was that if you are getting less than seven hours' sleep a night and can alter your sleep habits, even just a little bit, it could make you healthier. ”Have a lie-in, it will do you good" - that's the kind of health message that doesn't come along very often.
据英国睡眠委员会(Sleep Council)调查显示，英国人平均每天只睡6.5小时。为了验证这样的睡眠是否足够，迈克尔·莫斯利医生(Michael Mosley)参加了一项不寻常的实验。
近些年来，人们已经认识到了这样的事实：我们的平均睡眠时间正在逐渐减少。
这一现象的原因是多方面的，其中之一便是我们所处的文化让我们觉得睡觉是件奢侈的事情，可以轻而易举地缩减。毕竟，咖啡因的功能就在这儿了：把你唤回清醒的状态。然而，随着睡眠量的不断下降，肥胖和糖尿病的发病率却在大幅升高——二者之间会不会有一定关系呢?
我们想看看把平均睡眠时间增加一小时会有什么效果，于是邀请了7位志愿者参加我们的实验。这7个人平日的睡眠在6—9个小时之间。实验由萨里大学(University of Surrey)的睡眠研究中心负责主持。
我们将志愿者随机分为两组，一组每晚睡6.5小时，另一组睡7.5小时。一周之后研究者对两组人的血液进行检测，并调换两组的睡眠量，原来睡6.5小时的一组多睡一小时，另一组则少睡一小时。
就在我们等待实验结果的过程中，我来到位于牛津的约翰·拉德克里夫医院(John Radcliffe hospital)，看看我们睡觉时究竟发生了什么。
在该院的睡眠中心里，工作人员为我戴上一台便携式脑电图仪。就这样，我戴着仪器半觉好笑地回到家，睡了7.5个小时。
第二天，我来到医院，向卡塔琳娜·伍尔夫医生询问了我的情况。
首先，她指出我很快就进入了深睡眠。虽然听上去挺安详，大脑在深睡眠时其实在积极地工作，其中一件重要的事情便是将短期记忆转存到长期记忆中，从而为第二天的短期记忆腾出空间。如果睡得不够，一些短期记忆便会丢失。
你也许会想：“我在工作日里缩减睡眠，到周末再补上不就行了吗?” 遗憾的是，大脑的运行机制并非如此，因为记忆需要在最初形成的24小时内得到强化。
由于深睡眠对于强化记忆十分重要，复习和考试前睡够觉就很有必要。在一项研究中，那些在复习和考试前没能睡够觉的学生比同龄人表现差了40%。
深睡眠只能持续几个小时。我的脑电图显示，大脑在夜里经历了几个称为快速动眼睡眠(REM)的阶段。
“人处于这一阶段时通常是麻痹的，所以动不了。”伍尔夫解释道。但由于这时的眼部肌肉并未麻痹，因此这一阶段的睡眠称作“快速动眼睡眠”。
快速动眼睡眠时，我们的体内会发生一种奇特的变化：脑内的去甲肾上腺素(一种与压力有关的化学物质)会大量消失，使得我们能够在平静中对白天的经历进行再加工，从而更好地应对某些事件对我们造成的情绪影响。然而，无论黑夜还是白天，去甲肾上腺素只有在快速动眼睡眠中才能大量消失。
由于快速动眼睡眠更多地分布于后半夜，如果你在夜里突然醒来，大脑这时很有可能还没完全处理掉你的情绪，从而导致压力感和焦虑的产生。深夜饮酒可不是什么好事情，因为代谢酒精会缩短快速动眼睡眠的时间。
两周后，我们的睡眠志愿者们结束了实验。我们想看看，人在少睡一小时和多睡一小时时会有哪些变化。
计算机测试结果表明，少睡一个小时时，多数人在完成思维敏捷性的任务时显得力不从心。不过更有趣的还是血液的检测结果。
萨里大学的西蒙·阿彻博士和他的团队发现，睡眠时间的变化会影响基因的活跃程度。
“我们发现一共约有500个基因受到影响。”阿彻说。“有些变得更加活跃，有些则相反。”
他们发现，当志愿者的睡眠从7.5小时减少到6.5小时时，体内与炎症、免疫和应对压力相关的基因变得更加活跃，与糖尿病和癌症相关的基因也是如此。而当受试者的睡眠时间增加后，这些基因的活跃程度便减弱了。
因此，实验清楚地表明，对于那些睡不够7个小时的人而言，如果他们能够改变睡眠习惯，哪怕只是做出一点点改变，他们的身体都会变得更健康。“多睡会吧，对你有好处。”遗憾的是，这样的建议我们听到的太少了。
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