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关于定位词的雅思A类阅读出题思路

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关于定位词的雅思A类阅读出题思路

篇1：关于定位词的雅思A类阅读出题思路

关于定位词的雅思A类阅读出题思路

首先，我们来看一下剑桥6P91的Q17。

As a result, factors such as 17_______ and attitudes to children have been eliminated ...

文中出现了我们非常熟悉的and结构，找到attitudes基本上距离答案就不远了。另外，并列结构 such as 前的factors,以及部分考鸭不太熟悉的eliminated,也具有提示作用。回到原文定位。

Now a long-term study carried out in Nicaragua has eliminated these factors by showing that teaching reading to poor adult women, who would other wise have remained illiterate, has a direct effect on their children's health and survival.

我们找到了factors和eliminated，但既没有找到and结构，也没找到attitudes。不少考生会习惯性继续向下寻找，进而距离答案越来越远。这里，我们忽视掉了非常重要的一个代词these。它用来指代前面的结构，也暗示前面出现了我们需要的factors。我们只需向前看一句，便轻松得到了答案。

Most literate women learnt to read in primary school, and the fact that a woman has had aneducation may simply indicate her family's wealth or that it values its children more highly.

我们会发现两个并列结构 and和or, 而题目中and 后跟的‘attitudes to children ’与这句话中‘it values its children more highly ’做了同义转述，所以答案应为or前方的 family’s wealth，选项J即为答案。这里attitude 的同义转述无形中增加了难度，即使大家先于定位句看到这句话也不容易得到答案。但是，有了these的提示，并谨记‘代词向前看’这一原则，相信答案就会乖乖地到碗里来。

同样的案例也出现在了剑桥8的P29，请大家自行完成。

Positive results could be produced by factors such as 34 ………… or 35 ………….

原文: Just because chance had been ruled out as an explanation did not prove telepathy must exist; there were many other ways of getting positive results. These ranged from 'sensory leakage' - where clues about the pictures accidentally reach the receiver - to outright fraud. In response, the researchers issued a review of all the Garfield studies done up to 1985 to show that 80 per cent had found statistically significant evidence. However, they also agreed that there were still too many problems in the experiments which could lead to positive results, and they drew up a list demanding new standards for future research.

我们发现，上面的案例还仅仅局限于两句之间的代词指代作用，但如果大家的认识仅仅局限于此，就太小看代词these了。下面咱们再看一个例子，这个题目是来自剑桥9P21的Q14，为文章的B段选标题。

原文:

In discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scientists adopt two ground rules. First, UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects) are generally ignored since most scientists don’t consider the evidence for them to be strong enough to bear serious consideration although it is also important to keep an open mind in case any really convincing evidence emerges in the future. Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us, since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognize it as a life form, quite apart from whether we are able to communicate with it. In other words, the life form we are looking for may well have two green heads and seven fingers, but it will nevertheless resemble us in that it should communicate with its fellows, be interested in the Universe, live on a planet orbiting a star like our Sun, and perhaps most restrictively, have a chemistry, like us, based on carbon and water.

我已经非常善良地为大家划出了体现此段结构的关键提示，但当你看到选项‘iv. Assumptions underlying the search for extra terrestrial intelligence ’时，不知是否有绝对把握选择它。在非常短的时间内选出这个答案还是需要实力的，而且不少考生即使选中此选项也不是特别确定，心理上的波动对下面的题目也会有一定影响。但是当我们看到C段首句‘Even when we make these assumptions, our understanding of other life forms is still severely limited.’时，我们会非常自信地选出答案iv。这里，these assumptions 对上一段信息做了概括，可见these的强大。同样的案例在剑桥7P70的Q14也有所体现，只不过将B段首句中的techniques替换为了iv.选项中的methods罢了。

实际上，在代词家族中this、that、they、those等都有类似用法，有心的考鸭可以在平时的学习中做个有心人，留意观察，并谨记‘代词向前看’的原则，相信这些起到指代作用的代词会在大家夺取雅思阅读高分的路上助大家一臂之力。另外，在雅思写作中合理使用代词起到暗连接作用也是备受考官亲睐的,大家不妨试一下。

雅思双语阅读：爱情不是婚姻唯一保鲜秘诀

A photo of Kim Hee Sun and his husband. Australian researchers have identified what it takes to keep a couple together, and it's a lot more than just being in love.

Living happily ever after needn't only be for fairy tales. Australian researchers have identified what it takes to keep a couple together, and it's a lot more than just being in love.

A couple's age, previous relationships and even whether they smoke or not are factors that influence whether their marriage is going to last, according to a study by researchers from the Australian National University.

The study, entitled “What's Love Got to Do With It”, tracked nearly 2,500 couples - married or living together - from to to identify factors associated with those who remained together compared with those who divorced or separated.

It found that a husband who is nine or more years older than his wife is twice as likely to get divorced, as are husbands who get married before they turn 25.

Children also influence the longevity of a marriage or relationship, with one-fifth of couples who have kids before marriage - either from a previous relationship or in the same relationship - having separated compared to just nine percent of couples without children born before marriage.

Women who want children much more than their partners are also more likely to get a divorce.

A couple's parents also have a role to play in their own relationship, with the study showing some 16 percent of men and women whose parents ever separated or divorced experienced marital separation themselves compared to 10 percent for those whose parents did not separate.

Also, partners who are on their second or third marriage are 90 percent more likely to separate than spouses who are both in their first marriage.

Not surprisingly, money also plays a role, with up to 16 percent of respondents who indicated they were poor or where the husband - not the wife - was unemployed saying they had separated, compared with only nine percent of couples with healthy finances.

雅思阅读漫话文章结构：人文社科类

书籍、电影、戏剧这些艺术作品往往是扎根在生活，然后通过一定的艺术手段来升华，然后达到教化民众，提升素质的目的。雅思考试作为一种专业的语言测试系统，它所用到的人文社科类文章也同样是“源于生活高于生活”的。考生在考试过程中会遇见自己所熟悉的一些社会现象、事迹或者自己不熟悉的某些试验、研究。但是，雅思考试的阅读文章不会止于对于这些现象或者试验的简单叙述。以下，专家就社会现象类及实验研究类这两类文章的常见文章结构作简单的分析。

社会现象类的文章，一般在对于这些现象加以描述之后，往往紧接着章还会对这些现象做一定程度的背景或原因分析，然后是这些现象造成的后果及人们的应对措施，当然往往有些文章最后还少不了对于这种现象的未来展望。

试验研究类的文章，开始会介绍这个实验的一些基本情况，如试验主体、试验对象等等，之后往往会介绍试验的具体操作过程，然后是实验的结果，及最终的数据结论。当然也会出现这样的情况，即试验过程中有很多不同的学者通过不同的途径来作试验研究，也得出了一些结论，往往这些结论是各不相同甚至矛盾的，引发很多争议。这样的文章出现，往往会伴随着人物观点题。

以下选取了剑桥5，Test 3的第一篇Early Childhood Education 这一篇典型的实验研究类文章给考生分析一下行文结构：通过对于文章各段的大致浏览，考生可以了解到文章主要是讲述了Headstart 及 Missouri 两个实验。开始描述了实验的目的及实验主体;紧接着介绍了两个实验的具体进程;之后是实验的结果及相关的结论。

在了解了文章的大致行文结构之后，对于考生的解题也是有相当的帮助的。特别是考生比较头疼的“段落信息包含题”，即文章1-4的Which paragraph contains the following information? 拿其中的第4题举个例子，‘a description of the positive outcomes of an education programme’, 题目当中既然出现了‘outcomes’这样的词，那么根据正常行文的结构，一定是出现在文章的最后部分的。

剑桥5，Test 1的第二篇Nature or Nurture?的第16题：the identity of the pupils此题和上述题型一致，同属信息包含题。题目问的是学生的身份应该归属于哪一段。那么根据正常行文的结构来判断的话，这种身份介绍性的内容大多数情况下是会出现在文章的开始部分的，所以答案是B段。

双语阅读：法国游客小气傲慢全球最差

A foreign tourist smokes from a water pipe in a coffee shop in Cairo February 23, .(Agencies)

French tourists are the worst in the world, coming across as bad at foreign languages, tight-fisted and arrogant, according to a survey of 4,500 hotel owners across the world.

They finish in last place in the survey carried out for internet travel agency Expedia by polling company TNS Infratest, which said French holidaymakers don't speak local languages and are seen as impolite.

“It's mainly the fact that they speak little or no English when they're abroad, and they don't speak much of the local language,” Expedia Marketing Director Timothee de Roux told radio station France Info.

“The French don't go abroad very much. We're lucky enough to have a country which is magnificent in terms of its landscape and culture,” he said, adding that 90 per cent of French people did their traveling at home. “

So when they're on holiday they can be a bit stressed, they're not used to things, and this can lead them to be demanding in a way which could be seen as a certain arrogance.”

French tourists are also accused of generally spending less than other nationalities when abroad.

De Roux said the French, not accustomed to leaving large tips at home where a service charge is automatically levied on restaurant bills, can seem “tight-fisted” compared with other nationalities.

The Japanese ranked top of the Best Tourist survey, with the British and the Germans judged the best of the Europeans.

But French tourists received some consolation for their poor performance, finishing third after the Italians and British for dress sense while on holiday.

Vocabulary:

levy: 征收，征税

根据一项对全世界4500家旅馆老板的调查，法国游客是世界上最糟糕的游客，他们外语讲得差，既小气又傲慢。

这项由市场调查公司TNS Infratest为在线旅行社Expedia所做的调查显示，法国游客排在最后一名，他们不讲本地语言，而且被认为不礼貌。

“这主要是因为法国人在国外几乎不说英语，而且他们也不太会本地语言，” Expedia的营销总监蒂莫西?德?路克斯在接受法国电台France Info采访时说。

他说：“法国人不经常出国。我们很幸运，他们的国家幅员辽阔、文化繁荣。” 他还说90%的法国人都选择在国内旅行。

“所以当他们在外度假的时候，会感到有些压抑，他们对周遭不大适应，这可能会让他们行为苛刻，并可能被视为傲慢。”

法国游客还被认为在国外总体上比其他国家的游客花钱更少。

德?路克斯说，法国人在国内时不习惯给高额小费，因为在法国服务费会被自动算在饭馆的帐单上，所以和其他国家的游客相比，法国游客看起来更吝啬。

在最佳游客调查中，日本人排在第一位，英国人和德国人被评为最好的欧洲游客。

尽管法国游客表现不佳，但是他们在度假期间穿着品位排行中名列第三，仅次于意大利和英国游客，这也算是一种安慰吧。

篇2：雅思A类阅读出题思路

解雅思A类阅读出题思路，助力阅读速度提升

一、雅思阅读的出题思路

雅思阅读主要考查考生寻找细节信息(Specific Information)和对文章大意(Main Idea)的理解能力，不同的题型需使用不同的阅读技巧。例如大意题型中最具代表性的标题配对题型(List of Headings)，阅读时应采用skimming和skipping相结合的阅读技巧。在快速阅读时不仅要明白作者真正的写作目的，知道作者是在对某一事件或现象等进行描述(Describe)还是在通过对比、推理、预测等提出观点(Argue)，与此同时要能够跳过一些细节信息(如例子、解释说明、过程的描述等具体细节内容)，准确把握每一段的主题句，理解段落大意。这种题型其实是考查考生对英语学术类文章惯用的写作思路，即Deductive(推论演绎)和Inductive(归纳总结)的认识，进而通过了解文章布局理解文章内容。而在处理细节信息题型的时候，无需通读全文，考查的是考生对文章细节内容的寻找能力，主要学会使用Scanning的阅读技巧到文中去快速准确定位题目对应信息即可。实际上这类题型就是考查考生对定位词(Locating Words)的掌握和辨认能力，定位不准就会直接影响答案的准确性，约90%的题目都要借助Scanning来完成。

针对以上两种题型的出题思路，广大考生应从根本上不断加强阅读技巧的训练，尤其是Skimming和Scanning，把泛读和精读相结合，了解主题句的特点及主题句在段落中的分布情况，并学会分析和预测文章结构，积累各类相关的雅思阅读话题。在做细节题的过程中，要牢记定位词的特点，不断分析总结定位词的规律，以便有效提高解题的速度和准确度。因此，专家建议考生在答题之前，一定要先大概预览一下文章主题及题目类型，预测文章结构，决定阅读方法和做题顺序。

二、雅思阅读的考点

在了解了雅思阅读的出题思路后，我们再来看看它的具体考点。只有清楚掌握各种题型的特点，考生才能其出题目的和考查重点，有的放矢。专家分析认为，阅读题目主要从两个方面来考查考生的阅读和解题能力。

首先，雅思阅读题目很大程度是在考生的词汇掌握情况。其中包括同义近义词(Paraphrasing)的转换、识别能力，以及对一词多义的掌握程度。阅读涉及话题广泛，文中又有大量专业词汇，很多考生担心会因此影响阅读速度和对文章大意的把握。但是，只要我们稍加对剑桥真题进行分析就不难看出，无论是总结摘要、是非无判断还是图表题，同义近义始终贯彻其中。并且涉及的词汇都不是难度较大或生僻的专业词汇，都是一些常用的高频词汇，专业词汇大多都是文章载体或作为定位词存在，绝不会以考点的形式存在。例如在剑5Test2的第二篇文章Questions21-23是让考生完成一个标签图，图中所示的是3个被笑话激活的大脑部位，出现了Right prefrontal cortex和Orbital prefrontal cortex这样的专业词汇，两个专业词汇并不是出题者的考察目的。通过分析比较就会发现3个题目里分别出现了lights up, become active, is activated 这3个短语，这才是题目的真正考点，考察“激活”一词在文中的不同表达方式。除此之外还考查了题目中link to和文中be critical、is involved with和文中is associated with的替换。

一词多义也是雅思阅读对词汇的一个考点。比如在剑5 Johnson’s Dictionary一文的题目中就出现过shade一词，除了表示荫凉处之外，它还有表示微小、细微的意思，原文正是取了shade的第二种也是考生不太知道的意思，在文章中和subtlety进行了替换。再如account for, interpretation，也是在剑桥真题里常出现的词。account for有表示在数量上占……的意思，interpretation则有翻译的意思，但是大多考生只知其一不知其二，其实这两个词都还有表示解释说明的意思，而且剑桥题目里也多次考的也是这层意思。

同义近义转换，可能是词与词之间、短语和短语之间，也可能是句子与句子之间的。想要能更好地熟悉和把握这些词汇，重在日常积累。做完练习之后，把文中特别是真题中的文章和题目中出现的同义近义转化进行对比分析，整理成文以便复习，一词多义也是同样的道理。长此以往，定会对题目中的考点词相当熟悉和敏感，快速把题目信息和文章内容对应起来。

其次，雅思阅读的第二大考点是考查考生对文章、对问题的结构和内容的整体把握及应用能力。从真题中我们可以发现，绝大多细节题是可以通过定位词直接定位的，但是也有部分题目定位词并不明显。遇到后面这种情况，朗阁专家建议考生应该立即改变解题策略，从文章结构上下功夫，通过文章内容的组织特点和题目意思进行定位。文章性质决定文章结构。比如剑4 Test 2 Lost for Words，通过对标题和副标题的分析可推断，文章内容一定会谈到少数民族语言的现状、消失的原因、可能会造成的影响以及可能采取的挽救措施。这也是在谈论负面话题时不可缺少的4要素，这样即便题目的定位词不明显，我们也可以根据意思去推测其在文章中可能对应的段落。由此看看出，雅思阅读文章的学术性虽然决定了它的深度，但另一方面也决定了相对固定的文章结构。因为学术是严谨的，在形式上它有一套严格的规范，如果能准确把握各类文章的布局思路和特点的话，必能举一反三，事半功倍。

就题目本身而言，考生应该通过审题，明确各种题型的考点所在。看到流程图要，知道主要是考查我们对过程和步骤的认识;看到是非无题型，是考查我们寻找定位词和对句子意思的理解能力;看到总结摘要题型，是考查我们对全文或者文章部分内容的理解能力……但是，不管是什么题型，都一定会出现同义近义转换。

总而言之，了解文章的出题思路、抓住题目考点是非常必要的，也是解题的根本，考生需要在练习中不断地体会出题的思路和进一步巩固各项解题方法。

以上就是破.解雅思A类阅读出题思路，助力阅读速度提升的全部内容，从文中我们可以看出，即使雅思阅读的常见题型有10多种，万变不离其宗，考察点有2个，一个是考察对文章整体思想的把握，一个是考察对文章细节的把握。我们在备考时应该顺应其出题思路进行备考。

雅思阅读材料：预防前列腺应该吃什么

1.tomatoes番茄

Men who eat a lot of tomatoes, tomato sauce, or pizza smothered with the stuff may be giving themselves a hedge against prostate cancer. So say researchers at Harvard, who studied the eating habits of more than 47,000 male health professionals.

男人吃大量的番茄、番茄酱或者涂有大量番茄酱的披萨饼，都可以起到预防前列腺癌的功效。哈佛的研究人员在研究了47000多名健康职业男性的饮食习惯后得出了上述结论。

They found that men who ate tomato sauce two to four times per week had a 35 percent lower risk of developing prostate cancer than men who ate none. A carotenoid called lycopene, which tomatoes contain in abundance, appeared to be responsible. But scientists were puzzled: tomato juice didn't seem to have a protective effect.

研究人员表示，每周吃两至四次番茄酱的男性与不吃的男性相比，其罹患前列腺癌的风险降低了35%。番茄中大量含有一种类胡萝卜素即番茄红素，其所发挥的作用不可小觑。然而令科学家困惑的是，番茄汁不具有类似的功效。

2. Oysters 牡蛎

Myth has it that oysters are the food of love. Science may agree. Just two to three oysters deliver a full day's supply of zinc, a mineral critical for normal functioning of the male reproductive system.

相传牡蛎是情爱之食，科学家对此表示认同。区区两三枚牡蛎就可以供给男人所需的锌，而锌是男性生殖系统正常运作所需的重要矿物质。

Scientists report that sperm counts have declined over the last 50 years and that environmental factors are to blame. Getting adequate zinc is sometimes the answer. In one trial, 22 men with low testosterone levels and sperm counts were given zinc every day for 45 mg to 50 mg days. Testosterone levels and sperm counts rose.

科学家表示，男性精子数量在近50年来不断下降，环境因素的影响难辞其咎。摄取足量的锌有时可以解决问题。在一项试验中，22个睾丸激素和精子数量较低的男性每天食用45至50毫克的锌，之后其睾丸激素和精子数量均有所提高。

3. Watermelon 西瓜

Until the age of 55, more men suffer from high blood pressure than do women. Research suggests that foods rich in potassium can reduce the risk of high blood pressure. Watermelon, a rich source of this mineral, has more potassium--664 mg --in one large slice than the amount found in a banana or a cup of orange juice. So cut yourself another slice and enjoy the taste of summer.

男人在55岁前受高血压折磨的比例要比女人高。研究表明，富含钾的食物可以降低罹患高血压的风险。西瓜富含钾元素，一大片西瓜中就含有664毫克钾，这比香蕉或者一杯橙汁中钾的含量要高得多。所以再来一块西瓜吧，尽情享受夏天的滋味。

4. Broccoli 西兰花

A recent Harvard study finds that cruciferous vegetables, like broccoli, may protect against bladder cancer. It's one of the most common cancers, and affects two to three times as many men as women. Scientists analyzed the diets of nearly 50,000 men and discovered that those who ate five servings or more per week of cruciferous veggies were half as likely to develop bladder cancer over a ten-year period as men who rarely ate them. And broccoli and cabbage were singled out as the most protective foods.

最近哈佛大学研究发现，十字花科的蔬菜，例如西兰花，有助于预防膀胱癌。膀胱癌是常见的一种癌症，男性发病率是女性的两到三倍。科学家分析研究了将近五万名男性的饮食后发现，一周至少吃五次十字花科类蔬菜的男性，其在内得膀胱癌的几率比很少食用者减少了一半，其中西兰花和卷心菜被认为是最具功效的食物。

5. Peanut Butter 花生酱

If you want a healthy heart, spread your morning toast with peanut butter. Heart disease is the leading killer of men and women, but men fall victim at an earlier age. Researchers compared the cholesterol-lowering effect with a higher-fat diet based on peanuts. After 24 days both diets lowered “bad” LDL cholesterol. But the peanut plan also caused a drop in blood fats called triglycerides and did not decrease HDL, the “good” cholesterol.

如果你想拥有一颗健康的心脏，那么在早餐的面包片上涂点花生酱吧。心脏方面的疾病是男女的致命杀手，中年男性更是深受其害。研究者比较了食用低胆固醇食品和含有更多脂肪的花生对心脏的影响。实验进行了24天后，两种饮食均可以降低有害的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量。与此同时，花生组还导致了血脂即甘油三酸酯的降低，且没有减少高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量。

Peanut butter is a little higher in fat, but it's the type that's good for you--monounsaturated fat.Just don't go nutty plastering on the tasty spread, since it is high in calories.

花生酱的脂肪含量有些许高，然而这是一种对你有益的单不饱和性脂肪。当然你要注意别贪嘴涂抹过多的花生酱，毕竟它拥有较高的卡路里含量。

雅思阅读材料：“无礼小孩”到金像奖得主

When Nicolas Tse accepted the Best Actor .rophy at the Hong Kong Film Awards he thanked his father, the .eteran actor Patrick Tse, for tolerating his .bellious behavior.

当谢霆锋接过香港金像奖男主角的奖杯时，他感谢了自己的父亲，资深演员谢贤，感谢他容忍自己当年叛逆的行为。

Tse went on: “I hope you forgive the rude kid who had no judgment.

谢霆锋接着说：“我希望你能原谅当年那个不懂事的无礼小孩。”

“To raise such a troublesome kid and still face the public with a smile, you are the real best actor dad. I’m sorry.”

“要养大一个这么惹麻烦的孩子还仍然微笑着面对公众，爸爸你是真正的演员。我真的很抱歉。”

Tse, 30, has transformed himself from .rash pop star to serious actor. He once saw his career .erailed by criminal charges after a car accident. He’s also famous for his bad-boy, trouble-making image.

30岁的谢霆锋完成了从年少轻狂的流行歌星到成熟的实力派演员的转变。他的事业曾经因一次车祸后的刑事指控而脱离轨道。他曾经也因为爱惹事的坏男孩形象而闻名。

Now a father-of-two, the star has learnt to be responsible and modest.

如今作为两个孩子的父亲，这位明星学会了承担责任和谦恭有礼。

At the scene, he recalled the award ceremony 12 years ago: after being named Best Newcomer the .rrogant 18-year-old Tse “.corned” his dad.

在舞台上，他回忆起前的颁奖礼：18岁时傲慢的自己获得了新人奖，并以此“挖苦”父亲。

Finally he got his chance to apologize. Tse won this award for playing a reluctant .nformant in the police thriller The Stool Pigeon.

如今他终于有了道歉的机会。谢霆锋因在警匪片《线人》中扮演一位被逼无奈的线人而获此大奖。

Tse, the youngest of five nominees for Best Actor, is known for doing risky .ts. He says he won’t stop being a .devil. “That’s my .tion to filmmaking,” he said.

谢霆锋是五位男主角提名人中最年轻的他表演的危险特技众所周知。他表示还会继续冒险。他说，“这是我对电影的衷爱。”

Besides acting, Tse says he wants to produce “Hong Kong made” films. The film legend Chou Yun-fat (周润发) says that rising actors like Tse represent the future of the Hong Kong movie industry.

除了演戏，谢霆锋表示他希望可以出品“香港制造”的电影。电影界传奇明星周润发说，谢霆锋等冉冉升起的演员代表了香港电影业的未来。

Chou said to Tse: “You are so young and ambitious, so the next 30 years of Hong Kong films will rest on your shoulders!”

周润发对谢霆锋说，“你这么年轻有为，香港电影的后30年就靠你了!”

雅思

篇3：雅思阅读出题思路及考点分析

雅思阅读出题思路及考点分析

一、雅思阅读的出题思路

针对以上两种题型的出题思路，广大考生应从根本上不断加强阅读技巧的训练，尤其是Skimming 和Scanning，把泛读和精读相结合，了解主题句的特点及主题句在段落中的分布情况，并学会分析和预测文章结构，积累各类相关的雅思阅读话题。在做细节题的过程中，要牢记定位词的特点，不断分析总结定位词的规律，以便有效提高解题的速度和准确度。因此，雅思专家建议考生在答题之前，一定要先大概预览一下文章主题及题目类型，预测文章结构，决定阅读方法和做题顺序。

二、雅思阅读的考点

首先，雅思阅读题目很大程度是在考生的词汇掌握情况。其中包括同义近义词 (Paraphrasing)的转换、识别能力，以及对一词多义的掌握程度。阅读涉及话题广泛，文中又有大量专业词汇，很多考生担心会因此影响阅读速度和对文章大意的把握。但是，只要我们稍加对剑桥真题进行分析就不难看出，无论是总结摘要、是非无判断还是图表题，同义近义始终贯彻其中。并且涉及的词汇都不是难度较大或生僻的专业词汇，都是一些常用的高频词汇，专业词汇大多都是文章载体或作为定位词存在，绝不会以考点的形式存在。例如在剑5Test2的第二篇文章Questions21-23是让考生完成一个标签图，图中所示的是3个被笑话激活的大脑部位，出现了Right prefrontal cortex和Orbital prefrontal cortex这样的专业词汇，两个专业词汇并不是出题者的考察目的。通过分析比较就会发现3个题目里分别出现了lights up， become active， is activated 这3个短语，这才是题目的真正考点，考察“激活”一词在文中的不同表达方式。除此之外还考查了题目中link to和文中be critical、is involved with和文中is associated with的替换。

一词多义也是雅思阅读对词汇的一个考点。比如在剑5 Johnson’s Dictionary一文的题目中就出现过shade一词，除了表示荫凉处之外，它还有表示微小、细微的意思，原文正是取了shade的第二种也是考生不太知道的意思，在文章中和subtlety进行了替换。再如account for， interpretation，也是在剑桥真题里常出现的词。account for有表示在数量上占……的意思，interpretation则有翻译的意思，但是大多考生只知其一不知其二，其实这两个词都还有表示解释说明的意思，而且剑桥题目里也多次考的也是这层意思。

其次，雅思阅读的第二大考点是考查考生对文章、对问题的结构和内容的整体把握及应用能力。从真题中我们可以发现，绝大多细节题是可以通过定位词直接定位的，但是也有部分题目定位词并不明显。遇到后面这种情况，专家建议考生应该立即改变解题策略，从文章结构上下功夫，通过文章内容的组织特点和题目意思进行定位。文章性质决定文章结构。比如剑4 Test 2 Lost for Words，通过对标题和副标题的分析可推断，文章内容一定会谈到少数民族语言的现状、消失的原因、可能会造成的影响以及可能采取的挽救措施。这也是在谈论负面话题时不可缺少的4要素，这样即便题目的定位词不明显，我们也可以根据意思去推测其在文章中可能对应的段落。由此看看出，雅思阅读文章的学术性虽然决定了它的深度，但另一方面也决定了相对固定的文章结构。因为学术是严谨的，在形式上它有一套严格的规范，如果能准确把握各类文章的布局思路和特点的话，必能举一反三，事半功倍。

雅思阅读解题技巧分享：结构阅读法

1. 浏览文章的必要性

我并不否认很多情况下做题不用浏览文章。通常先阅读题目，然后通过题目中的关键词到文章中定位，最后找到答案。但是若遇到某些题型，单纯依靠定位就不合时宜了，即使侥幸做对，那也是自欺欺人。例，如目前颇有大展其鼓之势的段落细节配对题。简而言之，此题型就是出题者给出一个细节，然后要求答题者找出细节所在的相应段落。若用定位法，势必整段逐行搜寻，耗时耗力，效率等同于通读全文，更何况有时还未必能找到题干中的相同词语，而是需要靠做题者自己去归纳。例如“剑四”52页30题题干“a description of the mental activities which are exercised and developed during play”，在文章相关段落中很难甄别出上述信息。还有T/F/NG题中，虽然题目顺序与原文答案出现顺序一般保持一致，但也不能完全排除顺序打乱的情况出现，例如“剑五”19页8-13题。要做出这些题，那就非读文章不可了。

2. 结构阅读法

那么雅思文章该怎么读呢?首先，我们来看看雅思权威考官Vanessa Jakeman和Clare McDowell两位专家是怎么说的：

“When you go to university or college you may be overwhelmed by the amount of reading you are expected to do. You will have to do a lot of this reading on your own and you will need to be able to read discriminatingly. This means you will need to have the skills required to focus in on the information that is important to you and to skim through the information that isn’t.”

按照他们的说法，雅思阅读就是考察学生在读长文章时筛选信息的能力，即read discriminately，知道哪些是重要信息必须细读，哪些是无用的，可以忽略。雅思考题的设计思路不仅是为了测试考生的语言水平，更在于帮助考生培养起一套适合英联邦大学教学观念的学习方法。在英国念文科的同学都会有这样一种共识，那就是一学期要看很多书，写很多essay，有的同学虽然很刻苦，整日地泡在图书馆里做书虫，但还是读不完reading lList中的必读书。再对比周围英国同学，他们不见得比我们刻苦，却很能掉书袋，写出的essay理论功底更深。学习效率的高低正是由阅读方法的差异造成的。中国学生从小接受英语精读教学，咬文嚼字，看书喜欢一页页地细嚼慢咽。就个人阅读习惯而言，这种读法无可厚非，但若是做学问，这就不是正确的方法了。而英国学生读书，总是先浏览目次、摘要等信息，然后阅读索引，找寻需要的信息，所以他们一本书通常读一天甚至于几小时就够了。同样雅思的文章，也没必要逐字逐句的读，而是要了解作者行文时的构思以及写文章要达到的目的。如果做题前就能对文章的思路了如指掌，那就好比站在了作者的高度，定位时也就不会出现无的放矢的碰运气了。

雅思阅读解题技巧分享：平行阅读法

雅思平行阅读法介绍

首先，应明确雅思阅读的顺序性：所谓顺序性是指题目答案的在文章中出现的先后顺序.大题之间是无序的，而一类题中的几个小题之间是有序的.例如：一篇文章中有三种题型，第一种是选择(1-3)，第二种是T/F/NG(4-7),第三种是summary(8-11).按照以上的规律则表明，第一种题型之中即1-3题是有序的，而第4题在文章中的位置就不一定在第3题后面，也许在第一题后面或第二题后面.所以，抓住阅读文章的顺序性是很重要的.

下面介绍平行阅读的方法：

假设此篇文章有11道题，且11道题的答案在文章中出现位置的顺序如下：

....1....4............

........2.......3.....

5......8......9.......

6......10.....7.......

.........11...........

从上面的文章中可以看出，题型一、二、三之间是无序的，但每个题型之中的小题是有序的，即1-3，4-7，8-11是有序的.

方法：第一步，我们先带着第一类型的第一题和第二类型的第一题即(第1题和第4题)去阅读文章，首先，我们在读第一行的时候能碰到第1题的答案，此时，我们精读，把第1题做出.

第二步，我们在做出第1题后，带着第一类题型的第二小题和第二类题型的第一小题即(第2题和第4题)去读，然后在阅读的时候找到了第4题，精读，做出之后带着第一类题型的第二小题和第二题型的第二小题即(第2题和第5题)去读.在第二行能找到第2题的答案，精读，做出之后带着第3题和第5题去读.然后看到了第3题的答案，精读，做出第3题.此时第一类体型已经做完，于是，我们就带着第5题和第三类题型的第一小题去读，即(第5题和第8题)去读......这样就能一次性把阅读做完，能节省不少时间.

雅思阅读出题思路及考点分析

篇4：雅思阅读高频隐性定位词

雅思阅读高频隐性定位词

一、雅思阅读隐性定位词中Proportion=%.

通常，在我们审题的时候，会发现每个问题的选项都有特定的信号词出现，例如下面的问题中，我们可以明显看到问题6中出现的proportion，因此我们在选择相对的答案的时候，可以找找文中有没有相对应百分比的对照。然后首先看看这些百分比内容的匹配性，因此像这种隐形定位词能够有效提高我们做题的速度。

Question 1-6

Reading Passage 1 has nine sections, A-l.

Which section contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-l, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.

6. The estimated proportion of children in New Zealand with auditory problems

对应原文：

The Impact of Hearing Loss on Young Children

A. Hearing impairment or other auditory function deficit in young children can have a major impact on their development of speech and communication, resulting in a detrimental effect on their ability to lean at school. This is likely to have major consequences for the individual and the population as a whole. The New Zealand Ministry of Health has found from research carried out over two decades that 6-10% of children in that country are affected by hearing loss.

因此第6题选A

二、雅思阅读隐性定位词中Payment，通常可以用货币符号表示。

在下面的例子中，我们可以从问题中找到关于payment这个隐性定位词。从字面可以知道payment是账单的意思，就是关于金钱，或者货币符号的形式出现。所以考生可以根据相关线索优先分析这类选项。

Question 8-13

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

In boxes 8-J3 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE：If the statement agrees with the information

FALSE：If the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN：If there is no information on this

12. Johnson only received payment for his Dictionary on its completion.

对应原文：

Johnson signed the contract for the Dictionary with the bookseller Robert Dosley at a breakfast held at the Golden Anchor Inn near Holborn Bar on 18 June 1764. He was to be paid? 1,575 in instalments, and from this he took money to rent 17 Gough Square, in which he set up his 'dictionary workshop'. James Boswell, his biographer, described the garret where Johnson worked as 'fitted up like a counting house' with a long desk running down the middle at which the copying clerks would work standing up.

原文说的是分期in installments，而题干说的是only...completion，因此是False。

三、雅思阅读隐性定位词中Earlier=time.

如果出现这种描述时间的隐性信号词，那么选项若出现时间的形式可以优先查看。例如下文出现earlier，字面意思表示很早，表时间的，那么选项看看有没有表时间的。这样能大大提高做题速度。

Question 27-29

Reading Passage 3 has eight paragraphs A-H.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 27-29 on your answer sheet.

27. Mention of a geo-engineering project based on an earlier natural phenomenon

对应原文：

D.The concept of releasing aerosol sprays into the stratosphere above the Arctic has been proposed by several scientists. This would involve using sculpture or hydrogen supplied aerosols so that sculpture dioxide would form clouds, which would, in turn, lead to a global dimming. The idea is modelled on historic volcanic explosions, such as that of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in 1991, which led to a short-term cooling of global temperatures by 0.5℃.Scientists have also scrutinized whether it's possible to preserve the ice sheets of Greenland with reinforced high-tension cables, preventing icebergs from moving into the sea.

原文出现时间的地方描述historic volcanic explosions, such as that of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines，such as举例子，historic volcanic explosions对应natural phenomenon，因此选D.

四、雅思阅读隐性定位词中Refer to as= proper nouns.

当我们遇到像refer to as，这种表示要解释一个现象，一个单词意思的隐性信号词的时候。在选看选项的时候可以优先看那些专有名词的选项，换句话说就是选项有某个单词不熟悉，然后出现频率高的名词。通过下面的例子，我们可以看出：

Question 34-40

Complete the sentences.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 34-40 on your answer sheet.

35. Plants which do not respond to light levels are referred to as.

对应原文：

For example, some species of birds' breeding can be induced even in midwinter simply by increasing day length artificially (Wolfson 1964). Other examples of photoperiodic occur in plants. A short-day plant flowers when the day is less than a certain critical length. A long-day plant flowers after a certain critical day length is exceeded. In both cases the critical day length differs from species to species. Plants which flower after a period of vegetative growth, regardless of photoperiod, are known as day-neutral plants.

回原文寻读，找到day-neutral plants是以斜体形式出现，且前面有限定are known as，可以确定是专有名词，do not respond to light levels对应regardless ofphotoperiod，所以填day-neutral plants.

'雅思阅读材料：英国超辣汉堡致5人住院

Diners are being asked to sign a waiver before eating a fiery chilli burger - after it put five people in hospital.

英国一餐厅推出的热辣汉堡已导致5人住院，现在再想吃这款“变态辣”汉堡要先签署免责声明。

The X.X.X Hot Chilli Burger - dubbed the hottest dish in Britain - is served to over 18s only at Burger Off in Sussex.

这款被称为英国最辣的热辣汉堡，是苏塞克斯郡汉堡店Burger Off 的料理，仅卖给18岁以上的成年人。

It is topped with chilli sauce worth a staggering 9.2million on the Scoville scale - a measure of the 'hotness' of foods. In contrast, the average chilli pepper comes in at just 500 Scoville Heat Units.

热辣汉堡涂有“史高维尔辣度指标”920万的辣椒酱。“史高维尔辣度指标”是测量食物辣度的指标，普通辣椒指数仅500。

One diner was taken to hospital with a suspected perforated bowel after eating the spicy dish, while four others were admitted for treatment on the same night for suspected anaphylactic shock.

一位顾客在吃了这款热辣汉堡后疑似因肠穿孔被送往医院救治，当晚还有4位顾客疑似过敏休克入院。

Now, restaurant owner Nick Gambardella is asking customers to sign a legal disclaimer that prevents them from suing him if they fall victim to the red-hot burger.

汉堡店老板尼克·甘巴德拉为避免顾客用餐后出现不良反应起诉自己，要求顾客只有在签署了法律免责声明后方可尝试此热辣汉堡。

The document reads: 'I the undersigned accept all responsibility for any effects incured due to the consumtion of the above mentioned X.X.X Hot Chilli Burger and release Burger Off, its owner and staff from any liability.'

声明中写道：“我签署同意，在Burger Off食用热辣汉堡所带来的一切后果责任由我个人承担，餐厅和餐厅老板、服务员免责。”

Mr Gambardella, 55, said he was 'amazed' that he was allowed to sell such a spicy burger - adding: 'It has been a massive hit with the customers'.

55岁的甘巴德拉说自己也很吃惊，居然得到了销售此款热辣汉堡的许可证，他补充道：“这在顾客中反响很大”。

'I have to admit I’ve not dared to try one of these burgers myself as they are so spicy,' he said. 'One guy came in and he was just a little bit cocky and when he left he was admitted to hospital because prior to eating the burger he had a stomach ulcerand we believe it perforated his bowel. He wasn’t in a good way but he pulled through.

“不得不承认，连我自己都不敢尝试这款热辣汉堡，因为它真的太辣了。”他说，“有位客人进店的时候还自以为是，但是离开的时候就直接入院了。在吃热辣汉堡之前这家伙就有胃溃疡，我们觉得在吃了汉堡之后他可能肠穿孔了。他还没有完全康复，但目前已经度过了危险期。”

The burger, which is on sale for only ￡3.90, features sauce based on a Piri Piri chilli concentrate, created through steaming and later infused with carbon dioxide.

这款热辣汉堡售价仅3.9英镑(约合人民币39元)，其特色在于添加其中的皮尔皮尔辣椒酱，这种辣椒酱的制作方法是先气蒸后注入二氧化碳。

So far, only 59 out of 3,000 challengers have succeeded in eating the entire dish. Many of the burger's conquerors have taken to Twitter and The Burger Off Facebook page to spread the word of their victory.

截至目前，3000名挑战者仅有59位成功吃完整个汉堡。许多挑战成功者在推特和Burger Off餐厅的脸书页面上炫耀自己的胜利。

Mr Gambardella said the burger had caused customers to adopt a number of undignified coping mechanisms, including stripping naked, begging for mercy, punching windows and vomiting.

甘巴德拉说，顾客在吃热辣汉堡时言行举止十分不雅，有的大脱衣服、有的跪地求饶、还有的捶窗呕吐。

It has also left many diners suffering from anaphylactic shock - a severe allergic reaction that can cause swelling, rashes and difficulty breathing.

大量顾客吃了热辣汉堡后过敏性休克，这种严重的过敏反应会导致肿胀、发疹和呼吸困难。

'The burgers are cooked properly - it’s the sauce that is maybe too hot to handle,' said Mr Gambardella.

甘巴德拉说：“其实汉堡烹饪是合理的。热辣汉堡这么辣，都是辣酱惹的祸。”

学术类雅思阅读题目的黄金法则

雅思学术类阅读虽然有十种题型(八种主要题型)，但在解题过程中有一条贯穿始终的黄金法则，那就是学术类阅读的基本解题思路。

STEP ONE：分析文章后的题目

拿到一篇阅读文章，考生应该首先细读题目要求，确定哪些是关于文章结构的题目，哪些是关于文章细节的题目，同时找出题目中的中心词。

STEP TWO：带着问题扫描文章

1. 扫描标题

考生拿到一篇雅思学术类阅读文章，首先应该看一下文章的标题，而迄今为止，雅思学术类阅读理解考试中大致出现过下列三种题目类型：第一种是正规标题，始可用来判断文章大意、类型、而得知文章结构;第二种是主标题加副标题，副标题有时承担揭示文章结构的重任;第三种是无标题，这种考试形式自99 年开在中国考区出现，一般文章较长而且难，但仍然可以在文章第一段发现揭示文章主题的主旨句。考生应注意：描述性标题应该予以忽略;如果文章分几个SECTION 论述，则SECTION 的标题也应该加以注意

2.扫描全文的分段情况及其他信息

考生应注意数字、百分比、分数、时间或货币符号出现较多的段落;引号、大写专有名词、括号及破折号出现较多的段落;斜体字、黑体字、下划线出现较多的

段落

3.扫描每个段落的首末句，把握文章主题：

主题句提示文章每段的主题含意，进而合成整个文章的大意。因此，一定要找出主题句，从而找出这一段的主题。主题句通常是一段文章的首句(当然并非永远如此)，寻找主题句的方法可按下列顺序：

首句 --→ 第二句 --→中间句--→ 末句

注意：如果首句是描述性语句则应该予以忽略,通过段落首末句判断段落主题的关键是找准中心词(KEY WORD)中心词最可能是表示主要概念的名词，一般是句子的主语和宾语;表明状态的动词;表示程度高低、范围大小、肯定或否定的副词;中心词会在题目及原文中以同义词形式大量出现。比如：famous - prestigious;restructure delayer.

4. 扫描连接上下文的信号词

5. 扫描文章文章中是否有图表或示意图

这些图表一般包含了一些有关回答问题的信息，因此可以先对这些图表做一扫描，了解其内容从而加快答题速度，不然的话，就可能陷在文章中四处找寻答案而乱无头绪。但应注意，一般照片、地图、漫画可以予以忽略。

STEP THREE：

以问题为中心，通过上述扫描工作，找出文章中对应的中心词，从而定位正确答案。

雅思阅读

篇5：为什么总定位不到雅思阅读出题点

雅思阅读：为什么总定位不到雅思阅读出题点?

真相1：心态紧张，视线模糊

烤鸭心理太紧张了，一味的追求速度，心理想着：快快快!我要比火箭快!于是，紧张的心理，模糊了视线，于是在考场上，阅读的文章，变成了介样：

烤鸭萌，你一紧张，阅读文章变成了介样，请问你怎么可能定位得粗来呢?所以，做阅读第一步，心态调整好，别那么紧张，阅读的速度其实，不用那么快的!刚开始定位第一题时可以稍稍慢点，没关系，或者看第一组题目，如果有好定位的题(出现特殊关键词)，可以优先定位好定位的题，然后再结合题文同序的原则定位。

在原词出现的情况下，定位有两个层次：

1)特殊词定位，这一步一定要快且准确，快速锁定出题点，特殊词定位必须全拿下;

2)没有特殊词，名词定位，用有‘新意’的名词定位(具体课上会解释)。名词定位，如果长难句处理能力强的同学，去定位时：首先结合题文同序的原则，大致圈定出题点后，每个句子快速扫主语和宾语，因为主语和宾语基本都是名词，可以快速找到;如果烤鸭本身句子结构和成分掌握得不好的，那就‘硬扫’，把眼睛当成扫描仪，确保每个单词都看到，但是不用用脑去想每个单词的意思，直到快速扫到这个词为止。

其他定位方式，课上会详细解释，这里暂略。

真相2：定位信息不要只停留在题目上，预测原文也可以定位

考试中一定有些题目，是烤鸭看到之后不知道怎么定位的，因为这样的题目，关键词太难画了。如下例：

例：What is the smallest species of Bovid called?

学生看到介个题目，内心是奔溃的。怎么定位呢?Bovid是文章主题词，文章多次重复出现，不具备定位的价值。找smallest species,文中压根木有出现啊。怎么定位呢?这个时候，其实可以预测答案和原文的形式，来定位。谈到一个物种的大小，要么就是说高度，要么就是说重量，是不是?所以，结合题文同序的原则，去文中快速锁定出现讲身高或是体重的地方，快速定位，预测一下看是不是出题点。文中符合这个特点的原文是：

This diversity of habitat is also matched by great diversity in size and form: at one extreme is the royal antelope of west Africa, which stands a mere 25 cm at the shoulder; at the other, the massively built bisons of North America and Europe, growing to a shoulder height of 2.2m.

(答案：royal antelope)

所以，烤鸭们，请记住通过预测答案在文中的信息和表现方式，也是可以定位的哦。

真相3：定位不光是找某个词，学霸们的定位其实是在快速扫读原文

为什么要扫读原文?我刚刚讲过，考试时，关键词原词出现的题数大约是25-30题，看人品决定。原词出现的，你硬扫也要扫到关键词哦。但是，文中可能不只一个地方出现了关键词，所以要快速扫读出现了关键词的地方，快速提主干，理解大意，通过意思来确定是否是出题点。这就是我强调的，为什么题目要先读懂，再画关键词去定位，因为要通过意思才能确定是否是出题点，这是扫读的原因之一。

原因之二，考官在设置题目的时候，会划分难度，以来选拔不同程度的学生。所以，大约有10道题左右的题目，很难找到一样的关键词，只能通过意思，识别同义替换来定位。当然，这样的题目在定位时还是要结合题文同序的原则，先大概锁定出题点的大概段落，再去快速扫读句子，弄清大意，通过意思，通过识别同义替换来定位。雅思阅读中的同义替换也有几种情况，烤鸭们心里也需要门清的，阅读考试中，同义替换的有以下几种形式：

同义词组/近义词组互换

词性互转(如loss-lost, confidence-confident)

抽象具体/上下义词的同义替换(如fire fighting tools-- fire engine, helicopter等)

类似summary的高度总结和概括

(以上内容，请具体参阅‘雅思语言’那篇文章)

最大真相：定位不到，其实就是实力有待提高，踏踏实实，提升实力

实力提升，需要词汇+长难句，有一定的词汇基础之后，更重要的是提升句子结构处理的能力，快速处理长难句的能力，并且看句子时，不要只是停留在英文的表面，要理解!理解!理解!理解就是反应出中文意思来。

雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案

From The Economist print edition

How shops can exploit people’s herd mentality to increase sales

1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is， how ants， bees or any social animal， including humans， behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.

2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome， Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani， a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology， described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted： for instance， by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store， forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes， also of the Florida Institute of Technology， set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that， if a certain product is seen to be popular， shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.

3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani’s supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag， a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information， and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods， a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high， he is more likely to select it too.

4. Mr Usmani’s “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts. And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bought the “right” product—that is， the one everyone else bought. The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world， mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America and Tesco in Britain are interested in his work， and testing will get under way in the spring.

5. Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could， indeed， be boosted in this way. Matthew Salganik of Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14，000 people downloaded previously unknown songs. The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded， they followed the crowd. When the songs were not ordered by rank， but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed， the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.

6. In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies. The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category， and the rankings are updated weekly. Icosystem， a company in Cambridge， Massachusetts， also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales.

7. And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet. Online retailers such as Amazon are adept at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers. Even in the privacy of your home， you can still be part of the swarm.

雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案

Questions 1-6

Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

1. Shopowners realize that the smell of _______________ can increase sales of food products.

2. In shops， products shelved at a more visible level sell better even if they are more _______________.

3. According to Mr. Usmani， with the use of “swarm intelligence” phenomenon， a new method can be applied to encourage _______________.

4. On the way to everyday items at the back of the store， shoppers might be tempted to buy _______________.

5. If the number of buyers shown on the _______________ is high， other customers tend to follow them.

6. Using the “swarm-moves” model， shopowners do not have to give customers _______________ to increase sales.

Questions 7-12

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 7-12 write

YES if the statement agrees with the information

NO if the statement contraicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage

7. Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in big supermarkets like Wal-Mart.

8. People tend to download more unknown songs than songs they are familiar with.

9. Songs ranked high by the number of times being downloaded are favored by customers.

10. People follow the others to the same extent whether it is convenient or not.

11. Items sold in some Japanese stores are simply chosen according to the sales data of other shops.

12. Swarm intelligence can also be observed in everyday life.

Answer keys：

1. 答案：(freshly baked) bread. (第1段第2 行：Shoppers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they intended.)

2. 答案：expensive. (第1段第4 行： Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors.)

3. 答案：impulse buying. (第2段第1 句：At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome， Zeeshan- ul- hassan Usmani， a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology， described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon.)

4. 答案：other (tempting) goods/things/products. (第2段第2 句：Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted： for instance， by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store， forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them.)

5. 答案：screen. (第3段第4 行：As a customer walks past a shelf of goods， a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high， he is more likely to select it too.)

6. 答案：discounts. (第4段第第1句：Mr Usmani’s “swarm- moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts.)

7. 答案：NO. (第4段第3、4 句：The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world， mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal- Mart in America an Tesco in Britain are interestd in his workd， and testing will get under way in the spring. 短语 “get under way”的意思是“开始进行”，在Wal-Mart的试验要等到春天才开始)

8. 答案：NOT GIVEN. (在文中没有提及该信息)

9. 答案：YES。 (第5段第3 句：The reseachers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they have been downloaded， they followed the crowd.)

10. 答案：NO。 (第5段最后两句：When the songs are not ordered by rank， but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed， the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so. pronounced 的词义是“显著的、明显的”)

11. 答案：YES。 (第6段第1 句：In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies.)

12. 答案：YES。 (最后一段最后一句：Even in the privacy of your home， you can still be part of the swarm. home应该算是everyday life的一部分

篇6：雅思阅读考试出题方向与思路解析

一、雅思阅读考试的出题思路

雅思阅读主要考查考生寻找细节信息和对文章大意的理解能力，不同的题型需使用不同的阅读技巧。不过最主要的还是要精听与泛听的结合。了解主题句的特点及主题句在段落中的分布情况，并学会分析和预测文章结构。

二、雅思阅读考试的考点

在了解雅思阅读考试的出题思路后，我们就来看看具体的考察重点，小站老师认为雅思阅读考题主要从两个方面来考查考生的阅读和解题能力。

雅思阅读要考察的就是考生的雅思词汇掌握情况如何，其中包括了同义近义词转换、识别等。涉及的词汇都不是难度较大或生僻的专业词汇，都是一些常用的高频词汇，这点需要注意。

提高雅思阅读扩充词汇量才是王道

在阅读方面，我进行基础训练，就是说，不做题，看文章，不懂的单词直接查，不用很多的时间去猜，去想，去琢磨，我感觉那样，会把自己引入歧途，对于日后再见到次单词的时候的理解会产生一定的不良影响。所以，基础练习一增加单词量，提高理解复杂句型的能力为主，不考虑做题方法。对全文进行深入透彻的理解。在全面掌握之后，经常“复习”，过一段时间之后再看一遍，如此这般，一段时间之后就把这些单词和句子记下了。

虽然这样做是比较痛苦的，因为需要查太多的单词，需要理解太多的不懂的句子，但是坚持下来是会有效果的，我相信。另外关键的一点就是，看过的东西不要仍掉，要经常的复习，否则时间久了，就比没看过强不了多少。

其实阅读的关键还是基础，还是单词量，另外很重要的还有对句子的理解能力，这些都要考大量的阅读来解决，单纯的看文章，然后做题，对于基础不是很好的人来说是不合适的，就好象是电脑的内存不够，自然系统运做起来就很慢，效率不高，还容易死机。无论处理器多好，内存如果太小，也难以发挥。懂电脑的朋友们都知道这一点。如果处理器是p42.0，而内存只有64M，那么系统运行的速度还是会比较慢的，尤其是再打开和关闭程序的时候。那些能得7、8分的人“内存”最少也得“256M”

好象有点跑题了，不过我的观点不管大家是否赞同，我想一定能明白了，总之，就是说，对于基础不是很好的朋友们来说，最好不要一味的追求做题，应该从基础上来做练习，多看，多记，而不是多做。当然，再考试之前是一定要多做些题目来练习的。

雅思阅读备考应从三处着手

一、从单词、句子入手。

为了从根本上提高阅读的成绩，必须尽量每天安排一定的时间，比如说每天半小时左右，根据自身英文情况制定一个学习计划，稳步、系统地准备单词、训练对句子和段落的理解力，并且要持之以恒。

IELTS阅读的文章信息量大，对考生们的词汇筹备是一个极大的挑战。雅思词汇的准备可以以我国大学英语四、六级词汇为基本，加上1000左右常见的考试词汇，7000个左右的词汇量才能保障考生们完成快速阅读。

考生们要学会在文章当中记单词，如脱离语言环境，孤立地背词汇，就很容易把单词的意义遗忘或混淆。好的方法是：每天背一定量生词，并把它们制成小卡片，随时随地拿出来，见缝插针地背诵，不断重复、不断补充，就像“滚雪球”一样，力求在短期内迅速扩大词汇量。重复是记忆之母!

对句子的理解，考生们应学会从句子的主干成分——主谓结构入手，对并列句、比较句、指代句、复合句和双重否定句要有充分的了解，注意人称、时态和语态在句子中的变化，并结合句子上下文，以便正确地掌握其要表达的意思。还可以逐渐培养自己将一个长句子(有时不止一个句子，还包括从句)读成一个相对短的句子，以对长句子内容作一总结式归纳，找出其所陈述的要点。

二、加大阅读的广度

IELTS考试G类的阅读中前两部分通常是实用性强的功能性短文，如菜单、产品说明、通知、住宿安排和广告等，非常贴近西方的实际生活，但对我们国内绝大多数考生而言会很陌生。这就要求考生们争取每天阅读一定量的原版英文报刊、书籍，如TIME、READER’S DIGEST等,尤其注意其中的各种各样的广告。并非要读懂每一个字，或完全理解，只要能理解其中大至含义既可。

A类阅读主要是关于历史中的重要人物、事件和发明和科学现象、学科最新动向、地理现象以及社会发展、经济状况等。其中大部分文章选自国外人文类、经济类和科学类的知名报纸、杂志或各政府、组织的研究报告。如：NEW SCIENTIST、FINANCIAL TIMES、THE ECONOMIST、POPULAR SCIENCE、NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC、SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN 等。这些刊物在国内虽然不易看到，但考生们可以通过INTERNET在网上进行阅读，以熟悉它们的文风、常用的词汇和句子结构。

三、提高阅读的速度

提高英语阅读的速度，靠的不是一日之功，通常需要相当长一段时间的学习及训练。但过，加强英文基础训练、掌握必要的测试技巧和鄙弃一些坏习惯，都会有助于考生们阅读文章是加快速度。

IELTS考试的阅读部分，无论是A类还是G类都是同时测试考生的阅读速度和理解的精确度，考生们既不能为了在1小时的时间内答完考题而单一求快，也不能为了答题的准确性高而不得不放弃回答一些问题。

雅思阅读段落与信息匹配题怎样准确解答

怎样做好雅思段落与信息匹配题是很多考生咨询的问题。小编认为在雅思阅读考试中，雅思段落与信息匹配题是在考察考生对一些细节的把握和理解能力，同时也是在考察考生寻找信息、提炼信息的能力。如果烤鸭们掌握好了雅思段落与信息这类提醒，那么做好雅思段落与信息匹配题也就不难了。

以下是小编整理的关于做好雅思段落与信息匹配题的六个建议：

1、Instead of looking for the main idea of each paragraph, you need to find one piece of information.

考生们不是寻找一个段落的主要意思，而是要搜寻一条信息。有时候这条信息，只是该段落的很小一部分，所以定位关键词则显得格外重要了。

2、Some paragraphs might not contain any answers.

有些段落没有对应选项。这也是在雅思段落与信息中小伙伴们需要注意的一个问题。

3、The same paragraph might contain more than one answer.

有些段落含有两条信息。注意凡是有NB来说明这一点的，一定有一个段落是被选了两次的。

4、It's not usually difficult to understand the question or answer, but it is difficult to find the answer.

其实大家都细节信息的理解都比较容易，难点就在要在文章中找到相对应的信息。文章内容繁杂，而细节信息就那么一点点，所以广大考生们一定要锻炼这方面的能力，多加训练。

5、Do these questions last. By doing other questions first, you will become familiar with the passage, and you might remember where some of the answers are.

对于做题顺序，段落信息配对题要放在最后做，在对于段落已经有所熟悉和理解的基础上，做这类题目更加有效，因为通过其他题目，对于某些内容考生们已经了然于心，寻找也就更加快速了。

6、Look for the easiest information first: questions that contain names, numbers or big/unusual words might be easier to find.

这里说的就是定位关键词的技巧，先从寻找简单的信息开始，定位词足够明显的开始，比如包含人名地名、数字、大写或者一些特别长在文章肯定不会被同义替换的词语。

以上就是怎样做好雅思段落与信息匹配题的六个建议，最重要的是考生要细心，要锻炼自己发现细节、提取重要信息的能力，这种能力是可以在平时的训练当中培养出来的。雅思段落与信息匹配题，只要不粗心，也是比较容易做好的。

篇7：雅思听力解析之出题思路

雅思听力解析之出题思路的分析

雅思听力出题套路一：节奏性让考生有条不紊听题

时间节奏：除了大家熟悉的读题时间之外，每个section之后均有30秒钟读题时间，充分将这30秒依次转移到下个section会有效缓解后3个section的读题紧张性。

顺序节奏：雅思听力共40个题目(共4部分)均按照顺序性原则出题，因此，在读题过程中要清楚了解每道题的考点，为有目的的进行听力做准备，即有效Listen for sth的做题思路;

雅思听力出题套路二：对话逻辑透析答案以哪一个speaker为准

一个简单的对话例子，CAMBRIAGE 4 TEST3 的SECTION1, 问题是length of time in Australia, 当提问者问到 how long have you been in Australia?回答者：A year in Adelaide and six months in Sydney, i prefer Sydney...这个题目很多同学答案会选择6months, 主要原因是只知道悉尼是澳大利亚的城市，却不知道Adelaide也是澳大利亚的城市，在雅思听力中如果有一些地理常识当然会帮助做题，但是如果熟悉对话技巧的话，通过发问者的问题:在澳大利亚已经待了多长时间?我们会很明显逻辑的推出后面回答均是在澳大利亚的时间，故答案为18months或者 1.5years。

雅思听力出题套路三：信号词在复杂专业内容中指引关键信息

在雅思听力中有一些词本身意义并不重要，重要的是其在信息之间起到提示信号作用，如果能对这些词迅速做出反应，就能事半功倍了(信号词主要包含否定词、转折词、并列词及强调词等)。

比如：C5T4S3 Q25-Q27 大家通过原文难看出信号词的重要性。

Q 25 ......But I think they’re much more cautious than that and expect they will start trying to find individuals who’d be prepared to back them with some of the capital they need.

Q27 .....But a more ambitious approach，and one which I think would have more chance of success, would be to alter how they’re running things-the management layers and the processes.

Q28......and I want you to take Box Telecom as an example and suggest some ways in which they might overcome their Problems.

雅思听力section1得分点套路解析

在考察的内容越复杂的情况下，我们就很有必要了解section1制造难度的方式，只有认清了套路，才能保证听力考试开场顺利。研究分析，常见制造难度的方式有三：

1, 提升语速。基于答案信息较简单这一客观事实，录音团队会有意提升section1的语速，由此来制造难度，尤其是在答案出现的部分。

应对策略：其一，平时练习时，将音频速度调成1.25倍或者1.5倍速度，如果能够适应较快的语速，那么考试的时候听常规语速时自然就会游刃有余。其二，语境是更加重要的救命稻草，当听到一个比较模糊的语音时，比如题干出现

The story will be judged by: famous ___________

音频中听到一个既像offers 也像authors的音，那么结合语境，authors明显更加贴合本题答案。

2，干扰信息。这是section1非常常见的难度制造方式，在抛出正确答案之前先扔出2个到3个的烟雾弹，等考生摸不到头脑时，再悠悠的说出答案。也有可能先说干扰信息，然后说答案，然后再干扰，不仅是套路，套路中还有套路，考生们叫苦不迭。

应对策略：其一，根据考场经验以及权威备考资料，答案信息基本都是置后的。其二，在平时练习时，就要养成‘较真’的习惯，不单单要听懂答案信息，还要听清楚每一个干扰信息都是什么。长此以往，才不会在考试中被干扰信息牵着鼻子走。

针对section1来说，都是一男一女对话的形式进行，因此在对话开始时，考生就要区分出谁是信息需求者，谁是信息提供者，一般答案信息来自信息提供者。如：一个男生到银行开户，女柜员就会询问相关的个人信息，那么我们的答案一般来自男生的回答内容。

3, 空前实词替换。不单单是section1, 在整个听力考试的填空题中，空前实词替换非常普遍，概率几乎是百分之百。

应对策略：其一，绝对不要在音频中等空前实词，以动词和形容词为主。但是，考生却必须认识该词，只有认识词义的前提下，音频中出现近义词时才能反映出答案即将出现。如果很不幸实词不认识，那么就在音频中定位与之词性相符的词，并在其后寻找答案词。

如：impose rigorous__________(判断出rigorous为形容词)

答案句：you should exert strict controls，其中strict与rigorous词性相符，则判断controls为答案词。

雅思听力词汇：with flying colors

1. with flying colors 成功

A： How did Ellen do on her American History exam?

B： She passed with flying colors.

2. You can bet your life 当然

A： Will Prof. Smith come to class on time?

B： You can bet your life.

a change of pace 节奏变换

You can’t do these chemistry experiments all day long. You certainly need a change of pace.

3. a far cry from 相距甚远

The published book is far cry from the early manuscript.

4. and how 的确

A： She’s a good dancer.

B： and how.

5. a matter of time 时间问题

It is only a matter of time.

6.a phone call away 一个电话之远，愿意过来帮忙。

If you need my help， do let me know. Just remember I am a phone call away.

7. a while back 不久以前

8.all along 一直

I knew it all along.

9.anything but 绝对不

I was anything but happy about going.

10.account for 解释

How do you account for it?

听力

篇8：雅思学术类阅读基本解题思路

雅思学术类阅读基本解题思路

始终的黄金法则，那就是学术类阅读的基本解题思路。

STEP ONE：分析文章后的题目拿到一篇阅读文章，考生应该首先细读题目要求，确定哪些是关于文章结构的题目，哪些是关于文章细节的题目，同时找出题目中的中心词。

STEP TWO：带着问题扫描文章

1．扫描标题考生拿到一篇思学术类阅读文章，首先应该看一下文章的标题，而迄今为止，雅思学术类阅读理解考试中大致出现过下列三种题目类型：第一种是正规标题，始可用来判断文章大意、类型、进而得知文章结构；第二种是主标题加副标题，副标题有时承担揭示文章结构的重任；第三种是无标题，这种考试形式自99 年开在中国考区出现，一般文章较长而且难，但仍然可以在文章第一段发现揭示文章主题的主旨句。考生应注意：描述性标题应该予以忽略；如果文章分几个SECTION 论述，则SECTION 的标题也应该加以注意。

2．扫描全文的分段情况及其他信息。

3．扫描每个段落的首末句，把握文章主题：主题句提示文章每段的主题含意，进而合成整个文章的大意。因此，一定要找出主题句，从而找出这一段的主题。主题句通常是一段文章的首句（当然并非永远如此），寻找主题句的方法可按下列顺序：首句 --→ 第二句 --→中间句--→ 末句注意：如果首句是描述性语句则应该予以忽略通过段落首末句判断段落主题的关键是找准中心词（KEY WORD）中心词最可能是表示主要概念的.名词，一般是句子的主语和宾语；表明状态的动词；表示程度高低、范围大小、肯定或否定的副词；中心词会在题目及原文中以同义词形式大量出现。比如：famous - prestigious;restructure delayer.

4．扫描连接上下文的信号词。

5．扫描文章文章中是否有图表或示意图这些图表一般包含了一些有关回答问题的信息，因此可以先对这些图表做一扫描，了解其内容从而加快答题速度，不然的话，就可能陷在文章中四处找寻答案而乱无头绪。但应注意，一般照片、地图、漫画可以予以忽略。STEP THREE：以问题为中心，通过上述扫描工作，找出文章中对应的中心词，从而定位正确答案。

篇9：雅思阅读关键词定位

雅思阅读关键词定位

雅思阅读关键词定位真相1：心态紧张，视线模糊

烤鸭心理太紧张了，一味的追求速度，心理想着：快快快!我要比火箭快!于是，紧张的心理，模糊了视线，于是在考场上，阅读的文章，变成了介样：

在原词出现的情况下，特殊词定位，这一步一定要快且准确，快速锁定出题点，特殊词定位必须全拿下;

雅思阅读关键词定位真相2：定位信息不要只停留在题目上，预测原文也可以定位

考试中一定有些题目，是烤鸭看到之后不知道怎么定位的，因为这样的题目，关键词太难画了。如下例：

例：What is the smallest species of Bovid called?

所以，烤鸭们，请记住通过预测答案在文中的信息和表现方式，也是可以定位的哦。

雅思阅读关键词定位真相3：定位不光是找某个词，学霸们的定位其实是在快速扫读原文

同义词组/近义词组互换

词性互转(如loss-lost, confidence-confident)

抽象具体/上下义词的同义替换(如fire fighting tools-- fire engine, helicopter等)

类似summary的高度总结和概括

(以上内容，请具体参阅‘雅思语言’那篇文章)

雅思阅读关键词定位最大真相：定位不到，其实就是实力有待提高，踏踏实实，提升实力

烤鸭们，“路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索”。目光和志向定得长远些，不要想着，我今天学习，明天就要出成绩出结果。要想想，如果坚持学习，1个月后，3个月后，1年后的你会是什么样!加油!

雅思阅读模拟试题

This reading test contains 14 questions. You should spend about 20 minutes

on this task.

To make it more authentic, download the test and do it with pen and

paper.

Read the passage below and answer 14 questions.

Bird Body Language

Birds are becoming popular as pets, but unlike with more common pets,

owners of birds are often not familiar with the behavioural patterns of the

animal which allow them to recognise what the pet needs and wants. For example,

most of us can recognise the behaviour a dog exhibits when he is hungry or wants

attention, but how many of us know how birds go about showing the same feelings?

By learning about the behavioural patterns of birds, its owner can forge a

stronger relationship with his pet. Owners can learn how to read bird body

language, including movements of the eyes, wings, tail and beak. In addition,

the sounds the bird makes can also indicate the mood, desires, and requirements

of the pet.

A bird’s eyes are different from a human’s. While both birds and humans

have pupils and irises (the black and coloured parts respectively), birds have

the ability to control the size of their pupils by enlarging and reducing their

irises quickly. This behaviour, flashing, is something birds may do when they

are angry, interested, or frightened.

A bird also communicates through the use of their wings. A bird may lift or

open his wings as a sign of happiness. But if the bird starts opening and

closing their wings, it may signal anger or pain. If a bird fails to fold its

wings against its body, and instead lets them hang by their side, the bird may

be ill. Healthy adult birds will typically tuck their wings against their bodies

when they are at rest.

D Birds often use their tail feathers to communicate, so an understanding

of this behaviour will help the pet’s owner. A bird may move his tail from side

to side, called wagging, to express happiness (similar to dogs in behaviour and

meaning). Happiness is also the emotion expressed by other kinds of tail

movement, such as up and down. However, if a bird fans his tail feathers out, it

is usually a way to show anger or aggression.

While the bird’s beak is used mainly for eating and grooming, a bird may

also communicate by using beak movements. For example, a bird may click his beak

once as a greeting, and several clicks can be taken as a warning. Birds may

sometimes bite, but it is often difficult to determine the reason behind it –

birds bite as a way to defend territory, show anger or express fear.

Finally, the sounds a bird makes are very important in communication. Birds

use vocalisations to communicate with each other (and with their owners).

Singing is the sign of a happy bird, and many birds love to sing when others are

around. Birds may also purr, though this is not the same as a cat's purr. A

bird's purr sounds more like a low growl, and may indicate annoyance. Finally, a

bird may click his tongue against his beak, and this often indicates a desire to

be picked up and petted.

Questions

Complete the summary below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Part of the body

Eyes

Wings

Tail

Beak

Movement

Rapid change ____(1)____ size of pupils, called ____(2)____

Wings in an ____(3)____ position

____(4)____ of wings

Wings ____(5)____

____(7)____ in any direction

Fanning out

One click

Several clicks Reason

Anger, interest

Contentment

Anger or pain

____(6)____

Happiness

Aggression

____(8)____

Warning

The Reading Passage has six paragraphs, A-F.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter A-F in boxes 9-14 on your answer sheet.NB You may

use any letter more than once.

9) Mentions behaviour connected to a bird’s state of health

10) Describes how birds say hello

11) Compares the behaviour of two different pets

12) Compares humans and birds

13) Discusses the importance of learning about bird behaviour

14) Describes how birds indicate they want physical contact

参考答案

Answers

1) in

2) flashing

3) open

4) movement

5) hanging down / at side

6) illness

7) wagging / movement

8) greeting

9) C

10) E

11) D/F

12) B

13) A

14) F

篇10：雅思阅读的出题规律

雅思阅读的出题规律

1.顺序：雅思阅读考题基本上都是按照文章顺序来设置的;

2.首尾：统计发现在文章首尾句以及首尾段落，约有50%的考题出于此;

3.改写：出题关键字基本都是对文章内容的改写，几乎题目关键字没有与原文内容重复的;

4.图表：通常来说阅读文章中有图表的话，会在此设置相应的题目。

5.名词：名词基本上都是关键字，常常会设置相应的考题;

6.连词：表相似、递进、因果、转折以及比较的连词前后，通常会设置考题;

7.数字：阅读考试中也会出现一些带有简单运算的简答题;

8.下定义：破折号，同位语从句，定语从句，通常会出现相应的考题;

9.举例原则：For example/For instance/Such as等短语前面是考点;

10.特殊字体/符号原则：通常来说如果原文中有出现黑体，斜体，下划线，以及括号()，引号“”等，常常会设置题目。

雅思阅读点拨：掌握英语同义词是关键

一、英语词库，即你是否拥有英语对英语的同义词词库，还是只知道中文的意思，要知道这是国际性的英语考试所以他绝对不会以你做中国试题的思维考测你，雅思阅读就是全文的找答案，可是你所定位的词很多时候不会老老实实地坐在原文里等着你，这就需要你具备英语同义词的能力。

如有一道题目，是T/F/NG，题目是：The Medical reference books in Tang Dynasty range from both academical and

practicalcontents. 这句话的考点词是非常明确的，医疗书是否既包括学术，又包括实践的内容，如果只有其中一个，而不包括另一个，一定是NO。在原文中学生怎么也找不到答案，所以选了NG，你是绝对拿不到高分的，因为在原文中，academic变成了theoritical，然而practical却变成了pragmatic，medial reference books转为了medician texts，在学生应用对应法技巧时，如果没有同义词的积累，这题是做不出来的。

二、你的paraprase的能力，就是改句子的能力，但不是写句子，是让你改。高手都很擅长改句子，换了一句话或几句话来说，但是表达一样的意思。这就是我说的in other words，这个能力在heading list题型里，淋漓尽致地体现了考官的此意图，如题目：The companyemployers show less caring to their staffs. 老板对员工不像从前那样关心了。

原文：The caring image of company has gone.公司关怀员工的形象一去不返了。多么的经典了，所以考官是希望你具备这样的识别能力，可是不做这方面的能力训练，如何能达到这样的识别能力?

三、句子主干的分析，当你通过同义词或paraphrase的能力找到答案所在处时，你要大概的知道这句话的意思，或者你要使用对应法的技巧。可是学生一看到许多单词都不懂，都不知道怎么做了，所以要有分析主干的能力，知道什么是要看的，什么不用看，这里面名堂就多了，老师的经验就充分的体现在这里。

并不是教你看得懂整句话的老师就是很棒，而是教你在单词都看不懂的情况下，仍然能看得懂，这才是最重要的。因为你到了国外念书，每日的阅读量是几百页，而且许多单词对你而言可能都很陌生，如果你把每个单词慢慢的查，每个句式慢慢地分析，你死定了，一天就算你牛，也最多20页左右，而且看完了，也不记得看了什么。这部分是典型的能力加技巧。

四、速度，要有“大义灭亲”的精神，一道题目1分半做不出，一定要学会放弃，告诉自己，一道题目算什么，17道没有了，我还能得6分呢。因为即使是最难的文章也会给学生送分的题目，所以千万要学会放弃

雅思阅读素材：药物研究失败的原因

The Triumph of Unreason

Neoclassical economics is built on the assumption that humans are rational beings who have a clear idea of their best interests and strive to extract maximum benefit (or “utility”， in economist-speak) from any situation. Neoclassical economics assumes that the process of decision-making is rational. But that contradicts growing evidence that decision-making draws on the emotions—even when reason is clearly involved.

The role of emotions in decisions makes perfect sense. For situations met frequently in the past， such as obtaining food and mates， and confronting or fleeing from threats， the neural mechanisms required to weigh up the pros and cons will have been honed by evolution to produce an optimal outcome. Since emotion is the mechanism by which animals are prodded towards such outcomes， evolutionary and economic theory predict the same practical consequences for utility in these cases. But does this still apply when the ancestral machinery has to respond to the stimuli of urban modernity?

One of the people who thinks that it does not is George Loewenstein， an economist at Carnegie Mellon University， in Pittsburgh. In particular， he suspects that modern shopping has subverted the decision-making machinery in a way that encourages people to run up debt. To prove the point he has teamed up with two psychologists， Brian Knutson of Stanford University and Drazen Prelec of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology， to look at what happens in the brain when it is deciding what to buy.

In a study， the three researchers asked 26 volunteers to decide whether to buy a series of products such as a box of chocolates or a DVD of the television show that were flashed on a computer screen one after another. In each round of the task， the researchers first presented the product and then its price， with each step lasting four seconds. In the final stage， which also lasted four seconds， they asked the volunteers to make up their minds. While the volunteers were taking part in the experiment， the researchers scanned their brains using a technique called functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)。 This measures blood flow and oxygen consumption in the brain， as an indication of its activity.

The researchers found that different parts of the brain were involved at different stages of the test. The nucleus accumbens was the most active part when a product was being displayed. Moreover， the level of its activity correlated with the reported desirability of the product in question.

When the price appeared， however， fMRI reported more activity in other parts of the brain. Excessively high prices increased activity in the insular cortex， a brain region linked to expectations of pain， monetary loss and the viewing of upsetting pictures. The researchers also found greater activity in this region of the brain when the subject decided not to purchase an item.

Price information activated the medial prefrontal cortex， too. This part of the brain is involved in rational calculation. In the experiment its activity seemed to correlate with a volunteer's reaction to both product and price， rather than to price alone. Thus， the sense of a good bargain evoked higher activity levels in the medial prefrontal cortex， and this often preceded a decision to buy.

People's shopping behaviour therefore seems to have piggy-backed on old neural circuits evolved for anticipation of reward and the avoidance of hazards. What Dr Loewenstein found interesting was the separation of the assessment of the product (which seems to be associated with the nucleus accumbens) from the assessment of its price (associated with the insular cortex)， even though the two are then synthesised in the prefrontal cortex. His hypothesis is that rather than weighing the present good against future alternatives， as orthodox economics suggests happens， people actually balance the immediate pleasure of the prospective possession of a product with the immediate pain of paying for it.

That makes perfect sense as an evolved mechanism for trading. If one useful object is being traded for another (hard cash in modern time)， the future utility of what is being given up is embedded in the object being traded.

Emotion is as capable of assigning such a value as reason. Buying on credit， though， may be different. The abstract nature of credit cards， coupled with the deferment of payment that they promise， may modulate the “con” side of the calculation in favour of the “pro”。

Whether it actually does so will be the subject of further experiments that the three researchers are now designing. These will test whether people with distinctly different spending behaviour， such as miserliness and extravagance， experience different amounts of pain in response to prices. They will also assess whether， in the same individuals， buying with credit cards eases the pain compared with paying by cash. If they find that it does， then credit cards may have to join the list of things such as fatty and sugary foods， and recreational drugs， that subvert human instincts in ways that seem pleasurable at the time but can have a long and malign aftertaste. Questions 1-6 Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?

Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.

TRUE if the statement reflets the claims of the writer

FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

雅思阅读备考：词汇量的重要性

词汇是看懂一篇文章的前提，也是很多学生非常痛苦和急于解决的难题。从平时的阅读调查问卷里可以看出，很多学生都把“词汇”写在了雅思备考中最难准备的一项和阻碍雅思取得高分的“拦路虎”。由此可以看出，很多学生对词汇有些犯憷，但知道词汇是通往雅思考试，尤其是阅读考试必须跨越的一个门槛。学生们常常都会问要多少词汇量才可以攻克雅思考试?如何在短时间内迅速地提高单词的认识速度和扩大词汇量?哪些词汇可以忽略，哪些词汇必须知道并会灵活应用?下文中，专家就将对这些问题一一解答。

不可否认的是，考生要想阅读考到6分以上，就必须具备一定的词汇量。在这里笔者想提醒的是：雅思阅读考试中难免会遇到难词。正如雅思考官所言，IELTS考试对于本土人士 (native speaker)也是很有挑战的(challenging)，即有些词汇对于English Native Speaker 而言也是生疏的，更何况是英语只是一门外语的中国学生?当然，这也不足为怪，一门语言就是一个世界，而我们每个人的知识又是有限的，因此不要强求和指望基础比较薄弱的中国考生要在短时间内掌握一万或两万的词汇。因为人的记忆有个漫长的规律：记住—遗忘—重复记忆—遗忘—记住的规律。因此，不要把词汇视为通往雅思高分的唯一条件。但对于词汇量比较薄弱的同学，在此提出以下建议：

一、对于备考时间紧凑的学员来讲，单纯地去积累词汇，是个耗时又不一定能够迅速见成效的方法。根据笔者多年的实战经验和教学经验，其实一个学生如果要上6，6.5，5000左右的常用高频单词就可以。而要上7分和8分的同学应保证有6000个或以上的词汇量。这些词汇包括：雅思阅读的高频词汇、及其同义词、近义词或同根词、以及英语中一些常用的固定搭配。

二、避免记忆一些人名地名、专业术语和又长又难或比较生僻的专业词汇，这些词汇并不是雅思阅读考试的重点，可以忽略不计。用一个符号来做一个标记就可以。没有必要把精力花费在这些单词方面。举例：The orbital cortex, the region that becomes active in Goel’s experiment, seems the best candidate for the site that feeds such feelings into higher-level thought processes, with its close connections to the brain’s sub-cortical arousal apparatus and centers of metabolic control.(摘自于剑桥真题的一句话)

在上述句子中所有的有下划线部分的名词短语可以忽略不计，或者是视作一个A、B、...符号，就可以了。是否知道这些词的真正含义并不影响对这个句子的理解。因此，这些词汇不在之前提到的5000,6000词汇之内。

三、在雅思阅读备考中，词汇只需达到认知(cognition)就可以，不要求书写。即使有填空题，那些词也是来自原文，所以只要考试时做到足够认真，就无需担心拼写的问题!故雅思阅读的词汇，与它混个脸熟，认识就可以了，没有必要天天用笔在纸上边发音、边拼写的那样辛苦记忆。

四、英语这门语言是个线性语言。词汇并不是我们理解文章的唯一途径。很多时候，我们发现这样的怪事：我们认识句子里的每个单词，但是就是看不懂句子所讲述的内容。原因很简单，我们只是单个去记每个词的含义，而忽略了：有时几个小词组合成一个新的词组，也可能延伸出与这些单个词本身含义完全不同的意思。如果不认识这个词组的整体含义，一切白费。如：rather, other, than这三个小词，应该是无人不知、无人不晓。但是：rather than, other than呢?又作何讲?二者又有什么区分?又有多少学员可以清楚地区分出来?又如：anything but, nothing but? out of question, out of the question? 而这些词组恰恰又是阻碍学员理解的难点和重点!所以要把注意力放在这些知识点方面!

五、建议考生多收集和积累一些英语中常用的惯用搭配。特别是每个词搭配成短语后，与原来各个单词的意思截然不同的短语。譬如在真题中出现过这样一个词组：have a bearing on…，在许多同学的头脑中知道“bear”这个单词做动词表示忍受;做名词指熊。但是这里这个词组却与这两个意思完全无关，这个词组的意思是：be linked to or associated with。由此可以看出，其实这些固定搭配在很多时候会阻止我们迅速理解原文句子，迅速得出正确答案。

总而言之，同学们要学会把有限的备考时间分配好，就像是把刀用在刀刃上。虽然有人说：你们年轻，有的是时间可以挥霍!可是毕竟备考是个很辛苦的过程。而且次次进考场，再加上学校要成绩的日子越近，心理上的压力就会越来越大。中国有句古话叫做：一鼓作气，再而衰，三而竭!所以一定要认真对待每次备考，注意学会策略和技巧，争取早日拿到理想的成绩!