考研英语阅读理解如何抓住文章主题（精选10篇）由网友“IceQueenSophie”投稿提供，这里小编给大家推荐一些考研英语阅读理解如何抓住文章主题，方便大家学习。
篇1：考研英语阅读理解如何抓住文章主题
考研英语阅读理解如何抓住文章主题
考研阅读主要是对文章的理解，而读懂文章主题，才能整体理解文章，因此抓好文章核心思想，十分关键。
英语考研阅读选材，文章内容都会围绕一个中心话题展开，都会有一定的提示点，帮助读者抓好主题。下面就几点常出现的提示点加以说明：
一、位置法
按照西方人思维习惯，他们喜欢使用演绎法，即先提出重要信息，然后引用材料来论述。考研阅读文章结构大体符合演绎规则，因此，阅读段落首句，对于文章的主题的把握很重要。也有些文章，作者喜欢将文章中心放在段落末句交代，这时，应该注意段落末尾的内容。例，真题Text 1中首段，In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.这段话中，首句提出文章的中心话题----美国大众文化的同化力，后面使用大量文字围绕这一观点来论述。
二、重现法
文章出现较多的或重复出现的事物或观点，往往是文章主要讨论话题，是文章的'主题。在阅读过程中，要注重对话题出现次数的感悟能力，从而判定文章主题。例，真题阅读理解Text 2，多次出现IQ test，文章的核心概念就是在说明智力测验，介绍其测试内容，形式等，并指出这一测试的不足。
三、词汇法
文章主题的阐释，会有一些关键词参杂，如转折词，设问句，总结性的词(therefore, in short, thus, however等)，要通过这些单词的提示来锁定文章主题。
例如，Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.中间虽然有逻辑词but，但是我们可以看出，该段的主题为现在存在着不为大家所重视的字母歧视的问题。
。篇2：如何抓住考研英语阅读主题
想做好阅读题，必须要了解一篇文章的主旨。那么如何抓好英语阅读的主旨呢？帮帮来支招~
据统计，历年的阅读真题当中以文章中的事实细节提问的题目约占60%，以文章中心大意、作者态度、猜测词义和文章信息推断提问的其他题约占40%。因此，我们大致把考研阅读题目分成六种类型：细节题、词汇题、例证题、态度题、推断题、主旨题。其中主旨题是每年考研英语都必考的题目类型，必须引起重视。
一、主旨题识别方法
大纲当中明确要求考生要有理解文章主旨要义的能力。主题题就是要考查考生找到一篇文章的中心主旨的能力，命题形式主要有以下两种：一是直接发问，问中心主旨、论点等；二是要求考生给文章定题目，测试考生对文章理解的程度和概括能力。
A.直接发问的题干问法举例如下：
We can draw a conclusion from the text that ______.
They key point of the passage is______.
What is the passage mainly about?
This passage is mainly about ______.
B.给文章定题目的题干问法举例如下：
An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be______.
Which of the following is the best title for this text?
The best title for the text may be ______.
Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
主旨题解题思路：通过略读抓主题句（topic sentence），这是概括文章中心思想的常见方法。主题句表达中心思想，其他的句子均围绕其展开说明或议论。按照西方人思维习惯，他们喜欢使用演绎法，即先提出重要信息，然后引用材料来论述。考研阅读文章结构大体符合演绎规则。
主题句通常出现在文章的第一段首句，第一段末句和全文末段等地方。常见的情况是文章首段首句开门见山提出主题句，中间加以论述，文末复述首段主题，这也是写作的方法之一。首段末句，也是主题句常出现的地方，在这种情况下，这个主题句不仅是对全文的总结，也是对第一段的总结。
主题句之前通常有表示总结的提示词，如：in consequence, to conclude, in summary, to sun up, in short, in brief;或表推断的提示词：therefore, thus, as a result, accordingly;或表示转折的提示词：but, yet, however等，转折后出现主题句的情况比较多，这种套路的文章，可以叫新老观点对比性文章，文章中出现诸如a popular belief, frequently assemble, universally accepted等词句提示作者将要在下文提出一个与众不同的新观点，那么新观点一定是主题大意，而作者对老观点的态度则是批判性的。文章主题句出现在末段末句的情况较少一些。末段末句往往是事件的结果、结论、启发或影响。
二、情感态度题的把握
一篇文章中作者所持的情感态度，往往也和主题紧密相连。因此要把握文章的主旨，作者的情感态度也必须了解。
每一篇文章都肯定包含作者的某种观点和态度，只不过有的直截了当，有的含而不露，有的通过所用词语的褒贬来体现，有的则需要通读全文，把握主旨才能领会。
1. 题型特点
态度题是考研英语阅读中的一种重要题型，主要考查对文章中作者态度的辨别。作者态度大致分为两种：(1)支持或赞同;(2)中立或客观;(3)怀疑、批评或反对。
2. 题型标志
题干中有attitude或think,believe，deem，consider，regard等词汇，选项中是一些表示态度的名词或形容词。
3. 关键词
可以反映作者观点的动词、形容词等。
4. 命题模式
作者态度题：
(1)The author is most critical of 。
(2)Which of the following can best describe the attitude of the author towards…?
作者观点题：
(1)What is the author’s idea about?
(2)The author believes that 。
5. 答题技巧
1.不要把自己的态度揉入其中，还要区分作者的态度还是作者引用别人的态度
2.当作者的态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者的语言的褒贬去判断作者的态度，如，wonderfully, successfully, unfortunately, doubtfully 等。
3.作者的态度一般与文章主旨有很大关系
4.近年的考试题出现了新变化:第一，提问不再局限于作者的态度，发展到文中某人对某事的态度;第二，不再是明确的否定或是肯定词，strong/complete/entire/enthusiastic;而带有程度限制的词比较客观，常常是正确选项，如reserved(保留的);qualified(有条件的，有限制的)tempered(有所控制的);guarded(慎重的)/ approving(赞同的)
5.某一事是好是坏，作者对它是支持是反对，态度一般都很明确，而带中立色彩的词最不可能是正确答案。问作者态度时，表示“客观”的词多为正确选项，如objective, impartial, unbiased 等;问作者对文中提到的人物或他们的观点态度时，答案多是肯定或否定，支持或反对。如,critical, approval, opposed, supporting 等。还有一点，既然作者写了文章，他的态度就不可能是漠不关心的，因此见到indifferent, uninterested 可以首先排除。
考研英语，无论是文章还是解题思路，都有一些明显命题规律。它不仅考察我们的英语基本功，同时在读懂的基础之上，还要掌握相应的命题规律和解题技巧才能事半功倍。所以希望考生在备考的时候，一定要提早动手，多听一些前人的经验总结和建议，结合自身的情况进行复习备考。
虽然有突破口，也有规律可循，但这并不意味着我们可以一劳永逸、高枕无忧，要知道，想要精通世界上任何一门语言，除非有天生的语言天分，否则偷不得半分懒，只能勤勤恳恳反复练习。一遍不懂读两遍，默念不行就大声念出来，遇到不认识的单词就查，不懂的句子一定要做好翻译工作。
[如何抓住考研英语阅读主题]
篇3：考研英语：抓住考研英语阅读主旨句
考研英语：抓住考研英语阅读主旨句
考研英语阅读理解，常会有主旨句，考生在考试时迅速找到主旨句不仅节约了答题时间，而且提高了英语阅读理解答题的准确性。下面教大家几个找到并利用主旨句的技巧。
主旨题的解题技巧：
第一，因为考生需要读完全文才能把握文章主题，所以在解答此类题时，考生不要急于去找答案，不论它出现在什么位置都把它作为最后一道题来做。在做完另外几道题后，无疑会有助于考生加深对整个文章的理解。
第二，看到文章主旨型题目，考生要着重理解首段或末段，同样，段落主旨题也要重视首末句。这是英语文章中出现中心思想最频繁的位置。
第三，文章主旨出现在中间的'比较少见。这样的主旨句一般兼起承上启下的作用。遇到文章中前后段意思转折时，考生应该提高警惕，它往往是主旨所在。段落中情况也类似。
第四，如果文章中没有明确的主题句，主题思想要通过各段的主要内容进行归纳。这时考生就要着重看各段的首末句。试题中的Title 题也属于该种情况。考生必须通读全文，才能得出答案。
解题中还有一些具体实用的解题技巧：
首先，关于主题句的判断方法。
第一，段落主题句的判断要看该段的第二句或第三句。如果它们是对第一句进行阐述，那么第一句就是主题句;如果是对第二句进行阐述，那第二句就是主题句;主题句也可能出现在末句。当最后一句是对全段进行总结时，该句就是主题句。对于主题句在句中的情况，当段落中出现转折时，该句很可能是主题句。文章主旨所在段落的判断与此相同。
第二，作者有意识地反复重复的观点通常是主旨。
第三，首段出现疑问句时，该问题就是全文探讨的内容，对该问题的解答就是文章主旨。
第四，作者提出文章主旨时，常常伴有文字提示，如therefore，thus，but，however，inshort等等。
其次，选项特点。
正确选项特点：(1)不出现细节信息;(2)不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词。
干扰项特点：(1)一般以偏概全，只是文章的细枝末节，不能涵盖全文内容;(2)出现细节性的名词信息;(3)过于笼统。
篇4：考研英语阅读理解测试题
A history of longand effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, itmay become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowingperiod after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight timeslarger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies ofscale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled.America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans andAsians whose economies the war had destroyed.
It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as othercountries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance provedpainful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over theirfading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such asconsumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreigncompetition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith.(Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July。)Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market America'smachine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though themaking of semiconductors, which America had which sat at the heart of the newcomputer age, was going to be the next casualty。
All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped takingprosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing businesswas failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall aswell. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes ofAmerica's industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filledwith warnings about the growing competition from overseas。
How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back onfive years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americansattribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or theturning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “ Americanindustry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be morequick-witted,” according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard's KennedySchool of Government,“It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businessesare improving their productivity,” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank inWashington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believesthat people will look back on this period as “a golden age ofbusiness management in the United States。”
1. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱbecause_____。
[A]it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal
[B]its domestic market was eight times larger than before
[C]the war had destroyed the economies of most potentialcompetitors
[D]the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus toits economy
2. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980sis manifested in the fact that the American_____。
[A]TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market
[B]semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreignenterprises
[C]machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions
[D]auto industry had lost part of its domestic market
3. What can be inferred from the passage?
[A]It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride。
[B]Intense competition may contribute to economic progress。
[C]The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation。
[D]A long history of success may pave the way for furtherdevelopment。
4. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy inthe 1990s can be attributed to the____。
[A]turning of the business cycle
[B]restructuring of industry
[C]improved business management
[D]success in education
答案解析
1. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱbecause_____。
美国在二战后取得优势地位是因为_____。
[A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal。
它为该目标付出了艰巨的努力。
[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before。
它的国内市场比以前大八倍。
[C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potentialcompetitors。
战争摧毁了大多数潜在竞争对手的经济。
[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus toits economy。
它无与伦比的劳动力规模给了经济推动力。
【答案】 C
【考点】 事实细节题。
【分析】 第一段指出，“二战后，美国就进入了这样的一个辉煌的历史时期。它拥有比任何竞争者大八倍的市场，这使其工业经济规模前所未有。它的科学家是世上最优秀的，它的工人是技术最好的。美国及其民众的富庶是那些经济遭到战争破坏的欧洲人和亚洲人连做梦也不敢想的”。因此利用排除法，确定答案是[A]。
2. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980sis manifested in the fact that the American_____。
上个世纪80年代美国优势地位的丧失可以从美国_______事实中看出来。
[A] TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market
电视工业已经退到国内市场
[B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreignenterprises
半导体产业已经被外国公司接管
[C] machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions
机床业已经自取灭亡
[D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market
汽车工业已经丧失了部分国内市场
【答案】 D
【考点】 事实细节题。
【分析】 [A]选项错误，因为第二段中说“到1987年，美国只剩下Zenith这一家电视生产商。(现在这一家也没有了：Zenith于7月被韩国LG电器公司收购。)”说明它连国内市场也保不住了。[B]选项错误，文中第二段最后一句提到，“在一段时间内，半导体制造业似乎要成为下一个受害者”，可是事实上没有。[C]选项中谈到的机床业已经自取灭亡的说法错误，因为文中提到机床制造业“岌岌可危”(on the ropes)，但是还没有灭亡呢。[D]是合适的，因为第二段第六句提到，“进口车和纺织品横扫国内市场”。
3. What can be inferred from the passage?
从本文中可以推断出哪个选项?
[A] It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride。
在自我怀疑和盲目骄傲之间摇摆是人的本性。
[B] Intense competition may contribute to economic progress。
激烈的竞争会导致经济的发展。
[C] The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation。
经济的复苏依靠国际的合作。
[D] A long history of success may pave the way for furtherdevelopment。
一个长期成功的经历会为进一步的发展铺平道路。
【答案】 B
【考点】 推断题。
【分析】 第三段提到，“所有这一切导致了信心危机。美国人不再视繁荣为理所当然之事。他们开始怀疑自己的商业经营方式出了问题，也怀疑不久他们的收入就会下降。20世纪80年代中期对美国工业衰退的原因作了一次又一次的调查。那些有时耸人听闻的结果中充满着对来自国外的加剧的经济竞争的警告”。第四段提到了“90年代的经济复苏。其中的含义是：在竞争的压力下，美国人在80年代产业结构调整，美国的工业已经改变了结构，消除了滞胀，学会了急智，因此带来了90年代的经济复苏”。因此可以得出激烈的竞争会导致经济的发展。另外三个选项都不合适。
4. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy inthe 1990s can be attributed to the____。
作者似乎相信美国经济在上个世纪90年代的复苏可以归结于____。
[A]turning of the business cycle 经济周期的转折
[B]restructuring of industry 行业重组
[C]improved business management 改善了的工商管理
[D]success in education 教育的成功
【答案】 A
【考点】 作者观点题。
【分析】 在第四段，作者指出，“1995年，美国可以对过去5年的稳步发展作一回顾，而日本还在奋力挣扎。很少有美国人将这一巨变单纯归因于美元贬值或商业周期循环这些显而易见的原因。如今，对自身的怀疑已被盲目乐观所取代”。这里作者实际上对当前美国人的盲目乐观情绪进行了批评，认为90年代的增长是由美元贬值或经济周期的转机等因素造成的。[B]是“Richard Cavanaugh”的看法。[C]是“Stephen Moore”的看法。[D]选项文中没有提及。
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2.2017考研英语阅读理解真题及答案
3.2017考研英语阅读理解练习试题
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篇5：考研英语阅读理解考试题
考试题一：
Watching a child struggle to breathe during an asthma attack is frightening for any parent. So it is only natural that most moms and dads will try just about anything――including spending a lot of money――to keep an attack at bay. Trouble is， more than half of parents are trying strategies that simply don't work and wasting hundreds of dollars in the process， according to a study published last week in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
The report， based on interviews with the parents of 896 asthmatic children in 10 different cities， contained some good news. Eighty percent of parents had a handle on at least one of the triggers that worsened their children's asthma. After that， however， many parents seemed to go astray， taking precautions that weren't helpful “and made little sense，” according to Dr. Michael Cabana， a pediatrician at the University of Michigan's C.S. Mott Children's Hospital， who led the study.
One of the most common mistakes was to buy a mattress cover to protect against dust mites for a child whose asthma was exacerbated instead by plant pollen. Many of those parents then neglected to do what would have helped a lot more： shut the windows to keep pollen out. Another was using a humidifier for a child who was allergic to dust mites; a humidifier tends to be a place where dust mites like to breed. With those allergies， a dehumidifier works better.
Worst of all was the number of smokers with asthmatic children who didn't even try to quit or at least limit themselves to smoking outdoors rather than just moving to another room or the garage. Second-hand smoke has been proved， over and over again， to be a major trigger of asthma attacks. Many smoking parents purchased expensive air filters that have what Cabana called “questionable utility.”
Part of the problem， Dr. Cabana and his colleagues believe， is that parents are bombarded by television ads that encourage them to buy products such as air and carpet fresheners， ionizers and other remedies that are often expensive but medically unnecessary. And doctors may not always take the time， or have the time， to explain to parents what will and won't work in their child's particular case. For example， allergies are usually a problem for older children with asthma， while kids 5 and younger more frequently have trouble with viral respiratory infections. So make sure you understand what's really triggering your child's asthma. And remember， the best solutions are not always the most expensive ones.
注(1)：本文选自Time，8/30/，p67;
注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象真题Text 1
1. What does the study by Dr. Michael Cabana indicate?
[A]Parents are eager to cure of their children‘s disease.
[B]Many parents are wasting money for their children‘s frightening disease.
[C] Many parents fail to find the effective way for their children‘s disease.
[D]Parents feel worried about their children‘s disease.
2. Which of the following is not the trigger of asthma attacks?
[A]Humidifier.
[B]Second-hand smoke.
[C]Plant pollen.
[D]Dust mites.
3. The expression “to keep an attack at bay” (Line 3， Paragraph 1) most probably means ________.
[A]to ease the attack
[B]to lessen the attack
[C]to continue the attack
[D]to prevent the attack
4. Why are the parents in such a dilemma?
[A]The doctors are not responsible enough.
[B]Parents are influenced much by ads.
[C]Parents are ignorant of the disease.
[D]The quality of medical products is not good.
5. Which of the following is true according to the text?
[A]Parents shouldn‘t spend too much money on the children.
[B]The expensive products are not always good.
[C]To know the real trigger of the disease is very important.
[D]Parents often make mistakes.
答案：CADBC
考试题二：
Sleep is a funny thing. We're taught that we should get seven or eight hours a night， but a lot of us get by just fine on less， and some of us actually sleep too much. A study out of the University of Buffalo last month reported that people who routinely sleep more than eight hours a day and are still tired are nearly three times as likely to die of stroke――probably as a result of an underlying disorder that keeps them from snoozing soundly.
Doctors have their own special sleep problems. Residents are famously sleep deprived. When I was training to become a neurosurgeon， it was not unusual to work 40 hours in a row without rest. Most of us took it in stride， confident we could still deliver the highest quality of medical care. Maybe we shouldn't have been so sure of ourselves. An article in the Journal of the American Medical Association points out that in the morning after 24 hours of sleeplessness， a person's motor performance is comparable to that of someone who is legally intoxicated. Curiously， surgeons who believe that operating under the influence is grounds for dismissal often don't think twice about operating without enough sleep.
“I could tell you horror stories，” says Jaya Agrawal， president of the American Medical Student Association， which runs a website where residents can post anonymous anecdotes. Some are terrifying. “I was operating after being up for over 36 hours，” one writes. “I literally fell asleep standing up and nearly face planted into the wound.”
“Practically every surgical resident I know has fallen asleep at the wheel driving home from work，” writes another. “I know of three who have hit parked cars. Another hit a 'Jersey barrier' on the New Jersey Turnpike， going 65 m.p.h.” “Your own patients have become the enemy，” writes a third， because they are “the one thing that stands between you and a few hours of sleep.”
Agrawal's organization is supporting the Patient and Physician Safety and Protection Act of ， introduced last November by Representative John Conyers Jr. of Michigan. Its key provisions， modeled on New York State's regulations， include an 80-hour workweek and a 24-hour work-shift limit.Most doctors， however， resist such interference. Dr. Charles Binkley， a senior surgery resident at the University of Michigan， agrees that something needs to be done but believes “doctors should be bound by their conscience， not by the government.”
The U.S. controls the hours of pilots and truck drivers. But until such a system is in place for doctors， patients are on their own. If you're worried about the people treating you or a loved one， you should feel free to ask how many hours of sleep they have had and if more-rested staffers are available. Doctors， for their part， have to give up their pose of infallibility and get the rest they need.
注(1)：本文选自Time;3/11/， p73， 3/4p， 1c;
注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象：第1、2题分别模仿真题text4的第1题和text2的第2题;第3题模仿真题text3的第2题;第4、5题分别模仿20真题text2的第3题和text3的第5题;
1. We can learn from the first paragraph that ____________.
[A] people who sleep less than 8 hours a day are more prone to illness
[B] poor sleep quality may be a sign of physical disorder
[C] stroke is often associated with sleep
[D] too much sleep can be as harmful as lack of sleep
2. Speaking of the sleep problems doctors face， the author implies that ________________.
[A] doctors often need little sleep to keep them energetic
[B] doctors‘ sleep is deprived by residents
[C] doctors tend to neglect their own sleep problems
[D] sleep-deprived doctors are intoxicated
3. Paragraph 3 and 4 are written to ____________.
[A] entertain the audience with some anecdotes
[B] discuss the cause of doctors‘ sleep problems
[C] show the hostility doctors harbor against their patients
[D] exemplify the danger doctors face caused by lack of sleep
4. By “doctors should be bound by their conscience， not by the government” (line 6， paragraph 5)， Dr. Charles Binkley means that ____________.
[A] doctors should not abide by government‘s regulations
[B] the government is interfering too much
[C] the regulations about workweek and work shift are too specific
[D] law can not force a doctor to sleep while his conscience can
5. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?
[A] Patients should control the hours of their doctors.
[B] Pilots and truck drivers work in safer environments than that of doctors‘。
[C] Patients are facing more risks if their doctors are not adequately-rested.
[D] People concerned have the right to remove their doctors from their positions.
答案：B C D B C
考试题三：
WHAT do you do when everyone hates you? That is the problem faced by America's pharmaceutical industry. Despite its successes in treating disease and extending longevity， soaring health-care costs and bumper profits mean that big drug firms are widely viewed as exploitative， and regarded almost as unfavourably as tobacco and oil firms (see chart)。 Last week， at a conference organised by The Economist in Philadelphia， the drug industry was offered some advice from an unlikely source： a tobacco firm. Steven Parrish of Altria， the conglomerate that includes Philip Morris， gave his perspective on how an industry can improve its tarnished public image.
Comparing the tobacco and pharmaceutical industries might seem absurd， or even offensive. “Their products kill people. Our products save people's lives，” says Alan Holmer， the head of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America， an industry association. Yet the drug giants currently face an unprecedented onslaught of class-action lawsuits and public scrutiny; industry bosses are being grilled by lawmakers asking who knew what and when. It is all reminiscent of what happened to the tobacco industry in 1994.
Mr Parrish advised drug firms to abandon their bunker mentality and engage with their critics. Rather than arguing about the past， he said， it is better to move on， and give people something new to think about. (Philip Morris now acknowledges， for example， that cigarettes are addictive and deadly， and is trying to develop less harmful products.) Not everyone is open to persuasion， so focus on those who are， he said. But changing opinions takes time and demands deeds as well as words： “This is not about spin， this is about change.”
The pharmaceutical industry is pursuing a range of initiatives to mollify its critics， Mr Holmer noted in his own speech. But Mr Parrish suggested that speaking with one voice through a trade association might be counter-productive， since it can give the impression that the industry is a monolithic cartel. And too much advertising， he said， can actually antagonise people further.
The audience was generally receptive， claims Mr Parrish. This is not the first time he has offered his thoughts on dealing with implacable critics. At a conference at the University of Michigan last year， he offered America's State Department advice on improving America's image in the Middle East. So does his prescription work? There has been a positive shift in attitudes towards tobacco firms， if only a small one. But at least， for once， a tobacco firm is peddling a cure， rather than a disease.
GRAPH： Unpopularity contest
Economist; 11/27/2004， Vol. 373 Issue 8403， p64-64， 1/3p， 1 graph
注(1)：本文选自Economist; 11/27/2004， p64-64， 1/3p， 1 graph;
注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象第1题2004年真题text 4第1题，第2题模仿1994年真题text 3第1题，第3题模仿真题text 3第3题，第4题模仿真题text 3第2题，第5题2004年真题text 4第5题;
1. Why is America‘s pharmaceutical industry so unpopular?
[A] Because it， like tobacco and oil firms， does harm to people‘s health and environment.
[B] Because it fails to cure disease and make people live longer.
[C] Because the prices of its products are too high and its profit margin is too wide.
[D] Because it exploits its employees.
2. Alan Holmer is quoted to illustrate that __________.
[A] the comparison between tobacco and pharmaceutical industries might seem ridiculous， or even insulting
[B] the pharmaceutical industries agree that they are similar to tobacco industry
[C] tobacco products do more harm to people than pharmaceutical products
[D] pharmaceutical industries are currently facing lots of problems
3. According to the text， Mr. Parrish gives the following suggestions to drug firms except ______.
[A] To acknowledge the problems and try to do something to improve their images.
[B] Not to react to the public in one voice through the drug association.
[C] Not to care about the past.
[D] To try to spend time and energy to persuade the majority of the audience who are open to persuasion.
4. The word “mollify” (Line 1， Paragraph 4) might mean?
[A] placate.
[B] enrage.
[C] fight.
[D] relieve.
5. What does the author imply by saying “This is not the first time he has offered his
thoughts on dealing with implacable critics.“?
[A] Mr. Parrish has offered his advice to other on dealing with tough critics for several times.
[B] Mr. Parrish has dealt successfully with other critics himself.
[C] Mr. Parrish has given sound advice to drug firms.
[D] Mr. Parrish has been of help to others on critical moments.
答案：C A C A C
考试题四：
The countdown goes something like this： 3) IRS auditor， 2) ex-husband's new 20-year-old girlfriend， 1) dentist. The top three people we most hate to see.
“Let's face it，” says Dr. Lorin Berland， a dentist in Dallas. “Dentistry can suck.” A third of Americans， according to the National Center for Health Statistics， haven't even set foot in the dentist's office in the past year. Berland， along with an increasing number of dentists all over the country， is trying to change that. He wants dental appointments to be less about pain and drilling and more about relaxation， foot massage and soothing aromatherapy.
Spa dentistry， as it's called， means you can enjoy a hot paraffin-wax hand treatment while getting your teeth cleaned. Or you can slip on some virtual-reality glasses and watch your favorite movie. Or you might just lie back and let the scent of lavender and the sound of falling water quiet your anxiety， while a licensed massage therapist eases the crick in your neck. Most vacations aren't this good. In response to spa dentistry's growing popularity， the Chicago Dental Society will teach its first course on the practice at its annual midwinter meeting in February， expected to attract 35，000 industry professionals.
“Some people are born to cater to people， and others have to be taught，” says Dr. Grace Sun， a dentist in Los Angeles who， without benefit of a lecture， offers massage， fruit smoothies and movies. In addition， she provides luxury hotel-style concierge services： while you're in the (vibrating， of course) chair， her staff makes dinner reservations， takes your cell-phone calls， baby-sits， dog-sits， orders in food or does just about anything else you ask.
Dr. Debra Gray King of the Atlanta Center for Cosmetic Dentistry calls her practice “the Ritz-Carlton of dentistry” and in fact sends her “dental concierges” to the Ritz-Carlton Leadership Center for training in client relations. They're taught to squire each patient as he or she navigates the various rooms of the center's luxe 8，400-sq.-ft. Twelve Oaks――esque mansion. Once in the dentist's chair， King's patients can use the attached flat-panel monitor to watch TV， play a DVD or surf the Web. Can't see the screen? No worries， there's one wired to the ceiling too. Noise-reduction headphones block the screech of the drill and play a CD of your choice， and the specially constructed dental chair channels the sound waves from the music into a full-body massage. “The more relaxed the patient is，” says King， “the easier our job.”
Patients are responding. Martha Dickey， a magazine publisher in Atlanta， says a hot paraffin-wax treatment can “change your whole feeling about going to the dentist. You feel like you're there to get nurtured and pampered. It's fabulous. Every one of your senses is taken care of.” If only the offices of the IRS were as pleasant.
注(1)：本文选自Time; 12/30/2002-1/6/， p155， 3/4p， 1c;
注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年text 1;
1. How do Dr. Berland and some other American dentists try to change the image of
dentistry?
[A] They try to change it by facing it bravely.
[B] They try to change it by teaching patients how to take good care of their teeth.
[C] They try to change it by providing new services to help patients feel relaxed and at home.
[D] They try to change it by relieving patients‘ pain with new pills.
2. Which of the following is not a service provided by spa dentistry?
[A] a vacation
[B] spa
[C] massage
[D] dental treatment
3. The expression “cater to” (Line 1， Paragraph 4) most probably means _______.
[A] meet the requirements of sb.
[B] be to sb‘s liking
[C] take sb. seriously
[D] serve sb. well
4. Why does Dr. Debra Gray King call her practice “the Ritz-Carlton of dentistry”?
[A] Because her “dental concierges” are trained at the Ritz-Carlton Leadership Center.
[B] Because her cosmetic dentistry center provides the kind of concierge services luxury hotels like Ritz-Carlton provide.
[C] Because her Center is located in a mansion as large as Ritz-Carlton.
[D] Because her patients are also guests at Ritz-Carlton.
5. Which of the following is true according to the text?
[A] Dr. Grace Sun learned her new practice from the course offered by the Chicago Dental Society.
[B] The author hopes that dentist‘s offices can be as comfortable the offices of the IRS.
[C] The patients like the new services provided by the dentists mentioned in the text very much.
[D] Dental appointments are often associated with relaxation.
答案：C A D B C
1.2018考研英语阅读理解复习技巧
2.2018考研英语完型填空备考试题
3.2018考研英语复习
4.2018考研英语题型
5.2018考研英语
6.2018考研英语真题复习法
7.2018考研英语全年规划
8.2018考研英语作文如何复习
9.2018考研英语大纲
10.2018考研英语语法复习经验
篇6：考研英语阅读理解练习题
Being a man hasalways been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females,but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal ofmale mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girlsdo. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys inthose crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, anotherchance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of ababy(particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram toolight or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost nodifference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent ofevolution has gone。
There is another way to commit evolutionary : stay alive,but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except insome religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays thenumber of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us haveroughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and theopportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the greatcities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity oftodayDeveryone being the same in survival and number of offspring meansthat natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class Indiacompared to the tribes。
For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopiahas arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No otherspecies fills so many places in nature. But in the past 100,000 years―even thepast 100 years―our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did notevolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase todescribe those ignorant of evolution: “they look at anorganic being as average looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond hiscomprehension。” No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyondcomprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be athow far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us。
1. What used to be the danger in being a man according to thefirst paragraph?
[A]A lack of mates。
[B]A fierce competition。
[C]A lower survival rate。
[D]A defective gene。
2. What does the example of India illustrate?
[A]Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people。
[B]Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor。
[C]The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of thetribes。
[D]India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate。
3. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because____。
[A]life has been improved by technological advance
[B]the number of female babies has been declining
[C]our species has reached the highest stage of evolution
[D]the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing
4 Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
[A]Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution
[B]Ways of Continuing Man's Evolution
[C]The Evolutionary Future of Nature
名师解析
1. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the firstparagraph?
根据第一段，做男人以前有什么危险?
[A]A lack of mates. 缺少配偶。
[B]A fierce competition. 激烈竞争。
[C]A lower survival rate. 低存活率。
[D]A defective gene. 有缺陷的基因。
【答案】 C
【考点】 事实细节题。
【分析】 文中第一段提到“做男人从来都充满危险，新生儿男女比例大约是105:100，但到了成年，这一比例基本持平，而在70岁的老人中女性是男性的两倍，但是男性死亡率高这种普遍情况正在改变，现在男婴存活率同女婴的基本一样高”这说明男人的存活率相对是比较低的。
2. What does the example of India illustrate?
印度的例子证明了什么?
[A] Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people。
富人往往孩子比穷人少。
[B] Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor。
自然选择在穷人和富人之间几乎不起作用。
[C] The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of thetribes。
中产阶级的人口比部落人口少80%。
[D] India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate。
印度是出生率很高的国家之一。
【答案】 B
【考点】 推断题。
【分析】 使用事例来证明是常见的逻辑思维模式。既然有事例，我们就需要看到它的论点是什么。本文中提到，“进化意义上的自杀还有一种方法：存活，但少生孩子”。首先“现在几乎没有人像过去那样多育。除了在一些宗教社区，几乎没有几名妇女会生15个孩子”表明了“当今出生的数量同死亡年龄一样变得平均化，我们大多数人的子女数量大致相当”，再一次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会降低了。其次，“印度证明了这种情况。这个国家给大城市里的少数人提供财富，而给其余的各部落居民造成了贫困。今天这种每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同的极其显著的平均化意味着与部落相比，自然选择在印度社会中、上层人群中，已经失去了80%的效力”是为了证明“人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会降低了”，换言之，“自然选择在穷人和富人之间几乎不起作用”。答案应该是[B]选项。
3. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolvingbecause____。
作者认为我们的身体已经停止进化，因为____。
[A] life has been improved by technological advance
技术进步改善了人的生活
[B] the number of female babies has been declining
女婴的数量一直在减少
[C] our species has reached the highest stage of evolution
我们人种已经到达进化最高阶段
[D] the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing
贫富差距间的区别正在消失
【答案】 A
【考点】 逻辑关系题。
【分析】 文中提到停止进化是在第三段第一句“对我们来说，这意味着进化已经结束”。第三段中指出，“在过去的10万年――甚至过去的1中，我们的生活发生了变化，但我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化。因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”，“机器”代表的就是“技术”，因此我们可以判定[A]是正确答案。
4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
以下哪一个最合适做本文标题?
[A]Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution 人类进化中的性别比例变化
[B]Ways of Continuing Man's Evolution 继续人类进化的方式
[C]The Evolutionary Future of Nature 自然进化的未来
[D]Human Evolution Going Nowhere 人类进化无路可走
【答案】 D
【考点】 文章主旨题。
【分析】 文章中在第一段结尾提到“由于大部分差异是由基因引起的，又一个进化的因素消失了。”第二段中说“再一次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会降低了。”第三段提到“但我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化，因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切。”这些都表明作者认为进化机制已不再起作用，认为自然进化机制已不能再左右人口的出生率。在总结全文的第三段时，作者直截了当地指出，进化已经结束。因此可以认为人类的进化是无路可走的。另外三个选项都不全面或者不对题。
[D]Human Evolution Going Nowhere
1.考研英语阅读理解精读练习题
2.考研英语练习题
3.考研英语阅读理解练习题及答案解析
4.考研英语阅读理解如何快速找答案
5.考研英语阅读理解技巧
6.考研英语阅读理解练习试题
7.2017考研英语阅读理解真题及答案
8.考研英语阅读理解技巧全解
9.2017考研英语阅读理解技巧讲解
10.考研英语阅读理解测试题
篇7：考研英语阅读理解解题技巧
阅读的顺序
主要是分三步走
1、先题后文，只看题干，不看选项，避免选项干扰，寻找文章主旨
2、带着文章主旨，阅读全文
3、匹配问题及题型对应的解决方法
下面主要讲阅读理解解题技巧
掌握原则：
阅读的本质是逻辑
反复强调的是重点，重点是考点
考研阅读理解的答案不是选出来的，而是用排除法比较出来的
题型分析
首先，我们应该从考研英语阅读的体裁进行分析，大部分阅读的文章属于议论文。那议论文的核心结构就是论点和论据两部分。阅读题目的题型主要有以下六种： ① 主旨大意题(对中心论点的考查);② 段落推断题(段落论点的考查);③ 例证题(论点和论据关系的考查);④ 态度题(作者或者文章某人对某事物的观点态度的考查);⑤ 词义句意题(对某个词或者句子意义的考查);⑥ 细节题(对文章某个细节事实信息的考查)。明确了阅读题的六大题型，我们就可以针对每个题型来梳理和归纳每类题的解题思路和技巧了。
阅读理解解题技巧
① 浏览题干和选项，标记题干关键词，分析关键词、选项之间关系;
注：在选项上标记大致的中文意思，方便答案和原文对应，更好提高做题正确率;
② 通读文章，把段落分段，提高定位搜索的速度，找出每段的中心句(一般在第一段的段首或段尾);
注：注意每段的过渡句是转折还是顺承，确定定位前后事件、情感的变化，更好把握文章大意;
③ 二次审题，把题干具体定位到文章里，在定位的上方标记答案选项题号，避免在找定位上浪费时间;
注：定位上下不超过3句，超过3句以上就是偏离定位;注意圈画“while、and、but、because”等并列或者转折的词，这些词前后一般都有正确答案的提示或者就是紧跟正确答案的;
④ 把四个选项带入定位，进行判断，注意推理题的标志词“infer、imply、inform”等，在文章中寻找合理依据。
文章中连词和副词是解题的线索
1. 连词出现在文中时，要格外注意，其涉及到逻辑关系的判定。关注常见的逻辑关系会考查以下几种：转折，并列/递近，因果关系，解释关系。
2. 副词出现在文中或选项中，要格外敏感。比如说deliciously ironic 一定不能按字面意思去译，理解为“美味的具有讽刺意味的”。副词修饰形容词表程度，实际上等同于very. 所以应该译为“极其具有讽刺意味的”。此外，当副词出现在选项时，一定要注意范围的扩大和缩小。
细节题
1、题干上有五个W一个H提问。
2、题干中明确会提到的时间、地点、人物或者事物等细节信息。
3、有可能针对文章中的一句话或者几句话发问。
4、题干和选项有可能考察一种因果关系。
5、解题关键：返回原文，准确定位。做题依据一定要紧扣文章本身。
返回原文：
1、可以根据题干所列的地点、时间、人物、事物返回原文。
2、根据出题的顺序返回原文。
3、根据题干中或四个选项中的重点词或同义词返回原文。
4、通过长难句返回原文。
篇8：考研英语 轻松阅读理解
考研英语 轻松阅读理解
阅读理解很关键
翻译的关键在于理解，在于透彻地理解和把握住原文的内容和实质。从某种程度来说，理解英文原文要比用汉语表达困难得多。英译汉试题为5个划线部分，实际上均为5个难句，同时也是长句，这对考生有一定难度。那么，我们应该怎么做呢？
1.快速阅读全文，把握内容主题
了解全文在谈论什么内容，什么题材和体裁，了解各段落的大意、相互关系及总体结构。速度应控制在每分钟100词左右。对生词能猜出则猜出，不能猜出则跳过。考生应知道，阅读速度越慢，对全文的理解程度反而会下降。
2.细读划线部分，分析语法结构
分析句子结构对于正确理解帮助极大，无论该句是简单句，并列句还是复合句，主动句还是被动句，首先应找出主句的主语，谓语动词或宾语成分，注意句子的各成分是否有省略之处，从句与主句的关系是否明确，关联词是否有省略，代词的指代关系是否清楚等。通过仔细分析，弄清句子结构，以及该句与上下句子之间的逻辑关系，通过语法结构分析，基本把握该句的含义。
3.结合上下文，仔细推敲词义
句子的语法结构可以通过我们学到的语法知识分析得出，但对词义的理解却必须通过文章的上下文来进行，英语的确切含义是在某一特定的语言环境中确定的。
英语多长句，汉语多短句
正是因为英语是通过一整套完整的系统性语法结构组合在一起的，那么一个英语句子只要结构完整，作者通过增加限制成分、修饰语以及补充成分可以使得一个句子变得非常的长。比如在往年的考研(微博)英语翻译题中，最长的一句话竟然达到了58个单词。而正是因为汉语是强调意义上的完整，那么一个汉语句子就可以简短而意义深刻，言简而意赅。提醒广大的考生们，在翻译的时候就一定要注意，可以破句重组，化繁杂的英语长句为多个意义紧密相连的汉语短句，而不必拘泥于原文的层次结构。例如：的一道考题。
Interest in historical methods had arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves (参考译文：人们对历史研究方法产生了兴趣，这与其说是因为外部对历史作为一门学问的有效性提出了挑战，还不如说是因为历史学家内部发生了争吵。)
英文原句是个典型的长句，由27个词组成，中间没有使用任何标点符号，完全靠语法结构使整个句子的意思化零为整： less through…and more from构成一个复杂的`状语，修饰动词arisen。在中文翻译中，“产生兴趣”这一重要内容通过一个独立的句子表达，两个不同的原因则分别由不同的句子表达，整个句子被化整为零“…产生兴趣…，这与其说是因为…，还不如说是因为…”
考研复习过程中最开心的事情就是看到自己一点一滴的进步，用自己在成长过程中的哪怕是一点小小的成功来鼓励自己，增加自己的信心和勇气。英语复习虽然很辛苦，但是可以看到自己比刚开始的时候进步了很多。这样，我们会欣喜地发现每一天自己都是崭新的、进步的，这样感觉同样能增加前进中的勇气和信心。最后祝大家在通往成功道路上的每一步都走稳、走好。
。篇9：考研英语阅读理解技巧
阅读理解向来是考研英语学习中的一大难关，阅读材料的广、难、深更是让许多英语考试备考者抓耳挠腮、望而却步。而这个最强大的敌人正是决定我们考试成败的关键因素。因此攻克阅读理解非做不可。
英语阅读理解能力其实就是真正读懂英文的能力，其中包括利用阅读技能读懂文章的能力，并不是运用某些所谓技巧应试的能力。如果只关注所谓的应试技巧，应试能力可能会有提高，但是，阅读理解能力并不见得有质的提高。而如果具备了较高的、真正的阅读理解能力，能够真正读懂文章，同时能够运用某些应试技巧，肯定可以考出好成绩。那么，如何才能提高阅读能力呢?
1、多阅读英文素材，养成习惯
英语考试的阅读素材选取非常灵活和广泛，从商业经济到社会文化再到科普教育等等，而这些阅读的文章往往难度都比较大，要想在考试中自如应对阅读理解必须在平时就多读这类文章，养成一种阅读的习惯，才能在考试中提高阅读速度和理解能力。
2.重视二次阅读，学会总结反思
很多书上要求学生学会分析文章的结构，其实就是要求学生提高逻辑推理能力。在平时练习中，学生做完阅读，唯一可做就是对答案，事实上，纠正答案后对文章的再次阅读往往至关重要。第一遍读文章时，我们应当模拟考试的紧张气氛，尽量高质快速。但，对完答案后，我们有充足的时间再次阅读文章。第二次阅读文章我们的目的不在是获取信息，而是把握文章的布局安排，分析作者的意图。我们必须带着思考再次阅读文章
3.在阅读中练习长难句
几乎每一篇阅读，总有一两句长难句。有许多同学这样分析那样分析，可就分析不出什么名堂。听力好的同学不一定发音好，可发音好的同学一定听力好。同样，能写出长难句的人当然不会怕什么长难句。同学们应当做的是找一本好的语法书，认认真真学习句子结构那部分。英语的句子主干往往并不复杂，只是其粘着修饰成分过多。我们一开始应当学会如何写出简单的基本句型，然后再通过附加各种从句、插入语、非谓语形式，来逐步扩充句子结构。分析长难句与扩充句子正好是反其道而行之，我们必须一步步“砍”去插入语、各种从句、非谓语形式，来获得句子主干。所以只要“欲简之必先扩之”，我们与其寻求各种长难句分析法，不如先学会自己写长句。
4.按题材将文章分类，掌握出题规律
阅读文章成千上万，如何从有限中把握规律才是关键。阅读文章总是按照每套试题四篇文章分布，于是众多学子也就按部就班。可是如果我们把自己读过的所有文章按照主题分类，比如分为校园类、医学类、家庭类、环境类等等，到了考前，再按类别复习这些文章，我们不仅能系统掌握某一类别文章常用的词汇，也能把握该类文章的结构特点和出题规律。最好的方法是，我们一开始就制定分类标准，每做完一篇文章就在其标题后或首句前注明文章的类别，这样到了考前，归纳起来就容易多了。
想要真正快速地提高英语阅读理解能力，关键还在于多读，尤其是多读一些难度较大的文章。利用语法知识解决阅读中的困难，通过阅读加深对语法知识的理解。只有在阅读实践中，有意识地学习、积累，应用阅读过程中所需要的英文词汇、语法知识，才能奠定提高英文阅读理解能力的基础。阅读理解能力不是一朝一夕就可以提高的，关键在于坚持。只要坚持学下去，考研不想成功都难!
篇10：怎么攻克考研英语阅读理解
一、通读全文，注重理解
阅读理解其实主要考的是“阅读”之后的“理解”。 任何一篇文章，若要能看懂它，至少需要两个条件：认识单词和看明白句子。考研词汇大约为5500个，这不是一个小数字，也并非三两天时间可以记住的，所以，考生必须先买一本考研英语词汇书进行系统、长期的学习和记忆。除单词外，有时句子太长也会对阅读造成致命的伤害。这就要求同学们在日常学习英语的过程中，注意长难句的分析，记住一些固定的搭配，熟悉掌握句子结构。例如：
Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response， causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions。
该句子可分三个层次进行分析。第一层是主干，studies have shown that， 第二层是由that引导的宾语从句，该从句中的主干是sex hormones affect the stress response， 现在分词causing引导结果状语，表示以某种方式影响压力反应，从而致使分泌更多的化学物质。现在分词做结果状语相当于so that 引导的从句，该分词结构可以改写为so that sex hormones cause females to produce more of the trigger chemicals。最后一个层次是than引导的比较状语从句，主语male与句子前的female相比较，替代词do代替之前的谓语，将谓语省略，提前do构成倒装。比较状语从句可改写为females produce more of the trigger chemicals than males produce。
译文：对动物和人类的研究表明，性激素以某种方式影响压力反应，使雌性在承受压力时比处于同等条件下的雄性分泌更多触发不良反应的化学物质。
大家切记，英语的句子中，“主+谓+宾”基本与中文一致，是按顺序摆放的，而定、状语经常倒着放，又长又多，比主、谓、宾要难很多。定、状语放好了，句子才能看明白，想看懂阅读理解中的长难句，语法基本功一定要扎实。
二、了解题型
阅读理解的问题基本分为五大类：
1.主旨大意题。
这类题实质考察考生对中心思想的理解，难度不高，具体应对技巧如下：
A.关注各段落首句，尤其是第一段首句，这与西方人思维相关，他们习惯开门见山表达出自己的观点，然后广泛引用材料去论述。因此，一般而言首段的首句构成文章的中心句，而各段的首句构成各段的中心。
B.关注首段末句。有些作者习惯先列出一些传统的观点或先对一些具体现象进行说明，然后提出与之不同的观点或在结尾对现象进行总结，在接下来的段落中继续论述。对于这类文章，如果作者没有提出不同的观点，则最后总结性语句为文章中心，一旦提出不同或完全对立的观点，又在后文中加以论述，则作者提出的新观点为文章中心;如果新老观点均是对同一个结果的论述，那么该论述的结论为文章中心。
C.当不能直接找出主题句时，通常文章中作者给予叙述较多或强调较多的某一事物或某一观点即文章的中心。在题目作答时，可采用中心词定位法，排除不含中心词的选项，对比有中心词的选项，选择最接近中心的选项。
D。如果对选项仍有异议，可把有异议的选项逐个带入文章中，看哪个能更好的囊括文章中心。这是一个检验的过程。
2.事实细节题。
此类题占阅读总分40分中的50%左右，因此十分重要。注意，这类问题与推理性问题截然相反，都可以从原文中找到答案，只不过为了迷惑考生，常常将原文进行改写，换一种说法。所以，照抄原文，一字不改的不一定就是答案，而与原文意思相同的，才是正确的。其基本应对技巧如下：
A.基本原则是以中心为导向，忠实原文为基础，千万不可主观臆断，最好的方法是回到原文的出题点进行揣摩。
B.必须看清题目，尤其是当题目就某一个具体细节并且脱离文章中心的提问。一般来说，细节问题绝大部分是围绕文章中心进行出题，但不排除文中就一些具体的，因果互动现象的内容提问。
3.词汇短语题。
其分值不高，考察范围可分为两类。第一，纲内词汇词义的引申。考察考生对所熟悉的词汇在特定语境下正确含义的理解。一般来说，该词的本意不是解，但是其引申义上仍可以找到本意的影子。第二，纲外词汇词义的推断。
4.推断性问题。
此类题大概占20%左右的分值，总体难度不大，是考生的必得分点。中心导向依然是解题的宏观主线，其关键是忠实原文的推断。其应对策略和事实细节题类似，考生在该题型上的主要失误在于脱离文章主观臆断造成的。
5.语气态度题。
对作者态度的判断是构成阅读理解的两条宏观主线之一。因此，正确辨明作者对所叙述事物的态度，不仅关系到本类题型的解答，也潜在影响到其他问题的正确解答。这类题目主要从作者文中描述事物所用到的形容词，副词，动词等表达感情色彩的词汇入手。当选项不能确定时，再回到原文中找关键词。对这类题型，分清褒贬一般不难，是考生的必得分点。
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