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考研英语翻译比较结构讲解

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考研英语翻译比较结构讲解（精选9篇）由网友“可爱事物研究员”投稿提供，下面就是小编给大家带来的考研英语翻译比较结构讲解，希望大家喜欢阅读!

考研英语翻译比较结构讲解

篇1：考研英语翻译比较结构讲解

比较结构作为考研中一个非常重要的知识点，经常出现在翻译、阅读考点句等很重要的地方。如果不能正确理解比较结构，会出现有些句子理解完全相反或者根本无法理解的现象。因此掌握比较结构的应用至关重要。然而经过基础阶段的学习，大家虽然都对比较结构有了初步的学习和了解，但是很多同学还是经常会被混乱的比较结构短语或句型弄得晕头转向，根本不知道怎么理解、怎么翻译。本文将对比较结构进行分类规整，让大家再也不会被繁杂凌乱的比较结构所困扰。比较结构分为以下两大类：

一、表示两类事物一样时，有以下结构：

1. as... as...：和……一样……

2. as much / many…as…：和……一样多的……

3. no less...than ...(=not any less...than...)：和……一样都……

4. no more...than ...(=not any more...than...)：和……一样不……

二、表示两类事物不同时，有以下结构：

1. more …than...：比……多，比……更加;与其说是(后者)，不如说是(前者)

2. less …than...(=not so much...as...)：比……少;与其说是(前者)，不如说是(后者)

3. not so... as...：是(后者)，不是(前者)

比较结构在考研中的应用比较灵活，如果仅仅是对比较结构的短语死记硬背，那么在考试时遇到句子还是不能理解。因此，对比较结构的分析显得尤为重要。接下来将以真题句子为例，给大家演示比较结构句子如何分析，如何理解。

例1：But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. (第49题)

【分析】

A. 句子拆分：But his primary task is not // to think about the moral code//, which governs his activity, //any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.

本句的主语为his primary task，is not是系动词，to think about the moral code是表语，which governs his activity定语从句，修饰the moral code;any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business是比较状语从句。

B. 词义确定：moral code道德准则;dedicate to致力于，献身于;exploration探究，探讨

C. 参考译文：但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行为的道德准则，就如同我们不能指望商人专注于探讨行业规范一样。

D. 技巧点拨：本题考查的是no more than 的变体not…any more than，这两个结构都是表示两个事物之间的类比关系，由上下文可判断这里类比的对象是his primary task和businessman。该结构表示两者都否定。因此，主句需要否定，译为“他的主要任务不是……”，而且从句里谓语is expected是肯定形式，但翻译时一定要译成否定“不能指望”。

例2：Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool. [1994年第71题]

【分析】

A. 句子拆分：Science moves forward, they say, not so much // through the insights of great men of genius // as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool.

句中they say为插入语;Science是句子的主语，moves forward为谓语, not so much…as…是比较结构;其中，through the insights of great men of genius和because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool为被比较对象。

B. 词义确定：move forward前进，发展;insight洞察力，深刻见解;genius天才

C. 参考译文：他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。

D. 技巧点拨：本题考查的是not so much A as B 这一比较句型。比较的对象是两个介词短语：through the insights of great men of genius 和because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool，是对science moves forward(科学发展)这个事情的两种途径进行比较，即同一事物的两个方面进行比较，所以此比较结构译为“与其说……不如说……”。

综上所述，在强化阶段，要掌握以上两大类比较结构，除了记住这些表达之外，最主要的是要多在例句中对各个表达进行理解记忆。只要能在理解的基础上记忆，做到灵活运用以上短语，那么考生在考试中碰到任何的比较结构时，都不会再出现束手无策的现象，从此比较结构再也不是考生谈之色变的话题。

篇2：考研英语翻译: 比较结构

考研英语翻译: 比较结构

1 Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.

2 Yet their present development is wholly different, not so much because of different people even, but because of the different thoughts that exist in the minds of their inhabitants.

3 If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents.

4 But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.

5 Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.

6 While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.

7 Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.

8 It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other is on the microscope.

9 There is probably no better way for a foreigner (or an Englishman) to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare uses it.

10 These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital information than exist in traditional media.

篇3：考研英语翻译比较结构

考研英语翻译也是考研英语中很重要的一个题型，下面是中国考研培训网整理的考研英语翻译提高笔记，关于比较结构句型的翻译方法。

比较结构

一、as…as…句型

(一)as…as…句型

My parcel is as heavy as yours.我的包裹和你的.包裹一样重。

She is as much interested in music as ever.她和以前一样对音乐感兴趣。

The economic development in our country is as stable recently as formerly.最近，我国的经济发展和以前一样稳定。

考研英语翻译提高(二)not as (or so)…as…句型

My uncle is not as (or so) tall as your father.我叔叔不如你父亲高。

People are not so honest as they once were.人们现在不如过去那样诚实了。

(三)not so much …as…句型

通常翻译为“与其说…不如说…”。

was not so much angry as disappointed.他与其说是生气，还不如说是失望了。(可以理解为：“他的生气不如失望多”，就是说“他更多的是失望，愤怒是其次。”)

The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.海洋与其说是把世界分割开来，还不如说是把世界连接在一起。

Bad writing is caused not so much by mistakes in grammar as by weakness in style.拙劣的写作，与其说是语法上的错误，还不如说是由于文体上的弱点。

考研英语翻译提高 (四)not so much as…句型

not so much as…这个结构相当于“not even…”，所以通常翻译为“甚至不…，甚至没有…”。请注意与not so much …as…这个结构的区别。

He didn’t so much as ask me to set down. 他甚至没有请我坐下。

He cannot so much as spell a word 他甚至连一个词也不会写。

He hadn’t so much as his fare home. 他甚至连回家的路费都没有了。

二、比较级+ than to do…句型

通常翻译为“不至于做某事”。

You ought to know better than to go swimming on such a cold day. 你不至于这么冷的天气去游泳吧。

大学网考研频道。

篇4：考研英语翻译插入结构

考研英语翻译也是考研英语中很重要的一个题型，下面是中国考研培训网整理的考研英语翻译提高笔记，关于插入结构句型的翻译方法。

插入结构

一、副词插入语

Apparently, it is going to rain.很明显，要下雨了。

Fortunately, I passed the examination.幸运的`是，我通过了考试。

Incidentally, your proposal has been put to the discussion at the meeting.顺便说一句，你的建议已经提交会议进行讨论了。

He was luckier, however, because he was only slightly wounded.然而，他比较幸运，因为他只是受了点轻伤。

He is young. He has much experience in teaching English, though.他很年轻，但是他有丰富的英语教学经验。

考研英语翻译提高二、形容词短语作插入语

一般翻译为“…的是，…”这样的结构。

Most important of all, computers create wide communication around the world.最重要的是，计算机在世界范围内建立了广泛的交流。

I slept late yesterday morning; worse still, my bike was out of order.昨天早上我起得晚。更糟糕的是，我的自行车坏了。

Strange enough, he doesn’t know that famous writer.奇怪的是，他竟然不知道那位著名的作家。

三、介词短语作插入语

all in all(总而言之)，as a matter of fact(事实上)，as a result(结果)，at worst(在最坏的情况下)，by the way(顺便说一句)，first of all(首先)，for example(例如)，in conclusion(总之，最后)，in fact(事实上)，in effect(实际上)，in my opinion(依我我看来，我认为)，in other words(换句话说，换言之)，in short(简言之)，to my delight(让我高兴的是)，to one’s amazement(使某人惊讶的是)，to one’s deep regret(使某人深感遗憾的是)，to one’s relief(使某人感到欣慰的是)，to one’s surprise(使某人感到吃惊的是)等。

China, in fact, has caught up with and surpassed the world advanced levels in many respects.事实上，中国已经在许多方面赶上和超过了世界先进水平。

What happen to him, by the way?顺便问一句，他后来怎么样了?

大学网考研频道。

篇5：考研英语翻译: 强调结构

考研英语翻译: 强调结构

1 Perhaps it is humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.

2 Thus, in the American economic system it is the demands of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.

3 Nor is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has such faith in the bottle of medicine, especially if it be wrapped in white paper by a clever chemist,

4 The implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered, but the disturbance of dreaming.

5 It is only in the study of man himself that the major social sciences have substituted the study of one local variation, that of Western civilization, for the study of the whole human civilization.

6 It is when the control over immediate environment is threatened, or violated in some way by other road users that anger and rage result.

7 When I try to understand what it is that it prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one expects, it seems to me that there are two causes.

8 It is animals and plants which lived in or near water whose remains are most likely to be preserved, for one of the necessary conditions of preservation is quick burial, and it is only in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes, where mud and silt have been continuously deposited, that bodies and the like can be rapidly covered over and preserved.

9 It was after reading Adam Smith’s The wealth of Nations that Jim Green became fascinated buy the economic theory.

10 It was not until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment with the doctor.

篇6：考研英语翻译: 非谓语结构

2013考研英语翻译: 非谓语结构

1 This temptation to cover the distance between himself and the reader, to study his image in the sight of those who do not know him, can be his undoing: he has begun to write to please.

2 Twenty or thirty pages of information handed to any of the major world powers around the year 1925 would have been sufficient to change the course of world history.

3 An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law.

4 In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.

5 In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be “morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning.”

6 Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.

7 His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied reengineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.

8 The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc., like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits as new idea.

9 The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world’s rain forest does not seem surprising, considering the huge number of insects that comprise the bulk of the species.

10 Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements---themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.

篇7：考研英语翻译知识句型结构

考研英语翻译必备知识句型结构

作为一项复杂的脑力劳动，翻译有时比创作都难，常常让人觉得绞尽脑汁仍难以满意。任何做翻译的人，恐怕都会有过“两句三年得，一吟双泪流”的感慨。但是，对于考研的学生来说，要在高度紧张的十几分钟内阅读一篇400词的文章并翻译大概150词(5句话)，是没有足够的时间和精力来字斟句酌的。许多考生都觉得：在做翻译时，理解英语已不容易，要用中文表达更是困难。那么，如何才能在考研英语考试中正确地理解英文并将其“准确、通顺、完整”地表达成地道的中文呢?我们认为，对于参加考研的学生来说，除了增加自己的词汇量和文化知识储备之外，还要努力学习一些有关英语句型结构方面的基本知识，这是因为任何英译汉的翻译方法和技巧都是基于对英语句子结构的正确分析和理解基础之上的。任何脱离英语句子结构的翻译都不可能达到“准确、通顺、完整”的翻译标准。所以，对于每位参加考研的考生来说，利用平时的时间认真研究英文的句型结构及其与汉语的区别是做好考研翻译题的最佳捷径，是以不变应万变的完全之策。

一、英语的基本句型(简单句)

句子都是由一些词按照一定的顺序组成的，这种组合是有一定规律可循的。研究表明，英语语句的规律性是非常明显的，它一般是以动词为核心的。所以，按照英语中的动词的类型(五种，即：不及物动词、系动词、单宾动词、双宾动词和复合动词)可以把英语句型划分为五种基本的句型。

1.主语+不及物动词 (SV句型)

【例句】 The girl is crying.

【译法】可以直接顺译成汉语。

2.主语+系动词+主补(SVC句型，“系动词+主补”也合称为复合谓语)

【例句】 The food tastes good.

【译法】可以直接顺译成汉语。

3【例句】 Mike had finished his homework.

【译法】基本上可以直接顺译成汉语。

4.主语 + 双宾动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语(SVOO句型)

【例句】 He bought me a book.

【译法】大致可以顺译为汉语的双宾语结构。

5.主语 + 复合动词 + 宾语 + 宾补(SVOC句型)

【例句】 The professor advised me to read more books.

【译法】基本上都可以顺译为汉语的兼语句。

以上是英语中的五个基本句型，其他的句型都可以看作是这些句型的变体。比如：He put the book on the desk.这句话虽然不能直接归于以上五种句型，但可以把它看作是句型3的拓展。

二、英语中的复杂句

(一)并列句

并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句并列在一起构成，一般由并列连词、连接副词或逗号、分号、冒号等将各分句连接起来。例如：

【例1】 The earth is one of the sun’s planets and the moon is our satellite. (连词and 连接)

【译文】地球是太阳系的一个行星，月亮是我们的卫星。(顺译)

【例2】 She was very tired, nevertheless she kept on working. (连接副词nevertheless引导)

【译文】她很累了，但仍然坚持工作。(顺译)

【例3】 Heavy clouds rose slowly from the horizon; thunder drummed in the distance. (用分号连接)

【译文】浓云从地平线缓缓升起，远处雷声隆隆。

上述并列句都是简单的并列句，都由一些简单句构成。如果在其中的任一分句中加入其他的从句成分，就可以变成一个比较复杂的复合句。例如：

【例4】 While the men worked to strengthen the dam, the rain continued to fall; and the river, which was already well above its normal level, rose higher and higher.

【分析】这是由两个分句(用冒号连接)组成的并列句，各个分句都有自己的从句，所以是一个复合句。第一个分句中有一个while引导的时间状语从句，第二个分句中有一个which引导的非限制性定语从句。其主干就是：The rain continued to fall and the river rose higher and higher,其他都可以看成是附加成分。

【译文】当人们正在加固河堤的时候，雨还在不停地下;河水已经远远超过了正常水位，涨得越来越高了。

在实际生活和考试中，这样的语言现象是屡见不鲜的，比这复杂的句子也比比皆是。考研翻译的一个主要目的`就是要“测试考生理解英语复杂句子结构的能力”。但是，如果考生能够掌握各种基本的句子结构(包括简单并列句和简单复合句)，理清它们之间的层次关系，不管多么复杂的句子结构，都可以迎刃而解。这也是本章写作的主要目的。

(二)复合句

复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句是全句的主体，从句必须由关联词引导(有时可以省略)，是附属成分，但有自己的主语和谓语部分。例如：When I got there they had left for Shanghai.这句话中主句是they had left for Shanghai，从句是when I got there。

按照从句在句子中的功能，可以将从句分为三大类：名词性从句(包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句)、状语从句和定语从句。

1. 状语从句

状语从句的引导词是一种表示逻辑关系的词语，明确表明了主从句之间的关系，可以根据汉语的习惯直接译出，或不译。鉴于状语从句的逻辑关系的复杂性，又是考研的重点，所以后面有专门论述，此处仅举几个简单的例子。例如：

【例5】 She spoke loudly in order that everyone could hear clearly. ( in order that 是表示目的的关联词)

【译文】她讲得很大声，以便人人都能听清楚。

【例6】 Immediately he arrives, I will ask him what happened. (immediately 是表示时间的关联词，相当于as soon as)

【译文】他一来，我就会问他发生了什么事情。

2. 定语从句

定语从句是英语中最重要、最复杂的从句之一。根据与主句关系的紧密性，定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。定语从句虽然看起来都是做定语，但有时却与主句存在某种逻辑关系，特别是非限制性定语从句，需要仔细对待，理清两者之间的关系。

【例7】 Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. (which引导的定语从句与主句是并列关系)

【译文】水是一种清澈的液体，它有很多用途。

【例8】 We can read of things that happened thousands of years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. (where 引导的定语从句与主句有明显的因果关系)

【译文】因为近东的人们最早学会使用文字，所以我们可以知道几千年前发生在那里的事情。

一般来说，定语从句都是紧跟在其先行词之后的，但有时候定语从句并不紧跟其所修饰的先行词，而是被一些其他的词语隔开，成为隔离的定语从句。这种现象在书面语中很常见，是造成阅读理解和翻译的难点所在，也是考研翻译的重点，要特别留意。例如：

【例9】A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you English. (定语从句不是紧跟在其修饰的先行词teacher之后，而是被will come tomorrow 分割，置于句尾，表示强调)

【译文】明天有一位新老师来教你们英语。

对于这样的定语从句，可以依据以下方法来判断：根据先行代词或先行副词来确定先行词。因为先行词一般是名词、代词或相当于名词的词，所以只要在先行代词或先行副词之前找到名词、代词或相当于名词的词，将其代替先行代词或先行副词置于定语从句中便可以验证先行词的真伪。例如：

【例10】We may define chemistry as the science in which we deal with the chemical change in matter as a result of which it is possible to form a new substance.

【分析】该句中的两个which都是定语从句的先行代词，第一个代替science,第二个代替哪个单词呢?正常而言，应该是matter,但事实上代替chemical change。如果你将matter置于从句中，没有因果关系(as a result of)，所以只能是chemical change。

【译文】我们可以把化学定义为关于物质化学变化的科学，化学变化可能会形成新的物质。

【例11】Mike told her the story of the young pilot which I narrated at the beginning of this book.

【分析】此句中的the young pilot 把which与其先行词story分割开，因为如果先行词是pilot，则不能用which代替，只能用who或that。

【译文】迈克把我在书本开头讲过的那个关于一位青年飞行员的故事讲给她听。

此外，定语从句中还有一种较难理解的情况，即：含有一个定语从句的定语从句。这种定语从句被称为复合定语从句，其所含的从句结构多由主语加表看法或意见的谓语动词组成，是整个定语从句的一个组成部分。复合定语从句的主语可以省略，也可以不省略。例如：

【例12】He is just the type I always knew would attract her. (省略主语的复合定语从句)

【译文】我一向知道他正是会吸引她的那种类型。

或：他正是我一向知道的会吸引她的那种类型。

【分析】该句有三个谓语部分，即一个系表结构、knew和would attract,但没有任何连接词，所以可以判断是省略了两个连接词。仔细研究，可知：I always knew would attract her是一个省略掉主语that的复合定语从句，其中I always knew 应该是that would attract her的一个定语从句，完整的句子应该是：He is just the type that that I always knew would attract her。第一个that既是复合定语从句的先行代词，也是复合定语从句的主

篇8：考研英语翻译长句多结构复杂

考研英语翻译长句多结构复杂

从历年考生答题的情况看，英译汉部分得分几乎每年都是3-4分。英译汉之所以难，究其原因是英语和汉语之间的差异太大。既有语言表达方式方面的不同，又有思维逻辑以及文化习俗等方面的不同。这些都造成了理解和表达上的重重困难。英译汉的难点在试题中主要反映在以下几个方面：

1.依赖上下文理解单词和句子。

英语词汇一个词语有很多的词性以及一个词语有很多的意思。因此，词义对上下文的依赖性。因此考生必须十分谨慎，对原文的词义做深入细致的分析，根据语境确定词性和词义。

举个例子：concern这个单词既可以做名词也可以做动词。这就要根据语境去判断。

2.抽象名词偏多

抽象名词是表达抽象概念的名词，它的翻译是非常复杂的问题，需要上下文来确定其汉语意思。翻译时，我们遵循的原则就是把抽象名词转化成具体名词。有时要增词翻译或者改换说法。比如unemployment这类抽象名词。可以翻译为“失业现象”。

3.后置定语长

英语句子的中心词很多受修饰语修饰，最常见的是定语。前置定语一般是由单词充当，较为简单，考生也易掌握。而后置定语则有短语或句子充当。由于后置定语在汉语中是没有的，所以称为了英译汉的又一大考点。

4.长难句多

英译汉试题的划线部分共约150词，平均一句30词，且结构复杂，内容抽象，都是典型的长难句。英语长句主要长在修饰成分上，这些修饰成分可能是词、短语或从句。从句套从句。希望广大考生注意。

近些年，考研英语中翻译的考查更侧重于考生综合运用语言的能力。近些年，考研英语中翻译的考查更侧重于考生综合运用语言的.能力，按照考研英语大纲的要求，考生需要准确理解结构较复杂的英语文字材料。

句子结构是英语大厦的支柱，学会分析句子结构是学好英语的必要前提。英文是一种结构严谨的形合性语言，大部分的英文正式材料基本上是用复杂长句写成的。语法在平时的复习中，也是基础。语法的掌握是为分析句子，从而对原句结构进行精确的拆分服务的。熟练的掌握语法，是准确的翻译句子的前提之一。意群的整体翻译必须掌握重要语法得分点的翻译规律和技巧。众语法中，考生应该重视定语和定语从句，以及定语从句中限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的位置处理、分词和介词短语作后置定语的翻译、状语的翻译定位和顺序、名词性从句的翻译。被动语态、虚拟语气和倒装结构的翻译为关键得分点。同时，能够正确处理否定结构、并列结构的译文句式选择。

经过一段时间的复习备考之后，考生接触过大量的英文材料，具备了一定的词汇和语法知识，许多单词看起来都很面熟，但事实上离真正掌握和熟练运用的差距还很大。因此，虽然说心里明白，其实只是认识英文，并没有完全读懂原文的意义。另一方面，由于考生平时缺乏翻译练习和实践，缺乏对英汉两种语言差异性的认识，往往“只见英文不见中文”或者“只见中文不见英文”，缺乏必要的翻译知识和技巧，所以就会有写不出来的感觉。建议这类考生，认真理解、深入学习已经熟悉的词汇和语法知识，多注意英汉表达方式的差异，掌握一些英汉两种语言相互转化的基本方法和技巧，加强翻译实践练习，以进一步提高理解英文和表达译文的能力。