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篇1:考研英语语法之主谓一致问题
考研英语语法之主谓一致问题
主谓一致是指主语与谓语在数上要一致。把握主谓一致问题,考生主要解决的是对不同结构的主语单复数的认定,进而选择适当的谓语。解决主谓一致主要遵循三个原则:
语法一致原则
意义一致原则
就近一致原则
很多情况下应该综合利用这三个原则来处理主谓一致,在不同情况下可能应用三个原则中的不同原则,具体应用哪种原则应该视具体情况而定。总结如下:
一.谓语动词用单数的情况
1.动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句做主语,谓语用单数。如:
Buying clothes is often a time-consuming job because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the cones that fit him or her.
(1987年考研题)
To understand the situation completely requires more thought than has been given thus far.
2.表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时,谓语用单数。
Two weeks was too long
Five times five makes twenty five
3.一般用and连接的两个单词或短语做主语时候,谓语用复数,但是下面用and连接的主语表示一个概念,谓语用单数:
law and order 法制 soap and water 肥皂水
a cup and saucer 茶杯碟子 fork and knife 刀叉
the needle and thread 针线 trial and error 反复尝试,不断摸索
horse and carriage 马车 time and tide 岁月
bread and butter 奶油面包 the ebb and flow 盛衰,潮涨潮落
如: If law and order not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe.
A. is B. are C. was d. were
答案:A。
4.表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词是复数形式,作主语时候谓语动词用单数形式
Linguistics is a branch of study on human language.
5.有些名词形式上是复数,意义上是单数,根据意义一致原则动词用单数
The chaos was stopped by the police
The news is a great encouragement to us
A series of debates between the lectures was scheduled for the next weekend.
6.用and 连接的成份表示一个单一概念时候,动词谓语用单数形式
Bread and butter is our daily food
Time and tide waits for no man
二. 谓语用复数情况
1. 由and, both …and, 连接的并列主语,和both ,a few, many ,several 等修饰语后面谓语动词通常用复数形式。
Few people know he and I were classmates when we were at college.
2.集体名词police, public, militia, cattle ,class ,youth后常用复数形式的动词
The Chinese people are brave and hardworking
The cattle are grazing in the sunshine
3.当表示民族的词与冠词合用当主语,谓语动词用复数形式
The Japanese were once very aggressive
4.某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人,做主语时候,谓语动词用复数
The rich are not always selfish
5.不可数名词作主语,其前有表示数量的.复数名词修饰时,谓语动词用复数
Three million tons of coal were exported that year
三.谓语动词可用单数,也可以用复数的情况
1. 就近一致原则
这种情况下,谓语动词使用单数还是复数取决于最靠近该动词的主语的单复数,存在这种情况的主要由以下几种可能:
1) 由连词 either…or…; neither…nor…; whether… or…;not only…but (also) ;or 等连接的并列主语
Neither money nor fame has influence on me
Not only you but also he is wrong
2) 在倒装结构中,谓语动词与后面的第一个主语一致
Blocking the open-sided porch, framed by the enveloping fog, stands a tall grave-faced policeman.
Just outside the ruins is a magnificent building surrounded by tall trees.
Although a great number of houses in that area are still in need of repair, there has been improvement in the facili
2. 主语带有(together/along)with, such as, accompanied by, as well as, no less than, except, besides, with, combined with, in addition to , including, together with 等等附加成分,谓语的数不受附加成分的影响仍然与主语保持一致
Professor Taylor , with six of his students ,is attending a conference in Boston organized to compare current practice in the United States with those of other nations.
The president of the college, together with the deans, is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations. (1981年考研题)
3.关系代词做主语的定语从句中,谓语的数要与先行词一致。如:
Despite much research, there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that are not fully understood.
(考研题)
There are many valuable services which the public are willing to pay for, but which do not bring a return in money to the community.
(1990年考研题)
4.一些表示数量的短语与名词连用时候,谓语动词的数取决于名词的数,名词是复数,谓语动词用复数,反之就用单数。这些短语包括:a lot of /lots of; plenty of/heaps of; half of; two-third (three-fourth…) of; eighty(ten, twenty…) percent; part of; rest of ; none of 等等
Two-thirds of people present are women
Lots of damage was caused by the fire
5.集体名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于主语表示的意思和数,当表示整体时候,谓语动词就用单数,当强调集体中的个体时候,谓语动词就用复数。这些集体名词如:army, audience, band ,government ,group ,flock, police, public ,staff ,team ,troop. Crowd, firm, family 等等
The family is the basic unit of our society
The family were watching the TV
The audience was enormous
The audience were greatly moved at the words
6.某些固定结构中主语与谓语的数:
第一组:
a great many + 可数名词复数 谓语用复数
a number of + 可数名词复数 谓语用复数
the majority of + 可数名词复数 谓语用复数
第二组;
the number of + 可数名词复数 谓语用单数
each/every + 可数名词复数 谓语用单数
neither/either of + 可数名词复数 谓语用单数
one and a half + 可数名词复数 谓语用单数
第三组;
more than one + 可数名词单数 谓语用单数 many a + 可数名词单数 谓语用单数
第四组;
the greater
篇2:考研英语语法精要 主谓一致
考研英语语法精要 主谓一致
十一、主谓一致问题
主谓一致是指主语与谓语在数上要一致。把握主谓一致问题,考生主要解决的是对不同结构的'主语单复数的认定,进而选择适当的谓语。
1.主谓一致常出现在主谓倒装结构中。如:
Just outside the ruins is a magnificent building surrounded by tall trees.
Although a great number of houses in that area are still in need of repair, there has been improvement in the facilities.
2.主语与谓语之间有定语从句或其他结构修饰,所以距离较远,考生易误认主语。如:
The amount of pressure which the materials are subject to affects the quality of the products.
3.关系代词做主语的定语从句中,谓语的数要与先行词一致。如:
Despite much research, there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that are not fully understood.
There are many valuable services which the public are willing to pay for, but which do not bring a return in money to the community.
4.动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句做主语,谓语用单数。如:
Buying clothes is often a time-consuming job because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her.
To understand the situation completely requires more thought than has been given thus far.
5.主语带有(together/along)with, such as, as well as, accompanied by, including, rather than 等附加成分, 谓语的数不受附加成分的影响。如:
The president of the college, together with the deans, is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations.
6.表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时,谓语用单数。
7.某些固定结构中谓语的数:
a great many + 可数名词复数 谓语用复数
many a + 可数名词单数 谓语用单数
a number of +可数名词复数 谓语用复数
the number of +可数名词复数 谓语用单数
the majority of +可数名词复数 谓语用复数
each/every +可数名词单数 谓语用单数
neither/either of +可数名词复数 谓语用单数
more than one +可数名词单数 谓语用单数
one and a half +可数名词复数 谓语用单数
the greater part of
a large proportion of
50% of
谓语的数与of后面的名词一致
one third of
plenty of
the rest of
大学网考研频道。篇3:英语语法之主谓一致解析
英语语法之主谓一致解析
一.概念:
主谓一致是指:
1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,
一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。例如:
There is much water in the thermos.
但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
二.相关精讲
1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,例如:
Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。
注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的`两个词前只有一个冠词。例如:
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。
典型例题
The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案B. 注:先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。
2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则
1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如:
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩,二十三个女孩。
2)当either… or… 与neither… nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如:
Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。
3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致
当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如:
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。
He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。
4. 谓语需用单数的情况
1)代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时,或主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。例如:
Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。
There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。
2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。例如:
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。
3)表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。例如:
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三个星期来做准备。
Ten yuan is enough. 十元够了。
5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数
1)代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如:
All is right. 一切顺利。
篇4:英语语法之主谓一致总结
英语语法之主谓一致总结
几个容易弄错的主谓一致问题
1.“many a +名词”和“more than one +名词”作主语
谓语动词的数通常用单数(即遵循语法一致的原则):
Many a child was playing there. 很多小孩在那儿玩。
More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一个学生考试未及格。
2. each 用于复数名词后作同位语
此时谓语动词用复数:
They each have an English-Chinese dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英汉词典。
The young people each carry a big bag. 这些年轻人个个背着一个大袋子。
3. 主语后接in addition to, with, along with, together with, except, but等介词
其后的动词形式取决介词前主语:
Nothing but trees was to be seen. 除了树木之外什么也看不见。
No one except my parents knows anything about this. 除我父母外没人知道此事。
Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film. 吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影。
4. means作主语
名词means(方法)单数与复数同形,用作主语时,其谓语的单复数要视具体含义而定(尤其注意其前的修饰语):
These means are very good. 这些方法很好。
Such a means is really unpleasant. 这样的方法确实是令人不愉快。
若没有特定的修饰语或语境,则用单数或复数谓语均可:
There is [are] no good means. 没有好的方法。
Are [Is] there any other means of doing it? 做这事还有其他的什么办法吗?
初中英语学习口诀:初中英语初中英语语法学习口诀
“顺口溜”的特有韵律会使抽象、烦琐的词语和语法知识、规则化难为易,便于记忆,增强了学生的学习热情和学习信心,学生的学习成绩会直线上升,有的记忆深刻,甚至会终生难忘。
如:
1.最初的简单动词的学习。
来是come,去是go。点头yes,摇头no。再见要用goodbye,谢谢要说thank you。
2.关于Be的用法:BTH
我用am,你用 are,is用在他、她、它,凡是复数都用are。不能错来,不能差。
3.关于冠词的使用:BTH
不见原因(元音),别施恩(n)。
4.不用冠词的部分情况:BTH
季节、月份、节假日,三餐、球类和星期。
5.以-fe结尾变复数只加s的单词:
gulf roof chief serf blief proof handkerchief
海湾边,屋顶上,首领奴仆两相望,谁说他们无信仰,证据写在手帕上。
6.复习以-f (e)结尾的名词变复数:
leaf half self wife knife shelf wolf
thief
树叶半数自己黄,妻子拿刀去割粮,
架后窜出一只狼,就像强盗逃命忙。
7.关于以o 结尾的单词变复数加es的情况:
Negro hero tomato potato
黑人英雄吃土豆和西红柿。
8.关于非延续性动词:
begin leave go borrow come return join die buy arrive
开始离去,借来还,出生入死,买到家。
9.过去时:
过去时的句子变化口诀:过去时,时过去。过去事态是否是,过去时间是标志。否定句很简单,did之后not添。疑问句也不难,did置于主语前。过去置于动词前,谓语动词需还原。
巧记动词过去时形式-ed的变化:
(1)变化规则:动词变化很好记,一般末尾加-ed。如果词尾e有个紧跟其后加个d。辅音字母加y,要y把变i,特殊变化有熟记,保你一定考第一。
(2)读音规则:
清(清辅音)读清[t],浊读浊[d],[t][d]后面读[id]。
10.关于基数词的书写:
基数词不难记,12以内词各异,13数到19级,teen莫丢弃。20、30到90, 尾随ty是整十,说到几使几,中有 “—”要强记,遇到整百要警惕。
11.关于基数词变序数词:
基变序,有规律,123肩靠肩。8去e,9去t, ve要用f替,辅(音)后y, y→ie,th结尾莫大意,若遇数字几十几,只变个位就可以。
12.修饰名词的大致词序排列:
(A.)美圆小旧黄,法国木书房。“美” 代表描述性的词, “圆”代表形状, “小” 代表大小, “旧” 代表新旧、年龄, “黄” 代表颜色, “法国” 代表产地 “木” 代表质地 “书” 代表名词性定语说明用途。如:
(1*.)The first beautiful little white Chinese stone bridge.
第一座美丽的中国小白石桥。
(2*.)A tall intelligent young Chinese officer.
一个聪慧的个子很高的年轻的`中国军官。
(B.)或者用:
县官行令,杀国才;植树苗,大新颜。
县(限定词)官(冠词)行(形容词)令(表年龄的词),杀国(表产地的词)才(材料);植(指示代词)树(数词)苗(描述性的词),大(表大小的词)新(表新旧的词)颜(表颜色的词)。
如:
(1*.)A few new major urban highways.
几条新的主要城区公路。
(2*.)Some sour green eating apple.
一些酸绿的食用苹果。
13.关于被动语态的使用:
动作谁做的不知道,说出谁做没必要。
接受动作要强调,被动语态最为妙。
14.关于五种简单句:
英语句子万万千,五大句型把线牵。
句子中间为动词,后接语是关键。
系动词后接表语,vi独身无牵连。
vt又可分三类,单宾双宾最常见。
15.双元音也好背,合口集中八个位。
辅音共计二十八,七浊一清又八对。
四个连对也包括,有气无声清辅音。
有声无气浊辅音,发音特点应掌握。
16. 使役动词后接动词不定式做宾语补足语省略“to”的特殊动词:
一些动词要掌握,一听hear,二看see watch三感觉feel, make let help[2],再加动词不带to,help是个两面派,其他动词非这块。还可以掌握“八字言”一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch 后只接动名词。
在英语中,为了避免重复,句子中的某些部分经常省略,给考生的理解增加了困难。现对省略现象总结如下:
一、并列复合句中某些相同成分的省略。
1. This beeper works well,but that one doesnt (work well).
这个寻呼机工作正常,但那个就不行。
2. All uranium atoms do not have the same atomic weight. Some of them weigh 234 units,some (of them) (weigh) 235 units,and some (of them) (weigh) 238 units.所有的铀原子并非都有相同的原子量。其中有的重234,有的重235,而有的重238。
二、在when,while,if,as if,though(或although),as,until,once,wheth er,unless,where等连词连接的状语从句中,常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。
1. When (water is) pure,water is a colorless liquid.
水纯净时,是无色的液体。
2. When (I am) in trouble I always turn to her for help.
我困难时总是找她帮助。
3. Errors,if any,should be corrected.
如果有什么错误,就应当改正。(if后省略了there are)
4. Wood gives much smoke while (wood is) burning.
木头燃烧时,它放出很多烟。
5. The letter is to be left here until (it is) called for.
这封信留在这里待领。
6. Henry looked about as if (he were) in search of something.
亨利向四周环视,似乎在寻找什么。
7. She studies very hard though (she is) still rather weak.
她尽管体弱,但学习仍十分努力。
三、当见到“when (或if,where,wherever,whenever,as soon as,as fast a s,than等)+possible/necessary等”时,可理解中间省略了it is(或was)。
1. Answer these questions,if (it is) possible without referring to the book.
如果有可能,请不看书回答这些问题。
2. When (it is) necessary you can help us to do something.
必要时你可以帮助我们做些事。
四、有形式主语it的主语从句可省略that。
1. It seems (或appears) (that) Joe is out,not Jack.
外出不在的似乎是乔,不是杰克。
2. It is an honor (that) I was invited to your birthday party.
我很荣幸被邀请参加你的生日聚会。
3. Its a pity (that) you cant operate a computer.
很遗憾,你不会操作计算机。
4. It is the third time (that) I have come to China.
这是我第三次来中国。
五、在限制性定语从句中可省略作宾语的关系代词whom,which,that。
1. That is the naughty boy (whom/that) we talked about last week.
那就是我们上周议论的淘气男孩。
六、在direction(方向),way(方式),distance(距离),time(时间),times(倍数)等后面所接的定语从句中常省略that,which,in which。
1. The direction (in which) we move a body can be changed.
我们移动物体的方向是可以改变的。
2. The distance (which或that) light travels in one second is 300,000 kilometers.
光每秒走的距离是30万公里。
七、以there be开头的句子,其主语的定语从句常可省略关联词,而there be结构作定语从句时,省略作主语的关系代词。
1. There is a chance Dr. Li will be able to be back for May Day.
李博士也许有机会能回来过五一节。
2. We have to make a list of all the books there are on the subject. 我们必须把所有关于这个题目的书列出一个单子。
八、命令句、惊叹句、部分第一人称的陈述句、部分问句和答句中省略最为常见。
1. Open the door!开门!
2. Why not?为什么不?
3. Why so?为什么这样?
4. Anybody wishing to go?谁愿意去啊?
九、用so,not或其它手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句义。
1.—Can Emily do this work?
埃米莉能做这件工作吗?
—I think so.
我想她行。
—I think not (或I dont think so).
我想她不行。
2.—Did you know anything about it?
这件事你以前知道吗?
—Not until you told me.
你告诉了我,才知道。
3. He has gone. No one knowsswheres(he has gone).
他走了,谁也不知道他去什么地方了。
4. Jenny knows what (is to be done)!
詹妮有办法!
篇5:初中英语语法 主谓一致
初中英语语法 主谓一致
一、主谓一致:主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。 主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语 法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。
语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用 复数形式。
例如:Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。 They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2. 意义一致原则:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。 例如: My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书 20 美元太贵了。
3. 就近一致原则:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。
例如: Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且 他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、 主谓一致常考题型:
1. 单数名词(代词),不可数名词做主语时,谓语用单数形式,复数名词(代词)做主语, 谓语用复数形式。
2. many a+单数名词做主语,意义虽为“许多”,但谓语要用单数形式。 例如: Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。
3. more than one+单数名词做主语,谓语用单数。
例如: More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
4. 表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语做主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。
例如: Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。
Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0 英镑并不太重。
Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0 英里并不是一段很长的距离。 Five minus four is one. 5 减 4 等于 1。
5. 主语是 each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时,谓语动词用单数。
例如: Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。
6. one and a half+复数名词做主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如: One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。
7. 动词不定式,动名词做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:To see is to believe 眼见为实。
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。
8. a/an+单数名词+or two 做主语,谓语动词用单数。
例如:A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。
9. 当主语部分含有 with,together with,along with,as well as,besides,except,but,like 等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如: Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
10. 由 and 连接的两个单数名词做主语时,一般用复数形式,但 and 所连接的并列主语是同一个人、事物或概念时,谓语动词用单数。
这两种情况区分如下: a/the+单数名词+and+ 单数名词,指的是同一个人或物; a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词,指两个人或物。
例如:The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)
The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
11. people, police 等集体名词做主语,谓语动词用复数形式,family, class, group, team 等集体名词做主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,若指一个具体成员时,谓语动词复数形式。
例如:People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。
His family isn’t large. 他家的人不多。
My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。
12. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, nobody, everything, no one, nothing 做主语,谓语动词用单数,
例如:Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗?
Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。
Nobody was in. 没有人在家。
13. each, either, neither, another, the other 做主语,谓语动词用单数。
例如:Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。
14. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如 news, maths, physics 等,
例如: No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
No Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。
15. 由 both„and„ 连接两个单数名词做主语时,谓语动词用复数形式; 由 or, either„or„,neither„nor„,not only„but also„,not„but„,连接两个名词或代词做主语时,根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。
例如: Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.
Not only you but also he is ready to leave.
如果either, each, neither作主语,则动词为单数形式。
初中英语选择题技巧
1、结合语境
结合近几年全国各省市中考英语试题来看,单选题的命题方向越来越注重语境的考查。这类题的特点是,所给的四个选项填入空里,都没有语法错误,所以,同学们只有通过具体的语境分析,才能选择正确答案。
2、情景交际
英语是一门语言学习的学科,学习的目的在于英语。由此,情景交际也就很自然的成为单项选择题的热点。现在的中考单选题“语境与情景”是命题者命题的主要指导思想。所以,同学们在解答这类题的时候一定要在具体的情景下使用正确合适的应答。
3、习惯搭配
单选题经常会考查一些固定短语、固定结构和习惯用法等。对于这类题,就需要同学们在平时的学习中注意积累这方面的知识点,遇到这类题,在理解句子意思的基础上,根据习惯搭配就可以直接选择答案。习惯搭配是解答单选题的捷径。
4、找关键词
有的单选题,在题干中会有一些有利于我们解题的关键词,抓住这些关键词会使我们的问题迎刃而解。这些关键词是我们解题的突破口。
5、分析近义词
在英语的选择题中,会有很多近义词辨析这样的题。这对于同学们来说是很容易丢分的题。做这类题,需要大家学会区别它们的用法,学会分析。:
6、生活常识
有的时候在单选题中会出现一些关于政治、历史、地理、风俗习惯、科技等一些常识的考题。在解这类题的时候,我们就需要借助生活经验以及相关的学科知识来进行推理。
本次整理就到这里啦,祝大家在考试中能金榜题名!
篇6:中考英语语法复习:主谓一致
谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1. 语法一致的原则
(1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如:
He goes to school early every morning.
The children are playing outside.
To work hard is necessary for a student.
(2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:
Both he and I are right.
Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.
但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如:
His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
The poet and writer has come.
(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
Each man and each woman is asked to help.
(4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。例如:
The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
Nobody but two boys was late for class.
Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.
(5) 一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。例如:
A lot of people are dancing outside.
The police are looking for lost boy.
(6)由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。例如:
Is everybody ready?
Somebody is using the phone.
(7)有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:
Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.
Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.
如果这类名词前用了a pair of等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如:
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
My new pair of socks is on the bed.
2. 意义一致的原则
(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如:
Twenty years is not a long time.
Ten dollars is too dear.
(2)有些集合名词,如family, team等作主语时,如作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员,则用复数。例如:
My family is big one.
My family are watching TV.
(3)不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。例如:
All of the work has been finished.
All of the people have gone.
(4)疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。例如:
Who is your brother?
Who are League members?
(5)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时,其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数,谓语动词用复数:名词是单数,谓语动词用单数。例如:
It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.
Three -fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
(6)half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时,如果所指为复数意义,动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义,动词用单数。例如:
I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.
Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.
(7)由what 引导地主于从句作主语时,通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
What she said is correct.
What she left me are a few old books.
(8)凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语,往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
The dead is a famous person.
3. 邻近一致的原则
(1)由连词or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致。例如:
Either you or I am right.
Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.
(2)在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
There are two apples and one egg in it.
(3)as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。
He as well as I is responsible for it.
不但是我,他对这件事也有责任。
(4)以here开头的句子,其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
Here is a letter and some books for you.
篇7:英语语法原则主谓一致三原则
主谓一致三原则
1. 形式一致的原则
一般说来,当作主语的名词或代词是第三人称单数时,谓语动词就用单数形式;当作主语的名词或代词是复数时,谓语动词就复数形式:
如:
(1) He likes skating in winter.
他喜欢冬天滑冰。
(2) Alice reads much.
艾利斯看了很多书。
(3) They don’t live here.
他们不住这里。
2. 意义一致的原则
英语中,有些名词或代词形式上是单数,而意义上可能是复数,这时,谓语动词的形式就须依据名词或代词的意义决定。
如:
(1) People there were very glad to see our team win the match.
在那里的人们看到我们队赢了比赛时都非常高兴。
(2) His family were watching TV when I got to his home.
我到他家时,他家的人在看电视。
(3) Our class are working hard to make ours a good class.
我们班的同学都在努力工作以便是我们班成为优秀班。
3. 邻近一致的原则
英语中,有时几个名词或代词有某些此连接起来一起作句子的主语,此时,谓语动词的形式就须有与之最接近的名词或代词的人称和数决定。
如:
(1) There is a desk and five chairs in his room.
他房间里有一张办公桌和五把椅子。
(2) There are five chairs and a desk in his room.
他房间里有五把椅子和一张办公桌。
(3) Either you or Li Lei is going to be sent there.
要么是你要么是李蕾将被派到那里去。
(4) Are either you or Li Lei going to be sent there.
是你将被派到那里去还是李蕾将被派到那里去?
英语基本句型归纳
基本句型 一:S V (主+谓)
主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.
此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
S │ V (不及物动词)
1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。
2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。
3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who │cares? 管它呢?
6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。
基本句型 二: S V P (主+系+表)
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻
S │V(是系动词)│ P
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。
3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。
4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。
5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮
6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。
8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。
There be 结构: There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。 此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’ 。
试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。
基本句型 三: S V O (主+谓+宾)
此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等
S │V(及物动词)│ O
1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案?
2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。
3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。
4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。
5. They │ate │what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。
6. He │said │“Good morning.” 他说:“早上好!”
7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误。
基本句型 四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如:Give me a cup of tea,please.
强调间接宾语顺序为:动词 + 直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如:Show this house to Mr.Smith.
若直接宾语为人称代词:动词+ 代词直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如:Bring it to me,please.
S │V(及物)│ o(多指人) │ O(多指物)
1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。
2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。
3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。
4. He │denies │her │nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。
5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我给他看我的照片
6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。
7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。
8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。
篇8:考研英语语法重难点精解 主谓一致
考研英语语法重难点精解 主谓一致
“many+单数名词”等结构的主谓一致
主语为many a/more than one/every/each+单数名词或one of/every one of/either of/neither of/each of+复数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例句: Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. (选自1999年Part IV)
分析: 该句是复合句,主干部分是each generation of historians determines anew...,what is significant for it in the past是determines的宾语从句,过去分词caught in the web of...作主语补足语。
译文: 每一代史学家在重新确定那些对他们具有重大意义的史实时,都会受到自身时空的局限。
例句: Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology. (选自2003年Part B)
分析: 该句是复合句,which lies...是修饰subfield or specialization的定语从句。
译文: 每一门社会学科目都有一个分支或专业特别接近人类学。
“each+单数名词”等结构的主谓一致
在each/every+单数名词+and+ each/every+单数名词这一结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例句: Every boy and every girl has a right to be educated in our country, whether his/her family is rich or poor.
分析: 该句是并列句,whether his family is rich or poor这一分句表示让步。
译文: 在我国,无论男孩女孩都有权利接受教育,不管家庭贫穷与否。
“a lot of+不可数名词(复数名词)”等结构的主谓一致
a lot of/lots of/heaps of/a load of/loads of/the rest/the last/half of/part of/enough of/a great (good) deal of+ 不可数名词 + 单数谓语动词
复数名词 + 复数谓语动词
例句: A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so?called digital divide―the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor.
(选自2001年Text 2)
分析: 该句是简单句,破折号后内容是对其前内容的进一步解释说明。
译文: 今天,人们十分关注所谓的信息差异问题――也就是把世界上的国家分成信息资源丰富国和信息资源贫乏国。
and或both...and并列结构
该结构作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,但由and连接的两名词指同一人或同一物体时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例句: The weeds and tall grass in that yard make the house look as if it had been vacant for quite some time.
分析: 该句是复合句,其中as if后引导的方式状语从句作look的宾语。
译文: 院子里的杂草和长得很高的青草使这房子看起来好像相当长一段时间没住过人似的。
例句: The capacity and efficiency with which your body can perform depends on the degree of development of both your muscular and organic power through regular exercise.
分析: 该句是复合句,主干部分为the capacity and efficiency depends on the degree of development, with which your body can perform是修饰the capacity and efficiency的定语从句,介词短语of both your muscular and...修饰development。
译文: 你的身体所能表现出来的能力和效能取决于你的肌肉和有机能量通过日常锻炼而达到的程度。
数词与表示时间、金钱、度量衡、温度等名词
这类名词作主语表示一定量或总量时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例句: Two years seems a long time for a patient who has to lie in bed, and do nothing.
分析: 该句是复合句, who has to lie in bed, and do nothing是修饰a patient的定语从句。
译文: 对于一个不得不躺在床上并且无事可做的病人来说,两年时间的确很漫长。
例句: Sixty kilograms is a heavy weight for her, so she will try her best to make regular exercises for losing the weight.
分析: 该句是并列句。
译文: 60公斤对她来说的确是太重了,于是她将尽最大努力通过日常锻炼来减肥。
分数或百分比+ of+单数名词+单数动词
复数名词+复数动词
例句: By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non?Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian?American women are married to non?Asians.
(选自2006年Text 1)
分析: 该句是由and连接的`并列句。
译文: 到了第三代,讲西班牙语的移民中,有1/3的妇女嫁给了不讲西班牙语的美国人。41%的亚洲移民妇女嫁给了不是来自亚洲的美国人。
例句: But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.
(选自2002年Text 2)
分析: 该句是复合句,主干部分是the human mind can glimpse...and disregard the 98 percent,分词短语focusing on在句中作伴随状语。
译文: 但是人类的头脑能在一瞥之下发现一个迅速改变的场景,随即忽略抛弃其中98%的无关信息,瞬间定位在蜿蜒的林间小路旁的那只猴子或人群中那张可疑的面孔上。
例句: More than one third of the Chinese in the United States live in California, predominately in San Francisco.
分析: 该句是简单句。
译文: 在美国,1/3的华人居住在加利福尼亚州,主要集中在旧金山市。
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