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篇1：语法系列复习六-----情态动词、主谓一致 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
语法系列复习专题六-----情态动词、主谓一致
情 态 动 词
一、一般疑问句中几个情态动词的问与答
1. Need I/he/…?
Yes,you/he/…must.(不用need)
2. Must I/ he/…?
No,you/ he/…needn’t/don’t(doesn’t,won’t)have to.(不用mustn’t)
3. May I/ he/…?
No,you/ he/…mustn’t.(少用may not)
4. Could(Can)you…?
Yes,I can (不用could)
5. Shall I/she/ he…?
No,you(she,he)needn’t/can’t/mustn’t
二、情态动词表“推测”
1.can,may,must使用的句式：
1)肯定陈述句中：must表“肯定、必定、一定”意，may/might表“也许，或许”意。
2)否定陈述句中：can’t/couldn’t表“不可能”意，may not/might not表“也许不、可能不”意。
3)疑问句中：只能用can或could,不能用must,may或might。
注意：表推测的could,might并不是指过去时间，而是表示比can,may把握性略小些的情况。
2.对目前状态的推测：
1)must/may/might/can/could＋be＋表语
例如：She must be a teacher.她肯定是老师。She can’t/couldn’t be a doctor.她肯定不是医生。 He may not/might not be a doctor.他可能不是医生。
2)must/may/might/can/could＋一些不能用于进行时的静态动词(如:have,exist,live,like,hate,own,belong to等)
例如：She must have her own car,for she has a lot of money.
That kind of bird may live in the valleys.
3.对目前正在发生的事情进行推测：
句式：must/may/might/can/could＋be doing
例如：They must be waiting for us.他们肯定正在等我们。
She may/might be doing her homework.她可能正在做作业。
Can/Could he be playing football?他会正在踢足球吗？
4.对已发生的事情进行推测：
句式：must/may/might/can/could＋have done
例如：There’s no lignt in the room. They must have gone to bed./She knows nothing about the film. She can’t/couldn’t have seen it./Can/Could he have been a doctor?/He may/might(not)have been a teacher./They must have been watching TV at nine last night./Can/Could she have stayed in Beijing last year?
注意：will have done句式也可表“肯定/可能已经…”推测意。
例如：He will have learned advanced mathematics,for he knows a lot about it. 他肯定/可能学过高等数学，因为他对此懂得很多。
三、“情态动词＋have done”用法
1.should/ought to ＋have done,意“本应该…”，含有责备或后悔意。
例如：You should have come here a little earlier./I ought to have sent him to school./
2.shouldn’t/oughtn’t to＋have done,意“本不应该”，含有责备或后悔意。
例如：You shouldn’t have watered the flower./I oughtn’t to have scolded her for such a small thing.
3.might have done,意“过去可能做”；could have done意“本能够做”，两者都含有委婉批评或遗憾之意，也可表对过去情况的推测。
例如：He might have gone to Nanjing with Professor Wang.last week,but he was ill.上星期他本可以和王教授一起去南京的，可他病了。We could have finished the work ahead of time.我们本来是能够提前完成工作的。
四、情态动词在反意疑问句中的用法
1.“肯定祈使句＋附加问句”结构，附加问句常用will/would/won’t you形式。
例如：Stand still,will/would/won’t you?
2.“否定祈使句＋附加问句”结构，附加问句常用will/would you形式。
例如：Don’t watch TV,will/would you?
3.Let’s…,shall we? ; Let us…,will/won’t you?
4.含有must句子的反意问句
1)must表示“必须”时，附加部分常用needn’t,也可用mustn’t.例如：He must go with you,needn’t/mustn’t he?
2)mustn’t表“一定不能”时，附加部分用may.例如：She mustn’t leave,may she?
3)must表“一定、想必”推测意时，附加部分主要有下列几种形式：
A.He must be an engineer,isn’t he?They must be writing now,aren’t they?(这类句子问句前部分含“must be…”或“must be doing…”。)
B.She must have a car/live there, doesn’t she?
C.He must have seen the film,hasn’t he？(这类句子问句前部分的谓语为must have done,句子无具体过去时间状语。)
D.He must have seen the film last week,didn’t he?(这类句子问句前面部分的谓语为must have done,句子有具体过去时间状语。)
E.Mother must have been shopping then,wasn’t she?(前面部分谓语为must have been doing。)
5.含有may表推测的句子，其反意问句形式与must表推测的反意问句形式相似。
例如：She may have finished her homework,hasn’t she?
五、几组词语辨析
1.must与have to:must强调说话者的主观看法，have to强调客观需要，表示“不必”意要用needn’t或don’t/didn’t/won’t have to,不能用mustn’t。
2.can/could与be able to:can多用于现在时，也可用于将来时，could只用于过去时，be able to可用于各种时态。表示“过去经过努力而做成(或没做成)”要用was/were(not) able to ，而不用could(not)。例如：He worked hard,but he wasn’t able to pass the exam.
3.will,would,used to:都可表“习惯”意。①will表示不受时间限制的习惯性动作。如：Fish will die out of water./ She’ll sit for hours without saying anything.
②would表示过去习惯性的动作，但不涉及与现在情况的对比。如：He would walk by the river in the morning.注意：would后不能跟表状态动词。例如不能说He would be late for school last year. ③used to表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但这种习惯现在已不存在了。如：He used to get up early. He used to be late for school.
情态动词考点分析
1.－Could I borrow your dictionary? (NMET)
－Yes,of course you________.
A.might B.will C.can D.should
析：B、D意明显不合；A语气不妥，与of course不符。此题Could是表Can意的委婉说法，并非过去时，所以答案应为C。
2.－Shall I tell John about it?
－No,you_________.I’ve told him already. (NMET)
A.needn’t B.wouldn’t C.mustn’t D.shoudn’t
析：B意明显不合用，可排除。mustn’t意“不许、不得”，shouldn’t意“不应该”都不合情景。只有needn’t表“不必”与下文“I’ve told him already”相贴切。
3.－There were already five people in the car,but they managed to take me as well.
－It_________a comfortable journey. (NMET)
A.can’t be B.shouldn’t be
C.mustn’t have been D.couldn’t have been
析：A、B是对现在情况而言，与情景不合。表否定推测不能说mustn’t have been,只有D选项“不可能是”意思切合，时态也对，故为正确答案。
4.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly ，but everyone________get out.
(NMET)
A.could B.would C.was able to D.had to
析：根据题干提供的情景B、D皆应排除。在A、C两选项中，因为根据情景要选一个“经过努力能够”这样意思的词，故定答案为C。
5.I told Sally how to get here,but perhaps I________for her.
A.had to write it out B.must have written it out
C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out
析：A项意“(当时)不得不写出来”，不合题意；D项意“(现在)应写出来”也不合题意；B项意“(当时)肯定已写出来”明显不对。只有表“当初应该写出来”意的C项才合上下文。
6.That young man has made so much noise that he_________not have been allowed to attend the concert. (上海高考题)
A.could B.must C.would D.should
析：若选A。意“不可能已被允许…”与情景不合，应排除；B项不可选；C项意“当时将不会被允许…”也与情况相悖。只有D“should not have been allowed…”表示“当初不该让他…”才合题意。
7.－Can I help you,sir?
－Yes,I bought this radio here yesterday,but it______.(NMET)
A.didn’t work B.couldn’t work C.can’t work D.doesn’t work
析：若选A。意“昨天不响（今天响了）”，不合题目情景；若选B。其意是“当时不能工作（现在能工作了）”，显然不合题；若选C。意为“这台收音机根本不能工作（是废品）”这未免显得武断；只有D表“这台机子不响（有毛病）”意才能合理地表达来找商店服务员的原因。
主谓一致（Agreement）
1.“Either A or B＋谓语”结构，谓语取决于B。
例：Either the students or their teacher dislikes basketball,otherwise they
would take part in the basketball match.
但在一般疑问句中，谓语取决于A。
例如：Do either the students or their teacher dislike basketball?
Is either he or you going there?
这种谓语取决于与其最近的主语现象叫做“就近原则”。
2．“Neither A nor B＋谓语”结构，谓语多取决于B。但现代英语也出现复数谓语，
理由是neither A nor B是两部分之和，为复数概念，故其后可用复数谓语。
例如：Neither she nor I was(或were)fortunate enough to gain extra points.
她和我都不幸未能获得附加分。
Neither you nor he does(或do)well in maths.
3．Neither of…接单、复谓(通常视为单数，但在口语中，从意义上亦可视为复数)
None of…接单、复谓
例：Neither of them is(或are)right.
None of you is(或are)fit for the job.
4. as well as（以及）
(together)with(以及)B＋谓语”结构，谓语取决于A。
“A along with(以及)
but(除去)
rather than
例: as well as
The trainer along with two gymnasts is in the gym.
(together) with
教练和两个体操运动员在体操房里。
All but Li Dong have passed the test. 除了李东所有人都通过了考试。
Nobody but Li Dong and Wang Hong has passed the test.
除了李东和王宏没有什么人通过那场考试。
5. 表示钱数、时间、长度、数学等概念名词其后通常用单数谓语。
例：200 yuan / 500 dollars / 20 minutes is not enough for us.
makes 15.
10 and 5 10加5等于15.
is
makes 5.
10 minus 5 10减5等于5.
is
（以上两数词例，现代英语认为make,are也对。）
20 kilometres is too much for them. 20公里是他们吃不消的。
6. There be 结构中be的形式取决于靠近be的名词，若是单数名词，则be为is/was;
若是复数名词，则be为are/were（即第1条中的“就近原则”）。
例如：There is a desk,two chairs and three sofas in the room.
There are three sofas,two chairs and a desk in the room.
7. a group of…，a team of…后跟复谓、单谓皆可，跟复谓的理由是不止一个人，跟单谓的理由是将许多人视为“一组”、“一队”这样的一个单位体。
例如：A group/team of students are /is cleaning the street.
8. 象school ,class,family,team,group government等这类群体名词，其后谓语可能是单数形式，也可能是复数形式。通常视其为一个整体单位时，用单数谓语；视其为群体成员时，则用复数谓语。
例如：The class are having a meeting. 这个班学生在开会。
The class is not very big. 这个班不是大班。
The family enjoy singing and dancing. 这家人喜欢唱歌跳舞。
The family has only three persons.这家只有三口人。
9. 象police,clothes,trousers这类复数概念名词，其后总是跟复数谓语。the wounded
（伤员）后总是跟复数谓语。
10. 象clothing,news,information,advice这类不可数名词后应跟单数谓语，但它们前面有可数性短语修饰时，也可跟复数谓语。
例如：The clothing is very nice.The news is interesting.
Five articles of clothing are over there.
Three pieces of news were announced on TV.
11.百分数of＋复名＋复谓，百分数of＋单名／不可数名词＋单谓
例：40 percent of the students are girls.
80 percent of the work/the book has been finished.
分数后的谓语形式同百分数。
12. who/why/how/whether/if/than引导的名词从句＋单谓
例：How he got there is unknown./Why she did it remains a puzzle./It’s lucky that he is still alive.
13. A (large)number of＋复名＋复谓。
例：A number of books are over there.
A large amount of＋不可数名词＋单谓。
例：A large amount of money has been spent.
The number of＋复名＋单谓。
例：The number of the students in our school is .
主谓一致考点分析
1．_____either he or I to leave for America?
A. Is B.Am C.Are D.Will
析：由or,either…or, nor, neither…or, whether…or, not…but, not only…but also等连接的并列主语，其谓语动词的单复数要根据“就近原则”处理，因为空白处与he最近，故要选A。
2. No one has finished his homework,________?
A.have they B.haven’t they C.has he D.hasn’t he
析：由No one可知空白处应选肯定式，故可排除B,D。又因为句子表述的意思是“没
有一个人完成作业”，从人数上看是很多人没完成作业，故排除C项，而选A。
3. There comes the bus,_______?
A.doesn’t there B.doesn’t it C.does it D.are there
析：这是一个倒装句，主语是bus，谓语是comes, 所以答案应选B。
4. He is a teacher but his wife is a doctor,_______?
A.isn’t she B.isn’t it C.aren’t they D.isn’t he
析：此题问句前部分含but，重点是强调his wife is a doctor,故问句部分取决于此部分，因此，该题答案为A。
5. They don’t think money is everything,_______?
A.is it B.isn’t it C.will they D.do they
析：如果是“I/ We(don’t)think＋宾从”则反意问句主语和谓语取决于宾语从句，但此句主句的主语不是I或we，而是They,这时反意问句部分的主语和谓语要取决 于主句的主、谓语，所以此题答案应选D。
6. Each soldier and sailor_____given a rifle when the ship landed.
A.were B.was C.are D.is
析：根据when the ship landed,可知应排除C,D.又因“each/every A and(each/every)B”结构的主语后面应跟单数谓语，所以答案为B。
7.More than one person_____involved(卷入)in th case.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
析：要表达“被卷入”，只能在A,B之中选一个，因more than one后应跟单名，单
谓，所以答案为A。
8.He is the only one of our customers who____this kind of article.
A.like B.likes C.are fond of D.loved
析：从时态考虑可排除D。因“the/the only…of＋复名”后的定语从句谓语应该
用单数形式，所以答案应是B。但此题若将the only 去掉，则答案为A。
情态动词、主谓一致专练
1. The possibe____often proved impossible.
A. have B.has C.are D.will
2.Neither you nor I am mad,____?
A.are you B.aren’t I C.am I D.are we
3.You don’t think I am wrong,____?
A.don’t you B.do you C.aren’t D.am I
4.It was Lin Song who broke the rules of the school,____?
A.wasn’t it B.didn’t he C.was it D.did he
5.Bruce must have been in China for a long time,_____?
A.hasn’t he B.mustn’t he C.Isn’t he D.wasn’t he
6.What the teacher has said is true,____?
A.has he B.hasn’t he C.is it D.isn’t it
7.It must have snowed last night,____?
A.isn’t it B.haven’t he C.mustn’t it D.didn’t it
8.It’s the first time that Xiao Qing has been to Tianjin,_____?
A.has she B.is it C.hasn’t she D.isn’t it
9. The trousers_____fit for him.
A.is B.are C.must D.do
10.He rather than Li Ying and Wang Ping____praised by the teacher.
A.are B.is C.were D.was
11.Where is my pen?I_____it. (NMET)
A.should have lost B.must have lost C.would have lost D.might lose
12.A computer____think for itself ; it must be told what to do.(NMET)
A.can’t B.couldn’t C.may not D.might not
13.We_____last night ,but we went to the concert instead. (NMET)
A.must have studied B.might study
C.should have studied D.would study
14.I didn’t hear the phone ,I_____asleep. (NMET)
A.must be B.must have been C.should be D.should have been
15.Be sure to write to us,_____? (NMET)
A.will you B.aren’t you C.can you D.mustn’t you
16.I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning.She____at the meeting.
(上海)
A.mustn’t have spoken B.shoudn’t have spoken
C.needn’t have spoken D.couldn’t have spoken
17.There is plenty of time.She____. (NMET)
A.must have hurried B.needn’t have hurried
C.must not hurry D.couldn’t have hurried
18.You don’t______to go there if you have no time.(上海)
A.need B.want C.must D.ought
19.Sir,you_____be sitting in this waiting-room.It is for women and children
only.(上海)
A.oughtn’t to B.can’t C.won’t D.don’t
20.Tom ought not to_____me your secret ,but he meant no harm. (NMET)
A.have told B.tell C.be telling D.having told
21.It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack_____be here at any moment.(NMET)
A.must B.need C.should D.can
22.Your coat is dirty,_____it for you?
A.Am I washing B.Will I wash C.Am I going to wash D.Shall I wash
23.No one _____that to his face.
A.dare say B.dare to say C.dares saying D.dares said
24.There used to be a church in the east of the town,_____?
A.didn’t there B.usen’t to there C.used there D.usedn’t to there
25._____you be happy!
A.Can B.May C.Must D.Would
26.Put on more clothes . You_____be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
A.would B.can C.could D.must
27.－Why didn’t you answer when I called you?
－I_____but you didn’t hear me.
A.had to B.couldn’t C.didn’t answer D.did
28.I_____that time is more valuable than money.
A.hardly need say B.need hardly say
C.need hardly to say D.hardly need to say
29.I____like to become a pianist some day.
A.will B.may C.would D.shall
30 He_____there now,but I am not sure.
A.maybe B.may be C.may have been D.might have been
31.－I didn’t see him yesterday.
－Oh,but you______.
A.ought to B.should have C.can’t have D.may have
32.－Where were you this morning?I tried to call you.
－I _____ to the library for a while.
A.tried to go B.should go C.must go D.had to go
33.The flower is dead.I_____it more water.
A.will give B.must give C.should have given D.would have given
34.－Does Tom want to go to the film?
－Yes,but he says_____tonight.
A.he’d not rather go B.he’ll rather not go
C.he won’t rather go D.he’d rather not go
35.－Did you walk home by yourself last night?
－Yes ,I did. But I guess I_____.
A.shouldn’t B.needn’t C.may not have D.needn’t have
36.－Do you speak Japanese?
－No,I don’t , but I_____speak Chinese.
A.ought B.have to C.do D.must
37.If you_____quiet ,I’ll tell you what happned
A.be B.will be C.are D.are to be
38.－Look ,it_____be Li Ping.
－No,it____be him.He’s gone abroad.
A.may;mustn’t B.must;may C.must;can’t D.can;may not
39.Professor Wang,many students want to see you. _____they wait here or outside?
A.Do B.Are C.Will D.Shall
40.I can’t find Mr Wang anywhere in the office building.Where____he have gone?
A.may B.can C.must D.Should
41.Wherever you____,there’s no place like home.
A.can go B.must go C.might go D.may go
42.－Don’t forget to post the letter for me.
－I _____.
A.won’t B.will C.don’t D.can’t
43.－Must I take a taxi?
－No,you_____.You can walk from here.
A.don’t B.must not C.don’t have to D.had better not to
44.The bus _____start;I don’t know what to do with it.
A.can’t B.won’t C.shan’t D.may not
45.The car broke down on the way ,but we_____get out of the desert at last.
A.might B.would C.were able to D.could
46.The rest of the lecture_____interesting.
A.is B.are D.maybe D.sound
47.One and a half bananas____eaten by the little boy.
A.were B.was C.have been D.was to
48.The cattle_____still grazing in the fields.
A.was B.keeps C.were D.won’t
49.What caused the accident and who was responsible for it_____a mystery(谜)to
us.
A.remains B.remain C.is D.look like
50.All _____not gold that glitters.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
情态动词、主谓一致答案
1－5 B D B A A 6－10 D D D B D 11－15 B B C B A
16－20 D C A A A 21－25 C D A A B 26－30 D D D C B
31－35 B D C D D 36－40 C B C D B 41－45 D A C B C
46－50 A A C B A
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇2：语法教案：数词和主谓一致
分类说明
一、数词分为基数词、序数词、分数、小数和概数。复习时要注意下面问题：
1．基数词的意义：表示事物数量的多少，特别是hundred，thousand，million等，前面若有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词时，它们只能用单数；
2．序数词的意义：表示事物的顺序，前面一般要加定冠词；
3．分数的形式：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当基数词大于“1”时，序数词后要用复数形式；
4．小数的组成和读法：小数点读作point，小数点前面的数按基数词的方法读，小数点后面的数按数字读；
5．概数
(1)概数的表示：tens of／hundreds of／thousands of／millions of／dozens of／scores of／a number of／a quantity of／a few／a little／a great deal of／a great(good)many
(2)概数的注意事项：
概数前面不能有确切的数字，但tens of／hundreds of／thousands of／millions of／dozens of／scores of前面可有many，several，some等修饰词：tens of／hundreds of／thousands of／millions of／dozens of／sc0Iles of／a number of／a few／a great(good)many一般只修饰可数名词复数；
a little／a great deal of只修饰不可数名词；
a quantity of／a lot of／lots of／plenty of既可修饰可数名词复数，又可修饰不可数名词；
few／little形式上是肯定，而意义上是否定；a few／a little才表示肯定的意义。
6．倍数的表示：
(1)倍数(twice，…times)+as+形容词原级+as．．．
(2)倍数+形容词的比较级+than．．．
(3)倍数+the+ n．(size／length／height／width／weight)+of
二．主谓一致 、
1．主谓一致的原则：形式一致；内容一致；就近一致。
2．主谓一致的特例： ．
(1)代词作主语 ’
A．主语是he，she，it，either，neither，each，one，the other，another，anything，anyone，something，someone，somebody，everybody，everyone，everything，nobody，no one，nothing等代词时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
B．主语是I(除be动词用am外)，you，we，they时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。
C．主语是who，what，which，all，more，most，some，any，none，the rest．the remainder时，谓语动词的形式应依具体情况而定。
(2)名词作主语
A．一般说来，不可数名词及可数名词的单数作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
B．表示总称意义的名词public，people(人们，人民)，cattle，police，youth作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。
C．主语是board，family，class，team，group，crowd，audience，company，crew，committee，enemy，government，herd，jury，party等名词时，如果是作为整体，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；如果作为其中一个个的成员，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。
D. 主语是时间、距离、价格、度量衡单位等名词或短语时，即使是复数，谓语动词也只能用第三人称单数形式。
E．主语是news，politics，physics，plastics，mathematics等名词时，谓语动词也只能用第三人称单数形式。
F．主语若是书名，剧名，报刊、杂志名称或国家、单位名称时，即使名词是复数形式，谓语动词也只能用第三人称单数形式。
G．在算式里，主语是数词时，谓语动词也只能用第三人称单数形式。
H．主语是clothes，compasses，goods，glasses，trousers，scissors，shoes，socks，gloves等名词时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。
I．主语是a lot of，lots of，plenty，百分比of+名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照名词的数而确定。
J．主语是kind of，type of，pair of，amount of，quantity of+名词时，谓语动词的形式v须依照kind，type，amount，pair，quantity的数而确定。
K．主语是the number of+名词的复数时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
L主语是a number of+名词复数时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。
M．主语是a／the population时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
N．主语是分数+population时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。
O．主语是means，works，sheep，fish，Japanese，Chinese等名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照它们在句中的意义来确定。
P．用引号引起来的词、短语、句子作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。
(3)两个或两个以上的名词连在一起作主语
A．and，both…and连接名词或代词作主语，谓语一般用复数形式。
B．and连接的两个成对的名词，如bread and butter；soda and water；coffee and water；aim and end；salt and water等，虽有and连接，但仍表示单一的概念，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。
C．and连接的两个名词若是指同一个人，即：and前的名词前有冠词，而and后面的名词前没有冠词。谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。
D．and所连接的两个名词前分别有：every，each，no，many a等修饰时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。，
E．主语是连接词or，either．．．or…，neither．．．nor．．．，whether．．．or…，not…but…，not only…but also…等连接的名词或代词时，谓语动词的形式应由与之最接近的名词或代词决定。
F．主语是介词in，out of，with，except，besides，without，as well as，no less than，rather than，more than，but，along with，together with，like，including，in addition to等连接的两个名词时，谓语动词的形式应与这些词前面的名词的数保持一致。
G．one and a half+名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
H．many a+名词单数；more than one+名词单数；a+名词单数+or two等作句子的主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
I．one or two+名词复数作句子的主语时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。
(4)The+形容词作主语
A．The+形容词指人作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称复数形式。
B．The+形容词指抽象概念作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
(5)主语是句子、短语
A．主语是非谓语动词短语时，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。
B．主语是从句时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式；但what，who引导的从句作主语时，若指具体的东西或人，谓语动词可用第三人称复数形式。
C．在强调句型“It+ be+被强调的部分+that／who…”中，be总是用单数形式；that／who后的谓语动词的形式必须跟被强调的主语保持一致。
D．定语从句中谓语动词的形式必须跟先行词的单、复数形式保持一致。
注意：在“one of+名词复数+定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词一般用第三人称复数形式，但当one前面有the，the very，the less，the only或形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。
E．there be结构中be动词的形式由紧接be后面的名词的形式所决定。
F．在某些虚拟语气的句子中，无论主语是什么，be动词总是为were的形式。
回放真题
真题1(福建卷24)
She has set a new record，that is, the sales of her latest book _______ 50 million．
A．have reached B．has reached C．aye reaching D．had reached
【答案及解析】 A根据句子的意思，谓语应用复数形式，用现在完成时态表示动作的持续性，故选A。
真题2(2004广西卷33)
It is reported that the United States uses ________energy as the whole of Europe．
A．as twice B．twice much C．twice much as D．twice as much
【答案及解析】 D本题考查倍数关系的表达。有三种表达方式：1．倍数+as + adj +as+其它；2．倍数+比较级+than+其它；3．倍数+the height／size／weight／length／…+ of+其它。由此可知本题正确答案为D。
真题3(2004北京卷28)
The teacher，with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class， ________visiting a museum when the earthquake struck．
A．was B．were C．had been D．would be
【答案及解析】 A名词、代词与介词短语连用作主语时，谓语动词的形式由介词前面的名词、代词确定。因此本题答案为A，意思是：当地震发生的时候，老师带着班上的6个女孩和8个男孩正在参观一家博物馆。
真题4(2004上海春季卷30)
No one in the department but Tom and I ______that the director is going to resign．
A．knows B．know C．have known D．am to know
【答案及解析】 A本题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是no one，而不是Tom and I，主语后面接说明主语的修饰语，如用with，a10ng with，together with，as well as，like，rather than，more than but except，besides，including，in addition to与修饰语连接，谓语动词不受修饰成份的影响，仍与主语保持一致。
真题5(北京卷34)
He did it ________it took me．
A．one．third a time B．one-third time
C．the one．third time D．one-third the time
【答案及解析】D考查倍数的用法。译文：他做这件事只用了我(做这件事)三分之一的时间。这句话带了一个定语从句，修饰the time，只是没有关系词。定语从句先行词为time，moment时，常不用关系词。
真题6(2003上海卷31)
The house rent is expensive．I’ve got about half the space I had at home and I’m paying _________here．
A．as three times much B．as much three times
c．much as three times D．three times as much
【答案及解析】D考查比较句的语序。对于比较句，“量”应放在谓语之后as
之前，因此选D。
真题7(2003上海春季卷28)
When and where to go for the on salary holiday ________yet．
A．are not decided B．have not been decided
C. is not being decided D. has not been decided
【答案及解析】 D根据副词yet可确定用现在完成时。
真题8( 上海春季卷26)
He is the only one of the students who ____a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
【答案及解析】 D这是一个定语从句。在one前是否有定冠词决定定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式，one of the students中的先行词是the students，定语从句中的谓语动词要用复数形式。The only one of the students中的先行词是The only one，定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。又因“for three years”是完成时的标志，所以答案为D。
真题9( 上海卷23)
As a result of destroying the forests, a large ________ of desert ________covered the land.
A. number, has B. quantity, has C. number, have D. quantity, have
【答案及解析】B 译文：破坏森林的结果是大片沙漠覆盖了陆地。
真题10(2001上海春季卷25)
________people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.
A. Several million B. Many million
C. Several millions D. Many millions
【答案及解析】A 在million，hundred等前如果有具体数字或 several等词时，要用单数形式。many一般不与million等词连用。但在表示不确切数目时用复数，如：表示“数百万”，英语为millions of。译文：每天，世界上有几十万人通过e-mail传递信息。答案为A。
真题l1(20000上海卷26)
________of the land in that district ________covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are
C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are
【答案及解析】C 分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词表示。如果分子大于1，序数词后加-s。分数和百分比作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于分数和百分数后的名词。句子中的主语land是单数，所以谓语动词要用is covered。
篇3：人教版高三英语语法复习主谓一致
第二章 主谓一致
句子的谓语动词和句子的主语应在数方面保持一致。主谓一致的基本原则是：主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。句子的主语有以下几种类型：
1．带后置定语型。其谓语动词的形式依主语的单复数而定，与后置定语无关。
（together）with …
except / but …
S + besides … V
rather than …
as well as …
A library together with a lot of books has been given to our school as a gift.
Two pilots as well as all the passengers were killed in this plane crash.
两个飞行员连同所有旅客都死于这次空难。
2．部分-整体型。其谓语的单复数，由整体部分决定。
70 percent
two-thirds
part of the / one’s + n +V
half （整体）
all
the rest
1）About 70% of the surface of the earth is covered by water.
2）Part of the books are worth reading, but the rest（of them）are of no value.
※注：all单独作主语时，All指人谓语用复数。All指物或事情谓语用单数。
1）All are eager to reach an agreement. 所有的人都急于达成协议。
2）All is going well. 一切都进展顺利。
3．定语仅能修饰单数名词型，其谓语动词用单数。
Each / Every
Either / Neither
Another + n（单数）+ V
Many a
More than one
More than one graduate wants to go to work in Western China.
不止一个毕业生要求去中国西部工作。
Many a day has passed since the boy was lost. 那个男孩失踪已有许多天。
4．就近一致型。下列连词连接两个主语时，及there be句型有多个并列主语，谓语应与最靠近的主语保持一致。
A or B 1）Either you or I am to meet them at the station.
Either A or B 不是你就是我要去车站接他们。
Neither A nor B 2）Not only the teacher but also his students object to the plan.
Not only A but also B 3）There is an air-conditioner and two computers in his office.
There be A, B and C 在他办公室有一台空调和二台电脑。
5．需记住的其他规则
Either
1）Neither of + n 作主语，谓语用单数。
Each
None of + n（复数）作主语，谓语用单数或复数均可。
None of + n（单数）作主语，谓语用单数。
Either of the answers is right. 两个答案中有一个是对的。
None of the cars was / were damaged. 这些车都没有受损。
None of the food has gone bad. 食物没有变质。
2）a number of + n（复数）作主语，谓语用复数。
the number of + n（复数）作主语，谓语用单数。
A large number of students are from the south. 很多学生是南方人。
The number of students in our school has gone up to 3000.
我校学生数已上升到3000人。
3）关系代词作主语，定语从句谓语动词的形式取决于其先行词的单复数。
He is one of the few persons who have a good knowledge of Italian.
他是精通意大利语的少数人之一。
在以上句子中，persons是who的先行词，从句谓语动词用复数。
（比较）He is the only one of the boys who was given a prize.
他是这些孩子中唯一受到奖励的。
当one之前有the only修饰时，one是who的先行词，从句谓语动词用单数。
4）单个动名词，不定式或主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。
两个并列的动名词，不定式或主语从句作主语，谓语动词用复数。
When and where to hold the meeting isn’t decided yet.（一个不定式作主语）
What I say and what I think are none of your business.
我说什么，想什么与你无关。（两个并列主语从句作主语）
5）each, any, every, no构成的复合代词都当作单数看待。
Someone is asking you on the phone. 有人在打电话找你。
注：复合代词作主语，反意疑问句的主语通常用they，也可用he。
Everyone was present at the meeting, weren’t they / wasn’t he ?
Someone has known the news, haven’t they / hasn’t he ?
6）以“s”结尾的书刊名、国名、机构名和学科名作主语，谓语用单数。
The United Nations was set up in 1942. 联合国建于1942年。
The Canterbury Tales was written by Chaucer. 《坎特伯雷故事集》是乔叟写的。
Economics is my major. 经济学是我的主修课程。
7）某些形容词或分词和定冠词the连用表示某类人作主语，谓语用复数。
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
病人得到医治，失踪的也已找回来了。
8）由and连接两个单数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
English and Chinese are quite different languages.
若and并列的主语在意义上指同一个人，同一概念或对立统一的事物，谓语动词用单数。
The manager and secretary is as busy as a bee all day. 那位经理兼秘书整天忙忙碌碌。（两个名词共用一个冠词，指同一个人）
War and peace is a contant theme in history. 战争与和平是历史永恒的主题。（对立统一的一对事物）
9）单复数同形的名词如deer, means；集合名词如family作主语，如何决定谓语动词的单复数，请见第四章冠词。
Exercise 1 主谓一致
1．I, who your friend, will try my best to help you.
A．be B．am C．is D．are
2．The United States must look out of the rights of citizens.
A．its B．their C．ours D．us
3．So far as I know, more than one person connected with the accident.
A．is B．has C．are D．have
4．Maths as well as physics always me to much trouble.
A．causes B．puts C．cause D．put
5．Not only you and I but Peter, the top student in our grade, not able to solve the problem. A．are B．were C．is D．am
6．There one or two things that I have to mention.
A．is B．are C．has D．have
7． Either I or my accountant（会计） to blame for the loss ?
A．Is B．Are C．Am D．Does
8．So far 70% of the poor in this area out of poverty（贫困）with the help of the local government.
A．has got B．are getting C．have got D．had got
9．Collecting stamps as a hobby increasingly popular during the past ten years.
A．became B．becomes C．has become D．have become
10．Whether or not the new plan will produce any positive（积极的）results to be seen.
A．remain B．is remained C．remains D．have remained
11．Too much work and too little rest bad health.
A．lead to B．leads to C．result in D．result from
12．He is the only one of those speakers who ideas perfectly clear.
A．make their B．makes his C．express their D．express
13．Every possible means tried, but without much result.
A．has been B．have been C．are D．is
14．Ten minutes an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.
A．seem B．look C．seems D．looks
15．All we have seen and heard our memory.
A．is deeply impressed on B．great impress
C．are strongly impressed in D．highly impresses
1-5 BAABC 6-10 AACCC 11-15 BBACA
篇4：语法复习主谓一致 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
语法复习专题主谓一致
一、考点聚焦
1、语法形式上的一致
主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。 The number of students in our school_________1,700.
Mary and Kelly________ alike.
2、意义上一致
（1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。
The crowd ______ runing for their lives.
单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、police、cattle等。
（2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。
The news is very exciting.
形复意单的单词有new、works（工厂）、means和以ics结尾的学科名称physics、poli-tics、economics等。
3、就近原则。即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如果连词or、either … or、neither … nor、not only … but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。
Eg.Either you or I________ mad.
4、应注意的若干问题
（1）名词作主语。
①某些集体名词如family、team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数，反之用复数。 My family_________going out for a trip.
The whole family _________ watching TV.
这类词常有audience、class club、committee、company、crew、crowd、enemy、government、group、party、public、team等。
Population和“a group(crowd)of + 复数名词”也适用于这种情况，强调整体用单数，强调各个部分用复数。
②某些集体名词如people、police、cattle、oxen只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。
③单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。
A sheep ________over there. Some sheep________over there.
④名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等；作主语时，动词一般用单数。 My uncle’s________not for from here.
常见的省略名词有the baker’s 、the barbar’s、the Zhang’s等。
表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如：
Richardson’s_________a lot of old goods to sell.
⑤当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数。
Thirty years ________ passed. Five minutes _______enough to finish the task.
⑥不定代词each、every、no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：
Each boy and each girl in my class ________a dictionary.
⑦如果主语有more than one … 或many a … 构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，它的谓语动词用单数形式。 More than one student _____ seen the play.
Many a boy________ bought that kind of toy.
但是，“more + 复数名词 + than one”结构之后，谓语用复数。
⑧一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如glasses、clothes、trousers、shoes、compasses、chopsticks、scissors等。
但如果主语用a kind of、a pair of、a series of等加名词构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 A pair of shoes ________ on the desk.
⑨this kind of book = a book of this kind(这种书)，其谓语动词；短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men(口语)（这一类人），但this kind of men的谓语用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。如：
This kind of men _______dangerous. Men of theis kind/sort ________dangerous.
⑩复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有means、works、species(种类)、Chinese、Japanese等。当它们的前面有 a、such a、this、that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all、such、these、those修饰时，谓语用复数。
(11)如果名词词组中心词是all、most、half、rest等词语，所指是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，反之用单数。
All of my students work hard. All of the oil _______gone.
(12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：
Between the two windows __________an oil painting.(hang)
（2）由连接词连接的名词作主语。
①用and或both … and 连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。但如果并列主语指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。
Truth and honesty ________the best policy.
To love and to be loved _______the great happiness.
Going to bed early and getting up early _______a good habit.
A knife and fork_________ on the table.
②当主语后面跟有as well as、as much as、no less than、along with、with、like、rather than、together with、but、except、besides、including、in addition to等引导的词组时，采取“就远原则”。
③以or、either … or、neigher … nor、not only … but also等连接的词作主语时，采取“就近原则”。
（3）代词作主语。
①名词型物主代词连接的动词，既可以用单数，也可以用复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。 Ours (Our Party) ________a great Party.
Your shoes ________ white, mine (= my shoes)_______ black.
②such、the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。
Such ________our plan. Such _________ his last words.
③关系代词who、that、which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
④疑问词who、what、which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。 Who lives next door? It________Xiao Liu.
Who lives next door? It __________Wang and Li.
⑤不定代词any、either、neither、none、all、some、more等作主语时，要注意下列情况：
（A）单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。Now all has been changed. All are present.
（B）其后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词用单数形式；若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数；在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。
Do (es) any of you know about the accident? None of us has(have) seen the film.
（4）分数、量词作主语。
①“分数或百分数 + 名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。如：
Lots of damage_________caused by flood.
A number of students ________ gone to the countryside.
A large quantity of people _________needed here.
Quantities of food (nuts) ________ still on the table.
②a great deal of、a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。
③表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
One and a half apples________ left on the table.(be)
④half of、(a)part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。
(5)名词化的形容词作主语。
如果主语由“the + 形容词（或分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有the rich、the poor、the brave、the injured、the living、the wounded等。如表抽象的也可以用单数，如the unknown、the beautiful等。
（6）从句作主语。
①由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。
What we need _________more money.
What we need__________ more people/teachers.
②在“one of + 复数名词 + who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此从句中的谓语动词也应该是复数形式。如one前有the only则用单数形式。
This________one of the most interesting stories that ______been told by my father.
She_________the only one of the girls who_________late for class today.
（7）不定式、名动词（短语）作主语用单数形式；There be句型中be的单复数取决于be后的第一个词的数。
There ______a book, two pens on the desk.
There ______two pens, a book on the desk.
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1.-Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _________to go to university.
-So do I .(上海 ) A.hope B.hopes C.hoping D.hoped
解析：答案为B。本题考查主谓一致中的意义一致原则，不定代词either、neither、each、one、the other、another以及所有的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义一致的原则采用单数形式，排除A。选项C是非谓语动词的一种，不能单独作谓语，亦应排除。根据答语中的时态又可排除选项D。
2.The number of people invited _________ fifty, but a number of them __________ absent for different reasons.（NMET ）
A.were; was B.was; was C.was; were D.were; were
解析：答案为C。本题考查the number of和a number of 的区别。“the number of + 复数名词/代词”结构中的中心词是number,“a number of + 复数名词/代词”结构中的中心词是of后的复数名词或代词，故谓语动词分别用单、复数。解题关键在于仔细区分哪个是真正的主语。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇5：高三复习语法专项系列----介词和连词
一. 介词
1. 介词的分类 (在句中作定语, 状语, 补语和表语)
单个介词: at , by, for, from, in, of , on , to , with
复合介词: into, onto, within, out of
双重介词: from under, since before, until after
介词短语: in front of, because of, according to
分词作介词: including , considering , concerning
2. across , through over
across 在一个空间内从一端到另一端或成十字交叉穿过
through着重指从中间或空间穿过
over 指从一个物体的一边到另一边的越过
3. about , on, of
about表示的内容多为普通,不太正式 有”述及”的意思
on 多用于慎重的正式的语言交际场合.常见于”学说上的”论文或演说等题目.有论及的意思
of 作关于讲, 表示体积,设计某人/事时, 只表示事情存在或发生,并不涉及详情.有时与about可互换 ,常与动词know, hear, learn, speak, talk, think, tell等.
但注意区别:
talk of / talk about think of/ think about
4. except , except for, except that, but , besides, beside
except 除了---之外都/都不/没有 可接名词,代词, 介词短语,副词或不定式 , 不定式常省to.
except for 除了,要不是 常接名词性短语
except that 常接从句,也可接when where 等词引导的从句
but 多用在代词(主要是不定代词,否定代词或疑问代词)后
besides 除了---之外还有/包括 还可用作副词,相当于 , 有”而且,加之,何况”的意思.
Beside 表示在---附近,
5. including , included
including 是一个介词, 意思是: 包括, 一般放在包括对象的前面
included 是一个过去分词, 用于被动语态中或放在包括对象的后面.
6. in, after, later
in 表示一段时间之后, 常用于一般将来时和过去将来时中.
after 表某一时刻后, 后跟”时间点”, 常用于一般将来时或一般过去时中;
也可表示某一段时间后, 后跟”一段时间”, 用于一般过去时.
later 后跟一个具体的时间为起点
7. in, with, by
in指用”语言,字体,墨水, 体裁, 风格, 方式,现金, 顺序”等.
with 指用具体的或有形的工具,器官等, 有时也可表示用某种手段或音调等.
by 表示用方式,手段等.后常接动名词,后接就名词时,名词前不加修饰语.
8. toward (s) , to , for
to 和toward(s)用来表示静态的方向, 可以换用, 但和表示位置转移的动词如: go , come, move, run, return, walk,等连用是, to 有到达之意, 而toward(s) 只表示运动方向, 无到达之意.
for 一般用语动词leave , sail, start 及短语set off, set out, start out, start off 等短语后表示方向.
9. under/over , below/above
below 是on a lower level than 的 意思, 表示在下方位置地狱某物. 不强调直上直下, 反义词是above .
under 有directly below 的含义, 表示垂直在下方, 反义词是: over.
10. 表原因的介词:because of , for, at, by, with, owing to, thanks to, out of 的区别
① because of 表示引起结果的直接原因 意义与连词because 相同.
② for表示内在的, 心理上的饿原因, 常与表示喜怒哀乐等的情感名词连用, 还可表示某种动作或结果的起因. 而连词for 则表示某种结果的补充理由或显而易见的原因.
③ at表示外部的, 尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因.
④ by表示某种情绪或从做的起因, 多与喜怒哀乐等词连用,有”听到,看到---”
⑤ with指胜利上或情感上的外界到内心的原因, 有 “随着---”
⑥ owing to相当于because of , 多表示某种不良后果的原因. 也有 “欠-钱”的意思
⑦ thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因, 有 “幸亏---, 多亏了---”的意思
⑧ 表示动机的起因,常译为 “出于---”
二. 连词:
连词的种类:
并列连词: and, or, but, while(然而), for, therefore,
both – and---, not only --- but (also)--, as well as, and --- as well,
not ---nor--- , whether---or---, either---or--- , neither---nor---,
从属连词: (连接状语从句的连词)
时间: when , while, as, after, before, since(自从), until, till, as soon as, once
hardly ---when, no sooner ---than , the moment, the minute
地点: where,
原因: because, as, since(既然)=now that ,
条件: if, even if, unless, as long as=on condition that , in case, supposing, provided that
目的:so that , in order that , for fear that, so
结果: so ---- that, such ---- that
让步: though, although, however + adj. ---, even if, whatever,
no matter+ ---,
方式: as (象---一样), just as, as if/ though
比较: as---as---, the same---as---, so --- as---, the more---, the more---
1. because , since, as, for
① because表示直接明确的原因或理由,语气最强.
② since强调结果, 不强调原因, since 表示自然的因果关系,意为 “既然”.
③ as也是只强调结果, 不强调原因, 语气最弱, 用于常谈中, 讲话人认为某种理由很明显或对方很熟悉,不需要突出.
④ for是并列连词, 只表示一种推测. 其前的分句常是must have done 或must do
注意点: 只有表示一种直接的 原因或理由, 用它来回答why的疑问句, 也只有可有放在强调句中, 使它成为强调的对象, 而其他的不能.
2. if , whether
引导条件状语时只用if,
作是否的意思时, 注意几种只用whether的情况.
3. or , and
① 否定句中连接并列成分一般用or
② 当一个句子中出现了两个否定词时, 或两个并列成分都有否定时, 用and 连接, 表示的是全部否定.
③ And 连接的两个主语表示的是两者以上的人物时, 谓语用复数,而 or连接时, 谓语 则要与邻近的主语一致.
4. such as, for example, and so on , namely
① such as 列举部分, 可以是一个也可以是多个
② for example列举单个人或事物外,还可列举一个完整的事件或一系列人物. 常用逗号隔开.
③ and so on列举部分, 常放在列举部分后.
④ namely必须列出全部内容.
5. because, as, since 不能和so连用, though 不能和but 连用, 但是therefore, then, yet 可以和他们连用.
6. 一些名词短语 : the moment , the minute ,等也可连接状语从句.
7. when, as, while
while 常跟延续性动词连用,
when可跟延续或短暂性动词连用, 还有就在此时的意思: 搭配为:
be about to/be doing/ be on the point of doing --- when
as指两个动作是同时进行有 “一边--- 一边--- ”的意思
8. so that / in order that + 从句
so as to / in order to + 动词(短语) 注意: so as to 不可放在句首.
9. so--- that--- /such---- that – 太--- 以致于---, 区别见 形容词和副词 一讲中 “so , such ” 的用法区别.
篇6：高三复习语法专项系列－－－形容词和副词
1. 以ly结尾的形容词有: friendly, deadly, lovely, lonely, likely, lively, ugly, brotherly, manly,等
2. 有些以ly结尾的次既为形容词,也为副词: daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, early等.
3. 某些形容词加上顶冠词泛指一类人, 谓语用复数.如:the dead, the living, the rich, the poor, the blind, the hungry等.
4. 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词只这个民族的整体,谓语用复数.
如: the British, the English, the French, the Chinese等
5. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序为: 限定词+数量词(序数词前,基数词后) +性状+大小长短高低等+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词.
a famous German medical school
these three beautiful large square old brown wood table
6. 副词的位置:
在动词前,be动词,助动词后, 当有多个助动词时,副词一般放在第一个助动词后.
7. 副词的排列顺序:
①时间,地点副词,小单位的在前,大单位在后
②方式副词, 短的在前, 长的在后, 并用and或but, or等连词连接.
③多个不同副词排列: 程度+地点+方式+时间副词.
注意:
① 副词very可以修饰形容词, 但不能修饰动词.
② 副词enough要放在形容词的后面,但放在名词的前后都可.
8. 兼有两种形式的副词
close近late 晚 deep 空间深度
closely 仔细地 lately 最近deeply 感情上的深
high 空间高度 wide 空间宽度 free 免费(for free)
highly 表程度=much widely 广泛地 freely 自由地
在许多地方
9. as + adj./adv. 原级+as 的注意点
① 在否定或疑问句中可用so---as---
② 当as---as 中有名词时采用以下格式:
as + adj. +a + 单数n. 或 as many/much + n. + as
10 .倍数的表达方式:
the +比较级+than
倍数+ as + adj. 原级+as
the +n. + of n. 为: length, size, weight, width, height, age, number 等.
10. 当后有选择范围时,强调两者中的更--- 且后有名词时则可在比较级前加冠词.
Which is larger, Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?
She is the taller of the two sisters.
She is taller than her two sisters.
11. 可修饰比较级的词有:
much , even, still, a little, a bit, a lot, lots, a great, deal, any , rather , fat, by far 等.
可修饰最高级的词有:
by far, far, much, mostly, almost 和序数词
12. many, old, far
①有: many more + 可数名词
much more + 不可数名词
plenty + more+可/不可数
②old 的比较级和最高级 elder / eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系
③ far 的两种: farther / further 都可表距离, 但常用further 来表示进一步.
13. 形容词most前面没有the 不表示最高级而是表示”非常”相当于very
It is a most important problem.
14. “否定词+比较级” 或”否定词+ so---as” 结构表示最高级含义
Nothing is so easy as this. = Nothing is easier than this. = This is the easiest thing.
15. such 和so 的用法注意点:
① so +adj. +a /an + 单数n. .
② so +adj. / adv.
③ so + many / much/ few/ little(少)+ n.
④ such + adj. + 复数n./不可数n.
⑤ such + a/ an + adj. + 复数n
16. the more --- the more---
more than 不只是/不仅仅, 非常
no more than 仅仅
not more ---than 不比---多 no less--- than 比---一样
more B than A 与其说A不如说B
He is more lazy than slow at his work.
He is no more diligent than you
He is more than kind than you.
17. fairly/ rather/quite/pretty/very/ too 的使用总结
① 就语气强弱而言: fairly < quite② fairly 修饰表示褒义的形容词或副词
③ rather用以修饰一些表示贬义的形容词,可以和比较级或too连用
④ rather a 或 a rater , 而quite a
rather可以在would , should, had之后表示宁愿
篇7：语法复习二、主谓一致 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
语法复习二、主谓一致
在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
（一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.
2、由连接词and或both … and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
注意：① 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：The writer and artist has come.; / ② 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room.. / No boy and no girl likes it.
3、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.
4、either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.
注意：① 在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. ② 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：None of us has (have) been to America.
5、在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
注意：people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child.
7、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.
注意： a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“…的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。
8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.
（二）逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。
1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.
2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式， 这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如： “The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.
4、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如：One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.
5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.
6、一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn’t easy to study.
7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
8、“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。
（三）就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1、当两个主语由either … or, neither … nor, whether … or …, not only … but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right?
2、there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room..
注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。
练习：主谓一致
1.I, who____ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
2. The rich ____ not always happy.
A.are B.is C.has D.have
3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I ____ his students.
A.are B.am C.is D.was
4. Mary as well as her sisters ____ Chinese in China.
A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study
5. Neither my father nor I ____ at home.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
6. Not only my brother but also I ____ good at painting. Both of us ____ good painters.,
A.are;are B.am;am C.ani;are D.is;is
7. Every' boy and every girl ____ to attend the evening party.
A.wish B.wishes C.is like D.like
8. Over 80 percent of the population of China ____ peasants.
A.was B.is C. would be D.are
9. The population of China ____ larger than that of .any other country in the world.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
10. Every means ____ tried but without any result.
A. have been B.is to be C.are to be D. has been
11. Alice, together with two boys,____ for having broken the rule.
A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished
12. The League secretary and the monitor____ asked to attend the .meeting this afternoon.
A.is B.was C.are D.is being
13. The great writer and professor____.
A. is an old man B. are both old men
C. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese
14. There ____ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.
A.are B.is C.has D.have
15. A large number of students in our class____ girls.
A. are B. was C. is D. be
16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses ____ much if people leave things as they are.
A. doesn' t change B.don't change C.change D.changed
17. The Arabian Nights ____ well known to the English.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
18. Chairman Mao' s works ____ published.
A. has been B.have been C.was D.is
19. A chemical works____ built there.
A. is to being B.have been C. were to D.has been
20. The Olympic Games ____ held every ____ years.
A.is;four B.are;four C.is;five D.are;five
21 .The United States of America one of the most developed countries in the world.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
22.He is the only one of die students who ____ elected.
A. are B.have C.has D.is
23.Theis is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked.
A.have B.has C. have been D.has been
24.Many a man ____ come to help us.
A.have B.has C.is D.are
25.“All____ present and all____ going on well,” our monitor said.
A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;are
26. The police ____ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.
A. is searching for B. were searching for
C. are searching for D. were searching
27.Your trousers____ dirty.You must have____ washed.
A.is;il B.are;it C.are;them D.is;them
28.This pair of trouseis ____ too long for him.
A.is B.be C.are D.were
29. One and a half bananas ____ left on the table.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
30. Eight times eight ____ sixty - four.
A.is B.are C.get D.equal
31 .Ten minutes____ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.
A.seems B.seem C.seemed D.seemes
32.____of the money____ nm out.
A. Three-fifth; has B. Three-fifth; has been
C. Three-fifths; has D. Three-fifths; have
33. The whole class ____ the teacher attentively.
A. are listening to B. is listening to
C.are listening D. is listening
34.1 have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which___ more difficult.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
35. Between the two rows of trees ____ the teaching building.
A.stand B.stands C. standing D.are
36. Large quantities of water ____ for irrigation.
A. is needed B. has -needed C. are needed D. need
37. That they were wrong in these matters ____ now clear to us all.
A. is B.was C.are D.all
38.What we need____ good textbooks.
A.is B.are C.have D.has
39. What you said just now____ the matter we are discussing.
A.have something to at B. has something to do with
C.had something to do with D.has been something to do with
40. More than one member ____ against the plan.
A. is B.are C.has D.have
41. When and where to build the new factory ____ yet.
A. has not decided B. is not decided
C. are not decided D. have not decided
42. Half of the fruit ____ bad.
A. are B. has C. is D. have
43. ____ either of your parents come to see you recently?
A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is
44. Mathematics ____ the language of science.
A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be
45. My family ____ small.
A. is B. were C. are D. makes
46. The following ____ some other examples.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
47. They both have some friends; but his ____ more active.
A. is B. will be C. was D. are
48. Both rice and wheat ____ grown in that country.
A. is B. are C. was D. has
49. Early to bed and early to rise ____ a good habit.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
50. To play basketball and to go swimming ____ useful for character-training.
A. was B. is C. are D. were
51. Either he or I ____ to attend the mass meeting this evening.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
52. ____ either he or I to attend the mass meeting this evening.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
53. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, ____ to be built here.
A. are B. were C. is D. will
54. She as well as her brother ____ a League member.
A. are B. were C. will D. is
55. His family ____ a big one. Now the family ____ watching TV.
A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are
56. It is I who ____ going to attend the meeting tomorrow.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
57. More than 60% of the students ____ the countryside.
A. is B. are C. is from D. are from
58. Many a man ____ the novel.
A. has read B. have read C. is read D. are read
59. Tom is the only one of the students who ____ going to swim this afternoon.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
60. Here ____ a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
参考答案
语法复习二：主谓一致
1~5 AAACA 6~10 CBDAD 11~15 ACABA 16~20 AABDB 21~25 ADCBC
26~30 BCAAA 31~35 ACAAB 36~40 CABBA 41~45 BCCCA 46~50 ADBBC
51~55 BACDA 56~60 BDAAB
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