新托福阅读每篇多少道题

新托福阅读每篇多少道题（精选7篇）由网友“carrrr”投稿提供，以下是小编为大家准备的新托福阅读每篇多少道题，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

篇1：新托福阅读每篇多少道题

新托福阅读每篇多少题

一、托福阅读题目设置

正常情况下，托福阅读一共有3篇文章，如果出现加试，就会多出一篇文章，每篇文章设有12-14个题目，以选择题为主。除最后一道试题外，其他试题都是针对文章的某一部分进行提问的，试题以单选题为主，其出现顺序和文章的段落顺序是一致的。最后一道题是针对整篇文章进行提问的，要求考生从多个选项中挑选若干项对全文进行总结和归纳。

二、托福阅读题型介绍

托福阅读共包括十种类型的题目，它们分别是：

1. Factual Information questions(事实信息题)

2. Negative Factual Information questions(否定事实信息题)

3. Inference questions(推论题)

4. Rhetorical Purpose questions(修辞目的题)

5. Vocabulary questions(词汇题)

6. Reference questions(指代题)

7. Sentence Simplification questions(句子简化题)

8. Insert Text question(句子插入题)

9. Prose Summary(文章总结题)

10. Fill in a Table(表格填写题)

三、托福阅读题目分类

综合以上十种题型，托福阅读又可分为两大类：一类是基础理解题，一类是 篇章应用题。题型1-8属于基础理解题，主要考查考生根据文章的词汇、句法和语义内容理解把握重要信息的能力;题型9、10属于 篇章应用题，主要考查考生把握 篇章结构的能力。由此可见，基础理解题占据了托福阅读试题的绝大部分，也就是说，出题者总喜欢把注意力放在具体的细节上，绝大多数问题都与文章中出现的具体信息有关，答案基本上都能在文章中找到。但是大家也不能忽视了最后一道大题的重要性，因为只有把握了整篇文章的逻辑结构，才有助于更好地理解全文内容，提高做题的正确率。

四、托福阅读题目分值分布

1. 基础理解题

基础理解题(题型1-8)以单选为主，每题1分。

2. 文章总结题

文章总结题(题型9)满分为2分，要求考生从6个选项中选出3个最能概括文章内容的选项，如果这道题没有选对答案或只选对1个选项，不得分;如果这道题选对2个选项，得1分;如果这道题选对了3个选项，得2分。

3. 表格填写题

表格填写题(题型10)满分为3分。这道题会有2或3栏/行表格，包括5个正确答案选项。考生需要在备选答案中挑出正确选项，并将正确选项拖入表格中的相应位置。表格填写题满分为3分。没有答对或只答对1或2个答案不得分;答对3个答案得1分;答对4个答案得2分;5个全对得满分3分。

托福阅读句意解释题

这类型题目的题干表达为：Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

解决这类题目的三种方法：

第一种：在保持原句序基本不变的前提下进行重点词汇或者词组的同义替换;

第二种：在句序不变的前提下再进行重点词汇或者词组的同义替换;

第三种：对原句进行总结性重复。

下面我们通过一个例子来看这些方法的具体应用：

Small marketers should be less concerned with whether U.S. and European consumers are alike and more concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences. Attention to the dynamic nature of those factors will produce opportunities for the alert marketer.

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A marketer who is not so smart should be more concerned with the difference of eating habits between U.S. and European consumers and less concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences.

It is not important whether U.S. and European consumers have a similar eating habit. I t is the potential similarities and differences that people should be more concerned with.

Marketers should focus on the factors that account for difference rather than the difference themselves.

Monitoring the variety of foods could explain the potential similarities and differences.

解题：

首先，我们来分析这个句子，整个主句的主语为Small marketers，谓语为be concerned with，宾语为factors，这个分析完成之后，我们采用同意替换的方法，替换其中的重点词组-谓语be concerned with，其同义词为focus on。这样替换完之后把两个句子的意思进行比较，得出正确答案C。这道题目采用了第一种方法。

托福阅读推理题的解析

推理题的题干中常出现infer, imply , most likely (least likely) 或probably 等词语。根据OG， 在IBT 阅读的3篇文章中，每篇会有0-2道这类问题，一次考试总共有3-4道推断题。

一、推理题的两大分类：有共性的推理题和无共性的推理题。

这里所谓的有共性推理题就是说题干中有和原文内容相同的关键词(也叫线索)。根据关键词回原文定位，然后进行推理。一般来说，大多数的推理题都属于这类题目。对于无共性的推理题，也就是题干中无线索，一般使用排除法，即根据各个选项的关键词回原文定位，通过排除法得出正确答案。返回原文找信息点，采用排除法是解决这两类题型解决的共同策略。

二、推理题的三个具体的解题思路：

1、一般对比推理：根据两个事情的对比特征，问其中一个事物的特征，只要将与之形成对比的另外一个事情的特征否定掉就可以。

2、时间对比推理：在这种推理中，一般有两个形成对比的时间段，它们所具有的特征一般相反。当题干问一个时间段的特征时，只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否定掉就可以了。

3、集合概念推理 ：一个大的集合的两个方面形成对比，两者之间存在着互补性关系，也就是一个的增加意味着另一个的减少。反之，相同。这个比较抽象，我们来看一个例子：

例如：Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the civil war, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution.

What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War?

(A) New technological developments had little effect on farmers.

(B) The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined.

(C) Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the war.

(D) Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation.

文中指出：非农业人口的数量和比例都增加了。由此可知农业人口的数量和比例下降，所以(B)为正确答案。

三、解答这类题目需要注意的信息点：

1.日期和数字。

2.关键词： 表示多少的副词: many , some, much of, several , a few ,most …;情态动词：may, can , could…;表示过去的：used to be , was, were , at one time, previously ;表示不是唯一的： not only ,not exclusively等。

托福阅读如何拿到28分

分数要求

想得28分以上，一般就是错3个左右，也就是不含加试一篇一个。我给自己的要求：不能错词汇题以外的任何题

阅读时间：

15分钟一篇，一篇13/14道题。(官方要求是20分钟一篇)

13道题中除了4道词汇题(30‘’)1道多选题(1’30‘’)之外，其他题目基本(1‘)一般是在第三段/第四段，大概第8题/第9题的样子，是一段会出2道理解题的段落。题目编排，近几年的TPO一般第一篇第二篇文章偏难，生词多，第三篇简单难度类似早期TPO。

在题目上一般是(细节 词汇，细节 作用， 细节 词汇， 细节 词汇 改写， 细节 词汇， 黑点 大意)规律就是每一段都会出细节题(In paragraph n...)再加一道其他题，早期一段只有一道题的情况几乎不存在了。

简单的文章可能会出比较难的大意题，尤其是对比型的简单文章。用上面的标准控制时间，用下面的方法去读的话，20分钟一般都是够用的。

我的阅读障碍：

速度：1’大概150-170字，生词量一般而且前后不出现感觉自相矛盾需要停下来想的情况下。

选项：词汇量一般，有时词汇题的相似词汇不造句都感觉不出区别。

新托福阅读真题训练技巧：

1，粗看下文章的段数，对每段大概几道题有个预期。(比如只有5段，那长段肯定是3道题)粗看每段第一句话，对文章的整体意思心中有数。

2，每段段首变成中文理解，以迅速的进入状态，并记忆主要意思。(就算只有一道词汇题，这段的段首也要读)

3，每读一段整理一次逻辑，A支持的观点是，A的观点的问题是B的观点是。。。(记忆法，图像帮助理解，逻辑帮助记忆，生成图像来理解含义，对逻辑部分用色彩记忆红黄绿记忆法，每一段的第一句作为逻辑中心标记黄色，这段如果讲倒推如原因，在脑中的逻辑框架就在红色的区域生成记忆，如果正推将后果等就在绿色区域生成图像，读完全文留下来的会是每一排都是红黄绿三色的逻辑关系，每一段都纵向罗列，如下)红——黄——绿

红——黄——绿

4，鉴于每段都会出细节题，如果有词汇题等先只看一句话，做完了要看到细节题问的什么再看文章，鉴于有四个选项，选一个对的或者不对的，看的时候自己要边看边总结，比如总结出三个步骤， 解释了三个方面的问题，或者其他。5，要检查，每个不确定的题都标上guess回来看，我不确定的题错的概率还是非常高的。如果不走神的理解全文，一般15分钟是够的，还能剩下几分钟检查。

新托福阅读真题做题策略：

词汇题、句子改写题——只读该句不读完整段(30‘ _ + 1’_1)耗时3分钟

词汇题看好单词的词性、发出者(是人，是物)，保持一致的最对，看这一句即可。

In the past,whole cities grew from the arduoustask of cutting and piling stone upon. Some of the world’s finest stonearchitecture can be seen in the ruins of the ancient Inca city of Machu Picchu high in the eastern Andes

Mountains

of Peru.猜词是保证不了完全准了，根据意思，这道题排除BD，剩下AC很是纠结，但是看task本身，skilled task这种说法小奇怪，一般是skilled workers，所以选A

The word “arduous” in the passage is closest inmeaning to

○Difficult○Necessary○Skilled○Shared

词汇题对于我一直是难点超爱错，猜出来的，如果有时间检查一定要再看一下，从ETS出题的角度考虑。

篇2：托福阅读一共多少道题

1、托福三篇文章(如遇加试时从五篇中随机选三篇)计分，每篇12-14道题。

2、三篇文章回答正确的题目数量加起来就能得出托福阅读总分。

3、除重要归类题和观点题以外，每道题的分值都是1分。

4、重要观点题的分值可能是2分。归类题为3或4分。

5、考试所得分数范围：0-30分。

托福阅读成绩计算方法

托福阅读部分，总共有3篇文章(如遇到加试，则随机3篇文章算分，另1篇文章不算分)。每篇文章700个字，对应14道题目。其中，13道题是基础信息和推断题，每道题1分。最后一道题是小结题，俗称大题，满分2分。大题一般情况下是6选3，3个选项错一个扣一分，扣完为止，即在答题中错2或3个选项，这个题目不得分。

如果得到25分以上，那就等于总分有可能上100分，而100分是申请美国名校的比较有竞争力的分数。如果得到20分以上，那就意味着总分有可能到80分以上，这个分数是申请美国前100名学校时比较基本的分数。

篇3：托福阅读一共多少道题

1. 细节题(Factual Information)

2. 事实否定题

3. 推论题(Inference)

4. 修辞题

5. 指代题(Reference)

6. 词汇题(Vocabulary)

7. 句子简化题(Sentence Simplification)

8. 插入句子题(Sentence Insertion)

9. 文章总结题(Prose Summary)

10. 图表信息题(Fill In A Table)

托福阅读做题方法

文章大致看完之后，才能开始做题。做题时，应牢记以下几点：

(1)每篇文章的题目基本上根据文章布局一步一步向前推进，即使有个别题打乱文章布局，在题干里总是有提供信息的关键词将考生带入文章的具体部位。

(2)做题时，根据题干或选项的关键词回归文章寻找重现关键词或其释义的语言区域，同时排除相应的选项。

(3)到难句子时，最直接有效的方式就是对其进行句子结构分析，迅速把握整个句子的意思，不要盯着单个的词不放，不然就会因小失大。

(4)每个问题的四个选项或者是对文章中相关部分的正确释度、或者是歪曲原文、或者与原文毫不相干。换句话说，命题专家在设置试题时会玩一些文字游戏，用各种表达形式让考生晕头转向、雾里看花。考生应该明白自己的职责是辨别真伪，找到合符文章意思和题意的选项。

新托福阅读核心词汇总结

思考类动词总结

Think/assume/conceive/conclude/expect/

determine/hold/judge/presume/reckon/see/

sense/suppose/comprehend/consider/deduce/

infer/deliberate/evaluate/examine/meditate/

mull/mull over/muse/ponder/rationalize/reason/

reflect/resolve/ruminate/speculate/

study/turn over/weigh/contemplate/convey

思考类名词总结(观点/概念/理论)

Notion/idea/view/concept/perception

perspective/observation/examination

witness/judgment/approach/hypothesis

impression/supposition/theory/thought

apprehension/comprehension/realization

consideration/interpretation/understanding

speculation/version/picture/inclination/ideology

支持类单词总结

Support/maintain/insist/hold/uphold/agree/

accede/admit/consent/assent/verify/revel in/

glory in/believe in/dictate/celebrate/value

反对类单词总结

Contradict/decline/disagree/dispute/dissent/

oppose/protest/refuse/abandon/neglect/

disapprove/condemn

核心的;主要的;基本的;内在的

essential/chief/crucial/core

fundamental/main/key/inborn

principal/elementary/primary

indispensable/central/vital

underlying/inherent/intrinsic/inborn

重要的;显著的

important/valuable/substantial/big/considerable/

critical/crucial/decisive/earnest/exceptional/marked

meaningful/momentous/paramount/salient/significant/weighty

eminent/influential/outstanding/distinctive/esteemed/grand

honored/illustrious/leading/majestic/notable/powerful

prominent/remarkable/solid/superior/conspicuous

限制/阻挠

limit/confine/compress/decrease/lessen

narrow/bar/bind/cap/check/constraint/curb

impede/inhibit/obstruct/restrict/cramp

diminish/block/choke/frustrate/hamper

hinder/retard/stall/throttle/thwart

退步

decline/halt/repress/recession/cease/fall

减少

decrease/abate/curb/curtail/drop/ebb

evaporate/fade/lower/reduce/restrain/shrink

slacken/slump/subside/wane/diminish/subtract

增加/发展

increase/develop/enlarge/expand/grow/raise

advance/aggrandize/amplify/augment/boost/

broaden/enhance/enlarge/escalate/extend

further/heighten/inflate/magnify/mount

progress/proliferate/spread/swell/widen

篇4：托福阅读十几分要对多少道题

托福阅读十几分要对多少道题?本文为您全面解读托福阅读评分标准，毕竟弄清楚托福阅读是怎么算分的也有助于大家在答题时有清晰的认识，至少在迫不得已要舍弃一些题时，知道选择哪一个才划算。

托福阅读十几分要对多少道题

托福阅读考试需要完成3篇文章，每篇文章的字数大约有700字左右，每篇文章的出题数是12-14题，平均20分钟/篇。如果遇到加试，会从考试的四篇文章中随机选取三篇计分。这三篇文章中所有回答正确的题目数量加起来就是你的阅读总分。除重要观点题和归类题以外，每道题的分值都是1分，重要观点题的分值可能是2分，归类题为3或4分。考试所得分数范围:0-30分。

托福阅读题型共分为10种：

1. Factual Information questions(事实信息题)

2. Negative Factual Information questions(否定事实信息题)

3. Inference questions(推论题)

4. Rhetorical Purpose questions(修辞目的题)

5. Vocabulary questions(词汇题)

6. Reference questions(指代题)

7. Sentence Simplification questions(句子简化题)

8. Insert Text question(句子插入题)

9. Prose Summary(文章总结题)

10. Fill in a Table(表格填写题)

了解了托福阅读的题型，我们再来看一下托福阅读的计分方式：

托福阅读以选择题为主，除最后的文章总结题和表格填写题之外，每道题的分值都是1分。

文章总结题满分为2分。这道题会给出6个选项，要求考生从中选出3个最能概括文章内容的选项。在评分方面，文章总结题每道题2分。如果这道题没有选对答案或只选对1个选项，不得分;如果这道题选对2个选项，得1分;如果这道题选对了3个选项，得2分。

表格填写题满分为3分。这道题会有2或3栏/行表格，包括5个正确答案选项。考生需要在备选答案中挑出正确选项，并将正确选项拖入表格中的相应位置。表格填写题满分为3分。没有答对或只答对1或2个答案不得分;答对3个答案得1分;答对4个答案得2分;5个全对得满分3分。

在计算出原始分数以后，将被转化为0-30分的最终分数。以下是原始分数与最终分数的对应表：

比如，某位学生阅读部分，错了5道小题，3道文章总结题各错一个选项，因此扣去的分数就应该为5+1+1+1=8分，得到的原始分数就是45-8=37分，根据上面的对应表，最终得分应为27分。再如，另一位学生，错了12道小题，3道文章总结题中，1道选错2个选项，另外两道各选错一个选项，则扣分为12+2+1+1=16分，原始分数为45-16=29分，根据对应表，最终分数应为20分。

在上面的分数对应表格中，需要特别注意的是25分和20分的最终分数。如果得到25分以上，那就等于总分有可能上100分，而100分是申请美国名校的比较有竞争力的分数。如果得到20分以上，那就意味着总分有可能到80分以上，这个分数是申请美国前100名学校时比较基本的分数。

大家还需要注意的是0分的最终分数，对应的9分以下的原始分数。在传统考试中，如果不看题目，直接“蒙”，可能会得到一定的分数。而在托福阅读中，如果用“蒙”的方法，可能会得到9分的原始分数，但最终分数就是0分。

此外，正确题目个数与最终分数之间也存在一定的对应关系，具体如下：

托福阅读真题练习：鸟类的进化

托福阅读文本：

The first flying vertebrates were true reptiles in which one of the fingers of the front limbs became very elongated, providing support for a flap of stretched skin that served as a wing. These were the pterosaurs, literally the ”winged lizards.“ The earliest pterosaurs arose near the end of the Triassic period of the Mesozoic Era, some 70 million years before the first known fossils of true birds occur, and they presumably dominated the skies until they were eventually displaced by birds. Like the dinosaurs, some the pterosaurs became gigantic; the largest fossil discovered is of an individual that had a wingspan of 50 feet or more, larger than many airplanes. These flying reptiles had large, tooth-filled jaws, but their bodies were small and probably without the necessary powerful muscles for sustained wing movement. They must have been expert gliders,not skillful fliers, relying on wind power for their locomotion.

Birds, despite sharing common reptilian ancestors with pterosaurs, evolved quite separately and have been much more successful in their dominance of the air. They are an example of a common theme in evolution, the more or less parallel development of different types of body structure and function for the same reason — in this case, for flight. Although the fossil record, as always, is not complete enough to determine definitively the evolutionary lineage of the birds or in as much detail as one would like, it is better in this case than for many other animal groups. That is because of the unusual preservation in a limestone quarry in southern Germany of Archaeopteryx, a fossil that many have called the link between dinosaurs and birds. Indeed, had it not been for the superb preservation of these fossils, they might well have been classified as dinosaurs. They have the skull and teeth of a reptile as well as a bony tail, but in the line-grained limestone in which these fossils occur there are delicate impressions of feathers and fine details of bone structure that make it clear that Archaeopteryx was a bird. All birds living today, from the great condors of theAndes to the tiniest wrens, trace their origin back to the Mesozoic dinosaurs.

托福阅读题目：

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Characteristics of pterosaur wings

(B) The discovery of fossil remains of Archaeopteryx

(C) Reasons for the extinction of early flying vertebrates

(D) The development of flight in reptiles and birds

2. Which of the following is true of early reptile wings?

(A) They evolved from strong limb muscles.

(B) They consisted of an extension of skin.

(C) They connected the front and back limbs.

(D) They required fingers of equal length.

3. The word ”literally“ in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) creating

(B) meaning

(C) related to

(D) simplified

4. It can be inferred from the passage that birds were probably dominant in the skies

(A) in the early Triassic period

(B) before the appearance of pterosaurs

(C) after the decline of pterosaurs

(D) before dinosaurs could be found on land.

5. The author mentions airplanes in line 8 in order to

(A) illustrate the size of wingspans in some pterosaurs

(B) compare the energy needs of dinosaurs with those of modern machines

(C) demonstrate the differences between mechanized flight and animal flight

(D) establish the practical applications of the study of fossils

6. The word ”They“ in line 10 refers to

(A) powerful muscles

(B) bodies

(C) jaws

(D) flying reptiles

7.According to the passage , pterosaurs were probably ”not skillful fliers“ (lines 10-11) because

(A) of their limited wingspan

(B) of their disproportionately large bodies

(C) they lacked muscles needed for extended flight

(D) climate conditions of the time provided insufficient wind power

8. In paragraph 2, the author discusses the development of flight in birds as resulting from

(A) a similarity in body structure to pterosaurs

(B) an evolution from pterosaurs

(C) the dominance of birds and pterosaurs over land animals

(D) a separate but parallel development process to that of pterosaurs

9. The word ”classified“ in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(A) perfected

(B) replaced

(C) categorized

(D) protected

10. Which of the following helped researchers determine thatArchaeopteryx was not a dinosaur?

(A) Its tail

(B) Its teeth

(C) The shape of its skull

(D) Details of its bone structure

11. What is the significance of the discovery that was made in southern Germany?

(A) It is thought to demonstrate that birds evolved from dinosaurs.

(B) It is proof that the climate and soils of Europe have changed over time.

(C) It suggests that dinosaurs were dominant in areas rich in limestone.

(D) It supports the theory thatArchaeopteryx was a powerful dinosaur.

托福阅读答案：

DBBCADCDCDA

篇5：新托福阅读试题一共多少题

新托福阅读试题一共多少题

托福阅读题型有哪些?

题目类型包括：图表题(schematic table)， 篇章总结题(prose summary)(从给出的选项中选择能够概括文章内容的句子)，词汇题(vocabulary)(在一定的上下文中)，指代关系题 (reference)，简化句子题(sentence simplification)，插入文本题(insert text)，事实信息题(factual information)，推断题(inference)，修辞目的题(rhetorical purpose)以及否定排除题(negative factual information)(例如，下列各项均正确除……之外。)在完成答题的过程中，考生可以使用“复查”功能瞬间找出没有回答的题目，而不必每道题都检查一遍。

下面我们来看下具体的评分转换标准如下：

原始分=最终得分

42--41=30

40--39=27--30

38=28

37--36=26--28

35--33=25--27

32=23--25

31--30=22-24

29=20--22

28--27=19--22

26=19--21

25--24=18--21

23=16--18

22--21=15--18

20=14--16

19--17=12--16

16--15=9--15

14=9--13

13--12=5--13

11=3--13

10--9=0--13

8=0--11

7--1=0--4

托福阅读TPO32第1篇:Plant Colonization

【1】Colonization is one way in which plants can change the ecology of a site. Colonization is a process with two components: invasion and survival. The rate at which a site is colonized by plants depends on both the rate at which individual organisms (seeds, spores, immature or mature individuals) arrive at the site and their success at becoming established and surviving. Success in colonization depends to a great extent on there being a site available for colonization—a safe site where disturbance by fire or by cutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level at which the invading species can become established. For a given rate of invasion, colonization of a moist, fertile site is likely to be much more rapid than that of a dry, infertile site because of poor survival on the latter. A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded by a large variety of weeds, whereas a neighboring construction site from which the soil has beencompacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material may remain virtually free of vegetation for many months or even years despite receiving the same input of seeds as the plowed field.

【2】Both the rate of invasion and the rate of extinction vary greatly among different plant species. Pioneer species—those that occur only in the earliest stages of colonization—tend to have high rates of invasion because they produce very large numbers of reproductive propagules (seeds, spores, and so on) and because they have an efficient means of dispersal (normally, wind).

【3】If colonizers produce short-lived reproductive propagules, then they must produce very large numbers unless they have an efficient means of dispersal to suitable new habitats. Many plants depend on wind for dispersal and produce abundant quantities of small, relatively short-lived seeds to compensate for the fact that wind is not always a reliable means of reaching the appropriate type of habitat. Alternative strategies have evolved in some plants, such as those that produce fewer but larger seeds that are dispersed to suitable sites by birds or small mammals or those that produce long-lived seeds. Many forest plants seem to exhibit the latter adaptation, and viable seeds of pioneer species can be found in large numbers on some forest floors. For example, as many as 1,125 viable seeds per square meter were found in a 100-year-old Douglas fir/western hemlock forest in coastal British Columbia. Nearly all the seeds that had germinated from this seed bank were from pioneer species. The rapid colonization ofsuch sites after disturbance is undoubtedly in part a reflection of the large seed bank on the forest floor.

【4】An adaptation that is well developed in colonizing species is a high degree of variation in germination (the beginning of a seed's growth). Seeds of a given species exhibit a wide range of germination dates, increasing the probability that at least some of the seeds will germinate during a period of favorable environmental conditions. This is particularly important for species that colonize an environment where there is no existing vegetation to ameliorate climatic extremes and in which there may be great climatic diversity.

【5】Species succession in plant communities, i.e., the temporal sequence of appearance and disappearance of species is dependent on events occurring at different stages in the life history of a species. Variation in rates of invasion and growth plays an important role in determining patterns of succession, especially secondary succession. The species that are first to colonize a site are those that produce abundant seed that is distributed successfully to new sites. Such species generally grow rapidly and quickly dominate new sites, excluding other species with lower invasion and growth rates. The first community that occupies a disturbed area therefore may be composed of species with the highest rate of invasion, whereas the community of the subsequent stage may consist of plants with similar survival rates but lower invasion rates.

1.According to paragraph 1, how does disturbance of a site influence its colonization by a plant species?

A.Disturbance reduces or eliminates competition by other species.

B.Disturbance increases negative interactions with other organisms on the site.

C.Disturbance prevents a plant species from colonizing a new site.

D.Disturbance reduces the fertility of a site.

2.The word ”virtually“ in the passage (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to

A.almost totally.

B.unusually.

C.consistently.

D.unnaturally.

3.Why does the author mention a plowed field and a construction site in the passage?

A.To argue that sites that have been affected by human activity tend to be colonized slowly.

B.To illustrate the kind of sites that may be invaded by weeds.

C.To contrast sites in terms of their suitability for colonization.

D.To explain that exposing or compacting the soil results in successful colonization.

4.The word ”despite“(paragraph 1) in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.without.

B.almost never.

C.even though.

D.perhaps.

5.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage (paragraph 2)? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A.The seeds of pioneer species are usually carried by the wind to fertile sites, where they reproduce very efficiently.

B.Pioneer species are successful invaders because they produce lots of seeds that are dispersed effectively.

C.Pioneer species produce their largest numbers of propagules during the earliest stages of their colonization.

D.Pioneer species reproduce very quickly and efficiently because they produce very large number of seeds.

6.What can be inferred from paragraph 3 about the reason that large seeds are dispersed by birds or small animals rather than by wind?

A.Large seeds are easier for birds and animals to see than are the small seeds dispersed by the wind.

B.Large seeds are too heavy for the wind to disperse.

C.Large seeds cannot be eaten by birds and animals.

D.Large seeds are short-lived and thus require a more efficient means of dispersal than small seeds do.

7.The phrase ”the latter adaptation“ in the passage (paragraph 3) refers to

A.producing fewer seeds.

B.producing larger seeds.

C.dispersal by birds and small mammals.

D.producing long-lived seeds.

8.The word ”viable“ in the passage (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to

A.able to survive.

B.individual.

C.large.

D.remaining.

9.The example of the 100-year-old Douglas fir/western hemlock forest in paragraph to illustrates which of the following ideas?

A.It is uncommon for older seed to germinate.

B.Pioneer species tend to prefer forest floors for colonization purposes.

C.Long-lived seeds of pioneer species can successfully germinate over long periods of time.

D.Coastal British Columbia is particularly suited for pioneer species to develop.

10.According to paragraph 4, how do plants manage to germinate in areas with great climatic diversity and climatic extremes?

A.By producing seeds only during favorable climatic conditions.

B.By generating large numbers of seeds.

C.By colonizing only those areas where other plants have survived.

D.By producing seeds that have a wide range of germination dates.

11.The word ”abundant〃 in the passage (paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to

A.new.

B.improved.

C.suitable.

D.plentiful.

12.According to paragraph 5, which of the following determines the sequence in which plant species will colonize a site?

A.The extent of growth of a species on a prior site before it begins to colonize a secondary site.

B.The differences in invasion and growth rates across species.

C.The degree of fertility of a site.

D.The kind of disturbance that the site has undergone.

13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where does the sentence best fit? They require relatively little protection or nutrients.

Species succession in plant communities, i.e., the temporal sequence of appearance and disappearance of species is dependent on events occurring at different stages in the life history of a species.■【A】Variation in rates of invasion and growth plays an important role in determining patterns of succession, especially secondary succession.■【B】The species that are first to colonize a site are those that produce abundant seed that is distributed successfully to new sites.■【C】Such species generally grow rapidly and quickly dominate new sites, excluding other species with lower invasion and growth rates. The first community that occupies a disturbed area therefore may be composed of species with the highest rate of invasion, whereas the community of the subsequent stage may consist of plants with similar survival rates but lower invasion rates.■【D】

14. Prose Summary

The ecology of a site is changed through its colonization by new plants that arrive and grow there.

A.The species that first colonize a disturbed site are typically ones that produce a large number of efficiently dispersed seeds.

B.Plants that cannot successfully compete with other species can invade and colonize a site only if it is fertile and moist, such as a plowed field.

C.Pioneer species arrive at a site first but have lower survival rates than do species that arrive later.

D.Producing seeds that germinate at various times over long periods allows some plants to colonize sites that only occasionally present the right conditions for growth.

E.Large, long-lived seeds tend to result in large seed banks with short germination periods requiring favorable environmental conditions for development.

F.The successive appearance and disappearance of species on a site is a result of variation in species' rates of invasion, growth, and survival.

托福阅读答案

1.第1段第4句话，通过火灾和砍伐的干涉要么消除竞争对手要么降低竞争的强度。

2.virtually表示“实际上，几乎”, 程度上对应almost totally。

3.第一段第5、6句话，肥沃的土地植物入侵的速度快，反之亦然。

4.despite 尽管，对应even though 尽管/即使。

5.原句强调了先锋物种入侵速度快的两个原因，一是能够产生大量可繁殖的种子，二是拥有有效的传播途径。原句和fertile sites没有关系，A错;C没有提到种子的繁殖力; D没有提到传播途径，只有B满足原句的条件。

6.第3段第2，3句：小种子通常靠风传播，大种子由鸟和动物实现传播。

7.the latter adaptation，后一种适应性，段落开头讲的是短命种子，所以后一种适应性是指长命种子。

8.viable，有生命力的，对应A。

9.该例子的前一句话为观点句, 例子是为了说明观点，即长命种子在森林地面上很繁荣。

10.该段的第1句话，发芽时间的变化。

11.abundant，表示“丰富的”，对应D。

12.该段第二句话，succession 对应colonize a site。

13.they指代species. 原句说该物种的生存要求很低，就意味着他们更能存活，原句接下去可能阐述该物种如何靠着该优势来侵占土地繁殖。

14.A选项: 对应第2段的核心意思，第2句话;

B选项: 原文中没有明确说明的信息;

C选项: 违背原文意思，第三段最后一句;

D选项: 对应第4段的核心意思;

E选项: requiring favorable environmental conditions for development是原文中没有明确说明的信息;

F选项: 对应第5段的核心意思。

篇6：托福阅读考试多少题

托福阅读考试一共多少题?

托福阅读一共有3篇阅读总共45个题目，如果出现加试的话会有5篇，但只会选择其中3篇进行评分.

关于托福阅读题目及分数的问题，大家可以参考托福阅读计分方法：

1、托福三篇文章(如遇加试时从五篇中随机选三篇)计分，每篇12-14道题。

2、三篇文章回答正确的题目数量加起来就能得出托福阅读总分。

3、除重要归类题和观点题以外，每道题的分值都是1分。

4、重要观点题的分值可能是2分。归类题为3或4分。

5、考试所得分数范围：0-30分。

新托福阅读背景知识：梦境的解释

脑神经生理学及精神分析学对“梦”的解释

对梦的解释不论古今中外都引起广泛兴趣及争论，大致可分脑神经生理学及精神分析学两学派：

1.脑神经生理学者克里克“F.Crick”是近代代表者。

他认为做事是为了整理记忆，梦并不是提醒我们什麽，而是通过快波睡眠忘记无用讯息，避免储存讯息过度饱和而造成混乱。做事时主要是大脑的脑干部份产生兴奋，发出讯号引起脑视觉区出现影像，前脑把传送到视觉区讯号勉强编成梦，若浪费精力去解释梦意义是毫无价值。

2.精神分析学者佛浴伊德“S.Freud”认为：人有根多欲望和想法被压抑在潜意识深处。入睡後，彼压抑的欲望和观念便会在梦中偷偷进入意识里，但它们是经过化装的，真实意义已经过象征化或符号化。对梦作分析可以了解压抑与问题所在“也可预先参考图二”。

从电脑学发掘“梦”的新理论

快波睡眠等于做梦吗?实验报告证明快波睡眠期约有百分之七十机会做梦。但如果说快波睡眠就是做梦期，在母体内的胎儿及新生儿，快波睡眠高达百分之五十五至百分百。为什麽人生经验几乎是零的胎儿及新生儿，脑中还有什麽压抑欲望或无用讯息须花费那麽多时间去做梦?不论克里克或佛洛伊德的理论都无法获得满意答案。纽曼“Snowman”和伊凡斯“Cleans”两位学者提出从电脑角度去胁助理解人脑做梦机制，他们把人脑入睡後不能感知外界讯息时比拟电脑需暂停正常运作始能输入新程式或修改旧程式，来解释快波睡眠期可能是人脑在膳录或修改程式的时刻。此新启发性理论可满意解释胎儿及新生儿需要那麽长的快波睡眠，因为他们脑中的蛋白质分子正忙著在其脑纹上膳录生存本能及生活所必需的大量程式。此电脑程式观点不仅能把佛洛伊德和克里克理论互相沟通，同时对于析解各种人脑之谜注前迈跨一步。

新托福阅读背景知识：梦境探讨

梦境探讨

梦是一种正常的生理、心理现象，正如入经过白天活动後需要睡眠让身心获得充份休息来消除疲劳。梦对心理方面具有调和与舒解的作用。假使没有梦，许多人可能早就会得神经病了。佛洛伊德认为：做梦就是正常人发“神经病”，而神经病人就是白天睁著眼睛做“大梦”。梦境这种无意识心理活动是人类的第二精神世界，怛光怪陆离梦境常使人产生迷惑。佛洛伊德在“梦的分析”书中有详尽介绍。分析内容大致分三类：

1.睡眠时躯体受到的刺激：睡眠中如太冷时，会梦见在冰天雪地。太热时，会梦见处身火焰旁。太渴时，会梦见在找寻水源。膀胱胀满时，会梦见找不到厕所。

2.日间活动残迹的作用：所谓“日有所思，夜有所梦”，人们还可在梦中继续白天未完成的智力活动。很多科学家的发明或发现是在梦境中突然领悟出来。

3.潜意识内容的反映：佛氏把梦分“显梦”内容与“潜意”内容 两部分，前老好像“谜面”，後者好像“谜底”。精神分析医生工作是根据“梦”的规律进行解析来发掘做梦者被压抑在潜意识内的那些矛盾冲突，帮助病人正确解决其致病情结，从而使获得痊愈。

佛洛伊德把梦分析工作归纳六类：1.象征化，2.移置，3.凝缩，4.投射，5.变形，6.二次加工。

此处从略不详细介绍。梦境不单是受心理方面也受所在环境与生理状况的影响，如睡在生疏的地方，睡中嗅到气味、感到声音等都会影响梦境。

新托福阅读背景知识：梦的研究总结

寿命、智能的改善与“梦”

世界各地睡眠研究报告均显示：寿命、智能与快波睡眠有关，资优儿童及长寿人仕的快波睡眠较多，但快波睡眠是由先天遗传决定的。从图二我们可看到在快波睡眠时产生α波使潜意识和意识之间闸门开放，人脑白天意识到感知到的经验及旧的经验程式互相比较修改，自行设计出新程式或修改旧程式用来制造蛋白质改变大脑细胞的构造，形成永久记忆，使更适合生理及心理层面的需要。快波睡眠是遗传性主後天仍具有相当可塑性，透过以下日常方法可帮助追求良好“睡与梦”，获得较长快波睡眠是整体生命力的提升:

①按时早睡早起，配合人体“生物钟”21点至22点入睡，早上五至六点起床，床褥不可过硬或过软，睡房空气清新及光线较暗，注意睡眠姿势，陲前刷牙保持口腔清洁，睡前避免饮酒及进食，有失眠人仕建议睡前用热水洗脚，能刺激足部穴住，使容易入睡。

②优美音乐能对大脑右半球起活跃作用，做梦是由右脑专职。所以平时多欣赏一些喜爱优美音乐可改善左右脑半球脑电波的同步胁调性，对和缓消除紧张和疲劳及改善“睡与梦”有积极功效。

③香味对人体有心理效应也有理化作用，茉莉花香会引起大脑产生期待α波，符合改善“梦”境。

⑤坚持早餐要好，午饭要饱，晚饭要少，对大脑及睡眠有实际效用。从“睡与梦”角度证实少吃肉类，多吃谷物，蔬某、水果等含纤维素和碳水化合物的食物，能使睡眠很甜，可见素食能提高睡眠质量，是值得大力提倡。

⑥保持乐观情绪笑口常开，美“梦”自然与您同伴。

“梦”的研究及总结

由于“梦”都发生在快波睡眠“REM”快速眼球转动期，最近加州大学学者史毅德利用电极黏贴在眼皮上，配合快波睡眠时脑电波一起处理能测知“梦”发生，当做梦後脑电波转变慢波睡眠时眼球也停止转动，电子仪器即产生声响使做梦者清醒及启动录音机，使做梦者可将梦境所见用录音机录下才再入睡。史丹福大学学者伯兹利用特殊低频“粉杠噪音”调制发光二极管眼罩，使睡者能在快波睡眠期诱发“神志清醒的梦”，做梦者可以意识性地左右梦的内容，甚至自由导演出令自己满意的情节与结局，把恶梦转换成美梦或寻求解决日间疑难寻求创造性的答案。

“梦”的科学研究路途是漫长，展望将有一天能助我们真正认识您自己，此时人类就能真正操纵自己的昨天今天明天。尽管本文对“睡与梦”的探讨和改善不能使朋友们真正认识您自己及“梦”，但承认认识您自己及“梦”的重要性，在探讨过程中增强自我信念，至少我们已在这问题上前进一步。

著名中国古代梦研究学者刘文英教授，总结中国古代文学、历史、哲学文献记载梦的资料编写成《梦的迷信与梦的探索》一书，受到中外梦的研究学者重视。繁体字版将由台湾晓园出版公司出版。牛顿杂志《科学与人》/王溢嘉时间专栏，对“人”与“梦”、“心灵”、“物”、“科学”等有极之生动描绘。

托福阅读考试一共多少题

篇7：雅思阅读每篇多少字数

雅思学术类阅读： 所有文章总计长度约在2000到2750字之间。

雅思培训类阅读： 所有文章总计长度约在2400字左右。

A类的文章大致有1500至2000字左右，另外再加上题目的字数，如果想在一小时之内把每个字都读懂，一般是不太可能的，因此需要考生要掌握一些快速阅读的方法。一个是略读法，一个是寻读法。略读指的是快速理解段落大意;寻读就是定位所问的细节，需要灵活的去运用这两种方法。雅思阅读八个题型中只有标题对应题是最典型需要略读法的题，其余的基本上都是这两种方法的结合。

雅思的阅读量大，生词多，学术类考试有很多专业词汇。但这并不是说需要你狂背单词，而是要掌握一定的阅读技巧。首先要熟悉各种题型，弄清文章是搭配标题型还是寻找细节型，才可动眼寻觅。其次，要广泛阅读，训练阅读速度和捕捉信息量的能力。雅思的阅读多是考察综合的阅读能力，不是很短时间内的技巧训练可以解决的。阅读的训练可以从语法、词汇和阅读量三个方面入手。

雅思阅读真题字数太多看不进去?其实只是方法没用对

Step 1 浏览套题

首先，不管是在平时的模拟练习还是正式考试中，当“烤鸭”们拿到一套雅思阅读试题时，首先需要浏览一下整套试卷的大致情况。雅思A类考试包括三篇文章，每篇文章的长度大约在900词左右，内容涉及社科人文等各个领域，一共有40道小题;G类考试包括三个部分，前两个部分一般各包含两篇较短的文章，内容的实用性较强，最后一部分为一篇长度相当于A类的文章，一共也是40道小题。

在考试规定的一个小时之内，考生需要完成试题并且填写好答题纸。阅读部分的考试不同于听力，没有额外时间来填写答题纸，所以“烤鸭”们一定要注意合理地安排好时间，保证能把试题册上的答案准确抄写到答题纸上去;毕竟最后打分的依据只有答题纸上的答案，试题册上是不算数的。

Step 2 略读文章

然后，正式开始做题之前，“烤鸭”们需要先读一读文章的大致框架。为了有效保证大家能“把时间花在刀刃上”，也就是把有限的考试时间充分利用在解题上，一般老师们都会建议大部分学生先读考题然后看文章找答案——部分阅读速度很快、阅读能力很强的学生可以按照自己更加习惯的方式来。但是不管怎样，阅读考题之前，最好还是要对文章有一个大致的了解，这样在读题时才能更好地把握题目的意思以及更加准确地做出预判。那么这时候就需要略读文章了。

“略读”的英文是skimming, 原意就是“to move quickly and lightly over a surface, not touching it or only touching it occasionally” (Oxford Advanced English Dictionary). 那么对应在阅读方法上，skimming就是要求快速阅读而不纠结细节问题、只寻找要点和大意。例如，在日常生活中，有时人们会在吃早餐的过程中阅读当天的晨报，因为基本上比较赶时间，人们会选择迅速地看一下今日头版头条然后翻看各页的新闻标题来了解大致情况，这实际上就是一个“略读”的过程。

类比到雅思阅读中，“烤鸭”们在正式读题做题之前，应该先阅读文章的标题(title)，弄明白这篇文章主要谈论的话题是什么。有些文章还有副标题(subtitle)或引言(introduction), 这些也是需要在这一阶段进行阅读的，它们往往是对文章标题的进一步说明。值得注意的是，很多“烤鸭”以为这些读不读都无所谓，经常直接跳过就去看正文了，这实际上是不对的。

从剑桥雅思真题集里的一些练习中，我们可以看到，文章的标题和引言也是可以用来出考题的。例如，剑8 Test 3 Passage 1 “striking back at lightning with lasers”的第一道题：

1. The main topic discussed in the text is

A. the damage caused to US golf courses and golf players by lightning strikes.

B. the effect of lightning on power supplies in the US and in Japan.

C. a variety of methods used in trying to control lightning strikes.

D. a laser technique used in trying to control lightning strikes.

由于题目问的是main topic, 而雅思阅读文章的标题一般就是对主题的概括总结，因此根据文章的标题striking back at lightning with lasers, 很快就能选出D选项为正确项。

再比如剑8 Test 2 Passage 3 “the meaning and power of smell”中的33题：

33. According to the introduction, we become aware of the importance of smell when

A. we discover a new smell.

B. we experience a powerful smell.

C. our ability to smell is damaged.

D. we are surrounded by odours.

题干中明确提出了是“according to the introduction”, 因此解题时直接找到引言中对应的文字即可。

另外，还有一些文章本身格式比较特殊，可能会包含一些段落标题(heading), 也可以在略读过程中参考一下，帮助理解文章结构。

最后还有一点经常被忽略的就是标题的配图。部分雅思阅读文章的标题旁边会配有一张图片，也可以帮我们迅速抓住文章主体内容，特别是在文章标题中有生词甚至是文章没有标题的情况下，图片会非常有用。例如剑7 Test 4 Passage 1 “Pulling strings to build pyramids”, 有些小“烤鸭”不认识pyramid这个词，但是标题旁边画的正是一个金字塔，一目了然，这样马上就能猜到这个词对应的就是金字塔的意思了。

当然，如果文章的标题实在太过于抽象，同时又没有副标题、引言或是配图进行补充说明的话，这个时候就需要看一看文章的第一段了。例如剑11 Test 2 Passage 3 “Neuroaesthetics”, 文章的标题“neuroaesthetics”让人一头雾水，即使勉强能辨别出“neuro-”表示与“神经”相关，”aesthetics”表示“审美，美学”，还是不太明白两边合在一起想表达什么。

这时候读一读第一段开头：An emerging discipline called neuroaesthetics is seeking to bring scientific objectivity to the study of art, and has already given us a better understanding of many masterpieces. 通过这句话我们就能理解这是一门新兴的学科，能把科学与艺术相联系起来。这样在后续读题时“烤鸭”们就能做到心中有数了。

Step 3 了解题型

在对要读的文章有了了解以后，最后一步就是看看这篇雅思阅读文章都要考些什么题型了。一般来说，每篇文章会考查到2-4种题型。每位考生应该根据自己的水平和对各题型的掌握情况，合理安排好答题时间，总体遵循“先易后难”的顺序，保证把时间多花在能做好做对的题目上。尤其是一部分目标分数不需要特别高的“烤鸭”们，在考试中不要纠结于几道难题而耗费大量时间。

所谓“一叶障目不见泰山”，每道试题的分值都是相等的，完全没有必要过度纠结，适当放弃也是理智的选择。至于说哪些题型属于“回报率高”的题型，可能各人的感受有所不同，笔者将在以后的系列文章中再进行详细讨论。

雅思阅读填空题需注意字数要求并忠实原文

问：老师，雅思阅读时间一小时总是非常紧张，而且有时找到关键词啦，结果对答案还是错的，尤其在纯填空上，怎样改进?

回答：雅思阅读填空需要注意以下三点：

1，符合字数要求(尤其是two words容易看成three)

2，尽量忠实原文(大小写、单复数、the/a)

3，适当语法改动(例如主动变被动)

建议反复研究强化阅读教材77页的29-35题那个summary(paper recycling)

雅思阅读考试技巧：问答题答题步骤

回答问题(short-answer question tasks)

回答问题是根据所给文章或图表回答问题。在IELTS阅读测试中通常是用下列单词提问：. what、which、when、where、who、whose、whom、why、how 等。除了利用上述单词进行提问外，有时会在答题指引中将所提问题列出。

回答问题答题步骤：

1. 仔细查看答题指引，了解回答何种问题。

2. 查看例句，确定答题方式。

3. 要确定问句的种类，一般疑问句可按正常形式回答(例如：yes/no)，如果是选择疑问句或者是以wh/how开头的问句就一定要具体回答

4. 仔细理解问句所提问题。

5. 特别要注意问句中所提问题的关键词语(例如：单数、复数)，以及问句中表明数量、时间、地点的词语。

6. 将问句中的关键词语与文章中相关句子中的词语进行匹配。

7. 确定问句与文章中相关句子含义是否一致，得出答案。

★ 托福阅读一共多少道题

★ 新托福考试的复习方法

★ 托福阅读题型基本知识科普

★ 托福阅读提速要改变做题心态

★ 托福阅读哪些题型错误率高

★ 带你了解托福与雅思的区别

★ 托福阅读备考重点

★ 托福自学三个月复习计划怎么写

★ 解读托福听力中的主旨题

★ 如何提高托福阅读分数

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