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托福阅读一共多少道题

时间：2022-11-25 07:45:19 其他范文收藏本文下载本文

托福阅读一共多少道题（精选10篇）由网友“jxr”投稿提供，下面是小编整理过的托福阅读一共多少道题，欢迎阅读分享，希望对大家有所帮助。

托福阅读一共多少道题

篇1：托福阅读一共多少道题

1、托福三篇文章(如遇加试时从五篇中随机选三篇)计分，每篇12-14道题。

2、三篇文章回答正确的题目数量加起来就能得出托福阅读总分。

3、除重要归类题和观点题以外，每道题的分值都是1分。

4、重要观点题的分值可能是2分。归类题为3或4分。

5、考试所得分数范围：0-30分。

托福阅读成绩计算方法

托福阅读部分，总共有3篇文章(如遇到加试，则随机3篇文章算分，另1篇文章不算分)。每篇文章700个字，对应14道题目。其中，13道题是基础信息和推断题，每道题1分。最后一道题是小结题，俗称大题，满分2分。大题一般情况下是6选3，3个选项错一个扣一分，扣完为止，即在答题中错2或3个选项，这个题目不得分。

如果得到25分以上，那就等于总分有可能上100分，而100分是申请美国名校的比较有竞争力的分数。如果得到20分以上，那就意味着总分有可能到80分以上，这个分数是申请美国前100名学校时比较基本的分数。

篇2：托福阅读一共多少道题

1. 细节题(Factual Information)

2. 事实否定题

3. 推论题(Inference)

4. 修辞题

5. 指代题(Reference)

6. 词汇题(Vocabulary)

7. 句子简化题(Sentence Simplification)

8. 插入句子题(Sentence Insertion)

9. 文章总结题(Prose Summary)

10. 图表信息题(Fill In A Table)

托福阅读做题方法

文章大致看完之后，才能开始做题。做题时，应牢记以下几点：

(1)每篇文章的题目基本上根据文章布局一步一步向前推进，即使有个别题打乱文章布局，在题干里总是有提供信息的关键词将考生带入文章的具体部位。

(2)做题时，根据题干或选项的关键词回归文章寻找重现关键词或其释义的语言区域，同时排除相应的选项。

(3)到难句子时，最直接有效的方式就是对其进行句子结构分析，迅速把握整个句子的意思，不要盯着单个的词不放，不然就会因小失大。

(4)每个问题的四个选项或者是对文章中相关部分的正确释度、或者是歪曲原文、或者与原文毫不相干。换句话说，命题专家在设置试题时会玩一些文字游戏，用各种表达形式让考生晕头转向、雾里看花。考生应该明白自己的职责是辨别真伪，找到合符文章意思和题意的选项。

新托福阅读核心词汇总结

思考类动词总结

Think/assume/conceive/conclude/expect/

determine/hold/judge/presume/reckon/see/

sense/suppose/comprehend/consider/deduce/

infer/deliberate/evaluate/examine/meditate/

mull/mull over/muse/ponder/rationalize/reason/

reflect/resolve/ruminate/speculate/

study/turn over/weigh/contemplate/convey

思考类名词总结(观点/概念/理论)

Notion/idea/view/concept/perception

perspective/observation/examination

witness/judgment/approach/hypothesis

impression/supposition/theory/thought

apprehension/comprehension/realization

consideration/interpretation/understanding

speculation/version/picture/inclination/ideology

支持类单词总结

Support/maintain/insist/hold/uphold/agree/

accede/admit/consent/assent/verify/revel in/

glory in/believe in/dictate/celebrate/value

反对类单词总结

Contradict/decline/disagree/dispute/dissent/

oppose/protest/refuse/abandon/neglect/

disapprove/condemn

核心的;主要的;基本的;内在的

essential/chief/crucial/core

fundamental/main/key/inborn

principal/elementary/primary

indispensable/central/vital

underlying/inherent/intrinsic/inborn

重要的;显著的

important/valuable/substantial/big/considerable/

critical/crucial/decisive/earnest/exceptional/marked

meaningful/momentous/paramount/salient/significant/weighty

eminent/influential/outstanding/distinctive/esteemed/grand

honored/illustrious/leading/majestic/notable/powerful

prominent/remarkable/solid/superior/conspicuous

限制/阻挠

limit/confine/compress/decrease/lessen

narrow/bar/bind/cap/check/constraint/curb

impede/inhibit/obstruct/restrict/cramp

diminish/block/choke/frustrate/hamper

hinder/retard/stall/throttle/thwart

退步

decline/halt/repress/recession/cease/fall

减少

decrease/abate/curb/curtail/drop/ebb

evaporate/fade/lower/reduce/restrain/shrink

slacken/slump/subside/wane/diminish/subtract

增加/发展

increase/develop/enlarge/expand/grow/raise

advance/aggrandize/amplify/augment/boost/

broaden/enhance/enlarge/escalate/extend

further/heighten/inflate/magnify/mount

progress/proliferate/spread/swell/widen

篇3：新托福阅读试题一共多少题

新托福阅读试题一共多少题

托福阅读题型有哪些?

题目类型包括：图表题(schematic table)，篇章总结题(prose summary)(从给出的选项中选择能够概括文章内容的句子)，词汇题(vocabulary)(在一定的上下文中)，指代关系题 (reference)，简化句子题(sentence simplification)，插入文本题(insert text)，事实信息题(factual information)，推断题(inference)，修辞目的题(rhetorical purpose)以及否定排除题(negative factual information)(例如，下列各项均正确除……之外。)在完成答题的过程中，考生可以使用“复查”功能瞬间找出没有回答的题目，而不必每道题都检查一遍。

下面我们来看下具体的评分转换标准如下：

原始分=最终得分

42--41=30

40--39=27--30

38=28

37--36=26--28

35--33=25--27

32=23--25

31--30=22-24

29=20--22

28--27=19--22

26=19--21

25--24=18--21

23=16--18

22--21=15--18

20=14--16

19--17=12--16

16--15=9--15

14=9--13

13--12=5--13

11=3--13

10--9=0--13

8=0--11

7--1=0--4

托福阅读TPO32第1篇:Plant Colonization

【1】Colonization is one way in which plants can change the ecology of a site. Colonization is a process with two components: invasion and survival. The rate at which a site is colonized by plants depends on both the rate at which individual organisms (seeds, spores, immature or mature individuals) arrive at the site and their success at becoming established and surviving. Success in colonization depends to a great extent on there being a site available for colonization—a safe site where disturbance by fire or by cutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level at which the invading species can become established. For a given rate of invasion, colonization of a moist, fertile site is likely to be much more rapid than that of a dry, infertile site because of poor survival on the latter. A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded by a large variety of weeds, whereas a neighboring construction site from which the soil has beencompacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material may remain virtually free of vegetation for many months or even years despite receiving the same input of seeds as the plowed field.

【2】Both the rate of invasion and the rate of extinction vary greatly among different plant species. Pioneer species—those that occur only in the earliest stages of colonization—tend to have high rates of invasion because they produce very large numbers of reproductive propagules (seeds, spores, and so on) and because they have an efficient means of dispersal (normally, wind).

【3】If colonizers produce short-lived reproductive propagules, then they must produce very large numbers unless they have an efficient means of dispersal to suitable new habitats. Many plants depend on wind for dispersal and produce abundant quantities of small, relatively short-lived seeds to compensate for the fact that wind is not always a reliable means of reaching the appropriate type of habitat. Alternative strategies have evolved in some plants, such as those that produce fewer but larger seeds that are dispersed to suitable sites by birds or small mammals or those that produce long-lived seeds. Many forest plants seem to exhibit the latter adaptation, and viable seeds of pioneer species can be found in large numbers on some forest floors. For example, as many as 1,125 viable seeds per square meter were found in a 100-year-old Douglas fir/western hemlock forest in coastal British Columbia. Nearly all the seeds that had germinated from this seed bank were from pioneer species. The rapid colonization ofsuch sites after disturbance is undoubtedly in part a reflection of the large seed bank on the forest floor.

【4】An adaptation that is well developed in colonizing species is a high degree of variation in germination (the beginning of a seed's growth). Seeds of a given species exhibit a wide range of germination dates, increasing the probability that at least some of the seeds will germinate during a period of favorable environmental conditions. This is particularly important for species that colonize an environment where there is no existing vegetation to ameliorate climatic extremes and in which there may be great climatic diversity.

【5】Species succession in plant communities, i.e., the temporal sequence of appearance and disappearance of species is dependent on events occurring at different stages in the life history of a species. Variation in rates of invasion and growth plays an important role in determining patterns of succession, especially secondary succession. The species that are first to colonize a site are those that produce abundant seed that is distributed successfully to new sites. Such species generally grow rapidly and quickly dominate new sites, excluding other species with lower invasion and growth rates. The first community that occupies a disturbed area therefore may be composed of species with the highest rate of invasion, whereas the community of the subsequent stage may consist of plants with similar survival rates but lower invasion rates.

1.According to paragraph 1, how does disturbance of a site influence its colonization by a plant species?

A.Disturbance reduces or eliminates competition by other species.

B.Disturbance increases negative interactions with other organisms on the site.

C.Disturbance prevents a plant species from colonizing a new site.

D.Disturbance reduces the fertility of a site.

2.The word “virtually” in the passage (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to

A.almost totally.

B.unusually.

C.consistently.

D.unnaturally.

3.Why does the author mention a plowed field and a construction site in the passage?

A.To argue that sites that have been affected by human activity tend to be colonized slowly.

B.To illustrate the kind of sites that may be invaded by weeds.

C.To contrast sites in terms of their suitability for colonization.

D.To explain that exposing or compacting the soil results in successful colonization.

4.The word “despite”(paragraph 1) in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.without.

B.almost never.

C.even though.

D.perhaps.

5.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage (paragraph 2)? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A.The seeds of pioneer species are usually carried by the wind to fertile sites, where they reproduce very efficiently.

B.Pioneer species are successful invaders because they produce lots of seeds that are dispersed effectively.

C.Pioneer species produce their largest numbers of propagules during the earliest stages of their colonization.

D.Pioneer species reproduce very quickly and efficiently because they produce very large number of seeds.

6.What can be inferred from paragraph 3 about the reason that large seeds are dispersed by birds or small animals rather than by wind?

A.Large seeds are easier for birds and animals to see than are the small seeds dispersed by the wind.

B.Large seeds are too heavy for the wind to disperse.

C.Large seeds cannot be eaten by birds and animals.

D.Large seeds are short-lived and thus require a more efficient means of dispersal than small seeds do.

7.The phrase “the latter adaptation” in the passage (paragraph 3) refers to

A.producing fewer seeds.

B.producing larger seeds.

C.dispersal by birds and small mammals.

D.producing long-lived seeds.

8.The word “viable” in the passage (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to

A.able to survive.

B.individual.

C.large.

D.remaining.

9.The example of the 100-year-old Douglas fir/western hemlock forest in paragraph to illustrates which of the following ideas?

A.It is uncommon for older seed to germinate.

B.Pioneer species tend to prefer forest floors for colonization purposes.

C.Long-lived seeds of pioneer species can successfully germinate over long periods of time.

D.Coastal British Columbia is particularly suited for pioneer species to develop.

10.According to paragraph 4, how do plants manage to germinate in areas with great climatic diversity and climatic extremes?

A.By producing seeds only during favorable climatic conditions.

B.By generating large numbers of seeds.

C.By colonizing only those areas where other plants have survived.

D.By producing seeds that have a wide range of germination dates.

11.The word “abundant〃 in the passage (paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to

A.new.

B.improved.

C.suitable.

D.plentiful.

12.According to paragraph 5, which of the following determines the sequence in which plant species will colonize a site?

A.The extent of growth of a species on a prior site before it begins to colonize a secondary site.

B.The differences in invasion and growth rates across species.

C.The degree of fertility of a site.

D.The kind of disturbance that the site has undergone.

13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where does the sentence best fit? They require relatively little protection or nutrients.

Species succession in plant communities, i.e., the temporal sequence of appearance and disappearance of species is dependent on events occurring at different stages in the life history of a species.■【A】Variation in rates of invasion and growth plays an important role in determining patterns of succession, especially secondary succession.■【B】The species that are first to colonize a site are those that produce abundant seed that is distributed successfully to new sites.■【C】Such species generally grow rapidly and quickly dominate new sites, excluding other species with lower invasion and growth rates. The first community that occupies a disturbed area therefore may be composed of species with the highest rate of invasion, whereas the community of the subsequent stage may consist of plants with similar survival rates but lower invasion rates.■【D】

14. Prose Summary

The ecology of a site is changed through its colonization by new plants that arrive and grow there.

A.The species that first colonize a disturbed site are typically ones that produce a large number of efficiently dispersed seeds.

B.Plants that cannot successfully compete with other species can invade and colonize a site only if it is fertile and moist, such as a plowed field.

C.Pioneer species arrive at a site first but have lower survival rates than do species that arrive later.

D.Producing seeds that germinate at various times over long periods allows some plants to colonize sites that only occasionally present the right conditions for growth.

E.Large, long-lived seeds tend to result in large seed banks with short germination periods requiring favorable environmental conditions for development.

F.The successive appearance and disappearance of species on a site is a result of variation in species' rates of invasion, growth, and survival.

托福阅读答案

1.第1段第4句话，通过火灾和砍伐的干涉要么消除竞争对手要么降低竞争的强度。

2.virtually表示”实际上，几乎“, 程度上对应almost totally。

3.第一段第5、6句话，肥沃的土地植物入侵的速度快，反之亦然。

4.despite 尽管，对应even though 尽管/即使。

5.原句强调了先锋物种入侵速度快的两个原因，一是能够产生大量可繁殖的种子，二是拥有有效的传播途径。原句和fertile sites没有关系，A错;C没有提到种子的繁殖力; D没有提到传播途径，只有B满足原句的条件。

6.第3段第2，3句：小种子通常靠风传播，大种子由鸟和动物实现传播。

7.the latter adaptation，后一种适应性，段落开头讲的是短命种子，所以后一种适应性是指长命种子。

8.viable，有生命力的，对应A。

9.该例子的前一句话为观点句, 例子是为了说明观点，即长命种子在森林地面上很繁荣。

10.该段的第1句话，发芽时间的变化。

11.abundant，表示”丰富的“，对应D。

12.该段第二句话，succession 对应colonize a site。

13.they指代species. 原句说该物种的生存要求很低，就意味着他们更能存活，原句接下去可能阐述该物种如何靠着该优势来侵占土地繁殖。

14.A选项: 对应第2段的核心意思，第2句话;

B选项: 原文中没有明确说明的信息;

C选项: 违背原文意思，第三段最后一句;

D选项: 对应第4段的核心意思;

E选项: requiring favorable environmental conditions for development是原文中没有明确说明的信息;

F选项: 对应第5段的核心意思。

篇4：托福阅读十几分要对多少道题

托福阅读十几分要对多少道题?本文为您全面解读托福阅读评分标准，毕竟弄清楚托福阅读是怎么算分的也有助于大家在答题时有清晰的认识，至少在迫不得已要舍弃一些题时，知道选择哪一个才划算。

托福阅读十几分要对多少道题

托福阅读考试需要完成3篇文章，每篇文章的字数大约有700字左右，每篇文章的出题数是12-14题，平均20分钟/篇。如果遇到加试，会从考试的四篇文章中随机选取三篇计分。这三篇文章中所有回答正确的题目数量加起来就是你的阅读总分。除重要观点题和归类题以外，每道题的分值都是1分，重要观点题的分值可能是2分，归类题为3或4分。考试所得分数范围:0-30分。

托福阅读题型共分为10种：

1. Factual Information questions(事实信息题)

2. Negative Factual Information questions(否定事实信息题)

3. Inference questions(推论题)

4. Rhetorical Purpose questions(修辞目的题)

5. Vocabulary questions(词汇题)

6. Reference questions(指代题)

7. Sentence Simplification questions(句子简化题)

8. Insert Text question(句子插入题)

9. Prose Summary(文章总结题)

10. Fill in a Table(表格填写题)

了解了托福阅读的题型，我们再来看一下托福阅读的计分方式：

托福阅读以选择题为主，除最后的文章总结题和表格填写题之外，每道题的分值都是1分。

文章总结题满分为2分。这道题会给出6个选项，要求考生从中选出3个最能概括文章内容的选项。在评分方面，文章总结题每道题2分。如果这道题没有选对答案或只选对1个选项，不得分;如果这道题选对2个选项，得1分;如果这道题选对了3个选项，得2分。

表格填写题满分为3分。这道题会有2或3栏/行表格，包括5个正确答案选项。考生需要在备选答案中挑出正确选项，并将正确选项拖入表格中的相应位置。表格填写题满分为3分。没有答对或只答对1或2个答案不得分;答对3个答案得1分;答对4个答案得2分;5个全对得满分3分。

在计算出原始分数以后，将被转化为0-30分的最终分数。以下是原始分数与最终分数的对应表：

vertical-align:middle”> 原始分数	最终分数	原始分数	最终分数	原始分数	最终分数
0	0	16	5	32	23
1	0	17	7	33	24
2	0	18	8	34	25
3	0	19	9	35	25
4	0	20	10	36	26
5	0	21	11	37	27
6	0	22	13	38	27
7	0	23	14	39	28
8	0	24	15	40	28
9	0	25	16	41	29
10	1	26	17	42	29
11	1	27	18	43	29
12	2	28	19	44	29
13	2	29	20	45	30
14	3	30	21	--	--
15	4	31	22	--	--

比如，某位学生阅读部分，错了5道小题，3道文章总结题各错一个选项，因此扣去的分数就应该为5+1+1+1=8分，得到的原始分数就是45-8=37分，根据上面的对应表，最终得分应为27分。再如，另一位学生，错了12道小题，3道文章总结题中，1道选错2个选项，另外两道各选错一个选项，则扣分为12+2+1+1=16分，原始分数为45-16=29分，根据对应表，最终分数应为20分。

在上面的分数对应表格中，需要特别注意的是25分和20分的最终分数。如果得到25分以上，那就等于总分有可能上100分，而100分是申请美国名校的比较有竞争力的分数。如果得到20分以上，那就意味着总分有可能到80分以上，这个分数是申请美国前100名学校时比较基本的分数。

大家还需要注意的是0分的最终分数，对应的9分以下的原始分数。在传统考试中，如果不看题目，直接“蒙”，可能会得到一定的分数。而在托福阅读中，如果用“蒙”的方法，可能会得到9分的原始分数，但最终分数就是0分。

此外，正确题目个数与最终分数之间也存在一定的对应关系，具体如下：

正确题目个数	最终分数	正确题目个数	最终分数	正确题目个数	最终分数
0	0	16	6	32	18
1	0	17	6	33	19
2	0	18	7	34	20
3	0	19	7	35	21
4	0	20	8	36	22
5	0	21	8	37	23
6	1	22	9	38	24
7	1	23	10	39	25
8	2	24	11	40	26
9	2	25	12	41	27
10	3	26	13	42	28
11	3	27	14	43	29
12	4	28	15	44	29
13	4	29	16	45	30
14	5	30	16	--	--
15	5	31	17	--	--

托福阅读真题练习：鸟类的进化

托福阅读文本：

The first flying vertebrates were true reptiles in which one of the fingers of the front limbs became very elongated, providing support for a flap of stretched skin that served as a wing. These were the pterosaurs, literally the “winged lizards.” The earliest pterosaurs arose near the end of the Triassic period of the Mesozoic Era, some 70 million years before the first known fossils of true birds occur, and they presumably dominated the skies until they were eventually displaced by birds. Like the dinosaurs, some the pterosaurs became gigantic; the largest fossil discovered is of an individual that had a wingspan of 50 feet or more, larger than many airplanes. These flying reptiles had large, tooth-filled jaws, but their bodies were small and probably without the necessary powerful muscles for sustained wing movement. They must have been expert gliders,not skillful fliers, relying on wind power for their locomotion.

Birds, despite sharing common reptilian ancestors with pterosaurs, evolved quite separately and have been much more successful in their dominance of the air. They are an example of a common theme in evolution, the more or less parallel development of different types of body structure and function for the same reason — in this case, for flight. Although the fossil record, as always, is not complete enough to determine definitively the evolutionary lineage of the birds or in as much detail as one would like, it is better in this case than for many other animal groups. That is because of the unusual preservation in a limestone quarry in southern Germany of Archaeopteryx, a fossil that many have called the link between dinosaurs and birds. Indeed, had it not been for the superb preservation of these fossils, they might well have been classified as dinosaurs. They have the skull and teeth of a reptile as well as a bony tail, but in the line-grained limestone in which these fossils occur there are delicate impressions of feathers and fine details of bone structure that make it clear that Archaeopteryx was a bird. All birds living today, from the great condors of theAndes to the tiniest wrens, trace their origin back to the Mesozoic dinosaurs.

托福阅读题目：

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Characteristics of pterosaur wings

(B) The discovery of fossil remains of Archaeopteryx

(D) The development of flight in reptiles and birds

2. Which of the following is true of early reptile wings?

(A) They evolved from strong limb muscles.

(B) They consisted of an extension of skin.

(D) They required fingers of equal length.

3. The word “literally” in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) creating

(B) meaning

(D) simplified

4. It can be inferred from the passage that birds were probably dominant in the skies

(A) in the early Triassic period

(B) before the appearance of pterosaurs

(D) before dinosaurs could be found on land.

5. The author mentions airplanes in line 8 in order to

(A) illustrate the size of wingspans in some pterosaurs

(B) compare the energy needs of dinosaurs with those of modern machines

(D) establish the practical applications of the study of fossils

6. The word “They” in line 10 refers to

(A) powerful muscles

(B) bodies

(D) flying reptiles

7.According to the passage , pterosaurs were probably “not skillful fliers” (lines 10-11) because

(A) of their limited wingspan

(B) of their disproportionately large bodies

(D) climate conditions of the time provided insufficient wind power

8. In paragraph 2, the author discusses the development of flight in birds as resulting from

(A) a similarity in body structure to pterosaurs

(B) an evolution from pterosaurs

(D) a separate but parallel development process to that of pterosaurs

9. The word “classified” in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(A) perfected

(B) replaced

(D) protected

10. Which of the following helped researchers determine thatArchaeopteryx was not a dinosaur?

(A) Its tail

(B) Its teeth

(D) Details of its bone structure

11. What is the significance of the discovery that was made in southern Germany?

(A) It is thought to demonstrate that birds evolved from dinosaurs.

(B) It is proof that the climate and soils of Europe have changed over time.

(D) It supports the theory thatArchaeopteryx was a powerful dinosaur.

托福阅读答案：

DBBCADCDCDA

篇5：新托福阅读每篇多少道题

新托福阅读每篇多少题

一、托福阅读题目设置

正常情况下，托福阅读一共有3篇文章，如果出现加试，就会多出一篇文章，每篇文章设有12-14个题目，以选择题为主。除最后一道试题外，其他试题都是针对文章的某一部分进行提问的，试题以单选题为主，其出现顺序和文章的段落顺序是一致的。最后一道题是针对整篇文章进行提问的，要求考生从多个选项中挑选若干项对全文进行总结和归纳。

二、托福阅读题型介绍

托福阅读共包括十种类型的题目，它们分别是：

1. Factual Information questions(事实信息题)

2. Negative Factual Information questions(否定事实信息题)

3. Inference questions(推论题)

4. Rhetorical Purpose questions(修辞目的题)

5. Vocabulary questions(词汇题)

6. Reference questions(指代题)

7. Sentence Simplification questions(句子简化题)

8. Insert Text question(句子插入题)

9. Prose Summary(文章总结题)

10. Fill in a Table(表格填写题)

三、托福阅读题目分类

综合以上十种题型，托福阅读又可分为两大类：一类是基础理解题，一类是篇章应用题。题型1-8属于基础理解题，主要考查考生根据文章的词汇、句法和语义内容理解把握重要信息的能力;题型9、10属于篇章应用题，主要考查考生把握篇章结构的能力。由此可见，基础理解题占据了托福阅读试题的绝大部分，也就是说，出题者总喜欢把注意力放在具体的细节上，绝大多数问题都与文章中出现的具体信息有关，答案基本上都能在文章中找到。但是大家也不能忽视了最后一道大题的重要性，因为只有把握了整篇文章的逻辑结构，才有助于更好地理解全文内容，提高做题的正确率。

四、托福阅读题目分值分布

1. 基础理解题

基础理解题(题型1-8)以单选为主，每题1分。

2. 文章总结题

文章总结题(题型9)满分为2分，要求考生从6个选项中选出3个最能概括文章内容的选项，如果这道题没有选对答案或只选对1个选项，不得分;如果这道题选对2个选项，得1分;如果这道题选对了3个选项，得2分。

3. 表格填写题

表格填写题(题型10)满分为3分。这道题会有2或3栏/行表格，包括5个正确答案选项。考生需要在备选答案中挑出正确选项，并将正确选项拖入表格中的相应位置。表格填写题满分为3分。没有答对或只答对1或2个答案不得分;答对3个答案得1分;答对4个答案得2分;5个全对得满分3分。

托福阅读句意解释题

这类型题目的题干表达为：Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

解决这类题目的三种方法：

第一种：在保持原句序基本不变的前提下进行重点词汇或者词组的同义替换;

第二种：在句序不变的前提下再进行重点词汇或者词组的同义替换;

第三种：对原句进行总结性重复。

下面我们通过一个例子来看这些方法的具体应用：

Small marketers should be less concerned with whether U.S. and European consumers are alike and more concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences. Attention to the dynamic nature of those factors will produce opportunities for the alert marketer.

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A marketer who is not so smart should be more concerned with the difference of eating habits between U.S. and European consumers and less concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences.

It is not important whether U.S. and European consumers have a similar eating habit. I t is the potential similarities and differences that people should be more concerned with.

Marketers should focus on the factors that account for difference rather than the difference themselves.

Monitoring the variety of foods could explain the potential similarities and differences.

解题：

首先，我们来分析这个句子，整个主句的主语为Small marketers，谓语为be concerned with，宾语为factors，这个分析完成之后，我们采用同意替换的方法，替换其中的重点词组-谓语be concerned with，其同义词为focus on。这样替换完之后把两个句子的意思进行比较，得出正确答案C。这道题目采用了第一种方法。

托福阅读推理题的解析

推理题的题干中常出现infer, imply , most likely (least likely) 或probably 等词语。根据OG，在IBT 阅读的3篇文章中，每篇会有0-2道这类问题，一次考试总共有3-4道推断题。

一、推理题的两大分类：有共性的推理题和无共性的推理题。

这里所谓的有共性推理题就是说题干中有和原文内容相同的关键词(也叫线索)。根据关键词回原文定位，然后进行推理。一般来说，大多数的推理题都属于这类题目。对于无共性的推理题，也就是题干中无线索，一般使用排除法，即根据各个选项的关键词回原文定位，通过排除法得出正确答案。返回原文找信息点，采用排除法是解决这两类题型解决的共同策略。

二、推理题的三个具体的解题思路：

1、一般对比推理：根据两个事情的对比特征，问其中一个事物的特征，只要将与之形成对比的另外一个事情的特征否定掉就可以。

2、时间对比推理：在这种推理中，一般有两个形成对比的时间段，它们所具有的特征一般相反。当题干问一个时间段的特征时，只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否定掉就可以了。

3、集合概念推理：一个大的集合的两个方面形成对比，两者之间存在着互补性关系，也就是一个的增加意味着另一个的减少。反之，相同。这个比较抽象，我们来看一个例子：

例如：Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the civil war, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution.

What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War?

(A) New technological developments had little effect on farmers.

(B) The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined.

(D) Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation.

文中指出：非农业人口的数量和比例都增加了。由此可知农业人口的数量和比例下降，所以(B)为正确答案。

三、解答这类题目需要注意的信息点：

1.日期和数字。

2.关键词：表示多少的副词: many , some, much of, several , a few ,most …;情态动词：may, can , could…;表示过去的：used to be , was, were , at one time, previously ;表示不是唯一的： not only ,not exclusively等。

托福阅读如何拿到28分

分数要求

想得28分以上，一般就是错3个左右，也就是不含加试一篇一个。我给自己的要求：不能错词汇题以外的任何题

阅读时间：

15分钟一篇，一篇13/14道题。(官方要求是20分钟一篇)

13道题中除了4道词汇题(30‘’)1道多选题(1’30‘’)之外，其他题目基本(1‘)一般是在第三段/第四段，大概第8题/第9题的样子，是一段会出2道理解题的段落。题目编排，近几年的TPO一般第一篇第二篇文章偏难，生词多，第三篇简单难度类似早期TPO。

在题目上一般是(细节词汇，细节作用，细节词汇，细节词汇改写，细节词汇，黑点大意)规律就是每一段都会出细节题(In paragraph n...)再加一道其他题，早期一段只有一道题的情况几乎不存在了。

简单的文章可能会出比较难的大意题，尤其是对比型的简单文章。用上面的标准控制时间，用下面的方法去读的话，20分钟一般都是够用的。

我的阅读障碍：

速度：1’大概150-170字，生词量一般而且前后不出现感觉自相矛盾需要停下来想的情况下。

选项：词汇量一般，有时词汇题的相似词汇不造句都感觉不出区别。

新托福阅读真题训练技巧：

1，粗看下文章的段数，对每段大概几道题有个预期。(比如只有5段，那长段肯定是3道题)粗看每段第一句话，对文章的整体意思心中有数。

2，每段段首变成中文理解，以迅速的进入状态，并记忆主要意思。(就算只有一道词汇题，这段的段首也要读)

3，每读一段整理一次逻辑，A支持的观点是，A的观点的问题是B的观点是。。。(记忆法，图像帮助理解，逻辑帮助记忆，生成图像来理解含义，对逻辑部分用色彩记忆红黄绿记忆法，每一段的第一句作为逻辑中心标记黄色，这段如果讲倒推如原因，在脑中的逻辑框架就在红色的区域生成记忆，如果正推将后果等就在绿色区域生成图像，读完全文留下来的会是每一排都是红黄绿三色的逻辑关系，每一段都纵向罗列，如下)红——黄——绿

红——黄——绿

4，鉴于每段都会出细节题，如果有词汇题等先只看一句话，做完了要看到细节题问的什么再看文章，鉴于有四个选项，选一个对的或者不对的，看的时候自己要边看边总结，比如总结出三个步骤，解释了三个方面的问题，或者其他。5，要检查，每个不确定的题都标上guess回来看，我不确定的题错的概率还是非常高的。如果不走神的理解全文，一般15分钟是够的，还能剩下几分钟检查。

新托福阅读真题做题策略：

词汇题、句子改写题——只读该句不读完整段(30‘ _ + 1’_1)耗时3分钟

词汇题看好单词的词性、发出者(是人，是物)，保持一致的最对，看这一句即可。

In the past,whole cities grew from the arduoustask of cutting and piling stone upon. Some of the world’s finest stonearchitecture can be seen in the ruins of the ancient Inca city of Machu Picchu high in the eastern Andes

Mountains

of Peru.猜词是保证不了完全准了，根据意思，这道题排除BD，剩下AC很是纠结，但是看task本身，skilled task这种说法小奇怪，一般是skilled workers，所以选A

The word “arduous” in the passage is closest inmeaning to

○Difficult○Necessary○Skilled○Shared

词汇题对于我一直是难点超爱错，猜出来的，如果有时间检查一定要再看一下，从ETS出题的角度考虑。

篇6：托福阅读考试多少题

托福阅读考试一共多少题?

托福阅读一共有3篇阅读总共45个题目，如果出现加试的话会有5篇，但只会选择其中3篇进行评分.

关于托福阅读题目及分数的问题，大家可以参考托福阅读计分方法：

1、托福三篇文章(如遇加试时从五篇中随机选三篇)计分，每篇12-14道题。

2、三篇文章回答正确的题目数量加起来就能得出托福阅读总分。

3、除重要归类题和观点题以外，每道题的分值都是1分。

4、重要观点题的分值可能是2分。归类题为3或4分。

5、考试所得分数范围：0-30分。

新托福阅读背景知识：梦境的解释

脑神经生理学及精神分析学对“梦”的解释

对梦的解释不论古今中外都引起广泛兴趣及争论，大致可分脑神经生理学及精神分析学两学派：

1.脑神经生理学者克里克“F.Crick”是近代代表者。

他认为做事是为了整理记忆，梦并不是提醒我们什麽，而是通过快波睡眠忘记无用讯息，避免储存讯息过度饱和而造成混乱。做事时主要是大脑的脑干部份产生兴奋，发出讯号引起脑视觉区出现影像，前脑把传送到视觉区讯号勉强编成梦，若浪费精力去解释梦意义是毫无价值。

2.精神分析学者佛浴伊德“S.Freud”认为：人有根多欲望和想法被压抑在潜意识深处。入睡後，彼压抑的欲望和观念便会在梦中偷偷进入意识里，但它们是经过化装的，真实意义已经过象征化或符号化。对梦作分析可以了解压抑与问题所在“也可预先参考图二”。

从电脑学发掘“梦”的新理论

快波睡眠等于做梦吗?实验报告证明快波睡眠期约有百分之七十机会做梦。但如果说快波睡眠就是做梦期，在母体内的胎儿及新生儿，快波睡眠高达百分之五十五至百分百。为什麽人生经验几乎是零的胎儿及新生儿，脑中还有什麽压抑欲望或无用讯息须花费那麽多时间去做梦?不论克里克或佛洛伊德的理论都无法获得满意答案。纽曼“Snowman”和伊凡斯“Cleans”两位学者提出从电脑角度去胁助理解人脑做梦机制，他们把人脑入睡後不能感知外界讯息时比拟电脑需暂停正常运作始能输入新程式或修改旧程式，来解释快波睡眠期可能是人脑在膳录或修改程式的时刻。此新启发性理论可满意解释胎儿及新生儿需要那麽长的快波睡眠，因为他们脑中的蛋白质分子正忙著在其脑纹上膳录生存本能及生活所必需的大量程式。此电脑程式观点不仅能把佛洛伊德和克里克理论互相沟通，同时对于析解各种人脑之谜注前迈跨一步。

新托福阅读背景知识：梦境探讨

梦境探讨

梦是一种正常的生理、心理现象，正如入经过白天活动後需要睡眠让身心获得充份休息来消除疲劳。梦对心理方面具有调和与舒解的作用。假使没有梦，许多人可能早就会得神经病了。佛洛伊德认为：做梦就是正常人发“神经病”，而神经病人就是白天睁著眼睛做“大梦”。梦境这种无意识心理活动是人类的第二精神世界，怛光怪陆离梦境常使人产生迷惑。佛洛伊德在“梦的分析”书中有详尽介绍。分析内容大致分三类：

1.睡眠时躯体受到的刺激：睡眠中如太冷时，会梦见在冰天雪地。太热时，会梦见处身火焰旁。太渴时，会梦见在找寻水源。膀胱胀满时，会梦见找不到厕所。

2.日间活动残迹的作用：所谓“日有所思，夜有所梦”，人们还可在梦中继续白天未完成的智力活动。很多科学家的发明或发现是在梦境中突然领悟出来。

3.潜意识内容的反映：佛氏把梦分“显梦”内容与“潜意”内容两部分，前老好像“谜面”，後者好像“谜底”。精神分析医生工作是根据“梦”的规律进行解析来发掘做梦者被压抑在潜意识内的那些矛盾冲突，帮助病人正确解决其致病情结，从而使获得痊愈。

佛洛伊德把梦分析工作归纳六类：1.象征化，2.移置，3.凝缩，4.投射，5.变形，6.二次加工。

此处从略不详细介绍。梦境不单是受心理方面也受所在环境与生理状况的影响，如睡在生疏的地方，睡中嗅到气味、感到声音等都会影响梦境。

新托福阅读背景知识：梦的研究总结

寿命、智能的改善与“梦”

世界各地睡眠研究报告均显示：寿命、智能与快波睡眠有关，资优儿童及长寿人仕的快波睡眠较多，但快波睡眠是由先天遗传决定的。从图二我们可看到在快波睡眠时产生α波使潜意识和意识之间闸门开放，人脑白天意识到感知到的经验及旧的经验程式互相比较修改，自行设计出新程式或修改旧程式用来制造蛋白质改变大脑细胞的构造，形成永久记忆，使更适合生理及心理层面的需要。快波睡眠是遗传性主後天仍具有相当可塑性，透过以下日常方法可帮助追求良好“睡与梦”，获得较长快波睡眠是整体生命力的提升:

①按时早睡早起，配合人体“生物钟”21点至22点入睡，早上五至六点起床，床褥不可过硬或过软，睡房空气清新及光线较暗，注意睡眠姿势，陲前刷牙保持口腔清洁，睡前避免饮酒及进食，有失眠人仕建议睡前用热水洗脚，能刺激足部穴住，使容易入睡。

②优美音乐能对大脑右半球起活跃作用，做梦是由右脑专职。所以平时多欣赏一些喜爱优美音乐可改善左右脑半球脑电波的同步胁调性，对和缓消除紧张和疲劳及改善“睡与梦”有积极功效。

③香味对人体有心理效应也有理化作用，茉莉花香会引起大脑产生期待α波，符合改善“梦”境。

⑤坚持早餐要好，午饭要饱，晚饭要少，对大脑及睡眠有实际效用。从“睡与梦”角度证实少吃肉类，多吃谷物，蔬某、水果等含纤维素和碳水化合物的食物，能使睡眠很甜，可见素食能提高睡眠质量，是值得大力提倡。

⑥保持乐观情绪笑口常开，美“梦”自然与您同伴。

“梦”的研究及总结

由于“梦”都发生在快波睡眠“REM”快速眼球转动期，最近加州大学学者史毅德利用电极黏贴在眼皮上，配合快波睡眠时脑电波一起处理能测知“梦”发生，当做梦後脑电波转变慢波睡眠时眼球也停止转动，电子仪器即产生声响使做梦者清醒及启动录音机，使做梦者可将梦境所见用录音机录下才再入睡。史丹福大学学者伯兹利用特殊低频“粉杠噪音”调制发光二极管眼罩，使睡者能在快波睡眠期诱发“神志清醒的梦”，做梦者可以意识性地左右梦的内容，甚至自由导演出令自己满意的情节与结局，把恶梦转换成美梦或寻求解决日间疑难寻求创造性的答案。

“梦”的科学研究路途是漫长，展望将有一天能助我们真正认识您自己，此时人类就能真正操纵自己的昨天今天明天。尽管本文对“睡与梦”的探讨和改善不能使朋友们真正认识您自己及“梦”，但承认认识您自己及“梦”的重要性，在探讨过程中增强自我信念，至少我们已在这问题上前进一步。

著名中国古代梦研究学者刘文英教授，总结中国古代文学、历史、哲学文献记载梦的资料编写成《梦的迷信与梦的探索》一书，受到中外梦的研究学者重视。繁体字版将由台湾晓园出版公司出版。牛顿杂志《科学与人》/王溢嘉时间专栏，对“人”与“梦”、“心灵”、“物”、“科学”等有极之生动描绘。

托福阅读考试一共多少题

篇7：托福阅读一共多少分

最后一题针对整篇文章提问，要求考生从多条选择项中挑选若干项对全文进行总结或归纳。新一代托福阅读文章的篇幅比老托福阅读文章的篇幅略长，在此时限中考生可以复查、修改已递交的答案。

与老托福不同的是，考生不需要在答题之前通读全文，而是在做题的过程中分段阅读文章。

篇8：托福阅读一共多少分

托福阅读一旦开始答题，每一篇阅读文章必须先通读或滚动至屏幕末尾，才可以看到问题。一般来说，在每一道题目的回答界面，屏幕右手边是该题所对应的文章部分内容，题目则出现在屏幕的左侧。通过点击屏幕右上方区域的不同功能键，可以实现不同题目间的前进、后退、检查答题情况、查看文本、帮助等功能。同时，屏幕右上方还可以点击选择显示/隐藏的考试所剩余的时间。在每个计时部分剩余时间为0时，考试自动进入下一部分，而不再允许回看。

新托福阅读文章共有三篇，每篇有12—14道题，如果遇到加试，会从考试的五篇文章中随机选取三篇计分。这三篇文章中所有回答正确的题目数量加起来就是你的阅读总分。

除重要观点题和归类题以外，每道题的分值都是1分，重要观点题的分值可能是2分，归类题为3或4分。考试所得分数范围：0—30分。

托福阅读成绩是如何计算的?

托福阅读部分整体42道题，对应原始分数满分为45分。阅读部分共有3篇文章，每篇文章700字，每篇对应14个题目，共15分。其中，13道是基础信息和推断题，每道题1分。

最后一道是小结题，俗称大题，满分2分。大题一般情况下是6选3，3个选项错一个扣一分，扣完为止。换句话说，如果错2、3个，这个题目就不得分。

托福阅读错8个能得多少分?可以从以下托福阅读评分标准中找到答案。

托福阅读满分必备的六大技能

1.主题段和主题句的关键词

托福文章中的主题段和主题句都是参与搭建文章结构的，因此记录它们中的几个关键词对于把握全文的结构非常重要。同时，文章中有很多的重要信息也会包含在这部分内容中。

2.时间和数字

一般来说，出现时间概念的文章或段落通常和时间顺序有关，作者会用不同的时间点串出一条时间线索。而个别数字的出现则意味着这个数字所阐述概念的重要性是不容忽视的，因此，除非文章中出现了数据堆积的现象，考生都需要把数字记录下来。在记录时间和数字时需要注意两个问题，一是在记录时间的同时要同步记录下该时间点所发生事件的关键词，二是无论文章中的时间和数字是什么形式，考生在记录的时候都一律记录成阿拉伯数字，以便于之后做题时的查询。

3.人名、地名和专有名词

这些概念在文章中出现的时候，一般都会出现大写字母或引号等标记，非常有利于信息索引和定位。此外，当提到这几个具体的概念时，文章通常是在用这些概念说明某个理论或者观点，因此记录下这些概念对于理解相关理论和观点可以起到一定的辅助作用。

4.举例主体

有的时候，为了说明某些理论和观点，文章中会出现大段的举例文字。实际上，托福考试中考查这些例子具体内容的时候非常少，而更多的是考查作者使用这些例子的原因或它们所证明的观点。因此，考生在快速笔记中只需要记录下例子是什么就可以了，至于例子中所阐述的具体信息，可以适当忽略。

5.新概念和局部核心概念

所谓“新概念”是指当考生读到文章某个位置时，之前没有出现过的概念。这种新概念的出现，意味着已有的概念已经不能说明这里要阐述的问题，所以，新概念的出现必然也意味着一个重要信息的出现。而“局部核心概念”是指在连续的几个段落中集中阐述的主题概念，对于这种概念来说，无论是作为观点还是举例大家都应该注意，因为它显然是作为重点在文章中被强调的。

6.重要的逻辑关系

很多考生在阅读文章的时候只注意到了文章所阐述的重要内容，但是忽略了信息之间的逻辑关系，因而对信息关联理解不准确，这也是一种严重的错误。因此，在阅读过程中记录下信息之间所产生的逻辑关系可以避免考生丢失信息之间的关联信息。

在记录上述的六个要点时，考生们还需要留意一个很重要的方法，即利用符号进行信息的快速表示。针对上面所谈到的六点，大家需要对两类信息做符号化处理。一是文章中表述相对复杂并且偏长的一些概念，考生可以使用缩写或者个别字母替代的方式来快速记录。另一个需要用符号来表示的就是逻辑关系。很多的逻辑关系都不适合用文字进行阐述，但是用符号确实很容易标记的。

托福阅读瞎蒙技能

1、用前、后缀猜测词义

英语中的前缀、后缀构词颇多，且特定的缀往往表示特定的含义，把握住这一点，可起到以不变应万变的效果。

1)He had been overworking and fell ill at last。

overwork是由前缀over-加动词构成，over有“超过、过于”之意，overwork意思是“工作过多，劳累过度”。再如，overburden负担过重，overcharge要价过高，overdo做得过分。英语中常用的前缀还有：

mis-错，误：misfortune不幸;mislead误导;mismanage处理不当

mid-中央：midnight半夜;midway半路

under-低于：underdone半生不熟的;underestimate低估

anti-反对：antibody抗体;anticyclone反气旋;antifreeze防冻剂

下面划线单词为常见后缀派生词：

1)You must stop dreaming and face reality。(-ty为名词的标志)

2)The country is trying to popularize education. (-ize为及物动词的标志，再如realize, modernize)

2、利用合成词猜测词义

Family members take turns choosing a special activity for the evening, and everyone partakes in for fun。

根据短语构成及上下文意思看，此处partakes in相当于takes part in。再如break out-outbreak(名词爆发)，set out-outset(名词起始)，come in-income(名词收入) 。

篇9：小托福阅读有多少题

小托福阅读有多少题

小托福TOEFL Junior考试主要由三大部分组成：听力、语言形式和含义、阅读，每部分均42道选择题;听力35分钟，语言形式和含义25分钟，阅读50分钟，共110分钟。

阅读理解：初中托福考试评估了在英语媒介的环境中学生的阅读理解能力，包括两项基本阅读形式：

1) 阅读和理解学术文章的能力。学生需要阅读和理解一系列体裁的跨越各个学科域(例如，艺术，人文，科学和社会科学)的学术文章(例如，说明文，传记，议论文，散文)。他们需要阅读不同难度水平的文本，尤其包括那些在英语环境课堂上使用的。在读这些文本时，学生要理解大意和主要的论据信息来做出推断，并且理解核心词汇(不管来自于以前的知识还是文本)以及文本内部的紧密联系(例如，句子之间暗示性的联系)。

2) 依赖于具体的段落的性质，学生必须了解作者的目的，理清逻辑并看懂修辞结构，文章进程和指示，并/或识别并理解比喻性语言。与听力相比，阅读文章不应要求太多的具体背景信息，但是有时候会要求学生去读从学术篇章中学到新信息。

3) 阅读并理解非学术性文章。尽管学术性文章已经英语语言方面的挑战，但学生也必须能阅读非学术性文章。包括通信方面的(例如电邮和信件)，日志，学生著作以及一些更短一些的文章(例如，小册子，广告，时间计划等). 在读非学术性文章时，学生必须解释能够阐释学术性文章的理解细节，也要明白非学术文章的一些显著特征。(例如，一些习语的频繁使用)

小托福阅读题附答案

A simple piece of clothesline hangs between some environmentally friendly Americans and their neighbors.

On one side stand those who see clothes dryers (干衣机) as a waste of energy and a major polluter of the environment. As a result, they are turning to clotheslines as part of the “what-I-can-do environmentalism (环境保护主义).”

On the other side are people who are against drying clothes outside, arguing that clotheslines are unpleasant to look at. They have persuaded Homeowners Associations (HOAs) access the U.S. to ban outdoor clotheslines, because clothesline drying also tends to lower home value in the neighborhood. This has led to a Right-to-Dry Movement that is calling for laws to be passed to protect people’s right to use clotheslines.

So far, only three states have laws to protect clothesline. Right-to-Dry supporters argue that there should be more.

Matt Reck, 37, is the kind of eco-conscious (有生态意识的) person who feeds his trees with bathwater and reuses water drops from his air conditioners to water plants. His family also uses a clothesline. But on July 9, , the HOA in Wake Forest, North Carolina, told him that a dissatisfied neighbor had telephoned them about his clothesline. The Recks paid no attention to the warning and still dried their clothes on a line in the yard. “Many people say they are environmentally friendly but they don’t take matters into their own hands,” says Reck. The local HOA has decided not to take any action, unless more neighbors come to them.

North Carolina lawmakers are saying that banning clotheslines is not the right thing to do. But HOAs and housing businesses believe that clothesline drying reminds people of poor neighborhoods. They worry that if buyers think their future neighbors can’t even afford dryers, housing prices will fall.

Environmentalists say such worries are not necessary, and in view of global warming, that idea needs to change. As they say, “The clothesline is beautiful. Hanging clothes outside should be encouraged. We all have to do at least something to slow down the process of global warming.”

阅读赏析：

这篇阅读理解的主题非常有趣，切入角度很独特：我们是否应该立法禁止用晾衣绳来晾晒衣服。这在我们看来是有点滑稽，有点小题大作，但在美国却成为一个讨论热点。由此我们可以看到一个比较真实的美国：一个环保意识很强，而人情淡漠的国家;一个法律至上，而事实上法律又常常被利益集团所利用，而做出有悖于情理之规定的国家。以上矛盾的对立面往往会从自己的角度，千方百计找到合理的论据，并通过自己的院外游说团影响国会的立法和政府的决策。这是当代真实的美国。如果大家能从文中读出这些背景信息，那么问题自然迎刃而解了。

选择题：

1. One of the reasons why supporters of clothes dryers are trying to ban clothesline drying is that ______.

A. clothes dryers are more efficient B. clothesline drying reduces home valueC. clothes dryers are energy-saving D. clothesline drying is not allowed in most U.S. states

答案：B。由第三段中的because clothesline drying also tends to lower home value in the neighborhood，可知B为正确答案。

2. Which of the following best describes Matt Reck?

A. He is a kind-hearted man.B. He is an impolite man.C. He is an experienced gardener. D. He is a man of social responsibility.

答案：D。从第五段中的Matt Reck, 37, is the kind of eco-conscious person ... 和Reck所发表的言论：Many people say they are environmentally friendly but they don’t take matters into their own hands，可知Matt Reck是一个有责任心的环保主义者。

3. Who are in favor of clothesline drying?

A. Housing businesses.B. Environmentalists.C. Homeowners Associations. D. Reck’s dissatisfied neighbors.

答案：B。由最后一段中environmentalists的观点可知，他们是赞成和鼓励使用clotheslines的。故答案为B。

4. What is mainly discussed in the text?

A. Clothesline drying: a way to save energy and money.B. Clothesline drying: a lost art rediscovered.C. Opposite opinions on clothesline drying.D. Different varieties of clotheslines.

答案：C。由文章第二、三段中On one side ... On the otherside ... 以及后面双方针锋相对的观点可知C为正确答案。

两招轻松解决“小托福阅读目的题”

很多同学都惧怕小托福阅读中的“作者目的题”，一看到目的题就大写加粗的“懵逼”。

有些同学还不清楚什么是“作者目的题”。简单来说，就是问你“why did the author write the passage?”/“The author’s main purpose is to”这类问“作者为什么要写这篇文章”的题目。部分不耐心的同学很抓狂。他为什么要写这篇文章关我什么事啊。为什么为什么哪有这么多为什么你是十万个为什么啊。我是谁我在哪我在做什么。

大家先不要激动，听我慢慢说。

目的题难在哪里?它不仅考察了考生的阅读能力，还考察考生的分析能力。很明显，作者写作文体的目的是要告知某件事情或传递某些信息。接下来我们一起来学习两种解题方法：

01 关注开头

同学们阅读所有文章都要特别关注开头，篇首往往包含了很多重要信息，也是出题人偏好出题的区间。解答“作者目的题”的方法之一就是关注开头。第一句话一般来说都会跟剩下的篇章有关联，看懂了第一句话，也就能明白作者整篇文章的内容。举例：

I'm writing to you because I forgot to mention the try-out show in class today. If you want to sing, act, dance, or do anything else in the talent show, then you should go to the try-outs show tomorrow after school. The try-outs will start at 3:00 p.m. at the school theater.

Q: Why does Mrs. Harrington send the students this e-mail?

A. She won't be in class the next day.

B. She forgot to give them information in class.

C. She didn't tell them about taking the late bus.

D. She doesn't want them to try out for the show.

题目问：为什么Mrs. Harrington要写信给学生?我们回到文章开头。第一句话说，我写信给你们是因为我今天课堂上忘记提到“try-out show”，答案出来了，写信是因为忘记提一件事，选B。

02 关注作者的语言

作者的措辞往往反映了作者的目的。试分析，作者是否尝试告知、说明、解释或展示某个内容。读懂了作者的语言，也就能解题了。来看例子：

It has often been said that laughter is the best medicine. This means that being happy and going through life with a smile will make you healthier. Doctors say that patients who are told jokes or made to laugh often become well more quickly than those who are sad. This is because laughter can relieve stress and help relax the mind as well as the body.

Q: The author’s main purpose is to_________.

A. Give an example of a joke

B. Argue that all old sayings are true

C. Tell sick people about a new medicine

D. Explain that laughter can make you healthier

这段话里，医生说经常听到笑话的病人比那些整日悲伤的病人恢复得快。读完这段话我们可以看出，作者是在尝试解释“笑是最好的治疗药”。因此这题我们选D。

怎么样，同学们看完了“作者目的题”的两种做题方法还迷茫吗?

希望ETS出题能够多一点真诚，少一点套路。也希望同学们多阅读、多思考、多问为什么。以后才不会出现这种情况。

篇10：托福阅读词数多少

托福阅读词数多少

1. 托福阅读共三篇文章，每篇700字左右，平均20分钟/篇;

2. 阅读加试一篇文章，20分钟。有经典加试题，考生可提前准备。

阅读对大部分考生来说是托福考试四个科目中难度最低的一项，它是中国考生平均分最高的一项。

托福阅读的针对性备考训练包括两项。一是对做过的每篇文章做精读，彻底弄懂每个词汇每个句子。二是集中性的做错题。

另外，大部分考生做托福阅读做到23分之后就会进入瓶颈期，就是怎么练习都无法再提高分数。这往往是考生的某些弱项，例如某种特定题型或某种特定题材的文章做不好，考生应该找出自己不擅长的题型题材集中地反复做，找出攻克这种题的方法技巧，一般就会有改善。

要想做好阅读，第一分钟是非常重要的，这一分钟要做两件事，一是文章的方向性把握，二是文章分论点的浏览。先看标题，再花30秒左右的时间看第一段，找出其主要内容+方向+指示词。主要内容就是该篇文章要讲的事情。方向就是作者对他所要说的这件事情的态度，分为正面态度和反面态度，比如对事实真假的判断，对事物好坏的判断。指示词即递进或转折词。如果能力再强点可以多看一点，尽可能找出文章中出现的概念和文章行文的逻辑。

托福阅读练习：2030年人类将需要两个地球

Humans are overusing the planet's resources and will need two Earths by 2030，a new report warns.

一份新报告警示：由于人类过度的使用地球上的资源，到2030年人类将需要两个地球。

According to the Report， human demands on natural resources have doubled in under 50 years and are now outstripping what the Earth can provide by more than half; and humanity carries on as it is in use of resources， globally it will need the capacity of two Earths by 2030.

该报告指出，人类对自然资源的需求量在不到50年内翻了一番，目前已超出地球供应能力的一半。如果人类继续以这种方式消耗资源的话，到2030年，人类需要两个地球才能满足对资源的需求量。

Wildlife in tropical countries is also under huge pressure， with populations of species falling by 60 per cent in three decades.

热带国家的一些野生动植物也承受着巨大的压力，在30年内，动植物的种类已经下降了60%.

And the report， from the WWF， the Zoological Society of London and the Global Footprint Network， said that British people are still consuming far more than the Earth can cope with.

该由世界自然基金会、伦敦动物学会和环球足迹网络共同完成报告指出，英国人资源的消耗量远远仍然超出了地球的的供应量。

If everyone lived such a lifestyle， humans would need 2.75 planets to survive.

如果每个人都过这样的生活方式，人类恐怕需要2.75个行星来维持生存。

The study's authors looked at 8，000 populations of 2，500 species and studied the change in land use and water consumption across the globe.

做该研究的人观察了2500多个物种、8000个种群的生存状况，并研究了全球范围内的土地使用以及水资源消耗的变化情况。

Britain comes 31st in a list of countries based on their 'ecological footprint' - the amount of land and sea each person needs to provide the food， clothes and other products they consume and to absorb the carbon dioxide they emit.

在关于“生命的足迹”这一多个国家排名中，英国位于第31位。“生命的足迹”指每个人维持生存所需的衣食和其他消费品以及吸收一个人排出的二氧化碳所占用的土地和海洋的面积。

The country has fallen down the league table from having the 15th biggest footprint in the last report two years ago， but WWF attributes this to an increase in other countries' impact rather than a reduction in the UK's use of resources.

英国已经从两年前“生命的足迹”排名的第15名下降了。但是世界自然基金会认为是其他国家影响力的增加而不是英国资源消耗的减少导致这一现象的。

This report also carried a warning about the loss of wildlife and ecosystems which people depend on for food， fuel， clean water and other resources - with populations of species declining by 30 per cent worldwide between 1970 and 2007.

该报告也对动植物种类的减少以及生态环境的破坏做出了警告：这是人类获取食物，燃料和其他资源源泉，然而在1970年到2007年之间，世界范围内的动植物的种类已经下降了30%.

So we should be responsible for our actions. Save our “neighbors” and live harmoniously with them. let “green” become our guidebook and lead us to a right direction.

所以我们应该为自己的动作负责，救助我们的邻居，和它们一起和谐的生活，并且让“绿色”成为我们生活的准则，指引我们走向一条正确的路。

托福阅读文章的练习：THE CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION

THE CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION

The geologic timescale is marked by significantgeologic and biological events, including the origin of Earth about 4.6 billionyears ago, the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, the origin ofeukaryotic life-forms (living things that have cells with true nuclei) about 1.5billion years ago, and the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago. Thelast event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period. Animals originatedrelatively late in the history of Earth – in only the last 10 percent of Earth’shistory. During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all modern animalgroups (along with other animals that are now extinct) evolved. This rapidorigin and diversification of animals is often referred to as “the Cambrianexplosion.”

Scientists have asked important questions about thisexplosion for more than a century. Why did it occur so late in the history ofEarth? The origin of multicellular forms of life seems a relatively simple stepcompared to the origin of life itself. Why does the fossil record not documentthe series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals? Why didanimal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists continue to search the fossilrecord for answers to these questions.

One interpretation regarding theabsence of fossils during this important 100-million-year period is that earlyanimals were soft bodied and simply did not fossilize. Fossilization ofsoft-bodied animals is less likely than fossilization of hard-bodied animals,but it does occur. Conditions that promote fossilization of soft-bodied animalsinclude very rapid covering by sediments that create an environment thatdiscourages decomposition. In fact, fossil beds containing soft-bodied animalshave been known for many years.

The Ediacara fossil formation, whichcontains the oldest known animal fossils, consists exclusively of soft-bodiedforms. Although named after a site in Australia, the Ediacara formation isworldwide in distribution and dates to Precambrian times. This700-million-year-old formation gives few clues to the origins of modern animals,however, because paleontologists believe it represents an evolutionaryexperiment that failed. It contains no ancestors of modern animalgroups.

A slightly younger fossil formation containing animal remains isthe Tommotian formation, named after a locale in Russia. It dates to the veryearly Cambrian period, and it also contains only soft-bodied forms. At one time,the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned to various modern animalgroups, but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils representunique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared beforethe end of the period, leaving no descendants in modern animal groups.

Athird fossil formation containing both soft-bodied and hard-bodied animalsprovides evidence of the result of the Cambrian explosion. This fossilformation, called the Burgess Shale, is in Yoho National Park in the CanadianRocky Mountains of British Columbia. Shortly after the Cambrian explosion, mudslides rapidly buried thousands of marine animals under conditions that favoredfossilization. These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animalgroups, plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from anymodern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups.These unassignable animals include a large swimming predator called Anomalocarisand a soft-bodied animal called Wiwaxia, which ate detritus or algae. TheBurgess Shale formation also has fossils of many extinct representatives ofmodern animal groups. For example, a well-known Burgess Shale animal calledSidneyia is a representative of a previously unknown group of arthropods (acategory of animals that includes insects, spiders, mites, andcrabs).

Fossil formations like the Burgess Shale show that evolutioncannot always be thought of as a slow progression. The Cambrian explosioninvolved rapid evolutionary diversification, followed by the extinction of manyunique animals. Why was this evolution so rapid? No one really knows. Manyzoologists believe that it was because so many ecological niches were availablewith virtually no competition from existing species. Will zoologists ever knowthe evolutionary sequences in the Cambrian explosion? Perhaps another ancientfossil bed of soft-bodied animals from 600-million-year-old seas is awaitingdiscovery.

Paragraph1: The geologic timescale is marked bysignificant geologic and biological events, including the origin of Earth about4.6 billion years ago, the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, theorigin of eukaryotic life-forms (living things that have cells with true nuclei)about 1.5 billion years ago, and the origin of animals about 0.6 billion yearsago. The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period. Animalsoriginated relatively late in the history of Earth – in only the last 10 percentof Earth’s history. During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, allmodern animal groups (along with other animals that are now extinct) evolved.This rapid origin and diversification of animals is often referred to as “theCambrian explosion。

托福阅读实用提分指南!

第一要义是把问题读懂

在某种程度上，把问题读懂比把文章读懂更重要。托福阅读除了词汇题、句子插入题和归纳题不需要读问题，其他题目都需要读懂问题。读问题看两点：对应段和关键词。先看问题考的哪一段，把那段读完;再看是考的这一段的什么，是一个概念还是解释某一现象的原因，是实验结果还是实验中的一个细节。读懂了问题，脑海中对于这个问题的考点立即定位了刚才阅读的内容，再去读选项就非常容易选了。

特别需要注意的是排除题，这类题目问题中一定会出现大写的EXCEPT，选择时要选问题不考察的/跟问题不相关的选项。如果你做题时发现有两个甚至三个选项都看着好像对，纠结选哪一个时，不妨找一下问题中有没有出现EXCEPT，很可能你漏看了!

注意区分paragraph和passage

前者指的是文章中的一个自然段，后者指的是整个文章。非词汇题的题目中如果出现了passage则意味着答案可能在全文的任一个段落。

一般来说上一题答案在文中出现的位置必然比下一题答案在文中出现的位置靠前。知道这一点是非常有用的，可以缩小寻找答案的范围。但是有一个情况例外：当题目(非词汇题)中出现了passage，则这个题答案的位置可能在上一题答案位置之后，但也可能在上一题甚至上几题答案的位置之前。

跟随题目读文章

简而言之就是题目考哪一段就读哪一段，跟着题目的顺序读完全文。托福阅读的题目设置非常有秩序，一定是从文章的第一段开始出题，顺着往下走。开始做题时先看题目对应的哪一段，然后不看题目，把对应段读完、读通、读懂，再去做题，你会发现题目一读就懂，选项意思也清晰明了。先读对应段的好处就是让原文在大脑中先入为主，避免了先读题看选项时大脑一片混乱的情况。读完对应段再读题目，这时大脑中对应段是“主”，题目和选项内容是“客”，以“主”的内容甄别“客”的真假，自然就能选对了。

当然，这种方法难免遇到漏看某一段文章的情况，这就要求在做两道题之间检查一下有没有跳过一段，如果跳过了，把跳过的这段和题目要考的那段连起来读。基本上顺着题目读，能对整篇文章的意思了如指掌，每一段也能清楚讲的什么，等做到了最后一道题(归纳题)，根本不用再读文章了。

需要注意的是，以上方法只是托福的应试技巧，并不一定适合其他英文阅读。

技巧性的做题

根据关键词定位

分析题目后定位题目中的关键词，然后根据关键词去文章中找所需要的信息从而选出答案。要注意的是，有时可以根据关键词在原文中找到含有关键词的所需信息;有时关键词在原文中会以“整形”后的面目出现(被同义改写)。所以根据关键词去文中找信息的时候不可以过于死板，要知道原文中的关键词和题目中的关键词未必一模一样!我们在文中需要寻找的是和题目中的关键词意思近似或基本对等的词。比如，government role和government responsibility就基本是对等的。

选项分析排除法

每个问题的四个选项，或者是歪曲原文，或者与原文毫不相干。换句话说，命题专家在设置试题时会玩一些文字游戏，用各种表达形式让考生晕头转向、雾里看花。考生应该明白自己的职责是辨别真伪，找到合符文章意思和题意的选项。

有时仅仅可以通过读题目、选项就可以排除一些错误选项，从而提高准确率和做题效率。

★ 托福110经验