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雅思阅读中信号词的作用

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雅思阅读中信号词的作用（精选10篇）由网友“du”投稿提供，下面小编为大家整理后的雅思阅读中信号词的作用，希望能帮助大家!

雅思阅读中信号词的作用

篇1：雅思阅读中信号词的作用

雅思阅读中信号词的魔法作用

所谓信号词，应该像红绿灯一样，可以给出一些信息来让人们做出相应的反映。雅思阅读中常见的信号词有逻辑连接词、关系词和定位词三大类。它们可以帮助大家缩小一些重点信息在文章中的范围，可以帮助大家寻找一些段落的大意，或者可以帮助大家快速分析长难句的复杂结构，可以帮助大家理解段落之间、句子之间的逻辑关系……更为具体的用法和实例分析请看下文：

1、逻辑连接词：也可以叫逻辑词，或者连接词。英语有将近五十万的词汇量，但是连接词却只有70个左右。常见的逻辑连接词有10种：1. 表示承接和递进、2. 表示时间发展顺序、3. 表示空间发展顺序、4. 表示比较、5. 表示转折、6. 表示总结、7. 表示因果、8. 表示目的、9. 表示强调、10. 表示解释说明。

逻辑连接词可以表明句子之间、段落之间的逻辑关系，帮助大家更好的理解文章，也可以帮助大家更好地分析长难句，当然也可以帮助寻找雅思阅读中的段落大意。更为详细的逻辑词的用法讲解大家可以参考一起来发掘雅思阅读中逻辑词的妙用

2、复合句中的各种表示连接/关系的词汇：雅思阅读中的复合句主要有两种：一类是主从复合句，包括名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句;一类是并列从句。名词性从句中连接从句和主句的词汇叫从属连词，定语从句中叫关系词，状语从句中叫从属连词，并列从句中连接两个并列成分的词汇叫做并列连词。

常见的连接词/关系词有that、whether、if;连接代词/关系代词有what/ whatever, who/ whoever, whom/ whomever, whose/whosever, which/ whichever;连接副词/关系副词有when/ whenever, where/ wherever, how/ however, why。

这些词汇可以帮助大家确定复合句的类型，更好地分析长难句的句子结构，更正确深入的理解句子的意思。大家可以参考一下雅思阅读长难句的分类和实例分析，不仅对这些词汇的作用有一个更为详细和深入的了解，也可以复习一下如何分析复杂句的结构。

3、定位词：雅思阅读中的定位词种类比较多，一般是指从题目或选项中找出来的定位关键词。这些词汇一般比较特殊，比如说是人名、地名、数字、时间、大写字母等，因为在文中比较显眼，可以加快定位速度。如果从更为广义的角度来说，上面的两类词汇可以缩小定位的范围，也可以看成是广义的定位词。

定位词，顾名思义，主要就是定位的作用。同学们在确定定位词之后，到文章中找答案。因为原文和答案基本不会一模一样，大多数同义转述，所以这个过程中同学们需要将定位词进行同义替换，才会更快地发现目标。更多有关定位词的用法分析大家可以参考雅思阅读如何有效定位

雅思阅读考试小范围预测：Passage Two

Reading Passage 2

Title: Storytelling

Which paragraph contains the following information? 无 NB 5题人名理论配

Question types: 对 4题

填空 4题(集中在一个区域)

属于旧题，但是在

回忆中出现较少。

文章内容回顾

于 storytelling, 有亚里士多德，荷马。

这篇文章应该算是本次考试中难度较大的一个，信息段落配对题，乱序的。

题型难度分析：题中，会占据考生大量的时间。人名理论会给学生审题造成压力，致使本文在做题中时间耗费太长。细节配对是雅思考试中比较难的题型，我们来分析一下这类题目的做题技巧：

首先，让我们来了解一下这种题目的出题特点。

1. 彻底同义转换

和其它题型不同的是，这种题型是对原文一句话或者一段话进行的彻底同义转换，

个别甚至是高度概括，因此几乎不存在任何定位词，因此不能根据定位词到原文

中定位答案。考生必须具备非常强的语言理解能力，才能快速识别出文章信息和

段落信息的相似之处，从而找到答案。

2. 完全乱序

题型技巧分析

由于这种题型是要求把细节信息与所在的段落进行配对，因此是绝对打乱顺序出题的。

雅思阅读精读每日一练：小富充大亨愈加容易

今日份雅思阅读内容来自《经济学人》，文章内容有关：标题是：Status contentment，It’s getting easier for the merely rich to live like tycoons(地位满足，小富充大亨愈加容易)，本篇雅思阅读文章建议精读时间：30分钟，阅读难度中等，附雅思阅读高频词汇。在经济停滞时期还能有增长的领域并不多，人们对社会日趋不平等的怨念便是其中之一。供职于美国全国广播公司财经频道CNBC的罗伯特·弗兰克(Robert Frank)是研究美国富豪的专家，他担心富豪们正日渐自成一国。从记者转身成为政客的克里斯提亚·弗里兰(Chrystia Freeland)为“全球新型超级富豪”的崛起以及其他所有人的没落而忧虑。美国最悲观的社会学家查尔斯·默里(Charles Murray)警告说，随着富人们退避至重门深户内，社会正在“分崩离析”。

LAMENTING the rise of inequality is one of the few growth industries in an age of stagnation. One authority on the American wealthy, Robert Frank of CNBC, a TV channel, worries that the rich are “floating off” into their own country. Chrystia Freeland, a journalist-turned-politician, frets about the rise of the “new global super-rich” and the fall of everyone else. Charles Murray, America’s gloomiest social scientist, warns that society is “coming apart” as the rich retreat into their gated communities.

在经济停滞时期还能有增长的领域并不多，人们对社会日趋不平等的怨念便是其中之一。供职于美国全国广播公司财经频道CNBC的罗伯特·弗兰克(Robert Frank)是研究美国富豪的专家，他担心富豪们正日渐自成一国。从记者转身成为政客的克里斯提亚·弗里兰(Chrystia Freeland)为“全球新型超级富豪”的崛起以及其他所有人的没落而忧虑。美国最悲观的社会学家查尔斯·默里(Charles Murray)警告说，随着富人们退避至重门深户内，社会正在“分崩离析”。

At the top of the income scale, however, a small counter-trend is observable. Never before have so many people been able to get access to the accoutrements of tycoonery —private planes, luxury yachts, fancy cars and interior-designed, exclusive homes. There is only so much comfort to be had from the fact that it is easier for the merely rich to lay claim to the lifestyle of the super-rich. But as a result of a combination of new technologies and businesses, that is nonetheless what is happening.

然而，在顶层收入群体中，却可观察到一个小小的逆趋势。从来没有那么多人可以享用到大亨式的行头装备——私人飞机、豪华游艇、炫目豪车，以及装潢考究的高档住宅。小富之人愈加容易拥有巨富的生活方式了，这一点带给人们的安慰颇为有限。不过，由于一系列新科技和新业务的结合，这确实是正在发生的事。

Tycoon living begins with a private jet. Whereas yachts are dispensable (not everyone wants to float around for weeks with the same dinner companions) private jets are necessities for the aspiring billionaire. They save valuable time. Even first-class passengers have to wait an hour or so for their flights. Private-jet owners can turn up when they want and climb on board. The planes can double as flying offices, and you don’t have to worry about other passengers eavesdropping on your deals or objecting to your spreading papers. The flight is smoother (private jets typically fly at 45,000 feet), the seats are more throne-like, and you can bring your pets.

要享受大亨式的生活首先得有一架私人飞机。游艇是可有可无的(并非每个人都喜欢花上好几周时间漂游海上，天天和同一群人用餐)，但对于未来的亿万富翁而言，私人飞机则是必需品。拥有飞机可以节省宝贵的时间。即使头等舱乘客也得为航班等候一小时左右，而私人飞机机主则可随心所欲地即时登机。飞机可以充当空中办公室，不必担心其他乘客听到你谈的交易，摊开报纸也不会有人提意见。飞行也更顺畅平稳(私人飞机一般在45,000英尺的高度飞行)，座椅更加豪华舒适，乘客还可以带上宠物。

No longer do you need a net worth in the hundreds of millions of dollars to have one. With 700 jets, NetJets is now the fifth-largest airline by number of planes, after Southwest Airlines, and it has access to thousands of private airports. Its main innovation was to apply the principle of fractional ownership, or time-sharing, to the ultimate executive tool. Customers buy a share in a jet which entitles them to, say, 200 hours of travel a year.

如今，你并不需要身家数亿美元才能坐拥私人飞机。备有700架喷气式飞机的NetJets现已成为排在西南航空公司之后的第五大航空公司(按飞机数量计算)，可抵达数以千计的私人机场。该公司的主要创新是把所有权共享或分时共享的原则应用在私人飞机这一“高管终极交通工具”上。客户购买私人飞机的部分所有权进而获得一定使用权，比如，每年200小时的飞行时数。

NetJets is skilled at providing its rich clients with an entrée into the cultural world of the super-rich, with hard-to-get tickets to events such as Art Basel, a series of art fairs, and to private dinners with celebrities. The company is also finding ways to bring down the cost: one of its latest ideas is the private-jet equivalent of London Underground’s electronic ticket, the Oyster card. Rather than buying a share in a jet you can buy a pre-paid card that entitles you to a certain number of flying hours a year, with 25 hours’ worth of flights adding up to about ?155,000 ($163,435).

NetJets善于把一般富人领入超级富豪的文化世界，让其跻身巴塞尔艺术展(Art Basel)的系列展会这类一票难求的盛事以及名流的私人晚宴。该公司也正在想办法降低成本：最新的一个创意是推出类似伦敦地铁电子票“牡蛎卡”的私人飞机搭乘卡。你不必拥有私人飞机的部分所有权，只需购买一张预付卡，每年便可享用一定飞行时数，25小时的飞行约花费155,000欧元(163,435美元)。

The sharing economy was hardly inspired by the needs of the rich. But in some ways it suits them perfectly. The whole idea depends on people having spare assets that they are willing to rent out to total strangers. Who has more idle assets than the super-rich? And who loves extra income more than people who have spent their lives accumulating money? On the other side of the market, bustling plutocrats are an ever-present source of demand for temporary accommodation and bursts of luxury. The system can even have a strange public-relations benefit. A wealthy boss who makes use of NetJets won’t need to explain to his shareholders why he bought a jet, even as he treats the one he flies on as though it were his own.

分享经济并非由富人的需求所催生，但在某些方面，这一经济模式却完全贴合其需求。这一模式的整体理念是基于人们拥有空闲资产且愿意出租给陌生人。谁能比超级富豪拥有更多闲置资产?谁又会比这些终生金钱挂帅的人更爱额外收入?在市场的另一边，在商界忙碌的小富豪们对临时租用住所和时不时的豪奢生活总有需求。分享经济甚至能带来一种奇特的公关效益。豪阔的老板们可以通过NetJets享用如同自有私人飞机的服务，而无须向股东解释为何斥资购买私人飞机。

Uber, a ride-hailing firm, and Airbnb, an accommodation-sharing service, are prominent in the luxury market as well as the mass market. Uber offers yacht trips in Dubai (UberYacht) and helicopter commutes in S?o Paulo (UberCopter). Airbnb does a booming trade in luxury apartments in London, Hong Kong and the Caribbean. There are providers in almost every cranny of the luxury landscape. GetMyBoat, a San Francisco-based company, gives customers access to motorboats, luxury houseboats, yachts and jet skis in 7,100 places around the world. Stratajet sells tickets on empty legs on private jets for the price of a business-class ticket or even less. Staller, which describes itself as the “Airbnb for horses”, helps horse-owners rent stalls near equestrian competitions. A home-sharing club called ThirdHome.com allows people with just a couple of homes to live as if they have a dozen.

网约车公司优步及住宿分享服务公司Airbnb除了在大众市场大行其道，在奢侈品市场的服务也很突出。优步在迪拜提供游艇旅行服务(优步游艇)，在圣保罗推出直升机接送服务(优步直升机)。Airbnb在伦敦、香港、加勒比海的豪华公寓业务兴旺。富豪生活的方方面面几乎都有公司在提供服务。总部位于旧金山的GetMyBoat在全球7,100个地方向顾客出租摩托艇、豪华船屋、游艇及水上摩托。Stratajet以等同甚至低于商务舱的票价出售私人飞机的空驶航段机票。Staller自称是“服务马匹的Airbnb”，帮助马主在马术竞赛场地附近租借马厩。名为“ThirdHome.com”的房屋共享俱乐部让仅拥有三两套房子的人们像是十多套房子的主人那样到处旅行居住。

The same constraints that affect the wider sharing economy—NIMBY pressure groups who put their interests above the common good and regulators who fail to adapt to new technology—find echoes in the luxury market. With its helicopter service from Manhattan to the Hamptons, Blade has immeasurably improved the life of those New Yorkers who weekend on Long Island. That hasn’t prevented curmudgeons in Battery Park and Brooklyn Heights from complaining about the occasional whump-whump-whump over their heads.

但奢侈市场同样面临更大范围共享经济所面对的制约——将自己利益置于大众利益之上的邻避压力群体及无法适应新技术的监管者。Blade提供从曼哈顿到汉普顿的直升机服务，大大方便了到长岛度周末的纽约人，但无法阻止炮台公园和布鲁克林高地的倔老头们抱怨头顶偶尔出现的直升机轰鸣声。

From merely rich to Uber rich 从小富到超级富

Methods of managing wealth as well as consuming it are trickling down. Until recently only people called Rockefeller and Morgan could afford so-called “family offices” that manage their investments, taxes and charitable giving (and get entry into the best hedge funds). Now people with as little as $5m to invest can afford to do so thanks to a boom in so-called “multi-family” offices. Banks such as Citigroup have set up multi-family divisions. Even blue-blooded wealth advisers such as Rockefeller & Co, in Manhattan, are offering family-office services to the “merely” crowd.

除了消费财富，管理财富的方法也正一点点向下渗透。以往只有那些名叫洛克菲勒和摩根的名门望族才有能力设立所谓“家族理财室”来管理自己的投资、税务及慈善捐赠(并涉足最优质的对冲基金)。现在，由于“多家族理财办公室”的兴起，即使只有500万美元投资资金的人们也能享用这一服务。花旗集团等银行已设立了多家族理财部门。连曼哈顿的洛克菲勒公司(Rockefeller & Co)这类高贵的投资咨询公司也开始为小富人群提供家族理财服务。

That things are getting better for more rich people does not contradict Mr Frank’s broader worry, but among the Art Basel class it is a notable shift. Once upon a time you had to be born rich to join the global elite. Then you had to make a hundred million dollars, and then the threshold rose to a billion. Now goods and services that used to be confined to a handful of tycoons are available to the millionaire or pretend-millionaire next door, thanks to the magic of the sharing economy. The super-rich may be floating off into their own country. But more people can join them, even if temporarily, than ever before.

更多富人的生活质量得到提升与弗兰克更宽泛的忧虑并不矛盾，但在巴塞尔艺术展的观众人群中，这是个显著的转变。在过去，你必须出身富贵才能打入全球精英圈子。之后是你得赚上一亿美元，后来门槛又上升到十亿。然而由于分享经济的魔力，以前仅限于少数大亨专享的商品和服务现在连隔壁的百万小富或装阔之人也能享用。超级富豪们也许是越来越自成一国，但史无前例地，更多的人可以加入其中，即便只是暂借的奢华。

雅思阅读高频词汇

time-sharing 分时

temporary 临时

temporarily 暂时

sharing economy 分享经济

ride-hailing firm 专车服务公司

ownership 所有权

nonetheless 尽管如此

floating off 漂浮了

dispensable 可有可无的

constraint 约束

business-class ticket 商务舱机票

bring down 降低

篇2：雅思阅读信号词怎么找

雅思阅读信号词怎么找

一、顺接和递进

例词：also, furthermore, moreover, what is more, in addition…

考点：And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom… (C6, P28, Q31找标题)

解析：And在这句话开头，有一定的递进含义，this wisdom则是指代了前面一句话出现的their wealth of traditional knowledge(因纽特人传统的知识)，所以这两句话有紧密的联系，同学们在读题的时候要通过发现信号词，然后发散地看它的前后句，最后把考点考察的意思补充完整。

二、对比和转折

例词：however, but, although, nevertheless, on the other hand, by comparison, while

考点：But such projects must be built to higher specifications and with more accountability to local people and their environment than in the past. (C7 P24 Q20)

解题：此题是段落大意配对题，在确定H段段落大意时，段落中间but之后出现的那句话就是解题的关键，根据句子中出现的两个比较级，可以确定答案应该为X The need to raise standards.

考点：While suggestopedia has gained some notoriety through success in the teaching of modern languages, few teachers are able to emulate the spectacular results of Lozanove and his associates. (C7 P27 倒数第二段 Q39, 40)

解析：段首句用while引起注意，我们可以根据success, 和后半句中的few teachers, spectacular results, 搞定最后两个填空题。

三、相似

例词：similarly, in other words, that is, put another way, as …

考点: Thus, we concluded that the blind interpret abstract shapes as sighted people do.(C4, P28, Q40)

解析：题目考的是对文章的总结。因此解题时重点看文章中表示结论的句子，thus这个单词给了我们提示，而句子中的as...do表达的是一个相似的逻辑，因此答案可以确定为B。

四、排列次序

例词：firstly, second, another, the second, the most, the best, next, then, now, later, since, eventually, finally…

考点：First, it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second, it lacked the grammatical resources required to represent the world i an objective and impersonal way,... (C5, P49, Q30-31)

解析：题目30-31考的是并列和否定的逻辑关系，原文中的first, second, 对应的就是题目中的neither...nor...这个并列关系，这两题的答案就迎刃而解了。

考点：First mechanism, then mass use of chemical fertiliser and pesticides, then monocultures, then battery rearing of livestock, and now genetic engineering – the onward marching of intensive farming has seemed unstoppable in the last hal- century, as the yields of produce have soared. (C7, P44, Q15)

解析：段首句连用表示次序的信号词，first, then, then… and now, 体现发展的不同阶段。(the stages of development of farming industry C7 P77 选择配对)

五、强调作用

例词：in fact, in essence, in particular, emphasize…

考点：This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology- to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates… (C5, P21, Q18 信息包含题)

解析：信息包含题考察细节是在哪个段落出现，在做此类题目时，要注意信号词与考点的密切相关性，从而迅速找准答案。这里出现了in essence(实质上)，起了一定的强调作用，迅速扫读后，发现同时出现了题目关键词sociobiology, 破折号后面的介词to表目的，与题目中的the general aim of一致对应。

六、最高级、比较级

例词：–est, most, best, more, better, superior, inferior, preferable, exclusively, extremely...

考点：Making a rapid emotional assessment of the events of the moment is an extremely demanding job for the brain, animal or human. (C5, P44, Q24)

解析：题目中出现了最高级the most difficult tasks, 因此在原文中也应该相应的出现最高级。除了明显的the most, -est, 还有些单词本身也含有最高级的含义，比如extremely, exclusively, superficially, 文中的这个extremely demanding对应的就是题目中的最高级，所以答案也确定。

七、因果关系

例词：as, because, since, lead to, as a result, result in, consequently, therefore, thus, the caused of…

考点:Until recently, not much was known about the topic, and little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying. Perhaps as a consequence, schools would often deny the problem.(C6, P94, Q33)

解题：题目问的是学校否认问题反应了什么，就是这个现象的根本原因。因此原文中consequence就给解题提供了信息，根据consequence之前的一句话就可以将答案找到。

八、举例子和说明

例词：for example, for instance, that is to say, i.e., such as, including…

考点：Other substances were then introduced: including fillers, such as woodflour, asbestos or cotton… (C5, P39, Q5 流程图)

解析：我们看到such as后面是举例子，such as后面的例子可以作为定位词，woodflour, asbestos, cotton就是fillers的其中一种。Fillers在这里就是一个概括性的词语，常常是考点。

雅思阅读考试小范围预测：Passage One

Passage 1

Title: 一个人对 Sacks 的书“Musicophilia”的书评

单选 4题

Question types: YES/NO/NOT GIVEN 6题

Sentence completion 3题

文章内容回顾一个人对 Sacks 写的 music 与 brain 的 book 的评价。

题型难度分析还是以选择和是非无判断题为主。

剑桥

推荐原文练习：剑5-3-1、剑6-1-1、剑7-2-1

雅思阅读考试小范围预测：Passage Two

Passage 2

Title: Storytelling

Which paragraph contains the following information? 无 NB 5题人名理论配

Question types: 对 4题

填空 4题(集中在一个区域)

属于旧题，但是在

回忆中出现较少。

文章内容回顾

于 storytelling, 有亚里士多德，荷马。

这篇文章应该算是本次考试中难度较大的一个，信息段落配对题，乱序的。

首先，让我们来了解一下这种题目的出题特点。

1. 彻底同义转换

和其它题型不同的是，这种题型是对原文一句话或者一段话进行的彻底同义转换，

个别甚至是高度概括，因此几乎不存在任何定位词，因此不能根据定位词到原文

中定位答案。考生必须具备非常强的语言理解能力，才能快速识别出文章信息和

段落信息的相似之处，从而找到答案。

2. 完全乱序

题型技巧分析

由于这种题型是要求把细节信息与所在的段落进行配对，因此是绝对打乱顺

雅思阅读精读每日一练：圣诞节如何变成购物节?

THERE were no neatly wrapped presents. Nor were there tinseled trees or Santa Claus. Christmas in preindustrial Europe and America looked very different from today’s iteration. Drunks, cross-dressers and rowdy carolers roamed the streets. The tavern, rather than the home or the church, was the place to celebrate. “Men dishonor Christ more in the twelve days of Christmas, than in all the twelve months besides,”—so despaired Hugh Latimer, chaplain to King Edward VI, in the mid-1500s. Some 200 years later, across the Atlantic, a Puritan minister decried the “lewd gaming” and “rude reveling” of Christmas time in the colonies. Those concerns seem irrelevant now. By the end of the 19th century, a rambunctious, freewheeling holiday had turned into the peaceable, family-centred one we know today. How?

没有包装整洁的礼品，没有俗丽的圣诞树，也没有圣诞老人。工业化前的欧洲和美洲的圣诞节和他们现在每年过的，看起来很不一样。人们在大街上痛饮、异装秀、欢唱。酒馆才是庆祝圣诞节的地方，家里或教堂不是。在15，爱德华六世的牧师Hugh Latimer悲叹道“人们在圣诞节12天里对上帝的不敬，比在其它12个月里加起来都多”。大概200年后，一个新教的牧师谴责了北美殖民地里圣诞节期间人们进行的下流游戏和放纵的狂欢。但是，这些景象，和现在似乎已经不相关。到了19世纪末，圣诞节这个粗暴放纵的狂欢节，已经变成了我们如今所见的平和的，以家庭为中心的节日，这种转变怎么发生的?

Men dishonor Christ more in the twelve days of Christmas, than in all the twelve months besides。

人们在圣诞节12天里对上帝的不敬，比在其它12个月里加起来都多

In early modern Europe, between about 1500 and 1800, the Christmas season meant a lull in agricultural labor and a chance to indulge. The harvest had been gathered and the animals slaughtered (the cold weather meant they would not spoil). The celebration involved heavy eating, drinking and wassailing, in which peasants would arrive at the houses of the neighboring gentry and demand to be fed. One drinking song captured the mood: “And if you don’t open up your door, / We will lay you flat upon the floor.” Mostly this was tolerated in good humor—a kind of ritualized disorder, when the social hierarchy was temporarily inverted. Some were less tolerant. In colonial Massachusetts, between 1659 and1681, Puritans banned Christmas. They expunged the day from their almanacs, and offending revelers risked a five-shilling fine. The ban did not last, so efforts to tame the holiday picked up instead. Moderation was advised. One almanac-writer cautioned in 1761 that “The temperate man enjoys the most delight, / For riot dulls and palls the appetite.” Still, Christmas was a public ritual, enacted in the tavern or street and often fuelled by alcohol.

在近现代早期的欧洲，也就是公元1500年至1800年，圣诞季意味着农业劳动的停息和放纵的机会。农田的收成在库，牲畜已经宰杀(天冷让宰杀后动物的肉不容易腐败)。庆祝活动涉及大吃大喝，期间农民们会去临近的乡绅家里要求接受款待。一首歌反应了当时的心情“如果你不开门，我们就让你从竖着走的人变成横着躺的人”。大部分时候，农民们的行为会被善意的容忍，这是一种仪式化的失序，社会阶层短暂的发生倒置。

That soon changed. Cities had expanded at the turn of the 19th century to absorb the growing number of factory workers. Vagrancy and urban poverty were by now common. Rowdiness at Christmas could turn violent, with bands of drunken men roaming the streets. It’s little surprise that members of the upper classes saw a threat in the festivity. In his study of the holiday, Stephen Nissenbaum, a historian, credits a group of patrician writers and editorialists in America with recasting it as a domestic event. They refashioned European traditions, like Christmas trees from Germany and Christmas boxes from England, in which the wealthy would present cash or leftovers to their servants. St Nicholas, or Santa Claus, whose December name day coincided with the Christmas season, became the holiday’s mascot. Clement Clarke Moore’s poem “A Visit from St Nicholas”, first publized in 1823, helped popularize his image. In it, a jolly Santa descends via reindeer-pulled sleigh to surprise children with presents on Christmas Eve. Newspapers also played their part. “Let all avoid taverns and grog shops for a few dazays,” advised the New York Herald in 1839. Better to focus on “the domestic hearth, the virtuous wife, the innocent, smiling, merry-hearted children.”

情况很快就变了。城市在19世纪末吸收了更多的工厂工人。流浪和城市贫困至今都普遍，在当时更是严重的问题。一群醉汉在圣诞期间的大街上游荡可能会引发暴力。所以上层社会的人把这个节日视为威胁毫不奇怪。历史学家Stephen Nissenbaum把圣诞节被驯化为家庭内部节日归功于上层社会的作家和编辑们。他们复兴了欧洲的传统，如来自德国传统的圣诞树，圣诞礼品盒本来是英国的富人用来给佣人们装剩菜或钱等礼物的。

It was a triumph of middle-class values, and a coup for shop-owners. “Christmas is the merchant’s harvest time,” one industry magazine enthused in 1908. “It is up to him to garner in as big a crop of dollars as he can.” Soon this new Christmas would become a target of criticism in its own right: as commercialized and superficial. Nevertheless it lives on.

这是中产阶级价值观的胜利，也是零售店主们的出乎意料的好运。“圣诞节是商人们收获的季节”，一份工业杂志在19兴奋的表示。“只要他能，想挣多少钱就能挣到多少钱”。没多少时间，这种新的庆祝圣诞节的方式本身就成为批评的目标：因为过于的商业化和肤浅。但是，我们仍然这么过。

雅思阅读经济类高频词汇

enthuse：热心

garner：获得，储存

tinseled：亮闪闪的，俗丽的

iteration：重复，迭代

tavern：酒馆

chaplain：牧师

lewd：下流的

revel：狂欢

decry：谴责

rambunctious：粗暴的

wassailing：痛饮

almanac：年历

expunge：擦除

Rowdiness：吵闹

Vagrancy：流浪

It’s little surprise 毫不奇怪

patrician：上层社会的

virtuous ：善良的

grog shop：小酒馆

enthuse：热心

garner：获得，储存

序出题的。

篇3：雅思阅读信号词讲解

例词：similarly， in other words， that is， put another way， as …

考点： Thus， we concluded that the blind interpret abstract shapes as sighted people do.(C4， P28， Q40)

解析：题目考的是对文章的总结。因此解题时重点看文章中表示结论的句子，thus这个单词给了我们提示，而句子中的as.。.do表达的是一个相似的逻辑，因此答案可以确定为B。

雅思阅读信号词之四、排列次序

例词：firstly， second， another， the second， the most， the best， next， then， now， later， since， eventually， finally…

考点：First， it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second， it lacked the grammatical resources required to represent the world i an objective and impersonal way，。。. (C5， P49， Q30-31)

解析：题目30-31考的是并列和否定的逻辑关系，原文中的first， second，对应的就是题目中的neither.。.nor.。。这个并列关系，这两题的答案就迎刃而解了。

考点：First mechanism， then mass use of chemical fertiliser and pesticides， then monocultures， then battery rearing of livestock， and now genetic engineering – the onward marching of intensive farming has seemed unstoppable in the last hal- century， as the yields of produce have soared. (C7， P44， Q15)

解析：段首句连用表示次序的信号词，first， then， then… and now，体现发展的不同阶段。(the stages of development of farming industry C7 P77 选择配对)

篇4：雅思阅读信号词讲解

例词：in fact， in essence， in particular， emphasize…

考点：This， in essence， is the problem of modern sociobiology- to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates… (C5， P21， Q18 信息包含题)

解析：信息包含题考察细节是在哪个段落出现，在做此类题目时，要注意信号词与考点的密切相关性，从而迅速找准答案。这里出现了in essence(实质上)，起了一定的强调作用，迅速扫读后，发现同时出现了题目关键词sociobiology，破折号后面的介词to表目的，与题目中的the general aim of一致对应。

雅思阅读信号词之六、最高级、比较级

例词：–est， most， best， more， better， superior， inferior， preferable， exclusively， extremely.。。

考点：Making a rapid emotional assessment of the events of the moment is an extremely demanding job for the brain， animal or human. (C5， P44， Q24)

解析：题目中出现了最高级the most difficult tasks，因此在原文中也应该相应的出现最高级。除了明显的the most， -est，还有些单词本身也含有最高级的含义，比如extremely， exclusively， superficially，文中的这个extremely demanding对应的就是题目中的最高级，所以答案也确定。

雅思阅读信号词之七、因果关系

例词：as， because， since， lead to， as a result， result in， consequently， therefore， thus， the caused of…

考点：Until recently， not much was known about the topic， and little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying. Perhaps as a consequence， schools would often deny the problem.(C6， P94， Q33)

雅思阅读信号词八、举例子和说明

例词：for example， for instance， that is to say， i.e.， such as， including…

考点：Other substances were then introduced： including fillers， such as woodflour， asbestos or cotton… (C5， P39， Q5 流程图)

解析：我们看到such as后面是举例子，such as后面的例子可以作为定位词，woodflour， asbestos， cotton就是fillers的其中一种。Fillers在这里就是一个概括性的词语，常常是考点。

攻克雅思考试学术类阅读方法

一、雅思学术阅读理解准备步骤:

一般来说有五个步骤:快速阅读、断句、词汇记忆、模拟练习和总结技巧。

1、快速阅读：平时进行大量的快速阅读。可选的阅读材料有：TIME, NEWSWEEK, THE ECONOMIST, CHINADAILY, 21st CENTURY等。因为雅思考试与时代紧密相连，具有一定的时效性，所以报刊文章为泛读的首选。阅读报刊文章应选择一般性的题材，如科普，社会问题，学术观点性的文章，而政治，军事，尖端科技的文章可以略过。采取的阅读方式为快速阅读。

2、难句突破:在精读和雅思考试中，将复杂的难句提取出来，然后分析句子结构，彻底消化难点。虽然在雅思阅读中不可能再现原句，但难句的结构基本没有变化。

3、词汇:词汇量不够，应该是一个词汇惊喜。雅思词汇量约为6000至8000个单词。词汇量少也是导致阅读理解缓慢的一个重要因素。

4、模拟练习:下一步将做雅思模拟考试，进一步熟悉考试类型。熟练阅读问题。有两点需要特别注意:第一，雅思阅读中必须熟悉各种题型，雅思考试报名,雅思报名尤其是主观题，如简答题、填空、小结等。第二，看题目，因为雅思阅读题比较灵活，可以对/错/没有给出答案，所以先看你想做什么，然后开始，不要做“没用的”。

5、总结技巧:注意分析日常阅读理解，总结解决问题的技巧。如果个人复习情况不好，可以根据自己的实际情况选择合适的补习班。

经过全面的复习，我们将进入考场。在考场上，考生需要掌握以下实用技能，才能发挥出水平:

首先，考生应该明确雅思是一种现实生活中的语言应用，所以雅思阅读要遵循现实生活中的阅读习惯——检索信息。考生应牢记雅思阅读原则:阅读不是为了阅读，而是为了解决问题。当你做题的时候，你应该先看题目，然后带着问题到课文中去寻找、检索和定位信息，而不是试图理解每一个句子。不要贪心读书，到目前为止，雅思考试没有拿到满分，所以我们要保持冷静的心态。提出一些问题是很正常的。不要因为某个问题造成更多的损失，考生应该充分意识到放弃意味着什么。

其次，是在试卷上作记号。一方面做记号帮助集中注意力，不受外界干扰，尽快进入做题状态。另一方面，在看不懂的地方做记号，提高阅读速度。考生们阅读速度的一大障碍就是在难点处反复回视。实际上，一个句子回头看两遍还不至所云，就应在旁边打一个问号，跳过。如果问号的地方涉及考题，再回过头细读。IELTS与TOEFL不同，大家不仅可以在考卷上作记号，还要在平时训练中养成做记号的快速阅读习惯。

第三，考试时一定要把握好时间的节奏。先快速浏览这三篇文章，然后从你认为哪个更容易开始。学术阅读理解文章数量为3篇，时间为60分钟。每篇文章平均分配20分钟。不要在一篇文章上花太多时间。

考生只要掌握如何应对考试，明确生活中的阅读习惯，综合实战技能，就完全能够在阅读理解中取得理想的成绩。

雅思阅读分类词汇：环境类

conservation 保护，保存 ( conserve)v.s. conversation

environmentalist = conservationist

acid 酸酸的 (alkali)acid rain

carbon 碳 (C) v.s. charcoal (炭)carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide

fume exhaust fumesv.s. smoke, fog, smog

petroleum 石油à petrol (BE) = gasoline/gas (AE)à unleaded petrol/gas

ozone 臭氧 (o + zone)ozone layer

ooze 渗出渗出物

radiation 辐射ultraviolet(UV) radiation~ radioactive

greenhouse 温室greenhouse effect/gases

solar 太阳的 (solar energy)^ lunar (lunar calendar)

phenomenon 现象

catastrophe = disaster, cataclysm

deterioration 恶化 ( deteriorate)

extinction 灭绝 ( extinct)

species endangered species

drought 干旱 (^ “找它”)>>>famine v.s. flooding

recurrent 反复发生的re + (oc)cur + rentv.s. concurrent

inundate 淹没 ^ “淹掉它”

embankment 筑堤 (em + bank + ment)

sediment 沉积(物)= deposit

delta 三角洲the Pearl River Delta

alluvial 冲积的

desertification desert (v.s. dessert)

dust-storm 沙尘暴^ thunderstorm, brainstorm

barren 贫瘠的，不育的，无效的

dune sand dunethe game “DUNE”!

attributable 归因于be attributable to…

deforestation 滥砍滥伐(森林)de + forest + ation afforestation/reforestation

log 原木，日志伐木v.s. logo

vegetation 植物，植被v.s. vegetable, vegetarian

habitat 栖息地 habit (Habit is the second nature.)

ecosystem 生态系统 (eco + system)~ ecolog

雅思词汇速记方法盘点：大浪淘沙法

浪淘沙法：

如果你的目标是一天记住100个单词，那么所需背诵的单词数量要达到500个。因为人的记忆力是有限的，所以不要指望只背20个单词，就能记住全部并且永远不会忘记。将每天背诵的数量定在500个，虽然你实际记住的也许只有100个，但是这100个一定是你记得最牢的。

把没有记住的单词继续放到第二天的计划中，这样天天坚持，就会看到成效。这个方法好比用筛子过滤沙砾，虽然漏掉的是大多数，但剩下的却是精华。要在短时间内背出大量的单词，必须“以量取胜”，持之以恒。

篇5：雅思阅读如何寻找信号词

雅思阅读作为一项专业的语言水平测试，当然不能只依靠容易识别的特殊信号词，文章中的普通信号词对于解题可谓是功不可没。

1)信号词之原因

例如reason, cause, since, in that, as, because, thanks to, owing to, 解释说明某一事物或事件，往往会蕴含重要信息。如'since the lifetime of a planet like ours is several billion years, we can expect that…' 该句是之后简答题'what is the life expectancy of Earth' 的答案信息来源，如果考生只定位Earth, 那就很有可能失分，因为原句对Earth 做了同义替换的表述，而since这个信号词则提示了答案所在的地方。

2)信号词之结论

例如 thus, therefore, so, hence, consequently, as a result, 这些词往往是对前面所论述的总结归纳，例如 'Tortoises therefore represent a remarkable double return’，该句出现在整篇文章的末段首句，很明显是对前文的总结概括，高度浓缩了信息。最后的主旨选择题，就是对该句的改写：‘they have made the transition from sea to land more than once’。

3)信号词之转折

例如however, but, by comparison, nonetheless, nevertheless，这些词往往表示文章观点或方向的重大转变，重点应该关注信号词后面的内容。如‘this definition implies that iconoclasts are different from other people, but more precisely, it is their brains that are different in three distinct ways’，前半句指出iconoclasts异于常人，用but转折词，强调指出区别的关键地方。这也是选择题‘iconoclasts are distinctive because…' 的出题方向。

4)信号词之让步

例如although, though, while, whereas, whilst等连接的句子，后半句才是引出的话题和强调内容。如'He accurately predicted that Venus would cross the face of the Sun in both 1761 and 1769--though he didn't survive to see either’，前半句讲述他精确预测金星跨越太阳的两次时间，后半句用though引出让步内容，他没有看到任何一次。判断题中‘Halley observed one transit of the planet Venus’主要就是以原文定位句的后半句为判断依据。

5)信号词之举例

例如for example, for instance, that is to say, such as, include, 后面引出具体事物的详细例子，同时原文中破折号和冒号也有异曲同工之妙，对前面的内容补充说明。如‘in other worlds, the life form we are looking for may well have two green heads and seven fingers, but it will nevertheless resemble us in that it should communicate with its fellows, be interested in the Universe, live on a planet orbiting a star like our Sun, and perhaps most restrictively, have a chemistry, like us, based on carbon and water.' 整句话都在解释说明该段的第二个假设'we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us’，所举的例子也是判断题‘SETI scientists are trying to find a life form that resembles humans in many ways' 的判断依据。

6)信号词之顺序

例如first, second, finally, eventually, later, then, next等，体现出文章内容的逻辑性与发展性。如'In discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scientists adopt two ground rules. First,…Second…’，使用first 和second这两个序数词，清晰逻辑地讲述了两个重要的假设。这两个信号词，也是这篇文章heading题型段落大意的重点提示。

7)信号词之比较级

例如more, most, -est, best, better,exclusively, extremely, superior, preferable，表示事物之间的比较，也是文章要强调的地方。如‘one part is a targeted search using the world's largest radio telescopes, the American-operated telescope’，该句的the world's largest radio telescopes 对应了题目中the world's most powerful radio telescopes，答案信息就在这里。

雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案

1 There’s a dimmer switch inside the sun that causes its brightness to rise and fall on timescales of around 100,000 years - exactly the same period as between ice ages on Earth. So says a physicist who has created a computer model of our star’s core.

2 Robert Ehrlich of George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, modelled the effect of temperature fluctuations in the sun’s interior. According to the standard view, the temperature of the sun’s core is held constant by the opposing pressures of gravity and nuclear fusion. However, Ehrlich believed that slight variations should be possible.

3 He took as his starting point the work of Attila Grandpierre of the Konkoly Observatory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. In , Grandpierre and a collaborator, Gábor ?goston, calculated that magnetic fields in the sun’s core could produce small instabilities in the solar plasma. These instabilities would induce localised oscillations in temperature.

4 Ehrlich’s model shows that whilst most of these oscillations cancel each other out, some reinforce one another and become long-lived temperature variations. The favoured frequencies allow the sun’s core temperature to oscillate around its average temperature of 13.6 million kelvin in cycles lasting either 100,000 or 41,000 years. Ehrlich says that random interactions within the sun’s magnetic field could flip the fluctuations from one cycle length to the other.

5 These two timescales are instantly recognisable to anyone familiar with Earth’s ice ages: for the past million years, ice ages have occurred roughly every 100,000 years. Before that, they occurred roughly every 41,000 years.

6 Most scientists believe that the ice ages are the result of subtle changes in Earth’s orbit, known as the Milankovitch cycles. One such cycle describes the way Earth’s orbit gradually changes shape from a circle to a slight ellipse and back again roughly every 100,000 years. The theory says this alters the amount of solar radiation that Earth receives, triggering the ice ages. However, a persistent problem with this theory has been its inability to explain why the ice ages changed frequency a million years ago.

7 “In Milankovitch, there is certainly no good idea why the frequency should change from one to another,” says Neil Edwards, a climatologist at the Open University in Milton Keynes, UK. Nor is the transition problem the only one the Milankovitch theory faces. Ehrlich and other critics claim that the temperature variations caused by Milankovitch cycles are simply not big enough to drive ice ages.

8 However, Edwards believes the small changes in solar heating produced by Milankovitch cycles are then amplified by feedback mechanisms on Earth. For example, if sea ice begins to form because of a slight cooling, carbon dioxide that would otherwise have found its way into the atmosphere as part of the carbon cycle is locked into the ice. That weakens the greenhouse effect and Earth grows even colder.

9 According to Edwards, there is no lack of such mechanisms. “If you add their effects together, there is more than enough feedback to make Milankovitch work,” he says. “The problem now is identifying which mechanisms are at work.” This is why scientists like Edwards are not yet ready to give up on the current theory. “Milankovitch cycles give us ice ages roughly when we observe them to happen. We can calculate where we are in the cycle and compare it with observation,” he says. “I can’t see any way of testing [Ehrlich’s] idea to see where we are in the temperature oscillation.”

10 Ehrlich concedes this. “If there is a way to test this theory on the sun, I can’t think of one that is practical,” he says. That’s because variation over 41,000 to 100,000 years is too gradual to be observed. However, there may be a way to test it in other stars: red dwarfs. Their cores are much smaller than that of the sun, and so Ehrlich believes that the oscillation periods could be short enough to be observed. He has yet to calculate the precise period or the extent of variation in brightness to be expected.

11 Nigel Weiss, a solar physicist at the University of Cambridge, is far from convinced. He describes Ehrlich’s claims as “utterly implausible”. Ehrlich counters that Weiss’s opinion is based on the standard solar model, which fails to take into account the magnetic instabilities that cause the temperature fluctuations.

Questions 1-4

Complete each of the following statements with One or Two names of the scientists from the box below.

Write the appropriate letters A-E in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.

A. Attila Grandpierre

B. Gábor ?goston

C. Neil Edwards

D. Nigel Weiss

E. Robert Ehrlich

1. ...claims there抯 a dimmer switch inside the sun that causes its brightness to rise and fall in periods as long as those between ice ages on Earth.

2. ...calculated that the internal solar magnetic fields could produce instabilities in the solar plasma.

3. ...holds that Milankovitch cycles can induce changes in solar heating on Earth and the changes are amplified on Earth.

4. ...doesn’t believe in Ehrlich’s viewpoints at all.

Questions 5-9

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?

In boxes 5-9 on your answer sheet write

TRUE if the statement is true according to the passage

FALSE if the statement is false according to the passage

NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

5. The ice ages changed frequency from 100,000 to 41,000 years a million years ago.

6. The sole problem that the Milankovitch theory can not solve is to explain why the ice age frequency should shift from one to another.

7. Carbon dioxide can be locked artificially into sea ice to eliminate the greenhouse effect.

8. Some scientists are not ready to give up the Milankovitch theory though they haven’t figured out which mechanisms amplify the changes in solar heating.

9. Both Edwards and Ehrlich believe that there is no practical way to test when the solar temperature oscillation begins and when ends.

雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案

Questions 10-14

Complete the notes below.

Choose one suitable word from the Reading Passage above for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 10-14 on your answer sheet.

The standard view assumes that the opposing pressures of gravity and nuclear fusions hold the temperature ...10...in the sun’s interior, but the slight changes in the earth’s ...11... alter the temperature on the earth and cause ice ages every 100,000 years. A British scientist, however, challenges this view by claiming that the internal solar magnetic ...12... can induce the temperature oscillations in the sun’s interior. The sun’s core temperature oscillates around its average temperature in ...13... lasting either 100,000 or 41,000 years. And the ...14... interactions within the sun’s magnetic field could flip the fluctuations from one cycle length to the other, which explains why the ice ages changed frequency a million years ago.

Answer keys and explanations:

1. E

See the sentences in paragraph 1(There’s a dimmer switch inside the sun that causes its brightness to rise and fall on timescales of around 100,000 years - exactly the same period as between ice ages on Earth. So says a physicist who has created a computer model of our star’s core.) and para.2 (Robert Ehrlich of George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, modelled the effect of temperature fluctuations in the sun’s interior.)

2. A B

See para.3: ?i style=’normal’>Grandpierre and a collaborator, Gábor ?goston, calculated that magnetic fields in the sun’s core could produce small instabilities in the solar plasma.

3. C

See para.8: Edwards believes the small changes in solar heating produced by Milankovitch cycles are then amplified by feedback mechanisms on Earth.

4. D

See para.11: Nigel Weiss, a solar physicist at the University of Cambridge, is far from convinced. He describes Ehrlich’s claims as “utterly implausible”.

5. False

See para.5: for the past million years, ice ages have occurred roughly every 100,000 years. Before that, they occurred roughly every 41,000 years.

6. False

See para.7: “In Milankovitch, there is certainly no good idea why the frequency should change from one to another,” ... Nor is the transition problem the only one the Milankovitch theory faces.

7. Not Given

See para.8: if sea ice begins to form because of a slight cooling, carbon dioxide?is locked into the ice. That weakens the greenhouse effect. (The passage doesn抰 mention anything about locking Co2 into ice artificially.)

8. True

See para.9: there is no lack of such mechanisms. “If you add their effects together, there is more than enough feedback to make Milankovitch work,”?“The problem now is identifying which mechanisms are at work.” This is why scientists like Edwards are not yet ready to give up on the current theory.

9. True

See the sentences in para.9 (According to Edwards, 卙e says. “I can’t see any way of testing [Ehrlich’s] idea to see where we are in the temperature oscillation.”) and para.10 (Ehrlich concedes this. “If there is a way to test this theory on the sun, I can’t think of one that is practical).

10. constant

See para.2: According to the standard view, the temperature of the sun’s core is held constant by the opposing pressures of gravity and nuclear fusion.

11. orbit

See para.6: Most scientists believe that the ice ages are the result of subtle changes in Earth’s orbit, 匛arth’s orbit gradually changes shape from a circle to a slight ellipse and back again roughly every 100,000 years.

12. instabilities

See para.3: ?i style=’magnetic fields in the sun’s core could produce small instabilities in the solar plasma. These instabilities would induce localised oscillations in temperature.

13. cycles

See para.4: …allow the sun’s core temperature to oscillate around its average temperature of 13.6 million kelvin in cycles lasting either 100,000 or 41,000 years.

14. random

See para.4: Ehrlich says that random interactions within the sun’s magnetic field could flip the fluctuations from one cycle length to the other

篇6：雅思听力中的信号词

第一种是语片语段中的信号词

在语言的运用中，我们发现在意义上相互联系的词会同时出现在同一语篇中，这些词语属于同一个词汇套，形成了Lexical Chain，因而，当人们遇到其中一个便可以很快会联想这个词汇链中的其它词汇，例如，我们听到post office，我们就可以联想到send， stamp， package.所以当一个词汇链的词语出现在一个语篇或者语段中，这些词语就能衔接句子，起到连句成篇的作用。

这也就是为什么我们在雅思听力练习备考前我们一定要准备相关的场景词汇，每一个场景中的相关词汇就是一个巨大的词汇链，有了这样强大的词汇链做基础，你就迈出雅思听力的第一步第二种是听力原文中的逻辑信号词

我们无论是说话还是写作，都会有一定的篇章逻辑，而这些逻辑是需要相关的逻辑词汇进行连接。在雅思听力考试中，雅思听力练习, 雅思听力考试它出题的思路也是按照说话者的逻辑顺序来的，也就是说，雅思听力技巧,雅思考试怎么准备正确答案总是喜欢出现在某些逻辑词汇之后，因此掌握这些逻辑词汇，在我们听到它们的时候，就可以很快的搜索到我们要的答案。这类词汇不仅对听力很有帮助，雅思报名官网对于写作来说也是大有裨益的

把这些词汇分为六大块

1 表示列举，增补关系的信号词

这类的信号词出现的时候，就说明下文出现的内容和前文是同类事物，或者对前文的补充说明，而不会是新的或者相反的信息。

and in addition to one more thing what‘s more besides either also too as well as for instance for example furthermore such as like likewise similarly moreover together

2 表示转折或者对比关系这一类的词汇在雅思听力中是黄金出题点，任何一套试卷中，这一类词汇是100%要有考点出现的，而且还不少，所以大家一定要仔细掌握这一类词汇。当你在听力中听到这一类词汇的时候，雅思听力练习, 雅思听力考试必须集中注意力，说话者是在提醒你相面将要提供的信息是新的或者相反的有改变的信息。

Although by/in contrast as a matter of fact nevertheless instead however otherwise while thought but despite on the contrary on the other hand in the same way in spite of yet whereas 3 表示顺序喝序列关系的信号词

这一类信号词是帮助大家将分开的信息或者考点连接起来，这一类的信号词并不是考点的设置的高频地方，它起到的作用是帮助大家理清说话者的陈述次序。

First second last but not least third in the middle after between before next for a start afterward finally for one thing for another in the first place first of all to begin with meanwhile until subsequently previously then

4 表示解释或者强调关系的信号词

这一类信号词是暗示下文对前文的解释以及澄清，是为了加深理解而进行的进一步相关陈述。这一类词后面所出现的内容也往往是考试的重点所在雅思听力练习, 雅思听力考试因为很多学生对这一类词并不敏感，答案就很容易从耳边飘过

That is in particular I mean namely especially actually in other words that is to say specially another way of saying equally

5 表示因果关系的信号词

这一类信号词是表达因果关系，因果关系也是雅思听力中的一个重要考点设置，而且由于因果关系的句子很容易进行句式的改换，雅思听力技巧,雅思考试怎么准备所以这就让这个考点显得比较难。Anyhow，我们必须要先掌握这一类词汇

As a result therefore so for since for this reason because consequently thus

6 表示归纳，结论性关系的信号词

这一类信号词会出现在一段文字或篇章临近结尾的地方，这个地方也是一个重要的考点 As a result altogether finally in short therefore overall in sum thus on the whole in brief to conclude in a word consequently to sum up to summarize in conclusion

篇7：雅思听力中的信号词

这一类的信号词是信号词中最最重要的一部分内容。这类词是在卷子中的题目上划出来的，一般分为：名词，动词，形容词，以及填空题所填空前后的单词。能够掌握这一类信号词是能否提高雅思听力成绩的重中之重，但是由于这一类的词汇没有特定的范围，不同的题目有不同的词汇。这一类信号词要配合雅思听力中的细节定位法来使用，是破题的有效手段。

雅思听力考不好，是你的方法不对

怎么听?

如果你喜欢用软件在电脑上做听写，下篇会推荐超好用的听写软件，如果你喜欢用笔做听写，follow me!

听写的流程：

1.先听一遍材料(材料不宜过长，花费时间长&易疲劳)，了解大致内容(如果时间允许的话)

2.分节点听写，所谓的节点就是你的短暂记忆能撑到的最长的地方，通常是一个短句子或者是一个句子的从句、主句，先把你听到的东西大致写下来。

3.再听一遍，适时地停顿，把刚才听写漏掉的东西补上去(用不同颜色的笔标记出来)

4.对照文本，进行最终的纠正(继续用其他颜色的笔标记)

5.总结听写中听不明白的单词、词组

6.跟读，拿掉文本，录音说一句你说一句，或者根据节点停顿跟读，巩固听力顺便练习口语。

听什么?

听写材料其实可以根据个人的喜好选择，但是需要注意的是：

1.听写的材料不宜过长，前面提过，本身听写的过程就会花费比较长的时间，如果听写的材料长就更加花时间了，而且会很疲倦，难以坚持下去。

2.听写的材料尽量挑选贴近生活、贴近雅思考试的材料，首先确实需要应试，其次这样的材料积累下来的词汇、句子也更有可能用得上，再次，这样的材料比较简单嘛。

Tips：

1.虽然短期可能没什么效果，但希望大家能坚持下去，听写或者其他学英语的方法都不是一步登天的，如果大家能严格练习+总结，总会有效果的。

2.听写不一定要锱铢必较，特别是听力中的语气词、名字、特殊名词之类的可以直接用首字母代替或者忽略，相信大家也知道这些东西不很重要。

3.听了3遍实在听不出来的就投降吧，等对照文本的时候再仔细研究总结。

4.注重总结和跟读的过程，巩固+进步都靠它啦。

雅思听力增强语句表现力的五大技巧

雅思听力考试技巧一、避免使用语意弱的“be”动词

1、把句中的表语转换为不同的修饰语。例如：

Weak: The trees are bare. The grass is brown. The landscape seems drab. Revision:The brown grass and bare trees form a drab landscape. (转换为前置定语)

Or: The landscape, bare and brown, begged for spring green. (转换为并列结构作后置定语)

2、将作表语用的形容词或名词变为行为动词。例如：

1) Weak: The team members are good players.

Revision: The team members play well.

2) Weak: One worker's plan is the elimination of tardiness.

Revision: One worker's plan eliminates tardiness.

3、在以“here”或“there”开头的句子中，把“be”动词后的名词代词变成改写句的主语。例如：

1) Weak: There is no opportunity for promotion.

Revision: No opportunity for promotion exists.

2) Weak: Here are the books you ordered.

Revision: The books you ordered have arrived.

雅思听力考试技巧二、多用语意具体的动词，保持句意简洁明了

例如：

1、Poor: My supervisor went past my desk.

Better: My supervisor sauntered (=walked slowly) past my desk.

2、Poor: She is a careful shopper.

Better: She compares prices and quality.

雅思听力考试技巧三、尽量运用主动语态

例如：

1、Weak: The organization has been supported by charity.

Better: Charity has supported the organization.

2、Weak: The biscuits were stacked on a plate.

Better: Mother stacked the biscuits on a plate.

雅思听力考试技巧四、防止使用语意冗长累赘的词语

例如：

1、Wordy: My little sister has a preference for chocolate milk.

Improved: My little sister prefers chocolate milk.

2、Wordy: We are in receipt of your letter and intend to follow your recommendations.

Improved: We have received your letter and intended to follow your recommendation.

3、Redundant: We had a serious crisis at school yesterday when our chemistry laboratory caught fire.

Improved: We had a crisis at school yesterday when our chemistry laboratory caught fire.

4、Redundant: My sister and I bought the same, identical dress in different stores.

Improved: My sister and I bought the same dress in different stores.

雅思听力考试技巧五、杜绝滥用陈旧词语或难懂的专业术语

例如：

1、Weak: They will not agree to his proposals in any shape or form.

Improved: They will not agree to any of his proposals.

2、Weak: I need her financial input before I can guesstimate our expenditures next fall.

Improved: I need her financial figures before I can estimate our expenditures next fall.

篇8：雅思阅读5大类型信号词

雅思阅读5大类型信号词汇总

一、顺接和递进

例词：also, furthermore, moreover, what is more, in addition…

考点：And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom… (C6, P28, Q31找标题) 解析：And在这句话开头，有一定的递进含义，this wisdom则是指代了前面一句话出现的their wealth of traditional knowledge(因纽特人传统的知识)，所以这两句话有紧密的联系，同学们在读题的时候要通过发现信号词，然后发散地看它的前后句，最后把考点考察的意思补充完整。

二、对比和转折

例词：however, but, although, nevertheless, on the other hand, by comparison, while

考点：But such projects must be built to higher specifications and with more accountability to local people and their environment than in the past. (C7 P24 Q20) 解题：此题是段落大意配对题，在确定H段段落大意时，段落中间but之后出现的那句话就是解题的关键，根据句子中出现的两个比较级，可以确定答案应该为X The need to raise standards.

解析：段首句用while引起注意，我们可以根据success, 和后半句中的few teachers, spectacular results, 搞定最后两个填空题。

三、相似

例词：similarly, in other words, that is, put another way, as … 考点: Thus, we concluded that the blind interpret abstract shapes as sighted people do.(C4, P28, Q40)

四、排列次序

例词：firstly, second, another, the second, the most, the best, next, then, now, later, since, eventually, finally… 考点：First, it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second, it lacked the grammatical resources required to represent the world i an objective and impersonal way,... (C5, P49, Q30-31) 解析：题目30-31考的是并列和否定的逻辑关系，原文中的first, second, 对应的就是题目中的neither...nor...这个并列关系，这两题的答案就迎刃而解了。

五、强调作用

例词：in fact, in essence, in particular, emphasize…

考点：This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology- to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates… (C5, P21, Q18 信息包含题)

解析：信息包含题考察细节是在哪个段落出现，在做此类题目时，要注意信号词与考点的密切相关性，从而迅速找准答案。

这里出现了in essence(实质上)，起了一定的强调作用，迅速扫读后，发现同时出现了题目关键词sociobiology, 破折号后面的介词to表目的，与题目中的the general aim of一致对应。

有噩梦有心慌但我的雅思阅读成绩很美好

很多人都说阅读是中国学生的强项，但对于我来说，这个真没有!我从来做阅读正确率都不高，以至于做第二遍剑桥的时候还能错到10个。

对了，第一次自己做模拟，剑七的第一套题的一个阅读总共13道题我他.错了10个!还让不让人活了这日子简直是没法过了。但没法过也得找法儿过不是，硬着头皮重新读重新找重新总结。

我做阅读并没有使用任何“投机取巧”的技巧。我就是先读题目，画出关键词，最好把反复出现的关键词记在脑子里，这样读文章的时候就有了敏感度!读题很关键，读题的时候就会对文章的内容有了一个大概的了解，并且对题目有印象的话会方便的定位。

我自己的感觉是一定要【先仔细读题】!!!之后我就是规规矩矩的按顺序读文章，之前上培训课的时候记得老师教过什么跳读或者只读首二末二句，可是我认为这个方法不可取!!!

因为做题多了之后会发现雅思阅读还是有很多细节题的!有的时候就藏在你觉得没用的非关键句子里，所以我的感觉是【一定要每句话都读到】!

读文章的时候千万不要慌乱，我认为每句话都要读到，不要担心时间不够，练习多了一定会够的，千万别慌!遇到有关键词的句子反复读，找不出的话看前后两句，一般就都会有了，订不到位也别慌先做别的，因为阅读一般都是顺序出题，最后有时间用前后两道题大致确定一下范围找找看就应该也能找到了。

对于不同的题型我都是用的上面的方法，所以区别不大。值得说的是选择题可以不必要提前每个选项都读，只读题干就可以，因为大部分选择是理解，只要对题干所涉及的内容理解了，就可以轻松选出正确了。有的时候把选项都读完了还会给自己错误的引导。

所以，就【读题干】就好啦!还有我觉得陷阱比较大的就是那个 which part contains the following information那种，因为那个是细节题，而且有的时候会有nb也就是可以重复选择。

一开始我做这种题根奔定不到位，但后来我就是阅读前玩儿命读题干，读两遍，让自己对这些细节有个瞬时的深刻印象，这样在读文章的时候真的很管用，敏感度会大大增强，本来根本不注意的地方也会下意识的找到!很管用!

这本来是我的弱项结果用这个方法我后来做得很快很好!我那次考试有好多这种题，大家都说难，但是我就偷乐了，正中下怀。哈哈。还有就是阅读看清楚了是T/F/NG还是Y/S/NG，我自己做题的时候就有一次全都写错了。

我不知道真正考试的时候写错了扣不扣分，但是以防万一吧!我每次做题前都会把那个要求画个大大的圈圈出来提醒自己。考试的时候也画了，反正不画白不画!就当解气了，妈的1700多块钱呢!

阅读我第一遍的时候一个小时根本做不完，但不要着急，还是那句话，雅思是个熟练工种。做了20多天之后大概速度就能控制在50分钟。

考前几天我的速度可以达到45分钟左右。确实是进步不少吧?所以按部就班的慢慢练慢慢来切莫心急每个人都能做到!想想我可是13道错过10道的人啊!还能再差点儿嘛!急也没有，就得耐着性子来!

这次考试阅读的时候感觉特别好，排除了之前听力的干扰，就是按部就班的融入到题目里面。

做的时候就觉得每道题都定到位了每道题特别满足于是越做越来劲。但是9分的成绩还真是没想到啊，平时做到8就谢天谢地谢谢大家了。我觉得可能这次发挥得益于阅读的时候心态比较平和，其实心里暗示很有作用，我读之前就跟自己说这次的简单我肯定没问题。

然后别着急，别听别人翻卷子摔笔吧唧嘴的声音就完全心无旁骛让他们都去死。别往旁边看别人做多少了就按着自己的速度自己的方法来，平时的时候紧张一点儿，考试的时候放松一点儿绝对没问题白玩儿我保证!

然后关于阅读我还是觉得要通过反复做题找出最适合自己的方式。我问了些同学他们很多也是不读完文章但照样做的很好的。

可我觉得我的方法虽然笨但是比较稳妥。大家自己磨合选择吧!总之阅读确实是个难关，但也有很大的提高余地，给自己信心!相信我。

雅思阅读机经真题及答案解析

一、考试概述：

本次考试的文章两篇旧题一篇新题，第一篇是关于长寿的影响因素，第二篇是跟英国农村房屋的分布相关的，第三篇介绍了游戏对记忆的好处。

二、具体题目分析

Passage 1：

题目: 长寿的影响因素

题型：暂无

新旧程度：新题

文章大意：暂无

参考文章：暂无

参考答案：暂无

Passage 2：

题目：Exploring the British Village

题型：标题配对7+填空题6

新旧程度：旧题

文章大意：英国村庄

参考答案：

段落细节配对:

1. iv

2. v

3. i

4. vii

5. viii

6. ix

7. ii

填空题：

8. cottage

9. Domesday Book

10. self sufficient

11. remnants

12. defense

13. triangular

(答案仅供参考)

Passage 3：

题目: Video-games’ Unexpected Benefits to Human Brain(游戏的好处)

题型：单选题4 +判断题4+人名配对5

新旧程度：旧题

文章大意：讲网游会对大脑产生哪些好处，比如会让孩子聪明，教授孩子高级思维方式，真正锻炼大脑，能让孩子思考如何更好的分配资源，如何合作等等。

参考文章：

Video Games’ Unexpected Benefits to Human Brain

James Paul Gee, professor of education at the University of Wisconsin Madison, played his first video game years ago when his six-year-old son Sam was playing Pajama Sam: No Need to Hide When It’s Dark Outside. He wanted to play the game so he could support Sam’s problem solving. Though Pajama Sam is not an “educational game”, it is replete with the types of problems psychologists study when they study thinking and learning. When he saw how well the game held Sam’s attention, he wondered what sort of beast a more mature video game might be.

Video and computer games, like many other popular, entertaining and addicting kid’s activities, are looked down upon by many parents as time wasters, and worse, parents think that these games rot the brain. Violent video games are readily blamed by the media and some experts as the reason why some youth become violent or commit extreme anti-social behavior. Recent content analyses of video games show that as many as 89% of games contain some violent content, but there is no form of aggressive content for 70% of popular games. Many scientists and psychologists, like James Paul Gee, find that video games actually have many benefits - the main one being making kids smart. Video games may actually teach kids high-level thinking skills that they will need in the future.

“Video games change your brain,” according to University of Wisconsin psychologist Shawn Green. Video games change the brain’s physical structure the same way as do learning to read, playing the piano, or navigating using a map. Much like exercise can build muscle, the powerful combination of concentration and rewarding surges of neurotransmitters like dopamine, which strengthens neural circuits, can build the player’s brain.

Video games give your child’s brain a real workout. In many video games, the skills required to win involve abstract and high level thinking. These skills are not even taught at school. Some of the mental skills trained by video games include: following instructions, problem solving, logic, hand-eye coordination, fine motor and spatial skills. Research also suggests that people can learn iconic, spatial, and visual attention skills from video games. There have been even studies with adults showing that experience with video games is related to better surgical skills. Jacob Benjamin, doctor from Beth Israel Medical Center NY, found a direct link between skill at video gaming and skill at keyhole or laparoscopic surgery. Also, a reason given by experts as to why fighter pilots of today are more skillful is that this generation’s pilots are being weaned on video games.

The players learn to manage resources that are limited, and decide the best use of resources, the same way as in real life. In strategy games, for instance, while developing a city, an unexpected surprise like an enemy might emerge. This forces the player to be flexible and quickly change tactics. Sometimes the player does this almost every second of the game giving the brain a real workout. According to researchers at the University of Rochester, led by Daphne Bavelier, a cognitive scientist, games simulating stressful events such as those found in battle or action games could be a training tool for real world situations. The study suggests that playing action video games primes the brain to make quick decisions. Video games can be used to train soldiers and surgeons, according to the study. Steven Johnson, author of Everything Bad is Good For You: How Today’s Popular Culture, says gamers must deal with immediate problems while keeping their long-term goals on their horizon. Young gamers force themselves to read to get instructions, follow storylines of games, and get information from the game texts.

篇9：雅思阅读如何寻找信号词

特殊的信号词，一般都比较容易识别，如果遇到题目中涉及到，一般大写字母开头的人名，地名，专有名词，以及特殊印刷体和黑体，这些词在英语文章中显得尤为突出，往往也是题干中关键词的原词定位。

例如 'the US Congress voted NASA $10 million per year for ten years to conduct a thorough search for the extra-terrestrial life' 这句话，出现了US Congress, NASA 专有名词信号词，极有可能成为定位的讯息。的确，判断题型中有一题‘the NASA project attracted criticism from some members of Congress.' 就是根据这两个信号词精确地回到原文定位。

篇10：雅思阅读如何寻找信号词

雅思阅读作为一项专业的语言水平测试，当然不能只依靠容易识别的特殊信号词，文章中的普通信号词对于解题可谓是功不可没。

1)信号词之原因

2)信号词之结论

3)信号词之转折

4)信号词之让步

5)信号词之举例

6)信号词之顺序

7)信号词之比较级

雅思阅读材料：“防出轨戒指”

说戒指有很多种，比如说老年间老奶奶们喜欢带的明晃晃金灿灿夺人耳目的金镏子，有钱富二代娶媳妇求婚买的5克拉大钻石，或者代表已婚的pt素圈儿。其实无论是什么戒指都是代表佩戴者已经心有所属，所以很多已婚出轨的男女都会把戒指偷偷装起来充钻石王老五，或者大龄未婚女青年。现在美国就出了这么一款“防出轨戒指”，在戒指的内侧刻上了我“已婚”的字样。就算偷偷摘下来，手指上也会留下抹不掉的印记!

Your cheatin’ heart may not tell on you, but this wedding ring might. Perfect for today’s promiscuous lifestyles, the Anti-Cheating wedding ring makes sure to display your marital status, even when you take it off。

“With Arnold, Tiger and two timing IMF guy in mind, we have created this wedding ring for people intent on cheating. The negative engraving on the inside means that when you are in the ‘Club’ and an attractive woman… or man comes along to chat, slipping your wedding ring off is not an option. The mark left on your skin says…’I’m Married’。”

Brought to you by The Cheeky, this titanium wedding ring may help keep your cheatin’ heart from straying too far. At least, until the impression disappears… Now this ring is charged $550.

雅思阅读材料：拿奥运奖牌还要缴税?

参加伦敦奥运会的美国选手获得奖牌后尽享风光的同时，美国国税局已经盯上他们了。获得奖牌的选手所交税额是综合奖牌本身市值和获得的奖金总数后计算得出的，税率为35%。获得金、银、铜牌的美国选手获得的奖金分别为2.5万、1.5万和1万美元，而金、银、铜牌的市值为675、385和5美元，由此他们要交的税分别为8986、5385和3500美元。佛罗里达州一位参议员听闻这一报道后专门上交提案，建议对这些得奖运动员免于征税。他表示，美国的税法很复杂，而且经常被用来当作惩罚成功人士的工具。

When Olympic medalists return to the United States, they're in high demand. Everyone, from Michael Phelps to a bronze medalist in judo will be sitting for television interviews, talking to newspapers, going to assemblies at local schools and celebrating with friends, family and young athletes. They'll also draw some unwanted interest from everyone's favorite bureaucrats: the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).

American medalists face a top income tax rate of 35 percent. Under U.S. tax law, they must add the value of their Olympic medals and prizes to their taxable income. It is therefore easy to calculate the tax bite on Olympic glory.

At today’s commodity prices, the value of a gold medal is about $675. A silver medal is worth about $385 while a bronze medal is worth under $5.

There are also prizes that accompany each medal: $25,000 for gold, $15,000 for silver, and $10,000 for bronze.

The Weekly Standard, a conservative news magazine, ran the numbers and tabulated that the tax bill on a gold is $8,986, silver is $5,385 and bronze is $3,500.

They note that Missy Franklin, an amateur who has yet to cash in on her fame with endorsements, already owes $14,000 in taxes from her gold and silver medal. By the time the Games are finished, Franklin's tax bill could reach $30,000.

Florida senator Marco Rubio reacted to the story on Wednesday, proposing a bill that would leave athletes exempt from the federal tax. ”Our tax code is a complicated and burdensome mess that too often punishes success, and the tax imposed on Olympic medal winners is a classic example of this madness," he told reporters.