皇甫真阅读题答案（锦集10篇）由网友“AiK”投稿提供，这里给大家推荐分享一些皇甫真阅读题答案，供大家参考。
篇1：皇甫真阅读题答案
皇甫真
皇甫真，字楚季，安定朝那人也。弱冠，以高才，廆拜为辽东国侍郎。皝嗣位，迁平州别驾。时内难连年，百姓劳瘁，真议欲宽减岁赋，休息力役。不合旨，免官。后以破麻秋之功，拜奉车都督，守辽东、营丘二郡太守，皆有善政。及俊僭位，入为典书令。后从慕容评攻拔鄴都，珍货充溢，真一无所取，唯存恤人物，收图籍而已。俊临终，与慕容恪等俱受顾托。
慕舆根将谋为乱，真阴察知之，乃言于恪，请除之。恪未忍显其事。俄而根谋发伏诛，恪谢真曰：“不从君言，几成祸败。”吕护之叛，恪谋于朝曰：“远人不服，修文德以来之。今护宜以恩诏降乎，亦宜以兵戈取也?”真曰：“护九年之间三背王命，揆其奸心，凶勃未已。明公方饮马江、湘，勒铭剑阁，况护蕞尔近几而不枭戮，宜以兵算取之，不可复以文檄喻也。”恪从之。以真为冠军将军、别部都督。师还，拜镇西将军、并州刺史，领护匈奴中郎将。征还，拜侍中、光禄大夫，累迁太尉、侍中。
苻坚密谋兼并，欲观审衅隙，乃遣其西戎主簿郭辩潜结匈奴左贤王曹毂，令毂遣使诣鄴，辩因从之。真兄典仕苻坚为散骑常侍，从子奋、覆并显关西。辩既至鄴，历造公卿，言于真曰：“辩家为秦所诛，故寄命曹王，贵兄常侍及奋、覆兄弟并相知在素。”真怒曰：“臣无境外之交，斯言何以及我!君似奸人，得无因缘假托乎!”乃白暐请穷诘之，暐、评不许。辩还谓坚曰：“燕朝无纲纪，实可图之。鉴机识变，唯皇甫真耳。”坚曰：“以六州之地，岂无智识士一人哉!真亦秦人，而燕用之，固知关西多君子矣。”
真性清俭寡欲不营产业饮酒至石余不乱雅好属文凡著诗赋四十余篇王猛入鄴真望马首拜之明日更见语乃卿猛。猛曰：“昨拜今卿，何恭慢之相违也?”真答曰：“卿昨为贼，朝是国士，吾拜贼而卿国士，何所怪也?”猛大嘉之，谓权翼曰：“皇甫真故大器也。”从坚入关，为奉车都尉，数岁而死。
(选自《晋书.载记第十一》)
1.对下列句子中加点词的解释，不正确的一项是( )
A.恪未忍显其事 显：显贵。
B.揆其奸心，凶勃未已 揆：测度。
C.苻坚密谋兼并，欲观审衅隙 隙：时机。
D.何恭慢之相违也 慢：怠慢。
解析 A项，显：揭发。
答案 A
2.对文中画波浪线部分的断句，正确的一项是 ( )
A.真性清俭寡/欲不营产业/饮酒至石余/不乱雅/好属文/凡著诗赋四十余篇/王猛入鄴/真望马首拜之/明日更见/语乃卿猛
B.真性清俭寡/欲不营产业/饮酒至石余不乱雅/好属文/凡著诗赋四十余篇/王猛入鄴真/望马首拜之/明日更见/语乃卿猛
C.真性清俭寡欲/不营产业/饮酒至石余不乱/雅好属文/凡著诗赋四十余篇/王猛入鄴真/望马首拜之/明日更见/语乃卿猛
D.真性清俭寡欲/不营产业/饮酒至石余不乱/雅好属文/凡著诗赋四十余篇/王猛入鄴/真望马首拜之/明日更见/语乃卿猛
解析 根据语意来看，“寡欲”是一个词组，意即“少欲望”，中间不能断开;“饮酒至石余不乱”，“雅”是“平常”的意思，应和“好”连在一起，这样就可排除A、B项;“王猛入鄴真”中的“鄴”是地名，作前面“入”的宾语，“真”是人名，作后面“望”的主语，故中间要断开，故排除C项。答案为D。
答案 D
3.下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析，不正确的一项是( )
A.皇甫真能关心百姓疾苦，当连年内战、百姓劳累困苦之时，他能够建议皇帝放宽减免每年的赋税，使服役的民力休养生息，可惜皇上不采纳，反而丢了官。
B.皇甫真生性节俭，不沾染财货，他一生都不经营任何产业，平素只是喜欢收藏典书文籍，写写文章，他一共写作了四十多篇文章，赢得了王猛的高度称赞。
C.皇甫真有政治才能和军功战绩，治理辽东、营丘二郡，很有政绩;攻打麻秋、吕护，都取得了胜利，并因为军功卓越，一路升迁，获得了太尉、侍中的官职。
D.皇甫真为人很正直，郭辩到达鄴后一一拜访公卿，当向皇甫真讨好时，皇甫真非常气愤，说自己没有境外交往，因为郭辩像奸邪之人，要慕容暐审问郭辩。
解析 B项皇甫真“赢得了王猛的高度称赞”是因为其为人的刚直不阿。
答案 B
4.将文中画横线的语句翻译成现代汉语。
(1)远人不服，修文德以来之。
译文：_____________________________________________________________
(2)故寄命曹王，贵兄常侍及奋、覆兄弟并相知在素。
译文：_____________________________________________________________
答案 (1)远方之人不顺服，应修文德而使他们前来归附。
(2)所以寄身在曹王那里，贵兄散骑常侍皇甫典以及皇甫奋、皇甫覆平素和我都是知心朋友。
[参考译文]
皇甫真，字楚季，是安定朝那人。二十岁左右，因有突出的才能，慕容廆任他为辽东国侍郎。慕容皝继位后，升任为平州别驾。当时连年内战，百姓劳累困苦，皇甫真建议要放宽减免每年的赋税，使服役的民力休养生息。这一建议不符合圣上的意旨，皇甫真被免去官职。后来因攻克麻秋的战功，任为奉车都督，代理辽东、营丘二郡太守，把这两个郡都治理得很好。慕容俊僭位称帝后，皇甫真入宫担任典书令。后来跟随慕容评进攻并夺取了鄴都，珍宝等财物很多，皇甫真不拿任何财物，只是体恤别人，收集图书典籍而已。慕容俊临终前，皇甫真与慕容恪等人受托为顾命大臣。
慕舆根将要图谋叛乱时，皇甫真暗中觉察了这件事，就告诉了慕容恪，请求除掉慕舆根。慕容恪没有揭露这件事。不久慕舆根阴谋未遂而被杀，慕容恪对皇甫真承认自己的失误：“没有听从你的建议，差点儿酿成灾祸。”吕护叛乱时，慕容恪在朝廷上谋议：“远方之人不顺服，应修文德而使他们前来归附。现在对吕护应该用降恩的诏书来劝降，还是以武力攻打他?”皇甫真说：“吕护在九年之间三次违背王命，测度他的奸邪之心，依旧凶狠乖戾。明公在江湘边饮马，把碑铭刻上剑阁，何能让区区吕护接近京畿而不讨伐杀戮，应该采用军事谋略战胜他，不能再用檄文来晓之以理了。”慕容恪听从了他。任命皇甫真为冠军将军、别部都督。军队返回后，任他为镇西将军、并州刺史，兼领护匈奴中郎将。征召回朝后，任侍中、光禄大夫，多次升迁至太尉、侍中。
苻坚秘密谋划兼并，观察等待可乘之机，就派西戎主簿郭辩暗中结交匈奴左贤王曹毂，让曹毂派遣使者到鄴，郭辩趁机跟随。皇甫真的哥哥皇甫典在苻坚手下任散骑常侍，侄子皇甫奋、皇甫覆在关西都很有名望。郭辩到达鄴后，一一拜访公卿，对皇甫真说：“郭辩一家被秦杀害，所以寄身在曹王那里，贵兄散骑常侍皇甫典以及皇甫奋、皇甫覆平素和我都是知心朋友。”皇甫真气愤地说：“臣没有国境以外的交往，刚才的话为什么涉及到我!你像个奸邪之人，该不是借着机缘假托吧!”于是把此事告诉慕容暐请求详细地审问郭辩，慕容暐、慕容评都不答应。郭辩回去后对苻坚说：“燕朝没有法纪，确实可以攻取他们。洞察时机认识形势的，只有皇甫真而已。”苻坚说：“拥有六州之地，怎能没有一个明智之士!皇甫真也是秦人，而燕任用了他，可见关西多君子呀。”
皇甫真生性清静俭朴没有过多的欲望，不经营产业，酒量达到一石多也不会胡言乱语，非常喜欢写文章，他写的诗赋共四十余篇。王猛进入鄴都，皇甫真望着王猛的马首而揖拜。第二天再次相见，谈话间称王猛为卿。王猛说：“昨天向我揖拜今天呼我为卿，为什么恭敬怠慢相差这么大?”皇甫真答道：“卿昨天是贼，今天是国士，我对贼揖拜而称国士为卿，有什么可奇怪的呢?”王猛非常赞赏他，对权翼说：“皇甫真真是个不凡的人呀。”皇甫真跟随苻坚入关，任奉车都尉，几年后去世。
篇2：桥阅读真题答案
桥阅读真题答案
桥
黎明的时候，雨突然大了。像泼。像倒。
山洪咆哮着，似一群受惊的野马，从山谷里狂奔出来，势不可当。
工地惊醒了。人们翻身下床，却一脚踩在水里。是谁惊慌地喊了一嗓子，100多号人
你拥我挤地向南跑。但，两尺多高的洪水已经开始在路面上跳舞。人们又疯了似的折回来。
东、西没有路。只有北面那座窄窄的木桥。
死亡在洪水的狞笑声中逼近。
人们跌跌撞撞地向那木桥拥去。
木桥前，没腿深的水里，站着他们的党支部书记，那个不久就要退休的老汉。
人们停住脚，望着老汉。
老汉沙哑地喊话：桥窄，排成一队，不要挤，党员排在后边。
人群里喊出一声：党员也是人。
有人响应：这不是拍电影。
竟没人再喊。100多人很快排成队伍，依次从老汉身边跑上木桥。
水渐渐窜上来，放肆地舔着人们的腰。
老汉劈手从队伍里拖出一个小伙子，骂道：你他妈的还是个党员?你最后一个走。
小伙子狠狠地瞪了老汉一眼，站到一边。队伍秩序井然。木桥开始发抖了。
水，爬上老汉的胸膛。终于，只剩下他和小伙子。
小伙子竟来推他：你先走。
老汉吼道：少废话，快走。他用力把小伙子推上木桥。突然，那木桥轰地塌了。小伙子被吞没了。
老汉好像要喊什么，但，一个浪头也吞没了他。
白茫茫的世界。
五天以后，洪水退了。
一个老太太，被人搀扶着，来这里祭奠她丈夫和她儿子。
1.试按开端、发展、高潮、结局的顺序将这篇小说分为四个层次.
2.这篇小说设置的典型环境是：
3.这篇小说塑造的主要人物形象是：
4.文中与结尾处点出的儿子相照应的地方是：
5.文中最悲壮的情节是：
6.你认为文中最震撼人心之处是：
7.文中的写水的句子是推动故事情节发展的`线索,将他们写在下面：
8.你认为这篇小说构思的最妙之处在哪里?
答案：
1.试按开端、发展、高潮、结局的顺序将这篇小说分为四个层次.
17 816 1726 2730
2.这篇小说设置的典型环境是：山洪暴发的环境
3.这篇小说塑造的主要人物形象是：临危不惧 一心为民 不徇私情 舍己为人
4.文中与结尾处点出的儿子相照应的地方是：老汉将一个小伙子从队伍里揪出来,让他排到队伍的最后.
5.文中最悲壮的情节是：突然,那木桥轰地塌了,小伙子被吞没了.
老 似乎要喊什么,一个浪头也吞没了他.
白茫茫的世界.
6.你认为文中最震撼人心之处是：一个老太太被人搀着扶着,来这里祭奠.
她来祭奠两个人.
她的丈夫和她的儿子.
7.文中的写水的句子是推动故事情节发展的线索,将他们写在下面：
黎明的时候,雨突然大了.像泼.像倒.
山洪咆哮着,像一群受惊的野马,从山谷里狂奔而来,势不可当.
近一米高的洪水已经在路面上跳舞了.
死亡在洪水的狞笑声中逼近.
水渐渐窜上来,放肆地舔着人们的腰.
水,爬上了老汉的胸膛.
8.你认为这篇小说构思的最妙之处在哪里?
设置悬念,前后照应.
篇3：春风阅读真题答案
春风/原文/作者：老舍
北京人说：“春脖子短。”南方来的人觉着这个“脖子”有名无实，冬天刚过去，夏天就来到眼前了。
最激烈的意见是：“哪里会有什么春天，只见起风、起风，成天刮土、刮土，眼睛也睁不开，桌子一天擦一百遍……”
其实，意见里说的景象，不冬不夏，还得承认是春天。不过不像南方的春天，那也的确。褒贬起来着重于春风，也有道理。
起初，我也怀念江南的春天，“暮春三月，江南草长，杂花生树，群莺乱飞。”这样的名句是些老窖名酒，是色香味俱全的。这四句里没有提到风，风原是看不见的，又无所不在的。江南的春风抚摸大地，像柳丝的飘拂;体贴万物，像细雨的滋润。这才草长，花开，莺飞……
北京的春风真就是刮土吗?后来我有了别样的体会，那是下乡的好处。
我在京西的大山里、京东的山边上，曾数度“春脖子”。背阴的岩下，积雪不管立春、春分，只管冷森森的，没有开化的意。是潭、是溪、是井台还是泉边，凡带水的地方，都坚持着冰块砚、冰溜、冰碴……一夜之间，春风来了。忽然，从塞外的苍苍草原、莽莽沙漠，滚滚而来。从关外扑过山头，漫过山粱，插山沟，灌山口，呜呜吹号，哄哄呼啸，飞沙走石，扑在窗户上，撒拉撤拉，扑在人脸上，如无数的针扎。
轰的一声，是哪里的河冰开裂吧。嘎的一声，是碗口大的病枝刮折了。有天夜间，我住的石头房子的木头架子，格拉拉、格拉拉响起来，晃起来。仿佛冬眠惊醒，伸懒腰，动弹胳臂腿，浑身关节挨个儿格拉拉、格拉拉地松动。
麦苗在霜冰里返青了，山桃在积雪里鼓苞了。清早，着大毂鞋，穿老羊皮背心，使荆条背篓，背带冰碴的羊粪，绕山嘴，上山梁，爬高高的梯田，春风呼哧呼哧地帮助呼哧呼哧的人们，把粪肥抛撒匀净。好不痛快人也。
北国的山民，喜欢力大无穷的好汉。到喜欢得不行时，连捎带来的粗暴也只觉着解气。要不，请想想，柳丝飘拂般的抚摸，细雨滋润般的体贴，又怎么过草原、走沙漠、扑山梁?又怎么踢打得开千里冰封和遍地赖着不走的霜雪?
如果我回到江南，老是乍暖还寒，最难将息，老是牛角淡淡的阳光，牛尾蒙蒙的阴雨，整天好比穿着湿布衫，墙角落里发霉，长蘑菇，有死耗子味儿。
能不怀念北国的春风!
1.请写出济南与青岛两地在气候上的相同点与不同点。
2.本文是写春风的，可是为什么前文却用了大量的'文字来写济南、青岛秋天的美丽呢?试谈谈自己的认识。
3.请仔细阅读第④节，看看济南与青岛两地的春风给作者怎样的感受?
4.作者在文中用了多种修辞手法，请举一个例子来说明其表达效果。
篇4：春风阅读真题答案
1.相同点：两地的春天都多风，两地的秋天都长而晴美 不同点：夏天，济南很热，青岛是避暑胜地;冬天，济南冷，青岛温暖。
2.写济南、青岛两地秋天的美丽，是为了反衬春风的粗猛和寒冷，突出两地春风的令人不快。
3.两地的春风给作者以痛苦而又无可奈何的感受
4.示例：“到了秋天，小山上那黄绿的草丛，苍翠的松树，褐色的石层，仿佛给小山穿上了一件色彩斑斓的衣衫”用了拟人的修辞，形象生动地写出秋天小山的色彩美。
篇5：疲倦阅读真题答案
疲倦阅读真题答案
疲倦
疲倦是现代人越来越常见的一种生存状态，在我们的周围，随便看一眼吧，有多少垂头丧气的儿童?萎靡不振的青年?疲惫已极的中年?落落寡合的老年?……人们广泛而漠然地疲倦了。很多人已见怪不怪，以为疲倦是正常的了。
有一次，我把一条旧呢裤送到街上的洗染店。师傅看了以后，说，我会尽力洗熨的。但是，你的裤子，这一回穿得太久了，恐怕膝盖前面的鼓包是没法熨平了。它疲倦了。我吃惊地说，裤子——它居然也会疲倦?
师傅说，是啊。不但呢子会疲倦，羊绒衫也会疲倦的，所以，穿过几天之后，你要脱下晾晾它，让毛衫有一个喘气的机会。皮鞋也会疲倦的，你要几双倒换着上脚，这样才可延长皮子的寿命……
我半信半疑，心想，莫不是该师傅太热爱他所从事的工作了，才这般体恤手下无生命的衣料?
又一次，我在一家工厂，看到一种特别的合金，如同谄媚的叛臣，能折弯无数次，韧度不减。我说，天下无双了。总工程师摇摇头道，它有一个强大的对手。
我好奇，谁?
总工程师说，就是它自己的疲劳。
我讶然，金属也会疲劳啊?
总工程师说，是啊。这种内伤，除了预防，无药可医。如果不在它的疲劳限度之前，让它休息，那么，它会突然断裂，引发灾难。
那一瞬，我知道了疲倦的厉害。钢打铁铸的金属尚且如此。遑论肉胎凡身!
疲倦发生的时候，如同一种会流淌的灰暗，在皮肤表面蔓延，使人整个地困顿和蜷缩起来。
如果不加克服和调整，粘滞的不适，便如寒露一般，侵袭到身体的`底层。我们了无热情，心灰意懒。我们不再关注春天何时萌动，秋天何时飘零。我们迷茫地看着孩子的微笑，不知道他们为何快乐。我们不爱惜自己了，觉察不到自己的珍贵。我们不热爱他人了，因为他人是使我们厌烦的源头。我们麻木困惑，每天的太阳都是旧的。阳光已不再播洒温暖，只是射出逼人的光线。我们得过且过地敷衍着工作，因为它已不是创造性思维的动力。
……
身体的疲倦，转而加剧着精神的苦闷。
变更太频繁了，信息太繁复了，刺激太猛烈了，扰动太浩大了，强度太凶，频率太高……即使是喜悦和财富吧，如果没有清醒的节制，铺天盖地而来，也会使我们在震惊之后深刻地疲倦了。
当疲倦发生的时候，我们怎么办呢?
看看大自然如何应对疲倦吧。春天的花开得疲倦的时候，它们就悄然地撤离枝头，放弃了美丽，留下了小小的果实。当风疲倦的时候，它就停止了荡涤，让大地恢复平静。当海浪疲倦的时候，洋面就丝绸般地安宁了。当天空疲倦的对候，它就用月亮替换大阳……
人们没有自然界高明。不信，你看：当道路疲倦的对候，就塞车；当办公室疲倦的时候，就推诿和没有效率；当组织者疲倦的时候，就出现混乱和不公；当社会出现疲倦的时候，就冷漠和麻木……
疲倦对我们的伤害，需要平心静气地休养生息。让目光重新敏锐，让步伐恢复轻捷，让天性生长快乐，让手足温暖有力。耳朵能够捕捉到蜻蜓的呼吸，发梢能够感受到阳光的抚摸，微笑能如鲜橙般耀眼，眼泪能如菩提般仁慈……
疲倦是可以战胜的，法宝就是珍爱我们自己，疲倦是可以化解的，窍门就是宁静致远。疲倦考验着我们，折磨着我们。疲倦也锤炼着我们，升华着我们。
8．请简要概括本文的主要内容。(3分)
9．画横线的句子在文中起什么作用?(2分)
10．文中画曲线的句子运用了什么修辞手法?有什么表达效果?(3分)
11．大自然是如何应对疲倦的?我们应该如何战胜疲倦?请结合文章内容加以概括。(3分)
12，怎样理解“疲倦考验着我们，折磨着我们。疲倦也锤炼着我们，升华着我们。”这句话的深层含义?(3分)
疲倦
8．(3分)自然万物都会感到疲倦，我们应该学会珍爱自己，当我们疲倦时 要平心静气，休养生息。
9．(2分)过渡。(1分》由上文叙述无生命事物的疲倦引出下文对人类社会疲倦的叙述。(1分)
10．(3分)拟人和排比。(1分)运用拟人，使道路、办公室、组织、社会人格化，生动形象；运用排比，增强语言气势，有力地揭示了疲倦带给人类社会的危害之多、之重。(2分)11．(3分)大自然随着自然规律运行，消除疲倦。(1分)我们应该劳逸结合、适时调整自我，休养生息；不可过分追求功名利禄，应有一颗平常心。(2分)
12．(3分)疲倦会使我们身体受到伤害、精神苦闷。然而疲倦却又是可以战胜，可以化解的，需要的是我们珍爱自己，宁静致远，接受疲倦的考验，从而使自己得到锤炼与升华。
篇6：托福阅读真题及答案
北美地区6月8日托福考试真题回忆
206月8日北美地区托福考试都考了哪些题目?以下是年6月8日北美地区托福真题，大家可以练习使用。
托福机经阅读
我遇到了加试，还不是经典加试，人品差哇。
有一篇是讲地球的形成的，先讲了星球大概形成的一个过程。然后具体说了地球内部的硅浮上来，重物质下去。还讲了地幔和地壳的形成。然后还有什么一开始是一些神马物质，后来这些物质就走掉了，还有水汽，还有其他氢啊神马的进来，然后形成最终状态。
有个著名的帝国破灭了，分成了东和西。然后东比较好，需要防卫的边界线不是很多，还有很多资源;西的话就比较悲惨，要各种防卫，内忧外患。还有西的话君主特别年轻，8岁和5岁还是神马的就登基了，然后权臣当道，等他们成年了，也没有发言权了。然后就说很多人都是为了自己的利益来的，牺牲民众的利益，外敌就入侵了。
还有一篇讲一个国家内战求民主，但是结果很不理想，想要的木有达到。穷苦民众无力去撼动大地主的利益，然后教堂啥的影响很小，商人首创严重，大地主反而获利很大。还讲了这个国家对周边国家的一些影响，有些国家出乎意料还从中受益了。
还有一篇一点印象都木有了!
托福机经听力
有一道是去找教授的，我没听太清楚。姑娘写了篇论文，和教授分析自己的论文。貌似选择的题目是和网络还有杂志相关的，我没听清楚到底是网络对纸质媒介的影响，还是网络规范的制定神马的，这里有题目的。姑娘说自己找了很多资料，教授表示挺惊讶的，估计觉着资料很难找。然后姑娘天马行空，想写的东西特别多，还想比较1970年的和现在的情况。教授让她不要弄那么大的题目，最后她绝对专注于目前。
还有一篇是讲一个男孩选了两门生物课，一门钢琴课。然后导师劝他放弃其中一门课。男孩说自己非常喜欢生物，也很爱音乐，但是自己确实没有那么多的时间，每天两个小时的弹琴也没有能保证。导师也说他是个很好的学生，但是最近的成绩确实不够理想。让他想清楚自己到底想做神马。学校里有选不同方向的学生，但是他们一般两个方向都是相关的。她问男孩是不是想弹钢琴去讲生物神马的。男孩一开始不肯放弃，后来被劝着劝着觉着导师挺有道理的，决定回家仔细想想放弃哪一门。
有一篇讲百老汇的。说18x.x年有一个新的方式出现了。那段时间新兴了很多中产阶级，需要娱乐，这里有题。新出来的和普通的不一样，有很多新点子，引入了芭蕾神马的，还全美巡演，还有移动舞台，给观众全新的体验。
还有一篇讲电影的，教授说这些名字你们都很熟悉吧，但是你们不一定知道全部的信息。然后就具体讲了迪士尼的动画。说了其中一部，非常重要，重要的原因貌似是第一部盈利的，这里有题。然后讲了一个拍摄的新技巧，说镜头拉近，附近的东西会变大，树啊栅栏啊啥的都变大了，但是太阳不会变大。这个就挺难弄的，如果让画家画的话太费力了。然后有个人去看了部舞台剧，舞台剧是有背景的，给了灵感，这里有题。然后就弄了滤片啥的在相机里拍摄，就解决问题啦。
托福机经口语
1、有三个了解大学的选择
a. 周末学校一日游
b. 周末两天在playground玩
c. 参加大学的课程
问选择哪种去最好的了解学校
2、有人送了一块地，问是用来养花种菜呢还是建儿童游乐园
3、阅读：有人给学校写了封建议信，刊登在学校的报纸上。学校附近有一个小咖啡厅兮兮的东西，提供饮料和小cookie。这是非常好的，但是有两个建议，一个是提供一些耐吃的食物，三明治神马的;一个是建议多一些轻音乐。
对话：一男一女，女孩说觉得这个建议非常赞啊。说那里是休息的一个好地方，吃点东西神马的太便利了。但是饿的时候小cookie木有用，确实需要一些其他的吃的;然后音乐太吵了，自己在那里完全没有办法看书，只能回宿舍。
4、阅读：一个协同作战之类的词，讲动物之间一般会一起做一样的事情。而且协同作战还会让他们更团结，抵抗外敌。
听力：教授举了某种动物做例子，说在迁徙的时候，如果一只口渴停下来喝水，其他不渴的也会停下来喝，喝完再一起继续迁徙。为嘛他们要一起呢，因为在dry open grass上有很危险的敌人，有狮子神马的。如果单独行动太危险了，很有可能丧命。
5、一男一女对话。男孩很苦恼，遇到问题了。他现在住的屋子的房东准备把屋子卖了，然后有个看上的买家非常着急要买，他还有一周多一些的时间可以搬家。他现在有两个选择方案，一个是他的朋友在学校附近有个屋子在招租，但是他觉着这样他就没法定下心来学习了;还有就是和父母住一起，但是父母住的地方忒远了。很难抉择。
6、有关动物的。说动物有两个适应特性，一个是Physical适应，一个是habit适应还是神马的。讲了一个动物在极度寒冷的地方，为了保持自身的热量如何很好地用两种方法来适应。一个是他们的颜色是黑色的，黑色能吸收更多的太阳光，热量传到身体里面。一个是它们平时站在冰块上，于是它们采取不同于寻常的站立方式，木有用两只脚，而是用了脚后跟。
托福机经写作
1、阅读材料
科学家们和在两个相隔1500Mile的地方发现一个我不认识的物种，这个动物正常情况下是黑色带有少许白色斑点，结果两次发现的是全白色的，这个发现非常神奇。但是科学家们仔细分析了下，说这两个东西不是同一物种，并从三个方面给出了分析。
a. 轻微的颜色差异：第一次非常白，第二次微白;
b. 相隔太远：两次相隔了1500mile，他们在岸边不会走这么远;
c. 年龄估计：第一次估计是20岁，那就意味着第二次得要30岁，科学家表示不太可能，我没太能弄懂这个的意思，但是就是这么说的。
综上所述，这两个物种不是同一个。
听力材料
教授的观点是认为他们是同一个物种，从三点分别驳斥了这些科学家的观点
a. 这个生物生活的地方会长貌似是藻类alga,然后这个藻类不同季节的生长情况不太一样。不同季节会对这个动物的颜色有一定的影响，有可能白还是不白时候是被这个藻类覆盖了。
b. 这个生物按生活习性分为两类，一类是hunting，一类是fishing，有可能被发现的是fishing的，它待在冰上，随着冰漂移mi也是很容易滴，所以在这两个地方发现同一个是很有可能的。
c. 年龄有可能被预估错误了，这个生物到20岁以后就没啥变化了，20岁和30岁长得很像的。科学家认为是20岁，万一是25捏?反正就是年龄预估这事不靠谱。
综上所述，教授认为，很有可能是同一个物种
2、有些人认为成绩应该由许多小assignment的成绩综合，有些人认为应该1-2次大成绩。写出自己的观点，并给出案例和分析。
托福阅读真题及答案
Timberline Vegetation on Mountains
The transition from forest to treeless tundra on a mountain slope is often a dramatic one. Within a vertical distance of just a few tens of meters, trees disappear as a life-form and are replaced by low shrubs, herbs, and grasses. This rapid zone of transition is called the upper timberline or tree line. In many semiarid areas there is also a lower timberline where the forest passes into steppe or desert at its lower edge, usually because of a lack of moisture.
The upper timberline, like the snow line, is highest in the tropics and lowest in the Polar Regions. It ranges from sea level in the Polar Regions to 4,500 meters in the dry subtropics and 3,500-4,500 meters in the moist tropics. Timberline trees are normally evergreens, suggesting that these have some advantage over deciduous trees (those that lose their leaves) in the extreme environments of the upper timberline. There are some areas, however, where broadleaf deciduous trees form the timberline. Species of birch, for example, may occur at the timberline in parts of the Himalayas.
At the upper timberline the trees begin to become twisted and deformed. This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valleys. This is because middle- and upper- latitude timberlines are strongly influenced by the duration and depth of the snow cover. As the snow is deeper and lasts longer in the valleys, trees tend to attain greater heights on the ridges, even though they are more exposed to high-velocity winds and poor, thin soils there. In the tropics, the valleys appear to be more favorable because they are less prone to dry out, they have less frost, and they have deeper soils.
There is still no universally agreed-on explanation for why there should be such a dramatic cessation of tree growth at the upper timberline. Various environmental factors may play a role. Too much snow, for example, can smother trees, and avalanches and snow creep can damage or destroy them. Late-lying snow reduces the effective growing season to the point where seedlings cannot establish themselves. Wind velocity also increases with altitude and may cause serious stress for trees, as is made evident by the deformed shapes at high altitudes. Some scientists have proposed that the presence of increasing levels of ultraviolet light with elevation may play a role, while browsing and grazing animals like the ibex may be another contributing factor. Probably the most important environmental factor is temperature, for if the growing season is too short and temperatures are too low, tree shoots and buds cannot mature sufficiently to survive the winter months.
Above the tree line there is a zone that is generally called alpine tundra. Immediately adjacent to the timberline, the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses, while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants. Some plants can even survive in favorable microhabitats above the snow line. The highest plants in the world occur at around 6,100 meters on Makalu in the Himalayas. At this great height, rocks, warmed by the sun, melt small snowdrifts.
The most striking characteristic of the plants of the alpine zone is their low growth form. This enables them to avoid the worst rigors of high winds and permits them to make use of the higher temperatures immediately adjacent to the ground surface. In an area where low temperatures are limiting to life, the importance of the additional heat near the surface is crucial. The low growth form can also permit the plants to take advantage of the insulation provided by a winter snow cover. In the equatorial mountains the low growth form is less prevalent.
Paragraph 1: The transition from forest to treeless tundra on a mountain slope is often a dramatic one. Within a vertical distance of just a few tens of meters, trees disappear as a life-form and are replaced by low shrubs, herbs, and grasses. This rapid zone of transition is called the upper timberline or tree line. In many semiarid areas there is also a lower timberline where the forest passes into steppe or desert at its lower edge, usually because of a lack of moisture.
1. The word “dramatic” in the passage is closest in meaning to
○gradual
○complex
○visible
○striking
2. Where is the lower timberline mentioned in paragraph 1 likely to be found?
○In an area that has little water
○In an area that has little sunlight
○Above a transition area
○On a mountain that has on upper timberline.
3. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about both the upper and lower timberlines?
○Both are treeless zones.
○Both mark forest boundaries.
○Both are surrounded by desert areas.
○Both suffer from a lack of moisture.
Paragraph 2: The upper timberline, like the snow line, is highest in the tropics and lowest in the Polar Regions. It ranges from sea level in the Polar Regions to 4,500 meters in the dry subtropics and 3,500-4,500 meters in the moist tropics. Timberline trees are normally evergreens, suggesting that these have some advantage over deciduous trees (those that lose their leaves) in the extreme environments of the upper timberline. There are some areas, however, where broadleaf deciduous trees form the timberline. Species of birch, for example, may occur at the timberline in parts of the Himalayas.
4. Paragraph 2 supports which of the following statements about deciduous trees?
○They cannot grow in cold climates.
○They do not exist at the upper timberline.
○They are less likely than evergreens to survive at the upper timberline.
○They do not require as much moisture as evergreens do.
Paragraph 3: At the upper timberline the trees begin to become twisted and deformed. This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valleys. This is because middle- and upper- latitude timberlines are strongly influenced by the duration and depth of the snow cover. As the snow is deeper and lasts longer in the valleys, trees tend to attain greater heights on the ridges, even though they are more exposed to high-velocity winds and poor, thin soils there. In the tropics, the valleys appear to be more favorable because they are less prone to dry out, they have less frost, and they have deeper soils.
5. The word “attain” in the passage is closest in meaning to
○require
○resist
○achieve
○endure
6. The word “they” in the passage refers to
○valleys
○trees
○heights
○ridges
7. The word “prone” in the passage is closest in meaning to，bj.xhd.cn/toefl/来源：北京新航道托福培训
○adapted
○likely
○difficult
○resistant
8. According to paragraph 3, which of the following is true of trees in the middle and upper latitudes?
○Tree growth is negatively affected by the snow cover in valleys.
○Tree growth is greater in valleys than on ridges.
○Tree growth on ridges is not affected by high-velocity winds.
○Tree growth lasts longer in those latitudes than it does in the tropics.
Paragraph 4：There is still no universally agreed-on explanation for why there should be such a dramatic cessation of tree growth at the upper timberline. Various environmental factors may play a role. Too much snow, for example, can smother trees, and avalanches and snow creep can damage or destroy them. Late-lying snow reduces the effective growing season to the point where seedlings cannot establish themselves. Wind velocity also increases with altitude and may cause serious stress for trees, as is made evident by the deformed shapes at high altitudes. Some scientists have proposed that the presence of increasing levels of ultraviolet light with elevation may play a role, while browsing and grazing animals like the ibex may be another contributing factor. Probably the most important environmental factor is temperature, for if the growing season is too short and temperatures are too low, tree shoots and buds cannot mature sufficiently to survive the winter months.
9. Which of the sentences below best express the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? In correct choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○Because of their deformed shapes at high altitudes, trees are not likely to be seriously harmed by the strong winds typical of those altitudes.
○As altitude increases, the velocity of winds increase, leading to a serious decrease in the number of trees found at high altitudes.
○The deformed shapes of trees at high altitudes show that wind velocity, which increase with altitude, can cause serious hardship for trees.
○Increased wind velocity at high altitudes deforms the shapes of trees, and this may cause serious stress for trees.
10. In paragraph 4, what is the author’s main purpose in the discussion of the dramatic cessation of tree growth at the upper timberline?
○To argue that none of several environment factors that are believed to contribute to that phenomenon do in fact play a role in causing it.
○To argue in support of one particular explanation of that phenomenon against several competing explanations
○To explain why the primary environmental factor responsible for that phenomenon has not yet been identified
○To present several environmental factors that may contribute to a satisfactory explanation of that phenomenon
Paragraph 6: The most striking characteristic of the plants of the alpine zone is their low growth form. This enables them to avoid the worst rigors of high winds and permits them to make use of the higher temperatures immediately adjacent to the ground surface. In an area where low temperatures are limiting to life, the importance of the additional heat near the surface is crucial. The low growth form can also permit the plants to take advantage of the insulation provided by a winter snow cover. In the equatorial mountains the low growth form is less prevalent.
11. The word “prevalent” in the passage is closest in meaning to
○predictable
○widespread
○successful
○developed
12. According to paragraph 6, all of the following statements are true of plants in the alpine zone EXCEPT:
○Because they are low, they are less exposed to strong winds.
○Because they are low, the winter snow cover gives them more protection from the extreme cold.
○In the equatorial mountains, they tend to be lower than in mountains elsewhere.
○Their low growth form keeps them closer to the ground, where there is more heat than further up.
Paragraph 5: Above the tree line there is a zone that is generally called alpine tundra. █Immediately adjacent to the timberline, the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses, while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants. █Some plants can even survive in favorable microhabitats above the snow line. The highest plants in the world occur at around 6,100 meters on Makalu in the Himalayas. █At this great height, rocks, warmed by the sun, melt small snowdrifts. █
13. Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
This explains how, for example, alpine cushion plants have been found growing at an altitude of 6,180 meters.
Where would the sentence best fit?
14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
At the timberline, whether upper or lower, there is a profound change in the growth of trees and other plants.
Answer choices
○Birch is one of the few species of tree that can survive in the extreme environments of the upper timberline.
○There is no agreement among scientists as to exactly why plant growth is sharply different above and below the upper timberline.
○The temperature at the upper timberline is probably more important in preventing tree growth than factors such as the amount of snowfall or the force of winds.
○The geographical location of an upper timberline has an impact on both the types of trees found there and their physical characteristics.
○High levels of ultraviolet light most likely play a greater role in determining tree growth at the upper timberline than do grazing animals such as the ibex.
○Despite being adjacent to the timberline, the alpine tundra is an area where certain kinds of low trees can endure high winds and very low temperatures.
参考答案：
1. ○4
2. ○1
3. ○2
4. ○3
5. ○3
6. ○2
7. ○2
8. ○1
9. ○3
10. ○4
11. ○2
12. ○3
13. ○4
14. There is no agreement among…
The temperature at the upper …
The geographical location of…
托福阅读真题及答案
The Origins of Theater
In seeking to describe the origins of theater, one must rely primarily on speculation, since there is little concrete evidence on which to draw. The most widely accepted theory, championed by anthropologists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, envisions theater as emerging out of myth and ritual. The process perceived by these anthropologists may be summarized briefly. During the early stages of its development, a society becomes aware of forces that appear to influence or control its food supply and well-being. Having little understanding of natural causes, it attributes both desirable and undesirable occurrences to supernatural or magical forces, and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces. Perceiving an apparent connection between certain actions performed by the group and the result it desires, the group repeats, refines and formalizes those actions into fixed ceremonies, or rituals.
Stories (myths) may then grow up around a ritual. Frequently the myths include representatives of those supernatural forces that the rites celebrate or hope to influence. Performers may wear costumes and masks to represent the mythical characters or supernatural forces in the rituals or in accompanying celebrations. As a person becomes more sophisticated, its conceptions of supernatural forces and causal relationships may change. As a result, it may abandon or modify some rites. But the myths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the group’s oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites. When this occurs, the first step has been taken toward theater as an autonomous activity, and thereafter entertainment and aesthetic values may gradually replace the former mystical and socially efficacious concerns.
Although origin in ritual has long been the most popular, it is by no means the only theory about how the theater came into being. Storytelling has been proposed as one alternative. Under this theory, relating and listening to stories are seen as fundamental human pleasures. Thus, the recalling of an event (a hunt, battle, or other feat) is elaborated through the narrator’s pantomime and impersonation and eventually through each role being assumed by a different person.
A closely related theory sees theater as evolving out of dances that are primarily pantomimic, rhythmical or gymnastic, or from imitations of animal noises and sounds. Admiration for the performer’s skill, virtuosity, and grace are seen as motivation for elaborating the activities into fully realized theatrical performances.
In addition to exploring the possible antecedents of theater, scholars have also theorized about the motives that led people to develop theater. Why did theater develop, and why was it valued after it ceased to fulfill the function of ritual? Most answers fall back on the theories about the human mind and basic human needs. One, set forth by Aristotle in the fourth century B.C., sees humans as naturally imitative—as taking pleasure in imitating persons, things, and actions and in seeing such imitations. Another, advanced in the twentieth century, suggests that humans have a gift for fantasy, through which they seek to reshape reality into more satisfying forms than those encountered in daily life. Thus, fantasy or fiction (of which drama is one form) permits people to objectify their anxieties and fears, confront them, and fulfill their hopes in fiction if not fact. The theater, then, is one tool whereby people define and understand their world or escape from unpleasant realities.
But neither the human imitative instinct nor a penchant for fantasy by itself leads to an autonomous theater. Therefore, additional explanations are needed. One necessary condition seems to be a somewhat detached view of human problems. For example, one sign of this condition is the appearance of the comic vision, since comedy requires sufficient detachment to view some deviations from social norms as ridiculous rather than as serious threats to the welfare of the entire group. Another condition that contributes to the development of autonomous theater is the emergence of the aesthetic sense. For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.
Paragraph 1: In seeking to describe the origins of theater, one must rely primarily on speculation, since there is little concrete evidence on which to draw. The most widely accepted theory, championed by anthropologists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, envisions theater as emerging out of myth and ritual. The process perceived by these anthropologists may be summarized briefly. During the early stages of its development, a society becomes aware of forces that appear to influence or control its food supply and well-being. Having little understanding of natural causes, it attributes both desirable and undesirable occurrences to supernatural or magical forces, and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces. Perceiving an apparent connection between certain actions performed by the group and the result it desires, the group repeats, refines and formalizes those actions into fixed ceremonies, or rituals.
1. The word “championed” in the passage is closest in meaning to
○changed
○debated
○created
○supported
2. The word “attributes” in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ascribes
○leaves
○limits
○contrasts
3. According to paragraph 1, theories of the origins of theater
○are mainly hypothetical
○are well supported by factual evidence
○have rarely been agreed upon by anthropologists
○were expressed in the early stages of theater’s development
4. According to paragraph 1, why did some societies develop and repeat ceremonial actions?
○To establish a positive connection between the members of the society
○To help society members better understand the forces controlling their food supply
○To distinguish their beliefs from those of other societies
○To increase the society’s prosperity
Paragraph 2: Stories (myths) may then grow up around a ritual. Frequently the myths include representatives of those supernatural forces that the rites celebrate or hope to influence. Performers may wear costumes and masks to represent the mythical characters or supernatural forces in the rituals or in accompanying celebrations. As a person becomes more sophisticated, its conceptions of supernatural forces and causal relationships may change. As a result, it may abandon or modify some rites. But the myths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the group’s oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites. When this occurs, the first step has been taken toward theater as an autonomous activity, and thereafter entertainment and aesthetic values may gradually replace the former mystical and socially efficacious concerns.
5. The word “this” in the passage refers to
○the acting out of rites
○the divorce of ritual performers from the rest of society
○the separation of myths from rites
○the celebration of supernatural forces
6. The word “autonomous” in the passage is closest in meaning to
○artistic
○important
○independent
○established
7. According to paragraph 2, what may cause societies to abandon certain rites?
○Emphasizing theater as entertainment
○Developing a new understanding of why events occur
○Finding a more sophisticated way of representing mythical characters
○Moving from a primarily oral tradition to a more written tradition，来源：北京新航道托福培训
Paragraph 5: In addition to exploring the possible antecedents of theater, scholars have also theorized about the motives that led people to develop theater. Why did theater develop, and why was it valued after it ceased to fulfill the function of ritual? Most answers fall back on the theories about the human mind and basic human needs. One, set forth by Aristotle in the fourth century B.C., sees humans as naturally imitative—as taking pleasure in imitating persons, things, and actions and in seeing such imitations. Another, advanced in the twentieth century, suggests that humans have a gift for fantasy, through which they seek to reshape reality into more satisfying forms than those encountered in daily life. Thus, fantasy or fiction (of which drama is one form) permits people to objectify their anxieties and fears, confront them, and fulfill their hopes in fiction if not fact. The theater, then, is one tool whereby people define and understand their world or escape from unpleasant realities.
8. All of following are mentioned in paragraph 5 as possible reasons that led societies to develop theater EXCEPT:
○Theater allows people to face that they are afraid of.
○Theater gives an opportunity to imagine a better reality.
○Theater is a way to enjoy imitating other people.
○Theater provides people the opportunity to better understand the human mind.
9. Which of the following best describes the organization of paragraph 5?
○The author presents two theories for a historical phenomenon.
○The author argues against theories expressed earlier in the passage.
○The author argues for replacing older theories with a new one.
○The author points out problems with two popular theories.
Paragraph 6: But neither the human imitative instinct nor a penchant for fantasy by itself leads to an autonomous theater. Therefore, additional explanations are needed. One necessary condition seems to be a somewhat detached view of human problems. For example, one sign of this condition is the appearance of the comic vision, since comedy requires sufficient detachment to view some deviations from social norms as ridiculous rather than as serious threats to the welfare of the entire group. Another condition that contributes to the development of autonomous theater is the emergence of the aesthetic sense. For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.
10. The word “penchant” in the passage is closest in meaning to
○compromise
○inclination
○tradition
○respect
11. Why does the author mention “comedy”?
○To give an example of early types of theater
○To explain how theater helps a society respond to threats to its welfare
○To help explain why detachment is needed for the development of theater
○To show how theatrical performers become detached from other members of society
12. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○A society’s rites were more likely to be retained in the oral tradition if its myths were admired for artistic qualities.
○The artistic quality of a myth was sometimes an essential reason for a society to abandon it from the oral tradition.
○Some early societies stopped using myths in their religious practices when rites ceased to be seen as
useful for social well-being.
○Myths sometimes survived in a society’s tradition because of their artistic qualities even after they were no longer deemed religiously beneficial.
Paragraph 3: █Although origin in ritual has long been the most popular, it is by no means the only theory about how the theater came into being. █Storytelling has been proposed as one alternative. █Under this theory, relating and listening to stories are seen as fundamental human pleasures. █Thus, the recalling of an event (a hunt, battle, or other feat) is elaborated through the narrator’s pantomime and impersonation and eventually through each role being assumed by a different person.
13. Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
To enhance their listeners’ enjoyment, storytellers continually make their stories more engaging and memorable.
Where would the sentence best fit?
14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
Anthropologists have developed many theories to help understand why and how theater originated.
Answer choices
○The presence of theater in almost all societies is thought to have occurred because early storytellers traveled to different groups to tell their stories.
○Many theorists believe that theater arises when societies act out myths to preserve social well-being.
○The more sophisticated societies became, the better they could influence desirable occurrences through ritualized theater.
○Some theories of theater development focus on how theater was used by group leaders to group leaders govern other members of society.
○Theater may have come from pleasure humans receive from storytelling and moving rhythmically.
○The human capacities for imitation and fantasy are considered possible reasons why societies develop theater.
参考答案：
1. ○4
2. ○1
3. ○1
4. ○4
5. ○3
6. ○3
7. ○2
8. ○4
9. ○1
10. ○2
11. ○3
12. ○4
13. ○4
14. Many theorists believe that…
Theater may have come from…
The human capacities for imitation…
篇7：阅读真题及答案解析
精选阅读真题及答案解析
阅读下面两段文字，完成文后的练习
（一）野地里一只独行的蚂蚁，不能设想它头脑里想着很多。当然，就那么几个神经元，让几根纤维串在一块儿，想来连有什么头脑也谈不上，更不会有什么思想了。它不过是一段长着腿的神经节而已。四只、或十只蚂蚁凑到一起，围绕着路上的一头死蛾，看起来就有点意思了。它们这儿触触，那儿推推，慢慢地把这块食物向蚁丘移去。但这似乎还是瞎猫撞着死老鼠的事。只有当你观看聚在蚁丘边的、黑鸦鸦盖过地皮的数千蚂蚁的密集群体时，你才看见那整个活物。这时，你看到它思考、筹划、谋算。这是智慧，是某种活的计算机，那些爬来爬去的小东西就是它的心智。
建造蚁丘的时候，有时需要一批一定规格的细枝，这时，所有成员立刻都着魔般搜寻起正合规格的细枝；后来，外墙的建筑就要完成，要盖顶，细枝的规格要改变，于是，好象从电话里接到了新的命令，所有的工蚁又转而寻找新型号的细枝。如果你破坏了蚁丘某一部分的结构，数百只蚂蚁会过来掀动那一部分，移动它，直到恢复原来的样子。当它们觉察到远方的食物时，于是，长长的`队伍象触角一样伸出来，越过平地，翻过高墙，绕过巨石，去把食物搬回来。 （节选自《作为生物的社会》）
（二）那天我翻了一下午地，又饿又累。本想在地头躺一会儿再往回走，地离村子还有好几里路，我干活时忘了留点回家的力气。时值夏季，田野上虫声、蛙声、谷物生长的声音交织在一起，像支巨大的催眠曲。我的头一挨地便酣然入睡，天啥时黑的我一点不知道，月亮升起又落下我一点没有觉察。
醒来时已是另一个早晨，我的身边爬满各种颜色的虫子，它们已先我而醒忙它们的事了。
这些勤快的小生命，在我身上留下许多又红又痒的小疙瘩，证明它们来过了。我想它们和我一样睡了美美的一觉。有几个小家伙，竟在我的裤子里呆舒服了，不愿出来。若不是搔痒得难受我不会脱了裤子捉它们出来。对这些小虫来说，我的身体是一片多么辽阔的田野，就像我此刻爬在大地的某个角落，大地却不会因搔痒和难受把我捉起来扔掉。大地是沉睡的，它多么宽容。在大地的怀抱中我比虫子大不了多少。我们知道世上有如此多的虫子，给它们一一起名，分科分类。而虫子知道我们吗？这些小虫知道世上有刘亮程这条大虫吗？有些虫朝生暮死，有些仅有几个月或几天的短暂生命，几乎来不及干什么便匆匆离去。没时间盖房子，创造文化和艺术。没时间为自己和别人去着想。生命简洁到只剩下快乐。我们这些聪明的大生命却在漫长岁月中寻找痛苦和烦恼。一个听烦市嚣的人，躺在田野上听听虫鸣该是多么幸福。大地的音乐会永无休止。而有谁知道这些永恒之音中的每个音符是多么仓促和短暂。
（节选自刘亮程《与虫共眠》）
1．两文都涉及了自然界的一些小生命，他们与人类相比有什么相似性？请分条概括。
2．《作为生物的社会》写蚂蚁为什么着眼于个体与群体的比较？
3．《与虫共眠》一文作者对那些小虫是什么态度？
4．两文对待自然的态度能给我们不少启示，试就一点启示谈谈看法。
参考答案：
1．这些小生命与人类相比有很多相似之处，比如①步调一致的行动，②集体协作式的劳动，③有目的的行为，④互相交换信息，⑤勤快忙碌等。
2．因为社会与个体是相辅相成的，社会不能没有个体的参与，而对于社会性生物而言，个体也难以离开社会而生存。所以，无论是谈论人的社会性，还是谈论动物的社会性，都离不开对个体与群体的分析。没有形成群体的蚂蚁，就没有太多的社会性，因而所表现出来的智慧是有限的；对于人类，没有融入社会的科研成果，不能被公众利用，也就丧失了它存在的意义。相比较而言，有着一定组织的社会性生物，如蚂蚁，对社会组织的依赖性更强；人类的个体具有相对的独立性，可以短时间关闭和组织联系的“电路”，但不能从根本上脱离社会而存在。（意对即可）
3．对小虫这些勤快的小生命的喜爱，对他们爬到自己身上保持一种宽容，对小生命生命简洁到只剩下快乐的生活的羡慕，对它们短暂而永恒的生命的赞美。（意对即可）
4．生物的社会行为，归根到底还是不能与人类的社会行为相提并论的，它们在认识自然、改造自然方面不如人类发达，更谈不上有什么意识形态和社会发展。生物的社会行为是生理程序的展开，万古不变，其间较少创造和进步的因素。（可以有其他启示，但必须言之成理。）
篇8：魂阅读真题及答案
魂
听老人说，人是有魂儿的。但我不信世界上会有什么魂儿。
可最近我却看到了。
我乘坐的火车呼啸着开出了石家庄。车厢里人挨人，人挤人，满满登登。
刚上车的一个小伙子，看到一个座位上放着本又脏又破的消遣性的杂志，抄起来，扔到茶几上，便旁若无人地坐下了。
邻座一位干部模样的人说：“对号入座，这儿有人。”
那小伙子眼一瞪，鼻子一抽，脸上肌肉一抖，怪怕人的望着对面座位上的一位穿红色上衣的十来岁的小姑娘，问：“是吗？”
小姑娘点点头说：“是。那也是一位大哥哥，他好像是去打开水了。”
话音刚落，那去打水的精壮小伙子回来了，他凶神恶煞般地吼道：“滚起来！没长眼睛吗？”
坐着的小伙子连头都不抬，一只手在裤兜里摆弄着，那分明是一把匕首。一会儿，他眼睛往上一翻， 说：“少犯傻！老子有票。座儿空着，就要坐，坐定了！”
火车的轰鸣声夹杂着不堪入耳的争吵和谩骂，像冰水一样灌人们耳中，让人肌寒血凝，心都凉透了。我暗自想，假如人有魂的话，那这种人大概只剩一个躯壳了。
四只手揪在一起，一场厮打迫在眉睫。A没有人劝，也没有人去拉。忽然，那个穿红色上衣的小姑娘站起来，眨眨有着双眼皮的又黑又亮的大眼睛，声音像银铃般似的说：“别打架啦！ ________________。你们过来一个人坐这儿吧。”
四只手松开了。一个小伙子坐到小姑娘的'座位上。B所有的人都松了一口气，这才把目光集中到那个小姑娘身上，C她那胖乎乎的白净净的好看的脸刹那间红了，红得跟苹果似的。她抿抿嘴，甩了一下脑后油黑的头发，提着一个不大的旅行袋向车门走去。
火车在保定站停了。我想，她肯定在这一站下车。这趟车终点是北京。到站了，我下了车，在人流中穿行。出了站口，我快步走向公共汽车站。
天啊！我忽然看到了那个小姑娘：大眼睛、双眼皮、好看的脸、油黑的头发、红上衣……
她不是两个小时前在保定站一车了吗？难道我看到了魂儿？我不信。难道是看花了眼？决不会！那么，她是躲到别的车厢，一直站到了北京？
我想追上她，真诚地对她说：“你真好，我不如你。”可终于没有追上，她提着那只不大的旅行袋挤上了公共汽车，门关上了，车开走了。我久久站立着，目送那远去的汽车。心中又忽然想起，老人说，人是有魂的。
我相信了：人有魂，国有魂，民族有魂……
1、结合语言环境，补上文章中空缺的句子。写在下面的横线上。
2、文中A处写“没有人劝，也没有人去拉”有什么用意？（2分）
3、文中B处写“所有的人都松了一口气”有什么作用？（2分）
4、文中C处“她那胖乎乎的白净净的好看的脸刹那间红了，红得跟苹果似的”这句话从描写人物的角度看叫什么描写？其作用是什么？（3分）
5、老人讲的“魂”和“我”赞颂的“魂”含义分别是什么？（2分）
6、在文章的结尾处写“我”夸赞小姑娘“你真好，我不如你”。结合当时的情景想想：小姑娘“好”在哪里？（2分）
7、假如文中的两个小伙子也发现小姑娘撒了个善意的谎，他们会有怎样的心理活动？结合选文有关情节合理想像一下，简要写在下边。（2分）
8、找出文中与最后一段话相照应的句子，并说说“人有魂，国有魂，民族有魂”这句话的含义。（3分
篇9：英语六级阅读理解真题及答案
Recent research has claimed that an excess of positive ions in the air can have an ill effect on people‘s physical or psychological health. What are positive ions? Well， the air is full of ions， electrically charged particles， and generally there is a rough balance between the positive and the negative charged. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a larger proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorm， earthquakes when winds such as the Mistral， Hamsin or Sharav are blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibres， or from TV sets， duplicators or computer display screens.
When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches， fatigue， irritability， and some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental disturbance. Animals are also affected， particularly before earthquakes， snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation， rats to flee from their burrows， dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. This has led the US Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California.
Conversely， when large numbers of negative ions are present， then people have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea， close to waterfalls or fountains， or in any place where water is sprayed， or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effect of a holiday by the sea， or in the mountains with tumbling streams or waterfalls.
To increase the supply of negative ions indoors， some scientists recommend the use of ionisers： small portable machines， which generate negative ions. They claim that ionisers not only clean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course， there are the detractors， other scientists， who dismiss such claims and are skeptical about negative/positive ion research. Therefore people can only make up their own minds by observing the effects on themselves， or on others， of a negative rich or poor environment. After all it is debatable whether depending on seismic readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat.
1.What effect does exceeding positive ionization have on some people?
A.They think they are insane.
B.They feel rather bad-tempered and short-fussed.
C.They become violently sick.
D.They are too tired to do anything.
2.In accordance with the passage， static electricity can be caused by___.
A.using home-made electrical goods.
B.wearing clothes made of natural materials.
C.walking on artificial floor coverings.
D.copying TV programs on a computer.
3.A high negative ion count is likely to be found___.
A.near a pound with a water pump.
B.close to a slow-flowing river.
C.high in some barren mountains.
D.by a rotating water sprinkler.
4.What kind of machine can generate negative ions indoors?
A.Ionisers.
B.Air-conditioners.
C.Exhaust-fans
D.Vacuum pumps.
5.Some scientists believe that___.
A.watching animals to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than depending on seismography.
B.the unusual behavior of animals cannot be trusted.
C.neither watching nor using seismographs is reliable.
D.earthquake
答案：BCDAA
篇10：雅思阅读真题及答案：rainwaterharvesting
Reading Passage 1
Title：村庄储存雨水的活动 Rainwater harvesting (旧)
Question types:Short Answer Questions 6
YES/ NO/ NOT GIVEN 8
文章内容：雨水回收系统。一个干旱地区，主要是描述一个村庄发展了一种储水系统进行雨水的收集。
文章分析：
Rainwater harvesting
For two years southern Sri Lanka suffered a prolonged drought, described by locals as “the worst in 50 years”. Some areas didn't see a successful crop for four or five consecutive seasons. Livestock died，water in wells dropped to dangerously low levels, children were increasingly malnourished and school attendance has fallen. Anestimated 1.6 million people were affected.
A Muthukandiya is a village in Moneragaladistrict, one of the drought-stricken areas in the “dry zone” of southern Sri Lanka (斯里兰卡), where half the country's population of18 million lives. Rainfall in the area varies greatly from year to year, often bringing extreme dry spells in between monsoons (季风).But this drought was much worse than usual. Despite some rain inNovember, only half of Moneragala's 1,400 tube wells were in workingorder by March. The drought devastated supplies of rice and freshwaterfish, the staple diet of inland villages. Many local industries closed downand villagers headed for the towns in search of work.
B The villagers of Muthukandiya arrived in the 1970s as part of agovernment resettlement scheme. Each family was given six acres of land,with no irrigation system. Because crop production, which relies entirelyon rainfall, is insufficient to support most families, the village economyrelies on men and women working as day-labourers in nearby sugar-caneplantations. Three wells have been dug to provide domestic water, butthese run dry for much of the year. Women and children may spendseveral hours each day walking up to three miles (five kilometres) to fetchwater for drinking, washing and cooking.
(部分文章节选)
★ 皇甫谧传阅读答案
★ 孙泰文言文翻译
★ 送陆鸿渐栖霞寺采茶,送陆鸿渐栖霞寺采茶皇甫冉,送陆鸿渐栖霞寺采茶的意思,
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