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篇1：现在分词语法知识点详解
现在分词语法知识点详解
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
(1)现在分词的形式：否定式：not + 现在分词
现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。
现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
(2)现在分词的句法功能：
①现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
②现在分词作表语：
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. The present situation is inspiring. 鼓舞人心。
be + doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。
③作宾语补足语：如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如：
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room?He kept the car waiting at the gate.
④作状语：
A. 作时间状语： (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
B. 作原因状语： Being a League member, he is always helping others.
C.作方式状语，表示伴随： He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.
D.作条件状语： (If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
E. 作结果状语： He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.
F.作目的状语： He went swimming the other day.
G.作让步状语： Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
H.与逻辑主语构成独立主格：
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head. 我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
The window is broken. They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意：be + 过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别：
The window is broken.(系表)The window was broken by the boy.(被动)
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：
boiled water(开有时也可用with (without) +名词(代词宾格)+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
E. 作独立成分：
Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。
5 过去分词 ：过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由原形动词词尾加-ed构成.不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则，要一一记住 。
过去分词的句法功能：
1)过去分词作定语：
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。
注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
(2)过去分词作表语：
fallen leaves(落叶)newly arrived goods(新到的货)
the risen sun(升起的太阳)the changed world(变了的世界)
这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
(3) 过去分词作宾语补足语：
I heard the song sung several times last week.
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：With the work done, they went out to play.
(4)过去分词作状语：
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. (表示原因)
Once seen, it can never be forgotten. (表示时间)
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.(表示条件)
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.(表示让步)
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.
篇2：语法--分词
9. 分词
9.1 分词作定语
分词前置
we can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日
he is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人
分词后置 (i分词词组；ii 个别分词如given, left； iii 修饰不定代词 something等)
there was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里
this is the question given. 这是所给的问题
there is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西
过去分词作定语
与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
most of the artists invited to the party were from south africa.
典型例题
1) the first textbook ___ for teaching english as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
a. have written b. to be written c. being written d. written
答案d. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句 which is written
2）what's the language ____ in germany?
a. speaking b. spoken c. be spoken d. to speak
答案b. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。
spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式，在句中作定语，修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为：
what's the language (which is) spoken in german?
9.2 分词作状语
as i didn't receive any letter from him, i gave him a call.
->not receiving any letter from him, i gave him a call.
由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。
if more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.
->given more attention，the trees could have grown better.
假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。
典型例题
1）_____ some officials, napoleon inspected his army.
a. followed b. followed by c. being followed d. having been followed
答案b. napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by（被…跟随）。本题可改为： with some officials following, napoleon inspected his army.
2）there was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
a. followed b. following c. to be followed d. being followed
答案b. 由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。
3）_______, liquids can be changed into gases.
a. heating b. to be heated c. heated d. heat
答案c. 本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选c。它相当于一个状语从句 when it is heated，…
注意： 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
(being ) used for a long time, the book looks old.
由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
using the book, i find it useful.
在使用的过程中， 我发现这本书很有用。
9.3 连词+分词(短语)
有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。 连词有： when，while，if though，after, before, as. 但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个，如：
while waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.
waiting 和saw 的主语相同。
9.4 分词作补语
通常在感官动词和使役动词之后，如：
i found my car missing. 我发现我的车不见了。
i'll have my watch repaired. 我想把我的手表修一下。
9.5 分词作表语
现在分词： 表示主动，正在进行
过去分词： 表示被动，已经完成
she looked tired with cooking. 她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦。
he remained standing beside the table. 他依然站在桌旁。
9.6 分词作插入语
其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
generally speaking 一般说来
talking of (speaking of) 说道
strictly speaking 严格的说
judging from 从…判断
all things considered 从整体来看
taking all things into consideration 全面看来
judging from his face, he must be ill. 从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。
generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 并不是dogs 的动作)
9.7 分词的时态
1）与主语动词同时，
hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 听到这一消息，他高兴得手舞足蹈。
arriving there, they found the boy dead. 刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。
典型例题
the secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
a. to prepare b. preparing c. prepared d. was preparing
答案b. 此处没有连词，不能选d，否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。 只能在b，c中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生，且与主语为主动关系，应用现在分词。
2）先于主动词
while walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。
分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后， 要用having done。
having finished his homework, he went out.
=as he had finished his homework, he went out.
做完作业后，他出去了。
典型例题
___ a reply, he decided to write again.
a. not receiving b. receiving not c. not having received d. having not received
答案c. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断，分词的动作（接信）发生在谓语动词的动作（决心再写信）之前，因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词，故选c。该句可理解为：because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.
9.8 分词的语态
1）通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动，例如：
he is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you…) 他就是给你钱的那个人。
he is the man stopped by the car. ( = who was stopped by…)
他就是那个被车拦住的人。
2）不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生
gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned
例: a well-read person. 一个读过许多书的人
a much-travelled may 一个去过许多地方的人
a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴
篇3：现在分词作状语语法总结
☆一般来说，-ing形式表示主动、进行;过去分词表示被动、完成。
☆-ing形式作状语，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。
下面是分类总结
篇4：现在分词作状语语法总结
﹡Seeing my parents waving in the crowd，I went running to them.
﹡Crossing the road, the old man was knocked over by a car.
=When he was crossing the road, the old man was knocked over by a car.
﹡(When) Hearing the news, he got frightened.
= When he heard the news, he got frightened.
﹡Having eaten his dinner, the boy rushed out.
﹡Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.
﹡Having received his letter, I decided to write back.
篇5：现在分词作状语语法总结
Being a teacher，you should help your students in every way.
Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.
Not knowing her address, I can't write to her.
Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.
Having eaten too much, he couldn’t go to sleep.
篇6：现在分词作状语语法总结
﹡There is mud and water everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place.
making it difficult to travel from place to place 是结果状语。
现在分词作结果状语表示一种必然性(自然结果)。(making 可以改为 which makes，相当于一个前因后果的非限制性定语从句。)
﹡He comes home late every evening, making his wife very angry.
他每天回来得很晚，这是他的妻子很生气。
=He comes home late every evening, which makes his wife very angry.
=He comes home late every evening, and it makes his wife very angry.
﹡Mary failed all her exams, making both her parents very angry.
玛丽未能通过一门考试，这是她父母非常生气。
﹡European football is played in more than80countries,making it one of the most popular games in the world.
﹡The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.
﹡Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children to look after.
﹡Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.
﹡She threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
﹡The song is sung all over the country, making it the most popular song
﹡The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.
篇7：现在分词作状语语法总结
Listening to English every day (If you listen to English every day)， you’ll learn it well step by step.
Using your head, you’ll find a good way.
Working hard, you’ll surely succeed.
Working hard, you'll succeed.
Taking the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a lake.
Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the park.
★ 英语语法知识
★ 高三英语语法知识
★ 高二语法作文
★ 高中英语语法总结
★ 英文简历语法调整
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