GRE阅读如何应对百变高难度文章题目（锦集8篇）由网友“朴宰燦朴宰范老婆”投稿提供，下面就是小编给大家分享的GRE阅读如何应对百变高难度文章题目，希望大家喜欢!
篇1：GRE阅读如何应对百变高难度文章题目
GRE阅读如何应对百变高难度文章题目?5个步骤让困难阅读难度骤降
五步解题法一：解剖文章首段
积极主动地解读文章的第1段，阅读时尽量记住作者提出的问题(现象或观点)，和一些关于文章内容的概念和词汇，如这篇文章讲的是生物化学，日本企业文化还是黑人运动。搞清楚文章的论题和作者想表达的内容。
五步解题法二：揣摩作者思路
在脑子里或者在草稿纸上画一个文章的结构思路题。了解各个段落的目的和主题。GRE阅读理解考察的是考生的答题能力而非阅读能力。考生不必完全掌握整篇文章，了解文章中的每一个细节，当然考试中一般也没有那么多时间。相反，考生应该只读文章段落的第1句，而快速浏览其余部分。当读完这篇文章时，就能对文章的结构思路有总体的把握。
五步解题法三：注意语气过渡词
在快速阅读文章时，考生应特别留意段落开头或者结尾可能出现的语气词和过渡词。这样做有助于对作者思路的把握，从而快速掌握文章大意。
五步解题法四：总结文章大意
在回答问题前，花几秒钟总结一下文章的思路和主题，不要急着看题。理清思路后再开始读题。
五步解题法五：开始答题
根据自己对文章的整体思路来答题。将问题(或选项)定位到文章中具体的某个段落甚至具体的句子。如果时间充足的话可以看完题后先不看选项，根据自己对文章的了解找到答案，然后再跟选项做比较，找出正确答案。
GRE阅读理解的五步解题法就介绍到此，考生如果在面对GRE阅读题时底气不足略有困难，不妨尝试使用这种方法，也许会对你的解题有所帮助。
GRE阅读题目解析:英国河流引入鲈鱼
P57
Sportfishers introduced the Zander, a type of perch, to Britain’s rivers and canals in the 1970s. Because zander eat large numbers of smaller fish, they have had a devastating effect on native fish populations. To protect the native fish, a government program removed a significant proportion of the zander from Britain’s waterways last year. Surprisingly, this year the loss of native fish to zander has been greater than before.
4. Which of the following, if true, would most help to explain the greater effect of zander on the native fish population?
A. The climate in Britain is very similar to the climate in regions to which zander are native.
B. Most of the zander removed were fully grown, and fully grown zander eat large numbers of smaller zander.
C. Every year a large number of zander are caught by sportfisher in Britain’s waterway.
D. Previous government program designed to remove nonnative species from Britain’s waterways have failed.
E. Zander are just one of several nonnative fish that prey on the other fish found in Britain’s waterway.
P57
1
Sportfishers introduced the Zander, a type of perch, to Britain’s rivers and canals in the 1970s.
1970 年代，S 在英国的河流及运河中引入了 Z，一种鲈鱼。
(Sportfishers 没有查到，可能是一群人，一个协会之类的组织，或者机构或公司，不重要，模糊了。
Zander 梭鲈，一种欧洲很常见的鲈鱼，主要用途是吃。
Whole baked zander served in a restaurant in Balatonfüred, Hungary.
(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zander))
2
Because zander eat large numbers of smaller fish, they have had a devastating effect on native fish populations.
因为 z 吃大量小于，所以它们对本土鱼类有破坏作用。
3
To protect the native fish, a government program removed a significant proportion of the zander from Britain’s waterways last year.
为了保护本土鱼，一个政府项目去年从英国水体中，除掉了相当大比例的 z 。
4
Surprisingly, this year the loss of native fish to zander has been greater than before.
结果令人震惊，去年被 z 吃掉的本土鱼数量比以前还大。
4. Which of the following, if true, would most help to explain the greater effect of zander on the native fish population?
A. The climate in Britain is very similar to the climate in regions to which zander are native.
B. Most of the zander removed were fully grown, and fully grown zander eat large numbers of smaller zander.
C. Every year a large number of zander are caught by sportfisher in Britain’s waterway.
D. Previous government program designed to remove nonnative species from Britain’s waterways have failed.
E. Zander are just one of several nonnative fish that prey on the other fish found in Britain’s waterway.
选 B
找一项能够解释，为什么杀掉了大比例的 z，其他鱼被 z 吃的情况反而恶化了。
B 被杀掉的 z 大多已经长成，而成年 z 会吃掉大量的未成年 z 。满足题设。
A 天气。看到天气就知道这是陪太子读书项。
C 每年 sportfisher 都钓大量的 z，这不能解释为什么去年 z 吃的本土鱼反常地多，按这种说法，去年除了民间钓 z 还有政府 removal program，情况应该好转才对。
D 无关项。之前的项目有没有 failed 不重要，去年项目是成功的，removed a significant proportion of the zander 。
E 捕食本地鱼的外来鱼，z 只是其中一种。本来挺像的，可惜文章中明确说了，去年吃本地鱼更凶的恰好还是 z，而不是其他种外来鱼。
GRE阅读题目解析:埃及狮身人面像
P59
The Great Sphinx is a huge statue in Egypt that has a lion’s body with a man’s head. The face of the Sphinx has long been claimed to be that of pharaoh Khafre, who lived around 2600 B.C., but it cannot be: erosion patterns recently discovered on the lion’s legs can only have been caused by heavy rains, and the Sahara has not had heavy rains in over 10,000 years.
6. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
A. The face of the Sphinx bears a resemblance to the faces on certain stylized statues dating from both before and after the reign of Khafre.
B. Other erosion patterns that appear on the body of the Sphinx are of a sort that could be caused by wind and sand alone
C. Other than the Sphinx, there are no surviving sculptures that have been claimed to portray the face of Khafre.
D. In the last 10,000 years the climate of Egypt has been so dry that even rains that are not heavy have been extremely infrequent.
E. The face of the Sphinx is small relative to the rest of the head, indicating that the face may have been recarved long after the Sphinx was built.
P59
1
The Great Sphinx is a huge statue in Egypt that has a lion’s body with a man’s head.
狮身人面像是埃及的一座巨大雕像，由狮身和人头组成。
2
The face of the Sphinx has long been claimed to be that of pharaoh Khafre, who lived around 2600 B.C., but it cannot be: erosion patterns recently discovered on the lion’s legs can only have been caused by heavy rains, and the Sahara has not had heavy rains in over 10,000 years.
斯芬克斯的脸一直被认为就是法老 K 的脸，他生活在公元前 2600 年左右，但这不可能：最近在狮身腿部发现的侵蚀图样，只可能是大雨冲刷造成的，而撒哈拉地区已经至少 10000 年没下过大雨了。
6. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
A. The face of the Sphinx bears a resemblance to the faces on certain stylized statues dating from both before and after the reign of Khafre.
B. Other erosion patterns that appear on the body of the Sphinx are of a sort that could be caused by wind and sand alone
C. Other than the Sphinx, there are no surviving sculptures that have been claimed to portray the face of Khafre.
D. In the last 10,000 years the climate of Egypt has been so dry that even rains that are not heavy have been extremely infrequent.
E. The face of the Sphinx is small relative to the rest of the head, indicating that the face may have been recarved long after the Sphinx was built.
选 E
还是削弱题，先找结论。
文段的结论很好找，即 but it cannot be，完整地说 the face of Sphinx cannot be that of Khafre .
请注意，题目让我们削弱的是 斯芬克斯的脸不可能是 K 的脸，可没让我们削弱 斯芬克斯是 K 让奴隶造的。有的同学卡在此题，因为他们觉得斯芬克斯怎么看也不是 K 造的啊，作者说的很有道理啊，没法削弱啊，哪个选项都不满足题设。搞清这一点，难度瞬间降低，E 提供了一种可能，斯芬克斯的确不是 K 造的，但可能有人(不管这个人是 K 还是他的儿子)重刻了斯芬克斯的脸，使它看起来像 K 。审好题很重要。
A 斯芬克斯的脸与很多某种风格的雕像类似，它们有的比 K 早，有的比 K 晚。
B 斯芬克斯身上的其他侵蚀图样是单纯被风沙造成的。
C 除了斯芬克斯，没有任何一座现存的雕像声称用了 K 的脸。
D 过去 10000 年埃及如此干燥，以至于小雨都极罕见。
E 斯芬克斯的脸比头的其他部分小，意味着脸可能是雕像建成很久以后改刻上去的。
篇2：GRE阅读如何应对高难度文章题目
GRE阅读如何应对百变高难度文章题目
五步解题法一：解剖文章首段
积极主动地解读文章的第1段，阅读时尽量记住作者提出的问题(现象或观点)，和一些关于文章内容的概念和词汇，如这篇文章讲的是生物化学，日本企业文化还是黑人运动。搞清楚文章的论题和作者想表达的内容。
五步解题法二：揣摩作者思路
在脑子里或者在草稿纸上画一个文章的结构思路题。了解各个段落的目的和主题。GRE阅读理解考察的是考生的答题能力而非阅读能力。考生不必完全掌握整篇文章，了解文章中的每一个细节，当然考试中一般也没有那么多时间。相反，考生应该只读文章段落的第1句，而快速浏览其余部分。当读完这篇文章时，就能对文章的结构思路有总体的把握。
五步解题法三：注意语气过渡词
在快速阅读文章时，考生应特别留意段落开头或者结尾可能出现的语气词和过渡词。这样做有助于对作者思路的把握，从而快速掌握文章大意。
五步解题法四：总结文章大意
在回答问题前，花几秒钟总结一下文章的思路和主题，不要急着看题。理清思路后再开始读题。
五步解题法五：开始答题
根据自己对文章的整体思路来答题。将问题(或选项)定位到文章中具体的某个段落甚至具体的句子。如果时间充足的话可以看完题后先不看选项，根据自己对文章的了解找到答案，然后再跟选项做比较，找出正确答案。
GRE阅读具体复习计划
1、掌握GRE阅读词汇
很多考生在初学GRE的时候往往会觉得最大的障碍就是单词，一般来说，阅读需要掌握的单词比考GRE所需掌握的单词要少的多(四级以上词汇大约个)，对词汇的掌握也没有模拟。
反义对词汇的要求深(即只要看到这个词能知道其大意和褒贬态度就可以了)。这些词往往都是些GRE阅读专署词汇，且重复率很高，只需集中背记一下就可以解决基本问题。
2、复习GRE阅读句子
读句子，尤其是读长难句，比较容易入手的读法是先找句子的主、谓、宾成分，尤其是谓语动词，很多句子结构复杂，由很多从句组成，一句读下来可能会不解其义，开始读的候侯，如果能句子的主干读起，就能相对容易地把握句子的大意。
举个例子：After more than a century of investigation， the relation of these and other phenomena， known collectively as the solar-activity cycle， to terrestrial weather and climate remains unclear.
试着以寻找句子主干为目的来读上面这句话，这就好比将主谓宾加粗，突出了重点和层次，对句子领会起来就更容易些。
另外，将简单句子复杂化通常有其固定的模式， 比如：
1)合并简单句、变简单句为带有从句结构或并列从句结构或多层从句结构的句子;
2)通过否定、双重甚至多重否定增加理解上的困难;
3)将原本分开的句子组合、套用在某固定句式、词组里面;
4)加入插入语来打断读句子的思路;
5)通过将一些成分后置、倒装或者省略来增加难度。读者要想轻松的跳过这些难点，首先要对一些典型的句子进行结构分析，之后还需靠平时的阅读积累，通过一定量的练习熟悉这些句子的结构构成方式，当遇到难以理解的句子时及时总结，分析其结构，从根本上解决所遇障碍，长此以往，进步将不断。
升级进攻GRE阅读高分策略：
对GRE阅读文章结构的把握
文章结构是做阅读题整体思路的关键。掌握了文章结构就知道文章大体的行文脉络，文章的大体意思也差不多了。文章的结构类型以及标志词，以及文章结构类型和主旨题之间的关系，仔细分析一道主旨题的正确答案是怎么阐述原文篇章主旨和结构的，其实这个正确答案就是文章的中心句的改写形式，最重要的就是找出原文中的中心句，这是帮助读者更深刻地理解原文结构的有效办法。
对常考GRE阅读考点的熟悉程度
俗化说，知己知彼，百战百胜。要想迅速攻克GRE阅读难关，就要了解出题者的思维。根据题目反推原文考点，题目都考了原文哪些内容，自己有没有关注到这些内容并做标记，这些内容都有什么可总结的规律、特征词。这样总结非常重要，如果坚持下去，很短一段时间后，就会发现一些固定的原文出题点，日后再读原文的时候也就会自然而然地关注它们了。
对GRE阅读错误题的总结分析
分析错题，做错的题一定不能放过，看它们与正确答案之间的差别在哪里，在分析错题的同时更要关注正确答案与原文定位处的叙述之间的改写关系，尤其是词与词的对应系。当然除了这三点外还有很多可以总结的，比如词汇、难句等，总结是提高的关键，特别是在GRE的阅读中，只有多总结，从总结中不段进步，不段提高，这样我们的阅读水平才会得到提高。
GRE阅读：解析倒装句
在GRE阅读中，考生往往会因为倒装结构的不清晰导致无法理顺整个句子的结构与来龙去脉，所谓倒装也就是为了实现强调句子的某个成分对原有句子结构进行的语言顺序上的某些调整和变化。某些情况往往说话人也会为了某种修辞目的采用倒装结构，修辞目的的倒装结构以文学作品居多。通常在考试的情况下，试题命题人往往会出于某种迷惑考生的目的，有意将句子结构进行改写，在GRE阅读的很多文章中我们都可以发现这种情况。下面我们就结合几个典型的实例来对倒装结构进行分析常见倒装搭配的几种情况：
及物动词加介词：固定词组的固定搭配中，经常出现倒装情况。
例如：bring A to B，写作：Bring to B A例：Yet Walter’s argument , however deficient , does point to one of the most serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who ,no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration.
翻译：然而，沃尔泽的论点，无论它不充分到何种地步，确实揭示了资本主义体制中最为严重的一个弱点，即它将某一类人置于社会中的显赫位置，这类人无论以怎样合法的手段获得了其物质报酬，却常常缺乏其它那些能唤起他人爱戴和钦佩的品质。
如果从bring A to B的角度去分析这个句子，则这个句子应该将people who....or admiration写到it brings 后面，之所以原句子不这样做，则遵循了英语的句尾信息焦点原则，从而尾部信息成为一种受到强调的部位.根据这条原则，说话人要强调什么意思，便可以让他出现在句子的句尾，而传递的信息便主次分明了.句尾信息焦点和“尾重”原则就是采用这一原理.对比下面这两句话：
The patient was taken good care of, and began to recover immediately.
The patient was taken good care of, and immediately began to recover.
这两个句子的意思都是病人受到了很好的照顾，很快开始康复。但第一句的意义重心是immediately, 强调了康复的速度，而第二句的意义重心则在于“康复”而不强调“马上”。
另外上面的第一个例句中的倒装部分还考虑了一个因素，那就是使之读起来不至于让人产生头重脚轻的感觉，而“people who....or admiration”带有一个较长的定语从句，所以就放在了末尾，另外作者在本句中所强调的部分显然是“often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration，却常常缺乏其它那些能唤起他人爱戴和钦佩的品质”另外“no matter how......material rewards”为本句当中的一个插入语成分。
GRE阅读
篇3：GRE阅读应对高难度文章题目技巧
GRE阅读应对高难度文章题目技巧
五步解题法一：解剖文章首段
积极主动地解读文章的第1段，阅读时尽量记住作者提出的问题(现象或观点)，和一些关于文章内容的概念和词汇，如这篇文章讲的是生物化学，日本企业文化还是黑人运动。搞清楚文章的论题和作者想表达的内容。
五步解题法二：揣摩作者思路
在脑子里或者在草稿纸上画一个文章的结构思路题。了解各个段落的目的和主题。GRE阅读理解考察的是考生的答题能力而非阅读能力。考生不必完全掌握整篇文章，了解文章中的每一个细节，当然考试中一般也没有那么多时间。相反，考生应该只读文章段落的第1句，而快速浏览其余部分。当读完这篇文章时，就能对文章的结构思路有总体的把握。
五步解题法三：注意语气过渡词
在快速阅读文章时，考生应特别留意段落开头或者结尾可能出现的语气词和过渡词。这样做有助于对作者思路的把握，从而快速掌握文章大意。
五步解题法四：总结文章大意
在回答问题前，花几秒钟总结一下文章的思路和主题，不要急着看题。理清思路后再开始读题。
五步解题法五：开始答题
根据自己对文章的整体思路来答题。将问题(或选项)定位到文章中具体的某个段落甚至具体的句子。如果时间充足的话可以看完题后先不看选项，根据自己对文章的了解找到答案，然后再跟选项做比较，找出正确答案。
GRE阅读理解的五步解题法就介绍到此，考生如果在面对GRE阅读题时底气不足略有困难，不妨尝试使用这种方法，也许会对你的解题有所帮助。
GRE阅读：长难句的分类
1、长成分
1)长从句做主语、宾语及其他成分
a、主语从句
b、宾语从句
2)长状语
3)层层修饰
4)并列成分
2、常见倒装搭配
(1)及物动词加介词：固定词组的固定搭配中，经常出现倒装情况，如：bring A to B，写作：bring to B A
例：Yet Waltzer’s argument , however deficient , does point to oneof the most serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings topredominant positions in a society people who ,no matter howlegitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack thoseother qualities that evoke affection or admiration.
类似的情况：throw over , insert into , import into , infer from, establish for , advocate as等
(2)及物动词加副词
例：make possible …(单词或者句子)
3、省略的几种情况
(1)重复的成分
(2)让步转折的省略：如although (but)
(3)定语从句引导词的省略which(that )
(4)定语从句的引导词和系动词同时省略，变成后置定语
如：qualities(such as “the capacity for hard work”) essential in producing wealth
4、 短语被分割
如：such as, so that , too to , more than , from A to B , between A and B
5、多重否定
如：Despite these vague categories , one should not claimunequivocally that hostility between recnizable classes cannot belegitimately observed.
6、难句分析举例
Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industrygreatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealthdetached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almostequally detached from the responsible management of business.
[句子主干]Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industrygreatly increased …shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…
[语法难点]本句是典型的非限定性定语从句，难点在其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定，并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的。分句an element…landowners 又带有两个定语从句，一个是(which was)representing…，另一个是(which was)detached…
可见，定语从句的难点在于经常省略“引导词+be”的结构，从而在理解上容易和分词结构相混淆。
[句子翻译] 对资本和企业的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分，代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的分离，而且也几乎与责任管理相分离。
GRE阅读：文章中词汇的考察形式
首先，新GRE阅读中出现了词汇题，即直接问你某个单词是什么意思
我们在看一道样题中公布的阅读题对于词汇是如何考查的：
Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following reading passage.
Scholarship on political newspapers and their editors is dominated by the view that as the United States grew, the increasing influence of the press led, ultimately, to the neutral reporting from which we benefit today. Pasley considers this view oversimplified, because neutrality was not a goal of early national newspaper editing, even when editors disingenuously stated that they aimed to tell all sides of a story. Rather, the intensely partisan ideolies represented in newspapers of the early republic led to a clear demarcation between traditional and republican values. The editors responsible for the papers' content ―especially those with republican agendas ―began to see themselves as central figures in the development of political consciousness in the United States.
10. In the context in which it appears, “disingenuously” most nearly means
A. insincerely
B. guilelessly
C. obliquely
D. resolutely
E. pertinaciously
如果当年，我们总结的天真纯朴类的单词把握的比较好，如下：
天真纯朴的
ingenuous=guileless=naive=simple=artless=unsophisticated
那么这道题，对于我们的同学来说就完全是送分题，对于GRE阅读能力整体偏弱的中国学生来说，这样的题目必须拿下。而拿下这些题目的最好手段，无疑就是按照我们在老GRE词汇班同样的强度来把握词汇。
更为重要的是，从新老GRE的官方备考指导来看，GRE阅读考察共有13项能力，首当其冲的就是“understanding the meaning of individual words.” 显然，词汇量，是阅读理解的基础。经过研究新GRE的官方备考指导中的阅读文章可以得出结论，新GRE阅读中的词汇难度有了明显的上升，这种上升是由于老GRE中的类反单词进入文章和题目引起的。以下例子中可以反映出该结论。
在新GRE的备考指导阅读中，有一篇2句话的文章。
“a person who agrees to serve as mediator between two warring factions at the request of both abandons by so agreeing the right to take sides later. To take sides at a later point would be to suggest that the earlier presumptive impartiality was a sham.”
若熟悉老GRE类反，马上可以联想到这些题：
类比：intercessor: mediate= translator: interpret
consensus: factionalism=expedition:foot-dragging
反义：faction unity
factional ecumenical
factious cooperative
debunk perpetuate to sham
sham genuine
同时我们注意到，下划线的词汇在阅读黄皮书中没有出现过。
另外有一篇文章
“Was Felix Mendelssohn(1809-1847) a great composer? On its face, the question seems absurd. One of the most gifted prodigies in the history of music, he produced his first masterpiece at sixteen. From then on, he was recnized as an artist of preternatural abilities, not only as a composer but also as a pianist and conductor. But Mendelssohn’s enduring popularity has often been at odds—sometimes quite sharply—with his critical standing. Despite general acknowledgement of his genius, there has been a noticeable reluctance to rank him with, say, Schumann or Brahms. As Haggin put it, Mendelssohn, as a composer, was a “minor master…working on a small scale of emotion and texture.”
同样，老GRE中考到下划加粗词汇的类比反义题：
类比：prodigy: person= miracle: occurrence
反义：preternatural ordinary/prosaic
篇4：GRE阅读中这些高难度易错题型如何应对
GRE阅读中这些高难度易错题型如何应对?了解出题特征掌握解题思路
1.中心思想题
所谓中心思想题，是GRE考试当中唯一具有主观思想的考题。主要考察的是考生对于文章的大概意思还有考生对文章总体结构的把握能力。因为GRE考试的范围涉及范围很广，几乎包括了考古，生物，文学和社会科学等等几个比较大的科目。所以针对这样的题型，几乎是对所描述的客观事物的记录以及内容的记叙，不会涉及作者自己的态度以及观点。
根据文章的主要特征，GRE阅读包含两种写作方式：记叙文以及议论文。记叙文是对文章中所涉及到的某类人物或者现象的描述，是对客观存在的事物进行的纪录以及描述。其文章的逻辑发展主要是通过时间顺序或者是空间顺序进行的。相比之下，议论文是通过对文章中的某种客观的事物或者观点表达的看法。
2.列举题
列举，顾名思义，就是通过对文章中符合考题的几个例子进行列举，以获得正确的选项。列举题的形式包括以下两种：第一种是对文章中没有提及到的例子进行列举。考察的方式是通过询问考生选项中没有被提及的例子，进行排除，考生可以定位原文，然后选出正确的答案;第二种，选择文章中提及到的事例。总之，列举题在文章中出现的几率会很大，通常一篇文章会出现一道题目。
3.复述题
针对于复述题，是GRE阅读中最为简单的考题，只要考生可以根据题目要求回归定位原文，那么针对此类的题目，考生及可以迎刃而解了。回答这种题型的技巧是，考生可以分析选项中是否有通过原文改写而成的句子，改写形式包括形容词与副词之间的改写，动词与动名词之间等等，这就靠看考生对于文章句子的定位了。
一般说来，复述题都会很明确的指引你，或者是给予考生很直接的定位线索，如“在文章中的第几行”或者是告诉考生与文章结构密切相连的词或短语。这样考生就可以进行快速的定位。
4.逻辑题
这里所提及的逻辑题型与GRE逻辑稍有区别，阅读题中出现的逻辑一般都比较简单。通过文中给出的逻辑关系，推导出符合这些逻辑关系的选项，这类题目一般设置的都不会太难。
5.作者思路题
这类考题和中心思想题有很大的区别但是也有一定的联系。首先中心思想题型是考察考生对文章意思的理解能力，而作者思路题则是考察考生对于文章结构的掌握。这些构成了文章的主要脉络。如果考生对文化的中心思想可以很好地掌握的话，那么相应的作者思路的题型就可以变得很容易。
6.暗示推理题
其实这类题目介于细节信息和中心思想题目之间，所以考生并不是能很好地界定。但是考生也不一定非要对考题的分类进行界定，GRE阅读的分类也仅仅是为了帮助考生对考试的题型有一个大致的了解。如果你碰到一个考题，虽然能够很快地定位，但是却不是很快地进行选择，那么这道考题就是所谓的暗示推理题。
以上就是关于GRE阅读六大常见题型的分析，各位同学如果在GRE阅读题的复习备考中遇到了阻碍，不妨参考学习一下上文内容，想必会对大家有所帮助。
GRE阅读考试难句解析
1.That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of genecopies transmitted.
那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。
2.Hardy's weakness derived from his apparent inability to controlthe comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones.
哈代的缺陷一方面缘起于他的某种明显的无能，无法控制好那结不尽相同的创作冲动的穿梭往来;另一方面缘起于他不愿意去培养和维持那些富于生机活力和风险性强的创作冲动。
3.Virginia Woolf's provocative statement about her intentions inwriting Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, sinceit highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different fromthe traditional picture of the “poetic” novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following theintricate pathways of individual consciousness.
弗吉尼亚.伍尔夫(Virginia Woolf)在创作《黛洛维夫人》(Mrs.Dalloway)时有关其创作意图的这番发人深思的陈述，迄今为止一贯为文学评论家们所忽略，因为它突出反映了她诸多文学兴趣中某一方面，而这一方面则与人们对“诗性”小说家(poeticnovelist)所形成的传统见解大相径庭。所谓的“诗性”小说家，所关注的是审视想入非非和白日梦幻的诸般状态，并致力于追寻个体意识的通幽曲径。
4.Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was neverrigidly disproved，the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of theopposing view, namely, that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous inquality and are transmitted as “common currency” throughout the nervous system. Other experiments revealed slight variations in thesize, number, arrangement, and interconnection of the nerve cells, but asfar as psychoneural correlations were concerned, the obvioussimilarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much moreremarkable than any of the minute differences. Although someexperiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, itsinternal representation becomes more holistic and the recognitionprocess correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems tosupport the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are notnotably simple and familiar.
虽然某些实验表明，随着一个物体变得熟悉起来，其内心再现图像亦更具整体感，辨认过程相应地更趋于平行，但证据的砝码似乎在支持序列假设(serial hypothesis)，至少是对于那些不甚简单、不甚熟悉的物体来说。
5.In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recentyears on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods.
在很大程度上，由于女权主义运动(feminist movement)的缘故，史学家近年来汇聚了大量的注意力，来更为准确地确定妇女在各个历史时期的地位。
GRE阅读考试难句解析
11.Thus，for instance, it may come as a shock to mathematicians tolearn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not aliterally correct description of this atom, but only an approximation toa somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin, magneticdipole, and relativistic effects; and that this corrected equation isitself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantumfield-theoretical equations.
因此，举例来说，对数学家而言，了解到下述情形可能会令其惊愕不已，即薛定谔(Schrodinger)的氢原子方程式并非是对该原子作出的一种绝然正确的描述，而仅仅是个近似值，趋近于一个在某种程度上更为正确的将自旋、磁性偶极子、以及相对论效应考虑在内的方程式;而这个得以纠正的方程式就其本身而言也只是一个不完美的近似值，趋近于无穷无尽的一整套量子场论方程式。
12.The physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if theassumptions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas anargument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable undersmall perturbations of its underlying assumptions.
物理学家恐惧于那些精确无误的论据不无道理，因为某种只有在它是精确无误的条件下才令人置信的论据，一旦它赖于建立其上的假设稍有变化，便会失去它一部的作用;而与此相反，一个尽管并不精确无误但却令人置信的论据，在其基本假设(underlyingassumption)稍微受干扰的情况下，仍然有可能是站得住脚的。
13.However, as they gained cohesion, the Bluestockings came toregard themselves as a women's group and to possess a sense of female solidarity lacking in the salonnieres, who remained isolated from one another by the primacy each held in her own salon.
起初，蓝袜女们确实模仿了法国沙龙女主人，将男性襄括到其小圈子中来。然则，随着她们获得的凝聚力，她们渐趋将自己视作一女性团体，并拥有了一种妇女团结意识，而这种意识在法国沙龙女主人身上则荡然无存，因为她们每个人在其自己的沙龙中自视甚高而彼此孤立隔绝开来。
14.As my own studies have advanced, I have been increasinglyimpressed with the functional similarities between insect andvertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences thatseem, at first glance, to constitute such an immense gulf between them.
随着我的研究不断深入，我对昆虫和脊椎动物群落之间的功能类似性印象愈来愈深刻，而对结构上的差异印象愈发淡漠，虽然这些结构上的差异初看上去似乎构成了二者间一条无法愈越的鸿沟。
15. Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, its authors react to those circumstances in ways otherthan ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily asinstruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.
虽然小说无疑起源于政治情状，但其作者则是以非意识形态的方式对这些政治情状作出反应的，而将小说和故事主要地当作意识形态的工具来探讨，会在相当程度上阻碍小说事业。
GRE阅读考试难句解析
16.Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic?
这究竟是一种缺陷呢，或者是否表明，这些作者是在按照一种与众不同的美学体系进行创作，抑或是在试图创立一种与众不同的美学体系?
17.Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson's Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man.
《黑人小说》考察了极为广泛的一系列小说，在此过程中让我们注意到了某些引人入胜但却鲜为人知的作品，如詹姆斯·韦尔登·约翰逊(James WeldonJohnson)的《一个曾经是有色人的自传》(Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man)
18.Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to passthrough, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength, infrared emissionsradiated from the Earth's surface, radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space.
虽然这些分子允许可见波长(visiblewavelength)的辐射——阳光的绝大部分能量就汇集于此——不受阻挡地穿透，但它们却会吸收某些较长波长(longer-wavelength)，亦即从地球表面辐射出的红外发射(infrared cmission)，这种辐射若不是二氧化碳的缘故就会被重新输送回太空。
19.The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints-ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that “come naturally”in archetypal situations in any culture.
这些人类学家所归诸于生物进化的作用，不是规定人类行为的种.种细节，而是将各种限制强加于人类——即在任何文化的典型情景中都会“自然表露”的情感、思维、以及行动方式。
20.A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number ofgrazers suggested，but did not prove, that the grazers had removed mostof the algae.
在存在大量食草动物的同时却只有少量的水藻花粉囊，这暗示出——但没能证明——食草动物已吞噬了大部分水藻。
21.Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community graz-ingrates by measuring feeding rates of individual zoo plankton species inthe laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for fieldconditions using the known population density of grazers.
由哈格雷夫(Hargrave)和吉恩(Geen)所进行的研究，对自然条件下的群落食草比例进行了估计，其手段是通过测量出实验室内单独的浮游动物种类的结食比例，然后利用已知的食草动物种群密度，计算出实地状况下的群落食草比例。
GRE阅读考试难句解析
22.In the periods of peak zooplankton abundance，that is，in thelate spring and in the summer，Haney recorded maximum daily com-munitygrazing rates，for nutrient-poor lakes and bog lakes，respectively，of 6.6percent and 114 percent of daily phytoplankton production.
在浮游动物数量激增的高峰期，亦即在春季后期以及夏季，哈尼记录了最大程度上的每日群落食草比率，对于营养物不充足的湖和沼泽湖而言，分别为每日浮游植物繁殖量的6.6%和114%.
23.The hydrologic cycle，a major topic in this science，is thecomplete cycle of phenomena through which water passes，beginning asatmospheric water vapor，passing into liquid and solid form asprecipitation，thence along and into the ground surface，and finallyagain returning to the form of atmospheric water vapor by means ofevaporation and transpiration.
水文循环(hydrologiccycle)，作为该学科中的一个主要课题，指的是水所经过的诸现象的整个循环过程，开始时是作为大气中的水蒸气，转而作为雨、雪、露、雹一类的降水量经过液体和固体形态，由此而沿着地层表面分布或进入地层表面，最终通过蒸发和散发作用再度回复到大气水蒸气的形态。
24.The historian Frederick J. Turner wrote in the 1890's that theagrarian discontent that had been developing steadily in the UnitedStates since about 1870 had been precipitated by the closing of theinternal frontier——that is，the depletion of available new land neededfor further expansion of the American farming system.
史学家弗雷德里克·杰·特纳(FrederickJ.Turner)于十九世纪九十年代著述道，美国约自18世纪70年代以来一直在持续不断发展的农民不满，由于国内边远地区(internalfrontier)的封闭而更趋加剧——亦即是说，美国农业系统进一步扩展所必需的可资利用的新土地几近耗竭。
25.In the early 1950's，historians who studied preindustrial Europe(which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to1800) began， for the first time in large numbers，to investigate moreof the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent whocomprised the political and social elite：thekings，generals，judges，nobles，bishops，and local magnates who hadhitherto usually filled history books.
二十世纪五十年代早期，研究前工业化时代欧洲(此处我们可将其界定为约自13至1800年这一时期的欧洲)的史学家，首次以众多的人数，开始调查前工业化时代欧洲人口中的大多数，而非那些构成了政治与社会精英阶层的百分之二或三的人口，即国王、将军、法官、贵族、主教、以及地方上的达官显贵，而正是这部分人一直到那时为止普遍充斥于史学著作。
26.Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie have used the documents toextract case histories， which have illuminated the attitudes ofdifferent social groups (these attitudes include，but are not confinedto，attitudes toward crime and the law)and have revealed how theauthorities administered justice.
象勒罗伊·拉迪里(Le Roy Ladurie)一类的史学家利用这些文献史料从中挖掘出某些个案史(case history)来，阐明了不同社会群体的态度(这些态度包括，但并非局限于，对犯罪和法律的态度)，并揭示出当局是如何执行审判的。
篇5：GRE阅读应对长篇文章要了解结构
GRE阅读应对长篇文章要从了解结构入手
GRE阅读文章5大常见结构之现象解释型
考点：顾名思义是对某种自然或社会现象进行分析解释。这类文章在一开始就会描述一种“奇怪”的现象，说它奇怪是因为这种现象发生的频率比较低或者在日常生活中不容易见到，又或者是容易被我们忽略的一些现象。文章的展开也是围绕这一现象进行，首先是对这一现象的描述，然后介绍其产生的原因及所造成的影响，从而间接地表达作者的态度或评价。
应对方法：对于这类文章，考生不仅要对描述的现象有所了解，知道其具体在讲什么，更重的是对该现象的成因解释要理解透彻，明确产生这种现象的真正原因才能在作答时快速准确的从文中找到依据。建议大家在平时的练习中养成剖析文章结构的习惯，这样不仅可以大大提高做题的效率，还能举一反三，考生只要稍作归纳，就可以迅速解题，做到事半功倍。
GRE阅读文章5大常见结构之观点比较型
考点：观点对比型的GRE阅读通常会在文章一开始就提出两个或两个以上的观点，并在下文中呈现出对比分析的特点。通过对两个或多个观点的分析比较，间接表现出作者的态度和评价，从而判断文章的主旨和基调。在做题过程中要注意观察作者的态度或评价，因为此类型的文章中通常会有关于作者态度的题目。
应对方法：这类文章主要是考察考生对文章整体的把握程度，对文章结构和内容的分析能力，以及对作者态度评价及逻辑的判断。文章通常围绕新观点展开，明白这一点，就要在平时的练习中多家注意，并养成好的做题习惯，这样才能在考试的时候临危不乱，取得满意的成绩。
GRE阅读文章5大常见结构之结论说明型
考点：此类型的文章通常会在文章开头给出一个明确的结论，然后在下文中围绕这一结论进行详细论述，通过摆事实和分析论据的方式来证明结论的正确性或可行性。文章的展开通常会以“总-分”的形式来呈现。
应对方法：这类文章一般在首句都会出现一个主题句，即topic sentence，接着下文围绕这一话题展开讨论，并且在讨论的过程中不断抛出论据来证明该结论的正确性。通过对论据的分析考生可以准确判断作者的态度，对接下来的题目练习做好铺垫。考生在平时练习的时候一定要养成分析文章套路的习惯，“养兵千日用兵一时”对提升考生的准确率是非常有效的。
GRE阅读文章5大常见结构之对比分析型
考点：此类型的文章通常会在文章开头给出两个或两个以上关于新观点的主题句，然后在下文中围绕这一观点进行详细论述和对比分析，并且在对比中会着重凸显作者的态度和观点。下面给大家举例说明一下。
应对方法：同样，此类文章在结构上也会呈现出总-分-总结构，第一段抛出观点之后在接下来的段落中进行针对性的分析，最后一段通常是对比分析后得出的结论汇总。所以在平时做GRE阅读的时候一定要养成分析文章套路的习惯，这样在做题的时候就能做到心中有数，下笔有神。
GRE阅读文章5大常见结构之自问自答型
考点：问题解答类的文章通常会以问句的形式开始，第一段会提出一个问题或者呈现一个难题，而问题通常是“设问”句。常见的标志词如：problem，difficulty, task, puzzle, challenge, question等词。紧接着会对这一问题进行解答或作出解释，文章围绕这些问题展开讨论分析，并把作者的观点态度贯穿其中。主要考察考生对文章问题的理解以及对所给答案的分析和判断，要求考生有明确的思路和方向。
应对方法：该类文章的大体结构基本可以总结为“提问-解答-表明立场”，考生在读文章的时候一定要把握好文章的基调和作者的评价，善于分析并把握文章的重点，判断作者最想表达的内容。为接下来的作答做好准备。首先，正如上文介绍的，文章一开始就要找出作者提出的文章要讨论的问题。接着，作者会对此给出解答这个问题的重要信息考生对这些信息要进行明确的标注，方便最后的题目解答。最后根据作者对问题作出的回答判断作者的观点和立场，把握文章的主要内容。
了解了上文中提到的这些常见文章结构后，相信大家对于如何提升GRE阅读长篇文章的快速解读拆分技巧也有了一定掌握，之后小编希望大家能够结合一些阅读习题进行实践练习，尽快熟练这项实用的解题技巧。
GRE阅读：要关注的重点
1. 盲目求快而忽略了文章中主要的信息
有些考生片面理解了G式阅读中的快速阅读，认为快速阅读仅仅指的就是提高单位时间内容阅读单词的数量，所以在阅读实践中盲目提速。导致文章中重要的主干内容被忽略。
有些考生在处理上一段的时候以极快的速度从头念到尾，却没有区分关键信息和非关键信息。
2.在阅读时缩手缩脚，不敢舍弃
有的考生在备考时也基本认同了快速阅读方法的合理性，可在实际阅读文章的过程中还是缩手缩脚，不敢快速阅读一些细节。
有些考生将大量时间花在细节上，最终导致没有时间去思考该这部分内容是否值得他这样去细细品味。
3.在阅读时颠倒阅读重点
在把握GRE文章时首先应读出其逻辑层次，其中包括套路，各段段意，各段之间的逻辑关系以及主题句。
其次，需注意文章中的一些重点语言现象，如GRE强转折，强因果和强对比等词所在的句子。同时在看文章时对一些重要的细节要记住它们大致的位置。
最后在做题的时候对一些与题目相关的细节进行仔细的研读。
GRE阅读：同位语语法解析
同位语有关的新GRE阅读语法解析，首先，什么是同位语?
同位语从句是名词从句的一种，置于某些名词之后，如fact, doubt, idea, news, hope, indication, decision, possibility, assumption, suggestion, question等等。这种从句通常是由that引导的，有时也会用到如what, why, whether, when等来引导。
同位语从句和定语从句在句子结构上有一定的相似,容易使人混淆.要注意在同位语从句中that, what, who等连接代(副)词在句中并不充当句子成分。
在进行英文阅读时，要注意同位语与本位语分割的现象，这种现象常常会造成阅读理解上的困难，特别是发生在句子结构本身十分复杂的时候。例如：
The word radar, coined as a code name in World War II, was derived from the phrase Radio Detection And Ranging.这句话的中文意思是radar(雷达)这个词，是第二次世界大战期间作为一个代号而造出来的，是Radio Detection And Ranging(无线电探测和定位)这个词组的缩写。本句的radar是word的同位语。同位语常常表示本位语的另一种说法，指出本位语的具体内容或者列举、突出本位语的一部分内容。
同位语一般置于本位语之后，可以不用标点符号隔开，也可以用逗号、冒号或破折号隔开，例如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.这里thought就和它的由that引导的同位语从句被谓语部分came to him所分割。
There is a growing realization that had Saddam Hussein focused his missile-development prrams on this sort of hardware rather than developing the Scud, Desert Storm could have seen targ in Saudi Arabia and Israel bombarded by weapons whose miss distance might have been measured in terms of tens or hundreds of meters rather than kilometers.
句子解析：这个句子的主干部分十分简短，即There is a growing realization. That引导的是虚拟的关于realization的同位语从句，并且在这个从句中还有一个whose引导的定语从句用于修饰weapons.
句子翻译：现在人们越来越认识到，如果沙达姆侯赛因当初将其导弹发展计划集中在这种硬件而不是发展“飞毛腿”导弹，那么“沙漠风暴”行动中，轰炸沙特阿拉伯和以色列的导弹发射的误差距离恐怕就不会以千米而是以几十或几百米测算了。
英语阅读
篇6：应对GRE阅读长难句和复杂文章高手经验
应对GRE阅读长难句和复杂文章高手经验分享
看懂文章意思并非GRE阅读主要目标
把GRE长文读懂永远是放在第二位的，而把握文章结构，包括文章类型、段与段之间的关系、甚至句与句之间的关系、作者态度则是放在第一位的，在读文章时要时刻记住这一点，对于文章内涵能读懂就读，不懂也不要强求，否则会造成心理阴影，影响做题，尤其是在考前还有一个月的时间，每次做题都要掐时间做。
看文章首先要总结题干
一句话只看一遍，充分利用自己的语法知识，时刻把握句子主干，修饰成分要毫无感觉得快速浏览(这里的“毫无感觉”不是略读，而是不希望过多的修饰成分或插入成分影响对句子主干的理解，这四个字需要自己体会)。
长篇文章要会标记重点
做标记除了大写字母、时间年代、最高级、转折标志词、因果标志词、列举、让步、强对比以外，还要标记出并列连接词(如and)、分号、冒号、表示作者态度的词(这个比较难，需要自己体会收集)，原因会在下面的取舍中谈到。介绍一个做标记的小窍门：标记符号不要只用一种(如下划线)，也不要过多，个最多三种(如括号、圆圈、下划线)，分别标记原因、转折和其他就可以了。
学会取舍有效提升阅读速度
取舍阅读文章内容的的一般标准是：
a)让步分句(如：带although的分句、带it is true的分句、带do的分句等)一律跳过(但是用括号括起来)，只看后半个分句;
b)such as后的内容一律跳过，也用括号括起来，不过我会数数列举的个数，如果是4个，则必出题，其他个数不用管，出题了再回头看;
c)for example举例只要提炼关键词的首字母就可以了，也要括起来，重点看后面或前面的结论;
d)原因——标志词常为because、since—— 一律跳过，括起来，只看结果。比较容易被忽略的是result in和result from，遇到这两个，要在下面划横线做标记;
e)老观点只把握关键词、知道讲的是什么就行，其他一律跳过;
f)冒号后一律跳过，冒号下做标记。
g)分号后一律跳过，因为表示并列，内容和前面大体一致，分号做标记，出题的话再回来看。
而想要追求阅读高分的标准则是：上面这些全看，因为速度上来了，但看这些内容时仍然是“毫无感觉”地看，可以不用担心它们会分散注意力了。当这些内容都做标记后，文章结构就非常清楚了，哪儿是举例、哪儿是结论、哪儿是原因、哪儿是转折一目了然，定位非常容易。
4.反复阅读
提高GRE阅读速度的不二法门就是反复阅读已经读过的文章，至少要保证5遍左右的训练量。大家慢慢地就会产生一种直觉，知道哪里略读哪里重读。
GRE分类词汇记忆：系着
5.9.2 系着
attach v. 将某物系在(另一物)上 (attachment n. 附着，附带)
fasten v. 固定某物(扎牢，扣紧)
lash v. 捆住;鞭打;n. 鞭子
ligature n. 绑缚之物(尤指系住血管以免失血的线)
tether v. 用绳或链拴住(牲畜);n. (拴牲畜的)绳或链;限度，范围
buckle v. 扣紧;n. 皮带扣环
GRE分类词汇记忆：忠诚
5.12.3 忠诚
allegiance n. 忠诚，拥护
committed adj. (对事业、本职工作等)尽忠的
dedication n. 对某事业或目的的忠诚 (dedicate v. 奉献)
devout adj. 忠诚的，忠心的;虔敬的
fealty n. 效忠
homage n. 效忠，崇敬
loyal adj. 忠诚的，忠贞的，忠心的
pharisaic adj. 伪装虔诚的，伪善的
pious adj. 虔诚的，尽责的
steadfast adj. 忠实的;不变的
disaffect v. 使不忠;使不满
perfidious adj. 不忠的，背信弃义的
perfidy n. 不忠，背叛
GRE分类词汇记忆：顺从
5.12.2 顺从，遵守
amenable adj. 愿服从的，通情达理的
complaisant adj. 顺从的，讨好的(随和的)
compliance n. 顺从，遵从
compliant adj. 服从的，顺从的
comply v. 遵循，顺从
conciliate v. 驯服，安抚;调和 (conciliation n. 安慰，安抚)
conform v. 符合或遵守公认的规则 (conformism n. 墨守成规)
conformist n. 尊奉者，英国国教徒
conformity n. 遵从，顺从;一致
defer v. 听从;推延 (deferment n. 延期，暂缓)
deference n. 敬意，尊重
deferential adj. 顺从的，恭顺的
docile adj. 驯服的，听话的
dutiful adj. 恭敬顺从的，尽职的
henpecked adj. 顺从妻子的，惧内的
hew v. 遵守;砍伐
meek adj. 温顺的，顺服的
obedient adj. 服从的，顺从的 (obey v. 服从)
observance n. 遵守，奉行(法律、习俗) (observation n. 观察)
receptive adj. 从善如流的;善于接受的 (reception n. 接待，欢迎)
resignation n. 听从，顺从;辞职
resigned adj. 逆来顺受的，顺从的
sequacious adj. 盲从的
servile adj. 百依百顺的，奴性的
submission n. 恭顺
tame adj. 驯服的;沉闷的
tractability n. 温顺
tractable adj. 温顺的，易于驾驭的
discipline n. 纪律;惩罚，处分;v. 训练，训导
execute v. 执行，履行;将某人处死 (execution n. 执行，实行)
fulfil v. 履行;满足，符合
implement v. 实施，实现;n. 工具，器具
invoke v. (法律的)实施生效;祈求;恳求 (invocation n. 祈祷)
licit adj. 合法的，不禁止的
operative adj. (计划等)实施中的;生效的
prosecution n. 实行，经营;起诉
insubordinate adj. 不服从的，反抗的
nonconformist adj./n. 不遵照传统生活的(人)
篇7：GRE阅读应对长篇文章要从了解结构入手
GRE阅读应对长篇文章要从了解结构入手
GRE阅读文章5大常见结构之现象解释型
考点：顾名思义是对某种自然或社会现象进行分析解释。这类文章在一开始就会描述一种“奇怪”的现象，说它奇怪是因为这种现象发生的频率比较低或者在日常生活中不容易见到，又或者是容易被我们忽略的一些现象。文章的展开也是围绕这一现象进行，首先是对这一现象的描述，然后介绍其产生的原因及所造成的影响，从而间接地表达作者的态度或评价。
应对方法：对于这类文章，考生不仅要对描述的现象有所了解，知道其具体在讲什么，更重的是对该现象的成因解释要理解透彻，明确产生这种现象的真正原因才能在作答时快速准确的从文中找到依据。建议大家在平时的练习中养成剖析文章结构的习惯，这样不仅可以大大提高做题的效率，还能举一反三，考生只要稍作归纳，就可以迅速解题，做到事半功倍。
GRE阅读文章5大常见结构之观点比较型
考点：观点对比型的GRE阅读通常会在文章一开始就提出两个或两个以上的观点，并在下文中呈现出对比分析的特点。通过对两个或多个观点的分析比较，间接表现出作者的态度和评价，从而判断文章的主旨和基调。在做题过程中要注意观察作者的态度或评价，因为此类型的文章中通常会有关于作者态度的题目。
应对方法：这类文章主要是考察考生对文章整体的把握程度，对文章结构和内容的分析能力，以及对作者态度评价及逻辑的判断。文章通常围绕新观点展开，明白这一点，就要在平时的练习中多家注意，并养成好的做题习惯，这样才能在考试的时候临危不乱，取得满意的成绩。
GRE阅读文章5大常见结构之结论说明型
考点：此类型的文章通常会在文章开头给出一个明确的结论，然后在下文中围绕这一结论进行详细论述，通过摆事实和分析论据的方式来证明结论的正确性或可行性。文章的展开通常会以“总-分”的形式来呈现。
应对方法：这类文章一般在首句都会出现一个主题句，即topic sentence，接着下文围绕这一话题展开讨论，并且在讨论的过程中不断抛出论据来证明该结论的正确性。通过对论据的分析考生可以准确判断作者的态度，对接下来的题目练习做好铺垫。考生在平时练习的时候一定要养成分析文章套路的习惯，“养兵千日用兵一时”对提升考生的准确率是非常有效的。
GRE阅读文章5大常见结构之对比分析型
考点：此类型的文章通常会在文章开头给出两个或两个以上关于新观点的主题句，然后在下文中围绕这一观点进行详细论述和对比分析，并且在对比中会着重凸显作者的态度和观点。下面给大家举例说明一下。
应对方法：同样，此类文章在结构上也会呈现出总-分-总结构，第一段抛出观点之后在接下来的段落中进行针对性的分析，最后一段通常是对比分析后得出的结论汇总。所以在平时做GRE阅读的时候一定要养成分析文章套路的习惯，这样在做题的时候就能做到心中有数，下笔有神。
GRE阅读文章5大常见结构之自问自答型
考点：问题解答类的文章通常会以问句的形式开始，第一段会提出一个问题或者呈现一个难题，而问题通常是“设问”句。常见的标志词如：problem，difficulty, task, puzzle, challenge, question等词。紧接着会对这一问题进行解答或作出解释，文章围绕这些问题展开讨论分析，并把作者的观点态度贯穿其中。主要考察考生对文章问题的理解以及对所给答案的分析和判断，要求考生有明确的思路和方向。
应对方法：该类文章的大体结构基本可以总结为“提问-解答-表明立场”，考生在读文章的时候一定要把握好文章的基调和作者的评价，善于分析并把握文章的重点，判断作者最想表达的内容。为接下来的作答做好准备。首先，正如上文介绍的，文章一开始就要找出作者提出的文章要讨论的问题。接着，作者会对此给出解答这个问题的重要信息考生对这些信息要进行明确的标注，方便最后的题目解答。最后根据作者对问题作出的回答判断作者的观点和立场，把握文章的主要内容。
了解了上文中提到的这些常见文章结构后，相信大家对于如何提升GRE阅读长篇文章的快速解读拆分技巧也有了一定掌握，之后小编希望大家能够结合一些阅读习题进行实践练习，尽快熟练这项实用的解题技巧。
GRE阅读练习
(This passage is from an article published in 1973)
The recent change to all-volunteer armed forces in the United States will eventually produce a gradual increase in the proportion of women in the armed forces and in the variety of women’s assignments, but probably not the dramatic gains for women that might have been expected. This is so even though the armed forces operate in an ethos of institutional change oriented toward occupational equality and under the federal sanction of equal pay for equal work. The difficulty is that women are unlikely to be trained for any direct combat operations. A significant portion of the larger society remains uncomfortable as yet with extending equality in this direction. Therefore, for women in the military, the search for equality will still be based on functional equivalence, not identity or even similarity of task. Opportunities seem certain to arise. The growing emphasis on deterrence is bound to offer increasing scope for women to become involved in novel types of noncombat military assignments.
17. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) present an overview of the different types of assignments available to women in the new United States all-volunteer armed forces
(B) present a reasoned (reasoned: adj.详尽论述的, 理由充分的) prognosis of the status of women in the new United States all-volunteer armed forces
(C) present the new United States all-volunteer armed forces as a model case of equal employment policies in action
(D) analyze reforms in the new United States all-volunteer armed forces necessitated by the increasing number of women in the military
(E) analyze the use of functional equivalence as a substitute for occupational equality in the new United States all-volunteer armed forces
18. According to the passage, despite the United States armed forces’ commitment to occupational equality for women in the military, certain other factors preclude women’s
(A) receiving equal pay for equal work
(B) having access to positions of responsibility at most levels
(C) drawing assignments from a wider range of assignments than before
(D) benefiting from opportunities arising from new noncombat functions
(E) being assigned all of the military tasks that are assigned to men
19. The passage implies that which of the following is a factor conducive to a more equitable representation of women in the United States armed forces than has existed in the past?
(A) The all-volunteer character of the present armed forces
(B) The past service records of women who had assignments functionally equivalent to men’s assignments
(C) The level of awareness on the part of the larger society of military issues
(D) A decline in the proportion of deterrence oriented noncombat assignments
(E) Restrictive past policies governing the military assignments open to women
20. The “dramatic gains for women” (line 5) and the attitude, as described in lines 11-12, of a “significant portion of the larger society” are logically related to each other inasmuch as (inasmuch as: 因为, 由于) the author puts forward the latter as
(A) a public response to achievement of the former
(B) the major reason for absence of the former
(C) a precondition for any prospect of achieving the former
(D) a catalyst for a further extension of the former
(E) a reason for some of the former being lost again
Of the thousands of specimens of meteorites found on Earth and known to science, only about 100 are igneous; that is, they have undergone melting by volcanic action at some time since the planets were first formed. These igneous meteorites are known as achondrites because they lack chondrules—small stony spherules found in the thousands of meteorites (called “chondrites”) composed primarily of unaltered minerals that condensed from dust and gas at the origin of the solar system. Achondrites are the only known samples of volcanic rocks originating outside the Earth-Moon system. Most are thought to have been dislodged by interbody impact from asteroids, with diameters of from 10 to 500 kilometers, in solar orbit between Mars and Jupiter.
Shergottites, the name given to three anomalous achondrites so far discovered on Earth, present scientists with a genuine enigma. Shergottites crystallized from molten rock less than 1.1 billion years ago (some 3.5 billion years later than typical achondrites) and were presumably ejected into space when an object impacted on a body similar in chemical composition to Earth.
While most meteorites appear to derive from comparatively small bodies, shergottites exhibit properties that indicate that their source was a large planet, conceivably Mars. In order to account for such an unlikely source, some unusual factor must be invoked, because the impact needed to accelerate a fragment of rock to escape the gravitational field of a body even as small as the Moon is so great that no meteorites of lunar origin have been discovered.
While some scientists speculate that shergottites derive from Io (a volcanically active moon of Jupiter), recent measurements suggest that since Io’s surface is rich in sulfur and sodium, the chemical composition of its volcanic products would probably be unlike that of the shergottites. Moreover, any fragments dislodged from Io by interbody impact would be unlikely to escape the gravitational pull of Jupiter.
The only other logical source of shergottites is Mars. Space-probe photographs indicate the existence of giant volcanoes on the Martian surface. From the small number of impact craters that appear on Martian lava flows, one can estimate that the planet was volcanically active as recently as a half-billion years ago—and may be active today. The great objection to the Martian origin of shergottites is the absence of lunar meteorites on Earth. An impact capable of ejecting a fragment of the Martian surface into an Earth-intersecting orbit is even less probable than such an event on the Moon, in view of (in view of: adv.考虑到, 由于) the Moon’s smaller size and closer proximity to Earth. A recent study suggests, however, that permafrost ices below the surface of Mars may have altered the effects of impact on it. If the ices had been rapidly vaporized by an impacting object, the expanding gases might have helped the ejected fragments reach escape velocity (escape velocity: n.逃逸速度). Finally, analyses performed by space probes show a remarkable chemical similarity between Martian soil and the shergottites.
21. The passage implies which of the following about shergottites?
I. They are products of volcanic activity.
II. They derive from a planet larger than Earth.
III. They come from a planetary body with a chemical composition similar to that of Io.
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III
22. According to the passage, a meteorite discovered on Earth is unlikely to have come from a large planet for which of the following reasons?
(A) There are fewer large planets in the solar system than there are asteroids.
(B) Most large planets have been volcanically inactive for more than a billion years.
(C) The gravitational pull of a large planet would probably prohibit fragments from escaping its orbit.
(D) There are no chondrites occurring naturally on Earth and probably none on other large planets.
(E) Interbody impact is much rarer on large than on small planets because of the density of the atmosphere on large planets.
23. The passage suggests that the age of shergottites is probably
(A) still entirely undetermined
(B) less than that of most other achondrites
(C) about 3.5 billion years
(D) the same as that of typical achondrites
(E) greater than that of the Earth
24. According to the passage, the presence of chondrules in a meteorite indicates that the meteorite
(A) has probably come from Mars
(B) is older than the solar system itself
(C) has not been melted since the solar system formed
(D) is certainly less than 4 billion years old
(E) is a small fragment of an asteroid
25. The passage provides information to answer which of the following questions?
(A) What is the precise age of the solar system?
(B) How did shergottites get their name?
(C) What are the chemical properties shared by shergottites and Martian soils?
(D) How volcanically active is the planet Jupiter?
(E) What is a major feature of the Martian surface?
26. It can be inferred from the passage that each of the following is a consideration in determining whether a particular planet is a possible source of shergottites that have been discovered on Earth EXCEPT the
(A) planet’s size
(B) planet’s distance from Earth
(C) strength of the planet’s field of gravity
(D) proximity of the planet to its moons
(E) chemical composition of the planet’s surface
27. It can be inferred from the passage that most meteorites found on Earth contain which of the following?
(A) Crystals
(B) Chondrules
(C) Metals
(D) Sodium
(E) Sulfur
答案：17-27：BEABACBCEDB
篇8：GRE阅读学术类文章特点分析和应对技巧讲解
GRE阅读学术类文章特点分析和应对技巧讲解
GRE阅读学术文章应对心得：了解文章措辞风格
对于GRE阅读考试来说，学术化就是最大的纲，也是它迥异于托福雅思的纲，我曾在另文中指出，雅思托福的命题目的是生活化，而对于GRE来说，学术化代表着措辞的规范和温和。对于考生的意义在于，文章的整体是温和的，文章里面出现的极端的言辞都是要注意的，文章里面的事实都是与我们学术生活共时的，对于过去的追忆和反现实的虚拟状态，都是非常明显的潜在出题点。尤其是虚拟语气，往往表示应然而非然之状态，很有可能出现负评价，以态度题的方式考察。而一切过分极端的言辞，如绝对的说法，大多数，比较级尤其是强烈比较级，在文章里的出现要注意，还有一种也是强烈的对比的标志，就是以大写字母标注的时间，指明某时之前或之后，我们称之为时间强对比。以上总结之，即是三大关系，强对比，因果以及转折。表示这些关系的连词，一律要注意，最好做出标记。而对于题目来说，考生要注意以上说法是在哪里出现，如果文章有这些强烈的措辞，那么题目当中对应这些段落的选项也有，就很可能是对的，如果选项出现而文章的相应位置没有，则该选项必错。
GRE阅读学术文章应对心得：预见作者的态度
主题题，态度题如何解决呢?首先我们需要了解GRE考试的评价体系。对于激进的(进化论)左的(马列)上纲上线的，通常不与支持，对于以政治干涉学术，尤其反对。对于歧视弱者，损害弱者尤其反对，弱者恒强。Should, must, should have 等词也是负评价，应然不然。选项中极端的，进行人生攻击的，模棱两可的，谄媚的，马上排除，因为这是学术考试。选项过分极端的副词，也要小心，如表示绝对的言辞。
GRE阅读备考时如何应对学术文章?
诸生读此类文章最大误区在于试图读懂，更有甚者，寻求文章之背景，遍寻译文，以期充分理解每个GRE词汇，虽有燃膏继晷之功，难有吴甲吞楚之效，盖此种文章，非为考生读懂而设计。更有甚者，仿阅读之结构，言辞，图作文之高分，则更加南辕北辙，缘木求鱼而已。请杀鸡诸位谨记：这是考试，你只有13-15分钟做题，文章不是用来读懂的，对待难句最好的办法是考虑怎么不读，少读，而不是分析。学术文章特点就是规范，层次清晰，主题明确。我们一定要读出套路，尤其是文章观点的数量，这个直接关系到主题题怎么出。我们要把每段的层次的连词标记出来，我们还要知道每个层次的主题词是什么，周围有没有否定词(改善题)，有没有褒贬的词(态度题，应用题)至于例子，也可以考虑不读或者少读，因为GRE阅读词汇重点考观点，例子是事实，事实记得越多，混淆信息越多，做题越慢，准确率越低。对于例子，只要记住位置就可以，题目考到再看，不考坚决不看。以观点记例子，以观点分层次，以观点分逻辑关系。
GRE阅读备考如何审题破题?
首先记住，先文后题。道理很简单，你直接读题，根本读不懂。所以很重要的是搞明白两个问题，这个题目对应文章那个层次，考的是观点还是例子。
关于如何准备GRE阅读中的学术类文章小编就介绍到这里想，希望你看完之后能够在GRE阅读备考中好好把握这类文章的阅读思路，这样才能够在GRE阅读考试的过程中更好的应对。
GRE阅读练习每日一篇
Of Homer’s two epic poems, the Odyssey has always been more popular than the Iliad, perhaps because it includes more features of mythology that are accessible to readers. Its subject (to use Maynard Mack’s categories) is “life-as-spectacle,” for readers, diverted by its various incidents, observe its hero Odysseus primarily from without; the tragic Iliad, however, presents “life-as-experience”: readers are asked to identify with the mind of Achilles, whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero. In addition, the Iliad, more than the Odyssey, suggests the complexity of the gods’ involvement in human actions, and to the extent that modern readers find this complexity a needless complication, the Iliad is less satisfying than the Odyssey, with its simpler scheme of divine justice. Finally, since the Iliad presents a historically verifiable action, Troy’s siege, the poem raises historical questions that are absent from the Odyssey’s blithely imaginative world.
17. The author uses Mack’s “categories” (lines 4-5) most probably in order to
(A) argue that the Iliad should replace the Odyssey as the more popular poem
(B) indicate Mack’s importance as a commentator on the Iliad and the Odyssey
(C) suggest one way in which the Iliad and the Odyssey can be distinguished
(D) point out some of the difficulties faced by readers of the Iliad and the Odyssey
(E) demonstrate that the Iliad and the Odyssey can best be distinguished by comparing their respective heroes
18. The author suggests that the variety of incidents in the Odyssey is likely to deter the reader from
(A) concentrating on the poem’s mythological features
(B) concentrating on the psychological states of the poem’s central character
(C) accepting the explanation that have been offered for the poem’s popularity
(D) accepting the poem’s scheme of divine justice
(E) accepting Maynard Mack’s theory that the poem’s subject is “life-as-spectacle”
19. The passage is primarily concerned with
(A) distinguishing arguments
(B) applying classifications
(C) initiating a debate
(D) resolving a dispute
(E) developing a contrast
20. It can be inferred from the passage that a reader of the Iliad is likely to have trouble identifying with the poem’s hero for which of the following reasons?
(A) The hero is eventually revealed to be unheroic.
(B) The hero can be observed by the reader only from without.
(C) The hero’s psychology is not historically verifiable.
(D) The hero’s emotions often do not seem appealing to the reader.
(E) The hero’s emotions are not sufficiently various to engage the reader’s attention.
Flatfish, such as the flounder, are among the few vertebrates that lack approximate bilateral symmetry (symmetry in which structures to the left and right of the body’s midline are mirror images). Most striking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish is eye placement: before maturity one eye migrates, so that in an adult flatfish both eyes are on the same side of the head. While in most species with asymmetries virtually all adults share the same asymmetry, members of the starry flounder (starry flounder: (美洲)箭齿鲽,星斑川鲽) species can be either left-eyed (both eyes on the left side of head) or right-eyed. In the waters between the United States and Japan, the starry flounder populations vary from about 50 percent left-eyed off the United States West Coast, through about 70 percent left-eyed halfway between the United States and Japan, to nearly 100 percent left-eyed off the Japanese coast.
Biologists call this kind of gradual variation over a certain geographic range a “cline (cline: n.[生]渐变群(一种生态特征))” and interpret clines as strong indications that the variation is adaptive, a response to environmental differences. For the starry flounder this interpretation implies that a geometric difference (between fish that are mirror images of one another) is adaptive, that left-eyedness in the Japanese starry flounder has been selected for, which provokes a perplexing questions: what is the selective advantage (selective advantage: 选择有利性) in having both eyes on one side rather than on the other?
The ease with which a fish can reverse the effect of the sidedness of its eye asymmetry simply by turning around has caused biologists to study internal anatomy, especially the optic nerves, for the answer. In all flatfish the optic nerves cross, so that the right optic nerve is joined to the brain’s left side and vice versa. This crossing introduces an asymmetry, as one optic nerve must cross above or below the other. G. H. Parker reasoned that if, for example, a flatfish’s left eye migrated when the right optic nerve was on top, there would be a twisting of nerves, which might be mechanically disadvantageous. For starry flounders, then, the left-eyed variety would be selected against, since in a starry flounder the left optic nerve is uppermost.
The problem with the above explanation is that the Japanese starry flounder population is almost exclusively left-eyed, an natural selection never promotes a purely less advantageous variation. As other explanations proved equally untenable, biologists concluded that there is no important adaptive difference between left-eyedness and right-eyedness, and that the two characteristics are genetically associated with some other adaptively significant characteristic. This situation is one commonly encountered by evolutionary biologists, who must often decide whether a characteristic is adaptive or selectively neutral. As for the left-eyed and right-eyed flatfish, their difference, however striking, appears to be an evolutionary red herring (red herring: n.熏青鱼, 转移注意力的话).
21. According to the passage, starry flounder differ from most other species of flatfish in that starry flounder
(A) are not basically bilaterally symmetric
(B) do not become asymmetric until adulthood
(C) do not all share the same asymmetry
(D) have both eyes on the same side of the head
(E) tend to cluster in only certain geographic regions
22. The author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about left-eyedness and right-eyedness in the starry flounder?
I. They are adaptive variations by the starry flounder to environmental differences.
II. They do not seem to give obvious selective advantages to the starry flounder.
III. They occur in different proportions in different locations.
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I and III only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III
23. According to the passage, a possible disadvantage associated with eye migration in flatfish is that the optic nerves can
(A) adhere to one another
(B) detach from the eyes
(C) cross
(D) stretch
(E) twist
24. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage as a whole?
(A) A phenomenon is described and an interpretation presented and rejected.
(B) A generalization is made and supporting evidence is supplied and weighed.
(C) A contradiction is noted and a resolution is suggested and then modified.
(D) A series of observations is presented and explained in terms of the dominant theory.
(E) A hypothesis is introduced and corroborated in the light of new evidence.
25. The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?
(A) Why are Japanese starry flounder mostly left-eyed?
(B) Why should the eye-sidedness in starry flounder be considered selectively neutral?
(C) Why have biologists recently become interested in whether a characteristic is adaptive or selectively neutral?
(D) How do the eyes in flatfish migrate?
(E) How did Parker make his discoveries about the anatomy of optic nerves in flatfish?
26. Which of the following is most clearly similar to a cline as it is described in the second paragraph of the passage?
(A) A vegetable market in which the various items are grouped according to place of origin
(B) A wheat field in which different varieties of wheat are planted to yield a crop that will bring the maximum profit
(C) A flower stall in which the various species of flowers are arranged according to their price
(D) A housing development in which the length of the front struts supporting the porch of each house increases as houses are built up the hill
(E) A national park in which the ranger stations are placed so as to be inconspicuous, and yet as easily accessible as possible
27. Which of the following phrases from the passage best expresses the author’s conclusion about the meaning of the difference between left-eyed and right-eyed flatfish?
(A) “Most striking” (line 4)
(B) “variation is adaptive” (line 19)
(C) “mechanically disadvantageous” (lines 3738)
(D) “adaptively significant” (lines 48-49)
(E) “evolutionary red herring” (line 54)
答案：17-27：CBEDCDEABDE
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