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托福阅读：该怎样注重对语言的把握

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托福阅读：该怎样注重对语言的把握(（锦集4篇））由网友“素馨”投稿提供，下面是小编为大家带来的托福阅读：该怎样注重对语言的把握，希望大家能够喜欢!

托福阅读：该怎样注重对语言的把握

篇1：托福阅读：该怎样注重对语言的把握

托福阅读：该怎样注重对语言的把握

1.如果基础一般的同学，想要参加托福考试，提前3、4个月准备起来。一本好的词汇书是必不可少的。其实背哪一本词汇书不是重点所在，重要的是能够持之以恒，每天对所背的词汇进行复习和总结。因为你在做词汇题时如果能遇到你熟悉的词，可以节省你回到上下文中猜词的时间。

2.从文章的结构开始理解文章。我们要明白，托福考试的阅读文章都是北美校园基础课程的文章，基本没有做过改动，所以文章的结构就是完全按照美式作文的五段法，我们的考生只要用这样的方式去分析每一篇文章，就会发现他们的结构是大同小异的。

3.积累背景知识对我们来说相当的重要，因此我们在做新托福阅读的题目的同时，也应该在空余的时候多阅读课外读物，原版杂志，比如，国家地理，自然，今日美国等一些著名的原版杂志，这不仅可以扩充我们的背景知识，同时也可以补充我们的词汇量。

4.在复习的后阶段，做做模拟练习题是必不可少的。如果有条件的话，是用模考软件做一下，可以模仿新托福机考的真实场景。比较推荐的模考软件有Barron, Kaplan以及一些比较权威的模考网站。当然在你报名时托福官方网站提供给你的那一套不完整的模考题也是很有参考价值的。

托福阅读真题原题+题目

The geology of the Earth's surface is dominated by the particular properties of water. Presenton Earth in solid, liquid, and gaseous states, water is exceptionally reactive. It dissolves,transports, and precipitates many chemical compounds and is constantly modifying the face ofthe Earth.

Evaporated from the oceans, water vapor forms clouds, some of which are transported bywind over the continents. Condensation from the clouds provides the essential agent ofcontinental erosion: rain. Precipitated onto the ground, the water trickles down to form brooks,streams, and rivers, constituting what are called the hydrographic network. This immensepolarized network channels the water toward a single receptacle: an ocean. Gravity dominatesthis entire step in the cycle because water tends to minimize its potential energy by running fromhigh altitudes toward the reference point, that is, sea level.

The rate at which a molecule of water passes though the cycle is not random but is a measureof the relative size of the various reservoirs. If we define residence time as the average time for awater molecule to pass through one of the three reservoirs — atmosphere, continent, and ocean— we see that the times are very different. A water molecule stays, on average, eleven days inthe atmosphere, one hundred years on a continent and forty thousand years in the ocean. Thislast figure shows the importance of the ocean as the principal reservoir of the hydrosphere butalso the rapidity of water transport on the continents.

A vast chemical separation process takes places during the flow of water over the continents.Soluble ions such as calcium, sodium, potassium, and some magnesium are dissolved andtransported. Insoluble ions such as aluminum, iron, and silicon stay where they are and form thethin, fertile skin of soil on which vegetation can grow. Sometimes soils are destroyed andtransported mechanically during flooding. The erosion of the continents thus results from twoclosely linked and interdependent processes, chemical erosion and mechanical erosion. Theirrespective interactions and efficiency depend on different factors.

1. The word modifying in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) changing

(B) traveling

(D) destroying

2. The word which in line 5 refers to

(A) clouds

(B) oceans

(D) compounds

3. According to the passage , clouds are primarily formed by water

(A) precipitating onto the ground

(B) changing from a solid to a liquid state

(D) being carried by wind

4. The passage suggests that the purpose of the hydrographic network (line 8) is to

(A) determine the size of molecules of water

(B) prevent soil erosion caused by flooding

(D) regulate the rate of water flow from streams and rivers

5. What determines the rate at which a molecule of water moves through the cycle, as discussed

in the third paragraph?

(A) The potential energy contained in water

(B) The effects of atmospheric pressure on chemical compounds

(D) The relative size of the water storage areas

6. The word rapidity in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(A) significance

(B) method

(D) reliability

7. The word they in line 24 refers to

(A) insoluble ions

(B) soluble ions

(D) continents

8. All of the following are example of soluble ions EXCEPT

(A) magnesium

(B) iron

(D) calcium

9. The word efficiency in line 27 is closest in meaning to

(A) relationship

(B) growth

(D) effectiveness

PASSAGE 2 AACCD CABD

托福阅读背景知识汇总之科氏力

科氏力 (carioles force)

地球自转会带来一种力，科学家称之为科里奥利力(简称科氏力，是一种非惯性参照系的惯性力)。相对于推或者拉产生的力而言，科氏力并不是一个“真实的”力，但是它的力量确实非常强大，强大到可以造就台风。

在旋转的的地球上，流体运动始终受到科氏力的作用，气象学上又称之为地转偏向力。对于大尺度大气运动，科氏力具有十分重要的意义。

由于地球自转的关系，空气快一开始运动即无法与地球自转系统同步，因而产生偏转现象。举例来说，如果有甲、乙二人站在转盘上，甲自转动中心平抛出一球，给位于转盘边缘上的乙。站在盘外的丙，所看到求的飞行方向是直线，然而就乙和球的相对位置而言，乙所看到球的动作路径却是拋物线。

假设有一颗炮弹从北极点发射出去，如果地球不会自转，那么炮弹的飞行轨迹，从空中鸟瞰，应该是一直线。但是，事实上地球会自转，因此，随着地球的自转，炮弹在空中飞行的轨迹，如果站在北极点看过去，是不断偏右的。这就是科氏力的原理。

这段话基本就是听力原文。

然后就是如何影响洋流，科学家可以利用它来预测。

篇2：托福阅读该遵循怎样的做题顺序

第一点，托福阅读词汇量是关键。

各位如果觉得托福阅读考试很难的话，请你一定要肯拿出时间来背单词。磨刀不误砍柴工，这句话一点都不假。即使你用一周时间，能把80%的单词都记住，那也是很值得的。

篇3：托福阅读该遵循怎样的做题顺序

现在还有人问，先看问题再读文章，又说自己不习惯等等。其实，这个完全在你自己。如果你觉得“先看问题再读文章，而且找到答案就停止，再读下一个问题”这样很习惯，那就保持下去。如果你觉得整个文章读完再做心里踏实，那就读完好了。

第一题，一般都是主题题。先不管。从第二题开始，看问题，然后看是读第一段。不管有没有找到答案，把这一段读完再停。这样，如果词基本认识，句子结构比较清楚的话，答案差不多就出来了。接下来还是这样，即使那一段很长，我也是读完一整段再做题。

但是这里要强调一下。如果你的托福阅读水平不是特别高的话，当你读完一段，有些问题的答案你可能已经知道了，但是还是请定位到原文，再看一遍。看看问题问的是不是的确就是你得出的答案等等。总之一句话，托福阅读的答案都是从文章里来的，如果和文章矛盾了或者文章没有这些说法，那就肯定不是正确答案!

第三，托福阅读解题技巧。

遇到不确定的题目，一定从原文找到定位，然后把肯定不对的选项排除。就算是瞎蒙，50%也比25%好。这个也是做主题题的一贯原则。等你把文章通篇都读完了，再回过头看这个题目的时候，不正确的说法就可以排除了(如果你也是最后做主题题的话，一定不要忘了，还有一道题!)

推荐托福阅读进行限时连续练习，就是每套题不超过53分钟，连续做两套。这可是最后的部分了，最容易疲劳的阶段，因此也需要适应性训练。同样在答题纸上写答案。错题看看是为什么错的，是不是因为定位没找对。把做过的阅读里出现的词对，就是那些单词题的正确选项都摘抄下来，尽管重复的几率不大，但是有些词是经常出现的。

托福阅读长难句分析：天然维生素

今天我们来看这样一个句子：

There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones，that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs，that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like.

(并列同位语从句reports that…，that…，that…)

关于天然维生素优于人造维生素，受精蛋比未受精蛋的营养价值更高，未经熏蒸消毒处理的谷物比经过处理的好等等报道屡见不鲜，但都没有得到证实。

分句1：There are numerous unsubstantiated reports

分句2：that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones

分句3：that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs

分句4：that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like

分句1是整个长句的主句，分句2、分句3和分句4是并列关系，共同构成分句1的同位语从句。本句的意思是有很多没有经过证实的报道，然后并列了三个未经过证实的报道的从句。

托福阅读长难句分析：管弦乐音响

The principal elements in behavioral thermoregulation are basking (heliothermy),heat exchange with substrates such as rock or earth (thigmothermy)，and diurnal and annual avoidance behaviors,which include moving to shelter during the day for cooling and hibernating or estivating (reducing activity during cold or hot weather, respectively).( TPO40,48)

A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound，from a liquid，singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance.

(介词结构from…to…作定语)

持续到19世纪的一系列机械上的改进，包括引入踏板以维持音调或使其柔和，改善金属框架，以及使用最佳牲能的钢丝，最终产生了一种具备无数音调效果的乐器——这些效果涵盖了从最精致的和声到几乎全部的管弦乐音响，从明快流畅的吟唱音调到尖锐的打击乐器的恢弘气氛。

分句1：A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century;

分句2：including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it;

分句3：the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality;

分句4：finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects;

分句5：from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound;

分句6：from a liquid，singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance。

本句的真正的主句结构其实是由分句1和分句4构成，即A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects. 分句2和分句3并列修饰说明分句1中的A series of mechanical improvements，而分句5和分句6并列，修饰说明了分句4中的an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects.

托福阅读长难句分析：城区土地扩展

The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl.

(宾语从句what we now know as)

现在可以获得这些环绕几乎每个大城市边缘地区的土地，这一可能性激发了一场房地产开发的热潮并造成了我们现在称为城区无计划扩展的现象。

分句1：The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled

分句2：what we now know as urban sprawl

分句2嵌套在分句1里，即分句1是主句，分句2是宾语从句，主句结构经过精简应该是The new accessibility of land sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled urban sprawl.

整句话的谓语动词是 sparked 和 fueled, 两个并列的动词。

本句的理解困难还来自于抽象词fuel，它作为名词的含义广为人知，是能源、燃料，作为动词的时候的意思就可以引申为(供给燃料)激发，促使、造成。

篇4：托福阅读怎样对文章段落进行精读

托福阅读怎样对文章段落进行精读?实用技巧实例讲解

托福阅读备考为何要做段落精读?

精读段落可以帮助考生了解托福阅读文章段落的结构规律，捕捉含特殊逻辑关系的结构的可能出题点。

托福阅读备考段落精读要点实例讲解

1. 快速找出并理解段落中心句

段落精读的第一个要点就是要快速找出并理解各段落的中心句。如果是首段，一般关注它的首句或尾句;如果是中间段，一般也是阅读首尾句，但也可能会出现“非常规”的情况，即中心句在段落的中间出现。以下面这个段落为例。

Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles (“feedback”) are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person’s facial expression can influence that person’s emotional state. Consider Darwin’s words: “The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions.” Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger? (官方指南OG “The Expression of Emotions”)

乍一看，你会觉得本段落的中心句就是第一句，其实第一句只是交代了一个普遍的(generally)看法，第二句是基于这个看法作进一步的解释(in fact)。而真正的中心句应该是第三句(由however引出)，它提出了另一个新的看法，叫“面部反馈的假设”，这个新的看法才是本段接着要展开的重点对象。大家在精读段落时，应该特别留意类似“非常规”的情况，充分理解这种段落的写作逻辑。

2. 关注段落中逻辑关系词结构

段落精读的第二个要点就是关注段落中含逻辑关系词的结构，比如转折结构、因果结构、平行结构、连续列举结构等，这些结构往往都是托福阅读考试的出题点。笔者建议考生在精读时用记号标出这些结构的信号词，对其前后的文字加以研读，并与后面的题目进行对照，摸索阅读出题的规律。这里以“转折结构”为例作为示范。

According to conventional theory, yawning takes place when people are bored or sleepy and serves the function of increasing alertness by reversing, through deeper breathing, the drop in blood oxygen levels that are caused by the shallow breathing that accompanies lack of sleep or boredom. Unfortunately, the few scientific investigations of yawning have failed to find any connection between how often someone yawns and how much sleep they have had or how tired they are. About the closest any research has come to supporting the tiredness theory is to confirm that adults yawn more often on weekdays than at weekends, and that school children yawn more frequently in their first year at primary school than they do in kindergarten. (官方模考真题18 “The Mystery of Yawning”)

考生在精读本段落时，要特别注意本段中的Unfortunately，它是转折的信号词之一，引起了前后信息的转折，后面的句子对本段开头的传统理论(conventional theory)作出了反驳，意思是“但遗憾的是，关于打哈欠的仅有的几项科学研究并没有找到打哈欠的频率与个人睡眠时长或者疲劳程度之间的任何关联。”考生可以划出这个转折结构的句子，然后再跟后面的题目进行对照，看看是否针对这句话出题。对照之后，考生会发现有一道事实信息题与这句话有密切的关系。之后，考生还可以在脑海里再回忆下转折结构的信号词除了unfortunately还有哪些，比如还有but、however、yet、nevertheless、while、whereas等，以后读段落或做题时可以多注意这些地方。

学会了托福阅读的文章段落精读技巧，大家就能从阅读中收获到更多宝贵的知识，这样一来考生的备考效率也就会有进一步提升了。

托福阅读长难句：蓄水层

Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year. (41, TPO3)

aquifer /'ækwɪfə/ n. 含水土层

semiarid /ˌsem(a)ɪ'ærɪd/ adj. 半干旱的

我是分解线，大家先自己分析哦

Estimates indicate (that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron), but unfortunately, (under the semiarid climatic conditions) (that presently exist in the region), rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, (amounting to about half a centimeter a year. )

分析：

修饰一：(under the semiarid climatic conditions)，介词短语，修饰后面红色主干部分

中文：在半干旱气候条件下

修饰二：(that presently exist in the region)，从句，修饰conditions

中文：现在存在于这个地区

修饰三：(amounting to about half a centimeter a year. ) ，非谓语动词，修饰前面红色主干

中文：总计大约一年50毫米

主干：rates ofaddition to the aquifer are minimal

中文：蓄水层的补水率很小

参考翻译：

估计表明：蓄水层包含充足的水去填满Huron湖。但很不幸，在目前这个地区半干旱气候条件下，蓄水层的补水率很小，总计大约一年50毫米。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是介词短语、从句、非谓语动词，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

托福阅读长难句：太平洋岛殖民文化

The basic cultural requirements for the successful colonization of the Pacific islands include the appropriate boat-building, sailing, and navigation skills to get to the islands in the first place, domesticated plants and gardening skills suited to often marginal conditions, and a varied inventory of fishing implements and techniques. (48, TPO5)

colonization /ˌkɔlənɪˈzeɪʃən/ n. 开拓殖民地，殖民

appropriate /ə'prəʊprɪət/ adj. 适当的，合适的 v. 挪用，擅用;拨出(尤指款项)

domesticate /də'mestɪkeɪt/ v. 驯养

marginal /'mɑːdʒɪn(ə)l/ adj. 边缘的，边界的;(土地)无生产力的

inventory /'ɪnvəntɔri/ n. 详细目录, 清单

implement /'ɪmplɪmɛnt/ n. 工具，器具

我是分界线，大家先自己分析哦。

The basic cultural requirements (for the successful colonization ofthe Pacifi

c islands) include the appropriate boat-building, sailing, and navigation skills (to get to the islands in the first place), domesticated plants and gardening skills (suited to often marginal conditions), and a varied inventory of fishing implements and techniques.

分析：

修饰一：(for the successful colonizationof the Pacific islands)，介词短语，修饰requirements

中文：太平洋岛成功的殖民

修饰二：(toget to the islands in the first place)，非谓语动词，修饰skills

中文：最先到达这些岛

修饰三：(suitedto often marginal conditions)，非谓语动词，修饰skills

中文：适应常年贫瘠条件

主干部分：

The basic cultural requirements include the appropriate boat-building, sailing, and navigation skills, domesticated plants and gardening skills and a varied inventory of fishing implements and techniques.

就是是三个并列结构，The basic cultural requirements include A, B and C，然后A和B里有修饰成分。

参考翻译：

对于太平洋岛成功的殖民基本的文化条件包括：最先到达这些岛需要的适当的造船、航行和航海技术、适应常年贫瘠条件的驯养植物和园艺技术以及各种各样的捕鱼工具和技术

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是非谓语动词和介词短语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。