备考托福如何有效提升口语(推荐9篇)由网友“寡雨业”投稿提供,以下是小编帮大家整理后的备考托福如何有效提升口语,供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到您。
篇1:备考托福如何有效提升口语
备考托福如何有效提升口语?这3个学习技巧要掌握
1、争分夺秒来应试
口语考试需要你在听到题目的第一刻将该说的准备好,大脑迅速地做出反应,闪现灵感,等到提示音响起时,你就要开始大声响亮的说出你的答案。
它锻炼一个人的口、耳、脑的协调能力,是一个需要争分夺秒的技术活。另外在准备时你也可以在草稿纸上写下准备内容,可以看草稿回答。因此有没有充分的准备也影响着你的发挥。
2、托福口语模板巧准备
针对新托福口语的第一题,准备一些常用的口语段子。例如敬佩的人,喜欢的动物,喜欢的地方,难忘的事,对你最有影响的人……很多段子是可以回答不同的题目的。
例如,题目要你说对你最有影响的人,或让你说你最敬佩的人,就可以使用同一个段子。所以大家可以根据人、事、物、地点等,准备几个属于自己的口语段子,这样在需要时就可得心应手。
针对新托福口语的2-4题,大家可以做出问题的基本框架,利用这个框架来帮住自己理清思路。把听到的内容填进空中,再在相关的地方填上自己的看法,这样答案便可轻松得到了。
3、模拟练习测水平
在做了上述准备后,你便可以自己实战练习,看看自己的能力了。你可以利用OG和两大模拟考软件kaplan和barron来多加练习。另外到了考前最后一个月,你需要做的就是下载机经和预测,把预测的题目全部做一遍,测一下自己的新托福口语水平。
建议你把预测的题目一个不漏的全部做完,这样不仅可以锻炼口语,增强能力,重要的不会为自己考试时遇到出现过的题目却不会做而留下遗憾。
如何正确使用托福口语的模板
口语模板的准备
针对新托福口语的第一题,大家可以在考前准备一些常用的口语段子。例如敬佩的人,喜欢的动物,喜欢的地方,难忘的事,对你最有影响的人等等,这些在很多话题中都可以派上用场。例如,题目要你说对你最有影响的人,或让你说你最敬佩的人,就可以使用同一个段子。所以大家可以根据人、事、物、地点等,充分结合自己的日常生活经历,最好是能够吸引人的小故事,整理出几个属于自己的口语素材,这样在需要时就可得心应手应对自如了。
针对新托福口语的3-6题,大家可以大致概括一下常见问题的基本框架,利用这个框架来帮住自己理清思路。把听到的内容填进空中,再在相关的地方填上自己的看法,这样答案便可轻松得到了。虽说很难有放之四海皆准的框架,但是有好过无,相信在准备的过程中你会发现一件事可以有很多不同的表达方法,因此,只需要在考试中灵活变通就可以从容应对了。
考前模拟练习
在做好了充足的准备后,你便可以自己实战练习,看看自己的口语表达是否得到改善了。建议大家可以利用OG或模拟考软件kaplan和barron来多加练习。尤其是到了考前最后一个月,需要多看机经和预测,把预测的题目全部做一遍,不仅可以锻炼口语,增强能力,重要的不会为自己考试时遇到出现过的题目却不会做而留下遗憾。顺便评估一下自己的托福口语水平,了解自己的不足之处,做一些优化和调整让自己的口语在不出错的基础上增加亮点。
备考托福口语要有好的习惯
1. 每天坚持托福口语练习一两个小时,锻炼你说英文的肌肉习惯
2. 养成大声读英文的习惯,再尝试着用腹式一口气练习,这样使你说出的英文更有底气,更流畅。
3.每天早晨起床后,张大嘴,啊五分钟,这样有利于练好你的腹式一口气。
4. 养成每天去运用的习惯,学过了很多东西,要经常拿出来晒太阳,要学会卖弄英文,你可以找Partner ,也可以对着天空,大树,小鸟对话,只要把这些语言运用自如了,变成你自己的了,什么都好!
5. 学会正确使用复读机,先精听,然后去读,去听自己的发音,找出与磁带录音的不同,直到自己的发音与磁带的发音一样了,再接着听下一个。
6. 托福口语学习要有专一的精神,不要两天学美式的,两天学英式的,我们说这两种发音都挺好的,所以,你喜欢哪种就模仿哪种,而且要保证你所模仿的材料从始到终几乎是那一种发音。
7. 要敢说英文,不要怕犯错。记住:在你用正确的方法练习之后,你犯的错越多,凭着语感纠正的错误也越多,进步也就越大!学习外语的好习惯。
8. 我每天都模仿了一个小时,可以已经十天了,还是读不好。
做得很好,习惯是养成的,只要你用正确的方法去模仿,每天坚持去模仿就是一种好习惯,当然,并不是说我模仿一个小时,发音就能跟磁带一模一样,而是每模仿一次就会进步一点点,这只是时间的问题,也许第十一天,第十二天,就读好了呢?最重要的是你坚持每天去模仿,养成一天不模仿就浑身难受的好习惯!
9. 每天找人去运用,学一句用一句的好习惯,托福口语的学习是边模仿边练习,边运用。不能说等我学好了会说了才去说,而是能说几句就说几句,几天说一句比十年说不出几句要强得多 。
10. 每天坚持复习的好习惯,学过的东西不能丢了,要每天都复习,把练习过的句子拿出来做口译。
托福口语考试出错并不可怕
托福口语考试中,几乎每位同学都怕出错,所以提前会准备各种话题的托福口语模板进行练习,信心满满地参加托福口语考试。熟不知,托福口语讲的太顺也许也是分数不高的一个原因,“故意出错”反而能拿个好成绩,下面为大家介绍一下托福口语考试中“故意出错”的技巧,同学们可以作为参考。
托福口语task1和task2这两道题的答案有一个常见的现象,是考生口语很不好,过多的倚重模板和经验,在考试的时候照搬照抄。由于托福口语task1和task2很多题目网上有披露,大同小异,或者做题前已经偷听到别人的内容,已经有了准备,所以这种情况非常突出。其实,托福口语task1和task2往往是让很多人跌破眼镜的地方。口语的要求是必须:表达清楚、准确、流利、自然。托福口语task1和task2特别要求例证丰富,而且回答时必须是在“讲”,不是在“背”和“读”。
所以,假如你托福口语task1和task2讲的太顺,只有三个可能:
a. 你是大牛,你中国人比美国人还美国人;
b. 你在朗读。你可能休息时将答案基本写在draft paper 上了;
c. 你在背诵。你曾经准备好了答案。
假如评分人认为你的口语不是即兴的,他就会刻意挑毛病,那考生的分数可想而知。那我们如何在既应用模板又让考官相信我们是在“说”呢?
这个就涉及到了我们提到的故意犯错了。托福口语task1和task2必须充分准备,这个当然包括模板。然后最后表演时必须不留痕迹,中间偶尔的“en“ ”ha“可以存在,我们平时在上课时,班上的同学或老师都会有正常的“hesitance”, 连电视台主持人也会有偶然失误,何况中国人,但是切记这种情况不要太多,而且是在你自己知道的情况下有所控制地进行。有时故意弄一个小错误也可以,但是要立即纠正。
备考托福口语要先学会情态动词的用法
托福口语中常常会碰到一些要用刀情态动词的地方,不过作为一个度的把握考生们对于这些托福考试词汇还不能良好的运用,下面的托福口语技巧介绍的就是关于情态动词中can和can't的用法,相信一定能够对大家提供一些帮助。
在托福考试词汇中,情态动“can”和它的否定形式“can't”分别用来描述拥有某种能力和缺乏某种能力,比如“I can play tennis.”(我会打网球。)或者“ I cannot swim.”(我不会游泳)。在托福口语的疑问句中,“can”和“can't”用于征得同意,比如“Can I leave early today?”(“我今天可以提前走吗?”)或者可用于表达挑衅意味,如“Why can’t I have another biscuit?”(“我为什么不能再吃一块饼干?”)
“can't”(或“can not”)也常常和一些动词连用,在英语中是常用的习惯表达。
下面的托福口语技巧就为大家列出情态动词can't 的10个习惯表达:
1. can’t wait –to be excited about something迫不及待要做某事
e.g. I can’t wait to see my friends next week. It’s going to be wonderful.
例:下周要见我的朋友们啦,我已经迫不及待了,一定会很棒的。
2. can’t stand – to strongly dislike something厌恶某物
e.g. I can’t stand the traffic in Beijing.
例:我简直不能忍受伦敦的交通。
3. can’t bear – to strongly dislike something because it makes you unhappy因为某件东西令你难以忍受而讨厌
e.g. She can’t bear to be away from her family longer than a week.
例:她不能忍受离开家人超过一个星期
4. can’t take it – cannot tolerate something不能忍受某事
e.g. I can’t take his constant shouting anymore. I have to leave.
例:我受不了他一直大叫了,我要走了。
5. can’t be bothered – to have no interest in something对某事没兴趣
e.g. I know I should go for a run but I can’t be bothered tonight.
例:我知道我该去跑步了,但是今天晚上我就是提不起兴趣。
6. can’t take my eyes off her/him – to be attracted to someone被某人吸引
e.g. Simon can’t seem to take his eyes off the new Marketing assistant.
例:西蒙被新来的市场助理深深吸引了。
7. can’t win – life is difficult生活艰辛
e.g. Sometimes no matter what you do in life, you can’t win.
例:有时候无论你做什么,生活都是一样的艰辛。
8. can’t help it – to have no control over something忍不住做某事
e.g. I can’t help it, I find chocolate digestives irresistible!
例:我就是忍不住,巧克力太难拒绝了!
9. can’t think straight – cannot concentrate不能集中
e.g. I am so tired that I can’t think straight.
例:我太累了,注意力无法集中。
10. can’t hear myself think – cannot concentrate不能集中
e.g. There is so much noise here that I can’t hear myself think.
例:这里太吵了,我不能集中思考了。
篇2:托福口语备考如何提升口语表达能力
托福口语备考 如何提升口语表达能力?
一. 美式思维
因为中美的文化不一样还会出现很大的差异,考官们原本也许就是美国人。大家描述东西肯定都是将它放到时间和空间两个坐标上去描述。美国人对空间的描述一直都是由内及外,由里及表。但是中国人就刚好相反。根据时间上而言,中国人都是根据自然的时间顺序来描述。我们描述一个东西突然停住时,往往最后说的那个地方是最重要的。美国人在时间的描述上先把最重要的东西说出来,然后再说陪衬的东西。只有发生悲剧性的事件,美国人才在前面加上铺垫。这就是中国人和美国人在时间描述上的巨大差别。
二.换句表达
要训练How to explain things in different ways,一种表达式对方不明白,美国人通常是会去寻找另一种表达式,这样最后让对方明白。由于事物就一个,但表达它的语言符号也许就会相当的多。如此就要更多的做替换练习。传统的教学方法同样是称为替换练习,但这种替换事实上并非是真的替换,只是语言层面的替换,而并非是思维层面的替换。比如,I love you(我爱你)。按我们教学的替换方法就把you换成her,my mother等,这种替换和小学生练描红没有什么区别。这种替换没有对智力构成挑战,没有启动思维。这种替换句子的基本结构没变,我听不懂I love you,肯定也听不懂I love her。如果替换为I want to kiss you,I want to hug you,I will show my heart to you等,或者给对方讲电影《泰坦尼克》,告诉对方那就是爱,这样一来对方可能就明白了。这才叫真正的替换。也就是说用一种不同的方式表达同一个意思,或者一个表达式对方听不清楚,举一个简单易懂的例子来表达,直到对方明白。想了解更多官方真题Official口语参考答案如何寻找的相关信息,可以登录三立教育。
三.养成深入了解事情本质的习惯
美国人与美国人交谈,其中有百分这八十是想告诉对方这个事物是什么。大家的课本虽然词汇难度在不断的加深,但思维逻辑结构却都只是停留在一个水平上。中国人经常的表示Where is the book(这本书在哪儿)?但却很少会有人表示What is a book(书是什么)?这时美国的小学生就会提出:What is the book-;这种Where is the book只是思维的描述阶段。但是我想连大学生也很难回答What is a book-;因为中国传统英语教学模式没有教会学生表达思想的技巧。
怎样把握好托福口语的时间分配
生掌控时间能力的强弱对这个部分成绩的高低有着直接影响。前两道题的准备时间为15秒,回答时间是45秒;3、4题的准备时间是30秒,回答时间则是60秒;最后两道题目的准备时间是20秒,回答时间为 60秒。托福口语考试考了这么多次,很多考生都反映托福口语考试时间是比较紧促的。这个就更要求考生要合理的使用时间。托福口语如何把握好时间,第1、2中的题目属于日常话题,这两道题本身难度比较小,所以特别需要注意的就是时间的分配问题,在这45秒钟里,一般用5~6秒完成topic sentence, 接下来的40秒应以每一个detail或者example不超过3~4句话的规律完成该话题,也就是说大致20秒完成一个detail或example的表述。如果考生能在考前进行充分的准备,锻炼自己的口语思维,积累常用的details或examples,考试时就会从容许多。
其次,托福口语考试水平除了本身对于知识的掌握,考试时间的掌握也很重要,要知道托福口语第一题和托福口语第二题相对于其他题目更简单一些,所以考生要学会在上面节省一些时间。
托福口语:语气词分析
托福口语是我们大陆考生比较难以拿高分的,如果勤练习加上方法技巧和一些范文的借鉴,相信大家会有不错的收获。
表示肯定回答的有:
uh-huh, yes, yup, yep, yeah, yea, ay, aye, sure, yah, ya, certainly
表示否定回答的有:
no, nope, na, naw, nah, uh-uh
英语中有一些语气词称为 discourse markers或discourse fillers,掌握这些语气词对于英语口语的提高有着非常重要的作用。这些词本身并没有太多的意义,主要起到舒缓语气,给说话者提供思考紧接着的话题的时间及引出话题等作用。这些词有oh, well, like, uh and OK(有时写成okay) 。
Oh
一般放在回答句句首,用来表明听者接受到一些新信息。如:
Doctor: I think you’ve probably got what we call dry eyes.
Patient: Oh.
Oh同常与一些单词或词组连用,有时表明说话人明白了、知道了,如 oh I see, oh right;有时是对听到信息的反应,如 oh good, oh heavens, or oh no
Well
well和oh一样用在回答句的句首,但表达的意思不一样,放well在回答句的句首表明说话者认为事实和他的想法与他所停到的不同
Like
引出别人的话的很通常的方法是用like
篇3:托福口语备考:如何提升口语发音
托福口语备考:如何提升口语发音?
一.录音并回听
如果你听不到自己的发音问题,要纠正就很难了。试着把你将的话录下来并和英语为母语人士将的对比一下。应对托福口语非常有效。
二. 语速保持慢速
很多英语学习者常说语速太快容易养成他们的坏习惯。由于太快而模糊不清是口语考试的大忌。所以我们要accuracy然后才是fluency,每天操练一些基本语言以单音节开始,然后单词,把几个词连在一起,组成句子。这样你就能慢慢开始表达自己的思想了。
三.想象音调发音规则
闭上你的眼睛并在说出口之前想一想如何发这个音。想象出口型和脸部动作。这个可以配合看电影来做,留意Hollywood的明星是怎么样一字一句的说出那些令人神魂颠倒的话语的。
四.多练习
发音是个形体动作。要学会嘴巴的发声方法和移动肌肉的方式。每天集中训练几个音。你发this, thank, they,和little, wool等单词困难吗?试试发‘th’,将你的舌头放在齿间(不要咬住)并从口中吐气。感受气流从你的舌间吹过。
五.站在镜子前练习
站在镜子前查看当你发某些固定音时的嘴型,唇型和舌头的位置。和你看到的native speaker的发音对比!平时还可以把自己的发音模样录成video,仔细观察比较。
六.模仿发音好的人
绝对没有取代从专家-英语母语人士处学习发音的方式。因此仔细听!听英语广播节目并看英语的电视节目和电影。尽量不要念字幕!模仿你所听到的-就算你还不肯定他们说的话。
七.敢于表达不害羞
发音的问题迟迟不能解决就是因为我们害怕犯错。-第一次见面,在饭店点菜,询问方向-然后你自己表演出对话内容。别害羞!
八.找同伴练习
从其他人处获得反馈是非常重要的。找一个对提高英语水平同样感兴趣的朋友。试着更换录音资料这样你就可以互相听对方的发音。记住录完要重新听听,找出错误和闪光点啊。
九.了解升降调
好的发音不仅是掌握单独的音节。还是对intonation (声音的升降调)和stress (对单词中一些音节和句子中的一些单词更大声更清晰的发音)的理解。大声念一些诗歌,演讲,歌曲,集中练习单词的重音和音调。
十.歌曲练习
学习一些英语流行歌曲的歌词并跟着唱。唱歌帮助你放松并能让这些词说出来,同时帮助改进你的语音和语调。
八个托福口语模板
【插图】
There are a great many beautiful and delicate pictures to illustrate the words and make it more understandable. With those wonderful pictures, learning can be real fun and easy!
【环境优美】
The amazing part is its picturesque view and enjoyable surroundings. Having a walk beside the lake and rockery, I can smell the fragrance of grass and the flowers, hear the cries of the birds and feel the bracing breeze on my face.
【学习英语】
With the language surroundings, it'll be easy for me to polish my speaking and listening skills.This can render me a good opportunity to practice my English, and eventually put me in a favorable position in the upcoming competition.
【勇敢】
You've got to have faith and courage; the only thing we have to fear is fear itself. In this rapid developing society, if we're easily freaked out by various challenges, then there's no way we can succeed.
【放松】
It drives away my lassitude and helps me relax and relieve the pressure from work and study. What's more? It even puts me in a better mood and wards off the depression and pessimism .
【好笑】
The scene is extremely hilarious and funny and make me laugh. Laugh can definitely drive away my lassitude and helps me relax and relieve the pressure from work and study. What's more? It even puts me in a better mood and wards off the depression and pessimism .
【结交朋友】
I would be able to make friends with those who share the same love for this. Perhaps we can have a little get-together. We can talk, laugh, I mean, exchange our ideas and share our feelings. We all feel like one big family.
【榜样作用】
Since he is the role model for us, he needs to speak and behave appropriately, in order to set a good example for us. No one can deny that a good example can exert an profound influence on the people.
托福口语开场的十大误区
误区一:废话连篇不知所云
典型失败案例:
Topic 1-Should college students be allowed to get married?
This topic is very interesting. I’m very interested in talking about this topic. Because I’m also a college student and I’m not married……
修改方案:开门见山 直奔主题
In my opinion, it would not be a wise decision to allow college students to get married。
Topic 2-Will modern technology, such as the Internet, ever replace the book or the writing word as the sole source of information?
Ok, this topic is a very good topic. First, let me tell you a story: I have a friend, he likes go on the internet very much. Every day, he uses internet to read news or play internet games. So we can see the internet is more and more important in our daily life。
Topic 3-The importance of environmental protection
Oh, this topic is surely very important. Isn’t it? Of course! It’s really very very important!
误区二:中式英文人见人晕
典型失败案例:
Topic 1-The happiest moment in your life
In our life, there are always some moments which make your heart flower opened angrily……
Topic 2- The population problem
The population problem is a very big problem. For example, in the city centers of Shanghai, we can always see people mountain people sea there。
Topic3- Is there fairness in today’s business world?
I think in today’s society, there is no fairness in the business world. For example, I always chopped when I go out buy things……
Topic 4- The advantage of being a nice person
Being a nice person have many advantage. I believe if a people always do bad things, he will get “baoying”。
误区三:观点模糊态度暧昧
典型失败案例:
Topic-Should college students be allowed to get married?
I think this topic is very hard to say. Because I am still very little, only 17, and not married, so this topic is very difficult for me……
误区四:偏离主题无轨电车
典型失败案例:
Topic-It is said that nowadays one can not acquire the qualifications and quality essential to success through university education. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement?
I think to success, we must have a lot of important qualities. To have these important qualities, we must learn a lot of things, for example, English, music tools, and etc. We can learn these qualities from our teachers, our friends and from books. All in all, we can learn from many places。
误区五:语法错误惨不忍睹
典型失败案例:
Topic-If children behave badly, should their parents accept responsibility and also be punished?
About this problem, my think is if children behave badly, then parents are not right. Because teach child is parent’s responsibility. So we also punish parents too besides children is also should。
误区六:过分简单没有重点
典型失败案例:
Topic-The importance of environmental protection
This issue is surely very important, let’s talk about it!
误区七:用词不当 表达不准
典型失败案例:
Topic-Should college students be allowed to get married?
I think college students should not be allowed to get married because they are very young and so we can’t take the responsibility to form a family。
误区八:意思重复原地踏步
典型失败案例:
Topic-Your opinion on DINK families
My opinion on DINK families is that DINK families is not a good thing. And it is a bad thing. It brings no benefits to our society and it is even sometimes harmful to our society。
误区九:中国俗语胡乱翻译
典型失败案例:
Topic 1-Is it good to have a large family?
I think it is good to have a large family. Because we Chinese believe a sentence: “Many sons, many lucks”……
正确说法:
Happiness lies in having many children
Topic 2 -Should we pretend to know everything or admit our ignorance?
We all know, our Chinese old fathers and grandfathers said: “Know is know, don’t know is don’t know”……
Topic 3- Do you think one’s character is greatly influenced by his/her family?
Chinese old words says very good: Dragon born dragon, phoenix born phoenix, rat’s son can make hole……
Topic 4- The advantage of being a nice person
I believe one sentence:“A good person is all life safe”. We Chinese people always say: “Good has good pay, bad has bad pay”。
误区十:观点武断 态度强硬
典型失败案例:
Topic1-The importance of confidence
In my opinion, confidence is the most important thing for a person. All the successful people in the world are full of confidence. While those people who don’t have confidence, they all have failed。
Topic 2 - The solution to the traffic problem
I think to solve the traffic problem, very easy! For those who don’t obey the traffic rules, we should put all of them into prison. If we do that, I’m sure there will be no traffic problem any more.
篇4:托福口语备考如何提升背诵效率
首先,小编认为,托福口语虽然是一门语言能力考试,其考试形式是以学生用口语回答而非书面写作为主,但语言能力的体现离不开对考生英语基础能力和积累知识的运用,这其中就包括了词汇、语法、句式等各个方面的语料资源。而这些资源数量庞大,根据口语不同题目的变化也有很大的需求,考生如果没有经历过一定的背诵记忆环节,很难积累起足以应对托福口语考试的语料。从这个角度来说,托福口语备考当然需要背资料。
托福口语哪些资料需要背?
当然,托福口语要背资料,但也绝不代表着考生无论是什么和口语考试相关的资料都需要背,小编认为托福口语虽然资料众多,也分为不同类别,但其中真正需要大家专门花时间去认真记住的资料也并不算太多。一般来说,考生需要认真去背的资料主要有这几类:
1. 口语常用词汇,搭配和句式
2. 名人名言俚语谚语
3. 经典事例论据素材
4. 回答模板框架结构
5. 承上启下的连接词关系词逻辑词
以上这些内容,小编建议大家可以认真去背出来,并且通过练习掌握正确用法,至少也需要做到能在口语回答时不需要多加思考就能随口说出使用好的水平。而除了这些内容外,另一些和托福口语相关的资料在小编看来则基本上没有记忆的必要和价值,它们是:
1. 官方考题真题原题
2. 回答范例高分答案
3. 完整模板句式结构
上面这些内容,小编认为是没有记忆价值的,原因很简单,首先托福考试口语的题目就没必要去背,因为考试中考生很难遇到完全一模一样的题目,即使真的碰到类似的题目,其题目要求细节可能也会有所差别,考生需要的只是回答这道题目的思路而不是题目本身。其次回答范例和高分答案也是一样,大家在备考中对于这类素材的用法精髓在于学习其中好的地方,比如词汇运用句式结构等等,范例本身直接背出来毫无意义,如果在考试中直接套用还有抄袭雷同风险。完整模板也是一样,如今的ETS评分越来越智能化,机器评分功能即将登场,套路化的模板会很容易被发现而影响得分。因此,上面这三类资料大家就不必浪费时间去专门记忆背诵了。
背资料也要从实用性角度出发
最后,即便是对于需要大家去背的资料,小编认为考生在具体记忆的思路上也需要从实用性角度出发。无论是词汇句式还是案例素材,大家在记忆过程中都需要考虑到它们的实用性,比如这些素材能够被用到哪些题目中,我在回答时可以在哪里使用这些素材等等。独立而割裂的记忆对于提升托福口语不会有太多帮助,所有背出来的资料素材都能立即投入到实际口语答题中才有意义。而通过这种边记忆边运用的方式,大家也才能真正发挥出这些素材的价值,在考试中如臂挥指般自然流畅地使用出来。
关于托福口语备考到底要不要背资料的问题小编就为大家解答到这里,希望大家能够明确认识到托福口语的备考方法和正确思路,为考试做好充分的准备工作。
托福口语考试阅读的核心
一般来讲,任何一个段落无论长短都会涉及问题的一个方面,也就是说每个段落往往要围绕一个主题展开。如东一句,西一句,文章的脉络就不会清晰,读者也就无从抓住重点。段落无论长短都会有说明主题的句子,我们称它为主题句(Key Sentence / Topic Sentence)。抓住主题句就等于抓住了段落的中心。因而,准确判断并找出主题句相当重要。主题句一般会出现在段首或段尾,起概括全段的作用。主题句也可以出现在段中,同时还可以首尾呼应,段落结束时再次强调本段落的中心思想。请看下面的例子:
例1:阅读下面的段落:Students today socialise in ways quite unlike those of their parents. One of the primary differences is the use and abuse of drugs. During the ‘60s and ‘70s, students were known to smoke the odd joint and occasionally take harder substances, whereas according to recent polls, students today are using ever larger quantities of drugs on an ever more regular basis. Whilst cannabis is still the drug of choice among young people, synthetic drugs such as ecstasy and harder drugs such as cocaine and even heroine are being taken by an increasing number of students. Drugs are much more readily available to students and are much cheaper than ever before.段首句为主题句:“Students today socialize in ways quite unlike those of their parents.”它揭示了这段的中心思想是“现在的学生以一种不同于他们父母所采用的方式进行着社会活动。”余下的各个句子都是以具体的事例来支持说明这一中心论点的。例2:阅读下面的段落:We surveyed local residents in three university towns throughout the state to find out their opinions on the students in those towns. We questioned over three thousand people and found that since our last survey three years ago, attitudes towards students have changed considerably. “Lazy,” “scruffy” and “bad-mannered” was how more than 40% of those questioned described students, up from 22% in the last survey. This year only 25% considered students to be “polite” and “friendly” compared with 39% three years ago. Overall, 49% considered students to be a positive part of the town compared to 58% last time.这次调查发现,与三年前的一次调查相比,人们对于学生的态度产生了相当大的变化。这是本段的主题。然后用具体的百分比数字说明这一中心观点。主题句在段落中间。例3:阅读下面的段落:Now let’s look at an interesting example with color. If you own a blue car, you know it is blue, even it is in bright sunlight, in darkness or under a yellow street light. Your eyes tell you that it changes color in these different situations, but your brain knows better. You have learnt that cars don’t change color all time, and so your brain interprets the information your eyes give you.主题句在段尾:“你的大脑在解释你的眼睛传递给它的信息。”前面有关蓝色汽车的例子正是为说明这一观点服务的。
主题句固然可以很好地向读者说明段落的中心思想,但阅读中我们常常会发现,有时很难在具体的位置找到一个明显的能说明主题的句子。这时就需要我们对段落的整体内容进行归纳总结,高度概括提炼出它的中心思想。注意到了主题句的位置,抓住了主题句,就等于抓住了段落的中心思想。除此之外,阅读时还应注意一些进一步归纳总结的词汇和短语的使用以及其他一些措辞,因为这些词的使用可以就什么是主题为读者提供有用的线索。
托福考试口语节日类词汇
主要传统节日: carnival狂欢节(狂欢节是一个大斋节前的节日,人们狂欢作乐并宴饮。狂欢节的日期根据复活节的日期推定,但必须是2月的星期一);Christmas圣诞节(纪念耶稣基督诞生的节日, 12月25日);Easter Sunday (耶稣)复活节 (3月21日或其后月满之后的第一个星期天);Father’s Day父亲节(每年6月的第三个星期日);Mother’s Day 母亲节(在美国为五月的第二个星期日);Thanksgiving Day 感恩节(11月的最后一个星期四);Valentine's Day情人节(2月14日);Lantern Festival元宵节;Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节;New Year's day元旦;Spring Festival春节;etc.
其它词汇: Christmas cake / card / present / pudding / stocking / tree, Christmas Eve / time, colored lights, compliments, customs, fireplace, gifts, goodwill, habits, ham, privacy, ribbons(缎带,丝带), rose, Santa Claus, shocking, tradition, Turkey, wreaths(花环,花冠),etc.
常用短语: appropriate dress, break (follow, keep up) a custom 破坏、(遵从,遵守)习俗;celebrate Christmas, cultural differences, culture shock, Eastern and Western societies, go “Dutch”, manners and customs风俗习惯; proper behavior, religious customs, social customs, the Thanksgiving feast, etc.
常用句型: 1. Custom required our dressing for dinner. 礼俗要求我们参加宴会穿礼服。
2. It is an old custom that men tip their hats when greeting somebody.
3. It is the custom for the Chinese to take off their shoes when they get into a hall.
4. It is the custom to dye eggs at Easter.
5. Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year.
6. So many countries, so many customs. 有多少国家,就有多少习俗;百里不同风。
7. Social custom vary greatly from country to country.
8. The celebration of Christmas is a custom.
9. Turkey and ham are traditional dishes for Christmas.
10. When in Rome do as the Romans.
托福口语
篇5:托福口语如何自行在家备考提升
托福口语如何自行在家备考提升?这3种实用练习方式要了解
1. 听读练习
很多考生来感觉听读练习是听力备考练习的方法。但对口语的备考来说,听读练习也非常有效。想会说,一定要听懂。从口语本身来看,口语要发音准,就一定要知道怎样正确的发音是准确的,自己才能正确的发音。建议大家可以找到独立的环境进行练习。如果不愿意通过与人交流来提升自己的口语能力,就不妨利用MP3边读边听、边纠正。
另外,还需要提醒考生们,托福考试过程中,周边的环境略带嘈杂。所以,练习的时候,也可以找个有些的噪音的地方,让自己的声音大声朗读出来,逐步提升自己的音量,以便习惯之后的考场环境。
2. 模仿练习
想要逐步让自己的读音逐步变得的标准,模仿练习最为重要。但是自己对着自己就不再有太多顾及。模仿时要大大方方,清清楚楚,一板一眼,口型要到位。对于语音语调的模仿是一个长期的过程,所以大家千万不能心急。同时,也建议大家可以找些原版素材,反复听读,作为一个模板的素材。
3. 复述练习
托福口语中,有准确的语言语调之后,语速也是其中存在的一个问题。如果在对话过程中结结巴巴,不但语速会受到影响,也可能会让最后的评分打折。为解决这个问题,建议考生从复述练习开始,找些身边的材料,一篇演讲稿,或者是一部电影内容,只要是自己感兴趣的内容,都可以作为复述的内容。语言应尽量生动、简练,有明确的情节,这样可以更好地把握语言的连贯性。
托福考试口语练习
Poor thing! 真可怜!
Nuts! 胡说!
Make it up! 不记前嫌!
Watch you mouth. 注意言辞。
Any urgent thing? 有急事吗?
Don’t over do it. 别太过分了。
Can you dig it? 你搞明白了吗?
What if I go for you? 我替你去怎么样?
Who wants? 谁稀罕?
Follow my nose. 凭直觉做某事。
Don‘t push me up. 别逼我
Have a good of it。玩的很高兴。
What is the fuss? 吵什么?
It doesn’t make any differences. 没关系。
Don’t let me down. 别让我失望。
Does it serve your purpose? 对你有用吗?
Don’t flatter me. 过奖了。
Big mouth! 多嘴!
Sure thing! 当然!
I”m going to go. 我这就去。
Never mind. 别担心。
Drop it! 停止! Bottle it! 闭嘴!
Don”t play possum! 别装蒜!
There is nobody by that name working here。这里没你说的这个人。
Break the rules. 破坏规则。
How big of you! 你真棒!
Gild the lily. 画蛇添足。
I’ll be seeing you. 再见。
I wonder if you can give me a lift? 能让我搭一程吗?
托福考试口语练习
1 You look concerned. What’s on your mind 你看上去有点心思沉沉,在担心什么呢?
2 I’ve got to quiet down and get focused. 我该冷静下来,集中注意力。
3 I know he has the blues(He is feeling very down!), but it doesn’t mean he can vent his anger on me. 我知道他心情不好,但他也不能把气发在我身上呀。the blues 心情不好,If a girl is sad, an ice-cream cone can normally chase the blues away. 如果女孩心情不好的话,给她一个冰淇淋,她就会转哭为笑了。也可说,an ice-cream cone can normally help shake off the blues.
4 I’m up to my neck in work.这句话的意思就是I am quite busy. 我太忙了,这工作把我忙得晕头转向。I have got a pretty tight schedule today. 我今天的日程安排得很紧。
5 Easy! 悠着点;不要性急;轻一点;也可以说:Go easy. Go easy on it(省着点用). Easy-going, 很容易相处:She is caring and easy-going.
6 Crush 原意为“粉碎”,现常指“暗恋”,又常指青涩少年的那种爱,并不稳定,例如,小女生对老师的爱恋,过一阵就烟消云散。Peter has a crush on Jenny.
7 Ask somebody out 与人约会,谈恋爱:He doesn’t have the guts to ask her out because he is afraid she will turn him down. 他不敢告诉她他爱她,因为他生怕会遭到她的拒绝。类似的有go out with somebody: I heard you’re going out with Jane. 我听说了你在与Jane谈恋爱。
8 Mr. Right: 白马王子,He’s gentle, patient, successful, and MATURE. I think He’s my Mr. Right! 他温柔体贴,有耐心,成功又成熟。我知道他就是我的意中人(我未来的丈夫非他莫属;也可以说是真命天子)。(白马王子的另一个说法:prince charming)
9 Jack 对朋友John说,他刚刚与Esther拜拜了,(I just broke up with Esther.)John 安慰Jack说, I don’t know what to say to comfort you, but cheer up! There’s plenty of fish in the sea and you’ll find your soul mate, your perfect match!
10 My relationship with her is already history.我与她的关系早已成历史了。
托福考试口语练习
1 I cannot take it any more. 我再也无法忍受了。前面还可以加上一句:don’t push me. 不要再逼我呀。 同样意思的句子还有:I cannot stand him any longer.
2 Don’t take it out on me! 不要把气出在我身上。
3 You have my word. 我向你保证(是这样)。
4 Look, I have to got going. 就这样了,我还得干活呢(还得赶路)。这是向人告辞的说法。
5 You’re talking crazy. 你满嘴胡言。相当于you talk nonsense之意。 从语法上看,将形容词放在动词后不是很正规,但人家都这么说,也就可以将就了。
6 I don’t mean to cross the line. 直译是“我不想越界”。这句话的意思是,我并不是想管闲事呀,只是随便问问。“I don’t mean to cross the line, is she your new girl friend ?”
7 Thank you for .....(the tea, and so on), and everything else. 谢谢你的(茶水款待),以及一切。当你向人道谢时,你一下只想起了一件具体的事,但又接受了不止一项的好处,就加上一句 and everything else,这样就不会漏谢什么了。
8 I won’t take that crap.我才不会信那套鬼话。也可以说:I won’t buy that beef.同样的意思。
9 Calm down. 不要激动好不好?
10 sick 恶心 you make me sick. 你叫我恶心。 People do sick things to young girls nowadays. 现在总有人对小女孩做那些恶心的事。 He is sick. 如果你把sick一词念得很重,意思就是“他令人恶心。”如果念得不重,意思就只是“他病了。” 所以要小心。
托福考试口语练习
1. Hold on 等一下 (口语中,人们不太用wait a minute)如果两人辩论,吵架,抬杠,你要别人“打住”,可以说,hold it right there.
2. I hate his guts. 我最讨厌他。也有说I hate him guts. Guts 是肠子,相当于“恨之入骨”的意思。He doesn’t have many guts. 他是个胆小鬼。 ut feeling 直觉
3. Nuts, 果仁,核,为复数时,意为“疯子”,He is nuts。他有神经病。He went nuts and killed a guy.他发疯了,结果杀了一个人。You are driving me nuts. 你真是要把我逼疯。a tough nut to crack, 一项艰巨的任务,一个难解之题
4. How is everything? (还好吗?) I am just stuck in a rut, doing the same things every day. I wish I could do something different. (烦死了,每天都是干同样的活,我真想换个活法。) rut 日常的,每天都如此,get in a rut,日复一日,天天如此
5. I have totally sold out to your idea. 我100%地赞同赞同你的意见。类似的话还有If you are not careful enough, you will buy into his bad idea. 如果你不小心的话,你就会采纳他的这馊主意。
6. I am just ecstatic about going to visit you soon. 马上要见你,我高兴死了。
7. A dap and dip 打个照面,露下脸就走。
Matt: Are we going to Jon’s party?我们去琼的聚会吗?
Darryl: Yeah, but I don’t want to stay long, so let’s make it a dap and dip.那就去吧,不过我可不想多呆,顶多就打个照面就走人。
8. I would like to get a job within couching distance. 我想找个不用走路就可以上班的工作。Couching distance,沙发距离,就是坐在沙发上不起身也能够得着。这是那种 couch potato喜欢做的美梦。
9. Yukky 难吃,说这个词时还要做一个难吃的表情。Where did you get this food? It was yukky. 你从哪里弄了这吃的?那么难吃。
10. 与yukky相反的词是yummy,好吃极了。说这个词时,要不然就把音拖一下,要不然说它两次,表示你真的喜欢主人做的这道菜。
Agree:
- train and work hard
- support many business
- risk injury and career loss
Disagree:
- other profession more important
- other create the star
- talent not unique
Topic sentence
- Entertainers and athletes rely on talents that not everyone has and so I agree that they deserve their high salaries.
Supporting sentences
- Not only are they talented, but also they have often spent most of their lives preparing for their roles.
- Dedication also helps many other people around them make money.
- They risk injuries such as loss of voice or damage to their bodies that shorten careers.
Closing sentence (optional)
- Since their talent contributes to economic success of so many businesses, I do not believe their high salaries are out of line.
Entertainers and athletes rely on their talents that not everyone has and so I agree with that they deserve their high salaries. Not only are they talented, but also they have often spent most of their lives preparing for their roles. For example, athletes train their sport skills and keep fit. Entertainers must constantly train their voices, acting technique or musical talent. Their dedication also helps many other people around them make money. Their name sells ticket in places they perform, products they sell and endorse. After all, they risk injuries such as loss of voice of damage to their bodies that shorten careers. Since their talent contributes to economic success of so many businesses, I do not believe their high salaries are out of line.
问题 人们对动物园用途有不同看法,有的人觉得动物园没有什么实用价值。
Agree:
- Expensive facility
- Unnatural for animals
- Weaken animals
Disagree:
- educates
- protects animals
- entertains
Topic sentence
- I disagree with the notion of zoos not serving a useful purpose.
Supporting sentences
- They serve very important functions in educating people about animals
- Zoos protect and take care of animals
- Zoos are fun for families to visit together.
Closing sentence (optional)
- In conclusion, zoos protect animals and provide an opportunity to educate and entertain the public.
I disagree with the notion of zoos not serving a useful purpose. In fact, they serve very important functions in educating people about animals they might never see otherwise. As most people live in cities, this is the only way to see and learn about animals. Some animals, such as pandas and certain monkeys, are endangered species. In the zoo trained zookeepers take care of them. While they live safely and breed, scientist can study them and find solutions to problem in the animals’ natural environment. Additionally, zoos are fun for families to visit together. In conclusion, zoos protect animals and provide an opportunity to educate and entertain the public.
Agree:
- high earners praised
- provides security
- makes dreams happen
Disagree:
- effort counts
- accomplishment are key
- full life is success
Topic sentence
- I disagree with the statement that a person’s success in life can only be measured by money.
Supporting sentences
- Although as a society we often judge people by their professions and how much money they earn, it does not cover the whole story of success
- Fulfilling a dream can also be called success
Closing sentence (optional)
- Most of all, we can measure a person’s success by the healthy relationships they form with family and friends and by their satisfaction in the work that supports their daily needs.
I disagree with the statement that a person’s success in life can only be measured by money. Although as a society we often judge people by their professions and how much money they earn, it does not cover the whole story of success. For example, someone who works hard to open a business is more successful than one who simply inherits it from a successful parent. Furthermore, fulfilling a dream of starting a business, singing in a choir or traveling to place one has always hope to see can be called success. Most of all, we can measure a person’s success by the healthy relationships people form with family and friends and by their satisfaction in the work that supports their daily needs.
问题 匆忙下的决定经常是错误的。
Agree:
- Need time to evaluate facts and merit.
- Consider consequences
- Consult others
Disagree:
- first impressions
- quick judgment
- short reaction times
Topic sentence
- Some people believe that decisions made quickly are often wrong, but I disagree with this statement because I have seen situations where they turned out to be right.
Supporting sentences
- First impressions are always right.
- Usually, a quick decision is based on past experience so it can be reliable.
- Quick decisions are critical in situations with little reaction time.
Closing sentence (optional)
- Overall, I maintain that quick decision can be both necessary and right.
Some people believe that decisions made quickly are often wrong, but I disagree with this statement because I have seen situations where they turn out to be very right. For example, I trust my first impressions when I meet people. A few of my very good friends are people that I chose to like immediately upon meeting them. Usually, a quick decision is based on past experience so it can be reliable. Fast thinking helps doctors save lives in the emergency wards and stockbrokers make good deal on the trading floor. Quick decisions are critical in situations with little reaction time such as when we must suddenly make a decision in traffic. Overall, I maintain that quick decision can be both necessary and right.
篇6:口语备考托福口语需要提升能力
备考托福口语需要提升的四方面能力
能力一:推理能力。对于中国考生学英语来说,就是2个文化差别较大的语言碰到了一起,结果完全靠猜肯定是靠不住的。但是有时几个单词并未听明白,整个语段其实可以根据相关语境进行合理的判断推理,得出对方想要表达的含义,这是很可行的。否则交流就容易中断,没有办法进行完全的沟通。
能力二:表达能力。在托福口语考试中,要将题目中的内容表达出来,才能获得高分。因为托福口语的特殊性,平时考生对其的重视程度可以不及,所以练习的相对也较少,如此长久,将会严重拖托福考试成绩的后腿的。所以一到考试的时候,很多考生的表达中大多数按照中文的思路来答题,也就是所谓的中式英文,这样的口语答案很难赢得考官的青睐,自然获得不了太高的分数。
那么考生要如何练习呢?因此考生在平时准备时,最好每天都把3个比较复杂的句子翻译一次,中文翻译成英文。这样的练习,能够有效的帮助大家提高自己的语言能力,而且还能从中体会到中英文之间的差异,选择使用十分地道的英文表述方法。另外,特别提醒要多留意一些生活里的感触,能够给大家的回答增加不少的内容。
能力三:传译能力。很多同学认为,想要学好英语,那么从逻辑和观念上就要抛弃自己母语的思维方式。但此方法是不正确的!衡量口语的关键的标准是传译。若想让口语练习有效果,一定要理解美国人的思维方式以及对于中英文的不同,把握大方向的前提才能够取得有效的进步。所以在托福口语的练习过程中传译的能力也是十分重要的。
能力四:词汇积累能力。在整个托福考试的备考过程中,大家都一直在强调词汇的重要性,特别是一些学术类专业词汇的出现,比如像生物学、医学类等专业词汇,考生一碰到就蒙了。所以考生在备考托福词汇的时候,针对这些专业类词汇要特别注意一些,很多大牛都总结了各科的考试的专业词汇,大家可以集中的去背一背,就算你不会拼写,也要做到“眼熟”、“耳熟”,别使得这样生涩的词汇让你在口语考试里的表现受影响。
托福口语:零基础怎样复习
虽然很多人中国的学生在口语、作文这两个部分上总是显得一筹莫展,但是由于我们是后来者,我们其实也是有自己的优势,就是“后发优势”。那么什么是“后发优势”呢?很简单,比如说有两栋楼,一栋楼1990年盖的,使用的是很传统的水费计量系统,每家采取的是均摊水费的方式,由于每个人都担心吃亏,都无节制的用水,因此水费很高;另一栋楼建于,全都采用最新式的水费计量系统,每家每户单独计费,为了降低支出,因此每家每户都节水,这样每户人家的水费开支少了,同时整个社会也开始节水了。这个20建的楼就是很明显的“后发优势”。
我们既然是0基础开始学习,就可以避过前人很多的错误,少走很多的弯路。在我们以前学习英语的时候,往往只注重记忆以及阅读,根本就不注重说以及写。这是时代的产物,同时也是社会的产物,虽然很多人都知道在学习英语的时候应该注重实际应用的能力,但是无奈条件所限,当我们的老师都不具备这种能力的时候,我们自身又怎能具备这种能力呢?因此,当我们从0开始学英语的时候,我们首先就该注重说与写的能力的培养。
当我们明确了这一点之后,接下来要解决的就是怎样做的问题。当我们准备这两个部分的时候,首先应该审视我们自己所知用的母语——汉语。当我们学习说话的时候,我们都是从牙牙学语起步的。当我们学习写作文的时候都是从“我今天上学了”这样的简单句说起的。因此当我们准备英语的时候,也是如此。我们要注重的是模仿,要做到从简入难的模仿。
当我们说道模仿的时候很显然是需要一套由简入难的教材的。这是很多人都会想到那套经典教材——新概念New concept。新概念确实是一套很好的由简入难的教材。但是很显然《新概念》已经被人太多提起,而且里面的内容稍显僵化。
因此如果除了《新概念》之外,我们最好再针对托福考试增加一些辅助性教材,在口语这个部分,着力推荐VOA与美剧。这里面VOA分为慢速(special)与标准速度(standard)。美剧的话,着力推荐经典的《六人行》,当然我们现在流行的《Lie to me》以及《Big bang theory》也都很好,但是在对于字幕的整理以及分析上面却较之于《六人行》相去甚远。
VOA我们不仅可以用来做听写,其实拿来做口语的模仿材料也是很好的,因为VOA里面绝大多数的播音员都是在美国本土,而且咬字清晰,十分适于模仿。美剧也是类似,由于里面的口语都是最生活化的,而且用词也都很fashion,与托福考试十分的接近,因此也是很适合我们来进行模仿,当然我们既然是0基础开始学习托福,还是要把语音跟单词结合起来,当我们背单词的时候,最好是听着这些单词的朗读来背,千万不要再走以前只记拼写不记读音的老路,切记切记!
当然我们在用这些材料的时候,要做的就是跟读,而且最好能把自己的读音录下来,跟原来的读音进行模仿,只有跟VOA,跟美剧一遍又一遍的比对、矫正,才能让我们的读音不至于“致命”。
至于作文部分,我们听过很多人说,只要把新概念都背下来,那么作文就一定没有问题了。但是很遗憾,这种幻觉性的说法多见于很多培训业的教师吹嘘自己经历所用,而且从来都没有一个人站起来让他履行一下自己的承诺,把任意一篇新概念背一下。为什么说遗憾呢?因为从来没有人揭穿骗局,但是骗局往往是美丽的,就像很少有人看刘谦表演完成之后觉得自己被骗一样,被骗的一瞬间总是幸福的。我们写作文的时候,最好也是像口语一样,首先进行模仿,除了模仿《新概念》之外,我们最好再专门的看一下《Economists》这本杂志,以及托福作文满分范文。
托福口语:如何规划好时间
托福口语考试题型分别是情景题和学术题。最后的5、6道以听力材料为基础,要求考生回答相关问题。首先,考生掌控时间能力的强弱对这个部分成绩的高低有着直接影响。前两道题的准备时间为15秒,回答时间是45秒;3、4题的准备时间是30秒,回答时间则是60秒;最后两道题目的准备时间是20秒,回答时间为60秒。大部分考生都反映口语部分的准备时间利用效率低、做答仓促。新托福口语考试时间比较紧张,考生要适度把握:
如第1、2中的题目属于日常话题,这两道题本身难度比较小,所以特别需要注意的就是时间的分配问题,在这45秒钟里,一般用5~6秒完成topic sentence, 接下来的40秒应以每一个detail或者example不超过3~4句话的规律完成该话题,也就是说大致20秒完成一个detail或example的表述。如果考生能在考前进行充分的准备,锻炼自己的口语思维,积累常用的details或examples,考试时就会从容许多。
口语
篇7:托福备考如何有效提升阅读速度
托福备考如何有效提升阅读速度?这2个方法值得一试
1、边读边记
托福阅读文章长但其实结构还是明显的,为了提升答题时间,我们需要在阅读的同时记录下细节和一些需要理解的内容。可一面要读一面又要记好像有点儿困难,还好有发草稿纸……可我们该记录什么呢?
主题段和主题句的关键词
人名、地名和专有名词的位置
举例主体(此处可以在阅读中忽略例子中的具体信息,只记录例子是什么即可)
文中提出的新概念和局部核心概念
重要的逻辑关系
2、缩短审题时间
解决每一道题都包含着审题和解题两个步骤,快速清楚分析问题是高效解题的关键。你可能觉得这部分时间没法省,但事实上托福阅读当中有几类题型其实已经不需要看题干啦。
比如说词汇题、句子简化题,句子插入题和全文总结题。词汇题会在原文中标注出考查的单词或词组,我们考试时无需花太多时间读题,只要知道考查的是什么词,直接回原文阅读或直接对比选项。句子简化题,插入题和全文总结题的题干很长,但固定,也就是说这一题型的题干每次都一样。如果每次花时间阅读,费事又不一定理解正确。所以一定在考前学习时先仔细阅读分析句子简化题的题干,理解出题原则和解题要求,牢记于心,考试的时候就无需再花时间阅读题干,直接分析考查的句子。
对于细节题,推断题和修辞目的题,审题就非常关键,如果审题不清晰,直接看选项对比原文,很容易会答非所问。一方面词汇是基础,掌握了一定量的词汇才能无障碍理解题目,另外要注重题目问的是什么,是what,why,where还是which。与此同时要特别注意题目中的逻辑关系,这不仅帮助我们定位而且帮助我们跟清晰理解题目。
举个例子,tpo1 Timberline Vegetation on Mountains中的第三题:Whichofthe following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the upper and lowertimberlines?
拿到题目后首先看疑问词,问的是which,另外infer出现表示这是一道推断题,这两步骤都可以一扫而过,关键点在about之后,找到要我们推断的点是什么,此题问的是the upper and lower timberlines,and的出现表示是并列结构,也就说下面选项中所推断的信息必须同时符合the upper timberlines 和 the lower timberlines的特征,必须是共同的特征。理解清楚题目后再回原文找the upper timberlines 和 the lower timberlines,找到他们描述的共同点就是答案所在之处了。
托福阅读长难句练习:倒装结构
2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country’s impressive population growth.
(倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)
要理解二战之后中的加拿大,就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
分句1:Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War
分句2:is
分句3:the country’s impressive population growth
分句1,2,3共同构成倒装句,正常的语序应该是3,2,1,即:该句的正常语序是The country’s impressive population growth is basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War.
本句是一个简单句,只不过使用了倒装,谓语动词是is.
托福阅读篇章结构和段落组成规律
1. 学术性文章的篇章结构:
在学术性文章中,一般需要具备三个组成部分:
Topic 话题:即文章的主角是什么。比如讲解某个科学理论、研究某种社会现象,探讨某个历史事件; 在托福文章中,这种导入性信息往往出现在篇首位置。考生可以根据篇首段信息对整篇文章所要讨论的核心内容有所了解;
Aspects 方面:即将篇首的话题延伸拓展为若干个方面进行阐述说明。若话题为某个科学论点,则方面可能分为若干个支持论据; 若话题为某种自然现象,则方面可能分为若干个内外成因; 若话题为某个历史事件,则方面为几段发展时期; 在托福阅读文章中,往往依照各个方面之间的层次关系,将各个方面拆分为若干个独立的自然段落,共同组成行文主体。
Attitude态度:即文章的作者对于所讨论话题持怎样的态度。或是积极肯定,或是消极否定,或是保持中立。在托福阅读文章中,态度往往是被较多的淡化甚至有可能省略不提。Topic话题+ Aspects方面+ Attitude态度,这三要素加起来就是标准学术论文体的“T+A+A篇章结构”。托福文章大都遵循这种结构,考生通过篇首段落信息来把控整个文章话题及大致讨论方向,再抓住文章的各个段落主旨,便可洞悉整个文章脉络和逻辑结构。
2. 学术性文章的段落结构
学术性文章的自然段落,一般需要具备两个组成部分:
Topic Sentence 主旨句:表达段落的主旨,即本段想要表达的核心内容是什么;
Detail 细节:为了详细说明段落中心含义,所罗列的相关支持内容,即本段通过哪些例证来阐明主旨句。
Topic Sentence主旨句+ Detail细节,这两个要素加起来就是标准学术论文体的“TS+D段落结构”。托福文章段落大都遵循这种结构,考生通过段落主旨句就可以把握该段的中心含义。
当考生们了解了这种TAA篇章结构(Topic话题+ Aspects方面+ Attitude态度)和TS+D段落结构(Topic Sentence主旨句+ Detail细节)的行文规律后,对文章框架的把握就会做到心里有数,更有利于提高阅读速度和定位有效信息的准确度。
生命科学类托福阅读官方材料
一、植物学
1 Sample:Opportunity and Competitors
2 TPO 01:Timberline Vegetation on Mountains
3 TPO 05:Minerals and Plants
4 TPO 09:The Arrival of Plant Life in Hawaii
5 TPO 22:Spartina
6 TPO 25:The Evolutionary Origin of Plants
7 TPO 32:Plant Colonization
二、动物学
动物特点
1 OG:Swimming Machines
2 OG:Feeding Habits of East African Herbivores
3 TPO 04:Deer Population of The Puget Sound
4 TPO 13:Biological Clock
5 TPO 15:A Warm-blooded Turtle
6 TPO 17-3:Symbiotic Relationship
7 TPO 32:Distribution of Tropical Bee Colonies
动物变化
1 Sample:Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction
2 TPO 05:The Cambrian Explosion
3 TPO 08:Extinction of The Dinosaurs
4 TPO 15:Mass Extinctions
5 TPO 31-1: Speciation in Geographically Isolated Populations
6 TPO 30-2: The Pace of Evolutionary Change
7 TPO 33: Extinction Episodes of the past
动物行为
1 TPO 02:The Origins of Cetaceans
2 TPO 11:Begging by Nestlings
3 TPO 11:Orientation and Navigation
4 TPO 17:Ani mal Signals in The Rain Forest
5 TPO 30-1 Role of Play in Development
6 TPO 29-2:Competition
7 TPO 28-3:Buck Rubs and Buck Scrapes
8 TPO 27-3:Predator-Prey Cycles
托福阅读答题要注重文章逻辑
1、在读托福阅读文章的第一段时,特别是第一句,往往给我们一个大致的思路,文章的论题是什么,作者想说什么?然后第二段的第一句,然后在想一想作者下面又想讲什么,这一段里有没有什么重要的细节。然后第三段,又讲了什么,这里面的重要细节又是什么。
几段下来,每次读的时候都要来个小小的总结。各个段落的目的是什么,主题又是什么?这样,在脑子里面形成一个作者思路图 ,在脑子里或者在草稿纸上画一个文章的结构思路题。
2、在回答问题前,花几秒钟总结一下文章大意,它的思路和主题。
再次提醒,新托福阅读考察的是你的答题能力而非托福阅读能力。你不必完全掌握整篇文章,了解文章中的每一个细节。相反,你应该只读文章段落的第1句,而快速浏览其余部分。当你“读”完这篇文章时,你就能对文章的结构思路有总体的把握。
3、答题。根据你对托福阅读文章的整体思路来答题。将问题(或选项)定位到文章中具体的某个段落甚至具体的句子。因为你这样做完,你会觉得每一段的思路、脉络都会非常清晰,做题的时候,就可以很快找到出题点,而且对于偏离主题的题一眼就能看出,主题词就会显得格外明显。而实际中每一次的小结只需要几秒钟的一个停顿就可以,大家不妨试试,就会明白了。
在新托福阅读备考中,大家一定要仔细看托福阅读文章,将文章通读,遇到忘了的单词,在重新回来查书上的解释,然后再背。将文章精读,才能攻克托福阅读难关。
篇8:托福口语的有效备考方法
托福口语模板巧准备
针对新托福口语的第一题,准备一些常用的口语段子。例如敬佩的人,喜欢的动物,喜欢的地方,难忘的事,对你最有影响的人……很多段子是可以回答不同的题目的。
例如,题目要你说对你最有影响的人,或让你说你最敬佩的人,就可以使用同一个段子。所以大家可以根据人、事、物、地点等,准备几个属于自己的口语段子,这样在需要时就可得心应手。
针对新托福口语的3-6题,大家可以做出问题的基本框架,利用这个框架来帮住自己理清思路。把听到的内容填进空中,再在相关的地方填上自己的看法,这样答案便可轻松得到了。
模拟练习测水平
在做了上述准备后,你便可以自己实战练习,看看自己的能力了。你可以利用OG和两大模拟考软件kaplan和barron来多加练习。另外到了考前最后一个月,你需要做的就是下载机经和预测,把预测的题目全部做一遍,测一下自己的新托福口语水平。
建议你把预测的题目一个不漏的全部做完,这样不仅可以锻炼口语,增强能力,重要的不会为自己考试时遇到出现过的题目却不会做而留下遗憾。
争分夺秒来应试
口语考试需要你在听到题目的第一刻将该说的准备好,大脑迅速地做出反应,闪现灵感,等到提示音响起时,你就要开始大声响亮的说出你的答案。
它锻炼一个人的口、耳、脑的协调能力,是一个需要争分夺秒的技术活。另外在准备时你也可以在草稿纸上写下准备内容,可以看草稿回答。因此有没有充分的准备也影响着你的发挥。
托福口语范文:如何帮助朋友庆祝成功
题目
One of your good friends has just gotten one achievement he is longing for, and he is about to celebrate it. From your perspective, as his good friend, how would you help your friend celebrate his achievement?
Sample Response
If my good friend has worked hard for an achievement, I think giving him a photo album about the event would be a great way to celebrate.
A photo album is a special gift that marks the occasion. However, it is not something that goes away, such as flowers that die or food that is eaten. Instead, he can keep the book and enjoy the memories of the event.
Plus, a photo album lets him know I recognize the time that he invested. If the pictures include the steps he took to get to his achievement, he will know that I appreciate his effort.
A photo album is therefore a great way to mark the occasion, remember the event, and also show that I understand the things he went through to reach his goal.
篇9:托福口语备考提升水平思路拓展
托福口语备考提升水平思路拓展 用脱口秀节目练口语具体方法在这里
预测脱口秀的话题(Predict the conversation topics)
如果你知道谁会出现在这一期的脱口秀以及为什么这一期邀请他(她)作为嘉宾,那么这时你就可以预测主持人和嘉宾交谈的话题了。上网搜素最近的新闻或是明星的花边新闻,能帮助你猜测可能的话题。
这可以助力你的听力,你可以更好地理解他们的谈话。当你在观看的时候,你可以注意比较实际的谈话内容和你预测的话题是否一致,你猜对了吗?他们实际上聊了什么呢?
暂停并尝试回答开放性问题(Pause and answer open questions)
因为脱口秀是访谈性质的,所以你在观看的时候需要注意主持人的交谈方式,学习他(她)是怎么样与人进行交谈的。在不同话题之间的自然过渡或是怎样回答一个开放性问题都是学习者们需要掌握的技能。为了更好地练习,我们可以在主持人提问完后按暂停键,然后基于你之前的搜素尝试着回答这些问题。
列下对话的提纲并重现对话(Outline the conversations and reenact)
在你观看的时候,你可以记下笔记、罗列出提纲。过后,你可以尝试根据你的笔记,选一个话题来进行对话。没有必要逐字记下,只需根据你的笔记来创建新的对话内容。你可以与你的朋友们一起观看,并尝试着就同一个话题进行对话,或者也可以记下笔记之后再利用笔记进行谈话。这是练习口语以及在采访时掌握话语权主导的好方法。
注意字幕(Watch with subtitles)
当你在观看脱口秀的时候,你可以打开字幕,注意她们说话的内容并尝试跟着说。如果你是在网上看的,当你遇到不理解的地方时你也可以暂停去查找这个词汇的意思。你也可以把你不认识的新词拍下来,这样你过后就可以通过图像记忆法来回忆这个单词。看到对话的语境和情景可以更好地帮助你记住新的单词。
托福(TOEFL)考试口语做笔记技巧
众所周知,为了模拟北美大学课堂的学术气氛和学生在校园生活的方方面面,新托福考试的口语部分首次允许考生做课堂笔记(笔记考完要上交,但笔记不算分)、并要求考生能够发表自己的意见和看法,而且必须具备对教授推荐的参考书写出读书报告、阐明自己观点的能力以及其他处理校园生活中可能遇到的各种情况的能力。本文拟对新托福口语考试(包括独立口语任务和综合口语任务)中如何做笔记的问题做深人地分析和探讨。
Note-taking in the Independent Task
该部分要求考生就某一自己熟悉的话题阐述自己的观点。一类问题是自由回答间题(Free-choice Response),如:If you could have any job in the world, what would it be? Use details to support your. response;另一类是选择类问题(Paired-choice Response),如:Do you like to try new kinds of food or eat the same kind of food all the time? Use details and examples to support your response,准备时间为15秒,回答问题时间为45秒。问题会被朗读出来,且同时出现在屏幕上。考生可以不用理会电脑的朗读,迅速阅读完问题。这样可以争取大概5秒,那么在这大约20秒内,考生可在草稿纸上迅速记下自己所要表达的关键信息。这里记笔记的方法为“TST表格”。TST ( Topic-Supporting ideas--Transitions)意思是考生须在草稿纸上用一到两个词写下欲表达的Topic(主题),Supporting ideas(分论点)和Transitions(信号词)。下面试举一例:
Question:
Where would you want to be professionally in ten years? Use details to support your response.
考生应迅速在纸上写下“own bus...”、“master”、“work com...”、“start”等信息见以下TST( Topic―Supporting ideas―Transitions )表格。
Topic statement: own bus... (I would like to own my own business) Supporting ideas: ( How I will work toward owning my business)
.master (Will get master's in business )
.work com... (Will work in company while planning my business)
.start (Will start my own business when I am ready)
Transitions: 10 next because 3 within 10 y (可用y代替 years)
Sample Answer
In ten years I would like to win an import business of my own. Next year, I will be starting a master's program in business with a specialization in entrepreneurship. I will be getting this degree because I hope to start my own business and make it successful some day. After I finish my master's degree three years from now, I will most likely take a position in another company for a few years to make some money and to spend some time planning my own business. Within ten years, I hope to own my own company and be on the way to making it a success.
再举一例:
Question:
Sometimes students have to write papers. Sometimes they have to give oral presentations. Which activity do you think is better for students, and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.
考生应迅速在纸上写下“pap”、“strong read write exams”、“more time think deeply”等信息。见以下TST( Topic―Supporting ideas―Transitions )表格::
Topic: pap (writing papers is better for students) Supporting ideas: (Why writing papers is better)
.strong read write exams (need strong writing skills for reading and writing and prepare for exams)
.more time think deeply (show understanding for more time to explain and think deeply)
Transitions: firstly because, so also
Sample Answer
I think writing papers is better for students. Firstly we need to develop strong writing skills. We go to school mainly to learn reading and writing, so we need a lot of practice. Examinations require a lot of writing, so writing papers is good reparation. Also, I think writing is a better way to show that I understand. When I write a paper, I can think deeply because I have more time to explain my ideas.
托福考试中经常用到的谚语习语归纳
1. A bosom friend afar brings a distant land near. 海内存知己,天涯若比邻。
2. A common danger causes common action. 同舟共济。
3. A contented mind is a continual / perpetual feast. 知足常乐。
4. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一堑,长一智。
5. A guest should suit the convenience of the host. 客随主便。
6. A letter from home is a priceless treasure. 家书抵万金。
7. All rivers run into the sea. 殊途同归。
8. All time is no time when it is past. 机不可失,时不再来。
9. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一日一个苹果,身体健康不求医。
10. As heroes think, so thought Bruce. 英雄所见略同。
11. A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
12. Behind the mountains there are people to be found. 天外有天,山外有山。
13. Bad luck often brings good luck. 塞翁失马,安知非福。
14. Bread is the stall of life. 面包是生命的支柱。(民以食为天。)
15. Business is business. 公事公办。
16. Clumsy birds have to start flying early. 笨鸟先飞。
17. Courtesy costs nothing. 礼多人不怪。
18. Custom makes all things easy.习惯成自然。
19. Desire has no rest. 人的欲望无止境。
20. Difficult the first time, easy the second. 一回生,二回熟。
21. Do not change horses in mid-stream. 别在河流中间换马。
22. Do not have too many irons in the fire. 贪多嚼不烂。
23. Do not pull all your eggs in one basket. 别把所有的蛋都放在一个篮子里。(不要孤注一掷。)
24. Do not teach fish to swim. 不要班门弄斧。
25. East or west, home is the best. 东奔西跑,还是家里好。
26. Experience is the best teacher. 实践出真知。
27. Fact is stranger than fiction. 事实比虚构更离奇。(大千世界,无奇不有。)
28. Faith can move mountains. 信念能移山。(精诚所至,金石为开。)
29. First impressions are half the battle. 先入为主。
30. Give as good as one gets. 一报还一报。(以德报德,以怨还怨。)
31. Give everyone his due. 一视同仁。
32. Good wine needs no bush. 酒香不怕巷子深。
33. Haste makes waste. 欲速则不达。(忙中常出错。)
34. He that promises too much means nothing. 轻诺者寡信。
35. He who has an art has everywhere a part. 一招鲜,吃遍天。
36. He would climb the ladder must begin at the bottom. 千里之行始于足下。
37. Home is where the heart is. 心在哪里,哪里就是家。
38. If you are not inside a house, you don not know about its leaking. 不在屋里,不知漏雨。(亲身经历才有体会。)
39. In peace prepare for war.平时准备战时。(居安思危。)
40. It is never too late to mend. 亡羊补牢,犹未为晚。
《托福》口语考试常考题目归纳
第一类托福口语task 1考题:
Describe the famous person you admire most. Explain why you admire this person. Include details and examples to support your response. (TOFEL ibt 08.06.22) 这是一个people类的考题,我们拿到一个题目后,脑海中应该立刻浮现出最基本的答题框架: topic sentence + supporting ideas. Topic sentence是比较容易想的,甚至是可以虚构的,所以问题就落在supporting ideas的思路上。描述一个人,最容易的角度便是这个人内在的qualities. 如:humorous, open-minded, easy-going, warm-hearted, community-minded, high driven, visionary, knowledgeable… 有了这些点之后,我们要想办法把点变成线,也就是把一个观点扩充成一到两个句子。我们可以用描述的方法去讲这个观点同意转换,如‘he’s a very open-minded person and he’s always flexible to changes. 同时我们还可以用举例的方法来进行扩展,如 ‘He’s a high-driven guy and he worked so hard on his Toefl test, study almost 24/7.’
第二类托福口语task 1考题:
Choose an object you like and explain why it is of special value to you. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation. (TOFEL ibt 08.02.24),这道题属于物品题,物品的题目也是一个常考点,但是准备的面比较广,可能会出成:a type of pet (Longman p.52),a kind of game (Longman p.72),your important gift (Longman p.64),咱们可以从两个角度去答题:对物品本身的简单描述 + 物品的来源或是重要意义,如描述宠物可以说: ‘ coz he keeps me company, when I was sad, he was always by my side.’ 又如描述礼物可以说: ‘ The psp was a gift from my Grandpa, it was a credit to my hard work on the SAT test.’
第三类托福口语task 1考题:
If you could live abroad, where would you go? Explain why you would go there. (Longman p.42)。 地方题目也是常考题型,变换方式相对较少,比如有:the city you live (Longman p.31),a city you have always wanted to go (TOFEL ibt 08.02.02),your favorite place when you were a child (TOFEL ibt 08.03.08)等等。地点题的答题思路为:景色,饮食,高雅休闲场所,教育,就业机会。如果说美国,景色可以描述national park, the beauty of nature well preserved, 饮食可以说dessert, I’ve got a sweet tooth, 如说高雅休闲场所,可以说Broadway, or NBA games,教育可以谈美国的大学,就业机会可以谈美国的500 fortunes. 再比如如果讲苏州,景色可以说gardens,well preserved ancient building, 就业机会可以讲讲苏州工业园,SIP,provides a lot of job and internship opportunities for graduates…
第四类托福口语task 1考题:
来看一个例题:What is the most memorable event you experienced in your life? Explain why it is memorable. (Longman p.50),类似的事件题的关键形容词可以换为:embarrassing (Longman p.70), challenging (TOFEL ibt 07.03.03),disappointing (TOFEL ibt 08.03.30),hard (TOFEL ibt 08.06.17)等等。较难的题可以出成:Describe a time when you needed help from others, how he or she helped you and what was the result? Please include details and examples to support your answer. (TOFEL ibt 07.04.29),这类题目跟个人亲身经历有关,考场上容易一时没有思路,也很难去杜撰,所以应在考前多去回忆童年往事,同时尝试着用英文表达出来,假如实在无法勾起美好的回忆,那就去杜撰吧, 注意是考前练习时杜撰,千万别到了考场上再去杜撰。
以上四类是托福口语task 1考察频率最高的四大类,还有一些话题是托福口语task 1会涉及到的,如工作职业类(这类主要是关于人生的目标,职业的选择,工作的兴趣等等),学校教育类,new skill you would like to learn (TOFEL ibt 08.01.19),文化娱乐类,这类题目涉及到文化、艺术、娱乐等生活中常见的题材。比如:a book that you want to read again (Longman p.58),an important composition, example: essay, poem, letter (TOFEL ibt 08.05.17),a TV program that you really like to watch (Longman p.54),a type of music you like most (Longman p.56)等等,需要考生在考前花大量的时间去整理思路,只有做到有备无患,在能在考场上胸有成竹,口若悬河。
《托福》考试口语复习指导
新托福的口语考试部分的第三题和第四题要求考生首先在45秒钟内读完100字左右长度的单一段落,今天我们讨论一下如何掌握新托福口语考试中的阅读节奏。
我们有时会担心,阅读速度的加快会影响阅读理解的准确率,其实这是一种误解。当然,盲目追求阅读速度必然要影响阅读理解的质量。我们应该做的是掌握正确的阅读节奏:“根据快和慢两种速度交替而成的节奏来变化自己的阅读速度。” 唱歌因韵律节奏而动听,说话因轻重缓急而悦耳,阅读也是一样,快慢相间的阅读速度才能收到良好的阅读效果。
我们知道,句子是由词组成的,但同一句中的各个词的分量不尽相同,有的起着关键的作用;段落是由句子构成的,然而同一段落中的各个句子的分量也是不尽相同的,有的是关键句、核心句,有的则起着辅助说明的作用,为阐述中心思想而服务。这些关键词、关键句表达的正是段落的重要信息,抓住了它们就等于抓住了段落的核心,就知道了什么地方应该加快速度,什么地方应该放慢速度,当然也就掌握了阅读节奏。
一般而言,对于关键词和关键句应该慢读,做到充分理解,牢牢把握;而对非关键词和非关键句应加快阅读速度,抢出时间,用以反复阅读重点句或归纳总结。请看下面的示例:
例1:阅读下面的段落:
A lot of people think that cultural anthropology is just about studying the special and strange aspects of a society, but anthropologists are also interested in the aspects of life that seems so ordinary that the people in the society think they are not significant.
阅读此句,我们不难找到一些关键词,如:cultural anthropology, the special and strange aspects of life, but, anthropologists, interested, ordinary, significant。这些关键词反映了此句的主要信息:“许多人认为文化人类学就是研究特殊而奇怪的社会现象,但人类学家有时还对一些人们认为不重要的、看起来很普通的生活现象感兴趣。”通过分析关键词,我们又发现“but”这个具有转折意义的连接词向我们显示了此句的后半句才是整个句子的核心部分,它提示我们阅读时应更加留心阅读后半句的关键词,提炼关键信息。因此,我们可以很肯定地确认此句最重要的意义应该是: “Anthropologists are also interested in the aspects of life so ordinary that people don’t think they are significant.” 并且也可以很肯定地预测,如有下文,也一定是就后半句所反映的核心信息继续论述,而不是前半句的。这样,在阅读时,我们就会把目光把注意力更加有目的地集中在后半句的关键词上,而对那些附加修饰、说明的部分,如:修饰people的a lot of 、in the society就可以快速阅读,甚至略去不读,因为它不影响我们对中心意思的理解与把握。
例2:阅读下面的段落:
Smell and Memory
Scientists are producing an increasing number of findings on the links between smell and memory. The most prominent scientist in this field is Dr. Alan Hirsch, a US neurologist who specializes in the treatment of patients who have lost their sense of smell or taste. He believes that the memories that certain smells bring back to people are not actually as important as the emotions that are associated with the smells. He also argues that our minds filter these emotions in a positive way, making past times seem better than they perhaps were.
我们注意到这个段落的题目是“Smell and Memory”,我们还知道题目是中心思想的反映。据此,我们可以得知本段主要论述的应是 smell and memory之间的联系,由此找到了关键词语“the links between smell and memory”(在段首),而能说明它们之间关系的句子又是最后一句。所以,这个段落的核心信息是: “Some smells remind us of a previous thing in a way that is better than the real experience.” 由此判定,本段的首尾都需细心地、稍慢地阅读,而对“最著名的;专门治疗何种病人的”这样相对次要的句子就可以加快阅读速度
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