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GRE阅读解题的排除法

时间：2024-01-12 08:11:06 其他范文收藏本文下载本文

GRE阅读解题的排除法（共8篇）由网友“sh3831”投稿提供，以下是小编为大家准备的GRE阅读解题的排除法，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

GRE阅读解题的排除法

篇1：GRE阅读解题的排除法

GRE阅读：解题的排除法

1. 精确定位排除法

如果前两种方法均不可以使用的话，我们就只能将选项精确的在文中定位，找出选项和阅读文章中的对应关系，注意选项中的同义代换与原文是否对应。有时会出现这样的情况，选项中有四个是和题目的关键词定位在一个段内的，但其中一个选项却定位在了另一个段落内，那么这个选项就是答案。

注意：正确答案一般是作者在文中明确反对过的，或者是根本未提到，再或者就是定位的段落未提到的(选项的关键词落在别的段落)说法。

2.强对比排除法：

如果题目中是关于A的提问，但是原文中没有直接给出与A相关的描述。不过，文中出现了与B相关的特征描述，而B呢正好是与A形成强烈对比的对象。那么我们只需要把B的特征取非就可以得到答案了。一般文章中会出现unlike，in contrast to, compared with,阅读的过程中遇到该类别的关键词注意要做笔记。

3.无关信息排除法:

如果某一个选项和文章大意没有关系或者根本没有提到过，那么它一定就是正确答案了。因此，在阅读的过程中要留意文章每段的中心意思，理出文章的写作思路，以此来作为细节判断的依据。

GRE阅读文章如何复习

宏观中的“必读”与“不读”

所谓宏观，即使明确文章结构。再清楚一点说，即使我们要知道主题句的所在位置以及每段大意。

让我们今天来了解一下什么是主题句，的阅读文章中主题句通常会以什么形式出现。和中国考生自己写作文不一样的是，美国人的阅读文章中从来都不出现“I think that, in my opinion, as far as I am considered”此类语言做主题句。通常来说美国人的主题句有两种形式：

主题句两种形式：

1. 判断句(含情态动词，系动词，正负褒贬词的句子);

2. 概括文章将来结构。

比如一个句子：Your minds changed my attitude. 这句话中并没有情态动词和系动词，因此这句话自然不是判断句，也就不是主题句。但只要在这句话中加入一个正负褒贬词，即一个词表明作者的态度或观点的词即是判断句了。

比如，Your minds successfully changed my attitude即是判断句了。另外，如果一个句子不是判断句，只要它能够概括文章将来结构，及文章后面会从哪几个方面来说明，也是主题句。

比如，People are living longer now. 这句话一定不是主题句，而如果这句话是，People are living longer now since the improvement of food condition and the development of medical technoly.这句话即是主题句了。因为它概括了文章后面会从哪几个方向来进行说明。

掌握好了主题句判断方法，很多文章学生便可以很快把握文章的结构框架，帮助后面文章的理解。比如一篇文章的开头是，Mycorrhizal fungi infect more plants than do any other fungi and are necessary for many plants to thrive, but they have escaped widespread investigation until recently for two reasons. First, the symbiotic association is so well-balanced that the roots of host plants show no damage even when densely infected. Second, the fungi cannot as yet be cultivated in the absence of a living root. 第一句是明显的判断句，即为主题句。

而主题句也同时概括了文章的将来结构，即会从“M真菌影响力很强”和“M真菌过去由于两个原因没有得到广泛研究”。

下面马上看到了first和second，我们即知道这两个很难读懂的句子无非是两个原因使得M真菌没有得到广泛研究而已，具体是哪两个原因，我们几乎可以忽略不读。

微观中的“必读”与“不读”

所谓微观，即使明确句子结构。再清楚一点说，即使我们要知道句子主干大意及和上下文的关系。

说到可以不读的内容，很多同学都会想到插入语可以不用读。可什么是插入语呢?两个逗号之间的内容一定是插入语吗?今天，让我们重点来了解一下插入语。首先，我们知道并不是两个逗号之间的内容一定是插入语，很多同学会被传统的老师所误导，误认为判断插入语只要看是不是逗号间内容在解释逗号前内容即可，可是如果插入语不读的话，你有时如何知道这是对逗号前内容的解释呢?其实，插入语有两种形式：

插入语两种形式：

1. 对主语说明

________,which / who / n. / prep. / -ing / -ed……,________.

2. 对主语举例

________,such as / especially……,________.

因此，我们只要看到第一个逗号之后紧跟着which / who / 介词 / 动名词 / 动词的过去分词 / such as / especially 的情况或两个逗号间仅有纯粹的名词时，那这从第一个逗号开始到后面最临近的标点符号(逗号或句号)间内容一定是插入语，往往可忽略不读。而我们唯一重点需要读的只有句子的“主、谓、宾。”

准备复习时的“读”与“不读”

很多同学都会痛苦，复习阅读进步不大，甚至有的时候反而比开始时错的还多。我认为，这主要是学生的复习方法不得当导致的。很多同学在复习准备阅读时，通常会一天一篇文章的做题，这不仅不能帮助你归纳掌握GRE阅读技巧，相反是在浪费时间。

最好的复习阅读的方式是开始并不直接读文章做题，在已经掌握了一定量的单词，并强化训练了长难句的基础后，保证集中突破强化复习。即，每天精读6-8篇文章，大概持续2周左右。所谓精读即清楚了解文章中微观的每一句话的意思及在全文中作用，以及完全明白每一个选项。这样有助于帮助学生总结归纳文章和出题规律。

GRE阅读文章练习：英国女演员的地位

In the past, only men could become actors in some societies. In the ancient Greece and Rome and the medieval world, it was considered disgraceful for a woman to go on the stage, and this belief persisted until the 17th century, when in Venice it was broken. In the time of William Shakespeare, women's roles were generally played by men or boys.

When an eighteen-year Puritan prohibition of drama was lifted after the English Restoration of 1660, women began to appear on stage in England. Margaret Hughes is credited by some as the first professional actress on the English stage. This prohibition ended during the reign of Charles II in part due to the fact that he enjoyed watching actresses on stage. The first occurrence of the term actress was in 1700 according to the OED and is ascribed to Dryden.

In Japan, men (onnagata) took over the female roles in kabuki theatre when women were banned from performing on stage during the Edo period. This convention has continued to the present. However, some forms of Chinese drama have women playing all the roles.

In modern times, women sometimes play the roles of prepubescent boys. The stage role of Peter Pan, for example, is traditionally played by a woman, as are most principal boys in Britishpantomime. Opera has several “breeches roles” traditionally sung by women, usually mezzo-sopranos. Examples are Hansel in H?nsel und Gretel, Cherubino in The Marriage of Figaro and Octavian in Der Rosenkavalier.

Women in male roles are uncommon in film with the notable exceptions of the films The Year of Living Dangerously and I'm Not There. In the former film Linda Hunt played the pivotal role of Billy Kwan, for which she received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. In the latter film Cate Blanchett portrayed Jude Quinn, a representation of Bob Dylan in the sixties, for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Women playing men in live theatre is particularly common in presentations of older plays, such as those of Shakespeare, that have large numbers of male characters in roles where the gender no longer matters in modern times.

Having an actor dress as the opposite sex for comic effect is also a long-standing tradition in comic theatre and film. Most of Shakespeare's comedies include instances of overt cross-dressing, such as Francis Flute in A Midsummer Night's Dream. The movie A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum stars Jack Gilford dressing as a young bride. Tony Curtisand Jack Lemmon famously posed as women to escape gangsters in the Billy Wilder film Some Like It Hot. Cross-dressing for comic effect was a frequently used device in most of the thirty Carry On films. Dustin Hoffman and Robin Williams have each appeared in a hit comedy film (Tootsie and Mrs. Doubtfire, respectively) in which they played most scenes dressed as a woman.

Occasionally, the issue is further complicated, for example, by a woman playing a woman acting as a man pretending to be a woman, like Julie Andrews in Victor/Victoria, or Gwyneth Paltrow in Shakespeare in Love. In It's Pat: The Movie, film watchers never learn the gender of the andrynous main characters Pat and Chris (played by Julia Sweeney and Dave Foley). A few roles in modern films, plays and musicals are played by a member of the opposite sex (rather than a character cross-dressing), such as the character Edna Turnblad in Hairspray—played by Divine in the original film, Harvey Fierstein in the Broadway musical, and John Travolta in the movie musical. Linda Hunt won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for playing Billy Kwan in The Year of Living Dangerously. Felicity Huffman was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for playing Bree Osbourne (a male-to-female transsexual) in Transamerica.

篇2：GRE阅读解题常用排除法用法注意事项

GRE阅读解题3种常用排除法用法注意事项讲解

GRE阅读3大排除法解题思路分析

1.无关信息排除法

如果能够将题目定位到某一段，那么就可以用该段的TS来进行排除，和TS无关的就是正确选项。

2.强对比排除法

如果题目中是关于A的提问，但是原文中没有直接给出与A相关的描述。不过，文中出现了与B相关的特征描述，而B呢正好是与A形成强烈对比的对象。那么我们只需要把B的特征取非就可以得到答案了。一般文章中会出现如：unlike,compared with,阅读的过程中遇到该类别的关键词注意要做笔记。

3. 精确定位排除法

注意：正确答案一般是作者在文中明确反对过的，或者是根本未提到，再或者就是定位的段落未提到的(选项的关键词落在别的段落)说法。

GRE阅读：长难句分析

This preference for exogamy，Gutman suggests， may have derived from West African rules governing marriage，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin. (3+)

难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语

译文：古特曼表示，这种对于外部通婚的偏爱很有可能缘起于西部非洲制约着婚姻的规定，尽管这些规定在一个和另一个部落群体之间不尽相同，但都涉及到某种对近亲联姻(union with close kin)的禁止。

解释：本句有两个插入语，第一个插入语Gutman suggests割裂了主句的主语和谓语。West African rules后跟着两个修饰成分，第一个是分词修饰(governing marriage), 第二个是以which引导的非限定性定语从句，从句中出现了第二个插入语though they differed from one tribal group to another，又割裂了从句引导词与谓语之间的联系。

意群训练：This preference for exogamy，Gutman suggests， may have derived from West African rules governing marriage，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.

His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States，but his definition of racial prejudice as “racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition，” can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe. (4+)

难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、抽象词

译文：该社会学家的命题当被应用于针对美国黑人的歧视时，相对而言尚能适用，但他对种族偏见所下的定义——即“以种族为基础的、针对某个群体的消级的先入之见，而该群体在任何特定的种族竞争地区则被普遍认作一种族”——可被理解成同样也襄括了针对加利福尼亚州的中国人以及中世纪的犹太人这样一些种族群体的敌视态度。

解释：本句长度惊人，插入部分比较长，再加上不乏抽象词，所以较为难懂，在表示转折的后半个分钟中，长长的插入语as raciallybased negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of thnic competition作为主语his definition of racial prejudice的同位语，使分句中的主谓相隔千山万水。除此之外，本句用词抽象，语义难以理解，对读者的词汇功底要求较高。考试现场如无法读懂，宜用合理化原则中的取非读法，but之前的分句说的是其论点对美国黑人的种族歧视是较为管用，转折后的内容就应该说其理论对华人和犹太人相对无用。

意群训练：His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States，but his definition of racial prejudice as “racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition，”can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.

GRE阅读：长难句分析

Such variations in size， shape，chemistry， conduction speed， excitation threshold，and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any possible correlation with the manifold dimensions of mental experience.(5)

难免类型：复杂修饰

译文：类似于这些已经被在神经细胞中证明的在大小、形状、化学过程、产生的速度、兴奋阈值及其类似的方面上所发生变化，当他们被用来与大脑的体验以可能的方式联系起来的时候，他们在重要性上仍然是微不足道的。

解释：即使是初练难免的人其实也很熟悉such thing as something这样的语言方式，可是当中间的小东西thing居然变成了一个长达十二个单词的大东西的时候，实在令人搞不清后面的as及其后的something 到底为哪方神圣。再加上以such as 为中心的长主语距离系动词remain太远，更增加了本句的难度。请读者反复阅读，直到读出这样的感觉：顺序阅读原文时，原文似乎就是几大块，就好像是such things as a remain negligible in a certain sense.

It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types ; however , proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences , which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits .(5)

有可能通过其他方法来证明神经元种类间的细微的结构差异;可是，这样的证据是缺乏的，即神经冲动的性质或者状态是受这些差异所影响的，而这些差异看起来却能影响神经网络的发育模式。

难免类型：复杂修饰、倒装

解释：与很多人的印象相反，lack从来就不能作形容词，它只有动词或名词的词性。其形容词的形式是lacking,意思是缺乏的、不足的。

本句的在however 之前和之后的两个分句，是两个倒装结构，前一个是小倒装，正常语序是：to demonstrate refined structural differences among neuron types by other methods: however后面是个大倒装，lacking之后的that引导的同位语人名是修饰主语proof的，但是因为它太长，所以为了避免头重脚轻，被放到lacking之后，正常的语序应该是proof that the quality of ..was lacking

篇3：GRE阅读解题先审题再考虑排除法

GRE阅读解题先审题再考虑排除法

GRE阅读盲目使用排除法错误率更高

用简单粗暴的排除法直接找选项和原文的对应关系，而完全不顾题干所问究竟是什么，也是很多同学在做GRE阅读题时正确率始终难以提高的主要原因。很多同学习惯了以往在中考、高考甚至是托福做题所用的找选项和原文的意思对应这种做题方法，并带到了GRE做题过程中来。对于某些细节题，这种方法也许是适用的，但是对文章的主旨、结构这一类和宏观方面有关的题型却并没有对症下药。而哪怕是在细节题里，也存在着不同题型提问方式上的差异，直接导致了做题过程中的做题方法和挑选项的标准有很大的不同。

GRE阅读实例讲解审题重要性和技巧乱用危害

例1：The author of the passage mentions which of the following as an advantage of high-technology development?

例2：The passage suggests which of the following about the majority of United States manufacturing industries before the high-technology development era of the 1980s?

例3：The author mentions the behavior of the circulatory system of sea snakes when they are removed from the ocean primarily in order to

解题思路分析

如果单看这几个问题，大家能不能看出题干所问内容的区别?或者能否看出每一个问题潜在的正确答案应该是什么样子?如果深入分析一下，不难发现例1问的是文章提到了什么，所以正确答案一定是文章提到过的内容，而且一定是原文原句表达过的意思，所以正确答案一定是与原文中句子相同意思，只不过换了一种表达方式的选项。

例2问的是文章暗示了什么，那么正确选项一定也会和原文有关，但意思一定不会和原文完全相同，而是原文信息的合理延伸。

例3看似和例1很像，都用了“mention”这个词，但是看到最后的“in order to”的话可以发现题目所问的其实是文章之所以提到这句话是为了干什么。因此，这种题干本质上是问句子作用，最后回答问题的正确选项一定不会是这句话本身，而是句子背后的目的。

从上述这三个例子中，相信大家大家不难看出，以往在其他英语考试中无往不利的排除法，其实面对GRE阅读并不是那么好用。而盲目使用排除法强行解答，只会造成各种问题，反而增加了错误的发生。因此，只有对症下药，根据不同的题目具体问题具体分析，重视文章框架和整体结构，才是确保GRE阅读高分的关键要点。

综上所述，GRE阅读在解题过程中，也许某些题目可以通过排除法等取巧方式来快速解决，但从整体而言，一味依赖这些技巧，其实绝非良策。小编希望大家能够正确认识解题技巧，谨慎选择最合适的GRE阅读解题方法。

GRE阅读练习每日一篇

Four legal approaches may be followed in attempting to channel technological development in socially useful direction: specific directives, market incentive modifications, criminal prohibitions, and changes in decision-making structures. Specific directives involve the government’s identifying one or more factors controlling research, development, or implementation of a given technology. Directives affecting such factors may vary from administrative regulation of private activity to government ownership of a technological operation. Market incentive modifications are deliberate alterations of the market within which private decisions regarding the development and implementation of technology are made. Such modifications may consist of imposing taxes to cover the costs to society of a given technology, granting subsidies to pay for social benefits of a technology, creating the right to sue to prevent certain technological development, or easing procedural rules to enable the recovery of damages to compensate for harm caused by destructive technological activity. Criminal prohibitions may modify technological activity in areas impinging on fundamental social values, or they may modify human behavior likely to result from technological applications—for example, the deactivation of automotive pollution control devices in order to improve vehicle performance. Alteration of decision-making structures includes all possible modifications in the authority, constitution, or responsibility of private and public entities deciding questions of technological development and implementation. Such alterations include the addition of public-interest members to corporate boards, the imposition by statute of duties on governmental decision-makers, and the extension of warranties in response to consumer action.

Effective use of these methods to control technology depends on whether or not the goal of regulation is the optimal allocation of resources. When the object is optimal resource allocation, that combination of legal methods should be used that most nearly yields the allocation that would exist if there were no external costs resulting from allocating resources through market activity. There are external costs when the price set by buyers and sellers of goods fails to include some costs, to anyone, that result from the production and use of the goods. Such costs are internalized when buyers pay them.

Air pollution from motor vehicles imposes external costs on all those exposed to it, in the form of soiling, materials damage, and disease: these externalities result from failure to place a price on air, thus making it a free good, common to all. Such externalities lead to nonoptimal resource allocation, because the private net product and the social net product of market activity are not often identical. If all externalities were internalized, transactions would occur until bargaining could no longer improve the situation, thus giving an optimal allocation of resources at a given time.

17. The passage is primarily concerned with describing

(A) objectives and legal method for directing technological development

(B) technical approaches to the problem of controlling market activity

(D) reasons for slowing the technological development in light of environmentalist objections

(E) technological innovations making it possible to achieve optimum allocation of resources

18. The author cites air pollution from motor vehicles in lines 54-56 in order to

(A) revise cost estimates calculated by including the costs of resources

(B) evaluate legal methods used to prevent technological developments

(D) refute hypotheses not made on the basis of monetary exchange values

(E) commend technological research undertaken for the common welfare

19. According to the passage, transactions between private buyers and sellers have effects on society that generally

(A) are harmful when all factors are considered

(B) give rise to ever-increasing resource costs

(D) encompass more than the effects on the buyers and sellers alone

(E) are guided by legal controls on the development of technology

20. It can be inferred from the passage that the author does NOT favor which of the following?

(A) Protecting the environment for future use

(B) Changing the balance of power between opposing interests in business

(D) Making prices reflect costs to everyone in society

(E) Causing technological development to cease

21. A gasoline-conservation tax on the purchase of large automobiles, with the proceeds of the tax rebated to purchasers of small automobiles, is an example of

(A) a specific directive

(B) a market incentive modification

(D) an alteration of a decision-making structure

(E) an external cost

22. If there were no external costs, as they are described in the passage, which of the following would be true?

(A) All technology-control methods would be effective.

(B) Some resource allocations would be illegal.

(D) Some decision-making structures would be altered.

(E) The availability of common goods would increase.

23. The author assumes that, in determining what would be an optimal allocation of resources, it would be possible to

(A) assign monetary value to all damage resulting from the use of technology

(B) combine legal methods to yield the theoretical optimum

(D) predict the costs of new technological developments

(E) derive an equation making costs depend on prices

24. On the basis of the passage, it can be inferred that the author would agree with which of the following statements concerning technological development?

(A) The government should own technological operations.

(B) The effect of technological development cannot be controlled.

(D) The current state of technological development results in a good allocation of resources.

(E) Applications of technological developments are criminally destructive.

The whole biosphere, like the individual organisms that live inside it, exists in a chemically dynamic state (dynamic state: 动态). In this homeostatic system, a great number of organic compounds are synthesized, transformed, and decomposed continuously; together, these processes constitute the major parts of the carbon cycle. For the smooth operation of this cycle, degradation is just as important as synthesis: the green plants produce great quantities of polymers, such as cellulose, and innumerable other compounds like alkaloids, terpenes, and flavonoids, that green plants cannot use as sources of energy during respiration. The release of the carbon in these compounds for recycling depends almost entirely on the action of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and certain types of fungi. Some bacteria and fungi possess the unique and extremely important biochemical asset of being able to catalyze the oxidation of numerous inert products, thereby initiating reaction sequences that produce carbon dioxide and so return much carbon to a form that actively enters into life cycles once again.

25. The passage contains information that would answer which of the following questions about the carbon cycle?

I. What are some of the compounds that are broken down in the carbon cycle?

II. Why are some compounds that are involved in the carbon cycle less reactive than others?

III. What role do bacteria and fungi play in the carbon cycle?

(A) I only

(B) II only

(D) I and II only

(E) I and III only

26. The author implies that which of the following is the primary reason that degradation is as important as synthesis to the smooth operation of the carbon cycle?

(A) Most of the polymers and organic compounds found in the plant kingdom are chemically unstable.

(B) The synthesis of some organic material deprives life processes of an energy source.

(D) Many organisms cannot use plants as a source of food, but can feed on bacteria and fungi.

(E) Bacteria and fungi could not survive if some carbon compounds were not degraded.

27. The author’s contention about the importance of bacteria and fungi in the production of energy for life processes would be most clearly strengthened if which of the following were found to be true?

(A) Both aerobes and anaerobes provide sources of energy through the decomposition of organic material.

(B) Most compounds containing carbon are unavailable as energy sources except to some bacteria and fungi.

(D) Many compounds remain inert, even in the presence of bacteria and fungi.

(E) Bacteria and fungi assist in the synthesis of many organic compounds.

答案：17-27：ACDEBCACECB

GRE阅读长难句中译英练习

26. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process...The designer and the inventor.., are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist”.

27. Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea”.

28. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programs and, tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise.

29. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: “This book stands for reason itself.” And so it does-and all wound be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.

30. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

26.[参考译文]正如尤金·弗格森所指出的那样：“一个技术专家思考那些不能被简化成能被清楚的语言描述的东西。这些东西在他的思维中是通过一种视觉的、非语言表述的过程宋处理的……设计者和发明者……能够在他们的脑中装配并操作那些还不存在的装置。”

27.[参考译文]罗伯特·法欧特曾经这样写到：“一个技师会坐在杠杆、螺丝钉、楔子、轮子等等当中，就像一个诗人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把这些字母看成自己思想的展示，在这样的展示中，每种新的次序安排都传达了--种新的思想。”

28.[参考译文]在最后三章中，他脱下手套，将神造论者好好地揍了一顿。他描述了他们的活动和战术，而且，对于那些对神造论者的做事方式刁;熟悉的人来说，神造论者的欺骗和扭曲事实的程度可能会令这些人有一种不快的诧异。

29.[参考译文]在这本杰出的书的外纸封面上，史蒂芬·杰伊·古尔德写道：“这本书本身就代表理性。”而它确实是这样的--而且如果理性成为神造论/地化论之间的辩论中的惟一评判标准的话，一切就都好办了。

30.[参考译文] 经过了六个月的争论以及最后16个小时激烈的议会辩论，澳大利亚北部地区成了世界上第一个允许医生终止希望死去的绝症病人生命的立法当局。

篇4：GRE阅读高分解题思路排除法运用技巧实例讲解

GRE阅读排除法是什么?

1. 精确定位排除法

注意：正确答案一般是作者在文中明确反对过的，或者是根本未提到，再或者就是定位的段落未提到的(选项的关键词落在别的段落)说法。

2.强对比排除法

3.无关信息排除法

如果能够将题目定位到某一段，那么就可以用该段的TS(Topic Sentence 主题句)来进行排除，和TS无关的就是正确选项。

篇5：GRE阅读高分解题思路排除法运用技巧实例讲解

下面是GRE阅读题目中的一道长阅读，我把它的第一段截取了出来：

In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a GREat deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods. Although much has been (5) accomplished for the modern period, premodern cultures have proved more difficult: sources are restricted in eg. number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and often contradictory. Thus it is not particularly surprising that some earlier scholarship concerning such cultures (10) has so far gone unchallenged. An example is Johann Bachofen’s 1861 treatise on Amazons, women-ruled societies of questionable existence contemporary with ancient GREece.

1.识别重要信息，做标记

在读的过程中我们注意到上文阴影部分出现了典型的并列成分(标志：冒号，“A, B and C结构”)，读到后马上做记号(比如，我在文章右侧，标上了eg)。

中文翻译：

在很大程度上，由于女权主义运动(feminist movement)的缘故，史学家近年来汇聚了大量的注意力，来更为准确地确定妇女在各个历史时期的地位。虽然对现当代的研究成就斐然，但古代文化的研究要证明更为困难：资料来源数量有限，支离破碎，难于解释，且经常互相矛盾。因此，人们并不特别惊讶地发现，有关这些古代文化的早期学术研究迄今为止听凭其流传下来，而未遭到质疑。其中一个实例就是约翰?巴霍芬(Johann Bachofen)1861年论述亚马孙人(Amazons)的论文，而所谓亚马孙人，即那些由女性统治的社会，其难置可否的存在与古希腊时值同期。

2.例题解析

不出所料，后文果然出现了except题:

All of the following are stated by the author as problems connected with the sources for knowledge of premodern cultures EXCEPT

(A) partial completeness

(B) restricted accessibility

(D) limited quantity

(E) tendency toward contradiction

通过”premodern cultures”或者“problems with sources”定位到上文中划阴影部分。5个选项都比较眼熟，一下子无法通过TS找出与原文没有关系的选项，也没有出现强对比。因此，选用精确定位排除法来进行解答，找出选项和原文的对应关系。

我们可以发现A选项partial completeness与fragmentary对应，说明资料来源的支离破碎(不完整性)，C选项difficulty of interpretation与原文的difficult to interpret对应，两者几乎都没有进行改写，只有词性的改变。D选项limited quantity与原文restricted in number相对应。E选项tendency toward contradiction与原文的contradictory相应。只有B没有找到相对应的并列成分。因此答案选B.

GRE阅读解题排除题语言现象列举

1.列举

所谓列举，就是在文章中出现对某一对象的几个特征进行的逐条描述，比如first,...,second..., third... 遇到这样的语言现象赶紧做好标记，因为这个语言现象经常会考except题。

2.句子的并列成分

比如X includes A, B and C,这里的A B C就是句子的并列成分。这种结构也常考排除题。通常是有4个选项分别约ABC等成分相对应，而其中有一个成分找不到对应，或者是与原文意思不符。

3.冒号

冒号后面也常会出现列举现象，因此，遇到的话一定要标出来。后面的内容可以大致浏览或者不看。

只要掌握合理科学的方法，GRE阅读其实并不难，再多加以练习方能在GRE阅读考试中获得高分!

GRE分类词汇记忆：背叛

5.14.1 背叛

apostasy n. 背教，脱党

apostate n. 背教者;变节者

betray v. 背叛;暴露

collaborate v. 通敌;合作，协作 (collaboration n. 合作;通敌 collaborative adj. 合作的，协作的 collaborator n. 合作者)

defect v. 变节，脱党;n. 缺点，瑕疵

deviation n. 背离

double-cross v. 出卖，欺骗

insurgent adj. 叛乱的，起事的;n. 叛乱分子

insurrection n. 造反，叛乱

mutinous adj. 叛变的;反抗的

mutineer n. 反叛者，背叛者

perfidy n. 不忠，背叛

renege v. 背信，违约

renegade n. 叛教者，叛徒

revolt v. 叛乱，造反;反感

sedition n. 煽动叛乱

treacherous adj. 背叛的，叛逆的，奸诈的

treachery n. 背叛;阴险

treason n. 叛国罪

apostate n. 背教者;变节者

firebrand n. 引起(社会或政治的)**的人;燃烧的木块

insurgent n. 叛乱分子;adj. 叛乱的，起事的

mutineer n. 反叛者，背叛者

quisling n. 卖国贼，内奸

renegade n. 叛教者，叛徒

traitor n. 卖国贼，叛徒

turncoat n. 背叛者，变节者

GRE分类词汇记忆：放纵

5.13.2 放纵，放荡

abandon v./n. 放纵;放弃

connive v. 纵容;默许;共谋 (connivance n. 共谋，纵容 conniving adj. 搞阴谋的)

humor v. 纵容，迁就;(n. 幽默)

indulge v. 放纵;满足

pamper v. 纵容，过分关怀

permissive adj. 过分纵容的 (permiss n. 允许)

bacchanal n. (行为放纵的)狂欢会

bohemian adj./n. 放荡不羁的(人)

coltish adj. 不受拘束的;似小马的

dissolute adj. 放荡的，无节制的

license n. 放肆;自由;许可证，执照

licentious adj. 纵欲的;放肆的

rakish adj. 放荡的;潇洒的

sultry adj. (人)风骚的;闷热的

sybaritic adj. 放纵的

sybarite n. 奢侈逸乐的人

unbridled adj. 放纵的

unprincipled adj. 肆无忌惮的

unscrupulous adj. 肆无忌惮的

unscrupulousness n. 肆无忌惮，狂妄

voluptuous adj. 撩人的;沉溺于酒色的 (voluptuary n. 耽于逸乐的人)

wanton adj. 放纵的，无节制的;顽皮的

bawdy adj. 淫猥的，好色的

lubricious adj. 好色的;光滑的

luscious adj. 肉感的;美味的

ribald adj. 下流的，粗鄙的

sadistic adj. 性虐待狂的，施虐狂的

scurrilous adj. 下流的

sensual adj. 肉欲的，淫荡的

appetite n. 欲望，食欲，爱好

libido n. 性欲;生命力

lust n. 强烈的欲望

lusty adj. 精力充沛的

ascetic adj. 禁欲的;n. 苦行者 (asceticism n. 禁欲主义)

quench v. 抑制(欲望);熄灭(火)

bohemian adj./n. 放荡不羁的(人)

dandy n. 花花公子，好打扮的人

fop n. (喜好精致服装的)花花公子

knave n. 流氓，恶棍

libertine n. 性行为放纵者，浪荡的人

rapscallion n. 流氓，恶棍

vagabond n. 浪荡子，流浪者;adj. 流浪的

GRE分类词汇记忆：

5.13.1 容忍，承受

abide v. 容忍，忍受

countenance v. 容忍;支持，赞成;n. 表情

endure v. 忍受，忍耐 (endurance n. 忍耐力)

forbearance n. 忍耐，自制

stomach v. 容忍;吃得下;(n. 胃)

swallow v. 忍受;吞下，咽下

tolerance n. 容忍，忍受;容许量，公差 (tolerate v. 宽容，容忍)

weather v. 经受住，平安渡过危难

withstand v. 经受住;顶住

encounter v. 遭遇

inflict v. 遭受

assume v. 承担，担任;假定

crutch n. v. 支撑;拐杖

sustain v. 承受(困难)，支撑(重量)

篇6：gre阅读解题的具体步骤是什么

gre阅读解题的具体步骤是什么

第一步：解剖文章首段内容

在文章阅读的过程中，不是所有的内容都是都必须详细读到的，内容也有轻重缓急之分。而首段内容和每段的第一、二句都应该是我们倍加重视的部分。在阅读的过程中，我们必须积极主动地解读文章的第一段和每段首部内容。同时，尽量记住作者提出的问题和观点，找到一些与文章内容相关的概念和词汇。

第二步：作者思路图的搭建

在脑子里或者在草稿纸上画一个文章的结构思路题。明确一下在全文内容中，各个段落的目的是什么，主题又是什么。你要清楚的知道，gre的阅读考试并不是想要考你的阅读能力，而是你的答题能力，不要完完整整的阅读整篇文章，有了明确的思路图就可以。

第三步：准确定位后答题开始

在开始答题前，建议大家可花上几秒钟为全文总结一下思路和主题。然后，根据之前建立的思路图将问题定位到文章中具体的某个段落甚至具体的句子，精准的定位会更加提到答题的准确率和答题速度。

词句入手备考GRE阅读理解

做GRE阅读首先需要读者能一定程度地读懂阅读文章，这个一定程度指的是：认识阅读文章中与结构、文章脉络、focus相关的重点词汇，能读懂大部分句子的大意，并能根据上下文关系推测或跳过生词、难句。

这就要求读者首先要有一定的词汇量，尤其是认识GRE阅读中最常用的一些重要词汇，其次，读者还要有一定的读懂句子、尤其是长句的能力，这两个能力，可能在准备阅读之初，很多人并不具备，所以，需要考生花一些时间来培养这两种技能，以供阅读基本之需。

1、词汇

很多考生在初学GRE的时候往往会觉得最大的障碍就是单词，一般来说，阅读需要掌握的单词比考GRE所需掌握的单词要少的多(四级以上词汇大约个)，对词汇的掌握也没有模拟。

反义对词汇的要求深(即只要看到这个词能知道其大意和褒贬态度就可以了)。这些词往往都是些GRE阅读专署词汇，且重复率很高，只需集中背记一下就可以解决基本问题。

这些词汇在笔者刚出版的《GRE阅读39+3全攻略》一书中有详细的罗列，读者也可以在做阅读的过程中逐步总结、积累，在积累识记的过程中请注意它们在阅读中的含义往往并不仅仅局限于它们的含义本身。

例如：alternative n.二中择一;可供选择的办法、事物，该单词词义也可以解释为“可替换的选择”，通常是作者提出了另外一种解释，这个新提出的解释和上文刚论述过的解释应该解释同一个对象，对这个新解释的评价是读者看到这个词后应该进一步关注的重点。

例：the alternative explanation supposes that… (另一种解释则假定……)这个词常常出现在“解释针对问题”型文章的主旨题正确答案中。读者在背记这些词的时候最好能更多的思考他们在阅读中的作用，这样，记住一个词往往能事半功倍，有时甚至可以解决一道题。

2、句子

读句子，尤其是读长难句，比较容易入手的读法是先找句子的主、谓、宾成分，尤其是谓语动词，很多句子结构复杂，由很多从句组成，一句读下来可能会不解其义，开始读的候侯，如果能句子的主干读起，就能相对容易地把握句子的大意。

举个例子：After more than a century of investigation, the relation of these and other phenomena, known collectively as the solar-activity cycle, to terrestrial weather and climate remains unclear.

试着以寻找句子主干为目的来读上面这句话，这就好比将主谓宾加粗，突出了重点和层次，对句子领会起来就更容易些。

另外，ETS将简单句子复杂化通常有其固定的模式，比如：

1)合并简单句、变简单句为带有从句结构或并列从句结构或多层从句结构的句子;

2)通过否定、双重甚至多重否定增加理解上的困难;

3)将原本分开的句子组合、套用在某固定句式、词组里面;

4)加入插入语来打断读句子的思路;

5)通过将一些成分后置、倒装或者省略来增加难度。读者要想轻松的跳过这些难点，首先要对一些典型的句子进行结构分析，之后还需靠平时的阅读积累，通过一定量的练习熟悉这些句子的结构构成方式，当遇到难以理解的句子时及时总结，分析其结构，从根本上解决所遇障碍，长此以往，进步将不断。

GRE阅读暗示推理型题目怎么解

GRE阅读题型有哪几种呢?备战GRE考试，首先要了解GRE考试题型，暗示推理题是GRE考试阅读中的一种题型，下面小编就针对该题型给大家解析，希望能够帮助您更好的复习GRE阅读。

GRE考试题型有很多，什么是GRE阅读的暗示推理题?在你选出答案以前，其实你并不知道这是暗示推理题，你的概念或许只有细节题，即除了中心思想题以外所有题都是细节题。事实上，在真正做题时，你也不必事先判断它是属于哪一类题型，我们将其归类的目的是为了让你对考试的题型有一个确切的把握。

也就是说，如果你碰到某一道“细节题”，顺利地将关键词定位以后，你仍然不能很快地确定到底是哪一个选项正确时，你不要灰心，因为有一种比复述题稍微复杂一点的题，即暗示推理题。

这一过程，我们的题型分类就起作用了，因为它事先给了你思想准备，即对未知的考题有一个合理的期待。但是，我们却可以通过暗示推理题的基本问法来事先判断它是否属于暗示推理题：

It can be inferred from the passage that...

The passage/author suggests that…

The passage/author implies that...

解密：暗示推理题是阅读中较难的题型。如果说复述题要脑子转一次弯的话，那么暗示推理题就需要转两次弯。ETS，包括所有的美国人将这称为一个人的“intelligent ability”，即智力。这种题在阅读题中出现的概率是0.3，每3道题中就会出一道，即大概每篇阅读出一道。

篇7：托福阅读解题使用排除法优势和局限性分析

托福阅读解题使用排除法优势和局限性分析

托福阅读哪些题型能用排除法?

众所周知，根据托福官方指南OG上的说明，托福阅读中总共有10个不同的题型，而由于这些题型基本都是选择题，哪怕是句子插入题其实也是给出多个位置让考生选择一个位置插入句子，因此理论上托福阅读的所有题型都可以通过排除法来解决，这种方法毫无疑问在托福阅读中是具有相当广泛运用范围的实用解题技巧。

托福阅读用排除法有哪些好处?

那么，在托福阅读解题时使用排除法能够给大家带来哪些帮助呢?

1. 提升效率缩短用时

首先，最为直观明显的好处就是可以有效提升考生的解题效率，缩短大家的解题用时。托福考试中阅读部分的时间是相当紧张的，这和阅读部分文章篇幅长以及题目数量多有很大关系，而提升解题效率一直都是考生备考时需要重点攻克的难关。排除法能够帮助大家迅速缩小选择题的选择范围，特别是在有些选项本身自相矛盾或是存在严重错误漏洞时，用排除法来应对的提速效果是非常明显的。

2. 遇题不决先排除

而排除法的另一个好处就如上面所说具有很强的适用性。基本上考生一旦发现题目有些难以应对，多个选项一眼扫过很难顺利分辨时，祭出排除法这个法宝往往就能解决很多问题。甚至在许多同学看来，托福阅读解题但凡没思路时，用一下排除法总是不会有错的。排除法的存在无形中也给大家解答应对难题提供了一定的心理安慰和底气。

排除法并非万能技巧也有局限性

当然，凡是有利有弊，排除法虽然在托福阅读中具有较高实用性，但其本身也是存在弊端和局限性的，考生需要了解排除法不适用的场合，才能真正发挥出其价值，以下这些排除法的弊端需要大家了解：

1. 难以一锤定音

排除法的局限性之一在于难以一锤定音。托福阅读的选择题如今在选项设置上越来越针对单纯的排除法解题思路。一道题目四个选项中，一般都会设置两个存在较为明显问题的错误选项，这些选项能够被考生轻松发现并排除掉。但剩下的两个选项则存在很大的相似性，考生往往会难以做出进一步的选择来排除，这种情况下排除法就很难帮助大家做出抉择了。也就是说，排除法能够帮助大家缩小选择范围，但却往往很难指引考生找到最后的正确答案。

2. 简单题不适用

其次，托福阅读也并非所有题目都具有很高的难度和很强的干扰性选项。占据托福阅读题目中至少4分之1数量的词汇题中，有不少题目都非常简单，比如问你一个词汇在文章里是什么意思，给出的4个选项就是4个单词。考生只要认识这个词汇，往往能直接作出选择。这种情况下就完全没有必要使用到排除法了。有些同学谨慎起见还是会用排除法来过一遍答案，然而很多时候都有浪费时间之嫌。明明能够直接选出答案却还是非得用一下排除法才能放心，排除法在给予考生心理安慰的同时，也不知不觉中造成了考生缺乏自信过度依赖的心态，这对于提升解题效率是较为不利的。

其实无论哪种解题方法，都必然存在其适合发挥的场合，也肯定会有一些无法使用的限制情况，小编希望各位同学能够合理且巧妙的运用多种解题技巧来辅助自己答题，而不是死脑筋的一种方法用到底。以上对于托福阅读解题中运用排除法解题的优势和局限性分析，希望大家能够认真了解一下。

托福阅读素材之石油资源

Petroleum Resources

石油资源

1.Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment. Microscopic organisms settle to the seafloor and accumulate in marine mud. The organic matter may partially decompose, using up the dissolved oxygen in the sediment. As soon as the oxygen is gone, decay stops and the remaining organic matter is preserved.

段落梗概：石油和天然气都是来自海底的有机物沉淀。部分有机物分解，部分沉积。

2.Continued sedimentation—the process of deposits’ settling on the sea bottom—buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures, which convert the organic matter to oil and gas. As muddy sediments are pressed together, the gas and small droplets of oil may be squeezed out of the mud and may move into sandy layers nearby. Over long periods of time (millions of years), accumulations of gas and oil can collect in the sandy layers. Both oil and gas are less dense than water, so they generally tend to rise upward through water-saturated rock and sediment.

段落梗概：持续的沉积——堆积物沉积到海底的过程将有机物埋在海底使之受到海底温度、高压的影响，最终转变成石油和天然气。当泥状沉积物被挤压在一起时，天然气和石油液滴会被挤出泥层，然后进入附近的沙层。经过很长的一个周期(数百万年)，积聚的天然气和石油会在沙层中聚集。

3.Oil pools are valuable underground accumulations of oil, and oil fields are regions underlain by one or more oil pools. When an oil pool or field has been discovered, wells are drilled into the ground. Permanent towers, called derricks, used to be built to handle the long sections of drilling pipe. Now portable drilling machines are set up and are then dismantled and removed. When the well reaches a pool, oil usually rises up the well because of its density difference with water beneath it or because of the pressure of expanding gas trapped above it. Although this rise of oil is almost always carefully controlled today, spouts of oil, or gushers, were common in the past. Gas pressure gradually dies out, and oil is pumped from the well. Water or steam may be pumped down adjacent wells to help push the oil out. At a refinery, the crude oil from underground is separated into natural gas, gasoline, kerosene, and various oils. Petrochemicals such as dyes, fertilizer, and plastic are also manufactured from the petroleum.

段落梗概：关于石油开采的一些介绍：包括油床、油田、井架概念的介绍;石油开采中的技术控制;以及地下的原油分离;石油用途等等。

4. As oil becomes increasingly difficult to find, the search for it is extended into more-hostile environments. The development of the oil field on the North Slope of Alaska and the construction of the Alaska pipeline are examples of the great expense and difficulty involved in new oil discoveries. Offshore drilling platforms extend the search for oil to the ocean’s continental shelves—those gently sloping submarine regions at the edges of the continents. More than one-quarter of the world’s oil and almost one-fifth of the world’s natural gas come from offshore, even though offshore drilling is six to seven times more expensive than drilling on land. A significant part of this oil and gas comes from under the North Sea between Great Britain and Norway.

段落梗概：石油越来越难以找到，石油勘探已经开始到更恶劣的环境中进行。举了一个例子：阿拉斯加北坡油田的开发和阿拉斯加管道建设就是成本高、难度大的例子。

5. Of course, there is far more oil underground than can be recovered. It may be in a pool too small or too far from a potential market to justify the expense of drilling. Some oil lies under regions where drilling is forbidden, such as national parks or other public lands. Even given the best extraction techniques, only about 30 to 40 percent of the oil in a given pool can be brought to the surface. The rest is far too difficult to extract and has to remain underground.

段落梗概：地下还能发现更多的石油。许多石油资源都是由于开采费用高、地理位置不能开采等原因不得不留在地下。

6.Moreover, getting petroleum out of the ground and from under the sea and to the consumer can create environmental problems anywhere along the line. Pipelines carrying oil can be broken by faults or landslides, causing serious oil spills. Spillage from huge oil-carrying cargo ships, called tankers, involved in collisions or accidental groundings (such as the one off Alaska in 1989) can create oil slicks at sea. Offshore platforms may also lose oil, creating oil slicks that drift ashore and foul the beaches, harming the environment. Sometimes, the ground at an oil field may subside as oil is removed. The Wilmington field near Long Beach, California, has subsided nine meters in 50 years;protective barriers have had to be built to prevent seawater from flooding the area. Finally, the refining and burning of petroleum and its products can cause air pollution. Advancing technology and strict laws, however, are helping control some of these adverse environmental effects.

段落梗概：从地下和海底开采石油并运送到消费者的途中的任何地方都会产生环境问题。石油运输管道损坏造成严重的石油泄漏，会导致海上产生浮油。海上钻井平台也可能会泄露石油，导致海滩污染，危害环境。有时油田石油被抽取后，地面会下沉。举例。石油炼制、燃烧也会造成空气污染。先进的技术和严格的法律正在控制这些对环境的不利影响。

疑难词：

petroleum n. 石油

marine adj. 船舶的;航海的，海运的

sediment n. 沉积;沉淀物

decompose vt. 分解;腐烂vi. 分解;使腐烂

convert vi. 转变，变换

droplet n. 小滴，微滴

squeeze n. 压榨;紧握v. 挤;紧握;勒索

saturate adj. 浸透的，饱和的

drill vt. 钻孔;训练;条播vi. 钻孔

portable adj. 手提的，便携式的

dismantle vt. 拆除;取消vi. 可拆卸

collision n. 碰撞;冲突

ashore adj. 在岸上的;在陆上的adv. 在岸上

adverse adj. 不利的;相反的

托福阅读素材：欧洲的岩洞艺术

Cave Art in Europe

欧洲的岩洞艺术

1.The earliest discovered traces of art are beads and carvings, and then paintings, from sites dating back to the Upper Paleolithic period. We might expect that early artistic efforts would be crude, but the cave paintings of Spain and southern France show a marked degree of skill. So do the naturalistic paintings on slabs of stone excavated in southern Africa. Some of those slabs appear to have been painted as much as 28,000 years ago, which suggests that painting in Africa is as old as painting in Europe. But painting may be even older than that. The early Australians may have painted on the walls of rock shelters and cliff faces at least 30,000 years ago, and maybe as much as 60,000 years ago.

段落梗概：在发现的早期工艺品中，西班牙与法国南部的岩洞画显示出了高超的技艺，在非洲南部发掘出的自然石板画也是如此。而且通过考古发掘发现，非洲绘画与欧洲绘画一样历史久远;欧洲人在岩石和悬崖断面上作画的历史更久。

2.The researchers Peter Ucko and Andree Rosenfeld identified three principal locations of paintings in the caves of western Europe: (1) in obviously inhabited rock shelters and cave entrances;(2) in galleries immediately off the inhabited areas of caves;and (3) in the inner reaches of caves, whose difficulty of access has been interpreted by some as a sign that magical-religious activities were performed there.

段落梗概：研究人员指出西欧洞画的三个主要地点：(1)在明显有遮蔽可供人类居住的岩石和洞穴入口处，(2)在居住的洞穴一出门的走廊上(3)在洞穴所能及的最深处

3.The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops or environmental trappings. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art. Another explanation for the focus on animals might be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting. This theory is suggested by evidence of chips in the painted figures, perhaps made by spears thrown at the drawings. But if improving their hunting luck was the chief motivation for the paintings, it is difficult to explain why only a few show signs of having been speared. Perhaps the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals. Cave art seems to have reached a peak toward the end of the Upper Paleolithic period, when the herds of game were decreasing.

段落梗概：绘画的主题大部分都是动物。在洞穴绘画中，很少描绘人物。并猜测了原因。后石器时代的人们也相信画人物像会引起伤害或死亡;人们在探索如何提高打猎的命中率;或许是出于增加猎物的需求而画的画。

4.The particular symbolic significance of the cave paintings in southwestern France is more explicitly revealed, perhaps, by the results of a study conducted by researchers Patricia Rice and Ann Paterson. The data they present suggest that the animals portrayed in the cave paintings were mostly the ones that the painters preferred for meat and for materials such as hides. For example, wild cattle (bovines) and horses are portrayed more often than we would expect by chance, probably because they were larger and heavier (meatier) than other animals in the environment. In addition, the paintings mostly portray animals that the painters may have feared the most because of their size, speed, natural weapons such as tusks and horns, and the unpredictability of their behavior. That is, mammoths, bovines, and horses are portrayed more often than deer and reindeer. Thus, the paintings are consistent with the idea that the art is related to the importance of hunting in the economy of Upper Paleolithic people. Consistent with this idea, according to the investigators, is the fact that the art of the cultural period that followed the Upper Paleolithic also seems to reflect how people got their food. But in that period, when getting food no longer depended on hunting large game animals (because they were becoming extinct), the art ceased to focus on portrayals of animals.

段落梗概：研究者们的研究结果更清楚地揭示了法国西南部的岩洞画的特殊象征性意义。研究显示，绘画者经常描绘的动物是喜欢食用的动物或喜欢用作兽皮的动物，另外画作中主要描绘了绘画者害怕的动物。结论：在旧石器时代晚期的人的经济中，岩洞艺术与打猎的重要性有关。

5.Upper Paleolithic art was not confined to cave paintings. Many shafts of spears and similar objects were decorated with figures of animals. The anthropologist Alexander Marshack has an interesting interpretation of some of the engravings made during the Upper Paleolithic. He believes that as far back as 30,000 B.C., hunters may have used a system of notation, engraved on bone and stone, to mark phases of the Moon. If this is true, it would mean that Upper Paleolithic people were capable of complex thought and were consciously aware of their environment. In addition to other artworks, figurines representing the human female in exaggerated form have also been found at Upper Paleolithic sites. It has been suggested that these figurines were an ideal type or an expression of a desire for fertility.

段落梗概：旧石器时代晚期的艺术不仅仅局限于洞穴绘画。许多矛杆和类似的东西上都画了动物作为装饰。人类学家对旧石器时代晚期的一些雕刻品的解释意味着旧石器时代晚期的人们已经有了复杂的思维并对他们的环境有了一个理性的认识。人们还在旧石器时代晚期的遗址上发现了以夸张的形式描绘妇女的小雕塑。

篇8：gre阅读长文章如何快速解题

gre阅读长文章如何快速解题

gre长阅读“做题速度慢”的解决方案：

多数考生做题速度慢的原因都是一样的，就是花在读原文上的时间太长了。GRE阅读的原文通常又长又难，如果要读懂原文然后凭借印象来做题是需要考生有非常深厚的英文功底的，而这种功底我们绝大多数考生都不具备，所以我们只能用考完题干再定位回原文读懂某个具体的句子来做题。

那么，我们在遇到一篇新的阅读时先读一遍原文是要达到什么目的呢?

做对主旨题和作者态度题;2)关注、标记一些常考考点为定位所用。

故读原文后能达到这两个要求就足够了，如果除达到这两个要求之外又多读了句子，或在某些句子、某些词上多逗留了时间，都是致使做题速度慢花的无用功。

我们在这里先给出一些可以略读的固定内容，大家不妨花一点时间记一下这些非常不重要的东西，以便今后不用在它们上面浪费更多时间。

1、已知大意的具体叙述可以略读，重复、进一步的解释、反之亦然的叙述部分可以略读。

2、目的已知，具体内容可以略读，就是知道了叙述目的，可以略读其内容。

3、作者将要或者已经摒弃的论据、论证可以略读，这样的观点一般都是为后面作者支持的观点做铺垫。

4、一句话的重心如果在后面，前面的可以略读。

GRE阅读真题之OG2

While chocolate was highly esteemed in Mesoamerica, where it originated, its adoption in Europe was initially slow. There is a common belief that Europeans needed to “transform” chocolate to make it appetizing. However, while Spaniards did put sugar, which was unknown to indigenous Americans, into chocolate beverages, this additive was not completely innovative. Mesoamericans were already sweetening chocolate with honey, and the step from honey to sugar—increasingly more available than honey because of expanding sugar plantations in the Americas—is a small one. Likewise, although Spaniards adjusted Mesoamerican recipes by using European spices, the spices chosen suggest an attempt to replicate harder-to-find native flowers. There is no indication the Spaniards deliberately tried to change the original flavor of chocolate.

1. The author of the passage refers to the use of honey primarily to

A. identify the origins of an additive previously untried by Europeans

B. present an example of a product that was unknown to Europeans

C. correct the misapprehension that Mesoamericans used a sweetener that was not available in Europe

D. provide an example of an ingredient that was in the process of being displaced by a substitute

E. explain why the Spanish use of sugar in chocolate was not a sign of a need to transform chocolate

2. Which sentence presents a misconception that the passage challenges?

A. The second (“There is … appetizing”)

B. The third (“However … innovative”)

C. The fourth (“Mesoamericans … one”)

D. The fifth (“Likewise … flowers”)

E. The sixth (“There is … chocolate”)

GRE阅读真题之OG2

In early-twentieth-century England, it was fashionable to claim that only a completely new style of writing could address a world undergoing unprecedented transformation— just as one literary critic recently claimed that only the new “aesthetic of exploratory excess” can address a world under- going well, you know. Yet in early-twentieth century England, T. S. Eliot, a man fascinated by the “presence” of the past, wrote the most innovative poetry of his time. The lesson for today’s literary community seems obvious: a reorientation toward tradition would benefit writers no less than readers. But if our writers and critics indeed respect the novel’s rich tradition (as they claim to), then why do they disdain the urge to tell an exciting story?

1. The author of the passage suggests that present-day readers would particularly benefit from which of the following changes on the part of present-day writers and critics?

A. An increased focus on the importance of engaging the audience in a narrative

B. Modernization of the traditional novelistic elements already familiar to readers

C. Embracing aspects of fiction that are generally peripheral to the interest of readers

D. A greater recognition of how the tradition of the novel has changed over time

E. A better understanding of how certain poets such as Eliot have influenced fiction of the present time

2. In the context of the passage as whole, “address” (lines 3 and 6) is closest in meaning to

A. reveal

B. belie

C. speak to

D. direct attention toward

E. attempt to remediate

★ gre考试填空题如何精准作答