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GRE阅读根据题型使用针对技巧

时间：2023-09-07 08:13:34 其他范文收藏本文下载本文

GRE阅读根据题型使用针对技巧（推荐8篇）由网友“呆啵nini”投稿提供，以下是小编收集整理的GRE阅读根据题型使用针对技巧，希望对大家有所帮助。

GRE阅读根据题型使用针对技巧

篇1：GRE阅读根据题型使用针对技巧

GRE阅读根据题型使用针对技巧

GRE阅读排除法并非万能技巧

用简单粗暴式的排除法直接找选项和原文的对应关系，而完全不顾题干所问究竟是什么，也是很多同学在做GRE阅读题时正确率始终难以提高的主要原因。很多同学习惯了以往在中考、高考甚至是托福做题所用的找选项和原文的意思对应这种做题方法，并带到了GRE做题过程中来。对于某些细节题，这种方法也许是适用的，但是对文章的主旨、结构这一类和宏观方面有关的题型却并没有对症下药。而哪怕是在细节题里，也存在着不同题型提问方式上的差异，直接导致了做题过程中的做题方法和挑选项的标准有很大的不同。

一起来看下面几道例题题干：

例1：The author of the passage mentions which of the following as an advantage of high-technology development?

例2：The passage suggests which of the following about the majority of United States manufacturing industries before the high-technology development era of the 1980s?

例3：The author mentions the behavior of the circulatory system of sea snakes when they are removed from the ocean primarily in order to

解题思路分析

如果单看这几个问题，大家能不能看出题干所问内容的区别?或者能否看出每一个问题潜在的正确答案应该是什么样子?如果深入分析一下，不难发现例1问的是文章提到了什么，所以正确答案一定是文章提到过的内容，而且一定是原文原句表达过的意思，所以正确答案一定是与原文中句子相同意思，只不过换了一种表达方式的选项。

例2问的是文章暗示了什么，那么正确选项一定也会和原文有关，但意思一定不会和原文完全相同，而是原文信息的合理延伸。

例3看似和例1很像，都用了“mention”这个词，但是看到最后的“in order to”的话可以发现题目所问的其实是文章之所以提到这句话是为了干什么。因此，这种题干本质上是问句子作用，最后回答问题的正确选项一定不会是这句话本身，而是句子背后的目的。

从上述这三个例子中，相信大家大家不难看出，以往在其他英语考试中无往不利的排除法，其实面对GRE阅读并不是那么好用。而盲目使用排除法强行解答，只会造成各种问题，反而增加了错误的发生。因此，只有对症下药，根据不同的题目具体问题具体分析，重视文章框架和整体结构，才是确保GRE阅读高分的关键要点。

综上所述，GRE阅读在解题过程中，也许依靠诸如排除法等讨巧手段可能解决一些特定题目，但从整体而言，一味依赖这些本身并不靠谱的技巧，其实绝非良策。希望大家能够正确认识解题技巧，谨慎选择最合适的GRE阅读解题方法。

GRE长难句解析:抽象的理性

The very richness and complexity of the meaningful relationships that kept presenting and rearranging themselves on all levels， from abstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings， made it difficult for Proust to set them out coherently.

译文：各种有意义的联系在所有的层次上，自抽象的理性至深刻的梦幻般的情感，层出不穷并不断重新组合排列;正是这些有意义的联系的丰富性和复杂性，致使Proust难于将它们错落有致地安排好。

解释：该句子考察的是也是复杂修饰与插入语。句中的主语是The very richness and complexity，然而其后由of引导的the meaningful relationships that kept presenting and rearranging themselves on all levels这句长长的话全是用来修饰前面那个主语的。而其中还夹杂着from abstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings这个插入语，它有效地分开了主语和谓语。

解法：其实本句虽然结构也比较复杂，但是也还算不上长难句中的难题。该句子真正的难点，还在于句子中除了用插入语外还加入了结构复杂的句子来干扰考生对整句句意的理解。其实可以直接先不看of短语后面的的一系列修饰成分，然后也直接跳过插入语，直接看完整个句子主干就可以轻而易举地理解本句话的意思了。

GRE长难句解析:抨击批评家

How did Contre Saint-Beuve， an essay attacking the methods of the critic Saint-Beuve， turn into the start of the novel Remembrance of Things Past?

译文： Contre Saint-Beuve一文——一篇抨击批评家Saint-Beuve批评方法的文章——是如何转变成为小说Remembrance of Things Past的开端的?

解释：这个句子考察的是一个比较简单的含有插入语的句子。其实单从句子形式中的前后成对出现的两个逗号就比较容易看出是插入语。本句的主语和谓语部分被插入语an essay attacking the methods of the critic Saint-Beuve所分割。同时插入语部分也是前面Contre Saint-Beuve的同位语，只是为了进一步解释说明一下这篇文章。

解法：看出是插入语之后，可以直接先跳过插入语不读，直接将前后的内容连起来就不难本句结构了。待句子句意完全读完整之后再读插入语，进一步帮助我们理解句意。

GRE

篇2：GRE阅读高频题型应对技巧

GRE阅读高频题型应对技巧讲解

GRE阅读如何准确定位主题句?

和国内学生写文章不一样，美国人的阅读文章中从来都不出现“I think that，in my opinion，as far as I am considered”此类语言做主题句。通常来说主题句有以下两种形式：

1. 判断句(含情态动词，系动词，正负褒贬词的句子);

2. 概括文章将来结构。

GRE阅读主题句寻找技巧分享

以这句话为例：Your minds changed my attitude. 这句话中并没有情态动词和系动词，因此这句话自然不是判断句，也就不是主题句。但只要在这句话中加入一个正负褒贬词，即一个词表明作者的态度或观点的词即是判断句了。比如，Your minds successfully changed my attitude即是判断句了。

另外，如果一个句子不是判断句，只要它能够概括文章将来结构，及文章后面会从哪几个方面来说明，也是主题句。比如，People are living longer now. 这句话一定不是主题句，而如果这句话是，People are living longer now since the improvement of food condition and the development of medical technology.这句话即是主题句了。因为它概括了文章后面会从哪几个方向来进行说明。

应对主旨题细节题需学会找准主题句

如果考生在新GRE阅读题中掌握好了主题句判断方法，很多文章便可以很快把握文章的结构框架，帮助后面文章的理解。

比如一篇文章的开头是，Mycorrhizal fungi infect more plants than do any other fungi and are necessary for many plants to thrive， but they have escaped widespread investigation until recently for two reasons. First， the symbiotic association is so well-balanced that the roots of host plants show no damage even when densely infected. Second， the fungi cannot as yet be cultivated in the absence of a living root.

第一句是明显的判断句，即为主题句。而主题句也同时概括了文章的将来结构，即会从“M真菌影响力很强”和“M真菌过去由于两个原因没有得到广泛研究”。下面马上看到了first和second，我们即知道这两个很难读懂的句子无非是两个原因使得M真菌没有得到广泛研究而已，具体是哪两个原因，我们几乎可以忽略不读。

综上所述，在做GRE阅读时，快速准确发现主题句的方法和技巧是非常实用的，对于提升阅读文章速度和解决许多耗时题型都有很大帮助，因此小编希望大家都能学会掌握和运用这种技巧，提高解答阅读题的效率，减轻严格考试时间带来的应试压力。

GRE阅读提高默读速度有技巧

想读得快，咱先得看看人是咋读书的。这叫追根溯源，由道及术，圣人之道也。人的读书过程是一个左右脑配合的过程——左脑负责集中注意把焦点放到一个或数个单词上，右脑负责周边注意(余光，当然叫旁光更亲切一些，尤其是军训时教官让我们集中注意向前看，并且用旁光与边上的同学对齐时)。好的阅读者会在读书时让左右脑充分协调配合(军训的教官真有先见之明让我们大一就开始练英文阅读了!)

读书时在脑子中有两种过程——默读(subvocalisation)和思维之流(stream of thoughts)。默读速度比较慢，在克服默读的过程中你要达到临在的状态——即充分的意识和放松，认识到自己那虚伪的自我感(这点东西可以算是心灵哲学的内容吧，如果有兴趣可以看看克里希那穆提的著作或俄克里特托利的《修炼当下的力量》，没有什么复杂的东西，关键说白了就是四个字：放松意识)。

读是一个学习(或者说认知)的过程，是符号信息与读者内心感受的交互。它要求有适当的逻辑与积极的思考(要不然还怎么交互??)

大致分为以下几个步骤：

1、Recognition:文字识别

2、Assimilation：物理输入

3、Intra-integration：字面理解

4、Extra-integration：内涵理解(别想歪了!)

5、Retention：记忆

6、Recall：回忆

7、Communication：默读与一词一词地读(简称小学读法)的最大缺点有二(这还叫最大吗?算了，都挺大的)1、慢!2、容易走神(小时候妈妈老是骂我不好好看书，现在终于找到原因了!要是你看书跟看电视似的过瘾谁不好好看书?嗯，看完本书你就可以像看电视一样地看书了，别忘了以后有了孩子再教给它，家里能省不少电费)

克服默读(往往伴随着回读过频)之后，你的阅读能力理论上可以提高五倍，大多数人可以做到每分钟看1000个单词。虽然小丁我至今没感受到(我昨天花了俩钟头看完了原著，稍微把里边的练习试了一下，只觉得提高了一倍)。

The Eye and its Movements先说眼，咱不是生物书，就不具体介绍眼球结构了。但是有一个概念是不得不提的，那就是中央窝(fovea)，它在视网膜上，负责视觉注意力的集中。也就是，你现在注意看啥，它在视网膜上的投影就在中央窝上。现在说重点——眼的运动。

这不是一个平滑的过程，而是一停一停的。你的阅读过程是一次一次注意的连接,而在两次注意之间的转移过程中你的大脑是不做任何识别工作的。意识到这个过程并对此加以训练就足以大大提高你的阅读速度了。当然，注意只是投影到中央窝的视觉，那么余光呢?眼睛能看到余光中的单词，却无法清楚地识别。

这部分视觉可以引导大脑把注意力移动到合适的位置。阅读达人在读书时只把注意力放在每行的中部，而用余光粗略浏览边上的单词看是否和自己猜的一样(这一点小生现在实在没法做到，说白了就是把阅读变成了超级句子填空了嘛，不知道十年之后当GRE成为往事时是否能做到...)。

提高遇到速度方法如下：

1、找一个没有思想深度，遣词造句比较简单的阅读材料，比如休闲杂志、消遣小说之类的(注：平时用TS法，当遇到无法理解的句子时大脑会自动调节为SB法，注意感受这一过程有助于提高阅读能力)

2、找一个没有人的屋子——绝对不能再自习室进行这一步，否则你真会被别人当成SB——然后大声数数，从一到十、再从一到十(书上说，断续发eee...eee...eee...的音也可以，真是不为SB誓不罢休)，在这个过程中试着阅读。大脑控制SB与控制喉咙是同一个分区，当你数数时就占用了这个分区，使大脑无法SB。

3、当你可以熟练地做2时，可以在心中默数，这时就可以回自习室而不必担心被看成SB了。

4、当可以做3时就努力提高阅读速度，当超过每分钟360个词时，由于速度过快就会进入一个抑制SB的良性循环。

5、针对高手，还可以加入除了TS之外的自己的思想补充文本内容使自己在阅读时身临其境。

6、直到有一天，你发现自己已经可以明确区分SB与TS并自由选择。最后你的浏览速度可以达到词每分钟。

ETS公布GRE阅读选项原则

1. 正确选项：

(1)同义变换。即将原文中的某一句话用另一种说法表达，也就是英文中的paraphrase。如将文章中的“many wind-pollinated species fail to release pollen when wind speeds are low or when humid conditions prevail.”换成选项中的“Pollen is sometimes not released by plants when there is little wind”。

其中包括三种类型：变换同义词，变换句型，变化同根词的词性。以下分别论述，请注意表格中的斜体字。

2.错误选项：

对于GRE阅读文章中更大量的错误选项，ETS也形成了一套固定的规则。以下笔者就用实例来说明错误选项编制的规则：

(1)混偏反无。

1)混: 此类选项的错误可以形象地概括为：“张冠李戴”。如下例：

文章：“...unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses”

GRE阅读考试题目：The passage suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to

(A) experience frustration but not serious financial harm

(B) face potentially crippling fixed expenses (本题问大公司如果没有使投标转化为订单将引起什么结果。而这恰恰是小公司的特点。)

(D) increase its spending with minority subcontractors

(E) revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts

2)偏：意即选项中所包含的逻辑范畴与原文不符。包括”以偏概全“ 以及”以全概偏”。请看下文：

Paule Marshall’s Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959) was a landmark in the depiction of female characters in Black American literature. Marshall avoided the oppressed and tragic heroine in conflict with White society that had been typical of the protest novels of the early twentieth century. Like her immediate predecessors, Zora Neale Hurston and Gwendolyn Brooks, she focused her novel on an ordinary Black woman’s search for identity within the context of a Black community. But Marshall extended the analysis of Black female characters begun by Hurston and Brooks by depicting her heroine’s development in terms of the relationship between her Barbadian American parents, and by exploring how male and female roles were defined by their immigrant culture, which in turn was influenced by the materialism of White America. By placing characters within a wider cultural context, Marshall attacked racial and sexual stereotypes and paved the way for explorations of race, class, and gender in the novels of the 1970’s.

GRE阅读题目：The passage is primarily concerned with

(A) comparing the works of three Black American authors

(B) describing common themes in Black American literature

(D) providing insights about Black American literature in the early twentieth century

(E) providing historical information about the writing of Black American novels in the second half the twentieth century

分析：此文描述并评价了美国黑人文学史上一部优秀的著作。而其中的D，E选项中的“Black American literature”以及“the writing of Black American novels”无疑扩大了原文的逻辑涵盖的范围，即属于“以全概偏”。于是不予选择。

3)反：即选项中的内容与文章内容相反。

文章：“....Paule Marshall’s Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959) was a landmark in the depiction of female characters in Black American literature. Marshall avoided the oppressed and tragic heroine in conflict with White society that had been typical of the protest novels of the early twentieth century. Like her immediate predecessors, Zora Neale Hurston and Gwendolyn Brooks, she focused her novel on an ordinary Black woman’s search for identity within the context of a black community......”

题目：

According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, and Marshall are alike in that they

(A) did not examine the effects of White culture on their characters’ lives

(B) were heavily influenced by the protest novels of the early twentieth century

(D) wrote primarily about the difficulties their characters encountered in White culture

(E) wrote exclusively about female characters and the experiences of women

分析：从文章中得知：“马歇尔已经摆脱了抗议小说所一贯描绘的受压迫并且带有悲剧色彩的女主人公形象”。但是B选项却说道：“马歇尔深深地受到二十世纪早期抗议小说的影响”，明显与原文意思相反。

再如：

It can be inferred that the author of the passage would describe Brown Girl, Brownstones as being

(A) completely different from novels written before 1959

(B) highly influenced by novels written in the early twentieth century

(D) important in the late 1950’s but dated today

(E) an important influence on novels written in the 1970’s

分析：C选项“与之前的抗议小说类似” 与原文意思相反。而B选项的“深受二十世纪早期小说的影响”从文章无法推测出。

4)无：即提到文章中未涉及的内容。由于此种选项编制容易，并且ETS一厢情愿地认为此种迷惑手段非常高明。因此，此类错误选项在GRE阅读的错误选项中数量众多。请各位考生紧记：凡基于文章内容无法推测出的选项必然错误。

还是上文：

题目：

According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, and Marshall are alike in that they

(A) did not examine the effects of White culture on their characters’ lives

(B) were heavily influenced by the protest novels of the early twentieth century

(D) wrote primarily about the difficulties their characters encountered in White culture

(E) wrote exclusively about female characters and the experiences of women

分析：从文章中得知：“马歇尔与另外两位的的共同点在于他们都把小说聚焦于一位普通的黑人女性对自己身份的追求，当然故事是以一个黑人社会为背景”。其中的A选项“未研究百人文化对角色生活所带来的影响”文章从未涉及。

再如：

It can be inferred that the author of the passage would describe Brown Girl, Brownstones as being

(A) completely different from novels written before 1959

(B) highly influenced by novels written in the early twentieth century

(D) important in the late 1950’s but dated today

(E) an important influence on novels written in the 1970’s

分析：D选项“二十世纪50年代末期重要，但是今天过时了”文章从未涉及。

(3) 含有强调性语言(最高级、唯一性和比较级)的选项

ETS会随意地在选项中加入一些极端语言来编制错误选项。集中表现为含有最高级，唯一性以及比较级的词汇。换句话说，含有这三类词汇的选项错误的几率很高。具体说：

1)最高级词汇：best , the most important, the least useful, uttermost, foremost, uppermost, always ,never, often, usually，primarily，primary，exact(ly)，complete(ly) . entire(ly) absolute(ly) extremely, unmitigated . unrestrained . unchecked. first等

2)唯一性词汇：only, alone, exclusively, sole(ly), unique(ly)

3)比较级词汇：more useful than, less beneficial than, better , worse than ，as ..as, the same with, similar to 等等。

还是以上两例：

According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, and Marshall are alike in that they

(A) did not examine the effects of White culture on their characters’ lives

(B) were heavily influenced by the protest novels of the early twentieth century

(D) wrote primarily about the difficulties their characters encountered in White culture

(E) wrote exclusively about female characters and the experiences of women

分析：此处的D选项和E选项中的“primarily”以及“exclusively”都属于比较极端的词汇。

It can be inferred that the author of the passage would describe Brown Girl, Brownstones as being

(A) completely different from novels written before 1959

(B) highly influenced by novels written in the early twentieth century

(D) important in the late 1950’s but dated today

(E) an important influence on novels written in the 1970’s

分析：此处的A选项中的“completely” 也属于比较极端的词汇。

(4) 违反“论据集中”原则：

即此类选项试图使用非定位处的信息回答问题。此类选项极具迷惑性，因为这些错误的选项在文章中确实被提及过，可是由于与问题回答无关因此不予选择。

请看下例：

“No very satisfactory account of the mechanism that caused the formation of the ocean basins has yet been given. The traditional view supposes that the upper mantle of the earth behaves as a liquid when it is subjected to small forces for long periods and that differences in temperature under oceans and continents are sufficient to produce convection in the mantle of the earth with rising convection currents under the(E) mid-ocean ridges and sinking currents under the continents. Theoretically, this convection would carry the continental plates along as though they were on a conveyor belt and would provide the forces needed to produce the split that occurs along the ridge. This view may be correct: it has the advantage that the currents are driven by(B) temperature differences that themselves depend on the position of the continents. Such a (D)back-coupling, in which the position of the moving plate has an impact on the forces that move it, could produce complicated and varying motions.

On the other hand, the theory is implausible because convection does not normally occur along lines, and it certainly does not occur along lines broken by frequent offsets or changes in direction, as the ridge is. Also it is difficult to see how the theory applies to the plate between the (C)Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the ridge in the Indian Ocean. ”

【题】The author refers to a “conveyor belt” in order to

(A)illustrate the effects of convection in the mantle

(B)show how temperature differences depend on the positions of the continents

(C)demonstrate the linear nature of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

(D)describe the complicated motions made possible by back coupling

(E)account for the rising currents under certain mid-ocean ridges

分析：此题为一道举例作用题。其定位为文章中加粗和划线的句子。但是这四个错误的选项都无一例外地通过利用其它的句子编制而成，即出题机构分别使用文章中标号为 A，B，C和D的内容编制出四个错误的选项。因此，不予选择。考生切忌因为文章别的地方曾经出现过类似的内容而犹豫不决。

篇3：GRE阅读高频对比题型答题技巧

GRE阅读高频对比题型答题技巧

GRE阅读对比题基本题型介绍

对比的思维在GRE阅读中绝对不少见，也就是常说的对比题。对比题的主要出题形式大致是：下述哪一选项所述现象和原文第N行的说法比较相像?或者下列哪个选项为原文的观点提供了一个很好的例子?。根据这种出题形式可以发现，考生应对对比题，需要对文章整体或者部分段落细节有比较清晰的理解才能顺利应对。

GRE阅读对比题解题思路分析

根据题目要求，考生应对对比题最实用的解题思路如下：

1. 标记原文返回定位

对比题和细节题类似，很多时候都需要考生返回原文中找到对应位置进行分析解答，因此定位对对比题来说是比较重点的起始步骤。

2. 结合理解归纳总结

对比题考的是对原文的理解和概括，属于比较抽象的内容，因此大家需要学会对原文的内容进行归纳和抽象，抽象的时候要注意，有态度的要把态度留下，把具体的名词都丢掉。

3. 对比选项寻找答案

在完成了之前步骤后，大家就可以得到一个关于题目内容的具体框架，大致是“对象+正评价/负评价/无评价+某事”。到了这一步，考生的解题流程就算是基本完成了，之后只要和选项进行对比就能找到合适答案。

GRE阅读对比题实例讲解

在之前考过的GRE阅读题中，有这样一段话“It is one of nature's great ironies that the availability of nitrogen in the soil frequently sets an upper limit on plant growth even though the plants' leaves are bathed in a sea of nitrogen gas.”我们把氮气(nitrogen)抽象为A，植物(plant)抽象为B，这句话的结构就是“B的周围有很多A，但B依然觉得A不够”。

我们再到选项里看，很快会发现只有(C) That of shipwrecked sailors at sea in a lifeboat， with one flask of drinking water to share among them符合，置于这个的逻辑抽象，大家可以自己尝试一下如何抽象，同时也可以尝试下对其它错误选项同样也抽象。这种题目切记，不可先看选项，一定要“先抽象，再选项”。

GRE长难句解析:神经细胞

Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size, number, arrangement, and interconnection of the nerve cells, but as far as psycho neural correlations were concerned, the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences.

【标识】

Other experiments revealed slight variations 1[in the size, number, arrangement, and interconnection] 2[of the nerve cells], 3{but 4{as far as psycho neural correlations were concerned}, the obvious similarities 5[of these sensory fields] 6[to each other] seemed much more remarkable than any 7[of the minute differences]}.

【难点】

1. 介词结构倒装。in the size, number, arrangement, and interconnection修饰variations。2. 介词结构倒装。of the nerve cells修饰interconnection。3. 长句。but连接的平行结构。4. 长句。as far as引导的状语从句。5. 介词结构倒装。of these sensory fields修饰similarities。6. 介词结构倒装。to each other修饰similarities。7. 介词结构倒装。of the minute differences修饰any。

【译文】

尽管其他实验揭示了神经细胞在大小、数量、排列顺序与连接方式上存在着细微差别，但是就心理-神经的相互关系而言，这些感官区域之间存在的明显的相似性远比它们之间的任何细微差异都更为令人注目。

【3s版本】

神经细胞的相似性比差异更引人注目。

GRE长难句解析:墨西哥裔美国人

Now we must also examine the culture as we Mexican Americans have experienced it, passing from a sovereign people to compatriots with newly arriving settlers to, finally, a conquered people—a charter minority on our own land.

【标识】

Now we must also examine the culture 1[as we Mexican Americans have experienced it], 2we passing 3{from a sovereign people to compatriots 4[with newly arriving settlers] to, finally, a conquered people}—a charter minority 5[on our own land].

【难点】

1. 长句。as引导的方式状语从句。

2. 无头句。passing from…on our own land省略主语we。

3. 长句。from…to…to…构成的平行结构。4. 介词结构倒装。with newly arriving settlers修饰compatriots。5. 介词结构倒装。on our own land修饰charter minority。

【译文】

现在，我们也必须用我们墨西哥裔美国人的经历来审视这个文化：我们本来是一个有主权的民族，接着变成了刚刚到此定居者的同胞，最后沦落为一个被征服的民族，变成了自己土地上的特许的少数派。

GRE

篇4：GRE阅读高频题型应对技巧讲解

GRE阅读高频题型应对技巧讲解主旨题和细节题高效做法分析

GRE阅读如何准确定位主题句?

1. 判断句(含情态动词，系动词，正负褒贬词的句子);

2. 概括文章将来结构。

GRE阅读主题句寻找技巧分享

应对主旨题细节题需学会找准主题句

如果考生在新GRE阅读题中掌握好了主题句判断方法，很多文章便可以很快把握文章的结构框架，帮助后面文章的理解。

GRE阅读练习每日一篇

Although pathogenic organisms constantly alight on the skin, they find it a very unfavorable environment and, in the absence of injury, have great difficulty colonizing it. This “self-sterilizing” capacity of the skin results from the tendency of all well-developed ecosystems toward homeostasis, or the maintenance of the status quo.

Species that typically live in soil, water, and elsewhere rarely multiply on the skin. Undamaged skin is also unfavorable to most human pathogens. The skin is too acid and too arid for some species. The constant shedding of the surface skin layers further hinders the establishment of invaders. The most interesting defense mechanism, however, results from the metabolic activities of the resident flora (resident flora: 聚居植物群). Unsaturated fatty acids, an important component of the lipids in sebum collected from the skin surface, inhibit the growth of several bacterial and fungal cutaneous pathogens. These acids are a metabolic product of certain gram-positive members of the cutaneous community, which break down the more complex lipids in freshly secreted sebum.

17. The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A) offer an analysis of metabolic processes

(B) detail the ways in which bacteria and fungi can be inhibited

(D) analyze the methods whereby biological systems maintain the status quo

(E) provide a specific example of the skin’s basic defenses against pathogens

18. The “resident flora” mentioned in line 16 refer to

(A) “Unsaturated fatty acids” (line 17)

(B) “sebum collected from the skin surface” (lines 18-19)

(D) “certain gram-positive members of the cutaneous community” (lines 21-22)

(E) “more complex lipids” (lines 23)

19. Among the natural defenses of the skin against pathogenic organisms are all of the following EXCEPT the

(A) dryness of the skin

(B) acidity of the skin

(D) shedding of surface layers of the skin

(E) metabolic breakdown of lipids

20. The author presents her material in which of the following ways?

(A) Stating a problem and then supplying a solution

(B) Presenting a phenomenon and then analyzing reason for it

(D) Making a general statement and then arguing by analogy

(E) Making an inference and then developing it by illustration

“Masterpieces are dumb,” wrote Flaubert, “They have a tranquil aspect like the very products of nature, like large animals and mountains.” He might have been thinking of War and Peace, that vast, silent work, unfathomable and simple, provoking endless questions through the majesty of its being. Tolstoi’s simplicity is “overpowering (overpowering: adj.无法抵抗的, 压倒性的),” says the critic Bayley, “disconcerting,” because it comes from “his casual assumption that the world is as he sees it.” Like other nineteenth-century Russian writers he is “impressive” because he “means what he says,” but he stands apart from all others and from most Western writers in his identity with life, which is so complete as to make us forget he is an artist. He is the center of his work, but his egocentricity is of a special kind. Goethe, for example, says Bayley, “cared for nothing but himself. Tolstoi was nothing but himself.”

For all his varied modes of writing and the multiplicity of characters in his fiction, Tolstoi and his work are of a piece (of a piece: adj.一致的). The famous “conversion” of his middle years, movingly recounted in his Confession, was a culmination of his early spiritual life, not a departure from it. The apparently fundamental changes that led from epic narrative to dogmatic parable, from a joyous, buoyant attitude toward life to pessimism and cynicism, from War and Peace to The Kreutzer Sonata, came from the same restless, impressionable depths of an independent spirit yearning to get at the truth of its experience. “Truth is my hero,” wrote Tolstoi in his youth, reporting the fighting in Sebastopol. Truth remained his hero—his own, not others’, truth. Others were awed by Napoleon, believed that a single man could change the destinies of nations, adhered to meaningless rituals, formed their tastes on established canons of art. Tolstoi reversed all preconceptions; and in every reversal he overthrew the “system,” the “machine,” the externally ordained belief, the conventional behavior in favor of unsystematic, impulsive life, of inward motivation and the solutions of independent thought.

In his work the artificial and the genuine are always exhibited in dramatic opposition: the supposedly great Napoleon and the truly great, unregarded (unregarded: adj.不受注意的) little Captain Tushin, or Nicholas Rostov’s actual experience in battle and his later account of it. The simple is always pitted against (be pitted against: 被置于与…的对抗中) the elaborate, knowledge gained from observation against assertions of borrowed faiths. Tolstoi’s magical simplicity is a product of these tensions; his work is a record of the questions he put to himself and of the answers he found in his search. The greatest characters of his fiction exemplify this search, and their happiness depends on the measure of their answers. Tolstoi wanted happiness, but only hard-won happiness, that emotional fulfillment and intellectual clarity which could come only as the prize of all-consuming effort. He scorned lesser satisfactions.

21. Which of the following best characterizes the author’s attitude toward Tolstoi?

(A) She deprecates the cynicism of his later works.

(B) She finds his theatricality artificial.

(D) She thinks his inconsistency disturbing.

(E) She respects his devotion to orthodoxy.

22. Which of the following best paraphrases Flaubert’s statement quoted in lines 1-4?

(A) Masterpiece seem ordinary and unremarkable from the perspective of a later age.

(B) Great works of art do not explain themselves to us any more than natural objects do.

(D) The most important aspects of good art are the orderliness and tranquility it reflects.

(E) Masterpieces which are of enduring value represent the forces of nature.

23. The author quotes from Bayley (line 8-20) to show that

(A) although Tolstoi observes and interprets life, he maintains no self-conscious distance from his experience

(B) the realism of Tolstoi’s work gives the illusion that his novels are reports of actual events

(D) although Tolstoi works casually and makes unwarranted assumption, his work has an inexplicable appearance of truth

(E) Tolstoi’s personal perspective makes his work almost unintelligible to the majority of his readers

24. The author states that Tolstoi’s conversion represented

(A) a radical renunciation of the world

(B) the rejection of avant-garde ideas

(D) the acceptance of religion he had earlier rejected

(E) a fundamental change in his writing style

25. According to the passage, Tolstoi’s response to the accepted intellectual and artistic values of his times was to

(A) select the most valid from among them

(B) combine opposing viewpoints into a new doctrine

(D) subvert them in order to defend a new political viewpoint

(E) upset them in order to be faithful to his experience

26. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is true of War and Peace?

(A) It belongs to an early period of Tolstoi’s work.

(B) It incorporates a polemic against the disorderliness of Russian life.

(D) It is a work that reflects an ironic view of life.

(E) It conforms to the standard of aesthetic refinement favored by Tolstoi’s contemporaries.

27. According to the passage, the explanation of Tolstoi’s “magical simplicity” (line 55) lies partly in his

(A) remarkable power of observation and his facility in exact description

(B) persistent disregard for conventional restraints together with his great energy

(D) abiding hatred of religious doctrine and preference for new scientism

(E) continuing attempt to represent the natural in opposition to the pretentious

答案：17-27：CDCBCBACEAE

GRE阅读长难句中译英练习

61.But,for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.

62. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment-although no one had proposed to do so--and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.

63. In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be “morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning”.

64. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo's life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.

65. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

61.[参考译文]但是，对一个小部分学生来说，职业教育也是条可取的路径。因为在其他因素相同的情况下，技能的娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。

62.[参考译文]他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的畜牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令.不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验--尽管还没有人建议这么做--他还请一个以普林斯顿大学校长哈罗得·夏皮罗为首的独立的专家组在90天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。

63.参考译文]在5月17日的会议上所讨论的这份建议书的序言草案中，夏皮罗提出，专家组已经达成广泛共识，那就是“试图通过成人细胞核克隆来制造人类幼儿的做法在道德上是不可接受的”。

64.[参考译文]因为现今的联邦法律已经禁止使用联邦基金克隆胚胎(人类后裔在出生前的最早阶段)用于研究或者有意地威胁胚胎的生命，NBAC在胚胎研究上将保持沉默。

65.[参考译文]如果试验是像科学杂志上的报告所示的那样如实地根据计划规划和实施的话，那么对管理层来说，期待研究能够产生可以用金钱衡量的结果是完全合理的。

GRE阅读高频题型应对技巧讲解

篇5：GRE阅读逻辑题型思维能力训练技巧

GRE逻辑阅读考试中有多少题?

首先，小编要为大家介绍一下GRE逻辑阅读的具体题型数量。在GRE每个语文VERBAL部分SECTION中，总计20道题目里有一半属于阅读题，常见形式是一篇长阅读附带3-4道题目，然后3篇左右的短阅读，每篇附带1-2题。而在这3篇短阅读中，必然会有至少一篇的逻辑阅读题。另外长阅读中的部分题目也可能以逻辑题的形式出现。因此逻辑题看似数量较少，但其实在阅读中的占分比例并不低。

GRE逻辑阅读重在考察思维能力

有人可能会提出疑问，GRE逻辑CR为什么要考批判性思维能力呢?所谓批判性思维能力，简单来说就是挑错找漏洞的能力。考GRE的考生，大多是为了申请研究生以上级别专业项目的深造。而到了这个级别的学术研究，往往需要大家自行查找和阅读大量书籍文章，收集各类信息。面对庞大复杂的各类专业内容，假如考生缺乏分析质疑发现漏洞的能力，对所有渠道来源的资料都照收不误，那么可能很快就会受到一些错误或者片面内容的影响，对于学术内容产生错误的认识和偏见，这对于大家提升学术能力是非常不利的。而批判性思维能力，能够帮助大家从各式消息中排除错误内容，筛选出真正有价值的可靠知识，从而让自己的学业深造得到提升。因此，考生是否具备足够应对处理大量学术知识的批判性思维能力，就成为了GRE考试考察的一大重点，这也正是GRE逻辑阅读体现其价值的地方。

篇6：GRE阅读逻辑题型思维能力训练技巧

那么考生应该如何训练出足以应对GRE逻辑阅读的批判思维能力呢?

大家首先需要明确的一点是，批判思维能力并不是某种特定的解题方法和技巧，而是更进一步的思维方式层面上的能力。这也就意味着考生仅靠大量做题的题海战术是不够的，因为做题只能提升你对解题方式的熟练度，于解题思维并无太大助益。真正有效的方式是通过日常的思维训练来进行加强。简单来说，就是带着批判质疑的观点来看待问题。以广告为例，日常生活中广告无处不在，这些广告大多都是打的感情牌，本身的逻辑往往存在不少漏洞。大家可以尝试着去用批判思维来看待这些广告，自己去寻找发现这些逻辑漏洞，对于其中的一些卖点如何加强、削弱等等。通过这种方式来提升自己的批判思维。多开动脑筋，把GRE逻辑阅读解题中的各种思路和方法都运用到生活中，不用多久你的批判思维能力就会得到显著提升，面对GRE逻辑阅读也会更加游刃有余。

多读课外读物也能锻炼逻辑思维

通过阅读来提升能力对于整个GRE语文VERBAL部分的考试来说都是通用的，而具体到不同题型则还是会有所区别。假如大家想要提升逻辑阅读的批判思维，那么就应该拓展课外阅读量，特别是要增加争议性文章内容的阅读。比如一些经济类政治类话题的公开讨论，双方发表的不同观点等，往往都有较大争议，互相辩驳相持不下。通过阅读涉及到这些内容的文章，考生也能够学习到不少逻辑思维方面的技巧，如何发现对立观点的逻辑漏洞，怎样加强己方观点的说服力，这些都有助于大家锻炼自己的批判思维能力。

逻辑思维有助GRE作文提分

众所周知，批判思维重点在于发现逻辑漏洞。而在GRE两篇作文中，Argument作文也是类似于对给出题材和观点进行辩驳攻击的驳论文。许多考生写不好Argument作文，正是因为缺乏批判思维，无法找到找准题目中最主要关键的各类逻辑漏洞。假如大家能够练好批判思维，那么在Argument作文的写作中，也能够更快发现问题，更为顺利地写好文章。练好批判思维，GRE作文同样受益匪浅。

GRE长难句解析:性别比例

That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. (难度系数5，下同)

译文：那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。GRE阅读难句训练方法倒装句的介绍!

a本句的正常语序应当是：That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendnts an individuall will have and hence the number of gene copies transmited will be favored.但是因为主语That sex ratio之后的以which引导的修饰它的定语从句，如果按照以上语序，则有头重脚轻之感。所以原文将此长长的从句倒装成谓语will be favored之后。

b在which引导的从句中，有两处省略：第一处在maximize的第一个宾语the number of descendants that an individuall will have中， an individuall will have是修饰descendants的定语从句，但是，因为descendants在从句中作have的宾语，所以引导词that可以省略。第二处省略是在第二个the number of 之前，省略了与前面一样的成分that sex ratio which maximizes. And hence在此表示后面的成分作为前面“最大化一个个体的后代的数目的”结果。

意群训练：That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.

GRE长难句解析:古代亚马逊人

If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons , it becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact –real Amazonian societies – but rather to offer “moral lessons” on the supposed outcome of women's rule in their own society . (4)

如果我们先研究一下为什么古人会提到亚马逊人，下面的一点就变得清晰了，那就是古希腊对于这种社会的庙睡不是太多的被用来表达观察的历史事实——真正的亚麻逊社会的——而是为了对于妇女在其社会中的统治的预期后果提供一种“道德教导”。

难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、抽象词

解释：有两个词汇需要先解释一下：something be meant to represent是use something to mean的被动语态。mean在这里不是常用的“……的意思是”的意思，而是表示做某事所表达的目的、意图，其英文释义为：to serve or intend to convey, show, or indicate.句中的结构为：something be meant not so much to,,, but rather to, 实际上是把be meant to和not rather 的两个固定搭配套在一起，意思是：不是为了……而是为了……

另外，suppose的意思很抽象，不容易理解。此词既有据信、被认为的意思，也有预期的意思，还有表示贬义的假想的被想当然的意思。

本句的supposed用法极其特殊，在此处的意思，用以上任何一个释义来理解居然都可以成立，既是在说一个预期的社会状态，又是在说一个虚构出来的、本来不存在的社会状态，其用法类似于中文中的一语双关，是文章作者自以为文笔精妙之处。

意群训练：If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons, it becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact- real Amazonian societies- but rather to offer“moral lessons” on the supposed outcome of women's rule in their own society.

英语阅读

篇7：考研数学根据题型找技巧

考研数学根据题型找技巧

对待考研数学，在掌握了相关概念和理论之后，首先应该自己试着去解题，即使做不出来，对基本概念和理论的理解也会深入一步。因为数学毕竟是个理解加运用的科目，不练习就永远无法熟练掌握。解不出来，再看书上的解题思路和指导，再想想，如果还是想不出来，最后再看书上的详细解答。看一道题怎么做出来不是最重要的东西，重要的是通过你自己的理解，能够在做题的过程中用到它。因此，在看完例题之后，切莫忘记要好好选两道习题来巩固一下。不要因一些难题贬低自己的自信心。

平时做题时要积累一些答题技巧。适当运用这些技巧，可以节约时间，提高答题速度。

比如，在做选择题的过程中就可以运用排除法，在解答考查抽象函数性质的有关题目时，可以用具体的函数形式来反证其中的三项是错误的，从而选择出正确的答案。再比如，在答题过程中合理利用函数的几何意义和物理意义也可能直接解题或成为解题的关键。但是不能过分强调并依赖这些技巧，否则就违背了数学的基本精神，也很难在考试中取得好的成绩。

做题时不要想当然。考生在考试的过程中，不可避免地会联想起自己在复习中做过的'类似题目，此时就应当更加注重条件的变化。有些问题常常是条件不变，结论发生变化，或者是条件变化，结论不变。如果忽略了条件的变化，作答的过程中就很可能会犯错。对于自己会做的题目要尽量得满分。在做解答题时不要漏步或跳步，不要因为平时复习的时候觉得做题很容易，中间的步骤就省略掉了。在阅卷的时候是有关键步骤关键分的。否则即使答案是正确的，却仅能得一半的分数，其中的原因就是跳步、漏步了。

还要注意提高自己的计算能力，保证运算的准确。比如在填空题时，就因为差一个符号，丢一个根号，这些很小的细节就导致4分就丢掉了。所以大家一定要养成一个好的习惯，拿到的数学题一定要有始有终把它算出来，这是一种计算能力的训练。

篇8：GRE阅读逻辑题型思维能力训练技巧讲解

那么考生应该如何训练出足以应对GRE逻辑阅读的批判思维能力呢?

多读课外读物也能锻炼逻辑思维

逻辑思维有助GRE作文提分

总而言之，考生如果想要确保GRE逻辑阅读题的得分，那么训练好批判思维就必不可少了。小编希望上文提到的这些训练方法技巧，能够给大家带来一些参考，帮助大家在备考中做好更为充分的准备，以顺利应对GRE逻辑阅读的挑战。

攻破新GRE逻辑阅读

Question 13 is based on the following reading passage.

In the past ten years, there have been several improvements in mountain-climbing equipment. These improvements have made the sport both safer and more enjoyable for experienced climbers. Despite these improvements, however, the rate of mountainclimbing injuries has doubled in the past ten years.

13. Which of the following, if true, best reconciles the apparent discrepancy presented in the passage?

(A) Many climbers, lulled into a false sense of security, use the new equipment to attempt climbing feats of which they are not capable.

(B) Some mountain-climbing injuries are caused by unforeseeable weather conditions.

(D) In the past ten years there have been improvements in mountain-climbing techniques as well as in mountain-climbing equipment.

(E) Although the rate of mountain-climbing injuries has increased, the rate of mountain-climbing deaths has not changed.

Explanation

In this question you are asked to identify the fact that would best reconcile the apparent discrepancy that the passage presents. The discrepancy is that despite improvements in mountain climbing equipment that have made climbing safer, the incidence of mountain-climbing injuries has greatly increased. Choice A explains how this could have happened — the improvements in equipment have led climbers to attempt feats that are beyond their level of skill. Therefore, Choice A is the correct answer.

None of the other choices provides information that resolves the discrepancy. Neither Choice B nor Choice C relates to conditions that have changed over the relevant ten-year period. Choices D and E do relate to the relevant period. But if, as Choice D says, techniques as well as equipment have improved, that fact by itself only makes the increase in injuries more puzzling. Choice E provides more data about the consequences of climbing accidents, but doesn’t suggest any explanation for the increase in injuries.

攻破新GRE逻辑阅读

At a certain period in Earth’s history, its atmosphere contained almost no oxygen, although plants were producing vast quantities of oxygen. As a way of reconciling these two facts, scientists have hypothesized that nearly all of the oxygen being produced was taken up by iron on Earth’s surface. Clearly, however, this explanation is inadequate. New studies show that the amount of iron on Earth’s surface was not sufficient to absorb anywhere near as much oxygen as was being produced. Therefore, something in addition to the iron on Earth’s surface must have absorbed much of the oxygen produced by plant life.

4. In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

(A) The first is a claim made by the argument in support of a certain position; the second is that position.

(B) The first is a judgment made by the argument about a certain explanation; the second is that explanation.

(C) The first expresses the argument’s dismissal of an objection to the position it seeks to establish; the second is that position.

(D) The first sums up the argument’s position with regard to a certain hypothesis; the second provides grounds for that position.

(E) The first is a concession by the argument that its initial formulation of the position it seeks to establish requires modification; the second presents that position in a modified form.

Explanation

The passage presents an argument and the question asks you to identify the role the portions highlighted in boldface play in that argument. The first step in responding is to read through the passage quickly to get an understanding of what is being said. Then it is possible to go back and assess how the parts of the passage fit together into an argument.

In this passage the first sentence presents two pieces of information that seem to be in conflict — the atmosphere contained almost no oxygen even though plants were producing so much of it. The second sentence presents a hypothetical explanation that has been proposed for reconciling the discrepancy — that oxygen was absorbed by iron. The next sentence calls this hypothetical explanation inadequate and the following sentence gives a reason for that judgment — that there was insufficient iron for the proposed explanation to work. Finally, the last sentence draws the conclusion that there must have been something in addition to iron to absorb the oxygen.

Since the highlighted portions in the passage represent the main content of the third and fourth sentences, the task in this question is to find the answer choice whose two parts fit those sentences’ roles. It can be seen that answer Choice D fits the requirement: the third sentence does sum up the argument’s position about a hypothesis, and the fourth sentence gives grounds for the third. Therefore Choice D is the correct answer.

攻破新GRE逻辑阅读

During the day in Lake Constance, the zooplankton D. hyalina departs for the depths where food is scarce and the water cold. D. galeata remains near the warm surface where food is abundant. Even though D. galeata grows and reproduces much faster, its population is often outnumbered by D. hyalina.

Which of the following, if true, would help resolve the apparent paradox presented above?

(A) The number of species of zooplankton living at the bottom of the lake is twice that of species living at the surface.

(B) Predators of zooplankton, such as whitefish and perch, live and feed near the surface of the lake during the day.

(D) D. galeata clusters under vegetation during the hottest part of the day to avoid the Sun’s rays.

(E) D. galeata produces twice as many offspring per individual in any given period of time as does D. hyalina.

Description

The paragraph presents an apparent paradox: the zooplankton that spends the day in less hospitable conditions often outnumbers the one that stays in more hospitable conditions.

Explanation

The presence of predators of zooplankton feeding near the surface during the day would suggest that D. galeata is consumed at a higher rate than D. hyalina: this would explain why D. hyalina is often more numerous, so Choice B is correct. Choices C and E are incorrect because although they help to explain why the two zooplankton reproduce at different rates, they do not help to resolve the apparent paradox. Choices A and D are incorrect because nothing is said in the paragraph to show the relevance of the presence of other species of zooplankton, nor of the habit of clustering under vegetation, to the relative population size of the two species.

攻破新GRE逻辑阅读

A study found that 70 percent of children surveyed in 1970 had at one time had cavities, whereas only 50 percent of those surveyed in 1985 had ever had cavities. The researchers concluded that the level of dental disease in children had declined between 1970 and 1985.

Which of the following, if true, would most seriously undermine the researchers' conclusion presented above?

(A) Cavities are the most common kind of dental disease to which children are subject.

(B) The children surveyed came from a broad variety of income backgrounds.

(D) The accuracy of cavity detection techniques has improved dramatically since 1970.

(E) The children surveyed in 1985 were younger on average than those surveyed in 1970.

★ GRE数学考试中的这些特殊题型你会做吗