动词语态考点大观园（锦集6篇）由网友“的的”投稿提供，以下是小编整理过的动词语态考点大观园，欢迎阅读分享，希望对您有所帮助。
篇1：动词语态考点大观园
四川省乐至中学 张与刚
英语语态用来表示主语和谓语之间的关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。如果主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者就用主动语态，反之，如果主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者，则用被动语态。另外非谓语动词也有主动和被动形式。语态的考查是历年高考题命题的热点。从近几年命题看，主要从以下几个方面进行命题。
一、结合动词的基本时态
近几年对大纲要求的几种基本时态的被动语态都有考查，首先我们弄清句子主语和谓语动词之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系，掌握每一种基本时态的被动语态结构，才能在考试中少失分。
（一）考查一般现在时的被动语态
【考例】
（1）Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _______ the Pacific, and we met no storms. （辽宁）
A．was called B．is called
C．had been called D．has been called
（2）The number of deaths form heart disease will be reduced greatly it people _______ to eat more fruit and vegetables. （上海）
A. persuadeB. will persuade
C. be persuaded D. are persuaded
【点拨】考例（1）定语从句中表达的是客观事实，现行词和定语从句之间是动宾关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。考例（2）主句是一般将来时，其后条件状语从句应用一般现在时表示将来，从句主语和谓语之间是动宾关系，故也用一般现在时的被动语态，选BD。
(二)考查现在进行时的被动语态
【考例】
（3）With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _________ each year. （2005山东）
A. is washing away B. is being washed away
C. are washing away D. are being washed away
【点拨】此题考查了时态、语态和主谓一致两个方面。从前面的with复合结构可以看出句子应用现在进行时，earth和wash away之间是动宾关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态。（huge）quantities of 作定语修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词与quantities保持一致，用复数，与所修饰的名词无关，，故选D。
（三）考查现在完成时的被动语态
【考例】
（4）Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ___________by a storm which swept across the north of England last nigh. （2005重庆）
A．has been caused B．had been caused
C．will be causedD．will have been caused
【点拨】考例（4）强调对现在的影响或结果，damage是不可数名词，谓语动词只能用第三人称单数，和cause之间是动宾关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，故选A。
（四）考查将来完成时的被动语态
【考例】
（5）The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ______ by . （2004北京）
A. has been completed B. has completed
C. will have been completed D. will have completed
【点拨】从介词短语by 2006可以看出该题表示将来某个时间要完成的动作，construction work和动词complete之间是动宾关系，故用将来完成时的被动语态，选C。
（五）考查一般将来时的被动语态
【考例】
(6) Only when your identity has been checked ,____ .（上海）
A．you are allowed in B．you will be allowed in
C．will you allow in D．will you be allowed in
【点拨】时间状语从句是一般现在时，主句应用一般将来时，主语和谓语之间是动宾关系，only跟时间状语从句或介词短语时，句子要用倒装语序，故选D。
（六）考查过去完成时的被动语态
【考例】
（7）The policeman’s attention was suddenly caught by a small box which ______ placed under the Minister’s car. （2005广东）
A. has beenB. was being C. had been D. would be
【点拨】考例（7）从主句可以看出，place这个动作发生在主句动词catch所表示的动作之前，先行词和place之间是动宾关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态，选C。
（七）考查一般过去时的被动语态
【考例】
（8）More than a dozen students in that school _________ abroad to study medicine last year. （2005上海）
A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent
（9）-Why did you leave that position? （2005北京）
-I __________ a better position at IBM.
A. offer B. offeredC. am offered D. was offered
【点拨】考例（8）中有明显的过去时间状语last year,考例（9）虽然没有明显的时间状语，但从问句的时态可以看出，offer这动作也是发生在过去，两考例中的主语和谓语动词之间都是动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，选BD。
二、get+过去分词构成的被动语态
英语中除了be+及物动词构成被动语态外，get+过去分词也可以构成被动语态，但也要注意有时也可以表示某种状态，而非被动。
【考例】
(10) Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may ______run over by a car. (北京)
A. haveB. get C. become D. turn
（11）Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to _________before the party.(2004全国卷二)
A. get changed B. get change
C. get changing D. get to change
【点拨】考例（10）中四个选项中只有B项的get可以和后面的过去分词短语run over构成被动语态；考例（11）中主语和get changed之间不构成被动关系，故选BA。
三、结合非谓语动词的语态
非谓语动词虽然不能在句中充当谓语动词，但是它们具有动词的特点，除过去分词本身含有被动含义，其他的几个形式也有被动形式。
（一）考查动词不定式的被动语态
【考例】
（12）All these gifts must be mailed immediately _______ in time for Christmas. （2005辽宁）
A．in order to have received B．in order to receive
C．so as to be received D．so as to be receiving
（13）-Is bob still performing? （2005江苏）
-I’m afraid not. He is said ________ the stage already as he has become an official.
A. to have left B. to leave
C. to have been left D. to be left
【点拨】考例（11）中不定式中的动词receive和句子主语之间是动宾关系，没有先后顺序，直接用动词不定式的一般式的被动形式，考例（12）中动词不定式所表示的动作与句子谓语动词所表示的动作有明显的先后顺序，和句子主语之间是主谓关系，故用动词不定式的完成式，选CA。
（二）考查现在分词的被动语态
【考例】
（14） __________ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. （2005湖北）
A. Being separated B. Having separated
C. Having been separated D. To be separated
【点拨】该考例是考查现在分词完成式的被动语态，表示separate这动作已经完成，而A项表示正进行，D项有表将来的含义，B项表示主动，故选C。
（三）考查动名词的被动语态
【考例】
（15）He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk __________ the good opportunity. （2005上海）
A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost
(16)Tony was very unhappy for __________ to the party. (2002上海)
A. having not been invited B. not having invited
C. having not invited D. not having been invited
【点拨】考例（14）中risk跟动名词作宾语，lose和主语he之间是主谓关系，故用动名词的一般式。考例（15）中invite这动作发生在“不高兴”之前，和主语之间是动宾关系，故用动名词的完成被动式，其否定形式是在动名词前加not或never,故选BD。
四、结合被动语态的省略形式
在when, while, if, unless, though等引导的时间、条件或让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，从句又含有be动词时，常可以省略从句的主语和be动词。
【考例】
(17) When_______ help, one often says “ Thank you. ” or “ It’ s kind of you. ” （2005福建）
A．offering B．to offer C．to be offered D．offered
【点拨】从句主语和主句一致，而且和offer之间是动宾关系，故可以省略从句的主语和be动词is,选D。
五、结合复合宾语结构
一些感官动词和使役动词后可以用过去分词来表示宾语和过去分词所表示的动作之间存在的动宾关系。
【考例】
(18) Helen had to shout______ above the sound of the music. （2004全国III）
A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard
(19) You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it _________often enough. （2005天津）
A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained
【点拨】考例（17）（18）中都出现了使役动词后接宾语，再接过去分词作宾补的情况，宾语和过去分词之间都是被动关系，故选DD。
六、结合特殊动词的语态和时态
（一）有些不及物动词可以用主动形式表示被动含义，常和副词well, easily, badly等搭配，如： read, sell, wash等。
【考例】
（20）Books of this kind _______well.(上海)
A. sell B. sellsC. are sold D. is sold
【点拨】sell表示“卖，销售”时是及物动词，表示“销路好，畅销”时是不及物动词，常和副词well等，用主动形式表示被动含义，该句的主语是books，不是kind,谓语动词用复数，故选A。
（二）作为连系动词的smell, feel, taste, sound等，其后常跟形容词作表语，不用于被动语态。
【考例】
(21）I don’t want ________ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. （2005天津）
A. to sound B. to be sounded
C. sounding D. to have sounded
(22) Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will________ fresh for several days.（NMET2003）
A．be stayedB．stay
C．be staying D．have stayed
【点拨】考例（21）中sound表示“听起来”时，是连系动词，常跟形容词或介词短语作表语，不用被动语态；考例（22）stay表示“保持……的状态”时，也是连系动词，不用被动语态，故选AB。
（三）有些动词如，need, require, want,或形容词短语be worth 等其后常跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。
【考例】
(23)There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____ road conditions need____. （2003上海
A．that …to be improved B．which …to be improved
C．where…improvingD．when…improving
【点拨】该题是that引导的分隔性同位语从句，从句的谓语动词need可以跟动名词的主动形式作宾语，也可以直接跟动词不定式的被动形式作宾语，故选A。
（四）有些非谓语动词短语be to blame(受责备), be to let（出租）等可以用主动形式表示被动含义。
【考例】
（24）I feel it is your husband who __________ for the spoiled child. (2002上海)
A. is to blame B. is going to blame
C. is to be blamed D. should blame
【点拨】这是一个强调句，强调句子主语，题意是“我感觉到你的丈夫应该因那宠坏了孩子而受到责备。”be to blame是一个固定的非谓语动词短语，只用主动形式表示被动含义。
【实战演练】
1. After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment________. （2005北京春）
A. is damaged B. had damaged
C. damaged D. was damaged
2. I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard.________? （2005北京春）
A. Has it all been finished B. Was it all finished
C. Has it all finished D. Did it all finish
3. More patients ___________ in hospital this year than last year. （2004江苏）
A. treated B. have treated
C. had been treated D. have been treated
4. - The window is dirty. （2004广西）
- I know. It_____ for weeks.
A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean
C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned
5. -George and Lucy got married last week . Did you go to their wedding? （2004湖北）
-No, I ___________ . Did they have a big wedding?
A．was not invited B．have not been invited
C．hadn’t been invited D．didn’t invite
6. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945，and their power ______ increased enormously ever since. （2004上海）
A. is B. was C. has been D. had been
7. According to the art dealer, the painting______ to go for at least a million dollars. （2004全国II）
A is expected B expects C expected D is expecting
8. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only________ the film stars had left. （2004福建）
A．to tell B．to be told C．telling D．told
9. ____________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. （2004湖北）
A．Compare B．When comparing
C．Comparing D．When compared
10. The flu is believed _______ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. （2004上海）
A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. be have caused
11. When first______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. （2004全国II）
A. introducing B. introducedC. introduce D. being introduced
12. Hundreds of jobs _________if the factory closes. (北京春招)
A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose
13. -Do you like the material? (1994NMET)
-Yes, it _________very soft.
A. is feeling B. feltC. feels D. is felt
14. A new cinema ________here. They hope to finish it next month. (2001北京春招)
A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built
15. Rainforests _________and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in near future.（2002上海春招）
A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut
答案解析：
1. D.根据从句谓语动词可以看出主句应该用一般过去时，主语和谓语动词之间是动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
2. A．强调现在的结果，故用现在完成时的被动语态。
3. D．根据题意可以看出是强调现在的情况，故用现在完成时的被动语态。
4. D．根据上下文语境可以看出是强调现在的情况，故用现在完成时的被动语态。
5. C．根据上下文语境可以看出，表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时的被动语态。
6. C.从ever since（自从那时以来）可以看出应用现在完成时，主语和谓语之间是动宾关系，故选C。
7. A．从所给的四个选项可以排除后三个选项，主语和谓语之间是动宾关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
8. B.动词不定式表结果状语，具有偶然性，现在分词作结果状语表示必然性，句子主语和不定式所表示的动作是动宾关系，故选B。
9. D．在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，如果从句和主句主语一致，而且从句含有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，故选D。
10. C．动词不定式作主语补语。不定式所表示的动作和句子主语之间是动宾关系，故选C。
11. B．动词不定式在状语从句中的省略，省略了主语和be动词，故选B。
12. B．条件状语从句是一般现在时，故主句应用一般将来时，主语和谓语之间是动宾关系，故选B。
13. C．feel是连系动词，用主动形式表被动含义。
14. D．从后文的next month可以看出电影院还未完工，故用现在进行时的被动语态，选D。
15. C．从结果状语从句的时态可以看出，热带雨林还没砍完，只是正在减少，故用现在进行时的被动语态。
篇2：动词的时态和语态考点追踪
作者：籍万杰
动词的时态和语态一直是每年高考测试的重点内容之一,也是同学们学习中的难点。本文结合高考试题,对动词的时态和语态的热点问题进行分析,以帮助大家攻克这一难关。
一、考查几种易混时态的用法比较
1. 一般现在时和现在进行时的用法比较
一般现在时用来说明客观事实及强调动作的永恒性或反复性;而现在进行时表示此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作,含有暂时性和未完成性。常与一般现在时连用的时间状语有often, always, usually, never, seldom等;常与现在进行时连用的时间状语有now, right now, at present, at this moment等。有些时候,题干中并不直接出现时间状语,而是提供一定的语境,考查考生对语境的理解和对时态的把握能力。
[原题再现]
① -What's that terrible noise?
-The neighbors ________ for a party.
A. have prepared B. are preparing
C. prepare D. will prepare
② -You're drinking too much.
-Only at home. No one ______ me but you.
A. is seeing B. had seen C. sees D. saw
答案: ① B ② C
2. 一般过去时和过去进行时的用法比较
一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,往往侧重动作已完成;而过去进行时则表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作,强调动作的持续过程,该动作往往未完成。
[原题再现]
① -I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.
-Oh, how nice! Do you know when she ________?
A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left
② - Has Sam finished his homework today?
-I have no idea. He ________ it this morning.
A. did
B. has done
C. was doing
D. had done
答案: ① D ② C
3. 一般过去时和现在完成时的用法比较
一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态,可与表示确切过去时间的状语连用;而现在完成时表示过去某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,不能与确切的表示过去的时间状语连用。
[原题再现]
① The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power ________ increased enormously ever since.
A. is B. was C. has been D. had been
② She ________her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.
A. would change B. has changed
C. changed D. was changing
答案: ① C ② C
4. 一般过去时和过去完成时的用法比较
一般过去时表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态,而过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态,即“过去的过去”。当强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时,常用过去完成时。
[原题再现]
① My mind wasn't on what he was saying so I'm afraid I ________ half of it.
A. was missing B. had missed
C. will miss D. missed
② -George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?
-No, I ________ . Did they have a big wedding?
A. was not invited B. have not been invited
C. hadn't been invited D. didn't invite
答案: ① D ② C
5. 完成时和完成进行时的用法比较
完成时表示动作已完成,着重结果;完成进行时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在或过去某一时刻,该动作还在持续。
[原题再现]
The crazy fans ________patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.
A. were waiting
B. had been waiting
C. had waited D. would wait
答案: B
二、考查时态使用的一些特殊场合
1. 表示说话人始料未及的事情,要用一般过去时。
[原题再现]
-Oh, it's you! I ________ you.
-I've just had my hair cut, and I'm wearing new glasses.
A. didn't recognize
B. hadn't recognized
C. haven't recognized
D. don't recognize
答案: A
2. 某些表示瞬间动作的动词如come, go, start, leave, return, take, arrive等与进行时连用时, 表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作。
[原题再现]
-What were you doing when Tony phoned you ?
- I had just finished my work and ________to take a shower.
A. had started B. started
C. have started
D. was starting
答案: D
篇3：动词的时态和语态
动词的时态 --- 基本概念 5. 现在进行时和过去进行时 基本概念: 指目前(一点或一段时间) / 过去(一点或一段时间)正在发生的动作. 例句 1. I don’t really work here. I ____ until the new secretary _______. A. just help out; comes B. have just helped out; will come C. am just helping out; comes D. will just help out; has come (正确选项 C, 指目前一段时间正在发生的动作, until 引导的是时间状语从句,动词需用一般现在时.) 2. --- When shall we leave? --- As soon as I ______ what I _______. A. will finish; do B. have finished, am doing C. finish, will do D. finish, do (正确选项B, as soon as 从句前省略了主句, 时间状语从句中动词强调将来的结果用现在完成时; what I am dong 指目前正在做的事.) 3. At that time he _____ in the library. A. worked B. had worked C. was working D. would work (正确选项C, was working 指 at that time 正在发生的行为.) 4. The students ____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she____in the office. A. were working; had left B. worked; left C. had worked; left D. were working; would leave (正确选项A, 句中went 是说话人给定的时间, work 和leave发生的时间都要看它们与went 的时间关系, work 与went动作同时发生, 强调正在做,用过去进行时; leave 在went之前发生, 应用过去完成时.) 5. --- Hey, look where you are going! --- Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _______. A. I’m not noticing. B. I wasn’t noticing. C. I haven’t noticed. D. I don’t notice. E. I didn’t notice. F. I won’t notice. (正确选项B, 对话的后者显然是在解释刚才不小心冒犯对方时正在做的事情.) 6. 一般过去时和过去进行时 比较下列句子： * I wrote a letter yesterday. （信写完了） * I was writing a letter yesterday. （一直在写信，但不一定写完了） * I was writing a letter when he came in. (他进来时，我正在写) 从以上例句可以看出，一般过去时常常用来表示过去的一个有结果的动作，而过去进行时1）强调动作在某一时刻正在发生2）动作在过去一段时间内一直在发生，无论哪一种情况都不强调动作的结果。再如： *He ______ a book about China last year, but I don’t know if he ______ it. wrote; has finished B. was writing; has finished C. was writing; had finished D. wrote; will finish 正确选项为B. 从I don’t know if he has finished it. 推断，他去年正在写。 * Tom ________ into the house when no one ___________. A. slipped; was noticing B. had slipped; noticed C. slipped; had noticed D. was slipping; noticed 正确选项为A. slip和notice 为同时发生的动作，因此B、C为错误选项，slipped指过去有结果的动作（他溜进去了），when no one was noticing 指他溜进去的一刹那发生的情况（没有人注意）。 * As she ________ the newspaper, Granny _________ asleep. A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell was reading; was falling D. read; fell 正确选项为B(道理同上)。 * The last time I _________ Jane she __________ cotton in the fields. A. had seen; was picking B. saw; picked C. had seen; picked D. saw; was picking 正确选项为D(道理同上)。 7. 过去完成时 基本概念: A) 表过去某一时间以前有结果的行为 * She said she had seen the film. 这里需要注意的是，had seen 一定是发生在said之前的行为，而不是之后。 再如： * The old man _____ two days after he had been sent to hospital. A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died 正确选项为A, 因为died是发生在had been sent to hospital之后而不是之前的行为；died 是站在现在时间角度看过去，是强调过去发生了的事情，而不是强调现在如何，因此D错，B错（过去将来时是站在过去的时间角度看过去的将来）。 * Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon ______ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned 正确选项为A(道理同上)。 B) 表延续到过去某一时间的行为 * She said she had been a doctor for 20 years. C) 表过去某一时间以前未曾实现的愿望或打算 * I _____ my son _____ a doctor, but he wasn’t good enough at science. A. hoped; would become B. had hoped; would become C. had hoped; will become D. hope; will become 正确选项为B。 * I _____ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away. A. hope B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped 正确选项为C。 8. 过去将来时 基本概念: 表过去某一时间之后将要发生的行为（过去的将来）。 * We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office soon. A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left
正确选项为B。
* She said she ___(leave) the next morning.
答案可以是：A. would leave B. was leaving C. was going to leave
由此可以看出, 我们在一般将来时中讨论的将来时的多种形式均可灵活地运用于过去将来时中。
9. 将来完成时
基本概念:
在讨论了现在完成时和过去完成时之后，我们应该认识到：完成时的概念其实就是两条1）表结果 2）表延续 ，站在现在时间角度看，就是现在完成时；时间移到过去就是过去完成是；时间移至将来就是将来完成时，因此，将来完成时
A) 表到将来某一时间前要完成的行为
* By the end of they will have built the factory.
* We will have finished the work before she arrives tonight.
B) 表延续到将来某一时间的行为
* I will have been a teacher for 20 years by the end of next year.
动词的被动语态
以上我们讨论了动词主动语态的各种时态，与主动语态一样，被动语态也有相同的各种时态。因此，我们只要关注被动语态的某些特殊用法就可以了。
被动语态的某些特殊用法
A. 有些及物动词有时形式上为主动, 表达主语的特性或特征
* The kind of cloth washes well.
* The book sells / writes well.
* Your hands feel cold.
篇4：动词的时态和语态
高中英语语法复习应围绕两大主题展开, 第一: 从句部分(定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)；第二：动词部分（动词的时态和语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、虚拟、倒装），其中前三部分为复习的重点。
动词的时态 --- 基本概念
1. 一般现在时
例句1 --- You’re drinking too much.
--- Only at home. No one ___ me but you.
A. is seeing B. has seen C. sees D. saw
正确选项为C, 说话人此时指目前一个经常性的行为。
例句2 I bought a radio here yesterday, but it ______ work.
A. didn’t B. doesn’t C. won’t D. can’t
正确选项为B, 说话人此时强调的不是动作发生的时间，而是东西的性质，即收音机的质量不好。
基本概念: 指经常性的行为或强调东西的特性，而忽略时间概念。
特殊用法: 主句为一般将来时，状语从句要用一般现在时（如强调动作的结果，可用现在完成时）。
例句1 I’ll tell him when he comes back.
2 We’ll go out if we are free tomorrow.
3 Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
4. Please tell me as soon as you have finished it.
(注意：主句是祈使句时，动作还没有发生，因此看成一般将来时。)
2. 一般将来时
基本形式:
A. will (shall) do B. be going to do
两种形式有时可以互换，但A 更强调意愿；B更强调计划和安排。
例句1 --- You’ve left the light on.
--- Oh, so I have. I’ll go and turn it off.
2 I’m going to fly to Shanghai tomorrow.
其它可表将来时的形式
1) 表运动动词 ( come; go; leave; arrive, …) 的进行时--- 表计划或安排
* He’s arriving tomorrow.
2) be to do --- 表计划或安排
* We are to meet at the station at six tonight.
3) be about to do … --- “… 马上就要…”
* The train is about to leave.
be about to do … when… --- “ 正要… 突然…”
* He was about to leave when the telephone rang. (此句为过去将来时。)
3. 一般过去时和现在完成时
以上两种时态是时态部分难点，首先，为什么要将这两种时态放在一起讨论？
例句：1. Who put forward the suggestion?
2. When did he leave?
3. She often came to help us. （他过去常来帮我们。）
4. I didn’t know you were so busy. （我没想到你这么忙。）
以上各句中用的都是一般过去时，显然，说话的人是强调过去某时发生的动作或情况。
5. How many pages have you covered today?
6. I haven’t seen him for many days.
7. I’ve always walked to work.
8. The students have already left.
9. The city has taken on a new look.
10. Thank you. I’ve had my supper.
以上各句用的都是现在完成时，可以看出，与一般过去时一样，现在完成时所表示的动作也是发生在过去（说话以前），但它强调的是：
1）动作从过去持续到说话这一时刻（例5---7）
2）过去的动作对现状有某种影响（例8---10），说话人强调的是现在如何。
注意在现在完成时的第一种用法中，时间状语常用for…; since…短语（从句）
如：We haven’t seen each other for many years./ since he left 10 years ago.
此时（主句）谓语动词不能用非延续性动词。如：
* He has left home for many years.（错误）
* He has been away from home for many years. (正确)
* He has died since 1990. （错误）
* He has been dead since 1990.(正确)
两种时态的比较练习:
1. --- Where __you __ (put) the book? I can’t see it anywhere.
--- I ___(put) it right here. But now it’s gone.
A. did ; put; put B. have; put; put C. did; put; have put D. have; put; have put
2. We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _______ to her?
A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened
3. Hello, I ____ you were in London. How long _________ here?
A. don’t know; were you B. hadn’t known; are you
C. haven’t known; are D. didn’t know; have you been
4. I’m glad to tell you that we _____ the work in less time than we _____ expected to.
A. finished; were B. have finished; are
C. have finished; were D. had finished; were
5. It _____ that pleasant music keeps people from becoming tired at their work.
A. finds B. has found C. was found D. has been found
6. When I was at college I _______ three foreign language but I ________ all except a few words of each.
A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten
C. had spoken; had forgotten C. had spoken; have forgotten
Key:
1. B 前者强调的是 I can’t find it anywhere (now), 因此用现在完成时;后者强调的是I put it right here(just now).
2. C 说话者强调Jane 目前的状况.
3. D didn’t know 强调见面前原不知道.
4. C 全句含义为 “我们现在已经比预期的(强调过去)提前完成任务( 强调现在).
5. D 为被动语态的现在完成时, 强调that 从句的内容现在已被发现,为人所知.
6. B 注意when I was at college 是指过去的某一时间,动词应用一般过去时; I have forgotten 是指现在的情况.
4. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时
I’ve been sitting here all afternoon.
现在完成进行时强调动作从过去持续到现在,而且目前还在进行。
这里需要注意两点：
1）有少数动词（如：work, study, live, teach等）用现在完成时和现在完成进行时的意思是无大的区别的， 如：
* They have lived / have been living here all their lives.
* She has worked / has been working here for eight years.
在强调动作延续时间的长久时，用现在完成进行时更多些, 如：
2）大多数动词现在完成时强调动作的结果；现在完成进行时强调动作的延续，
* I’ve been writing an article. (还在写)
* I’ve written an article. (已完成)
练习：
1. --- Hi, Tracy, you look tired. “
--- I am tired. I _______ the living room all day.
A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted
2. --- Have you had any letters from him?
--- No, I haven’t, but my wife _______ him regularly .
A. has heard from B. has been hearing from
C. had heard from D. hears
Key: 1. C (强调动作从过去到现在的延续，而非动作的结果)
2. B ( 非强调结果，A错；不是指目前一般的情况，D错；是指从过去延续到现在的情况，故B对。)
动词的时态和语态(2) 动词的时态 --- 基本概念 5. 现在进行时和过去进行时 基本概念: 指目前(一点或一段时间) / 过去(一点或一段时间)正在发生的动作. 例句 1. I don’t really work here. I ____ until the new secretary _______. A. just help out; comes B. have just helped out; will come C. am just helping out; comes D. will just help out; has come (正确选项 C, 指目前一段时间正在发生的动作, until 引导的是时间状语从句,动词需用一般现在时.) 2. --- When shall we leave? --- As soon as I ______ what I _______. A. will finish; do B. have finished, am doing C. finish, will do D. finish, do (正确选项B, as soon as 从句前省略了主句, 时间状语从句中动词强调将来的结果用现在完成时; what I am dong 指目前正在做的事.) 3. At that time he _____ in the library. A. worked B. had worked C. was working D. would work (正确选项C, was working 指 at that time 正在发生的行为.) 4. The students ____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she____in the office. A. were working; had left B. worked; left C. had worked; left D. were working; would leave (正确选项A, 句中went 是说话人给定的时间, work 和leave发生的时间都要看它们与went 的时间关系, work 与went动作同时发生, 强调正在做,用过去进行时; leave 在went之前发生, 应用过去完成时.) 5. --- Hey, look where you are going! --- Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _______. A. I’m not noticing. B. I wasn’t noticing. C. I haven’t noticed. D. I don’t notice. E. I didn’t notice. F. I won’t notice. (正确选项B, 对话的后者显然是在解释刚才不小心冒犯对方时正在做的事情.) 6. 一般过去时和过去进行时 比较下列句子： * I wrote a letter yesterday. （信写完了） * I was writing a letter yesterday. （一直在写信，但不一定写完了） * I was writing a letter when he came in. (他进来时，我正在写) 从以上例句可以看出，一般过去时常常用来表示过去的一个有结果的动作，而过去进行时1）强调动作在某一时刻正在发生2）动作在过去一段时间内一直在发生，无论哪一种情况都不强调动作的结果。再如： *He ______ a book about China last year, but I don’t know if he ______ it. wrote; has finished B. was writing; has finished C. was writing; had finished D. wrote; will finish 正确选项为B. 从I don’t know if he has finished it. 推断，他去年正在写。 * Tom ________ into the house when no one ___________. A. slipped; was noticing B. had slipped; noticed C. slipped; had noticed D. was slipping; noticed 正确选项为A. slip和notice 为同时发生的动作，因此B、C为错误选项，slipped指过去有结果的动作（他溜进去了），when no one was noticing 指他溜进去的一刹那发生的情况（没有人注意）。 * As she ________ the newspaper, Granny _________ asleep. A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell was reading; was falling D. read; fell 正确选项为B(道理同上)。 * The last time I _________ Jane she __________ cotton in the fields. A. had seen; was picking B. saw; picked C. had seen; picked D. saw; was picking 正确选项为D(道理同上)。 7. 过去完成时 基本概念: A) 表过去某一时间以前有结果的行为 * She said she had seen the film. 这里需要注意的是，had seen 一定是发生在said之前的行为，而不是之后。 再如： * The old man _____ two days after he had been sent to hospital. A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died 正确选项为A, 因为died是发生在had been sent to hospital之后而不是之前的行为；died 是站在现在时间角度看过去，是强调过去发生了的事情，而不是强调现在如何，因此D错，B错（过去将来时是站在过去的时间角度看过去的将来）。 * Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon ______ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned 正确选项为A(道理同上)。 B) 表延续到过去某一时间的行为 * She said she had been a doctor for 20 years. C) 表过去某一时间以前未曾实现的愿望或打算 * I _____ my son _____ a doctor, but he wasn’t good enough at science. A. hoped; would become B. had hoped; would become C. had hoped; will become D. hope; will become 正确选项为B。 * I _____ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away. A. hope B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped 正确选项为C。 8. 过去将来时 基本概念: 表过去某一时间之后将要发生的行为（过去的将来）。 * We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office soon. A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left
正确选项为B。
* She said she ___(leave) the next morning.
答案可以是：A. would leave B. was leaving C. was going to leave
由此可以看出, 我们在一般将来时中讨论的将来时的多种形式均可灵活地运用于过去将来时中。
9. 将来完成时
基本概念:
在讨论了现在完成时和过去完成时之后，我们应该认识到：完成时的概念其实就是两条1）表结果 2）表延续 ，站在现在时间角度看，就是现在完成时；时间移到过去就是过去完成是；时间移至将来就是将来完成时，因此，将来完成时
A) 表到将来某一时间前要完成的行为
* By the end of 2000 they will have built the factory.
* We will have finished the work before she arrives tonight.
B) 表延续到将来某一时间的行为
* I will have been a teacher for 20 years by the end of next year.
动词的被动语态
以上我们讨论了动词主动语态的各种时态，与主动语态一样，被动语态也有相同的各种时态。因此，我们只要关注被动语态的某些特殊用法就可以了。
被动语态的某些特殊用法
A. 有些及物动词有时形式上为主动, 表达主语的特性或特征
* The kind of cloth washes well.
* The book sells / writes well.
* Your hands feel cold.
动词的时态和语态(3) --- 基本概念检测
(动词的时态和语态)
Choose the right answer
1. They _____ friends since they met in Shanghai.
A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have had
2. The secretary is going to report to the manager as soon as he ______.
A. will arrive B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arriving
3. We all know that ice ______.
A. feel cold B. is felt sold C. is feeling cold D. feels cold
4. ---This cloth _____ well and _____ long.
--- OK. I’ll take it.
A. washes ; lasts B. is washed; lasted
C. washes, is lasted D. is washing, lasting
5. ---Is this raincoat yours?
--- No, mine ______ there behind the door.
A. is hanging B. hangs C. has been hanged D. hung
6. Helen _____ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _____ home.
A. has left; comes B. left; had come
C. had left; came D. had left; would come
7. It _____ every day so far this week.
A. is raining B. rained C. rains D. has been raining
8. In ancient days （古代）the earth ______ to be flat.
A. is believed B. was believed C. has believed D. believed
9. --- Are you going to the movies tonight?
--- Yes, I ______ my work by that time.
A. will finish B. finish C. am going to finish D. will have finished
10. --- Was the driving pleasant when you vacationed in Mexico last summer?
--- No, it _____ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.
A. was raining B. would be raining C. had been raining D. has rained
11. However much _____, it will be worth it
A. does the watch cost B. costs the watch
C. the watch will cost D. the watch costs
12. If the dog wins tomorrow, he _____ sixteen races in the past three years.
A. has won B. will win C. will have won D. would have won
13. I decided to go to the library as soon as I _______.
A. finish what I did B. finished what I did
C. would finish what I was doing D. finished what I was doing
14. You won’t know if the coat fits you until you _____ it on.
A. will try B. are trying C. tried D. have tried
15. My dictionary _______, I have looked for it everywhere but still _______.
A. has lost; don’t find B. is missing; don’t find
C. has lost; haven’t found D. is missing; haven’t found
16. --- How long ______ each other before they _____ married?
--- For about a year.
A. have they known; get B. did they know; were going to get
C. do they know; are going to get D. had they known; got
17. --- Come in, Peter, I want to show you something.
--- Oh, how nice of you. I _____ you _____ to bring me a gift.
A. never think; are going B. never thought; were going
C. didn’t think; are going D. hadn’t thought; were going
18. When Jack arrived he learned Mary _______ for almost an hour.
A. had gone B. had set off C. had left D. had been away
19 --- I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
--- Oh, not at all. I ______ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will
20. The police found that the house _______ and s lot of things ______.
A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into; had been stolen
C. has been broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen
21. --- Have you moved into the house?
--- Not yet. The rooms ________.
A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting
22. If the city noises _______ from increasing, people ______ shout to be heard at the dinner table 20 years from now.
A. are not kept ; will have to B. are not kept; have to
C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep, have to
23. --- ________ the sports meet might be put off.
--- Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I was told
24. You don’t need to describe her. I _______ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
25. I don’t think Jim saw me; he ______ into space.
A. just stared (凝视) B. was just staring
C. has just stared D. had just stared
26. --- _______ my glasses?
--- Yes, I _______ them on your bed a minute ago.
A. Do you see; saw B. Had you seen; have seen
C. Have you seen; saw D. Would you see; saw
27. --- We could have walked to the station; it was so near.
--- Yes. A taxi _______ at all necessary.
A. wasn’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. won’t be
28. --- Who is Jerry Cooper?
--- ______? I saw you shake hands with him at the meeting.
A. Don’t you meet him yet B. Hadn’t you met him yet
C. Didn’t you meet him yet D. Haven’t you met him yet
29. --- Nancy is not coming tonight.
--- But she _______!
A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised
30. _______ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave
31. --- Can you attend the party tomorrow?
--- I think I can when my headache ________ thoroughly.(完全)
A. will disappear B. is disappearing C. disappears D. is disappeared
32. It is clear that his poor education _______ him back.
A. has been held B. is holding C. will be held D. had held
33. --- How are you planning to travel to Shanghai?
--- I ____ yet, but I ______ taking a train.
A. haven’t decided; am considering B. haven’t decided, consider
C. didn’t decided; am considering D. hadn’t decided; have considered
34. The pen I _______ I _______ is on my desk, right under my nose.
A. think, lose B. thought , had lost C. think , had lost D. thought, have lost
35. --- Have you heard about the new school?
--- No, when and where to build the new one _______ yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided C. hasn’t decided D. haven’t decided
36. --- Sorry, I’m late.
--- That’s OK. I _____ long.
A. haven’t waited B. don’t wait C. haven’t been waiting D. didn’t wait
37. --- Nancy sat in the front seat on the left side of the classroom.
--- Oh! I thought she ______ in the back.
A. will sit B. had sat C. is sitting D. has sat
38. I must leave, too. I _______ having tea with you, Bill.
A. was enjoying B. am enjoying C. enjoyed D. enjoy
39. I ______ my face when suddenly someone ______ at the door.
A. washed, knocked B. washed, was knocking
C. was washing, was knocking D. was washing, knocked
40. I ______ at the station half an hour ago, but the train _____ yet.
A. arrived, hadn’t come B. was arriving, hadn’t come
C. arrived, hasn’t come D. had arrived, didn’t come
41. --- Why did you come by taxi?
--- My car broke down last week and I still _______ it repaired.
A. haven’t had B. didn’t have C. don’t have D. won’t have
42. I’m surprised to find you here looking well and playing tennis, Jim. Ann said that you _____ sick.
A. are B. were C. would be D. had been
43. The price _________, but I doubt whether it will remain so.
A. went down B. will go down C. has gone done D. was going down
44. --- Did you go to Qingdao for vacation last August?
--- I _______ to go, but I got sick at the last minute.
A. was planning B. had been planning C. planned D. have planned
45. I met him at a party, but I haven’t seen him ______.
A. since B. still C. yet D. then
46. All the preparations for the task ________, and we’re ready to start.
A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed
47. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in my life _____ so happy.
A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt
48. --- How are you today?
--- Oh, I ________ as ill as I do now for a very long time.
A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt
49. The reporter said the UFO ______ east to west when he saw it.
A. was travelling B. travelled C. had been travelling D. was to travel
50. --- I think that you need ______ practice on playing the violin.
--- ______ violin lessons every two weeks, but I think I’ll make it every week from now on.
A. less; I have B. less; I’ve taking C. more; I have D. more; I’ve been having
Key:
1---5 CBDAA 6---10 CDBDC 11---15 DCDDD 16---20 DBDAD
21---25 AAABB 26---30 CADBD 31---35 CBABA 36---40 CBCDC
41---45ABCBA 46---50DDDAD ?
篇5：考试常见语法动词语态
考试常见语法动词语态
语态是动词的一种形式，它用来表示句中主语同谓语动词之间的关系。
英语有两种语态， 主动语态和被动语态， 主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。例如：
I have repaired the radio.
我修好了收音机。
The radio has been repaired.
收音机被修好了。
The students cleaned the classroom.
学生们打扫了教室。
The classroom was cleaned by the students.
教室被学生们打扫了。
被动语态的构成：
be + 过去分词
A building was damaged by the storm.
暴风雨毁坏了一座建筑物。
Our plate was made in China.
我们的盘子是中国生产的。
My bike was stolen.
我的.自行车被盗了。
常用的被动语态的时态变化如下，以 ask 为例：
一般 进行 完成
现在I am asked, I am being asked, I have been asked
过去I was asked,I was being asked,I had been asked
将来I shall be asked, I shall have been asked
过去将来I shall be asked
篇6：英语时态、语态考点透视
英语时态、语态考点透视
一、对各种时态的考查 1.考查一般现在时的'用法 [考点说明]一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作或现在存在的状态,常以now,at present以及often,sometimes,usually,always,seldom,every day等表示频度的副词或副词性短语为时态标志;一般现在时也可以表示不受任何时间制约的客观事实或普遍真理.
作 者：盘笋 作者单位： 刊 名：初中生 英文刊名：JUNIOR MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS 年，卷(期)：2008 “”(18) 分类号： 关键词：★ 全国高考试卷
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