非谓语动词及将来时表格 (中学英语教学论文)

非谓语动词及将来时表格 (中学英语教学论文)（推荐13篇）由网友“原霸天”投稿提供，以下是小编收集整理的非谓语动词及将来时表格 (中学英语教学论文)，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。

篇1：非谓语动词及将来时表格 (中学英语教学论文)

在英语语法中，掌握好动词的用法是最重要的，而非谓语动词又是动词中非常重要的一部分，由于它们内容多，有些用法相似，所以不好掌握，经常被混淆用错，下面通过列表比较的方式，分析非谓语动词的主要用法。

非谓语动词和谓语动词的相对时间关系

非谓语动词 相对谓语动词的时间意义 例句

一般式不定式 说明行为在谓语动词所表示的行为之后，多数是那些表愿望的词：want; hope; expect; wish等。 I want to go home.

I hope to see you.

说明行为与谓语动词表示的行为同时发生，多数是那些省略不定式符号的词，一般是复合宾语。 I saw him come in.

He helped him (to) carry things.

一般式动名词 表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发出。 We enjoyed seeing the film.

I am thinking of taking over the job.

在动词insist on; rely on; count on(相信)等后表示动作在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生。 He insisted on doing that work

在有些明确表示时间先后的动词和介词on; upon after代替完成动名词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作先发生。 I remember seeing him before.

On arriving Beijing, he went to see his friend.

一般式分词 现在分词 持续性动词 说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 He stood there speaking.

Holding a book under his arm, he entered the room.

终止性动词 说明分词表示的动作发生之后，句中谓语动词表示的动作立刻发生。 Entering the room, I found nobody in.

Turning to the right, you will find the post office.

过去分词 持续性动词

通常说明分词表示的动作，此句中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。 Written in simple English, the book is easy to read.

I can't find my lost pen.

说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作并无先后。 He is a person well-known in this country.

代替完成式现在分词的被动语态。 Educated by the party, he became a brave fighter.

完成式不定式 说明行为动词在谓语动词表示的行为动词之前发生。 I'm sorry to have troubled you.

He is said to have come here.

He is thought to have done it.

He is believed to have done it.

He seemed to have known it.

在wish, hope, expect, intend, mean, suppose等动词过去时后，说明行为动词没有实现。 We wished to have done this.

I expected to have left by then.

(=I had expected to heave by then.)

完成式动名词 说明动名词表示的动作，此句中动词表示的动作先发生。 We regret having told you the news.

After having finished his work, he went home.

He denied having broke the glasses.

完成式分词 说明分词表示的动作，此句中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。多数表示一些瞬时间动词。如果是hear; see或表示位置转移的动词arrive; leave; turn; open.不用完成时 Having finished his work, he went home.

Sitting down with him, we begun to discuss it.

Hearing this, he rose and went to the door.

二．非谓语动词的被动语态

1. 非谓语动词被动语态的意义

非谓语动词 意义和用法 例句

不定式 表示被动的意义 The meeting is to be held next week.

He wanted to be sent to the hard area.

有时主动形式表示被动的意义，同被动没什么区别，具有“应该”．“值的”的意思。不定式是主语的承受者，但有时作某些形容词的宾语， 如：nice, easy, hard, difficult, fit, suitable, good, heavy, comfortable, cheap等。 The box is not strong enough to stand this.

It's too small to see.

There is a lot of work to do

The house is to let at low rent.

I am not to blame.

Houses are still to seek.

Much remains to do.

The text is hard to learn.

动名词 表示被动的意义 He insisted on being sent to the hard area.

在动词need, require等的主动语态和形容词worth后, 表示被动的意义 My watch needs repairing.

The book is worth reading.

分词 现在分词 表示被动的意义 The building being built is a school.

Not having been told, he didn't know where to start.

过去分词 表示被动的意义 Heated, the metal expands.

2. 一般现在分词，完成的现在分词和过去分词表示被动意义的区别

非谓语动词 意义和用法 例句

一般式现在分词 含有具体的意义，说明和句中谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，一般是持续性动词 The person being criticized is our monitor.

完成式分词 表示动作状态比句中谓语动作先发生，一般是瞬间动词 Not having been told about it, I don't know how to do it.

过去分词 具有一船的意义，强调事实，说明比句中谓语动词表示的动作先发生，有时同完成式的被动词态可互换。 Given more time, (=Having been given) I can do it much better.

三．非谓语动词的句法作用

1. 非谓语动词的句法作用一览表

非谓语动词

句子成分 不定式 动名词 分词

主语 √ √

宾语 直接宾语 √ √

短语动词宾语 √ √

宾语补语 √ √ √

介词宾语 √

形容词宾语 √ √

表语 √ √ √

定语 √ √ √

状语 √ √

同谓语 √ √

插入语 √ √

2. 非谓语动词作主语

非谓语动词 意义和用法 例句

不定式 动词不定式表示比较具体的意义，经常和特定的动作和执行者联系起来，经常带时间或地点状语，有时表示将要发生的动作。 To master a foreign language is no easy job.

To do it well is my earnest desire

To see this film is to waste time.

To solve this problem is out of the question

动词不定式（短语）作主语时，常见的另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语，而将动词不定式（短语）移到谓语之后作真正主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词，动词和名词 1)形容词作表语（常见的形容词有：important, difficult, easy hard possible）

It is foolish to act in this way.

It sounds reasonable to do it this way.

It appears likely for them to arrive.

2) 动词作谓语（常见的动词有：require, cost, amuse, delight, irritate, annoy

It took much time to do this.

It makes us excited to think about that.

It needed hard work to finish the job.

It does no good to say like that.

It didn't occur to me to ask him to help me.

3)名词作表语

It seems a pity to waste them.

It is a great pleasure to do this

It is a good idea to think this way.

动名词 动名词表求比较抽象（一般）和经常性的意义，有时可同不定式互换 Collecting stamps is a good hobby.

Swimming is a best sport in summer.

There is no telling what will happen.

There is no denying the fact.

There is no need informing him of it.

动名词短语作主语时，常见的另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语面将动名词短语移至谓语之后作真实主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词和名词 1)形容词作表语(常见的形容词有：enjoyable, good, hard, worthwhile)

It is nice talking to you.

It's foolish behaving like that.

It is useless doing that

2)名词作表语

It's waste of time doing this. It's no good (use) doing that.

It's an awful job doing this. It's fun doing this

It is not an easy task doing this work.

3. 非谓语动词作宾语

成分 非谓语动词 意义和用法 例句

直接宾语 不定式 不定式的逻辑主语一般同谓语动词的主语一致 I want to read a novel.

用于该形式的常见的动词有：afford, agree, aim, apply, arrange, ask, choose, claim, decide, decline, demand, desire, determine, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, seek, swear, threaten, wish.

有时宾语省略不定式符号(常见的有：let fall, let pass, let go, let slip, 'd better, 'd rather, 'd soon,

He made believe he was correct.

动词不定式（短语）作宾语时，如其后有补足语，则可以用先行语it作形式宾语，而将动词不定式（短语）后移作直接宾语 He found it necessary to work hard at English.

用于该形式的常见的动词有：acknowledge, believe, consider, count, declare, deem, deny, esteem, fancy, feel, find, guess, imagine, judge, know, make, prove, realize, report, see, show, suppose, suspect, take(think), understand, think.

动名词 动名词的逻辑主语有时同谓语动词的主语不一致 Do you mind my smoking?

动名词（短语）作宾语时，如其后有补足语则可以用先行词it作形式宾语，而将动名词短语后移作直接宾语 We found it troublesome solving this problem.

We consider it worthwhile spending some time on this.

有一类动词后面必须跟动名词 We enjoyed staying there.

常见的动词有：admit, abhor, acknowledge, advise, advocate, avoid, confess, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, discontinue, excuse, evade, fancy, finish, imagine, include, involve, justify, keep(on), mind, necessitate, pardon, postpone, practise, renounce, resent, facilitate, favor, miss, resist.

有一类动词后面可跟动名词也可以跟不定式 1) 意义区别不大。

He began learning (to learn) English at the age of five. 常见的动词有：start, like, hate, love, continue, prefer, commence, attempt, intend, propose, decline, endure, neglect, omit, recollect, recall, bear.

2) 意义有区别

a) remember doing sth 记住做过某事。remember to do sth 记住要做某事。

b) forget doing sth 忘记做过某事。forget to do sth 记住要做某事。

c) regret doing sth 遗憾做过某事。regret to do sth 遗憾要做某事。

d) try doing sth 试着做某事。try to do sth 努力做某事。

e) mean doing sth 意旨做某事。mean to do sth 打算做某事。

f) stop doing sth 停止做某事。stop to do sth 停下来做某事。

g) can't help doing sth 忍不住做某事。 can't help to do sth 不能帮做某事。

h) go on doing sth 继续做某事。 go on to do sth 接着做另一事。

短语动词宾语 动名词 这一类多是动词和小品词构成的短语 He insisted on doing that.

常见的短语有：stand up, leave off, put off, give up, can't help(stand)

不定式 这一类多数是一些特定的用法。 He is about to leave. He did nothing but play.

'd rather do sth, 'd better do sth, 'd like/love to do sth,

宾语宾补 不定式 强调动作发生的事实、将要和应该做的事 We saw him come in. I asked him to help me.

I helped him (to) learn English.

He arranged for me to stay there.

常见的动词有：

1)省略不定式符号的动词：make, let, have, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at

2)表示“致使”意义的动词：advice, cause, allow, ask, beg, drive, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, permit, persuade, remind, teach, tell, trust, urge, want, warn

3)表示心理状态的动词：consider, declare find, prove, think, know, believe, discover, feel, imagine, judge, suppose, understand.

4)短语动词 arrange for, prepare for, provide for, ask for, care for, long for, wait for, vote for, call on, rely on, depend on, count on

动名词 说明实际的情况，这种形式数量不多。 We call this process testing.

We know of the earth behaving as a large magnet.

分词

现在分词

强调动作进行的过程 I found him coming in.

He kept him waiting outside.

如谓语动词是被动语态的形式，这时分词成了主语补语，分词形式不变。

He was seen coming in

过去分词 表示动作已完成，同宾语是被动关系，说明动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前。

have (get) 表示的动作往往表示别人完成，有时这个动作可能由主语完成 We found him tied to the tree.

I had my hair cut.

I can't get this motor started.

如谓语动词是被动语态的形式，这时分词成了主语补语，分词形式不变。

He was found tied to the tree.

介词宾语 不定式 这一类多是一些特定的形式， I hardly remember what I did besides read.

He had nothing in mind except to work hard.

It is better to do some work than to spend the time idly.

There is no way out than climb the cliff.

动名词 这一类数量较多。 I'm afraid of making mistakes while speaking English.

He enjoys doing nothing but talking with her.

On (as soon as he arrived) arriving, he came to see his friend.

In (while) doing this, he learned a lot.

常见的短语：look forward to, be used to, object to, prefer doing sth to doing sth

形容词宾 不定式 这一类有些语法家也认为是这些形容词的原因状语。

I am glad to see you.

常见的形容词有：cross, angry, context, furious, happy, impatient, curious, proud, sorry, thankful, free, grateful, keen, anxio7us, eager, pone, ready, reluctant, willing, humble, jealous, miserable, (un)able, lucky，sad

这一类有些语法家也认为是这些形容词的原因状语。

I am surprised to see you.

常见的过去分词有：annoyed, ashamed, astonished, bored, concerned, amazed, confused delighted, determined, disappointed, disgusted, displeased, dissatisfied, distressed, embarrassed, excited, fascinated, inclined, overjoyed, overwhelmed, pleased, prepared, puzzled, qualified, worried, offended, scared, thrilled, vexed

动名词 这一类多是一些特定的用法。 The tree seems like trembling.

The book is worth reading.

He is busy working.

4. 非谓语动词作表语

非谓语动词 意义和用法 连系动词 例句

不定式 表示具体的动作，表示打算、计划、命令和要求等意义 有时可用appear, seem, happen等作连系动词 To see is to believe. Seeing is believing.(一般同主语的形式一直)

What I wanted to do is write it down.

The only thing you can do is wait and see.

How am I to pay such a debt?

Such questions are to be avoided.

He was never to see his friend again.

What he said proved to be true.

He seems to be ill.

常作主语的名词有：aim, ambition, duty, hope, idea, intention, mistakes, plan, purpose, suggestion.

动名词 相当于名词，说明主语动作的情况和状态。 一般是be What like best is swimming in the sea.

My job is teaching English

(My job is to teach them to learn English.)

Seeing is believing.

有时同不定式可以互换

Our duty is serving the people.

Our duty is to serve the people.

分词 现在分词 相当于形容词，说明主语动作性质的。一般分词后不再接任何成份 有时可用become ; get等 It is annoying that the meeting should be put off.

常见作表语的现在分词有：amusing, boring, charming, comforting, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, disturbing, embarrassing, exciting, pleasing, fascinating, interesting, inviting, missing, obliging, promising, puzzling, shocking, striking, surprising.

过去分词 相当于形容词说明主语动作的性质或状态，一般后面带介词短语，有些形容词化的过去分词前可加very. 有时可用become ; get ;remain ; appear ; seem; fell; go; look等动词 He remained puzzled. He appeared satisfied with that.

My work is finished. My watch is gone.

常见的过去分词有：1)常见带介词about分词： annoyed, concerned, excited, pleased, puzzled, shocked, worried 2) 常见带介词at分词： amazed, amused, annoyed, astonished, delighted, disappointed, disgusted, displeased, dissatisfied, excited, offended, overjoyed, pleased, shocked, surprised, 3) 常见带介词against分词： arranged, prepared, irritated, arranged 4) 常见带介词for分词： celebrated, concerned, destined, disqualified, noted, prepared, pressed, qualified. 5) 常见带介词in分词： absorbed, celebrated, concerned, disappointed, delighted, dressed, embarrassed, engaged, entangled, experienced, interested lost, 6) 常见带介词on分词： founded, based, bent, set 7) 常见带介词to分词： abandoned, accustomed, acquainted, addicted, adapted, committed, dedicated, destined, devoted, doomed, engaged, entitled, exposed, known, lost, opposed, related, inclined, married 8) 常见带介词with分词：annoyed, bored, concerned, delighted, disappointed, discontented, disgusted, displeased, dissatisfied, equipped, excited, occupied, obsessed, pleased, pressed, satisfied, socked, stunned, surrounded loaded, tormented, torture

5. 非谓语动词作定语

非谓语动词 位置 意义和用法 例句

不定式 动词不定式必须放在所修饰词（名或代）后 表示将要发生，应该做的动作，说明动作在谓语动词表示动作之后，具有形容词性质。 I have much work to do.

He has no place to live in.

有时根据意思的需要加介词，这时介词不能省略，因被修饰的名词是它的宾语。

动名词 动名词放在在所修饰的词前 说明所修饰词的性质，具有名词的性质，它同所修饰的名词间不存在什么主谓关系 He looked me with questioning eyes.

a living room.

一般形式 分词 现在分词 在所修饰词前，有些放在所修饰词后 说明正在进行的动作，同它所修饰的动作存在着逻辑主谓关系 a sleeping boy, on the day following, for years running

过去分词 在所修饰词前，有些放在所修饰词后 表示被动的意思，多数不及物动词的过去分词不能用作定语，只有少数表示动作改变的动词表示在谓词动词动作之前完成 a lost child, a fallen leaf, retired workers, faded flowers

We have no time left.

Fill the blanks with the words given.

短语 不定式 放在所修饰词后 一般表示要做和应该做的动作。 1.He is the first one to come this morning. 2.I have a lot of housework to do at home. 3.There is a lot of work to do in the company. 4.He didn't have the chance to go to school in the past.

1)一般所修饰词是抽象名词agreement, attempt, claim, decision, decisive, determination, failure, hope, intention, need, plan, promise, refused, resolution, tendency, threat, wish

2)说明被修饰词内容的名词

campaign, chance, courage, efforts, evidence, fight, news, measures, move, movement, opportunity, position, power, reason, right, skill, strength, struggle, means

3)跟不定式作状语的形容词生成转化来的抽象名

ability, ambition, anxiety, curiosity, eagerness, impatience, reluctance, willingness

分词 放在所修饰词后 现在分词短语有动作进行之意。

过去分词短语有被动之意。 The bird singing in the tree is very beautiful.

This is the bird shot by the boy.

My brother, working in the south will be coming in a few days.

6. 非谓语动词作状语

非谓语动词 意义和用法 例句

不定式 表示目的，很常用。 He went home to see his mother.

He came to ask a question.

He got up early in order to (so as to) have time to study.

表示结果，很常用。 She says so well as to bring down the house.

Will you be so good as to tell him this?

He is not old enough to do this.

He is too excited to speak anything.

表示原因， He laughed to see them fall down.

He wept to hear the news.

表示选择和比较 She opened her lips as through to speak

He would die rather than give in.

表示条件 To hear him talk, you would think he was tiring.

分词 表示时间，相当于表示时间，相当于状语从句when, while。 He went through the papers while having breakfast.

Since leaving school, I met him only once.

常用于这些连词后when, before, while, after, since

表示原因，有时同用作时间状语的分词难以分清，相当于原因状语从句because, since, for 和 as。 Being ill, he didn't come.

Not understanding this, he asked the teacher about it.

表示条件，相当于条件状语从句if。 Given more time, I can finish the work.

We'll not attack unless attacked.

Working hard, you'll succeed.

表示让步，相当于让步状语从句 though, although。 Though warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.

表示结果，相当于结果状语从句，这种分词前通常有thus 或thereby。 Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.

表示方式或伴随情况，分词短语没有相当的状语从句，汉译时一般译成并列复合句 They shook hands, smiling at each other.

The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.

He lay on his back, his legs drawn up.

He made the boy sit there, promising they would not hurt him.

表示方式 He sat there, as though waiting.

7. 非谓语动词作同谓语

非谓语动词 意义和用法 例句

不定式 不很常用

He has written two articles for the journal, one to be published in this issue, the other to come out in the next.

动名词 不很常用 I saw many people in the room, some talking, some listening.

His chief hobby, sailing a boat, cost him most of his salary.

8. 非谓语动词作插入语

非谓语动词 意义和用法 例句

不定式 多是一些特定的短语 To tell you the truth, to be fair, to be frank, to be short, to be sure, to be honest, to begin with, to cut a long story short, to be exact, so to speak

To tell you the truth, I don' t know computers very well.

动名词 多是一些特定的短语 Generally speaking, frankly speaking, strictly speaking.

Generally speaking, his work is successful.

四. 非谓语动词的特殊形式

形式 非谓语动词 意义和用法 例句

复合结构 不定式 for sb to do sth这种结构可用先行代词it作形式主语面将该结构后移作真正主语。 It is impossible for me to do this.

It is for you to decide.

It is time for us to do this.

There is a lot of work for us to do.

I'd like you to do it.

常引导该形式的形容词有：dangerous, easy, useful, hard, difficult, strange, astonishing, pleasant, fortunate lucky, necessary, reasonable, right, wrong, natural, interesting.

with+名词或代词 to do sth的复合结构表示将要发生的动作 I feel quite easy, with her to help me.

It (That) is +形容词 of to do sth. 表示性格特征，行为表现。 It kind of you to help me.

常引导该形式的形容词有：absurd, bold, brave, careful, careless, cruel, considerate, clever, cunning, clumsy, decent, foolish, good, honest, impudent, naughty, nice, polite, right, rude, silly, splendid, wise, wrong, wonderful, thoughtful.

send, bring, take 等动词表目的时，可带出自己的逻辑主语。 The king sent the official to have a look.

动名词 动名词之前的名词，如果是有生命的，通常用所属格表示，如果是无生命的，则用通格表示，现在有一种趋势用名词和代词代替所有格。 His coming won't help much.

I don't mind your (you) smoking.

They insisted on our staying there.

We are happy about his coming to see us.

Do you remember Mary coming to see you?

I objected to you smoking here.

分词

分词短语作状语时，一船没有自己的主语，其逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语，但有时分词短语可以有自己的主语，由名词和代词表示放在分词短语之前，它们存在着逻辑主谓关系 He stood there with his hand rising (raised).

We walked in, he leading the way.

Greeting being over, they got down to business.

He cried suddenly, tears rolling down his checks.

His leg being badly hurt, he had to sty in bed.

There being nobody in the room, we didn't go in.

无主语句子 不定式 多用于否定形式。 Why stay in the room? Why not ask the teacher?

动名词 征求别人意见。 What about playing basketball?

How about going to see a film?

感叹句 不定式 多表示要发生的事。 To think how I started!

To invite him! You are asking for trouble.

分词 表示的意义根据句子而定。 Going to Beijing! What for?

Finished my book! I have just started.

其它形式 不定式 相当语这些疑问代词和副词引导的从句。 What to do next has not been decided.

What worries me most is how to do it

I don't know how to leave.

We are seeking the way in which to make the work easy.

It is not yet decided whether to discuss this.

常见引导该形式的动词有：decide, find out, forget, inquire, know, learn, remember, see, settle, think, understand, wonder

分裂式不定式，被副词分开。 He wants to really know this.

动名词 用do和go构成的短语。 Go shopping, (hunting, fishing, swimming, walking, dancing, skating, skiing)

Do some reading (shopping, sewing, washing)

分词 悬浮式分词, 可以和主句的主语不一致。 1) admitting that…, supposing that…, provided (that)…, regarding, seeing that…, concerning that…, granted…, owing to dangle

2) talking about…, judging from..

Judging from his clothes, he is a doctor.

五. 非谓语动词的否定形式

形式 非谓语动词 位置 例句

一般形式 不定式 放在不定式符号前，如果是省略不定式形式放在动词前 I want not to go home. I let him not go home.

He promises never to go there again.

He got up early so as not to (in order not to) miss the train.

动名词 放在动名词前 Excuse me for not coming earlier.

分词 放在分词前 Not knowing this, he didn't come.

Not having told when to start, he came late.

特殊形式 不定式 主动形式否定意义 He was too excited to speak.

动名词 no和without引导的短语 No smoking. He left without saying good-bye

英语中将来时的表示形式

表示将要发生的动作和状态在英语中用将来时，将来时在英语中有多种表达形式，为了掌握它们的区别和用法，下面笔者对它们进行分类总结。

形式 动作行为 时间发生 语气和情态 意义和用法 例句

will/shall +v 主观或客观近期或远期 含有情态的色彩（意想，决心）， 表示在将来某一时间会发生或经常发生的动作或存在的状态。可用于表示不以人们的意志为转移的事。 Tomorrow will be Sunday.

Tom will be 20 next year.

Will you go to the party tonight?

to be going to +v 主观近期 主语的意图 表示即将发生的事或最近打算进行的动作。多用于口语中，表示说话者的意图，推测和打算，可表示自然和生理现象。 I think it is going to rain.

She is going to have a baby.

They are going to get married next week.

The bridge is going to collapse.

be +ving 客观近期 较婉转 表示按计划和安排即将发生的动作。动词多是一些“来去”移动词，如：go, come, leave, start, move, sail, arrive, reach, stop, return, stay, drive, travel, remain, land等。 President is speaking on the air tonight.

He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.

The plane is landing soon..

to be to +v 客观或主观近期或远期 职责和义务 表示按计划，安排即将要发生的动作， 或征求对方的意见或表示命令。受人们的意志所支配。比较正式。 Am I to go on with the work？

We are to turn out 10000 cars next year.

You are to take the trip.

v 客观近期 表示根据规定或时刻预计要发生的动作或状态。一般有时间状语， 强调动作是不可改变的，动词多是那些表“来去”“起止”的动词，如：arrive, begin, close, come, depart, dine, end, go, leave, meet, open, part, stat, sail, stay, stop, return等，可用表状态的“be”，表示年龄和日期。一般用于肯定句。 The plane leaves at six.

This term starts on 1st September.

Tomorrow is Saturday.

I am fifty in May.

will/shall be+ving 客观或主观近期或远期 语气婉转，没有情态的色彩 表示将要发生的动作，有弦外之意，表示事情的正常进程，在计划之中。 I will be seeing him this morning.（Do you want me to do something for you.）

I don't think I will be using that book next week.

When will you be seeing the president？

to be about to+v 主观或客观近期 表示将要发生的动作。一般不带表示将来的时间状语。 They are about to leave.

Autumn harvest is about to start.

篇2：非谓语动词用法对比 (中学英语教学论文)

知识要点：

一、不定式与动名词做主语：

1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例如：

Collecting information about children’s health is his job. 收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。

It’s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。

2、常用不定式做主语的句型有：

（1）It’s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do

（2）It’s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do.

3、常用动名词做主语的句型有：

It’s no good (use, fun) doing.

It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing.

It’s worth while doing.

二、不定式、动名词、分词做表语：

1、不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。

His teaching aim of this class is to train the students’ speaking ability. 他这节课的教学目的是要训练学生说的能力。

2、动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可以互换，动名词常用于口语中。

Its full-time job is laying eggs. 它的（指蚁后）的专职工作是产卵。

3、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征；进行时表示正在进行的动作。

The task of this class is practising the idioms. （现在分词做表语）

With the help of the teacher, the students are practising the idioms. （现在进行时）

4、常用作表语的现在分词有：interesting, amusing, disappointing, missing, puzzling, exciting, inspiring, following等。现在分词表示进行与主动。

The joke is amusing .这笑话很逗人。

The problem is puzzling. 这个问题令人不解。

5、过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。

The village is surrounded by high mountains.（过去分词做表语）

The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army.（被动语态）

He is well educated.（过去分词做表语）

He has been educated in this college for three years.（被动语态）

常用在句中做表语的过去分词有：

used, closed, covered, interested, followed, satisfied, surrounded, done, lost, decided, prepared, saved, shut, won, completed, crowded, dressed, wasted, broken, married, unexpected等。

6、注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同：

interest（使…感兴趣），surprise（使…吃惊），frighten（使…害怕），excite（使…兴奋），tire（使…疲劳），please（使…满意），puzzle（使…迷惑不解），satisfy（使…满意），amuse（使…娱乐），disappoint（使…失望），inspire（使…欢欣鼓舞），worry（使…忧虑）

它们的现在分词常修饰物（有时修饰人），表示主动，过去分词常修饰人，表示被动（包括某人的look、voice等）。例如：

Climbing is tiring. 爬山很累人。

They are very tired. 他们很疲劳

After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice.

三、不定式与动名词做宾语：

1、下列动词跟不定式做宾语：

want, wish, hope, expect, ask, pretend, care, decide, happen, long, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, cause, afford, beg, manage, agree, promise等。

2、在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语：

enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from), keep…from, stop…(from), protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on等。

3、在forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean等动词后跟不定式与动名词意义不同，不定式表示谓语动词之后的动作，而动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，常用一般式doing代替完成式having done.

He forgot to tell me to post the letter.（他忘了叫我发信。）

I shall never forget finding that rare stamp on an ordinary envelope. 我永远也忘不了在一个普通信封上发现了那枚珍贵的邮票。

Remember to write to us when you get there. 到那里，记得给我们写信。

I don’t remember meeting him. 我不记得见过他。

I regret to tell you that I can’t go to your birth-day party. 我很遗憾告诉你我不能去参加你的生日晚会了。

They regretted agreeing to the plan. 他们后悔同意这个计划。

He tried to pretend to share in the pleasure with his friend. 他尽力假装与朋友分享欢乐。

She tried reading a novel, but that couldn’t make her forget her sorrow. 她试着看看小说，但也不能使她忘记伤心事。

I didn’t mean to hurt you. 我没有企图伤害你。

A friend indeed means helping others for nothing in return. 真正的朋友意指不图回报地帮助别人。

4、动名词作need, want, require, be worth的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。

The washing-machine needs repairing.（或用：needs to be repaired）这台洗衣机需要修理。

The point wants referring to. 这一点要提到。

This English novel is worth reading. 这本英文小说值得一读。

The situation in Russian required studying. 俄国形式需要研究。

四、不定式与分词在句中做宾语补足语：

1、以下动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语：

ask, tell, beg, allow, want, like, hate, force, invite, persuade, advise, order, cause, encourage, wait for, call on, permit, forbid

The doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days. 医生嘱咐他再卧床休息几天。

We wish him to remain and accept the post. 我们希望他留下来接受这个职位。（注意hope后不跟不定式做宾补。）

2、有些动词后的复合宾语用不带“to“的不定式，这些动词有：see, watch, notice, hear, feel, make, let, have等。例如：

We noticed him enter the house. 我们留意到他进了那所房子。

The boss made them work twelve hours a day. 老板让他们一天干12小时工作。

注意当make、have不做“迫使、让”讲，而做“制造、有”解时，跟带有to的不定式做状语。

Mother made a cake to celebrate his birthday. 妈妈做了一个蛋糕给他庆贺生日。

He had a meeting to attend. 他有个会要开。

3、下列动词后的复合宾语用分词做宾补：see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, make, set, have, leave, keep, find等。用现在分词还是用过去分词做宾补，要看分词与宾语的关系。例：

We heard him singing the song when we came in. 当我们进来的时候，听见他正唱那首歌。

We have heard the song sung twice. 我们听过这首歌唱过两遍了。

五、非谓语动词做定语：

1、不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示在谓语动词之后发生的动作或过去的某一特定动作。例如：

He had no house to live in but a lot of work to do. 他没有房子住却有好多活要干。

Our monitor is the first to arrive. 我们班长是第一个到的。

2、动名词与现在分词做定语的区别：

动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途；现在分词做定语，表示所修饰名词进行的动作。

a walking stick 拐杖（动名词做定语，意为a stick for walking）

a sleeping car 卧铺车厢（动名词做定语，意为a car for sleeping）

the rising sun 正在升起的太阳（现在分词做定语，意为the sun which was rising）

the changing world 变化中的世界（现在分词做定语，意为the world which is changing）

3、现在分词与过去分词做定语的区别：过去分词做定语表示完成或被动的动作，现在分词做定语表示主动或进行的动作。如：

a piece of disappointing news 使人失望的消息（意同a piece of news which disappointed us）

in the following years 在后来的几年中（意同in the years that followed）

a well dressed woman 衣着讲究的女士（意同a woman who is dressed well）

a car parked at the gate 停在门口的小汽车（意同a car which was parked at the gate）

六、不定式与分词做状语：

1、不定式做状语，只表示目的、结果或原因：

He hurried home only to find his money stolen. 他匆忙赶到家中，发现钱被盗了。（结果状语）

To make himself heard, he raised his voice. 为了被听清楚，他提高了嗓门。（目的状语）

All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress. 看到他的进步，我们都很吃惊。(原因状语)

2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式：

Seen from the top of the hill, the town is beautiful. 从山上看，这座城市很美。（条件状语）

Coming into the room, he found his father angry. 当走进房间时，他发现父亲生气了。（时间状语）

Being tired, they went on working. 虽然累了，但他们继续工作。（让步状语）

Having been hit by the big boy on the nose, the little boy began to cry. 由于被大孩子打了鼻子，那个小男孩哭了。（原因状语）

He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased. 他把一个手指放进嘴里，尝了尝，笑了，看起来挺高兴。（伴随状语）

（小周）

篇3：非谓语动词的正误辨论文

论文关键词：谓语,动词,正误,辨析

非谓语动词是指在句子结构中不充当谓语成分的动词形式，非谓语动词形式在句子中可以充当句子成分，如：主语、表语、定语、补语、状语等，在我们的学习中如果忽视了非谓语动词形式就容易出错。

篇4：非谓语动词的正误辨论文

（1）正在建造的房子将是一家书店。

误：Thehousebuiltwillbeabookstore.

正：Thehousebeingbuiltwillbeabookstore.

正：Thehousethat/whichisbeingbuiltwillbeabookstore.

析：现在分词的被动式和过去分词都表示被动意义，但是过去分词表示动作已经完成，而现在分词的被动式表示动作正在进行、还未完成。

（2）我的工作是教你们英语。

误：MyjobisteachyouEnglish.

正:MyjobistoteachyouEnglish.

析:不定式toteach在句子中系动词is后面作表语。

(3)这箱子我搬起来太重了。

误：Theboxistooheavyformetocarryit.

正：Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.

析：句子主语是不定式的逻辑宾语，所以应去掉，否则就犯了重复的毛病。

(4)打开抽屉，他拿出词典。

误：Openingthedrawer,andhetookoutadictionary.

正：Openingthedrawer,hetookoutadictionary.

析：并列连词等是用来连接两个或更多个语法作用相同的词、短语、或句子。分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词。

(5)他别无选择，只有躺下来睡觉。

误：Hehasnochoicebutlyingdownandsleeping.

正：Hehasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.

正：Hehasnothingtodobutliedownandsleep.

析：在这种句型中，but和except后用不定式，不用动名词。并且若句中含有动词do时，but,except后跟省掉的不定式。

（6）他将要去美国度假.。

误：HewillgotoAmericahavealongholiday.

正：HewillgotoAmericatohavealongholiday.

析：这个句子中谓语动词是go，不定式tohave是非谓语动词形式,在句子中作目的状语。

（7）这本书读起来很容易。

误：Thisbookiseasytoberead.

正：Thisbookiseasytoread.

析：一些形容词后跟动词不定式的.主动式表被动，如hard,heavy,light,fit,

difficult,interesting等。

（8）依据他的口音，他是上海人。

误：Judgefromhisaccent,heisfromShanghai.

正：Judgingfromhisaccent,heisfromShanghai.

析：”Judging”在这里是插入语，作独立成分。类似的用法还有totellthetruth,comparedwith/to，generallyspeaking等。

(9)我们尽快地走，希望及时赶到

误：Wewalkedasfastaswecouldtohopetogetthereintime.

正：Wewalkedasfastaswecould,hopingtogetthereintime.

析：根据句意，希望hope不表示目的，而表示伴随状况，所以用hoping。

(10)这封信需要马上回复。

误：Theletterdemandedansweringimmediately.

正：Theletterdemandedanimmediateanswer.

正：Theletterrequired(needed)answeringimmediately.

析：require,need,want作“需要”解时，可跟动名词做宾语。demand作此义解时，不能跟动名词作宾语，要跟名词。

(11)这是80年代建造的工厂之一。

误：Thisisoneofthefactorieshavingbeenbuiltinthe1980s.

正：Thisisoneofthefactoriesbuiltinthe1980s.

析：现在分词的完成式主要用做状语，不做定语。

(12)John已经修好了他的坏自行车

误：Johnhasfinishedtorepairhisbrokenbike.

正：Johnhasfinishedrepairinghisbrokenbike.

析：谓语动词finish后需跟动名词做宾语，类似的动词还有enjoy,mind,avoid,miss，escape等。

篇5：动词短语精练 (中学英语教学论文)

动词短语精练

1.It is certain that he will ____ his business to his son when he gets old.

A．take over B．think over C．hand over D．go over

2.In some western countries, demand for graduates from MBA courses

has ____.

A. turned down B. turned over C. fallen down D. fallen over

3.We have to ____ the wheat as soon as possible because a storm is on

the way.

A. get away B. get across C. get through D. get in

4.--- Now， where is my purse?

--- ____! We'll be late for the picnic.

A. Take your time B. Don't worry C. Come on D. Take it easy

5.He accidentally ___ he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn't

been home for a couple of weeks.

A. let out B. took care C. made sure D. made out

6.It's ten years since the scientist ____ on his life's work of discovering the valuable chemical.

A. made for B. set out C. took off D. turned up

7.The final examination is coming up soon. It’s time for us to_____ our studies.

A．get down to B．get out C．get back for D．get over

8.To keep healthy, Professor Johnson____ cycling as a regular form of

exercise after he retired.

A. took up B. caught on C. carried out D. made for

9.Before the war broke out, many people __ in safe places possessions

they could not take with them.

A. threw away B. put away C. gave away D. carried away

10.The forest guards often find campfires that have not been_____

completely.

A. turned down B. put out C. put away D. turned over

11.You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please____ the

books when you've finished with them.

A. put on B. put down C. put back D. put off

12.He ____ some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris.

A. made out B. picked up C. gave up D. took in

13.We’re going to ____ with some friends for a picnic. Would you like

to join us?

A. get in B. get over C. get along D. get together

14.News reports say peace talks between the two countries ____ with no agreement reached.

A. have broken down B. have broken out

C. have broken in D. have broken up

15.The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to

try to ____.

A. make it out B. make it off C. make it up D. make it over

16.His mother had thought it would be good for his character to ____

from home and earn some money on his own.

A. run away B. take away C. keep away D. get away

17.If you ____ any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.

A. come up with B. set about C. run into D. put aside

18.Can you make a sentence to____ the meaning of the phrase?

A. show off B. turn out C. bring out D. take in

19.We didn't plan our art exhibition like that but it ____ very well.

A. worked out B. tried out C. went on D. carried on

20.Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights

happened to ____.

A. put out B. give in C. be turned on D. go out

21.It is wise to have some money____ for old age.

A. put away B. kept up C. given away D. laid up

22.Readers can____ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of

each word.

A. get over B. get in C. get along D. get through

23.I really don't want to go to the party, but I don't see how I can ____

it.

A. get back from B. get out of C. get away D. get off

24.--Will somebody go and get Dr. White?

--He’s already been_____.

A. asked for B. sent for C. called for D. looked for

25.Cheap coal____ a lot of smoke.

A. gives up B. gives in C. gives away D. gives off

26. --What are you doing?

--I'm _____ the children. They should be back for lunch now.

A. looking after B. looking at C. looking for D. looking up

27.---Why does she always ask you for help?

A. who to turn to B. she can turn to

C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn

28. His idea of having weekly family meals together, which seemed difficult at first, has ____many good changes in their lives.

A. got through B. resulted from C. turned into D. brought about

29.The dictionary is being printed and it will soon_____.

A. turn out B. come out C. start out D. go out

30. The Internet has brought _____big changes in the way we work.

A. about B. out C. back D. up

31. The teacher made up a sentence to ______the meaning of the phrase.

A. show off B. turn out C. bring out D. take in

32. As we all know, air pollution often ____diseases.

A. brings on B. brings up C. brings back D. brings forward

33. The girl is clever and she always ______good ideas whenever she is in trouble.

A. comes about B. comes up with C. gets up as D. comes up

34. --- I don’t feel like going out. Why don’t we watch TV at home?

---______You promised to take me out for dinner.

A. Really? B. Not at all. C. Why not? D. Come on!

35. I have no idea how it _____that the man met with trouble again.

A. came up B. came out C. came across D. came about

36. His strong accent _____when he was trying to tell a lie.

A. put him off B. let him out C. gave him away D. turned him up

37. During the urgent period, the ministry of foreign affairs _____brief news every day.

A. gave away B. gave out C. gave up D. gave off

38. Don’t mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may _____the shocking ending.

A. give away B. give out C. give up D. give off

39. Tom was so busy these days because he had a lot of papers to _____.

A. take up B. make up C. work up D. hold up

40. Doctors say early rising _____good health.

A. makes off B. makes for C. makes out D. makes up

41. The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to_____.

A. make it out B. make it off C. make it up D. make it over

42. It’s ten years since the scientist ___on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical.

A. made for B. set out C. took off D. turned up

43. The primary school was _____where there used to be an old temple.

A. set up B. put up C. built up D. held up

44. If you ____any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a

ring.

A. come up with B. set about C. run into D. put aside

45. -When shall we start?

-Let's ________ it at 8∶30.Is that all right?

A. set B. meet C. make D. take

Keys:

1-5 CCDCA 6-10 BAABB 11-15 CBDAA 16-20 DCCAD 21-25 ACBBD 26-30 CBDBA 31-35CABDD 36-40 CBABB 41-45 ABACC

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇6：非谓语动词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

非谓语动词

I like cooking. ”

He likes cooking.

It' s not easy for me to learn English.

Seen from the space, the earth is a blue sphere.

以上英语句子中____________________等具有动词特征，但是在句子中不能作谓语的动词形式，就叫动词的非谓语形式，也叫非谓语动词。

非谓语动词是不随 _______________变化而变化的，它们不受人称和数的限定，所以又叫“非限定动词”。

动词的非谓语形式有三种：

（1）动词不定式：to study (to + 动词原形)

（2）分词：studying (现在分词)、studied (过去分词)

（3）动名词：studying (形式与现在分词相同)

动词非谓语形式有以下几种形式变化（以write为例）：

形态 主动 被动

动词不定式 一般

进行

完成

完成进行

现在分词和动名词 一般

完成

过去分词 一般 written

一、动词不定式

二、动名词

动名词可以起 ______词的作用，在句子中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。

动名词的否定形式是在前面加上not, never等否定词。

（一）做____________________

Fishing in this lake is forbidden.

Going abroad for a visit and settling down abroad are two different things.

My favorite hobby is fishing/collecting stamps.

My job is teaching.

注意：

在______________; ______________; __________ ; _______________ ; _________________ ;___________________ 等习惯表达中，

It为__________，而将做主语的动名词短语放在后面。例如：

It’s no use /good ringing her up now.

Is it worthwhile bargaining two hours for two cents?

It’s wise trying again.

It is of great importance fighting against pollution.

It is no use operating on the sick man. He should have been sent here early.

It is no good smoking; you’d better give it up.

（二）动名词短语作___________________。

He avoided giving me a definite answer.

David suggested selling your dog and car to pay the debt.

I couldn’t risk missing that train.

常用的能接动名词的动词有：

承认__________，感激__________，避免__________，建议___________，不禁__________，庆祝__________，考虑__________，完成___________，延期__________，忍耐___________，喜欢__________，结束___________，想象__________，保持___________，在意__________，错过___________，允许__________，练习___________，冒险__________，明白___________。

例如：

（三）动名词短语作___________。如：

The children are fond of listening to pop music.

Are you interested in going to the show?

Thomas insisted on doing it in his own way.

Excuse me for interrupting you.

Before finishing your homework, you’d better not go out. 做

（四）动名词也可以有自己的逻辑主语，就是在动名词短语前面加上

_____________________。

I insisted on his (him) going to the cinema with me.

I can hardly imagine Peter’s sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.

Linda’s coming will do you good.

What made him angry was their (them) laughing.

（五）动名词的完成式和被动语态：

（1）完成式表示__________________________________。例如：

I apologize for having broken my promise.

I don’t remember having talked with him before.

I regret not having met you before my marriage/before I got married.

（2）当___________________________________，动名词要用被动语态。例如：

I could no longer stand being treated like that.

She was proud of having been trained in the U.K.

He doesn’t like being laughed at.

（六）某些动词可接不定式也可接动名词做宾语，但意义有差别。

（1）like, love, hate, prefer等表示喜爱，厌恶的动词后面，

动名词表示______________________

不定式表示______________________

She likes dancing. But she wouldn’t like to dance with you.

He looked tired and I didn’t like to disturb him.

I don’t like reading, but I’d like to read a magazine in bed tonight.

Little Jim should love to be taken to the theatre this evening.

The reporter would /should like to see you again.

We don’t like talking about people behind their backs.

（2） forget to do sth. ___________________

forget doing sth.___________________

The light in the office is still on. She forgot to turn it off.

The light in the office is off. She turned it off, but she forgot turning it off.

（3）remember to do sth. _________________

remember doing sth. _________________

Do you remember meeting me at a party last year?

You must remember to leave tomorrow。

（4）stop to do sth. __________________

stop doing sth. __________________

She stopped to have a rest on a big rock by the side of the path.

As long as you live, your heart never stops beating,

（5） regret to do sth. _____________________

regret doing sth. ____________________

I regret saying that.

I regret to tell you the following truth.

（6）try to do sth. __________________

try doing sth. _________________

You must try to do it again.

Let’s try doing the work in some other way.

（7） mean to do sth. __________________

mean doing sth. __________________

If it means delaying more than a week, I’ll not wait.

I mean to help you, and nothing else. 。

I didn’t mean to hurt you. I’m sorry.

Declaring Taiwan independent means declaring war on China.

（8） go on to do sth. _____________________

go on doing sth. _____________________

After he finished his maths, he went on to do his physics.

I hope it won’t go on raining all day long.

现在做一些练习：

1．根据括号里的汉语意思用动名词填空：

1) ____________（游泳）is a very enjoyable exercise.

2) His work is ________________(修自行车).

3) Europeans uses an knife and a fork ______________(吃肉).

4) We will only succeed by ____________________(努力工作）.

5) Tom hates __________________(早晨9点以后起床).

6) I could' t help ________________(迟到).

7) _____________________(等着没用) there won' t be another bus.

2. 用动词不定式或动名词填空：

1) He wanted ____ (see) the book I had bought.

2) Please stop ___ (walk) about the room and sit down.

3) I called ____ (see) her yesterday but she was out.

4) In 1969, the United States succeeded in ____ (send) a rocket to the moon and ___ (land) two astronauts on its surface.

5) We decided ___ (put) off the meeting until Saturday.

6) Let me ___ (see) what you are doing.

7) When the professor finishes ____ (speak), we will ask him a question.

8) He made her ___ (go) although she wanted ___ (stay).

9) Please remember ____ (give) her this letter.

10) We heard him ___ (say) that he disliked ____ (go) abroad any more.

11) The child enjoyed ___ (play) at the seaside.

12) The little boy was made ___ (take) the medicine.

13) I watched the shop assistant ___ (take) the goods down for the shelf and put them on the counter.

14) He remembers ___ (go) to Shanghai with his parents when he was five.

15) She had her husband ___ (wash) her dirty linen.

16) The thief kept ____ (say) he hadn’t taken the purse.

17) The policeman saw him ___ (steal) the bicycle and ride away on it.

18) I’ve persuaded him ___ (help) us do the job.

19) You had better ____ (go) home now. It looks like rain.

20) Let me___ (know) if you had decided ____ (go).

21) He promised ___ (come) to our party.

22) I forget ____ (see) you there.

23) Don’t forget ___ (see) your grandma this Sunday.

24) I must apologize for not ___ (let) you know earlier.

三、分词

分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。

作为非谓语形式，分词可用作形容词和副词，在句子中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。但它仍保持动词的一般特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语。分词和自己的宾语、状语构成分词短语。

现在分词有一般式和完成式。它的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为或存在的状态；它的完成式（having + 过去分词）表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态。

现在分词有主动语态和被动语态(being + 过去分词)。

过去分词只有一般式，表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。过去分词（及物动词）本身可以表示被动的含义，因而没有别的被动形式。

（一）用法

1．作定语。

作定语的分词通常放在被修饰的名词________________。

如果被修饰的词是something，anything，everything，nothing等，则分词放在这些词________________。

分词短语通常放在被修饰的名词_________________。

This is an interesting book。

China is a developing country.

a broken heart

a risen sun

There is something interesting in the news。

The man sitting by the window is our math teacher。

The machine run by the old worker is made in Shanghai。

1. We lived in the house __________________(我舅舅们修建的).

2. Any medicine ________(服用) without the advice of a doctor can cause trouble.

3. We spent two hours discussing the plan ________________ (她制定的).

4. Lessons _____________ (易学的)are soon forgotten.

** ______________ (易学的) lessons are soon forgotten.

2、作状语。分词和分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式等意义。表示时间和原因的分词短语相当于对应的状语从句。

时间

When the students saw the teacher entering the room，They stood up。

= seeing the teacher entering the room, they stood up.

When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.

__________________________, I came across an old friend of mine.

After he had heard the news, he jumped with joy.

_________________________, he jumped with joy.

The metal expands when it is heated.

___________，the Metal expands.

When he was asked why he did not do it, he began to cry.

________________________________, he began to cry.

原因

As I was excited，I couldn’t go to sleep

_____________，I couldn’t go to sleep。

Because he was a student，he was interested in sports.

______________________，he was interested in sports.

Because they were inspired (激励) by Dr.Yang’s speech，Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder

_______________，Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder.

方式、伴随

The children went away。They laughed as they went.

The children went away laughing.

The professor stood there and he was surrounded by many students

The professor stood there，_______________________________

He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.

He sat on the sofa, _____________________

条件

If you work hard, you will succeed.

________________, you will succeed.

If you use your head, you will find a way.

________________, you will find a way.

If water is heated to a certain temperature, it turns into steam.

_________________________________, water turns into steam.

3、作宾语补足语。

现在分词

(I) 用在_____________之后作宾补

1. I saw him running along the street.

2. I felt an ant climbing over my leg.

3. Suddenly I noticed her standing outside.

4. I smell something burning.

5. I hear a girl singing in the hall.

(II) 用在 __________________之后做宾补

1. I would have him waiting for me at the gate of the park.

2. Sorry, I kept you waiting a long time.

3. They shut the door and left, leaving the fire burning.

过去分词

(I) 用在_______________ 之后作宾补。

1. The speaker raised his voice, but he still could not make himself heard.

2. Jane got her bad tooth pulled out at the dentist’s.

3. They are going to have the entrance hall painted white.

(II) 用在 ______________ 之后作宾补。

1. He didn’t notice his wallet stolen.

2. I was washing my clothes when I heard my name called.

(III) 用在 ______________之后作宾补。

1. He did not want such question discussed.

2. I would like my living room painted light blue.

4、作表语。

The result of the test is disappointing.

I feel disappointed in the result of the test.

The story is very interesting

He is interested in the book.

The result is surprising.

I am surprised at what he said.

现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质或特征，意为______________，

exciting, moving, amusing, astonishing, frightening, interesting, relaxing, shocking, surprising, terrifying, tiring etc.

过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的状态，意为_________________，

excited, moved, amused, astonished, frightened, interested, relaxed, satisfied, surprised, terrified, tired etc.

过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别

（1）被动结构强调___________，而系表结构强调________________

（2）_________________可以接by + 动作的执行者，___________则不行。

The glass is broken.

The glass is broken by Tom.

The bookstore is closed at six.

The bookstore is closed now.

注意：

（1）分词作状语时，_____________ 和 ______________ 一致：

__________at the top of the mountain，I saw lots of people there.

__________from the top of the mountain, the city is beautiful.

__________again, I found the book interesting.

__________again, the book was found interesting.

（2）在see，hear，watch，notice等动词后，

用动词不定式作宾语补语，通常表示_______________________。

如果用现在分词作宾语补语，则通常表示____________________。

We sat two hours and watched the teacher __________ the experiment.

We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher________ the experiment.

（3）在“have+宾语+分词”的结构中，

现在分词表示 _____________________

过去分词表示 _____________________

动词不定式表示 ___________________

He had the fire ___________ (burn) day and night。

Father had me ___________(swim) the whole summer vacation。

Mary had her dress __________(wash).

Tom had his legs ____________ (break)

I had my watch __________(steal) yesterday。

My mother had me ___________ (wash) my dress.

The teacher had me ______________ (clean) the classroom.

（二）分词的时态和语态

上面已经谈到，过去分词可以表示“被动”和“完成”等意义，因此没有时态和

语态方面的形式变化。下面谈一下现在分词的时态和语态。

1.现在分词的完成式(having+过去分词)表示____________________________。

Having written the letter，John went to the post office.

(=After he had written the letter，John went to the post office.

Having lived in Beijing for years，Lao Wang knows the city quite well.

(=As he has lived in Beijing for years，Lao Wang knows the city quite well.)

Having drunk two glasses of water, Xiao Ma felt a little better.

(=After he had drunk two glasses of water Xiao Ma felt a little better.)

2.现在分词的被动语态(being +过去分词)通常表示“正在被…”的意思。如强调现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前时，可用现在分词被动语态的完成式(having + been +过去分词)。

The bridge being built will be completed next month.

Having been kept out of the room about half an hour for his returning late，Tom was let in.

exercises:

1、用现在分词或过去分词结构改写下列句子:

1）The teacher is taking a walk on the playground. He is our teacher of English.

2）The birds filled the air with music. They were singing in the trees.

3) Here is a novel. It was written b Lu Xun.

4) The language is English. It is spoken in Australia.

5) Do you know the number of students? They are coming to the English Evening.

6) I could hear the boys. They were playing in the field.

7) He was glad to find the fire. It was burning brightly.

8) I watched them. They were dancing.

9) I saw a man. He was banging at your door

10）Tom rushed into the room. He was covered with snow.

11）Mary sat on the ground. She talked with Jane.

12）I stood at the gate. I was waiting for his arrival.

13) John put on his raincoat because he saw that it was raining.

14) As he was stepping carelessly off the pavement, he was knocked down by the bus.

15) He used chopsticks. He ate his dinner.

16) As he was going downstairs he tripped on the carpet.

17) When I was learning English, I had much trouble in pronunciation.

18) As he himself was one of the exploited Pottier shared their bitterness and sufferings.

19) The bridge had been weakened by successive storms and was no longer safe.

20) What is the book? It is being translated.

21) As we did not know his address we could not get in touch with him.

22) As she had been there many times, she knew the place quit well.

23) As we had not got a reply from them, we became quite worried.

24) Because they had been brought up in the city, they knew little about farmwork.

25) He was a League member. He ought to take the lead in such activities.

2、改正下列句子中的错误(注意分词短语的逻辑主语和句子的主语是否一致)。

Example:

Climbing to the top of the hill, there is a magnificent view to be seen.

-----Climbing to the top of the hill, one can see a magnificent view.

-----If one climbs to the top of the hill, there is a magnificent view to be seen.

1）Being Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home.

______________ I shall have quiet day at home.

2）Entering the house, the door closed with a bang.

3）Walking through the park, the flowers made a lovely sight.

4）Waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head.

5）Having been away from his hometown for more than thirty years, no one recognize him.

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇7：非谓语动词(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

非谓语动词

(一)不定式

非谓语动词有三种形式：不定式，动词ing形式(v-ing)及过去分词(ed分词)。

不定式的基本形式是由“to+ 动词原形”构成，其否定形式是not to do，不定式可以带自己的宾语或状语，构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化，不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语，不作谓语。如：

Lucy asked him to turn up the radio.

To make a plan first is a good idea.

1. 动词不定式不失动词的特点，有时态和语态的变化，不定式有六种形式，以write为例：

主动态 被动态

一般式 to write to be written

完成式 to have written to have

been written

进行式 to be writing

完成进行式 to have

been writing

(1)不定式的时态：

①不定式所表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生或是在谓语动词之后发生，不定式用一般式，如：

It seems that he knows this.

鯤e seems to know this.

I hope that I'll see you again.

鯥 hope to see you again.

②不定式所表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生，并强调动作正在进行的情景，或持续性，不定式用进行式，如：

He pretended that he was listening to English course when I came in.

鯤e pretended to be listening to English course when I came in.

I am very glad that I am working with you.

鯥 am very glad to be working with you.

③不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，不定式用完成式，如：

I am sorry that I have put you so much trouble.

鯥 am sorry to have put you so much trouble.

It seems that I have met you somewhere before.

鯥 seem to have met you somewhere before.

④如果强调不定式所表示的动作从过去某一时刻起一直持续到某一时刻，不定式用完成进行时，强调动作的持续性，不强调结果。如：

She seems to have been reading the novel for three hours.

The rain was said to have been falling for a week.

(2)不定式的语态：当不定式的逻辑主语与不定式是被动关系时，不定式一般用被动式。如：

This is the plan to be discussed at today's meeting.

The novel is said to have been translated into several languages.

Whether most countries can use natural energy in future remains to be seen.

2. 不定式的作用

(1)不定式作主语：

To say is one thing; to do is another.

To read novels is my hobby.

it形式主语常常代替作主语的不定式，而将不定式或不定式短语放在后面。

To talk with him is a great pleasure.

鯥t is great pleasure to talk with him.

To make electricity by building a dam across the sea is possible.

鯥t is possible to make electricity by building a dam across the sea.

注意：①To see is to believe. 主语和表语都是不定式，不能用it代替：It is to believe to see是错误的。

②To answer correctly is more important than to finish quickly. 而finish与finishing放在than后面都是不合适的，因为前面句子的主语是to answer，后面的主语也要是to finish, 保持than前后句子结构平行。

(2)不定式作表语：不定式在系词后面作表语。

At that time his job was to write reports for the newspaper.

This suit doesn't seem to fit me.

The problems remain to be unsettled.

(3)不定式作宾语：在下列及物动词后，常跟不定式作宾语：want, need, hope, wish, expect, like, hate, try, manage, forget, remember, know, begin, start, intend, plan, mean, pretend, prefer, agree, refuse, learn等。

To keep the water clean, you need to get some under water plants.

I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.

They have decided to visit the nature park for the milu deer.

注意：不定式作宾语时，有时用“it”替换，it为形式宾语，而将真正的不定式作宾语后置，如：

I found to learn English well not easy.

鯥 found it not easy to learn English well.

I feel to help others my duty.

鯥 feel it my duty to help others.

(4)不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语：通常用于及物动词或动词短语之后，如：

Jim told me to give his best wishes to everyone here.

What caused you to change your mind?

在被动语态was considered后面，不定式为主语补足语接不定式作宾补和主补的动词常有:

ask, beg, cause, call n, help, force, allow, permit, advise, order, get, want, wish, tell

等。

(其中没有hope sb. to do, suggest sb. to do和agree sb. to do)

注意：①不定式作宾语补足语，在部分感官及使役动词后，用不带to的不定式作宾语，常用的动词有：let, make, have, see, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to, feel等，help有无to都可以，如：

The teacher had us recite the text every day.

The boss made his men work all the night.

把上面句子变成被动语态后，不定式成为句子的主语补足语，需带to，即在被动语态中不定式一律带to，不存在省略问题。

注意：②在谓语动词think, consider, suppose, believe, imagine, prove, find等后面跟to be作宾补，不跟to do，但其中有些可跟to have done作宾补。如：

imagine…to be

Imagine yourself(to be)in his place.

find…to be

We found him(to be)honest.

suppose…to be/suppose…to have done.

I suppose him to be about fifty.

We suppose him to have stolen it.

(5)不定式作定语：不定式作定语，有时与前面被修饰的名词逻辑上有动宾关系，如果不定式是不及物动词或所修饰的名词是不定式的地点，工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词，如：

I have a meeting to attend. (attend the meeting)

及物动词+ 宾语

Pass me a piece of paper to write on. (write on the paper)

不及物动词+ 介词+ 宾语

在time, place, way后面的不定式省略介词，如：

He had no money and no place to live.

其他不定式作定语情况，如：

I have no chance to go abroad.

They had never moment to rest.

注意：there be句型中的不定式作定语用主动或被动都可以

There is a lot of work to do.

=There is a lot of work to be done.

There is no time to lose.

=There is no time to be lost.

但是在下列句子中，不定式主动与被动形式意义不同：

--Have you anything to wash?

--No, nothing. I plan to go shopping.

不定式动作的执行者是you. you wash something

--Have you anything to be washed?

--No, Thank you.

不定式动作的执行者不是you. 是省略了的(…to be washed)by me或by someone else.

不定式作状语：

①作目的状语：

I got up early in order to catch the 6∶30 train.

The boy ran all the way so as not to be late.

注意：so as to不能置于句首，in order to可以。

②作原因状语：

He smiled to think of his clever plan.

③在某些形容词后面作状语：

I am glad to see you.

You are sure to succeed.

④作结果状语：

第一, I hurried to the post office, only to find it closed. (出乎意料的结果)

第二，too…to…“太……以至于不……”(to后面译作否定)

He is too old to read.

The boy is too young to dress himself.

当不定式前的形容词为nervous, pleased, willing, delighted, happy, glad等时，too…to，“to…”可译作肯定，

They are too nervous to leave. 他们急于离开

当too前有only, 即only too…to译作肯定

I am only too pleased to help you.

当不定式前有否定意义的词时译作肯定

We are never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。

第三，形容词/副词enough to do sth.

He was quick enough to catch the ball.

The girl is old enough to go to school.

第四，so…as to/such…as to如此……以致于……

He was so angry that he was unable to speak.

He was so angry as to be unable to speak.

He was such a fool that he believed the cheat.

He was such a fool as to believe the cheat.

⑤不定式作方面状语，不定式作方面状语与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式多用主动结构，如果不定式为及物动词，后面不必再跟宾语，如果不定式为不及物动词，要用相应的介词，如：

The mountain is difficult to climb. (动宾关系：climb the mountain)

不定式不说to climb it或to be climbed

Lesson Two is easy to learn. (动宾关系：learn Lesson Two)

有时由形容词+ to do结构一起做宾语补足语

3. 不定式的逻辑主语：不定式的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语，如He seemed to be reading something, 当需要明确指出不定式动作的执行者时，用for/of sb. (sth. )to do sth. 表示，如：

(1)当作表语的形容词表达不定式的逻辑主语的品行，性格，性质时，要用of，常见的这类形容词有:

brave, careful, careless, kind, nice, good, honest, clever, wise, unwise, stupid, foolish, rude, cruel, silly, thoughtful, impolite, polite, right, wrong, 等。这时It+ be+ 形容词+ of sb. /sth. to do sth. 句型，等于sb. /sth. + be+ 形容词to do sth. , 如：

It is very kind of you to say so.

相当于You are very kind to say so.

It is clever of him to win the competition.

鯤e is clever to win the competition.

It+ be+ 形容词+ for sb. /sth. to do sth. 这一句型中的形容词大多为：

easy, important, usual, difficult, hard, possible, impossible, necessary等。这些词只能说明不定式行为的是与非，不能说明不定式的执行者，所以不等于sb. + be+ 形容词+ to do sth. ，如：

1)It is difficult for beginners to read the book.

不能说：Beginners are difficult to read.

但是第一类，即It+ be+ 形容词+ of sb. to do sth. 句型中的形容词，如right, impolite…等如果强调评论人用of，强调评论行为也可用for，应用情况如下：

(1)当sb. 为泛指时，形容词着重评论不定式行为本身，如：

It was not right for the south to break away from the Union.

(2)当不定式为被动语态时，不定式的执行者常常省略，因此形容词只用来评论不定式行为了。

It was unkind for you to be laughed at.

总之for sb. to do sth. 强调不定式行为

of sb. to do sth. 强调不定式执行者

4. 带疑问词的不定式：动词不定式可以和疑问词what, which, how, where, when, whether等连用，构成不定式短语，如：

The question is when to start.

They haven't ageed on whether to build a factory here or not.

what to say.

I don't know what to write about.

how to do it.

注意：没有if to do和why to do.

I don't know why to do it. (误)

I don't know why I should do it. (正)

5. 不定式省略“to”的情况：

(1)当and或or连接同一概念的不定式时，或者当它们之间的关系并列一致时，可将and或or后面的to省去，如：

I'd like to go and see a film.

He had to have a job or go hungry.

但是，有时为了表示对照，或加强语气，则不可以省去to，如：

It is easier to say than to do.

(2)不定式在一部分感官或使役动词后面作宾补省略to。

(3)不定式在but(除了……以外)，except后面的使用，如果but, except前有行为动词do, but, except后省去to，如：

They had nothing to do but wait for the doctor.

The whole night he did nothing except watch TV.

(4)在固定句型中：would rather do…than do…/prefer to do rather than do:

1)The bus was so crowded that I'd rather walk home than take a bus.

2)I prefer to play tennis rather than(play)basketball.

6. “to”代表整个不定式：有时为了避免重复，省去不定式后面的内容，保留到不定式符号to, 如果是to be，保留到be，如：

--Will you please give him a message when you see him?

--I'll be glad to.

--Would you like to go shopping with me?

--I'd like to. (或I'd love to)

有时为了强调，也可以不省略。

Do what he or she tell you to do.

(二)动词-ing形式

动词-ing形式由动词原形+ ing构成。动词-ing形式起到名词、形容词和副词的作用，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、状语和宾语补足语，但不能单独构成谓语，其构成形式如下，以do为例：

主动 被动

一般时态 doing being done

完成时态 having done having been done

否定式：not+ 动词-ing.

Learning English is very important to me.

Having been widened, the road took on a different look.

随着-ing在句子中所做的成分不同，所用的时态和语态有不同的要求，关于-ing的时态和语态的详细使用，在下面ing所作的句子成分中讲述。

1. 动词-ing形式作主语：

Seeing is believing.

有时主语太长，可用it作形式主语，将真正主语放在后面。如：

It is fun swimming in a river or lake in summer.

注意：动词-ing与不定式作主语的区别：

①一般情况下可以换用：

It is dangerous playing/to play with fire.

但在口语中用动词-ing形式放在句首比不定式多。

Going shopping is a pleasant thing.

②在下列句型中习惯用-ing作主语，不用不定式：

It is no use

It is no good doing.

It is useless

It is useless only learning English grammar.

It is no good cutting down the forest.

③在there+ be+ no+ 主语结构中，必须用动词-ing作主语：

There is no telling what will happen in the future.

④主语和表语结构相同，对等。

Seeing is believing.

To see is to believe.

2. 动词-ing作宾语：

(1)在及物动词后：

Would you mind my sitting here?

We suggest going out for a picnic on Sunday.

(2)在介词后：

We look forward to seeing you again.

(3)在worth, busy, feel like, look like等形容词后面：

China Daily is well worth reading.

The firefighters were busy putting out the big fire.

They look like winning the relay race.

Suddenly I feel like eating something.

动词-ing做主语或宾语时，一般情况下其逻辑主语为句子的主语，如果需要自己的逻辑主语时，要用物主代词或名词所有格+ 动词-ing，如：

His/Li Ping's coming late, made the teacher unhappy.

Would you mind my/me smoking here?

当动词-ing不在句首时，可用人称代词宾格，名词普通格代替，但逻辑主语为无生命的名词，或泛指时，用普通格，如：

We heard the noise of desks being opened and closed.

3. 不定式与动词-ing作宾语的比较：

(1)在下列一些动词后面常跟动词-ing作宾语，而不跟不定式：

admit, appreciate, advise, avoid, allow, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape,

excuse, face, feel like, finish, fancy, forbid, forgive, imagine, include, keep, mention,

mind, miss, practice, resist, risk, suggest等。如：

He practices speaking English every day.

He admitted having broken the window.

I much appreciate your giving me the chance.

She dislikes doing housework.

He enjoys nothing but playing the computer.

(2)在下列一些动词后只跟不定式，不跟动词-ing作宾语：

want(想要)，hope, expect, wish, decide, would like, refuse, manage, pretend, demand,

offer, afford, plan, wonder, intend…等，如：

I am expecting to get a letter from my parents.

We are planning to build another research center.

I'd like to buy a new car made in the U. S. A.

(3)在下列一些动词后面跟不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语，意义不同，如：

I remember doing this exercise before.

我记得以前做过这个练习。

Remember to post the book for me.

记住帮我把那本书寄走。

归纳：remember doing记得(做过的事，某事已做过)

remember to do记住(去做某事，某事还没做)

We shall never forget hearing Jackson singing.

我们忘不了听杰克逊唱歌的情景。

Don't forget to give my regards to them.

别忘了代我向他们问好

归纳：forget doing忘了(做过的事，某事已做过)

forget to do忘了(去做某事，某事还没做)

I'll try to improve my pronunciation.

我要努力去纠正，提高我的发音。

Since no one answered the front door, why not try knocking at the back door?

既然前门没人答应，为什么不试试后门呢?

归纳：try to do. 尽力去做某事

try doing(用另外一种方法)试一试，试试看

I suggest we stop working and have a rest.

我建议我们停下干活，休息一会儿。

They stopped to listen, but there was no more sound.

他们停下来，听一听，再没什么声音。

归纳：stop to do停下(某事)去做某事，(表目的)

stop doing把某事停下来，(宾语)

What do you mean to do with your old bicycle?

你打算如何处理你那辆旧自行车?

I won't wait if it means delaying a week or so.

如果这意味着要推迟一星期左右，那我就不等了。

归纳：mean to do打算做某事

mean doing意味着做某事

(4)在love, like, hate, prefer后面跟不定式和动词-ing形式无多大区别，如：

Do you like to eat ice-cream?

I like traveling very much.

I like driving(do drive)fast cars.

(5)在start, begin后面，一般接不定式和动词-ing形式无多大区别，在下列情况下，多用不定式：

①自然界变化：

It started to rain.

Snow started to melt as spring came.

②心理活动，在understand, know, realize等词前面：

I began to understand my mother's feelings.

③begin, start本身为进行时：

Mother was starting to cook in the kitchen when I got home.

(6)在allow, advise, permit, forbid等动词后面，有名词或代词作宾语，用不定式做宾语补足语，如果没有宾语，直接用-ing形式，如：

1)We don't allow parking here.

2)The police don't allow people to park here.

3)He advised me to get an English pen friend.

4)I advise seeing more English films.

(7)need, require, want译作“需要”时，跟动词-ing作宾语，主动表示被动，相当于to be done，如：

The windows require cleaning.

The windows require to be cleaned.

The patient needs operating on at once.

The patient needs to be operated on.

The flowers want watering.

The flowers want to be watered.

(8)在一些固定表达中用动词-ing形式，不用不定式：

can't help doing, be worth doing, devote…to doing, look forward to doing, be/get/become used to doing, object to doing, thank…for doing, excuse…for doing等。

Einstein devoted his life to making a research in science.

I'm looking forward to getting your letter.

We are used to living in the countryside.

4. 动词-ing在句中作表语：

Our plan is setting up a new car factory.

My job is teaching/driving.

这类词作表语，起解释说明主语的作用，主表可颠倒：Teaching is my job. 转换成问句，用what提问：

--What's your job?

--My job is teaching.

这类词作表语，起描绘作用，主表不颠倒，转换成问句，用how提问

--How is your job?

--It is interesting.

--How was your trip?

--It is tiring, but interesting.

5. 动词-ing作定语：

(1)表示被修饰名词的用途：

There are two reading rooms in our school library.

a reading room其含义是A room is used for reading.

The swimming pool in our school is nearly completed.

the swimming pool其含义是The pool is used for swimming.

(2)如果动词-ing形式作定语表示被修饰的名词发出的一个正在进行的动作或某种特征行为，这时被修饰的名词与动词-ing逻辑上有主谓关系，如果是主动关系用doing, 被动关系用done, 或being done表达，另外有时间要求：

第一种情况：主动关系，-ing形式与谓语动词同时进行，或经常发生，用doing，如：

Look at the dancing girl. She is one of my classmates.

Look at the girl who is dancing. ….

China is a developing country.

China is a country that is developing.

注意：①如果动词-ing形式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，一般不用having done作定语，而用定语从句表达，如：

The teacher criticized the boy having broken the window. (误)

The teacher criticized the boy who had broken the window. (正)

注意：②如果表达的是未来发生的动作，或含有情态概念，用不定式表达，如：

I have a meeting to attend today.

鯥 have a meeting that I will attend today.

Mary is the proper worker to do the job.

鯩ary is the proper worker who can do the job.

第二种情况：被动关系：动词-ing表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生，正在进行，用being done; 发生在谓语动词之前，完成了的动作用done；发生在谓语动词之后，未来的动作，用to be done. 如：

The bridge being built now is two kilometers long.

鯰he bridge that is being built now is two kilometers long.

The bridge built last year is two kilometers long.

鯰he bridge that was built last year is two kilometers long.

The bridge to be built next year will be two kilometers long.

鯰he bridge that will be built next year will be two kilometers long.

6. 动词-ing作宾语补足语和主语补足语：经常在see, hear, feel, watch, notice,

observe, find, get, look at, listen to, keep, leave, send, set, catch等一些动词后面用动词-ing作补语，其中宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系，如果主谓关系是主动的，又表示动作在进行，或状态的持续，用doing; 如果主谓关系是被动的，又表示动作在进行，用being done，如：

I noticed them repairing the car.

鯳hen they were repairing the car, I noticed.

I noticed the car being repaired.

鯳hen the car was being repaired, I noticed.

如果宾语和宾补是主动关系，又表示动作的全过程，即完成或一般时态，宾补用不定式to do表达(在某些动词后面不定式不带to)；如果是被动关系，又表示动作的全过程，即完成时态用done表达，如：

I often notice them repair the car.

I noticed the car repaired.

如果把上述句子变成被动语态，宾语补足语就变成主语补足语了。

7. 动词-ing形式作状语：动词-ing形式作状语时，要求其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，句子的主语与动词-ing形式逻辑上有主谓关系。如果主谓关系是主动的，用主动语态；-ing动作与谓语动词同时发生用一般式doing, 如果-ing动作发生在谓语动词之前，用完成式having done, 如：

Walking along the street, I met a friend of mine.

相当于When I was walking along the street, I met a friend of mine.

Having finished their work, they had a rest. 相当于After they had finished their work, they had a rest.

如果主谓关系是被动的，用被动语态；-ing动作与谓语动词同时发生，用done；如果-ing动作发生在谓语动词之前，已完成的动作，用被动语态的完成式having been done, 如：

Having been cleaned and decorated, our classroom took on a new look.

相当于After our classroom had been cleaned and decorated, our classroom took on a new look.

Well known for his expert advice, he was able to help many people.

相当于As he is well known for his expert advice, he was able to help many people.

注意：-ing形式做状语时，如果-ing形式需要自己的逻辑主语，人称代词用主格，名词用普通格，如：

Mother/She being ill, he had to stay home to look after her.

It being Sunday, the shops are crowded.

(三)过去分词

过去分词由动词+ ed构成，起到形容词和副词的作用，在句中可作状语、表语、定语和宾语补足语。过去分词的性质是被动，完成，但有时侧重程度，有时侧重被动，不及物动词变成的过去分词无被动的意义，过去分词形式由动词原形加词尾-ed构成，及部分不规则的词如：done, played.

①侧重程度：

boiling water 沸水 fallen leaves落叶

boiled water 凉开水 frozen chicken冷冻鸡

developing country 发展中的国家

developed country 发达国家

②侧重主、被动：

a broken glass, a dancing girl, a damaged house.

1. 过去分词的作用：

(1)过去分词作状语：同动词-ing形式作状语一样，过去分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语，如是被动关系，又与谓语动词同时发生，或无一定时间对比，用过去分词，如：

Seen from the top of the mountain, the lake looks like a mirror. (相当于The lake is seen)

相当于When the lake is seen from the top of the mountain it looks like a mirror.

Heated, water can turn into vapor.

相当于If it is heated, water can turn into vapor.

(2)过去分词作表语：

We are interested in science.

(3)过去分词作定语：过去分词作定语，有时间要求，发生在谓语动词之前，即完成的动作，用done，而不用having been done.

The bridge built last year is 2 kilometers long.

People invited to the party are most scientists.

(4)过去分词作宾补：

I noticed the car repaired.

2. 过去分词与动词-ing形式的区别：

(1)作表语和定语的区别：动词-ing形式表示事物对人造成的影响，事物是主动的，常译成令人……，使人……；过去分词表示人对事物的看法产生的心理反应，人是被动的，常译作：感到……如：

The news is surprising.

We are surprised at the news.

这类词很多，如：inspiring, inspired, astonishing, astonished, tiring, tired,

moving, moved, disappointing, disappointed, worrying, worried, encouraging, encouraged, …….

(2)作宾补的区别：宾语与宾补逻辑上有主谓关系，主动用动词-ing或不定式表达，被动用being done或done表达。

We found him standing outside the door.

He found the door locked.

(3)作状语的区别：用作状语的动词，与句子的主语逻辑上有主谓关系、主动用-ing形式，被动用过去分词。

The boy entered the room, followed by a dog.

相当于The boy entered the room and he was followed by a dog.

The boy entered the room, following his father.

相当于The boy entered the room and followed his father.

(4)-ing形式与ed分词都可以作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、结果、让步、程度，如：

Having brought her father back to England, Lucy helped him to get better. (时间)

After she had brought her father back to England, Lucy helped him to get better.

Disturbed by the noise, we had to finish the meeting early. (原因)

We had to finish the meeting early because we were disturbed by the noise.

Born a free man, he was now in chains. (让步)

Though he was born a free man, he was now in chains.

(If) bitten by a snake, you should send for help and not walk. (条件)

鯥f you are bitten by a snake, you should send for help and not walk.

The boy ran in, carrying a ball in his arm. (伴随)

鯰he boy ran in and carried a ball in his arm.

He dropped the plate, breaking it into pieces. (结果)

鯤e dropped the plate and broke it into pieces.

(5)-ing形式与ed分词的否定式，由not+ -ing构成：

Not knowing how to do it, I asked him for help.

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇8：反身动词 reflexives Verb (中学英语教学论文)

所谓的反身动词，就是行动涉及的对象就是主语本身，占宾语位置的是反身代词sich。

跟学名词一定要和冠词一起记一样，反身动词也一定要跟sich一起记，而且要搞清这个sich是第三格还是第四格，后面

如果支配介词宾语时，也要弄清是什么介词，支配第几格等等。所以，初学者在反身动词的学习上要化一点功夫。

一、分类：

反身动词可以分为两种：

1．真反身动词（echt reflexives Verb）或狭义的反身动词（Reflexivverben im engeren Sinn）

它必须与反身代词连用，缺少了反身代词，动词本身也没有意义。反身代词不可以用名词替代。

1.1 带第四格反身代词：

Sie müssen sich beeilen, um den Zug noch zu erreichen.（您想要赶上火车的话，动作得快。）

这类动词还有：

sich befinden 位于，sich betrinken喝醉, sich bewlken 为云遮蔽, sich ereignen 发生，sich erholen休息，复元,

sich erklten 感冒, sich verbeugen 鞠躬, sich verirren 迷路, sich verspten 延迟

1.2 带第三格反身代词：

如果句子中已有第四格宾语，则反身代词为第三格：

Ich habe mir eine fremde Sprache angeeignet. 我掌握了一们外语。

这类动词还有：

sich etw. einbilden 自负, sich etw. vorstellen 想象，sich etw. verbitten 不容许等。

2. 假反身动词（unecht reflexives Verb）或反身结构（Reflexive Konstruktionen）

原为支配宾语的动词，但为了表示行动涉及自身，就成为反身动词。可以用反身代词替代宾语：如：

Die Mutter wscht das Kind/ das Auto/ sich.

因此，从语义上分析，假反身动词才真正是宾语涉及主语自身；而相反，真反身动词中主语和sich的关系只是形式-

语法上的一致。

2.1 第四格反身代词宾语

Das Kind wscht sich. 孩子洗自己。

这类动词还有：

sich rasieren 刮胡子, sich tten 自杀, sich verteidigen 自卫等。

2.2 第三格反身代词宾语

Er hat sich（D）mehrmals widersprochen. 他好几次说话自相矛盾。

Du schadest dir mit dem Rauchen. 你老抽烟，对自己没有好处。

其他如：sich etw. abgewhnen 戒除某物

2.3 反身代词作为介词宾语

an sich zweifeln怀疑自己

jn. zu sich einladen 把某人邀请到自己这里来

2.4 自由的第三格反身代词

Ich habe (mir/ für mich) ein Buch gekauft. 我（为自己）买了一本书。

Ich wasche (mir) die Hnde. 我洗（自己的）手

Ich ziehe (mir) den Mantel an. 我（给自己）穿衣服。

当然，也有语法书把这里的反身代词称作第三格宾语。但事实上，后两句的情况跟第一句不同，他们具有定语性质。

我的看法是，这里重要的不是去分析这是什么成分，而是要注意反身代词在各个人称中的不同形式，如果些句子使

用的是第三人称，那就要用sich。

二、反身动词与介词支配

大部分反身动词都是从及物动词转换而来的，例如：

Ich fürchte ihn. -- Ich fürchte mich vor ihm. 对对他感到害怕

这两个句子是同义的。但在大多数情况下，及物动词句子中的主语往往成为反身动词句子中的介词宾语：

Das Kind rgert mich. -- Ich rgere mich über das Kind. 这孩子让我生气 --我对孩子生气。

不同的反身动词要求不同的介词宾语，有的是人，有的是物，也有的是人、物兼具。各个介词支配的格也不一样，

有的是第三格，有的是第四格，这都是德语学习中的难点。以下分别举例列出，大家在学习过程中，也可以不断

进行补充。

1．支配第四格介词的反身动词：

an:

sich erinnern an jn./ etw. 回忆起某人/某事

sich gewhnen an etw.习惯于某事

sich wenden an jn. 向某人请教

auf:

sich beschrnken auf etw. 局限于某事

sich freuen auf etw. (A) 为某事的到来而高兴

sich konzentrieren auf jn./ etw. 全神贯注于某人/某事

sich verlassen auf jn./ etw. 信赖某人/某事

sich vorbereiten auf etw. 准备好某事

sich beziehen auf jn./ etw. 跟某人/某事有关，涉及某人/某事

für

sich einsetzen für etw. 为某事尽力

sich interessieren für jn./ etw. 对某人/某事感兴趣

sich entscheiden für jn./ etw. 选定某人/某事

gegen

sich wehren gegen etw. 反抗某事

in

sich vertiefen in etw. 埋头于，致力于某事

sich verlieben in jn.爱上某人

sich verwandeln in etw. 变成某事物

über

sich rgern über jn./ etw. 对某人/某事生气

sich aufregen über jn./ etw. 对某人/某事恼火

sich freuen über (A) 对（已发生的）某事感到高兴

sich wundern über jn./ etw. 对某人/某事感到惊异

um

sich bemühen um jn./etw. 照顾某人，争取某事

sich bewerben um jn./etw. 追求某人，申请；谋求某事

es handelt sich um etw. 关系到，涉及到某事

sich kümmern um jn./ etw. 关心，照顾某人/某事

sich sorgen um jn./ etw. 为某人/某事担忧

2．支配第三格介词的反身动词：

an:

sich beteiligen an etw. 参加某事

aus

sich ergeben aus etw. 产生于某事

sich zusammensetzen aus etw. 由某事物组成

in

sich auskennen in etw. 熟悉，精通某事

sich irren in jm../ etw. 把某人/某事搞错

mit

sich beschftigen mit etw. 从事于，研究某事

nach

sich sehnen nach jm./ etw. 思念 渴望某人/某事

sich richten nach jm. 向某人/某事看齐，以某人/某事为准

von

sich verabschieden von jm. / etw. 向某人/某事告别

sich unterscheiden von jm./ etw. 跟某人/某事区别

vor

sich fürchten vor jm./ etw. 害怕某人/某事

sich hüten vor jm./ etw. 提防某人/某事

sich schmen vor jm. 在某人面前感到羞耻

sich scheuen vor etw. 害怕某事

zu

sich entschlieen zu etw. 决心作某事

3．支配两个介词的反身动词：

sich bedanken bei jm. (D) für etw. (A) 为某事向某人道谢

sich beklagen bei (D) über etw.（A）向某人抱怨某事

sich beschweren bei jm.（D）über etw.（A）某事向某人题意见

sich entschuldigen bei jm.（D）für etw.（A）为某事向某人道歉

sich erkundigen bei jm.（D）nach etw.（D）为某事向某人打听，询问

sich rchen an jm. (D) für etw. (A)为某事向某人复仇，报复

sich streiten mit jm.（D）um etw.（A）为某事跟某人争吵

sich unterhalten mit jm.（D）über jn./ etw.（A）跟某人谈论某事，聊天

此外，反身动词的第一分词作定语时，要保留反身代词：die sich unterhaltenden Freunde 正在聊天的朋友

只有完成体的反身动词的第二分词才能作定语：der versptete Zug 晚点的火车

篇9：非谓语动词 (新课标版高三英语下册教学论文)

非谓语动词专题

不定式的用法：

1．作主语；不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。

To see is to believe.

It’s right to give up smoking.

2．作表语；My job is to help the patient.

3． 作宾语；有些动词后只能用动词不定式作宾语，如：afford, agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, fail, hope, manage, promise, pretend, plan, intend, refuse, wish等。

4．作宾补；动词不定式作动词feel, hear, see, watch, notice, observe等感官动词以及have, let, make等使役动词后面的宾语补足语时，不定式to符号要省略。但如果这些句子变成被动结构时，就必须带to符号。如：

I often hear him sing the song.

He is often heard to sing the song.

注意： 动词不定式在介词but后面时， 如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。另外，在can’t choose but和can’t help but等后面的不定式也省略to。如；

We could do nothing but wait.

We have no choice but to wait.

5．作定语；1）. 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点，工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。如：

There is nothing to worry about.

The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.

Please give me a knife to cut with.

但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。如：

He had no and no place to live.

We found a way to solve this problem.

2）. 当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：

Have you anything to send? / Have you anything to be sent?

3）. 不定式作定语的几种情况：

a.作后置定语可表将来：The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.

b.用来修饰被序数词，最高级等限定的中心词：

He was the best man to do the job.

She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.

c.用来修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, answer, reply, attempt等。如：

Do you have the ability to read and write English?

I have no chance to go sightseing.

6．作状语；表目的，原因，结果或条件。如：

I came here to see you.(目的)

He hurried to the school to find nobody there.(结果)

To look at him, you would like him.(条件)

在某些形容词作表语，表示喜，怒，哀，乐后跟不定式表原因。如：

We were very excited to hear the news.

在带有enough或too的句子里，也常用不定式作状语，表示程度。

He is old enough to go to school.

She is too tired to do the job.

注意：目的状语还可以用in order to或so as to来表示但so as to不能置于句首。

7．作独立成分；如：

To tell you the truth, I have got no money about me.

To be honest, I know nothing about it.

不定式与疑问词who, which, when, where, how, what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语，表语，宾语等。如：

He didn’t know what to say.(宾语)

When and where to hold the meeting is not known yet.(主语)

My question was how to get so many books.(表语)

注意句型：Why not do sth.? Why do sth.?

不定式的主动(to do )和被动(to be done)

判断不定式是主动还是被动，关键看不定式中的动词与主句的主语之间的关系，主动即用“to do”，被动即用“to be done”; 如果与主句主语之间没有关系，则看其与逻辑主语之间的关系，如果是被动，则用“to be done”.试比较：

1) I have some clothes to wash, so I can’t go out now.(自己洗衣服)

2) Are you free now? I have some clothes to be washed.（叫别人洗衣服）

3) There are five pairs (for you) to choose from. (暗含主语you)

不定式的时态

to do/to be doing/ to have done

He pretended to be reading a book when she went in. (动作正在进行)

I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.(不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前)

不定式符号to的保留问题

有时为了避免重复，可以用来代替前面的不定式，这种情况常出现在下列动词后：expect, prefer, care, mean, forget, want, wish, hope, try以及be glad/happy;would like/love等后。

I have’t been to Hong Kong, but I wish to.

---- Are you on holiday?

---- No, but I’d like to be.

---- I didn’t tell him the news.

---- Oh, you ought to have.

动词-ing形式的用法(过去分词):

1. 动词-ing形式作主语

Seeing is believeing.

Tom’s coming is what we have expected.

-ing或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用-ing作主语

It’s no use/good+doing sth./ It’s of little use/good+doing sth.

It is no use crying over spilt milk.

It is of little good staying up too late every day.

2．动词-ing形式作表语

Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children.

3．动词-ing形式作宾语

以下动词或动词词组后面只接动名词作宾语：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider(考虑), delay, enjoy, imagine, suggest, finish, mind, practise, resist, give up, feel like, keep on, insist on, look forward to, stick to, get down to等。

注意：1). 有些动词或动词词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。如：

forget to do/doing; remember; regret; try; mean; stop; go on; can’t help等。

2). 在动词等动词后直接跟动词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：

allow/advise/forbid/permit doing sth./ sb to do sth.

3). need, want, require其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。如：

Sth. need/requie/want doing=to be done

Sth. be worth doing

Sth. be worthy of being done=be worthy to be done

4．动词-ing形式作定语（过去分词作定语）

前置定语：He asked an embarrassing queation.

后置定语：A little child learning to walk often falls.

= A little child who learns to walk often falls.

注意：动词-ing和过去分词的区别---现在分词表示主动含义或动作正在进行，过去分词表示被动含义或动作已经完成。如：

falling leaves/fallen leaves

boiling water/boiled water

a puzzling look/a puzzled look

Those inviting me to attend the meeting are my friends.

=Those who invite me to attend the meeting are my friends.

Those invited to the meeting are all the top leaders from different countries.

=Those who are invited to the meeting are all the top leaders from different countries.

5．动词-ing形式作状语（过去分词作状语）

分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。

分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间，原因，结果，条件，让步，行为方式，伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while或when引出。如：

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.

Followed by some officials, the leader inspected his army.

Following their teacher, the students went into the classroom.

Being sick, I stayed at home.

Having finished his homework, he went on to watch TV.

Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.

He sat in the armchair, reading the newspaper.

Not hearing from him, I give him a phone call.

When leaving the airport, they waved to us constantly.

现在分词和过去分词的时态与语态

一般式doing/done

完成式having done/ having been done

进行式being done

否定式是not+分词短语

独立成分作状语

有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：

Generally speaking,

Frankly speaking,

Judging from/by,

Considering,

Given,

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇10：高三英语复习（非谓语动词 ） (人教版高三英语上册教学论文)

高三英语复习专题（非谓语动词 ）

(出题人：张伟)

1. -- What’s made you so upset?

-- ______ three tickets to the pop music concert.

A. Lost B. Losing C. Because of losing D. Since I lost

2. Excuse me, but it’s time to have your temperature _______.

A. taking B. to be taken C. take D. taken

3. Though he had often made his sister ______, today he was made _______ by his sister.

A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry

4. I feel like ______ a long walk. Would you like ______ with me?

A. taking; going B. taking; to go C. to take; to go D. to take; going

5. Every minute is made full ______ of ______ our lessons well.

A. to use; studying B. use; studying C. use; to study D. used; studying

6. None of the criminals escaped ______.

A. be punished B. being punished C. to be punished D. punishing

7. Why do you have the lights ______ all night long?

A. burn B. to burn C. burning D. burned

8. ______ the past, our life is much better.

A. Comparing with B. Be compared C. To compare with D. Compared with

9. ______ better attention, the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in

the sky and ______ them light .

A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; giving

10. ______ all the time is the key to ______ progress in English.

A. Practise; making B. Practising; make

C. To practise; making D. To practise; make

11. ______ of plastics, the machines are light in weight.

A. To make B. Having made C. Being made D. Made

12. The ______ morning, the father came into the lonely house, ______ by his naughty boy.

A. following; following B. followed; followed

C. following; followed D. followed; following

13. ______ the exam, the boy was punished by his father.

A. No passing B. Having passed C. Not passing D. Not having passed

14. He is often listened ______ in the next room.

A. to to sing B. to sing C. sing D. sang

15. Is this the watch you wish to ______?

A. have it repaired B. repair it C. have repaired D. have repaired it

16. The way he thought of ______ the problem is practical.

A. solving B. to solve C. how to solve D. how to settle

17. Wet umbrellas are not allowed ______ into the hotel.

A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. taking

18. She returned home only ______ the door open and something ______.

A. to find; missed B. found; to be missing

C. to find; missing D. finding; to be missed

19. I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ______ on the ground on the way home, but unfortunately for

me, I found my color TV set ________ when I got home .

A. lying; stolen B. laying; stealing C. lay; stolen D. lying; stealing

20. -- Did you close the door when you left?

-- Yes, I remember ______ it, for it remains ______.

A. to close; closed B. closing; locking C. to close; to be locked D. closing; locked

21. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse ______ after her son and her daughter and was also pleased

to see children well ______ care of in the nursery.

A. looked; taken B. looking; taken C. looked; took D. looking; taking

22. Victor apologized for ______ to inform me of the change in the plan.

A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able

23. The Bunsen Burner is so famous because it is thought ______ by Robert Bunsen.

A. to be invented B. having been invented

C. invented D. to have been invented

24. Time ______, I can have done it better.

A. permits B. be permitted C. permitting D. to permit

25. We appreciate ______ us to the ball.

A. them to invite B. to invite C. their inviting D. being invited

26. ______ his mother, the baby could not help ______. .

A. To see; to laugh B. Seeing; laughing C. Seeing; to laugh D. To see; laughing

27. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ______ your advice!

A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow

28. People will be encouraged to eat healthy food, ______ and to drink less beer and wine.

A. not to smoke B. don’t smoke C. not smoke D. not smoking

29. ______ in the heavy snow, he walked into an expensive shop.

A. Catching B. Having been caught C. Caught D. To be caught

30. ______ from space, the earth, with water ______ seventy percent of its surface, looks like a

“blue ball”.

A. Seen; covered B. Seen; covering C. Seeing; covering D. Seeing; covering

31. This book is worthy ______ twice.

A. reading B. read C. having been read D. to be read

32. _______, he went to ask his teacher.

A. Not known how to do it B. Unknown what to do

C. Knowing not how to do D. Not knowing how to do it

33. -- I would like to buy an expensive camera.

-- Well, we have several models ______.

A. to choose from B. to choose C. to be chosen D. for choice

34. I regret ______ you that we are unable to offer you employment.

A. informing B. having informed C. to inform D. to informing

35. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before _______.

A. being fully accepted B. fully accepted

C. fully accepting D. fully being accepting

36. It was ______ the radio that the young man spent a whole morning in his room.

A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. to be repairing

37. Autumn ______ on, the leaves on the trees began falling.

A. coming B. come C. comes D. was coming

38. Before he went abroad, he spent as much time as he ______ English.

A. could learning B. learned C. to learn D. could learn

39. Mr. Smith, ______of the ______ speech, started to read a novel.

A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring

40. Mr. Smith stood up in defence of the boy, ______ that he was not the one ______.

A. to say; blamed B. saying; to blame

C. said; blaming D. saying; to be blamed

41. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported ______ since the flood hit the area last

Friday.

A. getting lost B. to be missing

C. having got lost D. to have been missing

42. Isn’t it time you ______ down to ______the papers?

A. get; mark B. got; marking

C. get; marking D. got; being marking

43. ______ and I’ll get the work finished.

A. One more hour B. Given one more hour

C. Have one more hour D. If I have one more hour

44. I can’t stand _____ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses to stop _____ while she works.

A. working; talking B. working; to talk C. to work; talking D. to work; to talk

45. To his disappointment, the opinion he had stuck to ______ wrong.

A. turn out B. turned out C. turning out D. was turned out

46. Such ______ the case, I couldn’t help but ______ him.

A. being; support B. is; to support C. has been; supporting D. be; supported

47. The noise of the desks ______ could be heard in the next classroom.

A. being opened and closed B. opened and closed

C. having been opened and closed D. to be opened and closed

48. Generally ______, when ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.

A. speaking; taking B. spoken; taken

C. speaking; taken D. spoken; to be taken

49. The earthquake ____ the tsunami(海啸) happened deep under the sea, ___ over 200,000 people.

A. caused; killed B. caused; killing C. causing; killed D. causing; killing

50. Walking out of the room with a _____ smile on his face, he turned _____ goodbye to the host.

A. forcing; to say B. forced; saying C. forcing; saying D. forced; to say

51. With two children ______ university this September, the parents are working hard.

A. attended B. attending C. to attend D. having attended

52. The car burns more fuel. But ___ it or not, ____ all things into consideration, it’s still a good car.

A. believe; taking B. believe; taken

C. to believe; to take D. to believe; having taken

53. The story ______ by the writer is very ______ with many middle school students in China.

A. /; popular B. written; welcome C. writing; agreed D. written; pleased

54. It’s no use ______ with him. You might as well ______ with a stone wall.

A. arguing; argue B. to argue; arguing C. arguing; arguing D. to argue; argue

55. With his son ______, the old man felt _______.

A. disappointed; disappointing B. disappointing; disappointed

C. being disappointed; disappointed D. to disappoint; disappointing

56. It’s ______ cold! I can’t get the engine ______.

A. frozen; go B. freezing; going C. freeze; got D. freezing; to go

57. Finding her car stolen, _______.

A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly

C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman

58. I was cycling in the street when I heard an old woman ______ out a ______ cry and then saw

her bleeding badly.

A. give; frighten B. give; frightened

C. giving; frightening D. to give; frightened

59. Can you imagine a little boy ______ a stranger ______ into the house and ______ a box away?

A. notice; enter; steal B. watching; coming; taking

C. observed; going; getting D. seeing; steal; carry

59. As I will be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate ______ from you now and then ______ me

how everyone is getting along.

A. hearing; tell B. to hear; tell C. hearing; telling D. to hear; to tell

61. Everybody laughed, ______.

A. I included B. me included C. I including D. me including

62. ______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than whose

command of English is poor.

A. Other things being equal B. Other things were equal

C. To be equal to other things D. Other things to be equal

KEY:

1-5 BDABC 6-10 BCDDC 11-15 DCDAC 16-20 BACAD 21-25 BCDCC 26-30 BCACB 31-35 DDACA 36-40 CAAAB 41-45 DBAAB 46-50 AACDD 51-55 CAAAB 56-60 BDBDC 61-62 BA

高三英语复习专题（非谓语动词 ）

(出题人：张伟)

1. -- What’s made you so upset?

-- ______ three tickets to the pop music concert.

A. Lost B. Losing C. Because of losing D. Since I lost

2. Excuse me, but it’s time to have your temperature _______.

A. taking B. to be taken C. take D. taken

3. Though he had often made his sister ______, today he was made _______ by his sister.

A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry

4. I feel like ______ a long walk. Would you like ______ with me?

A. taking; going B. taking; to go C. to take; to go D. to take; going

5. Every minute is made full ______ of ______ our lessons well.

A. to use; studying B. use; studying C. use; to study D. used; studying

6. None of the criminals escaped ______.

A. be punished B. being punished C. to be punished D. punishing

7. Why do you have the lights ______ all night long?

A. burn B. to burn C. burning D. burned

8. ______ the past, our life is much better.

A. Comparing with B. Be compared C. To compare with D. Compared with

9. ______ better attention, the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in

the sky and ______ them light .

A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; giving

10. ______ all the time is the key to ______ progress in English.

A. Practise; making B. Practising; make

C. To practise; making D. To practise; make

11. ______ of plastics, the machines are light in weight.

A. To make B. Having made C. Being made D. Made

12. The ______ morning, the father came into the lonely house, ______ by his naughty boy.

A. following; following B. followed; followed

C. following; followed D. followed; following

13. ______ the exam, the boy was punished by his father.

A. No passing B. Having passed C. Not passing D. Not having passed

14. He is often listened ______ in the next room.

A. to to sing B. to sing C. sing D. sang

15. Is this the watch you wish to ______?

A. have it repaired B. repair it C. have repaired D. have repaired it

16. The way he thought of ______ the problem is practical.

A. solving B. to solve C. how to solve D. how to settle

17. Wet umbrellas are not allowed ______ into the hotel.

A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. taking

18. She returned home only ______ the door open and something ______.

A. to find; missed B. found; to be missing

C. to find; missing D. finding; to be missed

19. I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ______ on the ground on the way home, but unfortunately for

me, I found my color TV set ________ when I got home .

A. lying; stolen B. laying; stealing C. lay; stolen D. lying; stealing

20. -- Did you close the door when you left?

-- Yes, I remember ______ it, for it remains ______.

A. to close; closed B. closing; locking C. to close; to be locked D. closing; locked

21. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse ______ after her son and her daughter and was also pleased

to see children well ______ care of in the nursery.

A. looked; taken B. looking; taken C. looked; took D. looking; taking

22. Victor apologized for ______ to inform me of the change in the plan.

A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able

23. The Bunsen Burner is so famous because it is thought ______ by Robert Bunsen.

A. to be invented B. having been invented

C. invented D. to have been invented

24. Time ______, I can have done it better.

A. permits B. be permitted C. permitting D. to permit

25. We appreciate ______ us to the ball.

A. them to invite B. to invite C. their inviting D. being invited

26. ______ his mother, the baby could not help ______. .

A. To see; to laugh B. Seeing; laughing C. Seeing; to laugh D. To see; laughing

27. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ______ your advice!

A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow

28. People will be encouraged to eat healthy food, ______ and to drink less beer and wine.

A. not to smoke B. don’t smoke C. not smoke D. not smoking

29. ______ in the heavy snow, he walked into an expensive shop.

A. Catching B. Having been caught C. Caught D. To be caught

30. ______ from space, the earth, with water ______ seventy percent of its surface, looks like a

“blue ball”.

A. Seen; covered B. Seen; covering C. Seeing; covering D. Seeing; covering

31. This book is worthy ______ twice.

A. reading B. read C. having been read D. to be read

32. _______, he went to ask his teacher.

A. Not known how to do it B. Unknown what to do

C. Knowing not how to do D. Not knowing how to do it

33. -- I would like to buy an expensive camera.

-- Well, we have several models ______.

A. to choose from B. to choose C. to be chosen D. for choice

34. I regret ______ you that we are unable to offer you employment.

A. informing B. having informed C. to inform D. to informing

35. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before _______.

A. being fully accepted B. fully accepted

C. fully accepting D. fully being accepting

36. It was ______ the radio that the young man spent a whole morning in his room.

A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. to be repairing

37. Autumn ______ on, the leaves on the trees began falling.

A. coming B. come C. comes D. was coming

38. Before he went abroad, he spent as much time as he ______ English.

A. could learning B. learned C. to learn D. could learn

39. Mr. Smith, ______of the ______ speech, started to read a novel.

A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring

40. Mr. Smith stood up in defence of the boy, ______ that he was not the one ______.

A. to say; blamed B. saying; to blame

C. said; blaming D. saying; to be blamed

41. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported ______ since the flood hit the area last

Friday.

A. getting lost B. to be missing

C. having got lost D. to have been missing

42. Isn’t it time you ______ down to ______the papers?

A. get; mark B. got; marking

C. get; marking D. got; being marking

43. ______ and I’ll get the work finished.

A. One more hour B. Given one more hour

C. Have one more hour D. If I have one more hour

44. I can’t stand _____ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses to stop _____ while she works.

A. working; talking B. working; to talk C. to work; talking D. to work; to talk

45. To his disappointment, the opinion he had stuck to ______ wrong.

A. turn out B. turned out C. turning out D. was turned out

46. Such ______ the case, I couldn’t help but ______ him.

A. being; support B. is; to support C. has been; supporting D. be; supported

47. The noise of the desks ______ could be heard in the next classroom.

A. being opened and closed B. opened and closed

C. having been opened and closed D. to be opened and closed

48. Generally ______, when ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.

A. speaking; taking B. spoken; taken

C. speaking; taken D. spoken; to be taken

49. The earthquake ____ the tsunami(海啸) happened deep under the sea, ___ over 200,000 people.

A. caused; killed B. caused; killing C. causing; killed D. causing; killing

50. Walking out of the room with a _____ smile on his face, he turned _____ goodbye to the host.

A. forcing; to say B. forced; saying C. forcing; saying D. forced; to say

51. With two children ______ university this September, the parents are working hard.

A. attended B. attending C. to attend D. having attended

52. The car burns more fuel. But ___ it or not, ____ all things into consideration, it’s still a good car.

A. believe; taking B. believe; taken

C. to believe; to take D. to believe; having taken

53. The story ______ by the writer is very ______ with many middle school students in China.

A. /; popular B. written; welcome C. writing; agreed D. written; pleased

54. It’s no use ______ with him. You might as well ______ with a stone wall.

A. arguing; argue B. to argue; arguing C. arguing; arguing D. to argue; argue

55. With his son ______, the old man felt _______.

A. disappointed; disappointing B. disappointing; disappointed

C. being disappointed; disappointed D. to disappoint; disappointing

56. It’s ______ cold! I can’t get the engine ______.

A. frozen; go B. freezing; going C. freeze; got D. freezing; to go

57. Finding her car stolen, _______.

A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly

C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman

58. I was cycling in the street when I heard an old woman ______ out a ______ cry and then saw

her bleeding badly.

A. give; frighten B. give; frightened

C. giving; frightening D. to give; frightened

59. Can you imagine a little boy ______ a stranger ______ into the house and ______ a box away?

A. notice; enter; steal B. watching; coming; taking

C. observed; going; getting D. seeing; steal; carry

59. As I will be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate ______ from you now and then ______ me

how everyone is getting along.

A. hearing; tell B. to hear; tell C. hearing; telling D. to hear; to tell

61. Everybody laughed, ______.

A. I included B. me included C. I including D. me including

62. ______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than whose

command of English is poor.

A. Other things being equal B. Other things were equal

C. To be equal to other things D. Other things to be equal

KEY:

1-5 BDABC 6-10 BCDDC 11-15 DCDAC 16-20 BACAD 21-25 BCDCC 26-30 BCACB 31-35 DDACA 36-40 CAAAB 41-45 DBAAB 46-50 AACDD 51-55 CAAAB 56-60 BDBDC 61-62 BA

高三英语复习专题（非谓语动词 ）

(出题人：张伟)

1. -- What’s made you so upset?

-- ______ three tickets to the pop music concert.

A. Lost B. Losing C. Because of losing D. Since I lost

2. Excuse me, but it’s time to have your temperature _______.

A. taking B. to be taken C. take D. taken

3. Though he had often made his sister ______, today he was made _______ by his sister.

A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry

4. I feel like ______ a long walk. Would you like ______ with me?

A. taking; going B. taking; to go C. to take; to go D. to take; going

5. Every minute is made full ______ of ______ our lessons well.

A. to use; studying B. use; studying C. use; to study D. used; studying

6. None of the criminals escaped ______.

A. be punished B. being punished C. to be punished D. punishing

7. Why do you have the lights ______ all night long?

A. burn B. to burn C. burning D. burned

8. ______ the past, our life is much better.

A. Comparing with B. Be compared C. To compare with D. Compared with

9. ______ better attention, the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in

the sky and ______ them light .

A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; giving

10. ______ all the time is the key to ______ progress in English.

A. Practise; making B. Practising; make

C. To practise; making D. To practise; make

11. ______ of plastics, the machines are light in weight.

A. To make B. Having made C. Being made D. Made

12. The ______ morning, the father came into the lonely house, ______ by his naughty boy.

A. following; following B. followed; followed

C. following; followed D. followed; following

13. ______ the ex

篇11：非谓语动词-动词不定式 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

非谓语动词-动词不定式

问题：

1. 动词不定式在句中可以充当哪些成分？

2. 动词不定式有几种时态和语态的变化?

3. 动词不定式和动名词做主语有什么区别？

4. 介词后可以用动词不定式做宾语吗？

5. 哪些动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语时要省略to?

6. 动词不定式可以做哪些状语呢？

7. 哪些情况下常用动词不定式做定语？

8. 做插入语的动词不定式常见的有哪些？

Exercise 1: 判断：下列动词不定式在句中充当什么成分？

1. I feel lucky to have won a place on this trip.

2. It (the volcano) continued to erupt for the next three days.

3. How amazing it is to see the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago!

4. People started to dig in the area for treasure.

5. It’s hard to imagine how this quiet volcano destroyed the whole city.

6. Tomorrow we are off to Naples to visit the museum.

7. I was too tired to eat anything we were given.

8. Loulan is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD200 to AD500.

9. I am so excited to be here!

10. Suddenly Polly felt a rough hand brush her face.

11. Polly heard it (the stick) hit the step.

12. Polly was beginning to feel frightened again.

13. Would you like to come in and rest for a while?

14. It gives me the chance to pay back the help that people give me when it’s sunny.

15. The shark bumps you to find out if you are fit to be eaten.

Exercise 2: 用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. I hope ____________ (see) you next week.

2. The car needs _________________ (repair) before we go on a trip to Europe.

3. I am sorry ______________ (give) you so much trouble.

4. Don’t pretend ______________ (work) hard. Just do what you should.

5. She is said ___________________ (write) the novel about New York for years.

6. The room seems _________________ (tidy) up already.

7. The meeting is ______________ (hold) tomorrow.

8. I am happy ___________________ (work) with you for so many years.

Exercise 3: 用所给动词的适当形式填空。

9. _____________ (read) aloud is good for your English learning.

10. It’s impossible _______________ (finish) all the homework within two hours.

11. Seeing is _____________ (believe).

12. It’s a waste of time _____________ (argue) with him.

13. It’s no use __________ (discuss) with him since he has made up his mind.

14. It’s important and necessary ________ (master) a foreign language and computer skills.

15. It is my duty __________ (help) you with you English studies.

16. It takes only 2 hours _________ (arrive) in shanghai by bullet train.

Exercise 4: 翻译句子。

17. 我对该干什么感兴趣，而对如何做并不感兴趣。

I’m interested in _________________________________.

18. 他怎么也不去上学。He does everything _______________________________.

19. 我没办法只好放弃这次出国的机会。I had no choice ___________this chance to go abroad.

20. 我没有办法只好依靠自己。 I have got nothing to do ______________________.

Exercise 5:补全句子。

21. 医生劝我多休息。 The doctor advised me __________________________．

22. 我让他们参加我们的讨论。I got them _____________________ in the discussion．

23. 他们在等校长来。They are waiting for the headmaster ______________________.

24. 大家都认为Jack是个勤奋的孩子。

Everyone thought Jack _________________________________．

25. 我们相信它是真的。We believe it ____________________________.

26. 我看见那位女士锁上了门。 I saw the lady ___________________________．

27. 我们没让任何人进来。 We didn’t let anyone ____________________________．

Exercise 6: 用所给动词适当形式填空。

28. His parents died, _____________ (leave) him an orphan.

29. He rushed to the post office only ___________ (find) it was closed.

Exercise 7: 用所给动词适当形式填空。

30. The man __________________(speak) at the meeting now is from America.

31. Do you know the professor _____________(speak) at the meeting tomorrow?

32. He is the professor ______________(invite) to dinner last month.

Key：

Exercise 1: 略

Exercise 2:

1. to see 2. to be repaired/repairing 3. to have given 4. to be working 5. to have been writing 6. to have been tidied 7. to be held 8. to have been working 9. Reading 10. to finish 11. believing 12. arguing 13. discussing 14. to master 15. to help 16. to arrive 17. what to do but not how to do it 18. but go to school 19. but to give up 20. but depend on myself 21. to have some rest. 22. to join us 23. to come 24. to be hardworking 25. to be true 26. lock the door 27. come in 28. leaving 29. to find 30. speaking 31. to speak 32. invited

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇12：将“阅读”进行到底 (中学英语教学论文)

杭州市桐庐县横村第二中心学校

袁旭华

“了解信息，丰富知识，欣赏，获得乐趣，培养和发展阅读技能，在篇章中学习语言知识。”就是这段新课标关于阅读教学目的的阐述，使笔者多年关于“阅读教学教什么、怎么教？”等诸多疑惑有了明确的答案；为笔者后来的教学实践指明了方向。随着教学经验的增长，笔者又逐步加深了对阅读教学的理解，并由此形成了初中英语阅读四步教学法（简称四步法）。

四步法的基本步骤和目标。

四步法希望通过课堂教学活动，使学生对阅读的热情贯穿整个课堂，并将之延续到课后。通过大量任务的

设置和完成，使学生成为课堂的中心；整个课堂遵循“为用而阅读，在用中阅读，阅读后就用”的原则；不单用“读的技能水平”取代综合语言运用能力目标；在通过阅读增加可理解语言输入的同时，在理解基础上不断进行有效输出的实践活动。

步骤1、导读阶段

（阅读的准备 - 前期活动）。

导读的目的是为了激活学生已有的知识能力，适当呈现生词，激活话题；同时激发学生阅读兴趣，提高学生阅读的主动性和自觉性。激活的知识应是指向新的运用能力的已有知识

能力，起到弱化学习困难的目的。学生最感兴趣的导入方法有：

①谈话导入 ②直观导入

③故事情节导入 ④背景知识导入

⑤情景导入 ⑥悬念导入。

各种导入法异曲同工，在具体运用时

常常是相互交叉、渗透。但需注意：导读时间不宜过长，切记喧宾夺主。

步骤2、理解输入和技能训练阶段

（阅读中期活动）。

这一过程既要训练学生各种阅读技能，又要激活学生积极思维；引导学生对语言的逐步深加工，提高语言学习的质量。教师通过一系列的任务指令激活学生三个层面的认知思维能力，逐步加深对篇章的理解，训练多种阅读技能。

认 知

层 面 要求 问题核

心词

识别事物 找到某些语言内容的存在与否，读懂字面意思 Who

When

Where

What

理解和

推理 对语言事实做出解释、说明原因、找到字里行间的隐含意思 How

Why

深加工和应用 归纳和提炼文章观点，并做出评论，需要对文章的整体内容进行题外发挥

步骤3、有效输出的活动阶段

（阅读后续 - 后期活动）。

新课标基础阶段英语课程的总体目标是培养学生的综合语言运用能力，而仅靠语言的可理解输入是不足以掌握英语，形成综合运用英语的能力。因此在理解基础上的有效输出的实践活动，就显得相当重要了。教师可针对教学内容要求学生进行：①转述所读内容 ② 角色扮演 ③讨论解决问题的方法 ④运用联想补充未完成的结局 ⑤摘要等活动巩固所学知识，并创造性的运用所学的知识。

步骤4、课内阅读与课外真实阅读结合

阶段（布置家庭作业）。

教学的最终目的是使学生能运用学到的知识和技能来解决现实的阅读

问题。新课标五级技能水平关于读的目标描述第七条：“除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。”笔者认为课外阅读应该是课内阅读的延续

和扩展。教师应布置能让学生主动去查找资料，进行大量课外阅读的探究性任务作为家庭作业。

JEFC 版BOOK 3个案

Lesson 38

A visit to the museum of Natural History

教学目标及学习结果：

1、增加语言知识，训练阅读技能。

2、掌握游历记叙文的结构和内容，并简略描述自己的经历。

3、理解恐龙的生存年代、种类及神秘消失的事实。

4、分析篇章中学生在游历中的情感变化和导游的工作性质，进行角色扮演。

5、理解Scientists的工作艰苦性，鼓励学生努力学习。

6、布置家庭作业，促成课外阅读进行。

教学步骤：

步骤1：导读（Lead-in）。

1、复习lesson 37，问：

① Who went to the museum?

② When did he/she go there?

③ What did he/she see?

④ How did he/she feel?

2、询问，

Have you ever visited a museum?

小组谈论自己的参观经历，报告结果。

3、告诉学生，今天要学习Lesson 38.板书题目

A visit to the museum of Natural History

学生讨论预测课文内容。列出表格，

Who?

When?

What?

How ?

步骤2：理解输入和技能训练

（While reading）。

1、要求学生用略读法阅读寻找信息，填写上述表格；并作简单陈述。

2、详细阅读课文，判断下例句子真伪，并说出原因。

① The students are happy to go to the dinosaurs world first.

② The students saw a lot of dinosaurs living in the museum.

③ The first dinosaurs appeared 150 million years ago.

④ There were a lot of

3、学生理解scientists的工作性

质，评价Song Dan的志向“I want to be a scientist in the future to study dinosaurs.”并谈谈对自己的将来的设想。

步骤三、有效输出活动

（After reading）。

1、让学生在篇章中找出学生在参观中的情感变化及关键词；理解导游的工作内容和导游应有的素质。

2、分小组准备角色扮演。

3、欣赏、评价各组的表演。

步骤四、课内阅读的课外延伸

（Homework）。

文中说，scientists对恐龙的消失有不同的说法。请大家课后以小组为单位去阅读相关资料，选取自己认为可信的说法，配上图画，在下一节课进行解说。

篇13：不规则动词中的规则 (中学英语教学论文)

一、词形和读音三种完全相同：

cut cut cut cost cost cost

类似的还有hit, hurt, burst, cast, put, set, shut, spread, split

二、过去式与过去分词相同，与原形却不同

1. bring brought brought buy bought bought

fight fought fought think thought thought

seek sought sought catch caught caught

teach taught taught

2. feel felt felt keep kept kept

leave left left sleep slept slept

sweep swept swept spell spelt spelt

meet met met bleed bled bled

lead led led speed sped sped

3. deal dealt dealt lean leant leant

dream dreamt dreamt learn learnt learnt

burn burnt burnt mean meant meant

4. get got got sell sold sold

tell told told hold held held

say said said lay laid laid

pay paid paid have had had

make made made hear heard heard

lose lost lost sit sat sat

stand stood stood shoot shot shot

light lit lit win won won

5. strike struck struck dig dug dug

stick stuck stuck swing swung swung

hang hung hung

6. send sent sent build built built

bend bent bent lend lent lent

spend spent spent

以上的过去分词多以t, d结尾。

三、原形与过去分词相同，却与过去式不同：

come came come become became became

run ran run overcome overcame overcome

四、i-a.u型 即原形的i变为过去式中的a、变为过去分词中的u

begin began begun drink drank drunk

ring rang rung sing sang sung

swim swam swum sink sank sunk

spring sprang sprung

五、型，即三种形式的最后一个字母分别是（除外）

blow blew blown draw drew drawn

grow grew grown know knew known

throw threw thrown fly flew flown

另外：

show showed shown sow sowed sown

六、-en型 即过去分词是以en为结尾

1. rise rose risen drive drove driven

ride rode ridden write wrote written

2. hide hid hidden bite bit bitten

beat beat beaten

2. speak spoke spoken break broke broken

freeze froze frozen steal stole stolen

choose chose chose forget forgot forgotten

3. fall fell fallen give gave given

forbid forbade forbidden forgive forgave forgiven

take took taken shake shook shaken

wake woke waken eat ate eaten

以上只是对不规则动词进行了粗略的分类，还有些常用的不规则动词没有概括进去，如：tear-tore-torn bear-bore-born/ borne lie-lay-lain wear-wore-worn 等等。希望同学们在今后的学习中要不但地总结、归纳和练习，最终能完全自如地运用它们。

（小周）

★ 初中英语作文复习

★ 初中英语总复习课件

★ 高考英语的知识点总结

★ 英语语法表格总结

★ 英语时态总结表格

★ 用--浅谈高考英语卷的语法和词汇 (中学英语教学论文)

★ 高考英语冲刺技巧：方法得当，高分有望

★ 考研英语语法难点精解之分词

★ 高考英语作文指导之“演讲稿”

★ 关于高考英语作文指导

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