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托福写作话题分析：个人理财

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托福写作话题分析：个人理财

篇1：托福写作话题分析：个人理财

托福独立写作之理财性话题

话题分类：理财性话题

考题回忆：

If your friend wants to reduce living expenses, what of the following would you suggest?

1. find a roommate to share the living expense

2. buy technological devices (i.e. cell phones) less frequently

3. buy less expensive food and cook at home.

解题思路：

Find a roommate to share the living expense – can save rent/ utilities (a fairly large portion of living expense in large cities)

Buy technological devices (i.e. cell phones) less frequently – no one buys these things really frequently, normally once or twice a year won’t be effective

Buy less expensive food and cook at home – too busy working ? no time for cooking at home; cooking by oneself does not necessarily save a lot

参考范文：

City dwellers often complain about the high living expense these days. Normally, if they want to reduce their living cost, they can find a roommate, make fewer major purchases or cook at home. Although all these approaches can save money to some extent, the best way is to find a roommate to share the cost.

By finding a roommate, one can immediately cut his or her living expense by a considerable portion. This is because rent and utilities now comprise a major part in the monthly expense for anyone living in a major city. With the influx of so many young people, the rent in large cities is now skyrocketing to record high. Take Shanghai as an example. A two-bedroom apartment in an average community can cost more than 5000 yuan per month. If shared with a roommate, one can immediately save 2500 yuan, which translates into a saving of at least 30000 yuan a year, a saving so great that it can hardly be achieved by resorting to the other two methods. Meanwhile, the utilities can also see a significant decline. After all, air-conditioners and fridges use virtually the same amount of electricity no matter how many people live in an apartment.

Buying fewer technological devices, on the other hand, it not as effective. One reason is that technological devices are getting cheaper, taking up an ever smaller proportion in the monthly expense. Another reason is that, compared with paying for rent and food, people make major purchases such as cell phones or laptops much less frequently. Even if a person really wants to stay in fashion by using the latest cell phone, he or she only has to buy a new one once a year. This could easily be saved by sharing the aforementioned apartment with a roommate for two or three months. Delaying the purchase, however, could either be a heavy blow on the ego, or on efficiency, as many people now rely on smartphones and laptops to finish a lot of tasks.

Cooking at home is also an ineffective approach because young people these days can hardly squeeze time to cook after a whole day’s work. As we know, cooking at home can be a time-consuming task, as it involves buying meat and vegetable, followed by washing, cutting and cooking. Normally, this task may take up to two hours every day. The truth is, with so many hours spent on the road or working overtime in the company, young employees tend to arrive at home at 7 p.m. or later. It would be impossible for them to wait another two hours before tucking into a delicious meal. Also, cooking by oneself does not necessarily save money since one tends to buy more than he or she can consume, leading to a waste of money.

In conclusion, the best way to reduce the monthly cost is to find a roommate to share the rent and utilities, rather than trying to economize on technological devices or food.

托福独立写作真题范文：从小学会理财才能经济独立

考题出现时间：-5-9CN,2009-5-9NA，-1-15NA

题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: To become financially responsible individuals, people should be taught how to manage money at a young age.

答题思路：

观点：I agree with the statement: to become financially responsible individuals, people should be taught how to manage money at a young age.

论点1(支持)：We all know that how important to be a financially responsible individual is, because this is related to the quality of our life.

论点2(支持)：The habits we develop when we are young will have a great influence on the life and work afterwards.

论点3(支持)：Another benefit for children to manage money at a young age is that they will learn the difficulties their parents raise them.

托福独立写作真题范文：从小学会理财才能经济独立参考范文：

I agree with the statement: to become financially responsible individuals, people should be taught how to manage money at a young age. To illustrate the statement, here are three reasons.

To begin with, as everyone knows, managing money is not an easy and comfortable job. It is a long time work. And also, we all know that how important to be a financially responsible individual is, because this is related to the quality of our life. Therefore, we should try our best to become financially responsible individuals. Do we become this kind of persons if we say we are? Of course not, we should be trained. It is the most effective way to teach us the knowledge when we are young, managing money is not an easy and comfortable job

Moreover, the habits we develop when we are young will have a great influence on the life and work afterwards. Bill Gates, who is one of the wealthy men in the world, said that he would let his children manage their money from their early age. The ways of thinking and ways of behavior lay the foundation of our whole life. Learning how to manage money at a young age will inevitably benefit our future. This period of time is also a good time for us to learn, to grasp more knowledge. So, the training of managing money should start from the childhood or the young stage.

Another benefit for children to manage money at a young age is that they will learn the difficulties their parents raise them. With the development of economy, children can almost get anything they want. They don’t know how precious their life is. The consequence of this is that they don’t know to show their thanks to their parents. Managing money will help them know they should be thankful to parents and express their love to their parents. Managing money seems a thing of little importance, but it can help a family become more and more warm and united.

To conclude, it is very important to teach children managing money at a young stage. This will help children to be a financially responsible individual in the future and also help families to be more united.

托福培训丨托福写作抽象类话题怎么破系列之：金钱话题

关于金钱(money)的话题：

1). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

People who do not have to work because they have enough money are barely happy.(抽象类，快乐与钱).11.3

因为有很多钱，所以不用工作的人们，很少有开心的。

2). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

The main purpose for people who have jobs is for money rather than social status.(抽象类，钱与地位).5.26

人们工作的主要目的是为了挣钱而不是为了社会地位。

3). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Teachers should be paid according to what their students’ perform.(老师)(学生)(钱)2007.10.28 & 2009.8.8

教师应该根据学生的表现获得报酬。

4). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

To improve the quality of education, universities should spend more money on professors’ salaries.(老师)(钱)2010.11.13 & 2012.8.17

(类似考题：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way to improve the quality of education in a country is to increase teachers’ salaries. (111210CNW2=090403NAW2) 为了增加教育质量，大学应该花更多钱在教授的工资上。)

5). A high school has decided that all students must take a class in which they learn a practical skill. School administrators are trying to decide whether to hold a class in cooking, managing personal finances or auto repair. Which do you think the school should require students to take? Why?

高中决定给所有学生开设一门培养实际技能的课程，学校的管理者在这三者之中纠结：开设厨艺课?开设个人理财课?还是开设汽车修理课?你认为哪个最合适?为什么?

6). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Parents should give money to the school-children for their high marks they get in exams.(家长)(孩子)2009.11.21

家长应该给孩子钱作为考试高分奖励。

7). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

To become financially responsible adults, children should learn to manage money at a very young age.(孩子)(钱)2009.5.9

要成为有财政责任的成年人，孩子在很小的年龄就应该学会理财。

8). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

To achieve successful development of a country, a government should focus its budgets more on young children’s education rather than on universities.(孩子)(大学)2009.11.7 & 2012.8.25

一个国家要想成功发展，政府的预算应该集中在年轻孩子教育的培养上而不是大学上。

9). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

People should pay to use public transportation. 2007.12.1

人们应该付钱去使用公共交通工具。

10). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:

The government should spend more money on improving access to the Internet than on the public transportation. (Government) .5.16

政府应该花钱在改善网络覆盖率还是花钱在公共交通工具上。

11). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Drivers should pay a fee for driving in busy city streets when traffic is in a great amount.(社会类，社会规则)2007.1.14

司机应该在繁忙的城市街道上行驶的时候多交一部分费用。

12). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

It is better to spend money traveling and vacation instead of saving it in the bank for future.(社会类，旅游)2007.10.21

(类似考题：In your opinion, which one is better? To spend money on something that lasts for a long time, such as valuable jewelry, or spend your money on short term pleasure such as vacation?(抽象类，价值观)2007.5.18 在你的想法中，花钱在持续时间很长的东西(如珍贵的珠宝)上，还是花钱在及时行乐(如度假)上。)

13). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:

Universities should spend more money in buying facilities than hiring famous professors. 2012.8.17

大学应该花钱在购买设备方面还是应该花钱在雇用有名的教授方面。

14). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Advertisement is a waste of time and money, because customers already know what they want.(社会类，媒体)2007.12.8

广告是很浪费金钱和时间的行为，因为客人已经知道他们想要的是什么了。

15). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

It is more important for the government to spend money on art museums and concert halls than on recreational facilities such as swimming pools and playgrounds.(社会类，政府)2009.9.19

政府应该花钱在艺术馆和音乐厅上面，而不是娱乐设施(如游泳池或游乐场)方面。

16). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

More and more people are spending money on their pets, even though there can be other good ways to spend money.(环境类，动物)2010.8.13

越来越多的人花钱在他们的宠物上，即使有更多好的方式花钱。

以上总结出来关于金钱的话题大体可以分成3种类型，第一类话题：确实是比较抽象的话题，比如说钱和幸福感，钱与社会地位(1-2题)，这类话题中的钱是个比较模糊的概念，很大。第二类话题：牵扯到很多具体的小话题，如老师的工资问题(salary)，个人理财问题(personal finance)，钱作为奖励孩子学习成绩问题(reward)，以及人们应不应该付费使用交通工具问题(pay for public transportation)，这些话题具体并且和钱息息相关。第三类话题：是政府应不应该花钱在这方面或者那方面，人们要不要花钱在这方面或那方面，主要针对艺术，体育设施，旅游等消费上，这类话题，其实和钱关系不是太大，只是想通过钱来表现哪个方面更重要，但是同学们也不应该忽视这些方面是不是需要钱来资助这个逆向思维。但是总体来说托福考试与钱相关考的东西还是比较多的，下面我们来详细分析一下这三类问题如何突破。

第一类：关于钱的抽象类话题

这个在系列文章一关于钱和幸福感(happiness)以及系列文章二关于钱与社会地位(social status)的问题上都给大家简单分析过，钱与幸福感的关系非常小，主要集中在钱能带来基本的、表面的物质需求和快乐：External, momentary pleasure (tasty food, warm baths, etc.) People with enough money to make ends meet are happier than people who are poor, but beyond that more money doesn’t make much difference. 幸福感不仅仅来源于外在的快感，如好吃的食物，温暖的淋浴，更多的来源于具有挑战性的活动，社交生活或者人际关系，有意义的生活，以及获得成功之后的成就感。钱与社会地位什么更重要当然也是社会地位，因为社会地位的意义更加广泛，而钱有太多的限制性。这些在之前都给大家分析过，在此不在赘述。

第二类：牵扯到很多具体的小话题

第二类话题牵扯到很多小话题，如老师的工资问题(salary)，个人理财问题(personal finance)，钱作为奖励孩子努力学习问题(reward)，人们应不应该付费使用公共交通工具问题(pay for public transportation)，以及驾驶车的人是否应该在繁忙的街道多付费用问题(driver should pay additional fee in busy street)，我们来看看老外对这几个方面是如何理解的。

1. 老师的工资salary问题：

老师工资的问题托福一般有两个常见考题：1). 老师工资要不要和学生的表现挂钩。2). 大学应该花钱提高老师工资来提高教学质量。对于这些题目大家可能需要对国外的教师工资情况略知一二，这样比较容易写到老外心坎上去，如果按照中国老师的现状想当然来写，不一定符合老外的国情，也可能导致老外看不太懂，或者觉得我们说服力不够强。

首先我们来欣赏一下美国教师的平均工资水平(Average teacher salaries)，各个州是不一样的，这些数据可以作为开头段引入或中间论证使用，看起来还是非常本土高大上的。

California had the nation's highest average salary in -03, at $55,693. States joining California in the top tier(在最高等级) were Michigan, at $54,020; Connecticut, at $53,962; New Jersey, at $53,872; and the District of Columbia, at $53,194.

South Dakota had the lowest average salary in 2002-03, at $32,414. The other states in the bottom tier were Montana, at $35,754; Mississippi, at $35,135; North Dakota, at $33,869; and Oklahoma, at $33,277. Also in the lowest tier were the Virgin Islands, at $34,764; Guam at $34,738; and Puerto Rico, at $22,164.

如果想对比其他职业的工资如，医生(physician/doctor)，律师(lawyer)工资，可以参考以下图表;

Physicians / Doctors Median Salary by Job:

Job

National Salary Data

Physician / Doctor, Internal Medicine

$172,579

Family Physician / Doctor

$162,867

Physician / Doctor, General Practice

$141,076

Physician / Doctor, Emergency Room (ER)

$210,400

Physician / Doctor, Radiologist

$285,984

Physician / Doctor, Neurologist

$200,233

Physician / Doctor, Oncologist

$245,010

Attorney / Lawyer Salary

(United States)

The average pay for an Attorney / Lawyer is $76,789 per year. Experience has a moderate effect on salary for this job.

National Salary Data

Salary

$45,769 - $149,455

Bonus

$0.00 - $23,058

Profit Sharing

$969 - $30,195

Commission

$0.00 - $36,241

Total Pay

$46,555 - $170,988

很显然，在美国教师的工资对比医生和律师是不高的，以下有一段直接点明了这一点：

According to a study done by the National Education Association, 50% of teachers leave the profession within five years because of poor working conditions and low salaries.

除了国外老师的工资背景需要知道以外，还需要了解老师这个行业的福利条件，这样写作的时候思路就会相对较广，比如针对第4题托福写作考题，有时候不提高工资，提高福利也可以刺激到老师提高教学质量，如以下这一段：

Teacher’s contracts may include long-term disability insurance(长期伤残保险), life insurance(人寿保险), and emergency/personal leave(应急事物/事假) and investment options(投资的选择). Many teachers take advantage of the opportunity to increase their income by supervising after-school programs and other extracurricular activities(课外活动). In addition to monetary compensation(财政补偿), public school teachers may also enjoy greater benefits (like health insurance健康险) compared to other occupations(职业). Merit pay systems(绩效工资制度) are on the rise for teachers, paying teachers extra money based on excellent classroom evaluations, high test scores and for high success at their overall school. Also, with the advent of the internet, many teachers are now selling their lesson plans to other teachers through the web in order to earn supplemental income, most notably on TeachersPayTeachers.com

以上这段维基百科中对老师的描述中有一些词组和词汇意群可以供大家使用及参考，如welfare benefits: Long-term disability insurance(protect an employee from loss of income in the event that he or she is unable to work due to illness, injury, or accident for long period of time保护员工因为疾病、受伤或事故长时间无法工作), life insurance, and emergency/personal leave and investment options.(福利制度：保险，假期，投资)，并且已经开始涉及托福具体写作话题，如老师工资与学生表现挂钩，并且很多学校已经开始实施学生表现好就给老师额外的merit pay systems(绩效)：paying teachers extra money based on excellent classroom evaluations, high test scores and for high success at their overall school。那么具体这样做有哪些好处，怎样针对第3题论证，我们看看老外又是如何描述的。

There is little doubt that to improve the education of public school students, the way teachers are recruited, educated, certified, hired, and tenured must be changed,” writes Rodney Clifton, a professor emeritus at the University of Manitoba and author of the report. “They must have incentives(激励制度) to work diligently at helping students achieve academically. School level administrators, in turn, must have incentives to help teachers teach the core subjects well and to help other school personnel make valuable contributions to the students’ academic achievement.”

很显然，这一段老外清晰的表达出了自己的观点，老师的各种制度比如说入职，受教育，任期等等都应该改变，都应该围绕着学生的学业表现来重新划分奖励机制，这样有助于更好的帮助老师围绕学生的学业展开教学。其中一些非常实用的表达有：“recruited, educated, certified, hired, and tenured must be changed(录取，教育，资质评判，雇佣，任期)”，这句话中的“tenure”是指a contractual right of a teacher or professor not to have his or her position terminated without just cause(老师或教授不会因为不合理的理由被开除，也就是终身教授制度), “incentives to work diligently at helping students achieve academically(刺激他们更加勤奋地工作来帮助学生完成学业)”，“teach the core subjects(教授核心知识)”，“school personnel(学校的人员)”。

2. 个人理财(personal finance)问题：

关于个人理财问题，这类考点不多，但是中国学生普遍不是很会写，主要针对孩子是不是应该从小开始理财，高中要不要开设理财课，以及一般人们如何花钱比较合理这几个方面展开的。那么为什么中国孩子不会写呢，因为他们从小也没有什么理财经验，都是爸妈给管着钱，所以一谈到什么叫做personal finance management他们就傻眼了，文章中不断出现这个词组但是却没有充实的内容支撑。而相反，老外从小就开始培养孩子的独立意识，其中一种独立能力叫做自己管理自己的小金库，一想到这，笔者就想起小时候学习新概念中的一篇文章“Fifty pence worth of trouble”的两段：

Children always appreciate small gifts of money. Father, of course, provides a regular supply of pocket-money, but uncles and aunts are always a source of extra income. With some children, small sums go a long way. If sixpences are not exchanged for sweets, they rattle for months inside money-boxes.(在储钱罐里嘎嘎作响好几个月)Only very thrifty children manage to(成功做某事)fill up a money-box. For most of them, sixpence is a small price to pay for a satisfying bar of chocolate.

My nephew, George, has a money-box but it is always empty. Very few of the sixpences I have given him have found their way there. I gave him sixpence yesterday and advised him to save it. Instead, he bought himself sixpence worth of trouble. On his way to the sweet shop, he dropped his sixpence and it rolled along the pavement and then disappeared down a drain. George took off.

仔细分析一下这两段简直就是老外那些不会理财孩子蠢萌的表现，并且也不得不称赞新概念文章中的语言还是经典之经典，开头段那一连串的同义互换简直就绝了：small gifts of money=a regular supply of pocket-money=a source of extra income=small sums=sixpences=Very few of the sixpences, 除此之外，“rattle”, “found their way there”, “sixpence worth of trouble”都非常形象和生动，学生如果能参照写出如此生动的托福开头或者中间的举例段就再好不过了。

转入正题，那么到底为什么要培养孩子的个人理财能力呢，理财具体包括什么内容呢，首先要知道孩子的理财我们先必须了解大人的理财行为是什么，我们来参考以下老外对于理财见解的原文(原文中有许多关于什么是personal finance management的介绍，解决了之前这个词组在学生眼中的抽象性)：

1). Create an exact record of expenses over the next 30 days.(Make a List of Your Expenses: The first step in making a realistic budget(一个实际的预算) is figuring out where your money goes. To keep track, make an expense record(跟踪，做消费记录). Record every expense you pay by cash or cash equivalent -- check, ATM or debit card, or automatic bank withdrawal.(记录下每一笔用现金或者使用支票，自动取款机取出来的钱，借记卡，或者自助银行的取款)When you make a payment on a credit card bill(信用卡账单), list the items paid for. At the end of the months, list seasonal, annual, semi-annual, or quarterly expenses (列出每季度，每年，每半年，每三个月的花费)you incur (引起)but did not pay during your month recording period.

2). Categorize your expenses. You may be amazed at how much money simply slips through your fingers(花钱如流水)right now. The most common are property taxes, car registration and maintenance, magazine subscriptions, tax preparation fees, insurance payments, and seasonal expenses such as summer camp fees or holiday gifts.(常见的花费主要是产权税，车辆登记和维护，杂志订阅，商品税，保险金，还有些季度消费如假期野营和节假日礼物)

3). Determine your “hidden” monthly expenses: car insurance, taxes, dues, membership fees, gifts,(汽车保险，税，手续费，会费，礼物金额) etc. and figure out how much you spend on average per month for these expenses.

4). Look for expenses that you can cut and plan on how you will cut them.(节省开支)It may be helpful to start slowly. Determine how much you will be able to put into savings each month given these cuts.

5). Open a savings account.(开一个存钱的账户) Each month, when you are paying your other monthly bills, write another check to cover your hidden expenses and put it into savings. When you get a bill in this category, pay it from savings.

6). Conceal or cut up your credit cards to help eliminate random purchases.(减少随意的花费)

7). Deposit your excess money each month in savings

8). Whenever you get unexpected money - a raise, a bonus, a refund, a present - put it directly into savings to apply toward your financial goals.

看了这几段之后同学们应该对理财这个概念不陌生也不模糊了，里面使用了大量的和理财相关的词组和词汇，比如说：“cash or cash equivalent -- check, ATM or debit card, or automatic bank withdrawal”, “credit card bill(信用卡账单)”, “list seasonal, annual, semi-annual, or quarterly expenses”, “saving account”等等，都已给大家用横线标出，非常实用，总的来说，老外成年人的理财指的主要是1). budget(预算);2). expend(花费);3). saving(存钱);4). income(收入)，也就是收支要平衡，然后结余的钱省下来存起来，以备不时之需，那么孩子的理财是否也是类似的呢?我们来看一下：

1). Saving is earning. First, I will teach my children to save money at early stage. This would increase the importance of money in Children. 增加孩子对钱的意识。

2). Will try to show all the expenses made for family. They need to understand how each rupee is coming and going from the pocket. 他们需要懂得每分钱是怎么挣来的和花掉的，在此“rupee”本意是卢比，在这里指代的是辛苦钱。

3). Make them understand what is needy? And what is luxury? 知道什么是需要花钱的，什么花钱就是浪费，在这里“what is luxury”并不仅仅指代的是奢侈品，而是不需要花掉的钱。

4). Will open bank account for them and ask them to deposit their savings into their account. They should feel that is their money and should know how their money is growing in the Bank account. 开账户存钱，这是一种投资，其中“how money is growing in the bank account”使用得非常形象。

5). Also learn them to contribute some portion of the money to the poor or needy persons. They will come to know the importance of money and the joy of giving. 培养正确的价值观，钱不是万能的，给予是快乐的。

从以上几点可以看出，对于孩子来说，理财的做法和大人差不多，无怪乎是一些saving, expending, 意义也和大人差不多，主要为了培养孩子将来对钱的价值观和如何管理自己的财产有关系，里面使用了非常多的形象短语供大家使用。

除此之外，老外还有一些早教书籍供孩子学习一些理财知识，在这里也可以和大家普及一下，写作文的时候可以作为例子使用：

Here are five books that teach valuable money lessons and remain favorites of our children.

1). “Lemonade in Winter” by Emily Jenkins and G. Brian Karas focuses on two siblings who make the interesting choice to open a lemonade stand(摊点) in the middle of winter. The book features a catchy refrain(吸引人的挫折) about lemonade while telling a story about how sometimes great ideas don’t turn out like you hope(如你所愿).

“Lemonade in Winter” teaches the very basics of entrepreneurship and a small amount of basic math. Age range: 2 to 7 year olds.(教育关于企业家，创业者的基本知识并且教授一些基本数学。)

2). “Bunny Money” by Rosemary Wells is a “Max and Ruby” story, as it centers around a pair of bunny siblings(兄弟姐妹) familiar to most parents of young children today. In this story, Ruby has saved $100 to buy her grandmother a birthday present, but various unexpected events befall(落到) Ruby and Max, causing some of that money to disappear. Will they have enough to buy the gifts for grandmother?

“Bunny Money” teaches basic money math, such as addition and subtraction, as well as the idea of a budget and how emergencies can tear through your money. Age range: 3 to 7 year olds(教授基本的数学，如加法，减法，预算，和紧急事故发生后如何需要钱的)

3). “Joseph Had a Little Overcoat” by Simms Taback tells the story of a frugal(节省的，朴素的)man who has a nice overcoat, but he wears it a lot and it begins to wear out.(磨破)Eventually, he reuses the material to make a jacket, then a vest, then various other things until it becomes a cloth button. The book won a Caldecott Medal for its wonderful drawings which not only bring Joseph’s world to life(让Joseph重生), but also clearly show how the material from Joseph’s overcoat is reused to make other things.

“Joseph Had a Little Overcoat” teaches frugality and the idea of reusing things, because even items that are worn out can still have valuable use. Age range: 3 to 8 year olds. 教会孩子通过重复使用东西来节省，因为即使东西被用坏了也是有使用价值的。

4). “Annie’s Adventures” by Lauren Baratz-Logsted is the first in an ongoing series called “The Sisters 8” about orphaned octuplet(八胞胎孤儿) girls whose parents disappear. In this volume, the titular Annie ends up having to figure out their parents’ financial situation, including how to write checks, interpret bills and eventually pay for all of it(写支票，理解账单，最终买单). It’s a gentle and humorous introduction into the reality of adult finances couched in an enjoyable, simple adventure.(这是一个依赖有趣和简单的冒险方式非常委婉和幽默地介绍成人世界的财政)

“Annie’s Adventures” teaches the basics of earning money and paying bills, including the use of checks. There are also elements (in this book and the rest of the series) of entrepreneurship, frugality and money management decisions. Age range: 6 to 12 year olds (教会了孩子赚钱和买单的基本技能，包括使用支票，以及创业，节省，钱的管理决定等)

5). “The Lemonade War” by Jacqueline Davies is the first in a series about two siblings who open up competing lemonade stands. The story escalates(升级)as the siblings use their skills and a few ideas about entrepreneurship to drive their “lemonade war” to amusing heights.(把战争推向了新高度)

“The Lemonade War” teaches the basics of entrepreneurship, planning and money management in the context of an enjoyable adventure story that hits upon the lives of upper elementary children. Age range: 8 to 12 year olds(使用适合高阶段有趣的冒险故事教会了人们创业精神，计划和管理钱财)

3. 孩子学习要不要money reward的问题：

接着我们来看关于钱的另外几个问题，其中一个是孩子要不要使用钱来刺激学习，这个不管在国内还是国外都是一个比较常见的现象，可能在中国更加频繁一些，所以这个题目相对来说不是很难，我们来看看老外是如何解析的：

Many parents who are willing to pay their children for good grades will argue that it is a child’s job to go to school and learn. Therefore, they should be compensated for positive results just as they are at their jobs. If you ask me, this would be the weakest argument for those on the “pro” side of this practice. Logically speaking, it does make sense, but one could counter that not all jobs are rewarded with money. Parents do not clean the house for money. People at unpaid internships get nothing but experience and networking opportunities.Some “jobs” serve not as money-making opportunities, but as character and experience builders. For example, personal growth is one of the main benefits of learning in a classroom with fellow students, which should be payment enough for children.

这一段使用了驳论法，主要针对一些人同意孩子应该用钱来鼓励这个点是行不通的进行说理，认为孩子在学校学习得更多的是经验和与人相处的技能，而不仅仅是学业上的进步，因此不应该用钱来鼓励孩子，不应该让孩子认为学习就是赚钱的过程。

Another “pro” argument is that the promise of money for grades increases the students’ drive for success and good marks soon follow. Salespeople often get bonuses for high sales numbers, so why not apply this same philosophy to your student in hopes that the potential for income increases effort? One argument against this line of thinking is that kids do not understand the importance of earning money and often don’t really need their own money. If the money does not matter to them, the grades won’t matter. Thus, the promise of getting paid as a reward for good grades is not really a reward. The same argument can be applied to a child that you pay to do tasks around the house. If it comes to a choice of earning $5 to mow the lawn or continuing to play Halo, the kid may not care about the money; he would rather continue his game. To be effective, you must first teach your children how to handle money.

这段同样使用了驳论法，先是提出一部分人赞同的想法就是可以用钱来鼓励孩子，就像成人世界中用钱来鼓励销售一样的道理，但是问题是孩子并不理解钱的重要性，这样即使给孩子钱作为奖励，一旦孩子觉得钱并不重要，这样学习的动力自然也就没有了(作者还举了例子)，所以要用钱来奖励孩子不如先教会孩子如何处理钱的问题。

This practice can also get the parents into a bad mindset (使得家长有错误的想法)of thinking money is all that matters to the kid. If a student is struggling, will these parents do everything in their power to have a conversation with teachers or assist with the child’s homework? Would the parents take away driving privileges and time away from friends? Or would they simply threaten to stop paying the kid money? Is the threat of lost money truly enough to entice the student to buckle down and do what is necessary to turn things around in school?

这一段直接点明了给孩子钱作为奖励的问题：比如钱是衡量一切的标准，家长会为此剥夺孩子的课余时间?等等这段里面使用了许多有用的短语，如：“get into a bad mindset”可以代替“wrong thinking”, “do everything in their power”可以代替“try their best”, 以及“driving privileges”(开车的特权), “entice sb. to do sth”(诱惑某人做某事),“buckle down(尽全力做某事)”, “do what is necessary to turn things around”(做应该做的事使情况好转)。

4. 公共交通上花钱(pay for public transportation)问题：

其次：对于老百姓要不要在公共交通上花钱，中国孩子一般都会觉得老外的福利好，对于这种福利肯定也不会错过，所以一般会写不赞同，然后把责任转嫁到政府头上去，觉得政府应该这样，政府应该那样，政府就是万能的救世主，很多考官看到中国孩子的作文都觉得很有意思，因为想法确实会有区别，实际上老外也是很纠结的，一部分认为赞同，一部分认为不赞同，但是大部分还是觉得我们应该自行付这笔费用：

人们应该自行去付公共交通工具的费用：

理由一(不会给政府、纳税者和交通造成压力)：

I think that public transportation should be paid for by the people using it, because a lot of people who do not own a vehicle use it to go to and from work. I do not think that the government should pay for public transportation. There are a lot of people who use public transportation to travel to and from work because they do not own a vehicle, or choose not to use it to go to work. I think that they have the income to pay for a ride to and from work. I think that if the government started to foot the bill(承担费用) for public transportation, then everyone would park their vehicles(在这里是不再使用车的形象表达) and take the bus to work, especially with the cost of gas now. This will only put a bigger burden on(造成更重的负担) the taxpayers who are more than likely working class(工薪阶层) Americans who do drive to work, in their own vehicles, and have to purchase their own gas. This would not be at all fair to them.

Free public transport may be misused(被滥用) by people and may affect the financial status(影响财政地位)of government. Present culture of(当前) paying for their travel is the best way of transport. If public travelling is made free it may be misused by some people. It may also affect the financial status of government. Even they may suffer from loss of income(受到收入减少的影响) from transport department. Some may have unnecessary travel(不必要的旅行)affecting others. It may lead to congestion and crowd(拥堵) in public transport.

理由二(政府应该资助那些更核心的方面，而交通费用并不核心，也不贵)：

All public transport should not be free and paid for by the government because there are more impotent things(无能为力的事情需要被负担) to pay for. In my opinion, there are more important things that the government should support and fully cover(完全承担), like hospitals, fire and police departments, and maybe even schools.(政府应该承担如医院，救火，警察部门甚至是学校的费用) They could even support child care or children hospitals more, because they can't be fully free. Transport is cheap enough as it is.(当前的交通费用已经很便宜了)The government can't pay for everything.

Public transport should not be paid for by the governments because it cannot be afforded. Public transport should not be free and paid for by the government because government cannot afford to pay for it unless other vital services to the general public are cut drastically. The possibility of free public transportation falls far below the necessities of other services and should be prioritized according to importance of maintaining a viable society.

人们不应该自行去付公共交通工具的费用：

理由一(增加就业，促进经济发展)：

Good for the Common People in the Economy I'm not for entitlements, but when the government pays for a good or service and it benefits the economy as a whole it's not an entitlement. If everyone can get from point A to point B whenever they have to for free this creates the potential for great upward mobility.(造成一个潜在的增加流动性的危险) This would reduce unemployment as job opportunities could be searched for in a wider area for people without cars. We should include not just intracity but intercity(不仅仅是市内交通，更要发展城市间的交通) and even magnet trains (甚至是磁悬浮列车)to allow for even interstate commutation(洲际交流) between states further away from each other.

理由二(环保，省钱：这个点是中国孩子想不到的，因为国外，特别是美国公共交通如火车汽车等的费用有时候比自己开车多多了，后面作者还举了一个10美元的小例子)：

Good for the ecosystem. It would save the planet from global warming and in turn(反过来) would save money because more people would be using the same car saving millions. It costs almost $10 for a one way trip across town and for many people this could pay for dinner.(单程过一个镇子几乎要花掉10美金并且对于很多人来说这个钱都可以付晚餐了)On top of this it (除此之外)would reduce congestion on the road. More public transport would reduce global warming by taking cars off our roads.(更多的公共交通会通过减少车从而减少全球变暖状况)

Free public transport would reduce the number of cars on the road. Global warming is a serious issue and, if public transport was free, more people would use it, taking cars off the road. 1 train could take cars off the road. A public transport system with 20 trains could take 40,000 cars off the road. Some people would simply choose to not own cars, further reducing the number of cars on the road. Across dozens of cities in a nation and thousands world-wide, the result of free public transport would be dramatic in cutting vehicle emissions and combating global warming.(减少汽车尾气以及抵抗全球变暖)

5. 关于开车人要在繁忙街道付额外费用的问题driver should pay additional fee in busy street or not：

这个问题实际上和上个要不要给公共交通付钱问题比较类似，牵扯到的话题主要是环保，政府的职能以及每个公民的义务，所以观点和词汇上比较相近，就不赘述了。

第三类：关于钱的话题(和钱的关系不大，主要通过钱来衡量事物的重要性)：

这类话题的题目非常多，主要集中在政府应不应该花钱在这方面或者那方面，个人要不要花钱在这方面或那方面，公司，机构，组织，学校要不要花钱在这方面或那方面，主要针对艺术，体育设施，旅游，员工工资激励，学校设施，短期娱乐，长期投资，环保等消费或花费上，当然还有一些比较偏和细小的话题，比如要不要花钱在宠物身上，广告上等。这类话题其实和钱关系不是太大，只是想通过钱来表现哪个方面更重要，所以在这些问题的思路上主要还是根据个体事物的特点出发，比如政府应该在基础设施上花多的钱还是在音乐厅美术馆上花更多的钱，这种题目就可以分别讨论基础设施的优缺点以及美术馆音乐厅这些娱乐方式的优缺点，从中选出自己认为的最优项，但是同时同学们也不应该忽视这些方面是不是需要钱来资助这个逆向思维。这些个别的话题特点我们将放在以后的政府类，教育类中详细讨论。

篇2：托福写作话题分析：open-minded

托福写作真题题目：

6月18日托福独立写作真题回顾

To be a successful person, one must be open to new ideas and willing to change his or her mind. (160618大陆)

6月18日托福独立写作点睛：

题目大意：要想取得成功，人们必须要接受新的观点并且愿意改变自己原有的观点。此题目选择同意比较好写，在去想分论点时，有两种方式可以用：第一种就是去想why, 理由一：接受新的观点可以更好地适应变化的环境;理由二，接受新的观点可以与别人建立良好的关系。第二种去拆分举例，拆分职业：第一种职业IT 行业的人;第二种职业老师。

6月18日托福写作真题-独立写作

此次试题出现了A,B卷

A: A/D: To be a successful person, one must open up to new ideas and willing to change his or her mind.

B: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: people should be open to new ideas and change his or her mind to be successful.

A卷题目是绝对词类话题;B卷题目为建议类话题/二选一话题). 注意区别处理这两类题目。

以A卷题目为例：处理此类文章需要弱化绝对词，并给出其他合理的方式。关于此题，可以按以下方式组织文章：1)开头段-主题段一(去绝对词做让步段处理，写我方的好处)-主题段二(要成功的因素1)-主题段三(要成功的因素2)-结尾段;2)开头段-主题段一(优点一)-主题段二(优点二)-主题段三(优点三)-结尾段(小让步+综合其他可以使人成功的因素)。

托福写作模板及参考答案：

托福写作范文参考一:

6月18日托福独立写作范文如下：

Under the current society full of intense competitions, how to achieve success has never failed to arouse deep concern and interest among the general public. Thereof, a good deal of accomplished businessmen and elites are strong believers of the claim that to be a successful person, one must be open to new ideas and willing to change his or her mind.Towards such a complicated issue, I am in favor of the above claim for the following reasons.

In the first place, being receptive to new ideas can help people to better adapt to the constantly changing environment and thus become successful. As is common sense, no matter what fields or areas you are engaged in, change has become the perpetual topic, which means that what you held firmly onto before may become outdated and even misleading overnight. In other words, only those people with open mind towards new things can keep pace with the changes of time and are more likely to achieve success. By contrast, rejecting any new ideas and never changing one's mind, people will be gradually surpassed or even replaced by other competitors. A good case in point is the collapse of Nokia Company, the once most famous cell phone brand. On account of showing no acceptance to the new operating system Android, the Nokia has announced bankruptcy and has been acquired by Microsoft Company. The same logic can apply to any individuals who are stubborn.

Besides that, embracing new ideas can help people to build harmonious rapport with more people, leading to the higher likelihood of becoming successful. More scrutiny has made it conspicuous that an attitude of open-mindedness is strongly correlated to one's popularity among others, especially in a work team. The underlying reason is that anyone who has a willingness to listen to new thoughts tends to leave a good impression and thereof gains help or assistance from others when faced with troubles in the path to success. Also, being open-minded helps you work through interpersonal or intra-team conflicts that arise when people work in close quarters. By contrast, insisting on one' own view stubbornly usually not only build a barrier for establishing the friendship but also serves as the origin of quarrel or conflicts with other people. Put it another way, people without a spirit of listening and cooperation have difficulty in completing any projects, let alone, become successful.

Indeed, accepting new ideas may make people feel uncomfortable, because they are forced to get out their comfort zone. However, the above reasoning does not bear deep analysis. To illustrate, it is an indisputable fact that success relies on nothing but innovation driven by constantly taking in original and creative ideas and thoughts. Consequently, factoring what has been mentioned above, we can conclude that showing acceptance to new ideas and changing one's mind accordingly are of great necessity for the sake of achieving success.

托福写作写作参考二:

Everyone is longing for success; therefore, everyone eagerly searches for every method to reach that end. Having an inclusive and open would definitely serve as a good panacea for everyone who wants to achieve something in the life. Nevertheless, it is not the only way toward one’s heyday, for one’s success derives from the combined factors, like tenacity and resilience.

Admittedly, a man with an open mind for new ideas is half way for success, for these innovative ideas and philosophies offer one with another outlook when facing a deadlock or dilemma. What’s the most important, new idea brings about creation to our life. The modern society has witnessed the rapid and pervasive changes of technologies along with subtle social reforms. It is the new ideas from other people and other places that lead James Dyson, the inventor if G-force vacuum cleaner, to a great success; it is embracing the new method from the excellent athletes that helps Jimmy Li create his special set “Jimmy Li Jump”.Furthermore, changing our mind and listening to the new ideas from others is conducive to cooperate with other people. A man cannot succeed without the assistance from others. An open mind for new ideas and thoughts are easy for people to share different ideas, therefore, it is beneficial for cooperating within certain groups or teams. A cooperative people would certainly get more help, thus to succeed in a more earlier way. However, an open mind for outside ideas is surely the only way for one to succeed, for there are a lot of other people gaining success through other ways!

Being tenacious and persistent represent a continuous effort in one’s specific career. The secret to happiness is hard work and effort, not “quick-fixes”. Great ideas only cannot guarantee one’s efforts and actions. Only by the down-to-earth efforts and hard work can the final success gained! If James Dyson did not experiment for over 5200 times after he got a new idea from others, we would not have witnessed the birth of this new and highly efficient vacuum cleaner. Therefore, tenacity and persistence provide a sure way to one’s success.

Furthermore, a positive and optimistic attitude towards failure can also serve as a facilitator for one’s success. A lot of people failed because they feared the new challenges or feared to fail again. People with negative attitudes may be loath to take action even if they embrace new ideas from others. A positive mindset can serve as a catalyst for one’s success. If James Dyson didn’t hold hopes for his production promotion and give up during his experiment, we would have seen his products prevail the global market. Thus, a sound mindset and positive attitude propels one to success.

In a nutshell, a successful person is not made just in one day. A lot of factors contribute to a successful people, like new ideas, tenacity and a positive mind, to name just a few. Only in this way can a person expect success as soon as possible!

托福独立写作范文:失败后的乐观态度比成功更重要

独立写作题目：

To remain happy and optimistic when you fail is more important than achieving success.

托福独立写作范文：

Modern society places a lot of emphasis on success. Though success is clearly desirable, I think our intense focus on success is unhealthy and counterproductive. People would be better served by learning how to adopt a positive attitude towards failure.

First of all, this would allow them to live more fulfilling lives. Studies have shown that the fulfillment brought by success is very fleeting. While you may feel great for a little while after, your mood will quickly drop back to normal levels. The road to success is paved with setbacks; even if you do eventually achieve your goals, if you are unable to experience the failures positively, you will have actually experienced a net decrease in happiness. It is thus important to remain happy and optimistic through failure, because while failure comes inevitably and often, success does not.

Second of all, focusing too much on success will hurt your relationships with others, whereas learning to enjoy failure will actually improve your relationships with others. This is particularly true of working in a team. For one class project, I had to work in a team led by someone who only cared about success. We didn’t pursue any unusual ideas, and mistakes were criticized harshly. The team did fairly well, but by the end everybody hated working on the assignment. The leader’s attitude rubbed off on all of us: nobody wanted to take risks, and setbacks weighed heavy on all of us. This was in contrast to my friend’s group, which had a much more open-minded leader. She encouraged the team to test unconventional ideas, and any time they hit a roadblock, they took it as an opportunity to rethink their approach. After the project was over they all remained friends, and they even received a better grade than us.

This leads me to my final point: enjoying failure and de-emphasizing success will paradoxically make you more apt to succeed. This is because success hinges on consistent progress, and consistent progress can only come from continuously challenging your abilities and risking failure. Michael Jordan once said that his success came from failing over and over—that he had missed thousands of shots on his path to greatness. He was able to get better because he was eager to see where his deficiencies lay and figure out how to address them. This is the common thread we see in all successful people: they are all happy to fail, because failures open up opportunities for improvement.

Most people fail more often than they succeed. Thus, in order to live a fulfilling life, we should learn to approach failure positively. This will not only improve our relationships, but also make success more likely.

托福写作两大重点要知道

1.托福写作重点一：学会用词

在托福写作考试中，考生取得的分数的高低和考生使用的词汇是有很大的关系的，因此，当大家备考过程里，应该学会用词。在选择自己所用的词汇的时候，考生要遵循三个标准。

① 写正确：不管考生想使用哪个词，在使用这个单词的时候，一定要保证这个单词中拼写的正确性，如果考生记不清这个单词了，宁愿不用这个单词也不要凭着自己的感觉去拼写。

②恰当：当大家用词过程里，把要保证拼写的正确除外，还要保证搭配的恰当，比如wait和await，wait指的是等候等待，指的是在某个事情发生之前停留在原地，不采取行动，通常这个单词是作为不及物动词和for连用的，而await虽然也有等候的意思，但是它特质的是对断定必来的人或者事情的不断期待，后面往往跟着宾语，是及物动词。

③有变化：在大家所参加的托福写作考试里，用词必须要富有变化，一个单词最好只出现一次，第二次或者后几次出现的时候，可以使用其它的方法来进行替换，比如考生可以用同义词，语法结构等等来替换。比如同样是表达老年人的含义，考生可以使用the old，也可以用the elderly, the aged, aging population, the retired, senior citizens等等来替换。

2.托福写作重点二：增强语法实力

在大家参加的托福写作考试里，考生除了要学会用词之外，还要打好托福语法基础，很多考生在考试的时候只知道使用一些相关的单词，但是不知道该怎样把它们组合在一起，也会造成考试的失败。因此，考生在备考托福写作的过程中，一定要增强自己的语法实力，学会用不同的语法知识，比如定语从句，非谓语动词，强调句，倒装句，虚拟语气等等表达自己的观点，让自己的论证更加充分有力。

托福写作规律总结及复习策略

1.独立写作最常见话题类型仍为教育话题：几乎每年托福独立写作考题中三成以上的题目都跟教育相关，同时在政府和成功话题中也会涉及到教育。不用多说，教育话题真的是官方最爱。

2. 每年都会有一定比例的新题：从近几年考试新题情况来看(出现7道新题、12道、3道，而已出10道)，平均每年会有近两成的新题出现，所以总的来说还是以出旧题为主，尤其是16年题目。以下两道题，Tracy老师课上必讲呢。

3. 综合写作常考学科仍为考古和生物。

先来看看今年综合写作涉及到的学科主题：Brendan the navigator是否去过美洲、欧洲人到没到过澳洲、欧洲人到达北美大陆比我们所知的更早、Etruscan 人到底是不是从土耳其到意大利的、一种恐龙脖子是直立的还是水平的、两只白海豚是否同一只、控制the spread of weevils、植物晚上合其叶的原因、海龟保护措施的建议、owl parrots数量减少的原因、whales 的 beaching 假说，以及控制flatworn在欧洲的扩张。当然还有很多，不再一一列举，官方真的是太爱关于“谁去过哪儿”和各种动植物相关内容。因此，备考过程中相关学科词汇的学习尤为重要。

1. 政府职能及工作成功相关话题有增加;二选一和三选一类型增多。

相比去年考试而言，今年在话题方面涉及到了较难类型(政府和工作)，这类话题有相当多的同学在考场上才思泉涌，“为万世开太平”上价值仍然开不了挂，只因政府相关素材和话题表达积累太少;当然还有完全想不到从什么角度来写的情况，一路尬写到出考场都不知道自己写的是什么。题型方面，2选1考题较多，对于此类题型，不少同学会把一道“考雅思还是考托福”的题目写成“考托福”的单一话题，在内容方面较为偏题。

2. 综合写作现象题和方案题增加：

这两类考题对于一套模版走“四方(各大托福考场)”的同学来说无疑是一种挑战，如果用By contrast, in accordance with the professor, this view does not hold water because这样一套一成不变答题思路来写“听力指出阅读当中的假说不能解释现象，方案完全不能解决问题”这样的反驳方式，也太过于买家秀了。

3. 压分：

考过试拿到成绩单的同学，在成绩背面解读部分一定能看到写作评分表格，分明good对应的是24-30分。很多同学考完发现两篇文章双good也到不了24分，所以是否压分呢，同学们自有判断吧。

托福写作备考建议

1. 话题素材积累

好的文章离不开充实的内容，想要自己的文章充满论证细节而非言之无物、内容具体而非抽象难懂，离不开相关话题表达的积累。同时大家也可以通过学习范文，不仅能将好的语言表达收入囊中，也可以通过归纳文章思路，在切题、观点展开和连贯性的三个维度进行学习。

2. 重视历年机经

从近年的考题情况来看，多数考题仍是在重复历年机经题。建议大家在考前大量刷题写提纲;同时也推荐同学们关注考前机经预测，调整备考状态。

3. 练习加上批改

光说不练假把式，但是光练不改真的就容易practice makes mistakes fossilized，练了七八遍的错误，自己都会觉得“没毛病啊”;所以写完记得一定要批改呢，写一篇有一篇的收获，祝大家越写越好。

托福写作话题分析： open-minded

篇3：托福写作话题分析之教育

托福教育类独立写作题目整理

1) Some people think that giving students time during a class to discuss ideas with each other is a good way to help students learn; others think giving students time for discussion is ineffective or a waste of time. Which idea do you agree with, and why?

2) Parents must have strict rules to help their children to be successful.

3) Some people believe that taking field trips (for example, going to the museum) is an important part of children’s education. Others believe that it is better for children to studying at school. Which opinion do you prefer?

4) The best way for a teacher to help students interested in a subject is to explain that subject will help them outside school.

5) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: All university students should be required to take history courses no matter what field they study.

6) Universities should require all their students to learn about foreign cultures as well as their own culture.

7) Younger school children should be required to study art and music in addition to math, language, science and history.

8) Some people say that teachers and parents should decide what assignment or activities children should do after school. Others say that children should make these decisions on their own. Which view do you agree with?

9) Do you think children’s after school activities should be arranged or should be chosen by children themselves?

10) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: These days, children spend more time in doing homework or participating in organized activities related to school or sports. However, they should be given more time to do whatever they want.

新托福写作范文解析之教育类话题

范文题目：

It is more important to choose to study a subject that interests you than a subject preparing you better for a job or career. Do you agree or disagree?

题目有关教育中的”课程选择“并联系职业规划。需要学生从”选择适合学生职业发展的课程“或是”选择自己感兴趣的课程“中做出选择。

范文相关分析：

Education is one of the key words of our time, however, people's views differ greatly as to which should be the superior option of academic pursuit, to opt for courses conducing to future career or to focus on subjects that interest them. As I see it, compared with choosing subjects that can help young adults ready themselves for career challenges, to deliberately specialize in one's favorite courses is more commendable.

首段的结构：

背景-争议主题介绍(1句复杂句)+观点(选择感兴趣的)

由于运用了一句复杂句，首段内容结构很清晰，也在首段就体现了写作者的水平。复杂句用”people's views differ as to... to do...“这种形式替代“people's views are different about...，some people...，the other people...”这种需要用多个句子，也比较模板化的形式。学生可以参考使用。其中也不乏一些比较好的词汇，如academic pursuit学术追求，career challenges职业的挑战，deliberately谨慎地，specialize专门从事，commendable很好的

Opting for the courses in which one takes considerable interest will enjoy more visible merits. First, one's study motivation can be highly stimulated provided that one can choose subjects exerting a peculiar fascination on him or her. Conversely, people might generate career burnout even if they might get profit-making jobs.

本段给出第一个论点，学习感兴趣的课程的好处-激发学习动机，用两句话从正反两个角度-激发学习动机vs职业倦怠-来论证。好的词汇，比如considerable相当大的，merit优点， study motivation学习动机，stimulate刺激， provided that条件是，exert 施以影响，peculiar fascination特殊的魅力，career burnout职业倦怠，profit-making jobs高薪职业.

Also, taking one's favorite subjects can fully tap his or her infinite potentials. Meanwhile, one can fully enjoy the process of learning and career life. Apart from that, it is also a sort of success if one can perfectly combine specialized knowledge with career ambition. Therefore, college students have sound reasons to select the courses that interest them.

本段给出其他论点，学习感兴趣的课程的好处-挖掘无限潜力、享受学习和职业、将兴趣和职业更好地结合。可参考用词有 tap his or her infinite potentials，career ambition.

Indeed, I have to concede that the acquisition of pragmatic courses might still have some benefits. Sure enough, job-related courses will help one outshine many candidates and successfully secure a decent job. That is why some people feel that education is a kind of investment and competitive courses such as engineering, science and technology can, in most cases, earn high interests. Thereby, what some people are concerned about is whether the course of their choice can lead to a profitable career. After all, career-related subjects can lay a solid foundation for climbing the career ladder.

让步段，实用性的课程也是有好处的，帮助提升就业竞争力。本段有很多好的表达方式，比如acquisition of pragmatic courses，Sure enough,help one outshine many candidates，secure a decent job，profitable career，climb the career ladder在职业上平步青云.

In closing, I re-affirm my conviction that even though choosing utilitarian subjects is never without merit, university students should still be encouraged to choose their favorite areas of study.

尾端重申观点：

应该鼓励学生选择感兴趣的课程。

总结：可以看到，写作者的英语功底很高，在很多表达方式上都没有“落入俗套”，在范文中没有出现某个概念是利用同一种方式重复表达的。很多词汇都可以加入同学们的“素材库”了。但是有一点，如果在内容中加入一些更具体的例子会更好一些。

新东方托福写作语料库:大学是否应帮学生做好择业准备

大学是否应该帮助学生做好择业准备

教育类：

Colleges or universities should offer students a better job preparation before they start working 大学应该帮助学生做好就业准备，在开始工作前?

主题观点：大学应该帮助学生做好就业准备：具体而言，从专业上，性格上，和心态上都为应对未来事业的挑战做好准备。

写作布局：一边倒支持

薛鹏思路拓展：

1. 专业上：使大学生在专业上训练有素，成为领域的专家，以增强未来择业的竞争优势，满足相关企业的需求。

2. 心态上：大学教育者应该帮助学生培养良好的择业心态，对自己有清晰的认知，从底层奋斗。

3. 性格上：大学应该通过组织校园活动或者专门的课程，帮助学生们在性格上成长。例如，受过大学教育者应该变得更加坚强，自信，成熟，善于社交。这些优点可以帮助学生适应择业的挑战。

薛鹏原创语料库：

1. get a reasonable career = land a good job = secure a decent job with promising future v找到好工作

2. to acquire the academic qualifications they need to obtain a reasonably well-paid job v获得学历，找到高薪工作

3. make full preparations for the future career choice = be to well-prepared for hunting for a job v 为未来求职做好重复准备

4. become well-versed in specialized knowledge v精通专业知识

点评：be versed in = be adept at = excel in v 精通于……

5. to excel professionally v专业精通

6. enhance one’s competitiveness in the future job seeking v 提高未来择业的竞争优势

7. helps undergraduates foster a good mentality in terms of choosing career v帮助大学生培养良好的择业心态

点评: in terms of adv 在……方面

点评：undergraduates 大学在校生(未毕业)

8. to struggle from the bottom of the society v 从社会底层奋斗

9. make sb become tenacious，confident and mature v 使学生们变得坚强，自信，成熟

拓展：tenacious = strong-minded adj 坚强的

10. to be good at associating and communicating with others v善于和他人交往交流

11. adapt themselves to the future career challenges yet not come v 使自己适应没有到来的事业挑战

12. job-related knowledge n 和择业相关的知识

13. career-oriented skills n 以择业为导向的技能

14. Most school leavers attend universities in order to acquire competitive diplomas so that their career prospects can be enhanced. 很多高中毕业生，上大学就是为了获得有竞争力的学位，以拥抱美好未来。

15. get a clear perspective of oneself v 对于自己有清晰的认知

新东方托福写作语料库：自主阅读还是规定阅读

【教育类】

The reading students do on their own is as important as or more important than that assigned by the teachers 自主阅读还是完成老师布置的阅读作业。(年3月11日)

【头脑风暴】

少年时代，我暑假阅读的书目是老师推荐的传统正能量的书籍：《红岩》，《地球的红飘带》，《钢铁是怎样炼成的》等。我读了，但是，并没有受到革命主义的熏陶。令我兴奋是保尔柯察金和冬妮娅初次见面的美好，令我感怀的是他们懵懂的青春爱情。

高中时代，小鹏哥自由选择，畅游书海，一本书过一天的日子美好而难忘。我依然记得阅读安妮宝贝给我带来的触动：行云流水的文风，弥散悲伤的故事，频繁使用的句号。读到意犹未尽时，在晚上6：00，自己骑着自行车，去联合书城，毫不犹豫地再买一本她的新书……

【作家立场】“开卷有益”是对的，无论是完成布置的阅读作业，还是随心所欲地阅读心爱的书籍。读书，使我们成熟思想、拓展视野、反思自我。但是，我认为，自主阅读更加值得推荐。

【思路拓展】

? 兴趣是最好的老师，阅读自己喜欢的书籍，可以感受更多的快乐，激发阅读兴趣，提高阅读的效率。例如，我喜欢阅读文学，惯性的阅读和思考以及后续的写作练笔，使我成为小有名气的校园作家。

? 如果学生们一贯地由老师安排阅读任务，他们可能失去自由选择的能力，一旦老师不再布置阅读任务，他们会茫然不知所措。

? 老师布置的阅读任务，通常经过了深思熟虑，经过了教学实践的检验，帮助童鞋避免阅读的盲目性。

【范文赏析】

【首段】背景介绍 + 作家立场

Sure enough, to open a book is always beneficial. Reading, by occupying time so constructively, can make us feel contented, with no time for boredom. Whether reading books arranged by teachers or to enjoy our favorite works has sparkled a debate. I always believe that to read books that really interest us can best stimulate our reading zeal and tap our infinite potentials.

【二段】第一次支持作家立场

Free reading, as a superior option, has many advantages. It provides relaxation for leisure hours and thus kindles our reading interests. Indeed, interest is the best teacher. To read good books can be a habit-formation only when we find plenty of fun in reading. More precisely, the pleasure of reading lies in reading itself. For example, as a fancier of literature, I used to read a great many literary works. Reading those thought-provoking books stirred my vivid imagination, stimulated my creativity, and deepened my insights into life. On the contrary, I might slacken my efforts at reading and my reading enthusiasm might wither if I was forced to read unfavorite books

【三段】第二次支持作家立场

Secondly，students might loose the ability to make independent choice if they only read at the guidance of teachers. By that I mean, it is highly possible that those who only read books recommended by educators will feel at sea once teachers once they lose their exterior incentives. Meanwhile, one man’s meat is another man’s poison. People’s reading tastes differ greatly, some reading assignments designed by teachers, even though are meaty and classic, might fail to arouse every individual’s reading impulses and arouse their sympathies. In this sense, reading might lose its charm.

【三段】让步对立观点之合理性 + 加以反驳

Indeed, I have to concede that most reading assignment designed or recommended by teachers have withstood the test of instructional experiment. Those reading lists, in most cases, are carefully chosen. Thereby, to do some reading praised by teachers can help students avoid aimless reading and save precious time. What I want to rebut, however, is that students should be encouraged to make their own reading choices，what educators need to do maybe just provide timely guidance and useful suggestions.

【尾段】再次亮明观点 + 总结理由

In sum, my standpoint is that to inspire students to make free reading choices is one of the best approaches to ignite their reading interests and motivate their reading zeal.

【经典语料】

1. To open a book is always beneficial. 开卷有益

2. Reading，by occupying time so constructively, can make us feel contented, with no time for boredom. 阅读，有建设性地利用了时间，使人心满意足，再也没有无聊之感。

3. stimulate our reading zeal and tap our infinite potentials 激发我们的阅读兴趣，开发我们无限的潜能

4. provides relaxation for leisure hours 为休闲时光提供了欢乐

5. To read good books can be a habit-formation only when we find plenty of fun in reading. 只有在阅读中找到快乐的时候，阅读好书才能成为一种习惯。

6. The pleasure of reading lies in reading itself. 阅读的乐趣在于阅读本身。

7. reading those thought-provoking books 阅读那些令人思考的书籍

8. reading enthusiasm might wither 阅读的热情也许会枯竭

9. the ability to make independent choice 独立做出选择的能力

10. One man’s meat is another man’s poison. 萝卜青菜，各有所爱。

11. might fail to arouse every individual’s reading impulse and arouse their sympathies 也许不能激发每个人的阅读冲动，引起每一个人的共鸣

12. have withstood the test of instructional experiment 经受住了教学实践的检验

13. help students avoid aimless reading and save precious time 帮助学生避免阅读的盲目性，节省时间。

14. what educators need to do 教学者需要做的是……

15. …… is one of the best approaches to ignite their reading interests and motivate their reading zeal …… 是最好的方式之一去点燃他们的阅读兴趣，激发他们的阅读热情。

篇4：托福写作难点分析

这种情况经常会出现，尤其是那些平时感觉英语水平很好，但是一谈到写作，常常就会没有思路，不知如何下手，针对这种情况，我们对思路扩展提出两种方法，能迅速有效帮助学生解决这个问题。

(一)归类法：

在平时阅读时，需要时刻注意按照文章的体裁进行归类，如诗歌、散文、小说、戏剧、或记叙文、说明文、议论文。在阅读时，将内容相近，体裁相同或体裁不相同的文章进行比较，通过比较领悟文章的美妙之处，学习作者独特的写作思路和观点的阐述方法，句法结构的特点等等。

(二)总括法：

就是要求考生对各个题材文章的总体架构和写作思路有一个宏观的把握。譬如：议论文是对某个议论对象，提出见解或主张并说明理由，使读者信服的文章。它的基本特点是议论的说服性而议论文的组成要素分为：论题，论点(中心论点，分论点)，论据，论证。了解的这些你就可以按照文章大体框架去展开你的思路了。

篇5：托福写作难点分析

对与考生来将写作的最大的障碍英语的书面表达。对于这一点，首先要树立起信心，实际上大部分考生都受过正规的大学英语教育，即使是一些自学的考生，其英语水平足以具有写好一篇作文的潜力。关键在于要把这种潜力挖掘出来。对于要求考生用英语语言进行思维来达到写作的目标是不现实的，如果能用英语思维，也就谈不上会遇到多大的困境了。

在实际写作过程当中，脑子里想的是中文句子，然后把一个一个的中文句子译成英文。在翻译的时候努力在寻找一一对应的关系，希望找到与中文词一一对应的英文单词，结果是句结构和单词的选用显然受到中文的影响，自己感觉上也是“憋”得费劲，或者觉得表达出来了，意思差不多，而实际上给人的感受依然还是中文。若是让老外来看这篇作文的话，也许根本就弄不清楚文章的内容，而判卷的中国老师在判卷时往往能想象出文章是怎样写出来的。

考生平常不妨做一做这样的练习，通过阅读不认识的词条的英文注释，然后试着把单词译成中文词，再去对照英译词典的汉语释义，慢慢地就会开始领会用英语表达的门道了。之所以强调这样做是因为朗文词典语言简明，例句来自活生生的现实生活，不同于传统的英语词典从文学作品里摘录例句的做法。正因为如此，其词汇量比较贴近我们的词汇基础。只要读得多，自然就会受其影响，明白这样做的其中奥妙。

托福考试作文独立写作范文：拥有多项技能的人更成功

People who develop different skills are more successful than people who develop one skill only.

篇6：托福写作难点分析

考试时，监考老师通常发现有的考生坐在那里根本就是在玩深沉，他在那里思考人生的伟大哲理，他在那里要想出一个观点，想出一个理由，想出一个措施，非得要显得与众不同不可。

限入这种境地的考生，显然犯了一个根本性的错误，参考时间为40分钟的作文，一般应该在35分钟之内完成，再用几分钟的时间检查语法错误，可有的考生十几分钟一句话都写不了，就是因为他太进入角色了，他想向判卷的老师掏心掏肺，这是一个很大的误区。

考作文的目的纯粹是通过这一命题形式，考查考生的英语水平如何。命题人关注的是书面表达能力，以作文题为例，至于为什么海洋里的鱼越来越少，原因基本成立，内容相关即可，根本就没有必要想破脑袋去找原因，不要去猜测判卷的老师喜欢什么观点，只有当作文明显跑题时，内容才体现出其重要性。

不管原因也好，措施也好，某一考生想到的任何一点，很可能命题人早已料到，而且肯定会被成千上万的考生重复无数遍，因而曾经令自己激动一时的想法，在判卷老师看来全无感觉。所以，规定式作文的拓展空间本来就非常有限，“真情流露”是没有必要的。

篇7：托福写作难点分析

When it comes to the qualities of successful people, people varying in education background and experience tend to give distinctive answers. Some would argue that those who are successful should be versatile and excel in lots of skills like communication skills, leadership skills and even organizational skills while others believe that one who is exceptional in one area is more likely to be successful. I personally believe that a versatile person with various skill sets can be more successful.

Admittedly, as the saying goes Jack of all trades and master of none and there are rare cases where some people who are expert in only one field stand out. However, it is more common for versatile people with multiple skills to be successful because of the following reasons.

First off, people who are talented and versatile are more competitive and competent in their career, and they enjoy a better change to be promoted in a professional setting. Actually, a lot of positions require a combination of skill sets, such as paying attention to details, knowledge in a specific field and communication skills, etc. Indeed, more skills will give someone more chance to get promoted. For instance, if a computer programmer just knows how to write program and focuses only on the technical side of the job, chances are that he would never get promoted. On the other hand, if not only does the computer programmer have programming skills but also he is a genius people-wise, he might get a better shot to be promoted as a manager in charge of a team of computer programmers. Thus, he can enjoy more opportunities in his career.

Additionally, it is much easier for a versatile person with various skill sets to build rapport with people and make friends. It is self-evident that people with all kinds of skills will be very attractive and charismatic. A person who not only has professional knowledge in one specific field but also has people skills and leadership skills will be very popular and standing out among his or her peers. For instance, my friend Alex, a bright young professional working in the financial industrial. He was awarded the most valuable banker in his company because of his professionalism and dedication to serving the customers and clients. Not only is he successful in his professional life, but also he is an amateur violinist. Actually, he plays for a city choir to represent the community and go against other cities' choir. Such skills can be very useful when building up connections with people and thus he can expand his social network easily. Furthermore, he can use these skills to entertain his clients and customers on certain occasions and have their trust on him.

In conclusion, a versatile person with various skill sets can be more competitive and outstrip others in the workplace, eventually they enjoy better chance to be promoted. Another advantage of having multiples skills is that it can be much easier and readily for them to network and expand their social connections.

托福考试作文独立写作范文：花长时间做重要决定是好品质吗

(A/D)Spending a long time in making an important decision is often considered as a bad quality. However, some people think that it is a good quality for a person.

举一反三：

A/D: One quality that a successful leader must have is to make decision quickly; when a leader takes too much time to make decisions, he will be seen as ineffective to the people he lead.

点睛

题目大意：花长时间做重要决定是一种好的品质。建议选择不同意，即认为快速做决策才是一种好的品质，因为一是可以抓住机会，二是可以体现一个人超强的分析和预判能力。

2016年8月20日托福独立写作题目： A/D: One quality that a successful leader must have is to make decision quickly; when a leader takes too much time to make decisions, he will be seen as ineffective to the people he lead. (来自学生回忆版，与原题可能有少许出入，但题干表达意思大体相同)

这是一篇难度较大的独立写作，首先所需要论证的题干中的快速做出决策的这一点就相对而言比较抽象，尤其是对于中学生考生而言，因为首先在思路上很难对题干形成有效的展开，其次大部分同学平时素材的积累很少，更别说这类关于领导类的素材。

写作参考一:

With the society becoming increasingly complex, we make numerous decisions every single day, some of which are simple while others of which are more complex. The issue whether Spending a long time in making an important decision is often considered as a good quality has triggered a hot debate. Personally speaking, my answer towards this question is negative, that is, making quick decision is good, for the following reasons.

First of all, making quick decisions can help people grasp the precious opportunities.As is known to all, change is the permanent topic in nearly every area of life including day-to-day life and business world. In other words, the opportunities may vanish in the blink of an eye. As a result, people who spend much time pondering different paths for the fear of making errors may end up missing out the chances. On the contrary, quick decision making will boost the likelihood of seizing the opportunities, which makes his or her have an edge over other competitors. This is especially true of the business competition. In the commercial world, To illustrate, a decisive leader will not block subordinates from getting things done and thus . For example, if an entrepreneur find changes in the needs of customers, there is a need of quick decisions to satisfy their new demand. Without quick response to the appeals of the clients, competitors around the same business may take the initiative to make headway in these emerging markets.

Apart from that, making quick decicions reflects the strong ability of analysis of a person. As is common sense, analytical skills is a basis for quick decision making. As you can see, an analytical skill is the ability of a person to draw conclusions and to make quality decisions based on incomplete information. Put it in another way, the characteristic of analytical people is to address all of the critical elements needed for a successful outcome more quickly than average persons can do. Consequently, these decisive people will leave a good impression on others and thus improve their charisma. By contrast, spending too much time in making decisions means that you can only make up your mind after collecting all the information. This practice may make others feel that you are hesitant in doing things.

Admittedly, some opponents may assert that it is a good quality to spend a long time in decision-making, because the quality of the decision certainly depends on the speed of making it. However, the above claim has overlooked a fact that no matter how much time you spend making a decision, there is always a chance that it won’t turn out the way you had envisioned. In this case, the quick decision making can help you more timely fix the wrong decisions.

In a nutshell, spending long time in decision making is anything but a good quality, because people will let opportunities slip off and leave a indecisive impression on others.

写作参考二:

An efficient leader is a key factor for the successful development of an enterprise and how to define an effective leader varies from person to person. Some people may believe a leader must make a quick decision to be successful since opportunity seldom knocks twice. However, some others contradict with the statement and they argue that leaders, especially those in the area of politics and business, have to be patient enough to be considerate. From my perspective, I am more favor of the former one.

When it comes to the area of business, leaders have to acclimatize themselves to the constantly changing environment and respond soon enough to grasp the chance. A number of examples can be found around us to demonstrate the exceptional urgency of making quick decision. Mark Zuckerberg made a quick decision to acquire Instagram, which turned out to be bold but successful, given Twitter, one of Facebook’s strongest competitors, had already considered to merge Ins. Besides, the landslide of Apple over Nokia, one of the giants in the phones’ market can prove the importance of responding quick for leaders. Those leaders of conventional ideas in Nokia stuck to manufacturing keyboard phones and still refused to center on developing and researching Touch-screen technology, which has proven to be a big mistake. As a result, Nokia had to declare bankruptcy. When reflecting on the failure of Nokia and success of Apple, the key is to make a quick decision to reform products to satisfy consumers’ tastes and demands.

Speaking of national leaders, making a swift and effective decision will be highly indispensable to deal with various emergencies. To prevent the exacerbation of some events, politicians have to take quick and credible actions. For instance, the outburst of Ebola virus has caused serious damage to human beings and as a leader of a country, he has to make an instantaneous decision to assemble medical experts and restrict the migration movement of population. Another convincing example would be the military action aiming at ISIS, a self-proclaimed country but a terror organization. The president of the United States called on Britain and several other Western countries to launch a joint military strike to crack down those terrorists after many innocent civilians including journalists, local residents or tourists from different country were killed by those extremists. Although the terror group was not wiped out yet, the immediate action had played a major role in reducing threats from those. Obviously, for politicians and national leaders, it is necessary to take quick action.

Admittedly, there is also an opposite voice echoing that leaders have to be patient to reduce the possibilities of causing missteps. For instance, during World War Two, to win the success, Franklin Roosevelt gave the order to hit Japan by dropping atomic bombs soon after the Pearl Harbor was attacked. The explosion of those two atomic bombs led Japan to surrender, however, caused huge damage to local environment. It appears plausible, however, the consequences of not using atomic bombs would be more disastrous because of Japan militarism’s great harm to the entire human beings.

To conclude, leaders have to make a response and decision as quick as possible in most occasions no matter which field they are in.