托福写作29分独立综合作文结构讲解

托福写作29分独立综合作文结构讲解（共23篇）由网友“roundcoco”投稿提供，下面是小编为大家整理后的托福写作29分独立综合作文结构讲解，仅供参考，喜欢可以收藏与分享哟!

篇1：托福写作29分独立综合作文结构讲解

托福综合写作文章结构分析

综合写作因为有个reading 可以参考所以很好写，只要记下了listening里的要点，再依次呈现即可。

开篇：一句话，说明reading 和listening是有明显不同的。

中间段：每一段一个点，论述reading 和listening的不同。

结尾段：不用写。

篇2：托福写作29分独立综合作文结构讲解

独立写作的结构较为复杂，我们从第一段开始。

开头段，请分为三句话。background statement描述背景，opinions描述两边的观点。topic 表达我自身的观点。我个人喜欢用一边倒的方式写托福作文，当然中立观点也能写。在topic段落中，除了表达观点，我建议把接下来会使用的论点全都用一两个词概括出来，总领全文。这样写下来，大概是80个字。

接下来就是中间段了。对于一边倒式的文章，建议写三个中间段，每一段70个字。第一个中间段赞颂反方论点，说它怎么怎么好，随后一个转折，后两个中间段各阐述一个自己的观点。一段只讲一个论点，一个论点必须在一段话中完成。对于持中立型的文章，建议分成两段，各100字。在每一个段落中，阐述两个支撑论点。这样一来，无论是一边倒还是持中立，我们都要完成200字左右的阐述，并且正反兼顾。

结尾段，20到40字，用一句固定的话可以直接完成。

我们的目标是在独立写作时，拿到题目立刻开始写开头段，在无脑写作开头段的过程中想出论点，并在开头段结尾处概括出来，接下来用中间段给予论述。最后无脑写结尾段。

托福写作解析:Eat out or eat at home

托福写作题目：

Topic：Eat out or eat at home?

Some people prefer to eat at food stands or restaurants. Other people prefer to prepare and eat food at home. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

参考分析：

不要急于做出选择，先进行比较，然后根据情况选择：

去餐馆或者吃快餐的优缺点：方便、快捷、多种口味;昂贵、卫生可能得不到保障、快餐使人发胖;

在家吃饭的优缺点：干净、可以做出自己喜欢的口味、节省、与家人和朋友共同准备实物很开心;花费时间、可能做的没有餐馆那么好吃;

在不同的情况下会有不同的选择。周末休息应该跟家人在家里吃饭。与老朋友久别重逢应该找一家安静的餐馆……

范文：

选择在饭馆吃饭：

(1)节省时间，自己做饭很麻烦;

(2)能够品尝各种各样的美食;

(3)能够促进和朋友的感情。

Nowadays, some people like to eat at home and prepare food by themselves, but others prefer to eat outside in restaurants or at food stands. As far as I am concerned, I prefer to eat at home.(标准式开头，先阐述现今社会状况，再表达个人观点，开门见山)

Of course there are some advantages to eat out. Firstly, restaurants offer a more comfortable environment to eat and the food there tastes more delicious than home-cooked meals. In addition, eating at restaurants is a good way of getting together with friends. People also do not need to worry about washing dishes and cleaning. For people who are too busy to cook, eating out is certainly an ideal(理想的)choice. Furthermore, for people do not know how to cook and do not have someone to cook for them, eat out seems to be the only choice.(本段是让步段，先讲在外吃的好处一个是舒适的环境美味的食物，另一个是给不会做饭和不知做饭给谁的人提供吃饭的条件)

However, I prefer to cook and eat and home. The main reason is that at home, family members can prepare their meals and enjoying their food together, which can enhance their relationships. Family members can talk, make jokes and exchange feelings on current affairs with each other while preparing a meal. Parents have a chance to communicate with their kids and keep track of what they are thinking and doing; while children can learn to help with some household tasks and develop intimacy(与父母增进感情)with their parents. Image that you and your brothers and sisters help your mother to cook on a weekend, and enjoy the food later on(稍后), and you feel everything is so nice.(这是第一段论述在家吃好处是可以与家人增进感情种.种，以自己为例子显得生动可信)

Another reason is that eating at home can save money. The same amount of money that you spend on a meal in a restaurant can buy a lot more foods from a supermarket. You can use the money saved to buy a new cloth, or attend a concert.(本段是从经济方面来论述在家吃确实可行)

General speaking, eating out side is comfortable and convenient but eating at home has more benefits. I prefer to eat at home.(这篇文章是标准的议论文结构，没有特别华丽的语言，但是结构清晰论述完整，没有语法错误，这也是保分的必要条件)

托福作文：深度分析高分写作的关键要素

独立作文题目

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Students now are more interested in politics than those in the past.

With the globalization of the whole world(万能开头稍显弱，还有whole world这种画蛇添足的词汇，难道后面要分part world写?), politics are playing a more important role nowadays, both domestically and internationally. Thus, I agree that students have more interests in this area than those in the past for two reasons.

First, the advanced technology, such as high-speed Internet, multi-media and smart mobile phone(什么是smart mobile phone，难道有smart phone不能mobile吗?), allows more students access to the politics events. The technology lay an essential foundament(是foundation吧) for students to keep in touch with those activities. For example, the presidency competition between Hiliton and Trump is getting more dramatic. Lots students(Lots是败笔) would watch the TV argument between them by phone, portable computer(什么是portable computer，专业一点就是laptop和ipad吧) and so on(等等等等……考官看中国考生文章会出现无数so on，审美疲劳有没有). They could even(上下句之间有even的递进关系吗，不明显) watch the live program as they are waiting for a bus, share their opinions on the internet while they are in the washroom and hear the speech in their car driving home. Therefore, the convincing efficiency and entertainment attract more and more(这篇作文good肯定是没戏了) students to focus on this politic event. However, students in the past even don't know how to watch the program(神转折，脑子里想的和表达出来的完全不是一个意思，过去的孩子怎么就不知道看电视节目了!他们又不是弱智!是没电视节目看!是没方便的途径!是However, students in the past lack the plentiful sources to approach politics compared with their counterparts nowadays的意思对伐).

Moreover, the more open, transparent and friendly(堆这么多形容词……哎!请注意言之有物!) politic atmosphere provide a great chance for modern students to got involved(时态错了) in these politic activities. Take China for an example(有这种惯用表达吗，我们不是莎士比亚), students beyond 18 years old have the right to vote for political members, like chairman of the students union, which were used to be nominated by school in the past without permitting students to decide who they support and are supposed to be chairman(亲，这么长一句话知道自己在写什么吗?扣分句). This right just inspire the student to choose their own president(这么草草收尾，这论证有点意识流啊!).

In a conclusion, the advanced equipments and the openess to ordinary studentsthe bring more students to join in the politic events(这什么意思?什么叫openess to ordinary students?难道还有special students?是不是想说More students are willing to talk about even participate in political events by the help of advanced technologies and increasing civic attitudes toward politics.).

(计时写作，全文274词)

这篇习作拿到托福考试中，很难达到GOOD要求，通俗讲就是 “ 亲，不谈论证逻辑，不扯思维深度，就是语言，哥读的有点累啊，有地方要脑补啊，很多句子连不上啊!”

那么一篇good标准的独立文章长什么样?还是以该题目为例，不改变上文的立场，不颠覆上文逻辑，尽量保持思维角度的一致性，仅从语言和论证严谨度来修改一下，计时创作一篇。

An intriguing phenomenon occurring on and around campus nowadays is that students are more interested in politics than ever before. It is frequent to hear students talking about Obama Care or the latest Presidential Campaign in the United States when dinning in the cafeteria ,say like, Havard or MIT nowadays.

To elaborate, technological advancements improve the readiness of politic access. In the past, society communicates in the form of letters, newspapers and radios with comparatively low efficiency and little convenience. For example, huge political events in China like the escape of once vice-president Lin Biao would not have gotten the attention of American students until many days even weeks later after VOA or CNN have broadcasted it. Even those American students have noticed the incredible political event from newspaper or radio, they have no source to check all the details from Chinese students or friends due to the information barrier between the two countries. In addition, students in the past only shape their perspectives on a political event through authority publications, causing bias in viewing the issue. However, students today can capture every piece of information, political and non-political, just at the time it goes on even on the other side of the globe and receive multiply sources of opinions from government perspective to public statements by the help of the internet, the invention of smart phones and other mobile devices, thanks to the advancement of multi-media technology. These new equipments connecting by the internet makes a strong and close relationship -- “Information Globalization”-- which shattered info barriers and make even the tiniest voice matter. For example, recently in China there is a breaking news that the wife of ChongQing city's mayor, Bo Gukailai, has been prosecuted for causing the death of a British businessman in Beijing. In the past, these “higher class” news will be soon concealed by authorities. But now, students from all over the country can learn about the event only a few hours after “rumors” spread quickly through Wechat or Weibo which left no room for public authority to “hide” any truth but to make a formal announcement and explain the situation.

Also, the spirit of democracy is indeed growing its power not only in developed countries like US but also in developing countries like China even in undeveloped areas. Chinese students are under great supervision and monitoring in the past. As a result, college students are not permitted to talk about political figures or discuss central government policies. Of course, you can “whisper” in the dark, but you know the influence for that. But now, students are free to claim their thoughts about anything and everything even expressing very extreme ideas about politics on the internet just by click a “send” button in Wechat or any similar social APP. At least from what I know, nobody is getting arrested by talking or discussing politics which is so called “the forbidden zone” in the past.

Admittedly, students in schools have little social experiences and usually come up with unrealistic conclusions or solutions about social problems or political events. But it doesn't hurt much to allow students to show bigger interest about it. After all, who rules the next century is always an issue of time, so encouraging students to enroll and learn politics is probably a question of “sooner rather than later” which might be a better way to look at it.

(计时写作，全文556词)

当我们回头去思考托福写作如何获得高分满分的时候?

Is it about the template you would use in test? Is it about fancy words you paraphrase in article? Or is it about something meaningful with correct vocabulary and precise expression throughout the writing? In a word, make sure what you've written MAKES SENSE and let the scorer feel EFFORTLESSwhen glimpsing it through!

高分写作不完全靠背模板，也不完全是抄范文(当然这些都有帮助)，真正的高分满分托福作文要 “ 多读书多看报少吃零食多睡觉 ”。

写作和口语不能闭门造车瞎逼练，否则会永远犯同样的错误，建议各位考生要么背诵地道的英文词句表达，要么找托福口语写作老师陪练(主要是修改习作)，这些反馈可能比写多少“机经”都重要，至少节省钻进死胡同重复犯错的时间!

篇3：托福写作独立综合结构指点

托福写作高分学霸备考经验整理 独立综合实用结构模板指点

托福综合写作高分模板分享

The professor presents a lecture regarding(主题), and her proposition forms a sharp contrast with what is stated in the reading passage.

First, the reading passage claims that (reading的第一个点). However, the professor points out that (listening的反驳).

Another part that distinguishes the reading from the listenging is that(reading的第二个点). The professor explains that(listening的反驳).

Finally, what the reading stated concerning (reading的第三个点)differs a lot from what is mentioned by the professor. As she puts it, (listening的反驳)

托福独立写作高分模板分享

因为一般都用一边倒式写法，所以给的模板也是一边倒的，不过只要稍加改动就能用来写持中立的文章

When it comes to the issue about (题目), people's opinion differs from person to person. Some hold the view that(一个观点)， while others argues that(另一个观点). As far as I'm concerned, I support the prior/latter point for the reasons that(概括自己的论点)

It is true that (反方论点)has its own merits. For one thing, (反方论据1). For another, (反方论据2).However, is this a wise choice? After taking more factors into consideration, I suggest that(正方论点).

First,(正方论据1)

Second, (正方论据2)

In short, from what has been discussed above, we can safely draw the conclusion that (把第一段的论点重复一遍)

托福综合写作高分注意事项提点 完整复述才是提分写法

托福综合写作不需要观点只要求复述

这一点相信很多人都已经知道了，那就是托福综合写作，不需要考生给出自己的观点，这篇文章的写作要求就是客观。说得简单粗暴一些，考生在这篇写作中扮演的角色并非叙述者或者辩论者，而只是一个带有信息记录筛选汇总整理功能的传声筒。很多同学明知不需要观点，但在写作过程中还是忍不住冒出一些我认为我觉得的句子，这其实就是犯了综合写作的忌讳。所以，大家在进行托福综合写作的答题时，一定要注意保持自己的客观立场，主要能够把阅读和听力中给出的信息准确地通过行文转述表达出来，那么你的写作目的就已经达到了，这点希望大家一定要牢记在心。

托福综合写作并不需要事无巨细

其次，托福综合写作中的阅读和听力部分，给出的信息是过量的。也就是说，实际综合写作中，并不要求你事无巨细把所有内容都写进去。按照官方指南OG中的要求，最高评分5分的要求中，考生只需要做到successfully selects the important information from the lecutre就已经足够了，大家注意其中的important，这才是关键词。所以考生千万不要抱有把阅读和听力中所有细节都记下来写进文章的想法来应对托福综合写作，学会判断哪些是需要记录并写出来的关键重要信息即可。

文章形式随意性较强无明确要求

这个问题也有很多人会问，托福综合写作的文章到底需要写成什么形式比较好?有的人觉得是类似独立写作那样分几段的形式，也有考生认为写个一长段就可以了。这里需要注意的是，官方虽然给出了well-organized的要求，但这只是从文章是否方便理解的角度提出的要求。实际上OG上对这一点也有提到，原话是You can write either one long paragraph or a series of short paragraphs listing the points of opposition between the rading passage and the lecture. 所以考生无论是写成多个段落还是直接一段完事，只要内容能够清晰有条理，哪种形式其实都是可以接受的。

不影响准确表达内容的少量语言类错误不扣分

最后要说的也是很多人比较关心的一个问题，那就是文章里出现语言类错误的扣分标准。这一点小编其实一直都抱有这样的观点，那就是只要各类语法词汇句式的错误数量较少，而且不出现在关键性的位置上，那么托福考官其实都是会睁一只眼闭一只眼放过的。但如果这些语言类错误频繁出现在文章里，还老是在一些重要的地方干扰考官对文章的阅读理解，那么扣分就是妥妥的了。OG中也很好地佐证了这个观点，那就是occasional language errors that are present do not result in anaccurate or imprecise presentation of content connections是不会被扣分的。

综上所述，托福综合写作虽然题型和要求都比较“奇葩”，但想要收获高分，考生只需要抓住上面这些重点，其实也并不困难，对于本身阅读及听力技能较强的考生来说甚至可能比独立写作还要简单一些。最后小编大家都能写好托福综合写作拿到高分评价。

托福独立写作如何提升写文章速度?备考打基础方法介绍

托福独立写作时间不足2大基础原因分析

对于备考时间充足的考生来说，扎实的基本功是冲刺托福写作高分的不二法门。独立写作时间不够用的原因可以归结为以下两类：一是打字速度慢，不适应基于计算机输入的考试形式;二是题目不熟悉，审题、列提纲和安排文章结构等环节浪费了大量时间，导致有效输入正文的时间不够。

如何在备考中打好基础提升写作速度?

针对这两类问题，建议考生在日常练习中不要盲目练习、只顾低头写文章，要有的放矢，适当增加一些基础训练。

打字速度慢的考生可以下载一些练习打字的软件，通过寓教于乐的练习提升输入速度、提高输入的正确率。

题目不熟的考生可以仔细研究近三年托福考试写作部分的真题机经，每道题目都列出提纲，矫正逻辑偏差和理解误差。由于托福考试写作部分的题目题材重复度高，熟悉机经真题的考生在考试过程中可以在审题、列提纲、安排文章结构、和全文通览检查等环节中节省大量时间，把更多的时间留给正文输入。

打基础一定要严格控制时间

俗话说：事预则立。在此提醒各位考生，在日常练习中一定要严控时间，务必在30分钟内完成练习，如果没有在规定时间内完成，一定要认真分析原因。切勿放松对时间的要求，用60分钟或是更长的时间完成一篇文章，只会给自己制造一些假象，看似一切良好，但却不利于在考场上发挥水平。

托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析：working by hand or using machines

托福写作难点话题一览

Doing work: by hand or using machines?

Some people like doing work by hand. Others prefer using machines. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

写作思路展开结构分析

分情况。有些事情适合用手做，比如：洗衣服：有些人就喜欢用手洗衣服(wash clothes)，而不用洗衣机(laundry machine)。写字：不用电脑，而坚持用笔，基本上只有50岁以上的人才干得出来。很多的事情只能手工去作(举例);而另外也有很多事情只能用机器去做(举例)。还有一些事情要二者结合才可以，比如统计工作。搜集数据(collect data)，往往更依赖人工(manual work);数据处理(data processing/manipulating)，最好由计算机完成。

本话题高分范文赏析

Some people like doing work by hand. Others prefer to use machines. I definitely fall into the latter category. I use a machine for almost all of the work I do. The reasons why I prefer to use machines are that most hand work is tedious, machines are faster and more efficient, and I am more proficient with most machines. Two things that I spend a copious amount of time doing are writing and sewing. Both of these endeavors border on pain if I do not have a computer or a sewing machine, respectively. What was once a fun task becomes very monotonous, and no longer enjoyable. Using a machine can turn ordinary tasks into exciting ones. Using machines to do work is also much faster and more efficient than using your hands to do it. For example, if I wrote this essay by hand, rather than using the computer, it would probably take me at least five times as long. Hand sewing a shirt would take ten times longer than using a machine to do the same work. Not only are machines faster and more efficient, I am much more proficient using machines than I am doing the same work by hand. I find that when I am sewing by hand, all of my seams are very uneven and crooked. However, when I sew on a machine, my seams are perfect. The machine helps to keep my hand in line, therefore I can turn out a much better product. It is the same for writing essays. My handwriting is messy at times. If I had written a paper, I cannot correct it as easily as if I had written it on the computer. My writing blurs together, and sometimes I cannot even read what I have written down. Machines are definitely a better way for me to work efficiently, proficiently, and enjoyably.

托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析：be assigned or choose your roommate

托福写作难点话题一览

Be assigned a roommate, or choose your own roommate?

You have been told that dormitory rooms at your university must be shared by two students. Would you rather have the university assign a student to share a room with you, or would you rather choose your own roommate? Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer.

写作思路展开结构分析

陈述学校分配的好处/陈述自己选择的好处(注意，两种方法都有缺点) 选择立场。选择让学校分配可以体现自己的大度(open-minded and magnanimous)或者说适应能力强随和好相处，选择自己挑室友则可以说为了以后更好的相处等等。

本话题高分范文赏析

Going to university is an exciting time in a young person's life. Part of the experience is living in the campus dormitory, and it is the first time for person away from his/her parents, in many cases. If one has to share a room with another student, I believe that it is better that the university picks the prospective roommate. When a young person first goes to university, he/she often moves straight to the school from his/her bedroom at his/her parents' house. This usually means that the person has no idea of the qualities necessary to be a good roommate. Perhaps the young person would choose to live with a good friend. While this situation could be a very happy one, it could also be disastrous. Getting along with a friend as a roommate, if not properly handled, could quickly ruin the relationship. If the school picks one's roommate, this is less likely to happen. In many cases, young people travel out of the city they grew up in to go to university. For many of these students, picking a potential roommate would be difficult. They know very few people in the new city, let alone at the university. This can lead to very stressful situations. If one is trying to settle into a new environment, but also must find a roommate to live with, he/she might find the whole experience overwhelming. Finally, I think having the school choose roommates rather than the individuals is a good idea because living with a person you do not know can be a rewarding experience. A stranger can quickly turn into one's best friend, as memories are forged while living together in a confined space.

篇4：托福独立写作写作思路讲解

把握好文章写作思路

怎样发展成为一篇逻辑性很强的文章呢下面为大家介绍一些实战做法。

1.首先应该审题，尤其关注作文题目中的绝对性词汇。

比如：Improving school is most important factor to sucessful development of country. 看到most ，我们自然想到用他因法。

2.其次用20秒的时间，整理脑中所有能用的素材，让这些素材称为支持你段落的骨架，然后开始确定段落的论点。

3.尽量使你的语言句式丰富一些。

形式主语，主动，被动，动名词To do作主语，倒装句，there be，以及强调句等等。特别强调一点，为了使你文章的逻辑清晰可见，要使用逻辑连接词。

4.把握好过渡词的使用，和适当的论述方法完善你的作文，使之成为一个逻辑整体。

论述方法：条件(假设)法，比如：if 我按照论点那样做，就能cause siginificant effects，除了用if，还能有with, when, only through + 方式+倒装等。

新托福独立作文的写作是讲究技巧的，只要把一篇作文的条理理顺，再用自己的语言组织论点和论据，丰富文章的内容，然后再稍加注意一下措辞，那么，拿到高分也不是那么困难了。

篇5：托福独立写作写作思路讲解

把握好托福独立写作重要的因素

托福独立作文最重要的因素是什么?当然是论点和论证。一篇好的作文，论点可以提纲挈领，论证可以丰富文章内容。

由于考试时间的限制，很多英语程度好的学生也会出现一些问题。比如说一个学生对作文的论点言之凿凿，但就是写不出东西，或是写不出令自己满意的句子。所以，上考场前，脑中一定要装一些东西，好的例子，好的句子等。

这里强调论据的重要性，不是忽视逻辑和论点的重要性。相反，只要你能够掌握一些万能的论据，对你谋划全篇的结构，以及段落发展，是有好处的。

论据的准备也可以称为素材，可以多去亦鸥看看小伙伴们的写作，这种素材可以是一个短语，一个人名，或是一个完整的例子。这种例子能够辅佐你的乱点，能够画龙点睛。

仿写也是提高作文的一大法宝，可以找到亦鸥考友们的高分作文来进行仿写。仿写的目的是提升语言，不求语言华丽，但求语言要地道。

篇6：托福独立写作写作思路讲解

怎样发展成为一篇逻辑性很强的文章呢?下面为大家介绍一些实战做法：

1.首先应该审题，尤其关注作文题目中的绝对性词汇。

比如：Improving school is most important factor to sucessful development of country. 看到most ，我们自然想到用他因法。

2.其次用20秒的时间，整理脑中所有能用的素材，让这些素材称为支持你段落的骨架，然后开始确定段落的论点。

3.把握好过渡词的使用，和适当的论述方法完善你的作文，使之成为一个逻辑整体。

论述方法：条件(假设)法，比如：if 我按照论点那样做，就能cause siginificant effects，除了用if，还能有with, when, only through + 方式+倒装等。

4.尽量使你的语言句式丰富一些。

形式主语，主动，被动，动名词To do作主语，倒装句，there be，以及强调句等等。特别强调一点，为了使你文章的逻辑清晰可见，要使用逻辑连接词。

篇7：托福独立写作写作思路讲解

1， 要与论题相匹配。论题问的既然是提高生活质量与否，一些无关紧要的改变就应该弃之不用，比如烹调时间缩短这一项改变，是事实，且未对生活质量有直接明显影响，就应该避免用作主要论点。

2， 要能言之有物。这是再功利不过的一条标准。比如我自己提到了食物准备时间缩短能让人性情改变，破题时觉得不无可能，真落笔时却不知道由何说起，如果选了这一条为一个主要论点，结果是我说了一句话就走人，那还不如选个能下笔，能展示语言功底，也能显示思维缜密的写作方向。

3， 选择的无论是2个还是3个论点，内在一定要有联系。这其实是整个立意阶段的重头。要立意，就是要明白自己表达的对象是什么，明确立场。然后站在这个立场上，挑选支持自己的论点。

托福写作破题结束后，第二要做的重要事项便是整理行文思路。破题过程其实是个发散思维的过程，而立意，则是要把思维收回来，组织化，理清它的脉络纹路，让他们按照自认为最有说服力的顺序排列好，准备落于纸上的过程。这个说服力的强弱，应该以什么标准判断呢-笔者认为，能说服读者的议论，在论点选择上应该遵循一个原则：三个(或者两个)论点不能在层面上有交叉，但要符合一条明线：支持全文观点。而最打动读者的论点选择，不仅遵循上面的原则，三个看似不交叉的论点间还有一条暗线贯穿一致。令全文浑然天成，回味无穷。

立意的地一步，按照上面的原则看，当然是先确定观点。以题目为例，笔者愿意选择否，食物易于准备降低了人们的生活质量。第一步踏出去了。

确定观点后，破题时得到的思维方向，明显不利于我的就应该排除。比如营养价值改变这一条，虽然速食文化的确对人体有害，但另一项速食：生疏和熟粗粮，就是向有益方向改变的，两者势均力敌，仅管是很容易想到，也很容易举例论证的论点，却不宜使用，因为如此贸然用了，有思维不缜密之嫌。然而，这毕竟是一块好啃的骨头，如果其他论点都不好论证，还可以回头捡起这一条来，隐去健康速食那个事实进行作文，当然，这依然是下下之选。

篇8：托福独立写作写作思路讲解

一、段落主题思想要与全文观点相匹配

例题：Nowadays, food has become easier to prepare. Has this change improved the way people live? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

题目大意：如今食物变得越来越容易准备。这种变化是不是改善了人们的生活?

该问题中提供给考生探讨的要点是食物准备方式的改变是否提高生活质量。对此问题，一些考生马上就联想到：食物容易准备节约了时间，并就此给出段落中心词。但结合文章论点稍微深入思考一步就会发现，时间缩短这一项改变虽然是事实，但对于生活质量的影响并不直接，如果作为主要论点给出的话会使读者觉得该支持理由与主题观点并没有直接关联。所以对于这种容易想出但与文章中心关系并不密切的拓展思路就需要能及时舍弃。

二、段落主题句要能言之有物

这是再功利不过的一条标准，就上面这道题目而言，有的考生注意到了食物准备时间缩短与生活质量改善之间的思路跳跃，因此在两者中间补充说明，食物准备时间缩短能让人性情改变，从而影响人们的生活质量，构思时觉得该立意比较新颖，又能切合主题，继续写下去不无可能。但真正落笔时却不知道该如何说明人们性情转变这一抽象情况，并且自己平常生活中对此也并无较深入的感受和经验，结果说了一句话拓展就不得不匆匆收尾，导致读者要不就读得“意犹未尽”，要不就干脆觉得“云里雾里”。与其这样，还不如选个常见思路，如：快速的生活节奏造成压力，来展开拓展，这样即能展示语言功底，也能显示思维缜密的写作方向。

三、全文选择的2个或是3个段落支持理由之间不能出现重复论述

这其实是整个构思阶段的重头。要立意，就是要明白自己表达的对象是什么，明确立场。然后站在这个立场上，挑选支持自己的论点。在整理行文思路时，考生所进行的其实是个发散思维的过程，而立意，则是要把思维收回来，组织化，理清它的脉络纹路，让它们有着各自的特征，又能协调地为同一目的服务。

能够说服读者的议论文，在论点选择上应该遵循一个原则：三个(或者两个)论点虽说要符合一条明线：支持全文观点，但不能在各自的论述层面上有交叉。比如在上题所给的理由中已经列出：快速的生活节奏造成压力，有的考生继续拓展第二支持理由：人们正在沉沦于速食中，丧失享受生活的品位，这两点看上去都与主题相关，并且有各自的中心点，但是稍微拓展就会发现，其实两者都是围绕人们的心理健康这一基本点所进行的思维扩展，与其分开两段来写，还不如先给出影响心理健康这一中心，再分原因和不同情况进行扩展论述。这样即体现了同一段落内部论述的全面性，又避免出现两段中内容及语言的重复表达。

对于新托福独立写作中的主题思路的确立及论证理由的分析是一个严谨的逻辑思维的过程，需要考生在平常的练习中进行充分的准备，才能在考场上短时间内做到从题目中心出发，思路清晰，论证严谨。

篇9：托福独立写作文章结构细节讲解

ETS官方如何定义托福独立写作文章结构?

在托福官方指南OG中有一部分关于organization的说明，通过几个问句提醒同学们一篇完整的文章应该要包含几个部分：开头段，主体段和结尾段，并且要分段，结构要清晰。

同学们往往对于每部分要写什么毋庸置疑，但在准备的过程中，往往重视形式大过内容。原则上，在不影响主体段发挥的前提下，开头和结尾的方法以及长度随意(OG中介绍了6种开头方法以及5种结尾方法)，保证关键的信息给出即可;但从大部分同学的实际考试情况来看，开头和结尾总倾向于事先准备好的模板句型;相反，最重要的主体段没有留足够的时间和精力。结果往往捡了芝麻丢了西瓜。所以除非能够灵活运用OG介绍的方法，否则建议同学简化开头和结尾。

OG实例提示考生简化开头结尾段

我们看一下OG书上的一个开头段例子：

The importance of the issue raised by the posed statement, namely creating a new holiday for people, cannot be underestimated, as it concerns the very fabric of society. As it stands, the issue of creating a new holiday raises profound implications for the future. However, although the subject matter in general cannot be dismissed lightheartedly, the perspective of the issue as presented by the statement raises certain qualms regarding practical application.

这个开头段的前两句都在强调话题(create a new holiday)的重要性，属于赘述(redundancy)，第三句并没有很直接给出立场，不符合评分标准中的“有效回答问题”。为了获得一个高分，我们需要避免赘述(redundancy)和偏题(digression)。

其次OG中有个2分的文章，截取每段的第一句话：

In the following, I will illustrate my opinion by two reasons.

First of all, honest make the trust stronger between friends or colleagues.

Secondly, telling a lie always makes things worse not only in work but also in family life.

On the contrary, sometimes it is better to tell a lie to others, such as telling a lie to a patient.

作者想给出2个理由，从正反论证说实话在人际关系中的重要性。而第三段的on the contrary， 看似是对比论证，然而并非是描述”撒谎的弊端“，所以结构上会引起困惑。

篇10：托福独立写作文章结构细节讲解

关于结构清晰，一方面建议大家不要大片背诵模板句式然后进行堆砌。今年的两场考试中，已经有明确要求Do not use memorized examples.如果不能将模板句式巧妙结合所写文章熟练混迹在自己的语言表达之下，那么建议踏踏实实审题。另一方面，平时可以结合历年真题，多训练开门见山的思维方式，然后根据不同的话题补充相应的词汇短语等语料表达，不至于无话可说。

托福写作解析:Children and sports

托福写作题目：

Some young children spend a great amount of their time practicing sports. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

参考分析：

优点：对身体健康有好处;有助于培养与人和睦相处的能力;缺点：耽误学习，instant pleasure costs long-term benefits.

花很长时间搞体育的优点

(1)身体健康

(2)促进团队精神

(3)交很多朋友

花很长时间搞体育的缺点：耽误学习

参考范文：

Children and sports

Currently some young children spend a great amount of their time in practicing sports. Most parents feel quite happy because sports are good for their kids' development and team work spirit,however they are quite worried about some negative effects such as practicing sports occupies too much time, distracts their attentions on school work and loses certain interests on other activities. In my opinion, everything has its good side and bad side. The important thing is to handle it properly.

Admittedly, practicing sports can help children's physical development, which makes them grow faster and stronger than before. As we know, during children's development periods, especially from 10 to 16 years old, sports are really helpful for children to develop. Sports can create a strong body that reduces the possibility of contracting some diseases easily. Definitely we believe that children benefit from sports.

Another good thing is that sports teach us to learn how to corporate with other members in a team. Most sports are team work. If we want to play them well, we must master some skills to care about what our team members are thinking and how to adapt each other to achieve a common goal. Sports are not an individual activity, it needs corporation and mutual understanding. This is not easy to master. Of course, for parents they are delightful to see their children to get this skill from sports.

托福写作模板：不同话题经典模板句式

1 We may cite a common example of

2 A general /recent survey /investigation conducted by officials/ scientists indicates /reveals/ suggests that

比较

1 Although the commonly-accepted belief/ idea is that X.X.X, a current/ recent study/ survey indicates that

2 It is true that X.X.X, but it does not mean that

原因

1 The reasons/ causes for X.X.X are varied/ complicated and perhaps (probably) that they lie in the fact

2 Another contributing factor/ cause of X.X.X is that

开头

1 There is a general/ public debate/ discussion nowadays on/ over the X.X.X. Those who criticize/ object to X.X.X argue that

2 They believe that X.X.X, however, people who advocate/ favor X.X.X argue that

结果

1 As it turns out / Indisputably/Accordingly

2 Considering all the factors above, we may safely draw the conclusion that

托福独立写作文章结构细节讲解

篇11：托福独立写作文章结构布局高分思路讲解

【实用经验】托福独立写作文章结构布局高分思路讲解

托福独立写作总分总结构很LOW吗?

说到托福写作的结构，曾有考生问过ETS官方，说中国语文的作文是总分总的结构，托福还是这么写会不会太低端了啊?官方给出的回答是，总分总的篇章安排不叫低端(low)，而叫经典(classic)。我们都说一个写作题目没有标准答案的范文，但是有一个东西可以说是形成了不成文的规定的，那就是一篇好的作文一定是有头有尾、中间细分几段论证的，这一点可以从很多官方给出的范文或是学生的高分文章中得到证实。

托福独立写作到底应该写4段还是5段?

另外，很多考生还存在疑问的一点在于到底一篇文章是写四段还是五段，在小编看来，两种结构各有利弊所在。一般写4段式的同学都是因为主体段只能想出两条理由，实在是想不出第三条理由，只能以1+2+1的结构完成文章。大家都知道一般来说要想拿到不错的分数，一篇新托福议论文需要写到400字左右，那么，如果主体段只写两段，势必需要考生在这两个段落的论证细节上写出更多的内容，否则字数撑不到那么多，而这一点对于很多考生来说恰恰也是很有难度的。相反地，如果写成5段式，貌似就需要考生能想出3条理由进行论证，但事实是，很多考生根本想不到3点理由，能想出2点已经是绞尽脑汁了。在这种情况下，怎么做才是最简易、最轻松的应对办法呢?

小编比较建议大家写5段式的文章，但主体段并不是上文所说的3个理由段，而是采用2+1的模式，即两个理由段，再加一个让步段。关于理由段的写法，将在下文详细分析，在此先重点解释一下让步段到底是什么意思。“让步”字面意思是退一步，那么放到我们作文里，意思就是承认一下反方的观点。西方的文章不太喜欢作者全篇一味强调自己观点的正确性，而是需要作者能适当回应并评价一下反方的观点，这样的文章看起来会更加有说服力。当然，广大考生需要注意的是，小编这里提到的“承认反方观点”

指的是“弱弱地承认”，承认过后必须再削弱回去或者说再驳斥回去，只有这样才能更强调出本文观点的准确性，否则读者看起来会有confusion， 也就是为什么一会儿支持自己的观点，一会儿又支持反方观点。

托福独立写作合理结构分配建议

总结一下，笔者推荐的新托福议论文结构为1+3(2+1)+1的模式。第一段总起全文，导入话题并给出本人观点，主体段前两段为理由段，想出两条理由论证正方观点，主体段第三段为让步段，先承认反方观点的合理之处，再削弱此观点，最后一段为总结段，重申本人观点，再做适当的展望。

托福写作模板：大一新生是否需要上课提升学习能力

题目：A university recognized that first-year students have poor study skills. It is believed that the best way to address this problem is to require all first-year students to take courses on study skills, while others don’t agree with this requirement. What is your opinion?

范文1：Argument 1 (for)

Some people may think that requiring first-year college students to take courses to improve study skills is a waste of time, but I think it is a good way to ensure that students can cope with the college’s requirements. If the students do not have the needed skills already, teaching them as a class is the most efficient method to bring students to the correct level and allow the regular classes to progress at a faster pace.

If students do not have the required study skills when they enter college, they probably are unable to learn those skills on their own. Students need to find appropriate resources for research, develop organizational skills to balance homework and test study time, and learn acceptable formats for writing papers and giving presentations. These are not naturally acquired traits. As with any other subject, it is easiest to learn these things when they are presented in a clear, logical way by a trained professor. If the skills are not taught, the student may not even know what is missing, so will never even think to find out on his or her own.

In addition to providing foundational skills, an introductory study skills class can highlight the special requirements of and opportunities available at the college. For example, my high school taught Chicago bibliography structure, and I thought I was ready for college. However, my college requires that all papers be written in APA format. I needed to learn the APA style, and a basic class would have been very useful. In addition, my college has a fantastic computer resource lab with programs for making charts and graphs with complex data. I did not even know the lab existed during my first year, something I could have learned in an orientation study course.

The result of having all students take a study skills class is clear: regular classes can progress more smoothly. The regular faculty does not have to waste time instructing on points such as APA format that should already be known to the students. The students will all be able to keep up because they are organized; class time is not wasted completing things that should already have been done. Students can finish projects using all the resources available rather than trying to solve a problem without the proper equipment.

Therefore, a college would be wise to require all first-year students to take a basic study skills course. The students can learn things they would not find out on their own, find out about resources at the college, and prepare for a smoother class experience.

to bring students to the correct level 使学生达到标准水准

These are not naturally acquired traits. 这不是自然习得的特征

as with X 正如X, 和X一样

foundational skill 基本技能

regular classes can progress more smoothly 普通课程可以进展地更顺利些

be able to keep up 能够跟得上

范文2：Argument 2 (against)

Requiring all first-year students to take an introductory study skills class is a waste of time and money for both the college and the students. It is not fair to advanced students who have alreadyinvested the time and energy to acquire good study skills, so an alternative program should be offered.

Although at first glance a study skills class may seem like a good idea, setting up such a course is a considerable investment for the institution. If all incoming students are required to take the class, many teachers and classrooms must be available for the program. For the program to be successful, the teaching materials should be consistent, so someone needs to develop the course and train the teachers in the best way to deliver the content. This investment of time, space and money could be better spent elsewhere.

Not only is a special class expensive for the university, it is also expensive for the students. Every student can only take a few classes per term, so making one of them a study requirement means that the student has less opportunity to pursue specialized classes needed to succeed in the working world after graduation. This investment of time and money is particularly unfair if the student already has the study skills necessary to do well. In fact, such a requirement might even make more advanced students consider attending a different university because they do not want to pay for something they do not need, lowering the overall level of student at the university.

A better alternative to a study skills class would be to provide each incoming student with a handbook listing the resources available at the school. Students who need extra training could go to a study lab with tutors or go to listed internet websites or chatrooms. Students can learn at their own pace and take advantage of whatever resources they need; students who do not need help are not held back in any way. The tutors could be upper-level students who are on a work-study program, which would cost the university significantly less than paying full-time professorial stafffor a special class.

Requiring all freshmen to take a study skills class is a waste of time and money for the students and institution, so it would be better to offer alternatives that target the specific skills that individual students need to learn.

invested the time and energy to do 投入时间和精力去做

an alternative program 备选方案

at first glance 乍一看

incoming students 即将入学的学生

the overall level of student 学生的整体水平

hold back 阻止,抑制

full-time professorial staff 全职教授级职员

托福写作模板：如何提升演讲能力

题目：

After your presentation, which way would you choose to identify your weakness and improve your presentation?

1) reviewing the recording on your own;

2) inviting your colleagues or classmates to make suggestions for improvement.

范文1：For Choice 1

To improve my performance after giving a presentation, it is best to review a recording of it by myself. This process lets me observe all aspects of the presentation, evaluate changes at my own pace, and avoid being defensive.

First, a video recording gives significantly more information than just relying on comments made by colleagues or classmates. I can analyze and improve on even small points that others may not have noticed or found worth mentioning. For example, a couple years ago, I gave a presentation that I had extensively prepared for. It had strong organization and flow. Classmates raved about the content, but mentioned that I looked scared. I was confused, because I had felt confident. However, I noticed in the video later that I was continually fingering my notes. For my next presentation, I placed the notes within view but did not hold them, rendering my appearance more professional.

Another reason I prefer watching a recording is my pace of learning. I can focus on the points I want to redo, replaying the material as often as I want, confirming even tiny details. In fact, I can even take long breaks to think about what I see or to try out alternate delivery styles. I do not have to inconvenience my friends by asking them for feedback or taking up their time. If others are involved in the evaluation process, I feel much more rushed because I do not want to bother people who have agreed to help me.

Finally, reviewing a recording by myself eliminates a serious problem that hinders progress: my pride. I do not like to admit it, but I often get defensive about feedback and want to explain why certain things happened. I feel resentful about negative comments rather than see them as stepping stones towards improvement. It is a natural tendency, but it definitely hinders my ability to assimilate outside feedback. Furthermore, friends try to be polite, so they may not mention minorpoints that I might have improved because they don’t want to seem too critical. Emotions get in the way of a thorough critique.

To improve my future performance, I find it best to review videos of my presentations by myself. I can evaluate all aspects of the presentation, take as much time as I need, and avoid the inevitable problem of emotional involvement swaying the critique.

at my own pace 按照自己的步伐走

rave about the content 对内容赞不绝口

place the notes within view 把笔记放在眼前,把笔记放在视线范围内

inconvenience my friends 麻烦我的朋友

take up their time 占用他们的时间

see them as stepping stones towards improvement 把它们看作是迈向进步的垫脚石

get in the way 妨碍,阻碍

范文2：For Choice 2

It is essential to get the feedback of people in the audience to learn about mistakes and improve on a presentation. Spectator critiques help identify the big picture and reveal points that you can’tsee in an honest, unbiased way.

No matter how impartial you want to be, a self-evaluation is biased. It incorporates points that are not relevant to the performance you gave. For example, you may think you did excellent given your limited practice time or great amount of stress, but your audience is unaware of these factors. The viewers only evaluate what they see, which is a far more accurate measure of a presentation. A self-evaluation may also ignore issues that were “just accidents.” However, such points may reallybe important detractors that need to be addressed.

People in the audience also provide insight into the big picture. They only have time to note specific glaring details or outstanding highlights. Otherwise, their feedback gives you the overallimpression of the performance, which is something intangible and essential to the presentation’ssuccess. If you compare the feedback of several observers, you can isolate the main patterns. As a result, you can understand the most important parts that need changed. If you only refer to a video on your own, you may get caught up changing minor details rather than addressing the key elements that are needed to alter the overall flow or lasting effect.

Finally, classmates or colleagues may identify things you take for granted such as mannerisms, repeated words, or even problems with visual aids. One example is a teacher who gave a presentation using an old slide projector that kept jamming. The teacher apologized when that happened and kept going with the lecture. He had no idea how distracting it was, to the point that students remembered joking about which slide would get stuck next better than they remembered the content. The teacher, however, was so used to fixing the projector that he barely noticed it. The feedback showed him the value of replacing his visual aids with newer equipment, an issue he had never considered was important.

Since an audience gives you honest evaluations of the overall impression of a presentation and identifies points you may not see on your own, it is important to get feedback from people in the audience in order to improve your presentations.

spectator critiques 旁观者的评论

in an honest, unbiased way 以诚实、公正的方式

a far more accurate measure of a presentation 对报告或展示一种更为准确的评价

provide insight into the big picture 洞察全局

glaring details 明显的细节

outstanding highlights 突出的亮点

visual aids 视觉辅助

篇12：托福独立写作文章结构如何安排

托福独立写作文章结构如何安排?常见问题及高分思路分享

托福独立写作总分总结构很LOW吗?

说到托福写作的结构，曾有考生问过ETS官方，说中国语文的作文是总分总的结构，托福还是这么写会不会太低端了啊?官方给出的回答是，总分总的篇章安排不叫低端(low)，而叫经典(classic)。我们都说一个写作题目没有标准答案的范文，但是有一个东西可以说是形成了不成文的规定的，那就是一篇好的作文一定是有头有尾、中间细分几段论证的，这一点可以从很多官方给出的范文或是学生的高分文章中得到证实。

托福独立写作到底应该写4段还是5段?

另外，很多考生还存在疑问的一点在于到底一篇文章是写四段还是五段，在小编看来，两种结构各有利弊所在。一般写4段式的同学都是因为主体段只能想出两条理由，实在是想不出第三条理由，只能以1+2+1的结构完成文章。大家都知道一般来说要想拿到不错的分数，一篇新托福议论文需要写到400字左右，那么，如果主体段只写两段，势必需要考生在这两个段落的论证细节上写出更多的内容，否则字数撑不到那么多，而这一点对于很多考生来说恰恰也是很有难度的。相反地，如果写成5段式，貌似就需要考生能想出3条理由进行论证，但事实是，很多考生根本想不到3点理由，能想出2点已经是绞尽脑汁了。在这种情况下，怎么做才是最简易、最轻松的应对办法呢?

小编比较建议大家写5段式的文章，但主体段并不是上文所说的3个理由段，而是采用2+1的模式，即两个理由段，再加一个让步段。关于理由段的写法，将在下文详细分析，在此先重点解释一下让步段到底是什么意思。“让步”字面意思是退一步，那么放到我们作文里，意思就是承认一下反方的观点。西方的文章不太喜欢作者全篇一味强调自己观点的正确性，而是需要作者能适当回应并评价一下反方的观点，这样的文章看起来会更加有说服力。当然，广大考生需要注意的是，小编这里提到的“承认反方观点”指的是“弱弱地承认”，承认过后必须再削弱回去或者说再驳斥回去，只有这样才能更强调出本文观点的准确性，否则读者看起来会有confusion， 也就是为什么一会儿支持自己的观点，一会儿又支持反方观点。

托福独立写作合理结构分配建议

总结一下，笔者推荐的新托福议论文结构为1+3(2+1)+1的模式。第一段总起全文，导入话题并给出本人观点，主体段前两段为理由段，想出两条理由论证正方观点，主体段第三段为让步段，先承认反方观点的合理之处，再削弱此观点，最后一段为总结段，重申本人观点，再做适当的展望。

托福考试作文范例：父母应代替少年儿童作决定吗

托福考试作文题目：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents or other adult relatives should make important decisions for their older (15 to 18 year-old) teenage children. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

托福考试作文参考分析：

表明立场：这样的做法有一定的道理。支持这样的做法的理由：older teenage children还不够成熟(immature)，考虑不够周全(inconsiderate)，尤其涉及到经济相关的决定时，缺乏独立承担能力(incapable of being independent)。然而，“如何保证parents或者adult relatives所作的决定就是正确的”也是个问题。另外，总是把孩子排除在决定权之外，是否会使孩子变得“没能力做出任何决定”?the ability to make sound decision是人生道路上很重要的能力之一。

托福考试作文范文：

The issue of whether parents or other adult relatives should make important decisions for their teenage children arouses much controversy among people with different perspectives and backgrounds. Some people believe the statement is legitimate, because children are not mature and have not enough experiences to determine the optimal choice. On the other hand, people claim that nobody can control other's life even their parents. People should be responsible for their own behaviors and determine their lives. As far as I am concerned, I would like to refute the former and support the latter. In the following discussing, I would like to address some evidence to substantiate my point of view.

In the first place, the most important reason for me to choose this position is that old teenagers have their own thoughts and ideas. The fact that the thoughts of children are not perfect and logical does not mean their parents have right to eliminate their decision without considering the children's intentions. In the era of rapid social and technological changes leading to increasing life complexity and psychological displacement, the good decision in parents' time would be out of data.

In the second place, the job of parents is not to make decision for their children, but to help them to choose. In this period of 15 to 18 year-old children, they are always radical. If their parents make decisions instead of themselves, they will not obey these decisions. Parents had better told their kids about their opinions, worries and experiences as friends. Give much more room for their kids to think and decide. Respect and believe their kids will choose the better one and will face the result directly.

In sum, considering the aforementioned reasons I support the statement that older teenagers had better make decisions by themselves. Admittedly, our parents are our best and most early teacher. They would give us more important advices to help us choose the best decision.

托福考试作文范例：出国留学经历的利弊分析

托福考试作文题目：

The independent essay usually asks for your opinion about a familiar topic. You will have 30 minutes to plan, write, and revise your response. Typically, a good essay for the independent topic will require that you write 300–350 words.

Question:

You are planning to study abroad. What do you think you will like and dislike about this experience? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

托福考试作文参考分析：

本题要求考生通过定位，概括和分类仔细审题，就某个问题写一篇感想，或就一个事件进行阐述，解释以及论证自己的观点，列出提纲明确主题并围绕主题来写作和修改文章。

托福考试作文范文：

My mother once told me that she could always find my eyes shining at the mention of going abroad for further education. There is no denying the fact that I have strong desire of my oversea trip and have planed of it for a long period since I began my high school time. In fact, I am only a typical example of those young students who have the some dream. A result of recent survey, released by a famous magazine in my hometown showed that more than 72 percent local high school students has pleasant association with studying abroad. Anyway, such decisions can benefit a young man a great deal while it is not without its problems.

Will oversea colleges and universities, especially those in America, provide Chinese student a more refined education? The data I select over this year leads to me believe that the answer is undoubtedly positive, since those abroad universities, which enjoy high reputations world-widely, have faculty and advanced facility. It is the education with totally different conceptions that will exert positively influence on one by widening his or her horizon, whereby he/she can put him/herself in a favorable position in the future job markets.

Secondly, which is another conspicuous advantage of the oversea life, it can bring one friends from a variety of countries. Seldom can one have an adjust judgement to a remote nation without consorting with the people from that area. As my cousin, who has been living in England for over seven years, pointed out, she learns a lot from her foreign friends.

However, we immature students should be blind to the dilemma we may face toward in the future. Living in a foreign country means one should try hard to adapt him/herself to a new environment and, in addition, probably have to suffer from the segregation with family.

After the both sides of abroad life are viewed, it is time to draw my conclusion. In short, the study in a foreign university will be a precious experience to a young man as long as he/she can overcome the difficulty he/she may encounter.

篇13：托福写作综合独立题型时间分配要点讲解

托福写作综合独立题型时间分配要点讲解

一、托福综合写作时间细节安排

首先考生需要花费大约三分钟的时间阅读一篇学术短文，在阅读的同时大家要注意记下文章的主要观点及词汇，为听力部分先做准备。接下来考生还需要听一段大致为2分钟的听力讲座，内容一般是对阅读资料观点的辩驳。这个时候考生就需要针对阅读内容的观点分别记下听力部分的辩驳理由及相关细节，当然对于阅读资料的内容如果有补充我们也要记下来。

接下来考生大致有20分钟来总结听力中的关键内容，并写出一系列的关键内容以及与阅读材料的差异点。一般建议大家写150-225个词，每个写作任务的分数大致是0-5分，详细评判规范以考生答复的完整性及准确性为首要依据。所以综合写作大致要花费20分钟。

二、托福独立写作时间规划讲解

独立写作的第一步是列好提纲，需要完成审题、提出观点、列出理由三个步骤，大致花费的时间约为3-5分钟。在这个过程中，我们要防止两种错误做法：首先是需要先在草稿纸上列出大致提纲，不要写作思路都没有就动笔，这种做法容易导致文章结构不明确和之后行文中的频繁修改;其次是不要太过详细的在提纲中把所有观点细节和举例内容都写出来，会花太多时间在提纲上，建议大家搭好文章框架后一边写一边展开。

独立写作的第二步就是开始正文的写作了，花费时长大致为22-26分钟。当我们在写作时，要注意每个段落都需要有不同的侧重点。每个段落的主题句能够让考生自己和考官明确了解到你这一个段落的大致内容，因此考生要注意写出主题句以突出自己想表达的观点。如果大家缺乏临场搭建框架的信心，也可以选择提前制作和记忆一些写作模板，并结合作文题目套用到实际写作中。而到了写作最后阶段，当监考官通知距离结束还有五分钟时，考生应该确保已经写到了最后结尾段。如果还没有，那你就要赶紧写完结尾段以确保文章的完整性。

托福写作模板:高分句型解析

有很多同学不太注意综合写作的语言质量，甚至有些老师无意中暗示学生综合写作的语言根本不用管，背个模板就行，导致一些同学生搬硬套模板，结果把综合写作写得牛头不对马嘴，丢掉了不少分数，只是非常悲催的。鉴于此，笔者原创了一些托福综合写作的句型，并将详细讲解这些句型的来历。经过几次认真的练习，你会发现，其实你也可以写出高大上的句子!

托福综合写作对语言质量的要求比独立写作低，甚至可以说低得比较多，这在官方指南中已明显地体现，下面请看第4版(最新版)官方指南综合写作4分的评分标准：

A response at this level is generally good in selecting the important information from the lecture and in coherently and accurately presenting this information inrelation to the relevant information in the reading, but it may have minor omission, inaccuracy, vagueness, or imprecision of some content from the lecture or in connection to points made in the reading. A response is also scored at this level if it has more frequent or noticeable minor language errors, as long as such usage and grammatical structures do not result in anything more than an occasional lapse of clarity or in the connection of ideas.

为什么要看4分的标准而不是5分的呢?因为5分是满分，只要是满分，对各项的要求都非常高。但是，绝大多数同学都不需要考满分，只要你不需要考满分，那最高分就是4分，因为没有介于4分和5分之间的任何小数的分。

以上评分标准告诉我们(请注意划线部分，请特别注意标红部分)，只要不影响理解和观点的对比衔接，就算出现较多的或明显的语法小错误，照样可以得4分，而4分则对应于最终换算出来的25分，这对相当一部分同学来说，已经是一个不错的分数了。

正因为如此，有很多同学就不太注意综合写作的语言质量，甚至有些老师无意中暗示学生综合写作的语言根本不用管，背个模板就行，导致一些同学生搬硬套模板，结果把综合写作写得牛头不对马嘴，丢掉了不少分数，只是非常悲催的。

鉴于此，笔者原创了一些托福综合写作的句型，并将详细讲解这些句型的来历。经过几次认真的练习，你会发现，其实你也可以写出高大上的句子!

首先，我们要明白一个道理，托福写作的语言质量其实就是两点：准确与多样。准确，也即遣词造句要符合语法，最好能做到地道;多样，也即不能总用那几个你熟悉的词和句型结构。这不是我发明和杜撰的，这是官方指南的要求(syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity)，也是一个常识：学一门语言，把句子说对写对是最基本的要求，如果你的句式多样，证明你懂得多，肚子里有“墨水”，理应获得高分。如果连句子都写不对，或只会用非常有限的几种句型结构，就想通过“万能模板”获得高分——大哥，人家ETS有那么傻吗?

一、如何表示“文章”与“听力”

文章

the reading passage/the reading/the passage(摘自官方指南)

或

the article/the reading section/the writer/the author

听力

the lecture/the professor(摘自官方指南)

或

the listening passage/the listening/the listening section/the lecturer/the speaker

二、如何表示“认为、主张、声称”

虽然各个英语单词的地位都是一样的，没有高低贵贱之分，但您总不能一个think杀到底吧!天涯何处无芳草，何必单恋一think呢，请看：

say/believe(稍简单)

claim/state/argue/assert/maintain(语气越来越强硬)

suggest/indicate/imply(有“暗示”的含义，语气稍弱)

take the view that/hold the opinion that/have a notion that(貌似比think颜值稍高..

但一定要注意，表示“文章/听力认为”要用一般现在时，且是第三人称单数(以上表达均可跟that从句)，而描述历史事件时态应跟原文保持一致。来看一个例子：

【例】However, the professor says that tea was popular only in southern China, not in the north where Polo stayed.

(来源：《托福高分范文大全》，戴云、刘芸编著，综合写作第06篇范文，第2主体段)

三、如何表示“反驳”

challenge/disprove/refute/contradict

question/cast doubt on(这两个词宾语一般不能是人)

【例】challenge a claim, an assertion, a verdict

(来源：Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary)

【例】These figures disproved Smith's argument.

(来源：Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English)

【例】an attempt to refute Darwin's theories

(来源：Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English)

【例】Recent evidence has tended to contradict established theories on this subject.

(来源：Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary)

【例】Two months ago, results from a European study questioned whether early treatment with the drug really improved survival.

(来源：Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary)

【例】Last night a top criminal psychologist cast doubt on the theory.

(来源：Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 5th Edition)

四、如何组织语言

开头段

句型一：The lecture is a discussion concerning the issue of (主题), which challenges the main idea in the reading passage.

亮点：

1) the issue of…。一定要注意issue of后应该是名词或一个从句，不能是句子

2) concerning是about的升级版，也可以用regarding或with regard to替换concerning

3) which引导的非限制性定语从句

【例】We should raise the issue of discrimination with the council.

(来源：Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English)

【例】Dillon addressed the issue of child abuse in his speech.

(来源：Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English)

【例】G-8 leaders call for Syrian peace talks, sidestep issue of whether Assad should go

(来源：Washington Post官网，地址为www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/obama-g-8-leaders-cite-weak-economic-prospects//06/18/755e2064-d813-11e2-a016-92547bf094cc_story.html)

【例】the issue of how to provide adequate child care

(来源：American Heritage Dictionary 4th Edition)

句型二：The writer claims in the reading passage that (文章论点), whereas the professor argues in the lecture that (听力论点). Obviously, they hold differing views on the same topic.

亮点：

1) in the reading passage和in the lecture其实把claims that和argues that分开了，这是一个分裂结构

2) whereas是while的升级版，前面有没有逗号都行

3) differing是different的升级版，还可以说成conflicting/opposing/opposite/contrary/divergent/contradictory

句型三：Despite the point made by the writer that (文章论点), the professor casts doubt on what the writer states by saying that (听力论点).

亮点：

1) despite + 名词 + 过去分词作后置定语

2) 用by saying that引出听力论点

中间段

句型一：In the first place, the author presents a viewpoint that (文章分论点). The listening passage, by contrast, puts forward a divergent opinion that (听力分论点). This is because (解释).

亮点：

1) viewpoint是point的升级版

2) by contrast/in contrast表示对比，且为插入语，还可以用however/nevertheless/nonetheless替换，但意思不同，请认真体会

3) put forward是have的升级版

句型二：Another point of view expressed by the lecturer is that (听力分论点), which contradicts the statement given by the reading that (文章分论点). Then the lecturer supports his point by saying that (解释).

亮点：

1) another其实也可以表示列举的第二项，如果把another换成the first/the second/the final，这个句型就可以用在中间段的不同段落

2) supports his point by saying that避免了老用because表示原因

句型三：Finally, although the reading passage asserts that (文章分论点), contrary to what the reading states, the professor maintains that (听力分论点). In order to prove his theory, the professor says that (解释).

亮点：

1) 用contrary to作提前的状语引出反驳

2) 用in order to作提前的状语表示目的

3) 用prove his theory替换了上面的supports his point

【例】Contrary to what the public was told, weapons were still being exported.

(来源：Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students of English)

【例】The new claim is directly contrary to what was originally stated.

(来源：Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students of English)

五、到底写不写结尾段

至于到底写不写结尾段，众说纷纭，笔者认为可写可不写——无论是开头段还是中间段，句式都差不多，如果再加一个结尾段，难免会有重复和冗余之嫌，而且综合写作的官方字数上限是225，写超了到底扣不扣分，谁也不知道。我的理解是，综合写作其实考察了考生提取有效信息的能力，如果写得太长，就有这种能力不强之嫌，所以还是小心为妙。如果小伙伴们看了这篇文章后，“根本停不下来”，忍不住想写，也是可以的，但一定要注意句式和用词的准确与多样。

托福写作解析：10大提分关键

1、你的时间预算。

你只有半个小时来应对托福独立写作，你必须要把时间估算好，这其中可能包括：计划和记录2-3分钟;写文章大约20分钟;检查文章3-5分钟。这其中可能有的考生还需要理思路和列提纲等，反正大家要把考试时间计算精确，千万别等时间到了，你还没有写完，更别谈检查了。

2、仔细阅读问题。

对于托福独立写作，最重要的就是审题，就是考生必须要准确地写这个题目。如果你对题目都理解得不清不楚，那么你写出来的文章或许也不能算是一篇成功或者说高分作文。

3、头脑风暴。

在进行托福独立写作之前，考生应该花一些时间来进行“头脑风暴”，思考这个话题和最好的方法。也只有这样才能让你在看到题目之后把所以可能会出现的情况都提前封上，以求写出高分作文。

4、写你计划的文章。

你不必用罗马数字、大写字母等写出正式的大纲。但是，你应该做一些笔记。通过你的笔记，你可以根据你列出思路进行写作，把你想要写的点都写到，以充实你的托福写作文章。

5、确保你的笔迹是尽可能清晰。

因为现在托福考试都是机考，这些这里的笔迹清晰你可以理解成你的文章逻辑思路，不要让读者即你的批改考官看到一篇没有逻辑的文章，这样会影响你的得分的。

6、遵循一个明确，逻辑结构。

这其实和第5点差不多，就是要说你的文章结构要清楚，这样阅读人才会有兴趣读下去。一般好的文章一般是这样的结构：

主题段：提出观点或者主旨。

正文：由2-3段组成，这其中包括例子叙述等内容。

结尾段：最后总结一些为什么选择这个，可能还会运用到让步段，即如果选择另一个观点会怎么样。

7、使用具体的例子，具体原因。

对于文章的例子，这个我们在这里也单独说一下，一般置于文章的正文部分，必须要有例子来支撑你的论点。

8、使用信号词来表示的转换。

在你的文章当中，信号词可以用来连接段落到段落和句子到句子。

9、使用不同的句子类型。

好的文章是由大部分的简单句+少许的长句组成。如果全篇都是简单句，就会让考官觉得你的文章太单调，这样的文章评分一般不会太高，所以在写作时，考生要努力的使用不同长度的句子来体现你的英文水平。

10、检查作文错误。

在托福写作当中，往往会因一些小的错误让你的托福写作得不了高分，因此不要跨越长的部分或者尝试添加很多新的材料。在标点符号、拼写和大写以及常见的语法错误中找出明显的错误。这也是托福写作高分很重要的一个部分，所以大家要尽可能抽出些时间来进行检查。

篇14：托福综合写作参考材料信息经验讲解

托福综合写作提取信息难点分析

对于题目中给出的阅读和听力材料，特别是听力材料，考生需要在很短的时间内把握其重点信息和论证方法，这是综合写作的第一个难点。但由于涉及的题材都是一些学术的文章和报道，所以在归纳方面还是有一定的规律可循，考生如能掌握以下重点并多加练习，必能攻破这一难关。

篇15：托福综合写作参考材料信息经验讲解

首先，阅读的部分往往来源于一些学术类的文章，因此其内容和结构往往都有很好的逻辑性和完整性，往往文章的首句会提出文章的谈论背景和对象，并紧跟其后提出文章的主题，而接下来的文字则会围绕这个主题展开一些细节性的话题。同时，文章的最后一段也会有重点的观点和信息，也是考生重点要把握的部分。而在段落中间，一般情况下，学术类文章采取归纳式(先进行论证或举例子后总结观点)和讨论式(以主题句开头后面进行论证)的模式，同时考生应该要多注意表示转折、因果关系和总结性的连接词，把握了这些内容，对于考生掌握阅读材料的重点信息和结构有很大的帮助。

篇16：托福综合写作参考材料信息经验讲解

其次对于听力材料，这是综合类写作过程中的难点，但考生在已经理解了阅读材料的基础上，对于听力材料的主题就已经有了一定的把握，因此考生需要将听力的重点放在判断听力文章的观点和阅读文章的观点的比较上，是互相支持还是互相对立，支持或对立的观点分别用哪些论证手段和实例来证明。但是，由于听力材料不会再次出现，因此考生一定要在听力过程中过好笔记，记住关键性的句子和词语，为此建议考生平时多做相关听力资料的听取和笔记练习。

托福写作素材之成功的企业

After working with dozens of small companies, I discovered that the successful ones share some common traits. Here, then, are the 14 qualities I've witnessed in many of the thriving small businesses I've worked with:

Company culture. Culture is defined as the “integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief and behavior that depends upon man's capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations.” For successful companies, culture is about attracting and hiring the people who would be most successful in that specific organization. And it's about driving the behavior that makes the company successful.

Customer service. Simply defined, customer service means taking care of your customers. Many companies integrate customer service into their business culture through training and the design (and frequent redesign) of relevant business processes. In most cases, the business plan dictates how they will provide quality customer service.

Business strategy. A complex strategy or business plan isn't necessary to achieve success. A simple one-page document will do, but it should be well thought out and well executed. A poorly crafted business plan that's well executed is far superior to the well-crafted business plan that sits on the shelf collecting dust. A good business plan defines and drives the activities and behaviors of the entire organization. Without it, the business becomes a ship without a rudder; it simply can't be steered and ends up going around in circles. A sound strategy should include a financial plan, marketing differentiators, and product strategy as well as a plan for employee retention.

Training. Because we live in a world of continuous change, it's more important than ever to implement a culture of continuous learning. For many successful owners, continual investment in training is a major contributor to success. For training to be successful, however, there must be a direct link back to the business plan and an understanding of how training supports the successful implementation of the business strategy.

重点表达摘抄：

share some common traits ：有共同点

attracting and hiring the people who：吸引并雇佣X.X样的人

taking care of your customers:伺候好顾客

integrate s/th into：把X.X融入到X.X

be well thought out and well executed：经过深思熟虑然后执行的

poorly crafted business plan ：没有被精细制作的商业计划

is far superior to ：前者比后者高级的

well-crafted business plan ：精细制作的商业计划

sits on the shelf collecting dust：搁置起来 (比喻形同虚设的政策等)

drives the activities and behaviors of the entire organization：

驱动整个组织的活动和行为

a ship without a rudder：没有舵的船

product strategy :产品策略

employee retention：员工保有率

in a world of continuous change：在不停变换的世界里

implement a culture of continuous learning：实施一个不断学习的文化

is a major contributor to success：X.X是一个成功的重要因素

重要句子：

It simply can't be steered and ends up going around in circles.

无法驾驶并原地打转。

适用的题目：

For any business to be successful, one must spend a lot of money on advertising.

托福写作素材之打工的好处

What Are the Benefits of Part-Time Jobs for Students?

Taking on a part-time job while pursuing a degree is hard work, but the benefits are typically greater than the amount of a paycheck. Students who work during their college careers may have better time-management skills than their counterparts. They must understand responsibility and apply it to their daily lives. They earn money that can be used for fun or for tuition, while gaining experience in the workplace that will be attractive to future employers after graduation.

Money

Simply put, students who hold down part-time jobs will have more money than they would have otherwise. As they come into adulthood, earning an income can boost their confidence and allow them to have some fun within the limits of their paychecks. Some students need to work through school to afford tuition. Others will set the money aside to pay back student loans. Still, the money will be theirs to spend as they wish, and they may appreciate it more because they worked for it.

Budgeting

Students earning their own money get lessons on spending wisely. They may be less likely to spend their hard-earned money frivolously and learn to delay gratification to pay for necessities, such as text books and rent. At the same time, they can save for non-essential purchases, such as a car.

Time Management

Students taking on a job on top of their studies will have less free time than non-working students. When working students have to measure out their time, they tend to be better planners as they make sure they complete every task expected of them on deadline. They learn to weigh their priorities, sometimes skipping fun activities to finish their responsibilities. This prepares them for life after school when excuses and tardy work will be frowned upon.

Experience

Often, students work jobs that introduce them to their preferred career after school is over. This allows them to gain important introductory experience in the business and begin networking with those in that field. Even students who work in places not connected to their majors will look more impressive to potential employers. They'll have some kind of work experience on their resumes to start, and the fact that they've been able to hold a job while a school attests to their level of maturity, responsibility and time management. Employers look for employees who understand the work environment and work well as part of a team. Having a part-time job shows that the student is at least somewhat accustomed to the professional world, which will make the transition that much easier.

重点词汇和搭配摘抄：

经典词汇：

time-management skills ：时间管理技能

counterparts：对等的人或物

potential employers ：潜在的雇主

non-working students：不工作的学生

动词搭配：

gaining experience ：获得经验

boost their confidence ：增加自信

allow them to have some fun ：给他们

set the money aside ： 存一些钱

pay back student loans ：还学生贷款

to delay gratification ：推迟快感

weigh their priorities ：权衡一下重要的事情

be frowned upon： 被看不起，不被赞同

gain important introductory experience ：获得重要的入门的经验

attests to their level of maturity, responsibility and time management ：

证明的了他们的成熟度、责任和时间管理的水平

make the transition ：过渡

is at least somewhat accustomed to： 至少在某种程度上习惯于

重要句子：

Students who hold down part-time jobs will have more money than they would have otherwise.

学生做兼职工作会比不做兼职工作有更多钱。

Citation：

//work.chron.com/benefits-parttime-jobs-students-9248.html

适用题目：

-05-13

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? One of the ways that parents can help children be ready for adult life to ask them to do a part-time job.

篇17：托福独立和综合写作有什么区别

托福独立和综合写作有什么区别?不同题型要求及备考安排讲解

托福写作两道试题写作要求整理

托福写作包括两道试题，分别是综合写作试题部分和独立写作试题部分，两个部分需在大约50分钟的时间内完成。

综合写作试题部分

考生需要首先阅读一篇学术文章，阅读的时间是3分钟左右。然后文章隐去，这时考生需要听一段大约为1分半钟的演讲。但是考生在写作文时可以看到在放听力材料时隐去的阅读材料。考生在阅读和听录音的过程中可以做笔记来帮助答题。考生有20分钟的时间来总结听力材料中的要点，并解释这些要点与阅读材料中的要点有何关系。作文内容是根据考试所提出的问题而定的，不能由考生自由发挥。，需要考生根据自己的知识和经验陈述、解释并支持对待某一问题的某个看法。

独立写作试题部分

考生需30分钟的时间完成这一部分写作，要求考生根据自己的知识和经验陈述、解释并支持对某一问题的看法。考生可以自由选择材料、形式和观点等，不受题目的严格限制。本试题属于主观性题目。

托福写作备考划重点

1. 扩大词汇量

考生需要加强对词汇的整体掌握，主要包括熟悉单词的拼写、发音、词性变化和搭配用法。能够做到熟练进行单词的中英文切换。

2. 加强英文语法知识的掌握

考生需要熟练掌握英文写作中常用的时态、语态、语气和句式。能够较熟练的运用语法知识写出通顺的语句。

3. 熟悉文章结构思路

熟悉英美文章的文章结构和英美作者的写作思路。做到可以按照英美作者的逻辑观点写出较合理的议论性文章。

4. 熟悉托福写作考试特点

针对新托福写作部分的要求完成命题作文。

5. 提高快速阅读能力

做到精读和泛读二者相结合。能够迅速了解文章大意;迅速找到关键词、关键句和重要的信息点。

6. 提高精听和泛听的能力

能够迅速扑捉到听力段落的关键词、关键句和重要信息点;能够较完整的听懂文章的主要内容，归纳出文章的主旨大意。

7. 训练实战限时写作能力

练习能够结合读、听、写三项的能力在要求的时间范围内完成规定字数的命题作文。作文结构符合新托福写作部分的要求。

托福写作模板：大学对体育活动和图书馆的投资

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Universities should give the same amount of money to their students' sports activities as they give to their university libraries. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

托福写作模板范文参考：

I disagree strongly with the idea that the same amount of money should go to university sports activities as to university libraries. Although playing sports is a wonderful way to learn about teamwork, strategy and reaching your goals, it should not be the principal focus of a university education.

Students need the most up-to-date library facilities available to get the best education. Many of those facilities are very expensive to buy and maintain. These include computerized programs and access to Internet research databases that students can use to find information all around the world. If a university is only offering its students resources of a decade ago, it's depriving those students of a tremendous amount of information.

Even the book and magazine budget of universities has gone up tremendously in the last decade. More is being published on every subject, and every university wants to have this information available to its students.

It also costs money for universities to keep their libraries open. Students need to have access to all the libraries research tools as much of the time as possible. Because students are young and can stay up all night studying, many universities are starting to leave their libraries open all night during exam periods. This costs money, because the staff has to be paid extra to be there. It also costs money to run the building (electricity, heat) during that time.

Students at universities are only going to benefit from their education if they can get to all the tools they need to learn. Sports are secondary to the resources that students need from university libraries. For this reason, libraries should always be better funded than sports activities.

托福写作语料库积累：关于教育

托福写作语料库

一个国家教育如何提高：

课程设置要突出实用性，这样可以增加学生毕业后的就业机会。

重点词汇、短语：practical，get X.X.X ready for

I would say that the courses offered in universities should be more practical, specifically, they should get students ready for future jobs and increase students' future job opportunities.

决策者应该想办法降低高等教育的成本，现在高等教育太贵了比如生活费、书费和学费太高。

重点词汇、词组：make it accessible to ，cost of living, textbooks and skyrocketing tuitions

I would say the decision makers should figure out a way to reduce the cost tertiary education and make it accessible to everyone. Currently, our universities and colleges are super expensive, the cost of living, textbooks and skyrocketing tuitions, all these combined makes it hard for lots of brilliant kids to receive higher education.

让大学生更加自由的选择专业, 现在高考成绩一般的学生没有机会学习比较火的专业如经济金融，政府应该让学生更加自由的选择专业而不应该用高考分数限定学生的选择。

重点词汇、词组：not be motivated to 没有动力做某事， be into 非常喜欢，be given to chance to do s/th, be based on 基于

Personally, I think government should make it easier for student to choose their majors. Currently, it is very hard, if not impossible for lots of average students to choose popular majors like economics, finance and accounting, cuz you have to get a really high score in college entrance exam. As known to all, one might not be motivated to do something unless he or she is really into that, students should be given to chance to choose majors they are interested in and it shouldn't be based on exam scores, thus they will better employ their creativity and imagination and be more likely to be successful in college.

教育的功能、目标the purpose of education：

传授知识、培养实用性技术impart knowledge and cultivate practical skills, provides students with the tools and skills

句子：

The utmost purpose of education is to impart knowledge and cultivate practical skills so that the students can be successful in their future career, like to become physicians, pilots, professors, architects, even engineers.

Tertiary education(高等教育) provides students with the tools and skills that are essential for them to be successful in their future career.

培养道德情操、求实精神：develop morality and values to live a good life and build up character to seek the truth

句子：

大学教育的另外一个功能是培养学生的道德情操、正确的价值观、树立人格、求真等良好品质，这些品质对一个人的未来的职业是至关重要的。

Another important function of university is to develop morality and cultivate values to live a decent life and help the students to build up character, and to seek the truth, and I think these qualities are very important to have in order to be a mature person.

帮助学生吸收知识、协助成长： the exploration of knowledge, to help students grow, to make men complete, explore our utmost ability, constant simulation, makes us understand things better

句子：

重点词汇、词组：noble cause光荣的使命，lead X.X.X on the path of, well-rounded全面的, constant simulation 不断的刺激

高等教育是个光荣使命，在知识的道路上引导学生、帮助学生成为更加健全的人。人生就是一个不断学习的过程，大学让我们追求卓越、更好的洞察世事。

The noble cause of higher education is to lead students on the path of the exploration of knowledge, and help them to grow in to a more well rounded and compete person. You know, human beings need constant simulation to grow or it will die, university helps us to explore our utmost ability and makes us understand things better.

人人都应该给机会接受高等教育

句子：

重点词组：people from all walks of life, prestigious, be accessible/available to anyone, fairness, social status, underprivileged 弱势群体，climb up social ladder

大学教育应该人人平等，孔子说有教无类;如果只有富人有接受高等教育的机会，那么社会的不公平现象将会变得更加严重，弱势群体通往社会上层的通道就会被阻碍。

I would say that higher education should be available to people from all walks of life, as prestigious Chinese philosopher Confucius said: education should be received by anyone no matter what their social status are. Suppose higher education is available only to the rich, then only the rich will be likely to succeed and then the underprivileged will never get a chance to climb up the social ladder, that is not fair.

托福写作语料库积累：关于饮食

托福写作语料库

健康饮食的重要性 ：

鼓励健康饮食习惯：encourage healthy eating habits ,

保持体形：keep fit,

集中注意力：concentrate/focus on; 容易分散注意力：get easily distracted

营养：nutrient, 特定的维生素：certain vitamins;

油腻的垃圾食品不含孩子成长所需的必要维生素，这样孩子无法在学习中集中注意力,因此学校应该鼓励健康饮食。

Greasy junk food lacks certain vitamins for the healthy development of the children, and students without sufficient healthy food might suffer from lack of concentration on their study and they get easily distracted, thus school should encourage healthy eating habit.

垃圾食品：junk food, French fries, hamburgers;

高热量：with high carbs, 油腻：greasy;

儿童肥胖：child obesity;

摄入过多的高热量垃圾食品会导致儿童肥胖。

It is really important for the school to encourage healthy eating habits, and junk food like French fries and hamburgers alike should be banned in schools. Too much junk food with high carbs leads to childhood obesity.

健康食品 ：

海鲜类： salmon， tuna, shrimp

水果类：fruits such as berries, apples, cherries, pineapple, oranges, frozen grapes, watermelon, cantaloupe,

蔬菜类：Vegetables - broccoli, carrots, cherry tomatoes, potatoes and sweet potatoes

高蛋白质低热量：high in protein low carbs

非常好的结合：a wonderful combination

学校应该提供蔬菜和水果等低热量高维生素的食品。

School should offer students a variety of healthy food and snack ranging from vegetables to different kinds of fruit. Like broccoli, carrots, cherry tomatoes, and apples, cherries, pineapple are also good choices. They are low in carbs, and vitamin rich.

通过适当的教育学生会做出更好的饮食决策：

Hopefully, with proper education, students can make appropriate eating choices.

既然学生可以摄取合理的营养，他们会更加集中注意力也会保持好的体形。

Since students are getting the proper nutrients, they will concentrate better on their study and also they will be more fit.

篇18：托福独立写作写作素材和语言方面注意事项讲解

托福独立写作如何避免无话可说?

关于素材，也就是文章中写点什么内容，很多考生最头疼的就是无话可说。新托福写作考察的话题包括教育、就业、个人成功、社会、家庭、环境、媒体、旅游、科技等。话题种类繁多，考生想要做到有话可写，就需要在平时多做素材的积累，比如每天看两个话题的范文，搜集出文章中的论点、论据，并用中文或者key words记录下来，形成自己的素材库，考前翻阅一下。即便是出现新题，考生也不用担心，因为平时积累的素材多了，思路就宽了，总能带来一些启发。

篇19：托福独立写作审题技巧实例讲解

正确审题是写好一篇作文的基础，也永远是考生备考写作是急需解决的首要问题。造成审题出问题的原因有哪些?单词不认识、题目中限定词、特殊词没注意都是引起偏题、跑题的主要原因。

坦白来说，在新托福写作中，要想在题目中碰到不认识的单词，还真不是一件容易的事，因为新托福议论文的题目、话题或者说用词大都是“接地气”的，不会用一些高深的生僻词来出题，考生大可放心。当然，对于基础真的特别弱、词汇量匮乏的考生来说，这一点还是需要去重视的。那么，怎么解决这个问题呢?小编的建议是千万不要盲目去背各个话题的词汇，而是要有针对性地只背题目中应该会出现的词汇。到这儿，可能有同学会提出异议了，你怎么知道哪些词会在题目中出现、哪些词不会出现呢?这里需要指出的是，所有的海外考试都有一个共同的特点叫题库制，这个特点也催生了一个名词叫“机经”，即机考的经验。考生只需要去研究出题的规律即可大致知道每一场考试可能会考察的范围。当然，机经的重要性和神奇性不值得大肆宣扬，因为这个纯粹是概率学和运气的问题。回到问题的根本，怎样才能避免单词不认识，非常简单，既然考试的题是重复用的，那么考生只需要去总结近几年中国大陆和北美考过的真题，把这些题目过一遍就可以了，不认识的单词查一下背一下，都认识的话就不用花更多的时间了(注意这里考生只需要看题看单词，暂时还不用想这个题怎么写)。这样下来，首先就能保证考试中不会碰到没见过的单词。

审题除了单词还有哪些问题?

另外，小编也经常发现题目中的单词全都认识，但是考生还是写偏题的情况。分析下来了解到，根本问题还是出在看题不仔细，题目中的关键信息、限定词汇没有重视。例如：

In today's world,the ability to cooperate well with others is more important than before.Do you agree or disagree?

这个题目中的核心词汇包括cooperate以及than before。很多学生在行文过程中，都忽略了对before这个词的解读。全文都在谈如今合作有多么重要，而没有与过去为什么合作不那么重要进行对比。

再如:The car has had greater effect to society than the airplane has to.Do you agree or disagree?

以下对一位同学所写的段落进行分析：

First and foremost,there are more alternatives to cars. Automobile is a kind of short-distance transportation,which is used mostly in daily life but also cause some problem like traffic congestion.Therefore,in order to solve the serious traffic problem,the government implements a gamut of proposals,encouraging people to take other transportations,to name a few,railway,bus and subway.Subway,for specific example,was quickly accepted by the public and spectacularly convenient.Intensively developing in recent decades,the subway attracts more people attributes to its cheap price and,especially,punctuality.To compared,individuals should pay the cost of gasoline,parking and maintenance for their private cars,which is more expensive than a two dollars’ subway ticket.Also,another perk of subway is that passengers will never be saddle with the problem of traffic congestion because subway always has its own lane.As a result,more and more people have the tendency to choose subway over privet cars.On the contrary,as the only long-distance transportation,air-plane,as a monopoly in the sky,does not have any alternative recently and has a wider improving spectrum in the future.

大家可以看到，除了很多语言错误外，全段大篇幅在对subway进行描述，然而题目是需要考生将car和airplane进行对比。所以，写得再怎么多，都是不得分的，而因为这个问题失分，确实是特别可惜，又让人百思不得其解的。因此，小编建议大家拿到一个题目，先问自己一个问题，这个题目的话题词是什么?有没有对比信息?有没有限定词?并带着这些问题开始写作，这样才能避免写得多写得顺畅但是不得分的尴尬。

托福考试作文独立写作范文：了解跟你观点相反的人更重要

托福写作真题题目：

A/D: It is more important to read and watch news presented by people whose opinion is different from your own view than by people whose opinion are similar to yours.

写作参考一:

With the increasingly diverse means of acquiring information, it has become a common phenonmen that we are exposed to conflicting ideas about a single event, which has aroused deep social concern. A growing boday of average people are wondering whether it is more important to read and watch news presented by people whose opinion is different from your own view than by people whose opinion are similar to yours. From my pesepective, it is advisable to be a good listener to the different viewpoints.

Firstlly, receiving news presented by people with dissenting perspective can help people have access to the comprehensive information and get closer to the truth of the events. As is common sense, every single event or piece of news is not as simple as we expect. So it is an indisputable fact that nobody can have a panoramic view of the truth of the incidents due to the limited experience and knowledge span. In this case, gaining news from our opponents will definitely deliver a brandnew perspective and make us have a second thought of our own viewpoint. In other words, the clashes of different views will temper and refine our opinion about the events, with the result that a whole picture is formed. On the contrary, just selectively listening to the similar ideas, people will become narrow-minded.

Besides that, another potential benefit of obtaining news from those with opposite view is the higher likelihood to make acquaitance with more people. As is known to all, the way person responds to someone whose opinion differs drastically from theirs reveals their true character. To be specific, being tolerant of different voices about one thing reflects that a person is endowed with the quality of inclusiveness and humbility, which can make him/her leave a good impression on others. Consequently, no one, including those from opposing party, will refuse to become friends with humble and inclusive ones. Instead, those solely accepting same opinion are usually self-centered and arrogant so that they not consider others’ thought or feeling but impose their own opinion. Thus it is unlikely that they will build friendship with those with different ideas. Even worse, the alreadly established friendship may also end, once the disagreements occur.

In a nutshell, it is sensible for people to read or watch news from people with dissenting perspective, in order to gain the whole picture of the news and enlarge the social network.

写作参考二:

8月27日托福独立写作范文二：With advent of new technological gadgets, like laptop, tablet and smart phones, people now have access to all sorts of news sources. In face of the overwhelming news sources, some people tend to watch news that present similar ideas with them, while other prefer to watch news with different perspectives and ideas. I, personally, think it is far better to watch news with distinctive opinions and viewpoints based on the following reasons.

First off, news from various sources are biased and it is quite irrational to read or watch news from a single source, actually it makes better sense to be exposed to news that provide different kinds of ideas. Even though it is very essential for news media to be fair and unbiased, nonetheless, in reality, most of the news media are biased and prejudiced. Part of the reasons is that the news sources can be various, like the government, independent institutions or even think tanks. Lots of media or news agencies use phrases like “expert believes”, “most people agree” or “observes argue that”, all of which are pretty much biased since “most people” is a slippery word. The people might not represent the majority of the people and lack of diversity in terms of race, gender and other demographic factors.

Additionally, being exposed to news with distinctive opinions and ideas can help people to develop critical thinking skills and thus have a fair and more justified stance on certain issues. People varying in past life experience, education background and economic conditions tend to have totally different opinions on certain issues. Having access to different ideas can broaden people's horizons and enrich one's experience. For instance, I took it for granted that every child at an appropriate age has the chance to go to primary school until I watched a documentary about the elementary school enrolment in the poverty-stricken region in my country. Their family can barely feed them and the local government has little educational resource to provide them proper education. This documentary totally changed my perspective on the primary school enrolment in hinterland.

In all, exposure to news with different perspectives has lot of benefits since news sources are generally biased, and by watching news with different opinions we can have a much more fair and clear view. (Words：381, By Meng, Yan WECHAT: KICKASSTOEFL)

托福考试作文独立写作范文：你的工作要比你的社交生活对幸福影响更大

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:

Your job has a greater effect on one’s overall happiness than your social life does.

209月24日托福独立写作真题

Your job has more effects on happiness than your social life does.

题目大意： 你的工作要比你的社交生活对幸福影响更大。此题目涉及到抽象词“幸福”，可能小伙伴们会觉得有些难度，如果大家了解马斯洛的需求层次理论的话，本题目并不难，波波建议大家选择，两者对于幸福有同样的作用，因为工作满足了我们的物质需求，而社交生活满足了我们的社交需求。

写作参考一:

There is no denying that happiness originates in the acts of meeting people's various needs. Nowadays some people claim that happiness is more affected by the job they owned than their social life. This is a popular misunderstanding. As far as I am concerned, social life and jobs have the equal role in making people feel happy, because they can respectively satisfy people's different needs.

On the one hand, a decent and well-paid job can provide us with a large amount of money, which could fulfill our material needs and improve our living standards. For example, with adequate financial resources we can live in a spacious and well-decorated house with six bedrooms and eight restrooms. We can travel around the world and visit the Forbidden City inChina, the Liberty Statue inAmericaand the Big Ben inBritain. In addition, such a good deal of money enables us to keep fit by having nutritious diet and mineral water transferred from the water source. Meanwhile, we can hire a personal doctor around the clock in case of any emergence of disease. We do not have to wait for a long time by standing in the long and crowed lines of patients in hospitals. All these things will definitely make us feel happy.

On the other hand, the important role of social life in helping us attain happiness can not be ignored. Confucius, one of the greatest philosophers and educators inChina, once remarked that it is a pleasant thing to meet with a friend from afar, which indicates that friendship is another source of happiness. Participation in social activities will enlarge our social circle and make us make acquaintance with more people. For example, if you are a bookworm, you can take part in readers' association where you will encounter a lot people who share a common interest. Chatting and talking with them will help form a deep friendship and make you have a better mood. The reason underlying the above example is that your need of communicating with others is met by participating in social life.

In conclusion, since happiness depends on the fulfillment of one's need, social life and jobs combines together to make us happy. It is an exaggeration to say that your job has more effects on happiness than your social life.

写作参考二:

People tend to have different expectations out of a job, like personal satisfaction, higher pay, respect, and social recognition. Some people are so dedicated to their jobs that they barely have something fun life, while others tend to seek happiness outside of their professional life. Personally, I think my job has a greater impact on my overall happiness than my social life based on the following reasons.

First off, for professionals, especially newly minted college graduates, a job can provide them a great sense of satisfaction. When holding a job, one feels that he or she assumes great responsibility and has something offer back to the community regardless of ones’ positions, be it cashier, janitor, professor or even business managers. For instance, an Executive Officer can help to create jobs that benefit lots of people; chefs can create a new dish and release his creativity, at the same time customers will be amazed by his new dish; a professor gets a great sense of accomplishment when he imparts knowledge to his students or comes up a groundbreaking finding in a certain academic field. Though the happiness and satisfaction can be subtle in a working environment, nonetheless, it can be very contagious and eventually makes someone a satisfied person in life.

Additionally, holding a job can offer someone monetary incentive and it can also be an important source of motivation and happiness. Without a decent salary one cannot afford the daily necessities like paying rent, covering living expense, like utility bills, internet bills, to say nothing about living a comfortable life. A recent study on the correlation between monetary compensation and employee satisfactions published by Harvard Business Review suggests that higher financial reward affords great happiness in a working environment. Indeed, the monetary reward from the job can make someone very happy and give them a sense of achievement. With the salary, a young adult can have some disposable income and thus be more financially independent, buy things they like or take a trip somewhere.

In conclusion, a job can provide more happiness than one’s social life since career opportunities provide people a great sense of satisfaction and the monetary incentive associated with jobs can also be an important source of motivation and happiness.

篇20：托福独立写作写作素材和语言方面注意事项讲解

接下来是托福写作中的语言问题。其实托福写作中对语言并不是特别重视，因为虽然新托福是语言考试，但是在写作这一块，考官并不太在意考生使用的词汇有多高难度、句式有多复杂，这就是新托福写作和雅思写作的差异。美国人在意的是你写出来的文章能不能让他看明白，逻辑通不通。当然，虽然不要求语言的复杂性，语言的多样性还是有要求的。词汇上来说，要注意不重复用词，那么考生平时需要积累常用的替换词。句型来说，更为简单，因为英文中的句式也就那么多种，考生只需要把每一种句子的形式整理一下，考试时有意识地安排进文章即可。语言这一块对于英语功底还可以的学生来说绝对是没有问题的。

关于托福独立写作中素材和语言的一些备考经验就为大家分享到这里，如果你也有类似本文中考生的担心忧虑，那就不妨参考一下上述内容，相信会找到一些启发和灵感。

托福考试作文范例：企业的目标是赚取利润

托福考试作文题目：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Businesses should do anything they can to make a profit. Use specific reasons and examples to support your position.

托福考试作文参考：

任何企业团体作为社会的组成部分，有责任考虑到整个社会的利益，所以不能为所欲为，强调法制的必要性。

托福考试作文范文：

Nowadays, merchants tend to strive for remaining in existence by all means due to the extensive competition and burdensome pressures. However, I am always amazed when I hear that it is necessary for businessman to do anything possible to make a profit. It may be as highly laudable and exemplary a thing as it is held to be by those who are addicted to money.

Apparently, I strongly object to it due to various factors that weigh heavily against the notion. The foremost reason is that merchants would be rewarded by nothing but distrust and even hatred from the customers if they hardly care about anything but money. It is widely known that nothing can be compared with the good reputation of a company, which attracts more upright and loyal customers. Suppose we are facing the dilemma of which brand of shampoo to purchase. It is of no surprise if you decide to take the one produced by P&G or other reputable large companies. As a result, what assures the buyers most is the credit of the service suppliers?

Another subtle explanation for my point of view rests on the fact that various appalling results would in some cases, be caused by the immoral and even illegal businesses. It is decent to make profits and receive the repayment of diligent work and continuous efforts. Nevertheless, producing unqualified or even deleterious commodities, which possibly lead to detriments of people's health or security, is never the sensible method to operate a company. What impressed me most is the tragedy happened several months ago in some part of China. Hundreds of infants died because of the nonnutritive milk powders produced by some merchantmen without ethics. Therefore, it is never too rigid to denounce the immoral and irresponsible behavior. The third point I would like to mention is that the merchants themselves would not be reassured to enjoy the property acquired in improper ways.

In most cases, it is the essential satisfaction of benefiting the public, rather than the material items, which inspires people profoundly. What a pleasant thing it would be to receive repayment of your diligent work and continuous efforts! On the contrary, few people would go into rapture even if they possess a mass of wealth earned through indecent ways. Thus, only by obeying commercial disciplines could a businessman obtain supreme success and maximum pleasure.

Taking into all the reasons above into account, it is barely too arbitrary to conclude that only by descent and good Intentioned business activities could a company achieve respectable and decent success

托福考试作文范例：不同类型电影的价值判断

托福考试作文题目：

Some movies are serious, designed to make the audience think. Other movies are designed primarily to amuse and entertain. Which type of movie do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

托福考试作文参考分析：

分两个段落讨论两种电影，说明这两种电影都有他们的价值，都值得观赏。最后一段说在不同的心情下，有着不同的选择。

托福考试作文范文：

It makes me sensitively to think of Hollywood place where movies were first made before World War I. In those days, Hollywood movie was like a magnet, drawing ambitious young men and women from all over the world.

Up till now, there is nothing that can substitute the position of movies that is the most efficient way to relax us. I prefer movies designed to make the audience think. As far as I know, most movies are supposed to be made from the source material that mirrors a part of the social events. That means there is another methods to force us to think about what we have done for our country, what is our responsibility in the society and so on. In fact what kind of information we need can be gain from different media including television, the Internet, radio, newspapers, especially from some movies.

Tracing back to my childhood, I like watching the first work directed by Alfred Hitchcock, Rebecca. So young though I was, it did make me sunk into contemplation. Not only did the plot make me a little confused, but also it really told me the truth that whoever is right or wrong, no one can live in the shadowy place and everyone must live his or her own live, enjoy the sunshine belonging to their own.

A movie worthy thinking about should conquer everything, including one's heart, which never fade with time going by, even be possible to change our lives. Here I cannot help siding with the other view; however it does not mean that we should totally ignore it, this is not a matter of making an “either-or” judgment. What we want to clarify here is what is primary and what is secondary.

If permits, a movie primarily designed to make audience think add some amusement and entertainment, just like tasting a cup of cappuccino.

篇21：托福综合写作和独立写作异同

托福综合写作和独立写作异同

新托福作文，其实是分为两个部分的，一个部分是综合作文，一个部分是独立作文。

这两个部分所面临的问题是不同的。

综合作文顾名思义，重点在于考察一个人阅读和听力能力相结合，这里考察的重点不再侧重于写作能力本身，写作只是一个载体，是展示你阅读和听力能力的一个载体。因此，写作固然重要，但是更重要的是把阅读和听力两个基础性的问题解决，只有这两个问题解决之后，我们才能谈作文本身的问题。因此，如果一个人的综合作文分数不高，第一个想的问题，应该是自己的阅读和听力的分数，而不是作文分数本身。

而独立作文侧重于考察写作本身的能力，这里已经排除掉了阅读和听力的干扰。当然，你也可以说，作文题目也考查了阅读的能力，可是，您老人家如果题目都读不懂的话，阅读基本上也希望不大了。但是在这里也必须澄清一个误区，也许是因为GRE作文的影响，当然也有可能是因为中国传统教育体系的影响，总是想追求最好的回答方式。因此很多人都是在讨论，到底是3段支持好一点，还是2段支持1段中立，抑或是2段支持1段反对更好一点。其实这样的问题，在GRE考试之中讨论一下还有意义，但是在托福考试中进行讨论，是完全没有意义的。

因为托福考试，看的是你驾驭语言的能力，换句话说，也就是看你是否能清晰准确的把话说清楚，而根本不注重你思维的严密程度。因此这样的问题，其实就像是一个直立的鸡蛋，到底是为什么而倒下，是因为桌子动，是因为风吹动，还是因为重心本身就不稳，这重要么?这根本就不重要，反正鸡蛋还是倒了。

但是在这里面，还必须点出，我们对于托福作文认识的一个很大的误区，托福作文并不是说，单词拼写正确，语法没有错误，就是好作文了。优秀的，或者说满分的托福作文不仅要能做到用词准确，而且还必须做到，用词多样，用词准确，句式多样，词能传神之功效。

举点例子。

第一、用词多样，一句很短的话。so they need a good way to have a good rest，里面就出现了2个good，这就是用词不够多样，这里如果能把第一个good改为best，这里就不会出现用词重复的问题了。

第二、用词准确， and connect with other partners，这里最后一个单词用partners固然无可厚非，但是如果用co-这个词根加上worker造出了coworker，一同工作的人，显然更为贴切。

第三、句式多样，中国学生一直是很习惯的就写出3种句子，一是简单句，二是宾语从句，三是定语从句。但是英语之中常出现的非谓语动词和短暂停顿，确实常常缺失，这也就是为什么要特地对中国学生强调句式多样。

第四、词能传神。No, you taught me to navigate people’s minds but after what happened。navigate一词用的极为到位，如果考友们自己写的话，很有可能也就用个affect或者manipulate之流的词汇，但是远不及navigate“驾驭，驾驶”来得形象。navigate更巧调出“被人操纵”之意，此词画面感极强!

托福独立写作提速效技巧

1、先列提纲再写正文

大家可能会觉得奇怪，本来写作时间就不太够用了，还要花心思去列个提纲，时间岂不是更紧张?事实并非如此。有句话说得好，工欲善其事必先利其器。对于一篇作文来说，拥有明确的提纲才是关键所在。特别是独立写作这样讲究论述逻辑和文章结构的作文题材，没有提纲很容易导致跑题情况的发生，很多同学时间不够用其实就是因为没有明确的大纲写到哪里算哪里，所以才会在不知不觉间浪费掉太多时间。考虑到独立写作其实对文章结构的要求是比较简单的，大家只需要简单写出自己的观点，然后列出2-3个分论点就可以算是列好提纲了。这并不需要花费考生很多时间，却能让大家对之后的文章结构和展开有更为明确的目标和思路，对于提升考生写作速度是大有好处的，也能够更好地保证文章质量，既能提速又能提分。

2、限时训练提前适应

光学会列提纲还不够，考生还需要通过实际动笔来训练自己的写作速度。很多光靠看范文背素材无法发现的问题，考生在实际写作的过程中才会体现出来，比如拼写错误语法错误等等，这些问题一般练习时是很难看出来的，但在限时压力之下往往立即就会显现出来。而为了适应考场上的时间压力，大家在备考中提前开始限时训练也是大有好处的。考生如果能尽早适应30分钟写完文章的时限要求，到了考试中自然就有充足把握应对独立写作，也不会再被时间问题所困扰了。

3、先写头尾后写中间

这个技巧是针对独立写作文体要求比较有效的一种技巧。写作时间不够用的考生最容易遇到的就是结尾来不及写或是匆匆写完的情况。这种会导致文章结构不完整的情况都会造成较多扣分。为了避免在时间限制下出现写不完结尾的情况，小编建议大家在写作中可以尝试先写完开头结尾，然后再填充中间段的方式。这样做既能保证文章的完整性，对于中间段的论述也比较好把握。考生如果觉得时间较多，那么中间段可以写得丰富一些，如果时间紧张，那么中间段只要把分论点写完，具体论述适当缩水一些问题也不会太大。总而言之，这种写作方式可以让大家把写作的主动权控制在自己手里，而不会因为时间限制而手忙脚乱了。

想拿托福写作满分有多难?

综合写作评分标准

1.内容的完整性和准确性。简单地说就是文章是否有将讲座中的关键信息点完整、准确地提取出来(通常情况下有三点)，并和阅读材料中的相关内容有效地一一对应。

2.文章的组织机构，词汇和语法的正确性和准确性。

独立写作评分标准

(1)有效回应题目，阐明文章主题。

(2).逻辑条理清楚，论证充分展开。

(3)内容连贯一致，衔接自然流畅。

(4)遣词造句地道，语言驾驭娴熟。

这就是托福写作(综合写作和独立写作)两部分的评分标准，根据多年考试培训和教学经验总结，我认为考生在托福写作考试中常见的问题有以下几点：

一.逻辑匮乏

连贯地把一个观点言之成理地表达出来，是完成任何写作任务的第一要务，在英文写作中尤其要注意两点，第一不要被辞藻的华美和句式的复杂绕进去了，英文应该以几个关键词为骨架，再以此为基础进行增删修饰，所以不要文过饰非让自己的表达片段化;第二尤其要注意平行论点之间是否有重叠、交叉的地方，同时要注意事实，结果和基准之间是否处在一条直线上，是否在逻辑上具有一致性。

二.论据意识不强

托福写作评分标准当中对于“事实和论据”有着明确的要求，“口水话”是任何应试型写作的大忌。论据的积累事实上也应该成为重要一环，多积累可以信手拈来的材料;而事实论据也是大有文章可做的，最可靠的是数字，对数字的敏感度的培养应该从小开始，不能成为短板;其次是概括性的事实;最后要强调的是具体事例，此处必须明确的一点是具体事例写作绝对不等同把个人经历做成流水账，而是要加以概括。

三.遣词造句不地道

托福的阅卷人不知道看过多少篇以 “with the development of society”(随着社会的发展)开头的作文，这种毫无个人创建的模板化也只能保证一个更加平庸的分数。其次玩弄大词不用小词，不区分书面语和口语，都是由于平时不阅读，不积累所造成的。

四.冗余现象严重

如果我们试着把一段中文翻译成英文，再把这段译文和典范的英文进行对比，就可以发现大多数人的翻译都要比典范英文长一截。这恰恰是写作刚刚入门，又无法达到精通程度的学生最容易遇到的问题。英文写作的原则应该是“less is more”，写得精炼远远好于长篇大论，如若英文写作要从中低端迈入高端，这背后需要调动介词，比如“otherwise”这种介词，80%的学生都不会用，或者害怕用;此外把从句以合成词的方式的呈现出来，用上data-driven这样的结构，此处不一一赘述。

如何善用模仿提高托福写作?

平时我们要学会收集一些好的例句，去学习模仿它，不是照抄，而是模仿。如果照着原句抄下来是没有用的，考试的时候会被扣分。托福写作分数的提高善用模仿。

首先，很多所谓的权威书籍并非权威，里面的八分范文并非八分。曾拿过国内一本“赫赫有名”的书给国外的老师看。他们看后纷纷摇头，说不知所云。这种文章尚且可以蒙骗语言经验尚浅的学生，却不可以蒙骗考官。学生即使背得滚瓜烂熟，也不过是背一篇不及格的文章而已。

其次，即使范文够上了级别，学生是不是完全背下来了，背得恰当与否又是不得而知。有的学生背了片言只语，然后融合自己写的一堆病句错句，分数不理想就开始怀疑考官是否打击模仿范文的考生。又或者，考生死记硬背，看到题目类似就誉写上去，而没有考虑到题目修改所带来的变化(本书会具体解释)，试问一篇文不对题的文章如何得六分?

再者，重申一句，语言都是模仿而来，包括考官本人的英文知识也是日积月累地模仿而来。对一件事情的描述其实大同小异，因此如果描述得当，文字上有雷同并不奇怪。考官不会期待着你对一件事物有前无古人，后无来者的叙述;反之，他只会接受外国人所遵循的一种普通的，常见的叙述方法。换言之，如果你的描写接近英文的一般模式，你就会得高分。再简单一点说，你抄得越象，越容易得高分。永远记住一句话：所有的托福考试都是将合格的学生

考出来，而不是将不合格的考生考出去。

【实用经验】托福独立写作文章结构布局高分思路讲解

托福独立写作总分总结构很LOW吗?

说到托福写作的结构，曾有考生问过ETS官方，说中国语文的作文是总分总的结构，托福还是这么写会不会太低端了啊?官方给出的回答是，总分总的篇章安排不叫低端(low)，而叫经典(classic)。我们都说一个写作题目没有标准答案的范文，但是有一个东西可以说是形成了不成文的规定的，那就是一篇好的作文一定是有头有尾、中间细分几段论证的，这一点可以从很多官方给出的范文或是学生的高分文章中得到证实。

托福独立写作到底应该写4段还是5段?

另外，很多考生还存在疑问的一点在于到底一篇文章是写四段还是五段，在小编看来，两种结构各有利弊所在。一般写4段式的同学都是因为主体段只能想出两条理由，实在是想不出第三条理由，只能以1+2+1的结构完成文章。大家都知道一般来说要想拿到不错的分数，一篇新托福议论文需要写到400字左右，那么，如果主体段只写两段，势必需要考生在这两个段落的论证细节上写出更多的内容，否则字数撑不到那么多，而这一点对于很多考生来说恰恰也是很有难度的。相反地，如果写成5段式，貌似就需要考生能想出3条理由进行论证，但事实是，很多考生根本想不到3点理由，能想出2点已经是绞尽脑汁了。在这种情况下，怎么做才是最简易、最轻松的应对办法呢?

小编比较建议大家写5段式的文章，但主体段并不是上文所说的3个理由段，而是采用2+1的模式，即两个理由段，再加一个让步段。关于理由段的写法，将在下文详细分析，在此先重点解释一下让步段到底是什么意思。“让步”字面意思是退一步，那么放到我们作文里，意思就是承认一下反方的观点。西方的文章不太喜欢作者全篇一味强调自己观点的正确性，而是需要作者能适当回应并评价一下反方的观点，这样的文章看起来会更加有说服力。当然，广大考生需要注意的是，小编这里提到的“承认反方观点”指的是“弱弱地承认”，承认过后必须再削弱回去或者说再驳斥回去，只有这样才能更强调出本文观点的准确性，否则读者看起来会有confusion， 也就是为什么一会儿支持自己的观点，一会儿又支持反方观点

托福独立写作合理结构分配建议

总结一下，笔者推荐的新托福议论文结构为1+3(2+1)+1的模式。第一段总起全文，导入话题并给出本人观点，主体段前两段为理由段，想出两条理由论证正方观点，主体段第三段为让步段，先承认反方观点的合理之处，再削弱此观点，最后一段为总结段，重申本人观点，再做适当的展望。

以上就是关于托福独立写作文章结构的一些介绍和思路分享，希望大家能够在了解本文内容的基础上调整好自己的作文结构，顺利拿到高分好成绩。

篇22：托福独立写作话题拆分技巧实例讲解

我们来看下面的例子：

The Internet provides people with a lot of valuable information.

这道题目中有三个名词。第一个名词是the Internet，我们可以将它拆分为局域网(Local Area Network, LAN)、广域网(Wide Area Network, WAN)和城域网(Metropolitan Area Network, MAN)，那么文章的三段分别强调局域网、广域网和城域网给人们提供大量有价值的信息。

第二个名词是people，我们可以将它拆分为学生、商人、老人;因此，文章可以具体写网络为这三类人群提供大量有价值的信息。

第三个名词是information，我们可以将它拆分为不同种类的信息，如新闻、教育信息、生活信息和娱乐信息等;因此文章可以针对网络为人们提供上述任意三方面有价值的信息而展开。

我们再来看一个例子：

The movies and television programs made in your own country are more interesting than those made in foreign countries.

我们需要思考的问题是：哪些国外的电影和电视节目(movies and television programs)可以引起我们的兴趣呢?这些电影和电视节目可能涉及历史和自然景点(historical and scenic spots)、传统和风俗(tradition and customs)、奇闻和传说(anecdotes and legends)或者是宗教信仰(religious beliefs)等——因此，全文可以从上述任意三个方面展开。

有些考生会尝试着拆分foreign countries. 他们将foreign counties拆分为美国、英国和印度：美国的电影和电视节目更多彰显美国文化大熔炉的特征(cultural melting pot);英国的电影和电视节目更多表现了“日不落帝国”(the empire on which the Sun never sets)的“光辉岁月”(splendid moment);印度的电影和电视节目更多体现了千年的历史积淀(historical sediments)——这也是一种可行的拆分方法。

通过上述这种拆分技巧，大家就能更为快速地找出陌生冷门话题的论述方向和展开空间，提高审题效率避免跑题了。

托福考试作文范例：改变学校

托福考试作文范文：

If you could make one important change in a school that you attended, what change would you make? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.

托福考试作文参考分析：

(1)提高效率;

(2)促进学生学习;

(3)更好的老师和学生的交流。

托福考试作文范文：

Talking of making an important change in my school, I'd like to suggest that our education system put more emphasis on the development of learning skills and applications of theories into practice instead of simply learning knowledge from books. The proposal is based on the reasons as follows.

For one thing, overemphasis on academic learning poses a threat because of confusing the purpose of learning. As school credit is usually considered the major criteria of academic learning, in a credit-driven school, one may try hard to learn simply for learning's sake. In other words, college students tend to blindly cram their brains with numerous texts and formulas while do not have a clear idea of what they really want to learn, why they need to learn, not to mention how the things they are learning are useful to the reality. An example is way that common ESL students learn English: they may spend several years in reciting grammar rules, but can hardly utter an English word in front of a foreigner.

Another reason that causes me to make the suggestion is the requirement of today's ever-changing knowledge economy time. With the increasingly accelerated pace of information explosion, one can hardly depend on knowledge from books that he or she has learned at school. Mastering learning skills and knowing how to apply the skills into practice are becoming indispensable than ever before. A recent survey conducted by educator shows that most students in our country lack the ability of using tools and solving problems compared with their counterparts in the United States. This informs us to take a serious look at our book-knowledge based education pattern.

In sum, it's high time for us to give a touch on our education pattern concerning the narrowness of book knowledge learning as well as the necessity of practical learning required by the contemporary world.

托福考试作文范例：技术发展有助于学生学习

托福考试作文题目：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? With the help of technology, students nowadays can learn more information and learn it more quickly. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

托福考试作文参考分析：

(1)不能完全同意的要靠其他的因素来佐证，比如，毅力。

(2)同意的观点需要说明在技术的帮助下，学生能够可以学习到更多的信息，并且学得更快。例如互联网的出现，使学生在写报告的时候可以查到更多的资料;学生能够与教师更好的沟通，从而提高学习。教师上课用计算机演示，一目了然;另外，学生能够不受时间的限制获得更多的信息。

托福考试作文范文：

“With the help of technology，students nowadays can learn more information and learn it more quickly.”I agree with this statement. Technology has helped a student cross national boundaries, open up new view sand increase the speed at which he imbibes information.

New technology in the form of Internet has helped breach the limitations of a country's frontiers. A student sitting in a small town of India can access the latest course material released by MIT on his topic of interest. He can gain access to the latest info that his happening in physics and thus improve his existing warehouse of knowledge. He can browse through the previous papers in physics and dwell deeper and deeper in his specialized study. And how long does this all take? A click of a mouse. Compare this with searching through the mazes of his small hometown library, only to find some outdated articles and consuming a great part of his daily activity.

Technology has helped open up many new avenues that previously were considered impossible. Take for example the simple LCD projectors. They give a visual feel of the subject that the student is studying helping him to learn not only quickly but also effectively. Or for that matter of videoconferencing. A student can ask questions and clear his lingering doubts when he interacts with a professor considered as the authority in his field.

An overlooked aspect of technology is the transportation. With rapid advances in transportation, a student in Japan does not think twice before signing up for a program in the US. Would this have been possible 100 years back? Certainly not.

In concluding I would like to say that technology has played a major role not only in increasing the speed at which students learn but also in bringing a radical change in the way they learn it.

篇23：托福独立写作常见话题拓展思路讲解

托福独立写作常见话题拓展思路讲解 个人类主题写法指点

托福独立写作个人类话题分析

从个人individual的角度讲，托福独立写作可能会向我们提问以下4个方面。第一个是campus life就是学校的生活学校的教育; 第二个leisure life就是在课下课外我们休闲娱乐方式; 第三个就是social life我们交朋友和自己的家人沟通;以及最后还有，当我们长大了成人还会遇到professional life.而根据数据统计，托福考试每年的独立写作话题中，有60%左右的话题都是在针对个人而言的，因此个人类话题需要大家重点准备。

个人类话题实例讲解

campus life考最多的是选课，该不该学基础经济学，该不该学历史，该不该让孩子添加field trip就是外出活动，这些都是经常会考的选课类的题目。还有问孩子该不该在课外的时候有leisure life,比如宠物类话题：说宠物是教会责任感的最好办法，说宠物可以教给孩子很多道理;再比如运动，运动教会生活道理，问你同不同意。另外还有传媒类话题：媒体对青少年是利大于弊、还是弊大于利，以及看电影该看什么样的电影，这些都属于在校内和校外的生活，其实语料要准备起来是很相似的。

social life交友类内容，比方说聪明的朋友和有趣的朋友你选哪一个。再比方说三选一题目：选朋友，三个朋友里头你挑哪个;是旅行交友好还是参加运动队好，还是参加社区劳动好;三选一的交友题都是在谈论的是 social life(sociallize) 。和家人的关系方面就会问：是不是应该让兄弟姐妹来带小孩，还是应该让父母来带小孩。这都是和别人在沟通在互动。这样相关语料你会发现，不必相似。

在四个生活类题目中professional life比重会大一些。这是关于工作，成功、品质。比方说“一个领导最重要的品质就是沟通能力”，或是“领导到底是应该做决定很迅猛还是应该有耐心的想想再说”，这些都是关于人的important value;和工作方式相关的也有，选择两个计划哪个好，是务实的好还是挑战的好;做事的方式是应该一下子把事情都做，还是分开了慢慢做。像这些都是成人之后进入工作之后，你在处理问题的时候要思考的。

所以大家在进行语料分析的时候，四种生活其实就是校园的、校外的、娱乐和家人相关的。这些都是平时on a daily basis每天都去输入的语料。每天不求多，每天十个，慢慢背，背下来两个月后你再写文章，感觉就不一样，这是语料它的神奇之处。

托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析：spend time on school studies or playing

托福写作难点话题一览

Should young children spend most of their time on school studies or playing?

Some people think that children should begin their formal education at a very early age and should spend most of their time on school studies. Others believe that young children should spend most of their time playing. Compare these two views. Which view do you agree with? Why?

写作思路展开结构分析

两种观点都有些极端。先比较两种观点，然后选择一个折衷的立场。早上学的好处和坏处：好处是很多提前上学的孩子显得聪明，对付学习显得游刃有余(be more than equal to a task; accomplish a task with ease)。完成formal education的时候比别人年轻，有更多的选择余地。坏处是，经常挨欺负(be bullied; be treated rough)。早熟(precocious)，可能会有副作用(negative effects)。晚上学的好处和坏处：实际上并不吃亏;学习好坏不见得一定跟上学早晚有必然的联系(positive connection)。坏处是，家长如果引导不好，不利于智力发育(development of child's intelligence)。立场：不见得一定要尽早上学;孩子确实应该多花一些时间去玩。但是应该正确引导，因为玩也分为好多种，玩棋牌游戏显然比玩泥巴(play with mud)要有益得多。

本话题高分范文赏析

Some people believe that it is important for children to begin their education at a very early age, and spend most of their time on academic studies. Others believe that children should spend their time playing instead of studying. To understand the logic behind these two views, we must compare their advantages and disadvantages. If a child spends all of his/her time studying, he/she will advance quickly in school. He/she will learn things early in life that other children, who spent their time playing, will not learn until they are at least a few years older. This child will learn the value of education early on, and will be able to impress his/her parents with his/her knowledge, therefore gaining self-confidence and motivation. If a child spends most of his time playing, he/she will not learn about mathematics and science, but he/she will learn another important skill: socialization. When children spend their time playing together, they learn how to interact with others. They learn how to share things, and how to settle a disagreement amicably. Children can also increase their motor skills if they spend their time playing games that involve hand-eye coordination. Both of these perspectives have valid points. However, I think it is best to try and combine playing with learning. If children can learn about the basics of academics in a fun and playful environment, they are likely to become more interested in it. A very young child has no interest in studying, and I believe that adults must allow children to have fun. Otherwise, the children will grow up to be uncaring, antisocial adults. This does not mean, however, that education is not important. I feel that there is a right time to introduce studying and academia to children, and this time is not when they are very young. It is better to wait until the children are at least five or six year old before trying to get them to study.

托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析：things young people can teach older people

托福写作难点话题一览

Is there anything that young people can teach older people?

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? There is nothing that young people can teach older people. Use specific reasons and examples to support your position.

写作思路展开结构分析

不能同意。nothing是一个绝对修饰词。确实，大多数情况下，年龄大一些的人有更多的经验，年轻人要向他们学习。然而，年龄大不一定等于懂得多。有很多时候哪怕很小的孩子也可以教我们很多东西。因此这个题目选择不同意会比较容易展开。

本话题高分范文赏析

It has been a common conception that young people have nothing of value to teach their elders I firmly disagree with this statement, and posit that in fact, the opposite is true. Young people have a plethora of information to teach old people. One of the advantages of being young is having a different perspective on life than one's seniors. Young people have not been influenced by nearly as many people as an old person, and therefore, their thoughts and ideas are more their own. An older person can learn from these new ideas, and once again, see the world with the freshness and fascination of a young person. Also, young people tend to embark on all of their projects with a kind of intensity and perseverance. This quality can sometimes be lost as one gets older. After spending time with a young person, an old person tends to gain back some of this vitality. For example, I have seen many older people who did not live their lives to the fullest. However, with the addition of a grand-daughter or a grandson, they regained much of their youthfulness. In my opinion, this was fully due to their seeing the vitality in the young, and learning from it. Finally, young people tend to enjoy experimenting when they are working on a project. Older people are usually set in their ways, and will continue doing a chore one way, even if it is not the best way. Young people can offer insight into new methods of doing even the simplest tasks and often will think up new systems that do not occur to the elderly. In conclusion, I think older people can learn much from the future generations. Of course, this is not to say that young people cannot learn from their elders. The educational process does not only work one way through generation gaps.

托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析：required to study art and music

托福写作难点话题一览

Should all students be required to study art and music in secondary school?

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? All students should be required to study art and music in secondary school. Use specific reasons to support your answer.

写作思路展开结构分析

尽管All是绝对修饰词，不过要注意，是secondary school(中学)。所以，不妨同意。因为仍然处于义务教育 (compulsory education)阶段。学习音乐艺术也是一种很好的休息，对所有的人都有好处。而且学科之间是相通的(interrelated; interlinked)，审美观念( aesthetic standards)的塑造对每个人、每种职业都很重要。另外这样也可以提高国民整体的文化素质 (审美方法 aesthetic approach; 审美观念 aesthetic standards; 审美教育 aesthetic education; 审美模式 aesthetic model; 审美能力 aesthetic judgment; 审美学 aesthetics; 审美意识 aesthetic consciousness)

本话题高分范文赏析

The authorities at secondary schools must make very important decisions regarding what will be considered to be the required curriculum for their students. I believe that art and music should be part of this required curriculum. Studying art and music makes a person more diverse and thoughtful. When one studies art and music, one is exposed to many different cultures and points of view. It allows the audience to perceive the world through a different set of eyes. It is also an excellent way to spark interest in other cultures and diverse ways of life. This promotes understanding and tolerance of others. It is also a porthole to peer into areas of many cultures, including one's own, that one would not readily have access to. This includes everything from social life to metaphysics to philosophy, etc. Furthermore, these subjects give the students an outlet for expressing their turbulent emotions during puberty.Art and music are also an excellent way to express emotions. In ancient times, many a troubled man turned to brush work or Chinese classical music to work out difficulties with life. Students of today's modern world have similar issues with life, and need an outlet to express these. Art and music, in any form, can assist one in dealing with personal issues. In addition, viewing art and listening to music are excellent ways to relax. When I am stressed because of life, one of my favorite activities is painting while listening to my preferred music. I find this activity to be very soothing and calming. Looking at works of art can have a similar effect, and when one understands the philosophy behind the work, it is that much more beneficial.Therefore, I believe that studying art and music in secondary school can be nothing but beneficial for the students. I would encourage all school districts to make these subjects part of their required curriculums.

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