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GRE阅读搞定长难句只需3个步骤

时间：2022-12-18 20:03:37 其他范文收藏本文下载本文

GRE阅读搞定长难句只需3个步骤（精选6篇）由网友“无味春风”投稿提供，这里给大家推荐分享一些GRE阅读搞定长难句只需3个步骤，供大家参考。

GRE阅读搞定长难句只需3个步骤

篇1：GRE阅读搞定长难句只需3个步骤

GRE阅读搞定长难句只需3个步骤分析思路值得一学

新GRE阅读长难句例题

Islamic law is a phenomenon so different from all other forms of law---notwithstanding, of course, a considerable and inevitable number of coincidences with one or the other of them as far as subject matter and positive enactment are concerned---that its study is indispensable in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomena。

新GRE阅读长难句解析

初步读完这句话我们发现这个句子的难句类型是：复杂修饰+插入语+抽象词，其中插入语是理解这个句子的关键。

(1)Islamic law (2)is a (3)phenomenon (4)so different from all other forms of law---notwithstanding, of course,(5)(it has) (6)a considerable and inevitable number of coincidences with one or the other of them /(7)as far as subject matter and positive enactment are concerned/---(8)that its study is indispensable (9)in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomena。

对句子标记后我们可以逐一分析各个成分：

Step1：找主谓

1. 不难发现整个句子的主语就是Islamic law，即伊斯兰法

2. is为整个句子的谓语

3. phenomenon作为整个句子的宾语

从1、2、3我们可以分析出：

1+2+3=句子的主干：伊斯兰的法律是一个法律现象：Islamic law is a phenomenon

Step2：分析句子中的插入语

4. 我们需要注意的是notwithstanding这个词，句子中的插入语之所以比较难懂的主要一个原因在于对notwithstanding的理解，notwithstanding作为介词，相当于in spite of(不管，不顾，尽管)，这对于大多数考生来说是陌生的。

5. 这里加上省略的it has使得句子更加清楚易懂

6. 这一部分是对主语Islamic law的解释说明，即“伊斯兰法与其他的某些法律存在着大量的和必然的一致之处。

7. as far as表示“至于，就.。.而言”

8. 整句话中贯穿了so...that句型

9. in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomena。这句话中包含一个倒装，正常语序的appreciate the full range of possible legal phenomena adequately中的副词adequately被提到appreciate的宾语之前。

Step3：对整句话有个大概的中文翻译的印象

译文：

伊斯兰法是一个与其他所有形式的法律都如此之不同的法律现象---尽管，当然，/从其涉及的内容和实际实施的角度来看/，伊斯兰法与其他的某些法律存在着大量的和必然的一致之处---以至于对于它的研究是不可缺少的，这样才能充分地理解所有可能的法律现象的全部范围。

新GRE阅读长难句结

从分析结果来看插入语的内容对理解文章基本没有什么作用，其实这句话中的插入语根本不用读，也可以根据插入语前后的内容猜出其意思：插入语前后的内容是伊斯兰法与其他法律不同，插入部分以notwithstanding开头，又有of course，可见插入部分一定是让步语气，因此可以对前后的内容取非，猜出插入部分一定是在说伊斯兰法与其他法律有相同之处。所以，如果遇到很长的插入语最好跳过，看懂前后的内容再回头来看插入语。

以上就是通过实例进行的新GRE阅读长难句分析步骤详解,希望大家也能从中学到一些经验和方法，加以运用到平时的练习和考试中，取得满意的成绩。

GRE阅读练习每日一篇

(The article from which the passage was taken appeared in 1982.)

Theorists are divided concerning the origin of the Moon. Some hypothesize that the Moon was formed in the same way as were the planets in the inner solar system (Mercury, Venus, Mars, and Earth)—from planet-forming materials in the presolar nebula. But, unlike the cores of the inner planets, the Moon’s core contains little or no iron, while the typical planet-forming materials were quite rich in iron. Other theorists propose that the Moon was ripped out of the Earth’s rocky mantle by the Earth’s collision with another large celestial body after much of the Earth’s iron fell to its core. One problem with the collision hypothesis is the question of how a satellite formed in this way could have settled into the nearly circular orbit that the Moon has today. Fortunately, the collision hypothesis is testable. If it is true, the mantlerocks of the Moon and the Earth should be the same geochemically.

17. The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A) present two hypotheses concerning the origin of the Moon

(B) discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the collision hypothesis concerning the origin of the Moon

(D) argue that the Moon could not have been formed out of the typical planet-forming materials of the presolar nebula

(E) describe one reason why the Moon’s geochemical makeup should resemble that of the Earth

18. According to the passage, Mars and the Earth are similar in which of the following ways?

I. Their satellites were formed by collisions with other celestial bodies.

II. Their cores contain iron.

III. They were formed from the presolar nebula.

(A) III only

(B) I and II only

(D) II and III only

(E) I, II, and III

19. The author implies that a nearly circular orbit is unlikely for a satellite that

(A) circles one of the inner planets

(B) is deficient in iron

(D) was formed by a collision between two celestial bodies

(E) was formed out of the planet-forming materials in the presolar nebula

20. Which of the following, if true, would be most likely to make it difficult to verify the collision hypothesis in the manner suggested by the author?

(A) The Moon’s core and mantlerock are almost inactive geologically.

(B) The mantlerock of the Earth has changed in composition since the formation of the Moon, while the mantlerock of the Moon has remained chemically inert.

(C) Much of the Earth’s iron fell to the Earth’s core long before the formation of the Moon, after which the Earth’s mantlerock remained unchanged.

(D) Certain of the Earth’s elements, such as platinum, gold, and iridium, followed iron to the Earth’s core.

(E) The mantlerock of the Moon contains elements such as platinum, gold, and iridium.

Surprisingly enough, modern historians have rarely interested themselves in the history of the American South in the period before the South began to become self-consciously and distinctively “Southern”—the decades after 1815. Consequently, the cultural history of Britain’s North American empire in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries has been written almost as if the Southern colonies had never existed. The American culture that emerged during the Colonial and Revolutionary eras has been depicted as having been simply an extension of New England Puritan culture. However, Professor Davis has recently argued that the South stood apart from the rest of American society during this early period, following its own unique pattern of cultural development. The case for Southern distinctiveness rests upon two related premises: first, that the cultural similarities among the five Southern colonies were far more impressive than the differences, and second, that what made those colonies alike also made them different from the other colonies. The first, for which Davis offers an enormous amount of evidence, can be accepted without major reservations; the second is far more problematic.

What makes the second premise problematic is the use of the Puritan colonies as a basis for comparison. Quite properly, Davis decries the excessive influence ascribed by historians to the Puritans in the formation of American culture. Yet Davis inadvertently adds weight to such ascriptions by using the Puritans as the standard against which to assess the achievements and contributions of Southern colonials. Throughout, Davis focuses on the important, and undeniable, differences between the Southern and Puritan colonies in motives for and patterns of early settlement, in attitudes toward nature and Native Americans, and in the degree of receptivity to metropolitan cultural influences.

However, recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects of early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan, such as the strong religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of New England as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut. Thus, what in contrast to the Puritan colonies appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern—acquisitiveness, a strong interest in politics and the law, and a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models—was not only more typically English than the cultural patterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut, but also almost certainly characteristic of most other early modern British colonies from Barbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire. Within the larger framework of American colonial life, then, not the Southern but the Puritan colonies appear to have been distinctive, and even they seem to have been rapidly assimilating to the dominant cultural patterns by the late Colonial period.

21. The author is primarily concerned with

(A) refuting a claim about the influence of Puritan culture on the early American South

(B) refuting a thesis about the distinctiveness of the culture of the early American South

(C) refuting the two premises that underlie Davis’ discussion of the culture of the American South in the period before 1815

(D) challenging the hypothesis that early American culture was homogeneous in nature

(E) challenging the contention that the American South made greater contributions to early American culture than Puritan New England did

22. The passage implies that the attitudes toward Native Americans that prevailed in the Southern colonies

(A) were in conflict with the cosmopolitan outlook of the South

(B) derived from Southerners’ strong interest in the law

(D) differed from those that prevailed in the Puritan colonies

(E) developed as a response to attitudes that prevailed in Massachusetts and Connecticut

23. According to the author, the depiction of American culture during the Colonial and Revolutionary eras as an extension of New England Puritan culture reflects the

(A) fact that historians have overestimated the importance of the Puritans in the development of American culture

(B) fact that early American culture was deeply influenced by the strong religious orientation of the colonists

(C) failure to recognize important and undeniable cultural differences between New Hampshire and Rhode Island on the one hand and the Southern colonies on the other

(D) extent to which Massachusetts and Connecticut served as cultural models for the other American colonies

(E) extent to which colonial America resisted assimilating cultural patterns that were typically English

24. The author of the passage is in agreement with which of the following elements of Davis’ book?

I. Davis’ claim that acquisitiveness was a characteristic unique to the South during the Colonial period

II. Davis’ argument that there were significant differences between Puritan and Southern culture during the Colonial period

III. Davis’ thesis that the Southern colonies shared a common culture

(A) I only

(B) II only

(D) I and II only

(E) II and III only

25. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would find Davis’ second premise (lines 18-20) more plausible if it were true that

(A) Puritan culture had displayed the tendency characteristic of the South to cultivate metropolitan cultural models

(B) Puritan culture had been dominant in all the non-Southern colonies during the seventeenth and eighteen centuries

(D) the various cultural patterns of the Southern colonies had more closely resembled each other

(E) the cultural patterns characteristic of most early modern British colonies had also been characteristic of the Puritan colonies

26. The passage suggests that by the late Colonial period the tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models was a cultural pattern that was

(A) dying out as Puritan influence began to grow

(B) self-consciously and distinctively Southern

(D) more characteristic of the Southern colonies than of England

(E) beginning to spread to Rhode Island and New Hampshire

27. Which of the following statements could most logically follow the last sentence of the passage?

(A) Thus, had more attention been paid to the evidence, Davis would not have been tempted to argue that the culture of the South diverged greatly from Puritan culture in the seventeenth century.

(B) Thus, convergence, not divergence, seems to have characterized the cultural development of the American colonies in the eighteenth century.

(C) Thus, without the cultural diversity represented by the America South, the culture of colonial America would certainly have been homogeneous in nature.

(D) Thus, the contribution of Southern colonials to American culture was certainly overshadowed by that of the Puritans.

(E) Thus, the culture of America during the Colonial period was far more sensitive to outside influences than historians are accustomed to acknowledge.

答案：17-27：ADDBBDAEBCB

GRE阅读搞定长难句只需3个步骤

篇2：GRE阅读搞定长难句

新GRE阅读长难句解析

初步读完这句话我们发现这个句子的难句类型是：复杂修饰+插入语+抽象词，其中插入语是理解这个句子的关键。

对句子标记后我们可以逐一分析各个成分：

Step1：找主谓

1. 不难发现整个句子的主语就是Islamic law，即伊斯兰法

2. is为整个句子的谓语

3. phenomenon作为整个句子的宾语

从1、2、3我们可以分析出：

1+2+3=句子的主干：伊斯兰的法律是一个法律现象：Islamic law is a phenomenon

Step2：分析句子中的插入语

5. 这里加上省略的it has使得句子更加清楚易懂

6. 这一部分是对主语Islamic law的解释说明，即“伊斯兰法与其他的某些法律存在着大量的和必然的一致之处。

7. as far as表示“至于，就.。.而言”

8. 整句话中贯穿了so...that句型

Step3：对整句话有个大概的中文翻译的印象

译文：

篇3：GRE阅读搞定长难句

GRE阅读：The Color Purple

The publication of The Color Purple transformed Alice Walker from an indu- bitably serious black writer whose fiction belonged to a tradition of gritty, if occasionally “magical,” realism into a popular novelist, with all the perquisites and drawbacks attendant on that position. Unlike either The Third Life of Grange Copland (1970) or Meridian (1976), The Color Purple gained imme- diate and widespread public acceptance, winning both the Pulitzer Prize and the American Book Award for 1982-83. At the same time, however, it generated immediate and widespread critical unease over what appeared to be manifest flaws in its composition. Robert Towers, writing in the New York Review of Books, concluded that on the evidence of The Color Purple “Alice Walker still has a lot to learn about plotting and structuring what is clearly intended to be a realistic novel.” His opinion was shared by many reviewers, who pointed out variously that in the last third of the book the narrator-protagonist Celie and her friends are propelled toward a fairytale happy ending with more velocity than credibility; that the letters from Nettie, with their disconcertingly literate depictions of life in an African village, intrude into the middle of the main action with little apparent motivation or warrant; and that the device of the letters to God is especially unrealistic inasmuch as it foregoes the concretizing details that traditionally have given the epistolatory form its peculiar verisimilitude: the secret writing-place, the cache, the ruses to enable posting letters, and especially the letters received in return.

GRE阅读如何猜生词

新GRE阅读篇章由多个论点组成，论点由作为论据的句子构成，句子本身的典型构成是前后句由表示论证关系的词汇连接，而体现论证的意义的单词最重要。因此，要真懂得文章，就必须把所有那些表现论证的字、词、句抓出。但是面对浩如烟海的GRE词汇，我们如何才能做到准确的去把握词义，把握文章的主要内容呢?

首先要说的是，在阅读教学的研究当中，语言学家们发现，一篇文章中不认识的单词占全文词汇总量的比例只要控制在8%以内，是绝对不会影响到我们对全文任何观点的理解的。基于这一点，我们大家大可不必因为遇到了几个我们完全没见过的奇形怪状的单词而感到头痛和挣扎。因为它们不足以对我们理解文章产生影响。

但同时，我们在阅读文章的过程中也常常会碰到这样的一种单词，那就是专有名词，尤其是涉及全文主题的专有名词，难道我们就必须一一认识它?答案显然是否定的。什么叫做认识专有名词?从英到汉的翻译叫做认识?还是知道专有名词的特征叫做认识?读者请想想看，我们在阅读理解中有没有遇到过这样的问题提法：What is sedge root? 我想没有，因为这种问法是在问专有名词的翻译。我们遇到的更多是这样的一些问法：According to the passage, which of the following statements about sedge root is true? What can be inferred from the passage about sedge root? 这些问题的提法却是在问专有名词的文中阐述特征。我们再从文章本身对这个问题做出进一步的分析。

假设原文有这样一句话：Sedge root, a woody fiber that can be easily separated into strands, is essential to basketry production. 请问sedge root的中文翻译“莎草的根” 能够帮助我们解决阅读理解题目吗?我想很难!真正能够帮助我们解决阅读理解题目的应该是这样的文字a woody fiber (木制纤维)和定语从句中的文字部分can be easily separated into strands (能够轻易地被分割成线)。通过以上的分析，想必大家已经非常清楚地认识到，过去我们拼命去死记硬背专有名词的中文释义是多么愚蠢的行为。因为真正的认识应该是对特征的认识，所以一个专有名词和他的中文释义对我们来说是没有任何意义的，毕竟我们对它们都没有任何的概念。

最后很多人都说我们可以从上下文中猜出单词的释义，难道真的是这样么? 笔者认为从上下文中猜出单词的释义是不现实的。例如有这样一句话“Supernova is a massive star which undergoes gravitational collapse.” 我们是不可能从上下文中猜出supernova的释义“超新星”的。而我们真正能够做到的只是从上下文中猜出单词的特征：supernova是巨大的恒星(massive star)，它在进行引力收缩(undergoes gravitational collapse)。于是以后当我们遇到不认识的单词，我们可以再也不用停下来思考单词的释义，也不用费尽思量地去猜所谓的单词的释义，我们需要做的只是静下心来在后面找到单词在文章当中传达的特征就可以.

英语阅读

篇4：做好GRE长阅读先搞定长难句

【备考提分】做好GRE长阅读先搞定长难句 4个步骤解决难句困扰

1.总结题干

一句话只看一遍，充分利用自己的语法知识，时刻把握句子主干，修饰成分要毫无感觉得快速浏览(这里的“毫无感觉”不是略读，而是不希望过多的修饰成分或插入成分影响对句子主干的理解，这四个字需要自己体会)。

2. 标记重点

做标记除了大写字母、时间年代、最高级、转折标志词、因果标志词、列举、让步、强对比以外，还要标记出并列连接词(如and)、分号、冒号、表示作者态度的词(这个比较难，需要自己体会收集)，原因我会在下面的取舍中谈到。我的做标记的小窍门：标记符号不要只用一种(如下划线)，也不要过多，个人感觉最多三种(如括号、圆圈、下划线)，分别标记原因、转折和其他，不过我自己只用下划线和括号。

3. 学会取舍

我以前的标准是：

a)让步分句(如：带although的分句、带it is true的分句、带do的分句等)一律跳过(但是用括号括起来)，只看后半个分句;

b)such as后的内容一律跳过，也用括号括起来，不过我会数数列举的个数，如果是4个，则必出题，其他个数不用管，出题了再回头看;

c)for example举例只要提炼关键词的首字母就可以了，也要括起来，重点看后面或前面的结论;

d)原因——标志词常为because、since—— 一律跳过，括起来，只看结果。比较容易被忽略的是result in和result from，遇到这两个，我在下面划横线做标记;

e)老观点只把握关键词、知道讲的是什么就行，其他一律跳过;

f)冒号后一律跳过，冒号下做标记。

g)分号后一律跳过，因为表示并列，内容和前面大体一致，分号做标记，出题的话再回来看。

我现在的标准是：上面这些全看，因为速度上来了，但看这些内容时仍然是“毫无感觉”地看，可以不用担心它们会分散注意力了。当这些内容都做标记后，文章结构就非常清楚了，哪儿是举例、哪儿是结论、哪儿是原因、哪儿是转折一目了然，定位非常容易。

4.反复阅读

我的提高阅读速度的不二法门：反复阅读已经读过的文章，5遍左右吧!慢慢地就会产生一种直觉，知道哪里略读哪里重读。

结文之前忽然想起了一点，大家肯定都知道，再提醒一下，每段首句和全文末句一定仔细看。

俞敏洪GRE词汇精选

craving n强烈的愿望

crayon n彩色腊笔、粉笔或其绘画

crease n折缝，皱痕

credence n相信，信任

credible a可信的，可靠的

credit n赊购;信任;电影片头字幕

credulous a轻信的，易信的

creek n小湾，小溪

creep v匍匐前进;悄悄地移动

crescendo n(音乐)渐强，高潮

crest n山顶，浪尖;羽冠

crestfallen a挫败的，失望的

cringe v畏缩;谄媚

cringing n/a谄媚(的)，奉承(的)

criteria n评判标准

criterion n评判的标准，尺度

critic n批评者

critical a挑毛病的;关键的危急的

critique n批评性的分析

croak n蛙鸣声;v发牢骚，抱怨

crochet n钩针织物;v用钩针编织

crockery n陶器，瓦器

cronyism n任人唯亲;对好朋友的偏袒

crook v使弯曲;n钩状物

cross a生气的

crouch v蹲伏，弯腰

crown v加冕，使成王，居…之顶

crucial a决定性的 11

crudity n粗糙，生硬

crumb n饼屑面包屑;碎裂的东西

crumble v弄碎;崩毁

crumple v弄皱;破裂

crusaden维护理想、原则而进行的运动或斗争

crust n硬的表面;面包片;地壳

crutch n拐杖;v支撑

crux n关键，症结所在

cryogenic a低温的，制冷的;低温学的

cryptic a秘密的，神秘的

cub n幼兽;年轻无经验的人

cubicle n大房间中隔出的小室

cue v暗示，提示;n暗示，提示

cuisine n烹饪

culinary a厨房的;烹调的

俞敏洪GRE词汇精选

culmination n顶点;结果

culpable a有罪的，该受谴责的

cult n宗派;崇拜

cultivate v种植;向…讨好

cultivated a耕种的，栽植的;有修养的

cumbersome a笨重的

cumulus n积云

cunning a善于骗人的;灵巧的

cupidity n贪婪

curator n(博物馆等)馆长

curb n路缘，(街道的)镶边石

curdle v使凝结，变稠

curmudgeon n脾气暴躁之人

curriculum n(全部的)课程

cursory a粗略的，草率的

curt a(言词、行为)简略而草率的

curtail v削减，缩短

cushion n坐垫;v缓冲

custodian n管理员，监护人

custody n监管，保管

customary a合乎习俗的

cuticle n表皮

cutlery n(刀、叉、匙等)餐具

cyclical a循环的

cyclone n气旋，飓风

cylinder n圆柱

cynic n犬儒主义者，愤世嫉俗者

cypress n柏树

cytology n生细胞学

dabble v涉足，浅赏

daft a傻的

dagger n短剑，匕首

daguerreotype n(早期)银版照相

dainty n精美食品;a娇美的;挑剔的

dally v闲荡，嬉戏

damp v减弱，制止振动;a潮湿的

damped a减震的，压低(声音)的

dampen v(使)潮湿;使沮丧，泼凉水

dandy n花花公子，好打扮的人

dapper a整洁漂亮的;动作敏捷的

俞敏洪GRE词汇精选

emblematic a作为象征的

embody v(作品等)表达，体现

embolden v鼓励

emboss v加浮雕花纹于，使凸出

embrace v拥抱;包含

embroider v刺绣，修饰

emend v订正，校订

emergency n紧急事件

emigrate v自本国移居他国

eminence n卓越，杰出

eminent a著名的，显著的

emissary n密使;特使

emit v放射(光、热、味等)

emollient n润肤剂

emote v激动地表达感情

empathy n心意相通，(感情等)融为一体

emphatic a重视的，强调的

empirical a经验的，实证的

empiricism n经验主义

empower v授权给某人采取行动

empyreal a天空的

emulate v努力赶上或超越

emulsify v使乳化

enact v制定(法律);扮演(角色)

enamel n珐琅，瓷釉

enamored a珍爱的，喜爱的

encapsulate v装入胶囊;压缩

enchant v使迷醉;施魔法于

enclosure n圈地，围占

encomiast n赞美者

encomium n赞颂，颂辞

encompass v包围，围绕

encounter v遭遇

encroach v侵占，蚕食

encumber v妨害，阻碍

encyclopedia n百科全书

endearing a讨人喜欢的

endemic a地方性的

endorse v背书;赞同

endow v资助，捐助

endure v忍受，忍耐

enduring a持续的

enervate v使虚弱，使无力

篇5：托福阅读零基础考生如何搞定长难句

托福阅读零基础考生如何搞定长难句?这两招你不可不学

托福阅读搞定长难句技巧：找到语法突破点

例句：Only when it has been chewed up and digested almost to a liquid can the food pass through the rumen and on through the gut.(只有食物被嚼碎并消化为液态，食物才能穿过反刍胃到达肚子。)

有效理解语法本质，便于我们从战略上确定句子是否会成为考点以及我们的理解重点。在这句例句中。含有倒装结构，在强调“when it has been chewed up and digested almost to liquid”这一动物消化的必需条件，使整个句子理解的重点。

托福阅读搞定长难句技巧：学会精简长句

例句：On rare occasion when a fine piece of sculpture was desired， Americans turned to foreign sculptors， as in the 1770’s when the cities of New York and Charleston， South Carolina， commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of William Pitt. (在零星的某些需要精美雕塑品的时候，美国人会转而求助外国雕刻艺术家，比如在1770年纽约市和南卡罗来纳的查理斯顿市就委托了英国人J.W.制作了掌权者William Pitt的大理石雕像。)

在在这样的例句中，如果对其逐字逐句的翻译，肯定会耽误了不少时间，同时也未必能找到重点。但是，我们只要都能找到文章中的重点部分，提炼句子主干，就能快速立即其意。其大意也就是：美国人请外国雕刻艺术家帮忙。

托福阅读背景之“会飞的家具”

Imagine a future where your furniture flies, reacting and responding to your everyday needs. You could have an almost-sentient desk that jets off when it feels you’re over-working, or a remote control that floats over when you think you’ve lost it.

想象一下，未来你的家具会飞，还能满足与回应日常需求。当你工作过量时，智能书桌会自动飞离;当你以为遥控器丢了，它会自动浮现在你眼前。

In an interactive project dubbed “L’evolved,” Harshit Agrawal and Sang-Won Leigh, two researchers from the MIT Media Lab’s Fluid Interfaces Group, are exploring how to make everyday objects transform into “flying smart agents.”

来自MIT媒介流界面小组的两位研究者哈什特·阿格拉瓦尔与桑王·利，正探究如何让日常用品转变为“会飞的智能物件”。

“We really look at this as a way of making the objects around us kind of speak with us,” Agrawal said. “In the sense that they somehow know what they are doing, so they might prevent you from doing something wrong or light up your path in a dark environment.”

阿格拉瓦尔说：“事实上，我们希望能让身边的物品与自己对话，即物品从某种程度上了解你的需求，因此它们能避免你做出不当举动，或者懂得在黑暗中为你亮起一盏灯。”

So far, their project features drones acting as flying tables that adjust to your height, fly away once you’re done, or auto-eject if you start using the wrong pen on your homework. They also have a lampshade drone that hovers above you, focusing light on where you need it when you’re reading a book in the dark.

到目前为止，这项以智能飞翔为特点的家具计划中，有会飞的桌子能自动适应你的身高，一旦工作完成，它会自动飞离;有当你做作业时拿错了会自动弹开的钢笔;还有悬浮在你身边的灯罩，它会自动在黑暗中为你提供光亮。

To power their flying furniture, the pair used a motion capture system where a camera tracks everything in the room—including the person and the drone, which receives commands from the computer.

为了快速推动飞翔家具，两位研究者使用了动态捕捉技术，让摄像机对房间的每一个角落进行追踪，包括主人和该家具，然后通过电脑接受指令。

“The computer knows where the drone wants to go by tracking where the person is,” explained Leigh. “We are feeding that data from the computer to the drone so that it can move smoothly to the required position.”

利解释道：“电脑通过追踪人的位置，就能知晓飞翔的家具应去往何处。我们将电脑中的数据传输给家具，使其准确移动到指定位置。”

Currently, the duo faces two main challenges: stabilizing the drone, and feeding it a regular power supply (at the moment, it’s connected to a power socket).

如今，两位研究者面临着两大挑战：增强飞翔家具的稳定型，并实现充电功能(现在它们仍依赖电源插座)。

Drones can’t support much weight yet, so the team opted for a paper tabletop. They soon found, however, that if they placed the tabletop directly on top of the drone, it blocked airflow. To solve this problem, they made the distance between the drone base and its paper tabletop greater so it could keep flying.

飞翔家具还无法承受过多的重量，因此研究团队选用了纸质台面。然而他们很快发现，如果直接将台面搁到飞翔家具上，会阻碍飞行。为了解决这个问题，他们加大了飞翔家具底座和纸质台面的距离，以保证它能飞行。

Agrawal said that in the future, they could optimize stability by replacing a hovering desk with one that parks in front of users when they need it, then clears off when the user has finished their task.

阿格拉瓦尔认为，在未来，他们将优化飞翔家具的性能，用飞翔的桌子代替用户面前静态的桌子，当使用者工作完成后，桌子能自动离开。

Ultimately, the researchers are set on enchanting everyday appliances so that they surpass their limitations as static objects, and have a more socially collaborative relationship with their human owners.

最终，研究者将让日常家电也魔力四射，它们将超越传统静态物品的局限，与人类建立更好的协作关系

Vocabulary

sentient: 有感情的;有感觉力的

lampshade: 灯罩

power socket: 电源插座

托福阅读背景知识：站着办公的风险

A new study says that standing up at your desk doesn’t actually decrease your risk of death-by-office, unless you’re physically active otherwise.

新研究表明：除非经常锻炼，否则站着工作也不会降低猝死风险。

After several studies asserted that sitting at work all day is slowly killing us, researchers at the University of Exeter and University College London took another look at the claims. The Washington Post reports:

此前，已有多项研究表明，久坐会慢慢地致人死亡。但埃克塞特大学和伦敦大学学院的几位研究员却从另一角度进行了研究。华盛顿邮报报道：

Researchers tracked 16 years’ worth of health data from 5,132 people in the Whitehall II study cohort. Participants reported their total time sitting and how long they sat during four different situations: at work, watching television, leisure time and non-television leisure time. Researchers also tracked time spent walking daily and on physical activity.

此次研究的调查对象来自白厅二级定群研究，共5132人。研究人员对他们长达的健康数据进行了跟踪。调查对象需汇报他们坐下的总时长，以及在四种不同场合——工作、看电视、业余活动，以及不看电视的业余活动——分别坐下的时长。研究人员还跟踪调查了他们每日步行和运动的时长。

After controlling for a number of factors, including diet and general health, researchers found the overall mortality risk for these participants wasn’t influenced by how long they sat or by the kind of sitting. And the researchers cautioned that too much emphasis on not sitting shouldn’t take the place of promoting physical activity.

研究人员在控制了包括饮食、整体健康在内的许多变量后，发现：调查对象的总死亡率不受久坐时间和坐姿的影响。研究人员告诫称，人们不应过份强调久坐的风险，而忽视强调运动的重要。

What’s particularly interesting about the study, published in the International Journal of Epidemiology, is that researchers didn’t just focus on sitting during the workday, but factored in all kinds of sitting-specific data as well as rates of physical activity. Their conclusion was that “sitting time was not associated with all-cause mortality risk.” Basically, more elements are in play than just whether you’re sitting down at work, and your levels of physical activity are the greatest health indicator.

这项研究发表在《国际流行病学杂志》上。其中特别有趣的是，研究员没有只研究人们在工作时的久坐情况，还考虑到了各种相关数据和运动频率。其结论是“久坐与全因死亡率无关”。总而言之，影响健康的元素很多，不仅仅在于是否在工作时久坐。最能体现健康状况的是锻炼情况。

So what does this all mean? It appears that the act of working while standing up—which has become a trendy thing to do, especially in tech offices—doesn’t help your health, if you’re not actually exercising otherwise. If you never make it to the gym, you might as well just sit down. This is good news for the makers of treadmill desks, however.

所以这到底意味着什么?现在流行站着办公，科技公司尤为突出。但是如果不锻炼，站着工作也似乎没什么用;如果永远都不去健身，还不如就坐着呢。这对跑步机办公桌的生产商来说，可是个好消息。

The last office where I worked jumped on the standing desk trend hard, installing desks that could be raised for all workers. They also had a treadmill desk, and a bike desk. While the option to stand is certainly nice as a change in the middle of a monotonous workday, this research suggests it’s not the cure-all that adherents would like to claim.

我之前工作的地方勉强跟上了站立式办公桌的潮流，装上了可随意调节高度的桌子。此外，还有一张跑步机办公桌和一张自行车办公桌。当然，在乏味的工作之余能站着工作也是个不错的选择，但研究表明，站着工作并不是所谓的万灵丹。

“Our study overturns current thinking on the health risks of sitting and indicates that the problem lies in the absence of movement rather than the time spent sitting itself,” study author Melvyn Hillsdon of the University of Exeter said in a statement. “Any stationary posture where energy expenditure is low may be detrimental to health, be it sitting or standing.”

“我们的研究推翻了当下人们对久坐危害的认知，并指出危害健康的原因在于缺乏锻炼，而不是久坐，”来自埃克塞特大学的研究作者梅尔文·希尔斯顿在一份声明中说道。“身体静止不动，能量消耗就低，从而危害健康，不管是坐着还是站着都一样。”

The takeaway here is companies that truly want to assist worker health should invest money in options like free exercise classes and gym reimbursements. They should encourage employees to go outside and actually walk around, not simply stand up at their computers. And maybe it means that everyone who insists that standing up is the only way to work can climb down off their high desk.

这表明，真正关心员工健康的公司应该把钱花在购买免费运动课程和报销健身费用上。公司应鼓励员工走出办公室，四处走走，而不是只在电脑前站着工作。或许这意味着那些坚信“站着是唯一解决办法”的人终于能从高高的桌子上爬下来了。

Vocabulary

treadmill desk: 跑步机办公桌

detrimental: 不利的;有害的

reimbursement: 报销

篇6：3个步骤解决GRE逻辑阅读

GRE逻辑阅读解题有技巧 3个步骤解决逻辑阅读

一、GRE逻辑题介绍

GRE考试中会有四至五道逻辑题，每篇文章后面会有一个问题。每篇逻辑论证一般会有一到三句那么长。GRE阅读中的逻辑题包含了一些必要的逻辑推理知识，主要考察考生的逻辑推理能力。小站教育独家原创倾情整理发布《GRE高分考生们的复习笔记》

根据GRE逻辑题的题目类型，将其划分为五类：支持结论型，削弱结论型，分析逻辑结构型，得出结论型(推断题)，和解决矛盾型。

二、GRE逻辑题的三大出题原则

1、不需要专业的背景知识原则

阅读中的逻辑题都是基于其中的某一个段落，涉及的领域很广泛，像艺术、社会学、历史、教育、政治、体育、广告等。虽然涉及内容包罗万象，但无需任何学科、专业的特定知识，而应着重从逻辑推理的角度来思维。

2、Which of the following 原则

逻辑题的大多数问题有which of the following, 要求你根据段落里所给信息及逻辑推理，从下面五个选项中选出一个选项，从而实现问题目的。

3、If true 原则

If true在许多考题中出现，紧接在which of the following 之后，有时表达是if practicable, if accepted, if feasible, if correct等。这使得选项在即使违反常识或专业知识的情况下，我们也不能质疑其正确性。

三、GRE逻辑题的解题思路

1. 概括关键逻辑链

在解答逻辑题时，考生需要先看要求，是加强还是削弱、评估还是假设。然后提炼出关键逻辑链，其中必须包含题目中的重要对象以及对象之间的关系。

2. 抓住逻辑题目的结论

在解题时，考生面对多个选项，应该特别注意找出选项中涉及关键链对象最多的、和题目的逻辑思维最接近的选项，这个选项往往就是正确答案。

3. 学会使用排除法

对于GRE考生来说，如果在解题时无法直接找出正确答案，那么至少可以通过找出并排除其它明显存在问题的答案来缩小选择的范围。具体做法是按照选项内容的相关和无关性进行排除。

四、GRE逻辑题的解题步骤

第一步：确认问题类型

看文章前先看问题，问题会告诉你需要那种逻辑思维方式来解题，有时候还会包含文章的结论。而仔细阅读问题题干可能会帮助我们加强或者削弱结论、找出假设部分、进行推理、解决矛盾、分析文章结构。

第二步：分解文章论点

一般文章的论点会由这几个部分组成。分别是：前提、结论、假设和反对前提。当阅读文章论点时，我们要学会分辨其中的这些部分，分解论点进行解析，也可以适当做一些记录。

第三步：排除答案选项

把答案的每个选项都检查一遍，首先，排除那些明显错误的选项，然后把剩下的选项进行对比。最终就可以得出正确答案。

以上就是本文为大家介绍的关于GRE考试逻辑题型的备考以及解题技巧，大家在阅读的同时也要认真思考，反思自己的复习方式是否合理，做到有则改之无则加勉。

GRE考试阅读真题及答案

Passage 1

A divide between aesthetic and technical considerations has played a crucial role in mapmaking and cartographic scholarship. Since nineteenth century cartographers, for instance, understood themselves as technicians who did not care about visual effects, while others saw themselves as landscape painters. That dichotomy structured the discipline of the history of cartography. Until the 1980s, in what Blakemore and Harley called “the Old is Beautiful Paradigm,” scholars largely focused on maps made before 1800, marveling at their beauty and sometimes regretting the decline of the pre-technical age. Early mapmaking was considered art while modern cartography was located within the realm of engineering utility. Alpers, however, has argued that this boundary would have puzzled mapmakers in the seventeenth century, because they considered themselves to be visual engineers.

1. According to the passage, Alpers would say that the assumptions underlying the “paradigm” were

A. inconsistent with the way some mapmakers prior to 1800 understand their own work

B. dependent on a seventeenth-century conception of mapmaking visual engineering

C. unconcerned with the difference between the aesthetic and technical questions of mapmaking

D. insensitive to divisions among cartographers working in the period after 1800

E. supported by the demonstrable technical superiority of mapmaking made after 1800

2. It can be inferred from the passage that, beginning in the 1980s, historians of cartography

A. placed greater emphasis on the beauty of maps made after 1800

B. expanded their range of study to include more material created after 1800

C. grew more sensitive to the way mapmakers prior to 1800 conceived of their work

D. came to see the visual details of maps as aesthetic objects rather than practical cartographic aids

E. reduced the attention they paid to the technical aspects of mapmaking

答案：

A B

GRE考试阅读真题及答案

Passage 2

Most mammals reach sexual maturity when their growth rates are in decline, whereas humans experience a growth spurt during adolescence. Whether apes experience an adolescent growth spurt is still undecided. In the 1950s, data on captive chimpanzees collected by James Gavan appeared devoid of evidence of an adolescent growth spurt in these apes. In a recent reanalysis of Gavan’s data, however, zoologist Elizabeth Watts has found that as chimpanzees reach sexual maturity, the growth rate of their limbs accelerates. Most biologists, however, are skeptical that this is a humanlike adolescent growth spurt. While the human adolescent growth spurt is physically obvious and affects virtually the entire body, the chimpanzee’s increased growth rate is detectable only through sophisticated mathematical analysis. Moreover, according to scientist Holly Smith, the growth rate increase in chimpanzees begins when 86% of full skeletal growth has been attained, whereas human adolescence generally commences when 77 percent of full skeletal growth has occurred.

1. Which of the following best describes the main idea of the passage?

A. Researchers have long disagreed about whether data collected in the 1950s indicate that chimpanzees and other apes experience an adolescent growth spurt.

B. Research data collected on chimpanzees living in captivity are inconclusive with respect to chimpanzees living in the wild.

C. The notion that apes do not experience an adolescent growth spurt has been confirmed by research conducted since.

D. Although the idea that apes experience an adolescent growth has received some support, most biologists remain unconvinced.

E. Although researchers agree that chimpanzees do not experience an adolescent growth spurt, they are divided in their opinions of whether this is true of other apes.

2. The passage mentions which of the following as one of the reasons why most biologists remain skeptical that chimpanzees experience a humanlike adolescent growth spurt?

A. Chimpanzees do not experience a demonstrable increase in growth rate until they are fully sexually mature.

B. The increase in growth rate that chimpanzees undergo at sexual maturity is less apparent than that of humans.

C. The increase in growth rate once regarded as a humanlike adolescent growth spurt in chimpanzees is too sporadic to be regarded as significant.

D. Not all chimpanzees undergo a calculable growth spurt.

E. Watt’s approach to analyzing data is considered to be highly unorthodox.

3. The passage suggests which of the following about the adolescent growth spurt that takes place in humans?

A. Its primary effects are found in parts of the body other than the limbs.

B. It is generally completed by the time 77 percent of full skeletal growth is attained.

C. It is normally detectable without the assistance of sophisticated mathematical analysis.

D. The rate of growth is much faster at the beginning of puberty than at any other time.

E. The estimated growth rate varies depending on the methods of measurement that are used.

答案：

D B C

GRE考试阅读真题及答案

Passage 3

Many cultural anthropologists have come to reject the scientific framework of empiricism that dominated the field until the 1970s and now regard all scientific knowledge as socially constructed. They argue that information about cultures during the empiricist era typically came from anthropologists who brought with them a prepackaged set of conscious and unconscious biases. Cultural anthropology, according to the post-1970s critique, is unavoidably subjective, and the anthropologist should be explicit in acknowledging that fact. Anthropology should stop striving to build a better database about cultural behavior and should turn to developing a more humanistic interpretation of cultures. The new framework holds that it may be more enlightening to investigate the biases of earlier texts than to continue with empirical methodologies.

1. The author implies which of the following about most cultural anthropologists working prior to the 1970s?

A. They argued that scientific knowledge was socially constructed.

B. They were explicit in acknowledging the biases inherent in scientific investigation.

C. They regarded scientific knowledge as consisting of empirical truths.

D. They shared the same conscious and unconscious biases.

E. They acknowledged the need for a new scientific framework.

2. According to the passage, “many cultural anthropologists” today would agree that anthropologists should

A. build a better, less subjective database about cultural behavior

B. strive to improve the empirical methodologies used until the 1970s

C. reject the notion that scientific knowledge is socially constructed

D. turn to examining older anthropological texts for unacknowledged biases

E. integrate humanistic interpretations with empirical methodologies