托福写作从句运用时机技巧实例分析（合集8篇）由网友“小狮子”投稿提供，下面是小编为大家汇总后的托福写作从句运用时机技巧实例分析，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
篇1：托福写作从句运用时机技巧实例分析
托福写作什么时候用从句?
在托福写作中，从句句型还是应用比较广泛的，常用的主语、宾语从句，定语从句，还有同位语从句。小编见过的托福写作范文中，段落中从句出现的频率都是很高的，尤其是第一段introduction中，一般做背景介绍的时候都会使用宾语从句，例如：some people claim that… 在文章的主体部分中，为了体现句式的变化，各种从句交替应用就显得很重要;即使在iBT导入了first draft的概念之后，对文章的内容要求也没有改变要求，需要体现完整性和统一性。
有一点值得注意，从句虽好，但不宜过多重复，这就好像美酒虽好，但不要贪杯的道理一样。好钢用在刀刃上，从句的优点是简单句不能比拟的，但只有简单句结合从句，才能体现句子的多变性;也只有全部的句子都为主题句服务，文章的整体性才会更好的体现。
篇2：托福写作从句运用时机技巧实例分析
以下是议论文写作中比较好的一些从句例子：
1. Many experts claim that people should positively participate in garbage recycle。
宾语从句，一般出现在首段背景介绍部分。
2. Horror movies, in which there might be bleeding and terrifying scenes, are not recommended for children。
定语从句，一般在主体部分中比较常见，用以解释说明，达到简化句子的目的。
3. As long as you are a student, you should always behave yourself。
状语从句，让步状语从句比较常见的使用although或者though来引导，这里介绍一个使用as long as来引导的句子，这个例句可以解释成做一天和尚撞一天钟。
4. When it comes to psychology, most people believe that it is a behavioral study。
时间状语从句，例句中的应用表示了“当谈到…的时候”，这是一种美式英语中经常出现的句式，口语和书面语都可以使用，推荐各位掌握。
托福写作语料库积累：成功公司的特点
托福写作语料库积累重点搭配:
share some common traits ：有共同点
attracting and hiring the people who：吸引并雇佣X.X样的人
taking care of your customers:伺候好顾客
integrate s/th into：把X.X融入到X.X
be well thought out and well executed：经过深思熟虑然后执行的
poorly crafted business plan ：没有被精细制作的商业计划
is far superior to ：前者比后者高级的
well-crafted business plan ：精细制作的商业计划
sits on the shelf collecting dust：
搁置起来 (比喻形同虚设的政策等)
drives the activities and behaviors of the entire organization：
驱动整个组织的活动和行为
a ship without a rudder：没有舵的船
product strategy :产品策略
employee retention：员工保有率
in a world of continuous change：在不停变换的世界里
implement a culture of continuous learning：实施一个不断学习的文化
is a major contributor to success：X.X是一个成功的重要因素
托福写作语料库积累重要句子：
It simply can't be steered and ends up going around in circles.
无法驾驶并原地打转。
托福写作语料库积累适用的题目：
For any business to be successful, one must spend a lot of money on advertising.
托福写作语料库积累：做个称职的老师
托福写作语料库积累重点搭配:
provide educators-to-be with the tools, mentors, and hands-on experience:给即将成为教育者的人提供工具、导师和实践经验
In fact ： 实际上
an inspiring and informed teacher：一个启发性的、知识渊博的老师
pay close attention to ：密切关注
provide many opportunities for X.X.X：为X.X.X提供更多机会
under the supervision of X.X.X ：在X.X.X的监管之下
professionals in medicine, architecture, and law：
在医疗、建筑和法律领域的职业人士
learn through examining case studies, learning best practices：
通过分析案例、学习实务来学习
participating in internships： 参加实习
in the context of ： 在X.X.X的背景下面
educational technologies： 教育科技
professional-development schools：培养职业技能的学校
innovative training programs ：创新的培训项目
providing them with early and adequate support: 给他们提供早的、足够的培训
Mentoring and coaching from veteran colleagues ：来自老员工的指导和培训
create opportunities for X.X.X：为X.X.X提供机会
learn from best practices and analyze and reflect on their teaching：
学习最好的实务、分析并且反思自己的教学
ongoing and regular opportunities ：不间断的、常规的机会
Ongoing professional development keeps teachers up-to-date on new research on how children learn, emerging technology tools for the classroom, new curriculum resources, and more.
持续的职业发展使得教师能够紧跟有关孩子如何学习，教室层面出现的科技手段，新课程资源等新研究的相关信息。
托福写作素材相关题目：
Should all school teachers be required to attend courses every 5 years to update their knowledge?
托福写作语料库积累：合作式学习
托福写作语料库积累重点搭配:
learn the skills of collaborating, managing emotions, and resolving conflicts ：学习合作、控制情绪、解决分歧等技能
is responsible for ：对X.X负责
learning the subject matter ：学习主题;
helping teammates to learn ：帮助同伴学习
develops social and emotional skills ：朋友社交和控制情绪技能
providing a valuable foundation for their lives as workers, family members, and citizens：为将来做员工、家庭成员和市民提供有价值的基础;
manage deadlines and resolve differences ：掌控截止日期和解决分歧
far beyond what an individual student could accomplish：远远超越单个学生所有能成就的;
托福写作万能素材适用题目：
Do youagree or disagree with the following statement: it is more effective forstudents to work in groupsthan by themselves.
Some people think that it is an important part of a child’seducation to go on a field trip (for example, museums) while other people thinka child’s time is better spent learning in a classroom at school. What is youropinion?
托福写作从句运用时机技巧实例分析
篇3：托福写作名人名言引用技巧实例分析
托福写作名人名言引用技巧实例分析 引经据典要这么写
托福独立写作引用写法介绍
托福独立写作是议论文题材，引用名人名言或是谚语可使所表达的语言简洁凝练，生动活泼,增添感染力。在论证分论点时，可为自己的观点提供有力的论据,增强说服力。在强调主题时，具有画龙点睛之效,能够启人心智、升华主题。简言之，引经据典有以下三种作用，即 To illuminate the meaning ;To support the arguments ;To inspire and invoke。下面小编以托福作文题为例，看如何恰如其分地引经据典，旁征博引。
例一.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:
Parents should allow children to make mistakes and let them learn from their own mistakes.
此题按题型来看为利弊类题，按话题来看属于家庭类话题。父母应该让孩子经历风雨的洗礼去成长，还是避免孩子犯错误。若选择同义，认为家长应该让孩子在错误中汲取成长的营养，就可引用与经验教训历练成长相关的名人名言及谚语。
1. Mistakes are an essential part of education. (Bertrand Russell, Bdritish philosopher)
从错误中吸取教训是教育极为重要的一部分。(英国哲学家 罗素 .B.)
2. One thorn of experience is worth a whole wilderness of warning. (James Russell Lowell, British Poet and critic)
一次痛苦的经验抵得上千百次的告诫。(英国诗人、批评家 洛威尔 .J. R .)
3. Practical wisdom is only to be learned in the school of experience. (Samuel Smiles, British writer)
实用的知识只有通过亲身体验才能学到。(英国作家 斯迈尔斯 . S .)
4. As fruit needs not only sunshine but cold nights and chilling showers to ripen it, so character needs not only joy but trial and difficulty to mellow it. (Hugh Black, American writer)
水果不仅需要阳光，也需要凉夜。寒冷的雨水能使其成熟。人的性格陶冶不仅需要欢乐，也需要考验和困难。(美国作家 布莱克 H)
5. Mishaps are like knives that either serve us or cut us as we grasp them by the handle or blade.(James Russell Lowell, American poetess and critic)
灾难就像刀子，握住刀柄就可以为我们服务，拿住刀刃则会割破手。(美国女诗人、批评家 洛威尔 J R)
6. No pain , no palm; no thorns, no throne ; no gall, no glory; no cross, no crown. (William Penn, British admiral)
没有播种，何来收获;没有辛劳，何来成功;没有磨难，何来荣耀;没有挫折，何来辉煌。(英国海军上将 佩恩 W)
7. The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet .(Aristotle , Ancient Greek philosopher )
教育的根是苦的，但其果实是甜的。(古希腊哲学家 亚里士多德)
例二. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:
The expression “Never, never give up” means to keep trying and never stop working for your goals.
此题探讨一个人是否应该永不服输。若同义此观点，便可引用与坚持毅力相关的名人名言及谚语。
1. Our destiny offers not the cup of despair, but the chalice of opportunity. So let us seize it, not in fear, but in gladness. -- R.M. Nixon
命运给予我们的不是失望之酒，而是机会之杯。因此，让我们毫无畏惧，满心愉悦地把握命运。——尼克松
2. Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. -- John Ruskin
生活没有目标，犹如航海没有罗盘。——罗斯金
3. We must accept finite disappointment, but we must never lose infinite hope. -- Mattin Luther King
我们必须接受失望，因为它是有限的，但千万不可失去希望，因为它是无穷的。——马丁 · 路德 · 金
4. A strong man will struggle with the storms of fate. -- Thomas Addison
强者能同命运的风暴抗争。——爱迪生
5. While there is life, there is hope.
有生命就有希望/留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
6. Storms make trees take deeper roots.
风暴使树木深深扎根。
7. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.
心之所愿，无所不成。
例三. Should students be required to take classes in many subjects or to specialize in one subject.
此题属于教育类话题，学生应该广而薄地学习多门课程，还是少而精地学习一门课程。若同意此观点，强调背景知识广博的重要性，可引用培根的名言。
Histories make men wise ; poems witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep ; moral grave ; logic and rhetoric able to contend .(Francis Bacon , British philosopher)
历史使人明智;诗词使人灵秀;数学使人周密;自然哲学使人深刻;伦理使人庄重;逻辑修辞学使人善辨。(英国哲学家 培根. F.)
例四. Which is most important for an enjoyable journey: good food, good location and good friend?
此题属于三选一题，建议考生选good friend比较好展开。强调同行者的重要性时就可引经据典。
1. Two heads are better than one.
三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。
2. Good company on the road is the shortest cut.
行路有良伴就是捷径。
托福写作词汇必备
1.解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle
2.损害： Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize
3.给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford
4.培养：：Develop, cultivate, foster
5.优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength
6.缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness
7.使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle
8.重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative
9.认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced
10.保护：Protect, conserve, preserve
11.确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge
12.有害的： Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental
13.要求 ：Request, demand, needs, requisition
14.消除 ：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away
15.导致： Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate
16.因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this
17.增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to
18.降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to， slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to
19.保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out
20.急剧地：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably
21.平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly
22.宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim
23.发生：Happen, occur, take place
24.原因：Reason, factor, cause
25.发展：Development, advance, progress
26.有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding， advantageous
27.影响：Influence, impact, effect
28.明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear
29.占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose
30.与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to
31.对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely
32.展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe
33.大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly
34.波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation
35.事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that
36.换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle.
托福独立写作高分小技巧—Rhetorical Questions
如果说参加托福考试时在综合写作中还可以适当使用“模板”的话，那么独立写作里“模板”的使用往往会被并标以“pre-prepared”，因此考生想通过这种“捷径”提高得分的结果不会特别理想。独立写作提高得分的关键还是“实力说话”。
尽管“模板”效果有限，但短期提高得分的技巧还是很多，如活用“万能理由”和巧用“论证方法”等。本文主要介绍在独立写作中很多考生没有注意的一个加分“小”技巧—rhetorical question的使用。
在托福写作实战中，rhetorical question的使用能够起到很好的加分作用。为了说明rhetorical question的加分作用，请看托福Official Guide评卷人对一篇题为Dishonesty Kills Reliability的满分作文的点评。下面是点评中关于language的comment：
The writer's language is fluent, accurate, and varied enough to effectively support the progression and connection of ideas. There is a variety of sentence structures, including rhetorical questions.
评卷人把rhetorical questions看做加分点!
从上面的点评中，我们可以清楚的得出这个结论——至少评卷人把上述段落中的反问句视作一种“句型变化”而加以肯定和褒扬。
那么，何谓rhetorical question?Rhetorical question会不会很难?
我们先来看在托福Official Guide里备受评卷人赞誉的rhetorical question实例。在原文第四段中，为了说明honesty的重要性作者是这样写的：
In any relationship of mine, I would wish that first of all, the person I'm dealing with is honest.Even though s/he thinks that s/he did something wrong that I wouldn't like,s/he'd better tell me the truth and not lie about it. Later on if I find out about a lie or hear the truth from someone else, that'd be much more unpleasant. In that case how can I ever believe or trust that person again?How can I ever believe that this person has enough confidence in me to forgive him/her and carry on with the relationship from there.……
提问而不需对方回答，提问只是为了表明并强调作者的立场。这不就是汉语中的“反问”吗?维基百科对反问句的定义是：
A rhetorical question is a figure of speech in the form of a question thatis asked to make a point rather than to elicit an answer. Though a rhetorical question does not require a direct answer, in many cases it may beintended to start a discussion or at least draw an acknowledgement that thelistener understands the intended message.
还有学者对反问的定义更加清楚：
A rhetorical question is asked just for effect or to lay emphasison some point discussed when no real answer is expected.
那么，rhetorical question为什么能够收到评卷人的赞誉而得到加分?这就要从托福作文的评分标准说起了。托福Official Guide里面对于高分作文的要求(Scoring Rubic)描述如下：
.ffectively addresses the topicand task
.s well organized and well developed, appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and / or details
.isplay Unity, progression, and coherence
.isplay consistent use of language,demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity
从上面的评分标准可以清楚看出，rhetorical question能够帮助我们满足实现评分标准第四条中的“demonstrating syntactic variety”。这也正是官方指南中评卷人的点评。
其实，除了体现“句型变化”，合理使用rhetorical question还能帮助我们满足评分标准第一条的要求“effectively addresses the topic and task”。事实上，rhetorical question不仅能够有效的回应主题，还能强调作者的观点从而获得读者的认同。rhetorical question的这种强调作用最著名的范例可能算是雪莱《西风颂》Ode to the West Wind的结尾了：
“O Wind,If Winter comes,can Spring be far behind?”
另外，问句，尤其是设问的合理使用还能起到很好的衔接作用，也就是评分标准的第三条“Display Unity, progression, and coherence”。因此，有学者把rhetorical question的篇章作用总结如下：
? Emphasize a point
? Persuade powerfully
? Influence subtly
? Provoke thinking
? Help smooth transition
限于篇幅，对这些作用就不一一举例了。顺便说一下，rhetorical question后面的标点并不一定总是question mark，有时也可以是句号或感叹号。
下面，本文作者提供一篇自己写的样文，请大家分析问句在开头、中间和结尾段中的使用。
Some people prefer to ask others for help; others prefer to solve the problem with their own knowledge. Which is your choice?
Such is human nature that everyone longs for happiness in our life. Unfortunately, on the path to pursue happiness, we are likely to face various problems. How to solve them? Should we rely on ourselves to remove the obstacle or turn toothers for a cure?From my perspective, it is more reasonable to ask others for help.
Admittedly, always hinging on others to solve problems might be irrational in some cases. For example, if you ask an acquaintance with whom you haven’t a close tie to lend you a hand, he might be reluctant, because most of us have our own care and concern. Besides,some people are unwilling to shoulder the responsibility for the advice they offer. It’s not a rare case when we ask our friend for advice on what major to choose only to get a reply: “Well, it’s really hard to say. Who knows what your real interest is? Who knows what major will be popular when you graduate?”
In spite of the points mentioned above, I still cling to the idea that we should depend on others for the following reasons.
First of all, asking others for help can save us much valuable time, time that we can use for other purposes. As is known to all, most people in contemporary society are always burdened with endless stress and strain. To be admitted to prestigious universities, schoolchildren have to burn midnight oil to out do their peers in exams; likewise,university students can do nothing but to work against the clock to lend themselves an edge over others in the talent market so that they can land adecent job. Given the quickening pace of life, how can we expect us to remove all the obstacles only by ourselves?
In addition, turning to others for help is an efficient way for us to enlarge our circle of friends. It is not a rare case that friendship might be formed after we ask others for help. Take myself as an example. After helping me find a cure for my personal health problem, one of my colleagues has become my best friend. Now, when in trouble,he also asks for my advice. No wonder some even state that it is an efficient way to find friends by “bothering” others for their help.Sounds surprising?It is a discovery revealed inrecent research conducted by a group of leading experts.
Most importantly, it is the only choice to call for help when the solution to a problem requires expertise. Itis known to all that today’s society differs greatly from what it was before. Even a century ago, most folks could be self-sufficient: they grew grain on their own land and wove cloth on their own looms, which seems unimaginable in modern society. Unlike the “good old days”, modern society is a huge complex machine in which each person can serve only as a tiny part.For example, City dwellers depend on farmers for grain while farmers rely on factory workers for industrial products; in the same way, factory workers may temporarily drown our worries in soap operas shown on the screen while film-makers cannot have a film produced, however talented they might be, without the talents of play wrights,directors, photographers, actors or actresses.
Why not ask others for solution when necessary?Good or bad, this might be the best choice left to us.
篇4：托福阅读复杂句式从句实例分析
例1
Scientists felt that they could get an idea of how long the extinctions took by determining how long it took to deposit this one centimeter of clay and they thought they could determine the time it took to deposit the clay by determining the amount of the element iridium (Ir) it contained.
句子成分分析：Scientists 做主语，felt 谓语动词，that从句做宾语。and并列连接词，and 后面的they 代指scientists. 整个句子是由and 连接的并列句。
例子翻译：科学家们感到他们通过确定一厘米厚的粘土的沉积时间可以能够知道灭绝的时间，并且科学家们认为沉积粘土的时间可以通过确定粘土中含lr这种元素的量来获得。
下面简单介绍下宾语从句。
宾语从句，简单来说就是做宾语的成分不是词或短语，而是一个句子，这个句子叫宾语从句。这个句子可以做动词的宾语也可以做介词的宾语。从句前还得有连接词来连接。我们熟悉的连词that、what可以充当连接词。举例来说明：
(1)动词的宾语从句
He told me that I had to attend the meeting.
他告诉我，我必须出席会议。
(2)介词的宾语从句
The boss was satisfied with what the young man did.
老板对那个年轻人干的工作很满意。
例2
Hearing the stories may lead preschoolers to encode aspects of events that allow them to form memories they can access as adults.
托福阅读文章句子成分分析：Hearing the stories，动名词做主语，may lead 做谓语动词，that 定语从句修饰events，同时that在从句中做主语，them 指代preschoolers.最后they can access as adults.实际上是they 前面省略了that，因为that 在从句中做宾语(如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中做宾语，通常把关系代词省略掉)。省略关系代词的例句：X is a good skirt (that )I have always wanted to buy.
托福阅读例子翻译：听故事可能使学龄前儿童编码事件，这些事件允许他们形成记忆，这些记忆在他们成年的时候能够提取出来。
下面就定语从句简单说一些。
托福阅读高分策略提到所谓的定语从句，就是作定语的成分由词变成了句子。这个句子叫做定语从句。定语从句有两种，一种是这个从句对所修饰的词很重要，不能省略这个句子，如果省略，整个句子的意思就会受到影响，这种定语从句叫做限制性定语从句。另一种，定语从句被去掉，对整个句子的理解不会受到很大影响，句子的意思还是清楚并完整的。它起到了附加说明的作用。通常定语从句和前面的句子用逗号隔开。下面我们给两个例子大家自已体会一下：
Do you know the girl who is speaking with Mr. Wang?
Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a modern city.
例3
It is significant that the earliest living thing that built communities on these islands are examples of symbiosis, a phenomenon that depends upon the close cooperation of two or more forms of life and a principle that is very important in island communities.
句子成分分析：it 做形式主语，that 从句做真正的主语，第二个that 引导的从句做定语从句修饰the earliest living thing , 同时that 在从句中做主语，逗号后面a phenomenon 是解释symbiosis 的，that 从句修饰 phenomenon ,同时that 做主语，and 并列连词，连接 a phenomenon 和a principle , 最后一个that 是修饰 a principle，同时 that 从句的主语。
例子翻译：在这些岛屿上建立群落的最早生物体是共生关系的例子，这件事是很重要的。共生关系是一种现象 ，这种现象依赖两个或多个生命形式的密切合作，同时共生关系也是一种原则，是在岛屿群落中很重要的原则。
托福阅读材料：大苹果
大苹果 纽约
纽约，世界最大的城市，在这里，摩天大厦林立，有著名的第五大道(Fifth Avenue俗称第五街)、对世界经济极具影响力的华尔街Wall Street，以及艺术家们响往的格林威治村Greenwich Village。
帝国大厦 Empire State Building
长时期来象征著纽约摩天大楼的高达102层超高层大厦。顶层高度达1，250英尺(381公尺)。在第86楼上有一展望台，气候晴朗时，可以眺望周围50英里以内的景色。【托福阅读】
洛克斐勒中心 Rockefeller Center
呈现美国典型的一面，在都市建筑学方面也颇饶兴趣的商业与娱乐中心。自第49街与第50街之间，通过第五街的Promenade Gardens内，四季花草茂盛，美丽如图画，公园四周是具有代表性意义的大厦，诸如PCA Building、Radio City Music Hall,Center Theatre等。NBC与ABC的制作室就是RCA大厦的第70楼。【托福阅读】
自由女神 Statue of Liberty
世界著名的自由女神像，位于纽约湾的利勃坦岛上，像高约46公尺。自由女神像内部中空，可搭电梯直达神像头部。此外，还有新设的移民博物馆Immigration Museum。
联合国 the United Nations
纽约的历史系由曼顿产生，而现代世界史则与联合国密切相关。自第42街起直到第48街上，在广达18英亩的地基上，就兴建着著名的联合国大厦。联合国容许观光客依到达先后次序入内参观会议情形。
中国城 Chinatown
中国城已具有百年以上的历史，城内居住的华裔第二代约有六千人。中国城位于ChathamSquare的西边一部份，城中主要街道为Mott。城内有中国博物馆。大都会美术馆The Metropolitan Museum of Art乃是世界最大美术馆之一。自由代东方到现代，有关美术史的重要事项，一一呈现眼前。内中有一美国馆，可由馆中陈列品窥知初期美国人的生活状况。【托福阅读】
华尔街 Wall Street
是全球金融中心。世界最大的银行大厦，除了大通银行之外，纽约股票交易所，美国股票交易所，以及收藏1789年华盛顿就任美国第一任总统时的史迹的国立纪念馆、联邦厅等，都在这条街上。
太空城
休士顿
休士顿是美国的第五大都市，人类第一次登上月球的阿波罗飞船11号就在这里升空，因而使它也成为全球闻名的城镇。这一城镇是在1836年当德克萨斯州自墨西哥获得独立时，随之而诞生。
通往墨西哥湾的休士顿港，是美国第三大港，在那里出口的棉花和石油产品，其数量占全美第一位。
自从美国国家航空太空总署NASA在近郊设置太空中心以来，休士顿正在继续不断地急速发展。
阿斯托洛圆顶运动场 Astrodome
耗资3，100万美元，于1965年兴建完成的这一运动场是目前世界上最大的一座室内运动场，内部装有冷暖气设备。棒球、足球、骞马，以至于马戏团表演，都可以在室内进行。紧邻的Astro World是一个规模极大的娱乐中心，游客可以观赏欧洲各种村落的景色，也能够欣赏各类表演。
圣哈新托古战场 San Jacinto Battle field
1836年，休士顿将军为了争取德州独立，率军与墨军激战的地方。现在已成为州立公园，纪念塔高达174公尺，可乘电梯登上塔项。塔下是历史博物馆。距休士顿市约26公里。
美国航空太空总署太空飞行中心 NASA Manned Spacecraft
因阿波罗11号在此升空而全球闻名。美国国家航空太空总署NASA于1961年设立于休士顿东南方45公里处的克利阿湖畔。附近有General Electric 和International Business Machines等重要的电子工业企业，是名符其实的航空太空科学中心。
展览馆Exhibit Hall的一号馆中，陈列着太空飞行员使用的器具、太空食物、太空船模型、月球上采集的岩石，对一般观光客公开。
太空飞行中心内部极为辽阔，可在进入中心的问讯处索取地图，备作参考。太空中心内也有礼品店，出售太空船模型、月球石头模型，以及阿波罗帽等。
托福考试阅读材料专题训练
【Introduction】
根据一份今在「英国医学杂志」刊出的报告指出，母乳虽然含有丰富营养，但长期吃母奶无助於降低幼儿罹患气喘和过敏症状风险。
【Section One】Article
The benefits of breast-feeding are many and varied. Studies suggest that breast-fed kids are smarter, taller, thinner, healthier and less stressed than babies on bottles. Plus, breast-feeding helps moms bond with their babies and may even lower their blood pressure. So, is there anything breast milk can‘t do? Apparently, yes, according to a new study published Tuesday by BMJ Online: It doesn‘t offer infants much defense against asthma or allergies.
That‘s a question researchers have long debated. Until now, the evidence has been mixed: Some studies have suggested that exclusive, prolonged breast-feeding helps stave off asthma and allergies later in life; other studies have shown no protection, or even an increased risk. But most of the available data has come from observational studies. The new BMJ paper, in contrast, was a large, long-term randomized trial that involved more than 17,000 breast-feeding women and babies, 13,889 of whom were tracked until age 6 1/2. Researchers recruited the moms in maternity hospitals and clinics in Belarus. About half of them — those who had already begun breast-feeding — were encouraged to continue breast-feeding exclusively; the control group got no such extra urging.
Researchers report that women in the intervention group breast-fed significantly longer than women in the control group: at three months, 73% of the intervention group was breast-feeding, compared with 60% of the control group, and the number of women breast-feeding exclusively was seven times higher. By a year after birth, rates of breast-feeding had dropped across the board; but still, 20% of the intervention group was breast-feeding versus 11% of the controls.
In general, about 10% of the children had ever suffered wheezing in their lives, though less than 1.5% had had full-blown asthma. Roughly 3% to 5% had had hay fever, and about 1% had suffered bouts of eczema. Researchers also performed skin-prick tests on the children; again, there was no significant difference between incidence of allergy — to dust mites, cats, pollen, grass and Alternaria, a common fungus — between the groups. In the breast-fed group, about 9% were allergic to pollen and Alternaria, 12% to cats and grass and 15% to dust mites. Absolute rates of all allergies were slightly lower in the control group, but the variations weren‘t statistically relevant.
The BMJ study is “to our knowledge.. the largest randomized trial ever done in the area of human lactation,” write the study‘s authors. But it‘s not likely to be the last. Science will continue to debate the discrete pros and cons of breast-feeding, but doctors unanimously agree that breast, in general, is best for babies‘ health, growth and development. Mothers should breast-feed newborns for at least 12 months — and exclusively for at least 6 months — according to American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines.
【Section Two】Vocabulary
limiting or limited to possession, control, or use by a single individual or group
extend the duration of.
to fend off, to ward off
enlist (someone) in the armed forces.
the period during pregnancy and shortly after childbirth
action taken to improve a medical disorder.
so as to include or affect all classes or categories
to maintain contact with (a person) so as to monitor the effects of earlier activities or treatments
a set of printed questions, usually with a choice of answers, devised for a survey or statistical study.
10. wheeze
breathe with a whistling or rattling sound in the chest, as a result of obstruction in the air passages. (of a device) make an irregular rattling or spluttering sound.
possessing or exhibiting all the usual or necessary features or symptoms
12. bout
a short period of intense activity.
13. eczema
a medical condition in which patches of skin become rough and inflamed with blisters which cause itching and bleeding.
14. prick
press briefly or puncture with a sharp point.
15. mite
a minute arachnid with four pairs of legs, several kinds of which are parasitic.
16. pollen
a powdery substance discharged from the male part of a flower, each microscopic grain containing a male gamete that can fertilize the female ovule.
is a genus of ascomycete fungi. Alternaria species are known as major plant pathogens. They are also common allergens in humans, growing indoors and causing hay fever or hypersensitivity reactions that sometimes lead to asthma. They readily cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised people such as AIDS patients.
18. fungus
any of a large group of spore-producing organisms which feed on organic matter and include moulds, yeast, mushrooms, and toadstools.
a disadvantage of or argument against something.
fully in agreement.
a branch of medicine dealing with the development, care, and diseases of children
the secretion of milk by the mammary glands.
an acute allergic reaction to pollen that is usually seasonal and is marked by sneezing, nasal discharge and congestion, and itching and watering of the eyes
【Section Three】Homework
1. Please translate the blue sentence into Chinese.
When the infants were about 6 1/2 years old, researchers followed up with standard questionnaires about asthma, hay fever and eczema. Rates of each condition were similar in both groups.
2. What is the main idear of this Article?
3. What is the main reason that the author is confident with the conclusion of the study?
4. Which word is the “best” synonym of “recruit” here ?
A. recover B. renovate C. refresh D. draft E. enroll
5. Which kinds of allergies are described in the article?
参考答案：
1. 当小婴儿六岁半时，研究员以一致的问卷来追踪哮喘、花粉病和湿疹。两组各项过敏的比例都很接近。
2. Although breast-feeding has many advantages, it doesn‘t offer infants much defense against asthma or allergies.
3. The conclusion is drawn from the largest randomized trial ever done in the area of human lactation.
4. E
5. asthma, hay fever and eczema
篇5：托福独立写作让步式写法运用实例分析
在写一边倒的文章的时候，多数考生喜欢采用经典的五段式写法，即开头段、结尾段、中间三段三个分论点论证。这样的写法当然无可厚非，然而多数学生会碰到两个问题，一是我只能想到两个理由，第三个理由写不出来怎么办?二是我三个理由都写完了，但是字数不够300字怎么办?这样的情况，就需要我们的救命稻草“让步段”出场了。
什么是让步段写法?
让步段，顾名思义，就是退了一步的段落。例如，For further career success, is relate well to other people more important than studying hard at school? 选择了同意的立场，写完了三个同意的理由之后，可以再写一点让步段论述一下反方的观点，即在学校学习好也很重要。写让步段的好处有很多，一是上文提及的最实际的用途---凑字数，二是从行文逻辑看，写一段让步段也可以展现考生思维的严密性。只要时间允许，此种一举多得的做法为何不尝试呢?
篇6：托福独立写作让步式写法运用实例分析
但是，让步段写作也需要遵循一定的原则。考生在写作时，应当按照三部曲进行：1)写出一个反方观点 2)进行一定程度的削弱 3)重申自己的观点。
1. 写出反方观点
这一步大多数同学都做得不错，但是在提出反方观点之前，可再加上一些连接词，例如admittedly, nevertheless等等。还拿之前拿到题目做例子，For further career success, is relate well to other people more important than studying hard at school? 总观点是同意，让步段写学习好也挺重要的。第一步引出反方观点时，应写：Admittedly, acquiring an excellent GPA is one significant proof of your ability, for “study” is one of the major tasks that students are supposed to fulfill in school.
2. 进行一定程度的削弱
这是大多数同学会忽略的一步。很多同学在写让步段的时候，喜欢跳过第二步，直接重申自己的观点，然而这样的写法会显得逻辑上牵强，行文也显得生硬。因此，在提出反方观点时要进行一定的削弱。例如在写完上文那句话之后，应加上：However, the outstanding scores only prove the intelligence of the student, while the EQ, largely reflected by how well you relate with others, plays an utmost significant role in the future career success.
3. 重申自己的观点
这一步非常重要，因为让步段的提出仅仅是小插曲，重要的还是自己的观点。切不可写了让步段，就忘了自己的立场，那样就是得不偿失了。因此，在写完上面两句话之后，需要再加上一句，therefore, I still hold the opinion that relate well with others is more important than acquiring high scores in school.
在让步段的写作当中，尤其需要注意两点：1是第二步的削弱过程，这样可使文章看起来不那么唐突，更为流畅。2是另外还需注意字数的控制，让步段切不可写得超过之前的论述段的长度，否则就有观点不明确的嫌疑了
托福写作：找论据的具体技巧
托福写作论据通常来自两个角度：个人和社会。
个人角度通常会涉及到个人的身体和心理的健康，个人的动机，梦想，兴趣爱好，职业和学业，家庭背景，个人生活方式以及个人的能力。
社会角度一般包括政府税收，教育，民族文化，经济，能源环境以及社会秩序。
1. Government should be responsible for the tuition fee of university students. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
题目的意思是政府该不该支付大学生的学费，针对这个题目，无论是同意还是不同意，我们都按个人和社会两个角度来看一下。
同意
个人：For those students who are with great intelligence but from poor families, government surely should be responsible for their tuition fee and provide them opportunities to go to school and then release pressure for their families. 因为此题讨论的是大学生的学费，正如前面所提到的，个人的构思角度包括“个人家庭经济背景”。
社会：As we all know, economy is a master key to a country's development and it is undeniable that students who finish their education are the main force pushing forward social and economic development, for which government should encourage education for the benefits of the whole society. 既然从社会角度出发，就要试着往这方面靠拢，首先想想学生接受教育对社会的益处是什么?上文提到，社会角度包括“经济”，所以政府支持教育必然对推进社会经济发展有好处。
不同意
个人：Paying tuition fee for university students can make them access to education easier, therefore, some students may lose motivation without financial pressure and will not cherish the studying opportunities. As a consequence, it is hard to guarantee the quality of university education. 个人的角度包括“学习动机”，政府给大学生支付学费可能会让他们丧失学习动机，从而影响教学质量。
社会：Due to the limited financial budget, government is likely to suffer a great pressure if spending too much money on education; as a result, our government will not have extra energy to develop in other fields, such as science and technology, as well as the medical advances, which are also with great significance to society.
我们之前也提到，社会的构思角度除了“教育”之外还有其他方面，例如“经济”或者“文化”或者“环境保护”。所以一旦政府在教育上花费过多，其他领域的发展就会受到限制。
2. Machines can do a lot of work for human being, it can bring many benefits. To what extent do you agree or disagree.
同意
个人：More work can be done in a relatively shorter time, which can greatly increase the working efficiency and improve quality of life by reducing the working tense; the benefits of this trend also can ensure safety of employees as some work with great danger can rely on machines
个人角度包括个人的身体健康(人身安全)和生活方式。所以这里的论据 “减轻劳动强度”和 “增强安全程度”正是来源于此。而且Reduce the working tense之后就意味着生活将会更轻松即“改善生活方式”。
社会：The economic development speeds up due to the improvement of productivity by using machines, which never feel tired and are not dependent external factors, such as emotion and weather.
社会包括“经济”，所以机器代替人类能够提高社会生产力，从而促进“社会经济”发展。
不同意
个人：Relying on machines too much may lead to lack of exercise and then cause human's healthy problems. 个人角度包含“个人的健康”问题。因此我们可以想到如果过多的依赖机器，人们就会缺乏运动从而导致健康水平下降。
社会：Some handicraft skills cannot be passed on and the traditional culture may die out since the skilled workers have been replaced by machines. Moreover, it is usually more resource consuming and causes environmental problems by using machines in the mass production.因为社会包括“传统文化”，进一步我们可以想到机器工作多了必然导致人们的手工技能或者称之为传统文化将会在社会中消亡。同时，社会包括“环境问题”。机器虽然可以提高效率，但是会消耗能源或者排放一些污染环境的物质，因为会涉及到环保问题，同样属于社会的构思角度。
托福写作：恒温动物
Sample Response
The professor actually contradicts the statements made in the passage. She is of the view that dinosaurs are not endotherms i.e. they were not able to keep their body temperature at a constant rate.
The professor contradicts the issue of dinosaurs being endothers based on the availability of fossils being available in thwe polar regions, she say that the polar regions in those days were not as cold as they are today i.e at least warm enough for dinosaurs to live. Durin harsh winters she says that there is a possibility of the dinosaurs actually migrating to warmer regions.
The issue of leg position and movement being used as a reason to clasify the dinosaurs as endotherms does not please the professor either. She says that dinosaurs had legs under their bodies to support their huge bodies i.e the legs under the body of the dinosaur were actually to support the huge weight of the dinosaur and not to provide it with a body structure like endotherms(which is actually suited for running).
The professor acknowledges the presence of haversian canals but also points out that that the fossils show the presence of growth rings. These rings occur due to the thickening of the bone. The thickening indicates that the dinosaurs were’nt actually growing continuously but were experiencing periods of rapid growth and periods of no growth in succesion. This pattern. she says is characteristic of non endothermic aanimals.
Thus it can be inferred that the professor challenges the passage by giving reasons as to why she thinks that the dinosaur is not an endotherm.
Description of Response:
Despite initial appearances, this response largely succeeds in clearly and accurately presenting how the lecture points take issue with the points in the reading passage that dinosaurs were endotherms. The first point regarding dinosaurs in polar regions could be a bit clearer. Otherwise, the response mainly suffers from typographical errors, but these are not regarded as major problems; it is obvious that the writer has good control of structure and vocabulary and the ability to use these to convey in an organized and logical manner what has been understood and asked.
篇7：托福写作词汇运用技巧解读
托福写作词汇运用技巧解读 2则实例告诉你写文章词汇用法
托福写作词汇运用要顺其自然
关于高级词汇在TOEFL写作中的应用，我觉得要顺其自然。有些考生总是喜欢找一些级别高的单词，甚至是被人冷落的单词进行记忆，这就好像让莎士比亚去考托福一样，级别相差太多。我见过很多学生，尤其是高中生，因为记忆力还保持在茂盛期，所以偏爱这种类型的记忆;这样做的优点在于你的单词量扩展得很好，基本可以参加GRE的考试，缺点就是牺牲太多时间，也会损害记忆能力。
托福词汇运用技巧实例讲解
针对TOEFL考试，词汇上的升级其实也很简单，我们来看下边这个例子：
important ? significant ? magnificent
具体应用到句子中：
1. WTO is planning an important conference about commercial regulations。
2. It is a significant contribution to the society。
3. We have visited the magnificent Forbidden city。
这几个词大家都很熟悉，都有“重要，华丽”的意思。可是作为同级比较的形容词，它们之间的关系则是递进式的，其强调的重要或者华丽的程度也在逐渐提升。如果你按照这样的顺序来进行记忆，不但可以记牢这几个单词，而且可以得到如何应用的真谛。所以所谓的高级词汇的应用，要从基础开始，打好基础之后再进行积累，切忌操之过急
再来看看下边这个例子：
Humility humiliate humiliated humiliating
这几个词汇都是由humility衍生出来的，但是意思大不相同，humility是我们的传统美德，叫做“谦卑”，和pride正好是反义词;而humiliate却是“使人蒙尘”的意思，humiliate和humiliating 一般口语使用偏多，指的是“感觉很丢脸，没有面子”。例如：I feel humiliated 或者 it is humiliating. 有时候，与其花费大量时间去记忆新单词和词组，都不如在已经掌握的单词中进行联想性的扩展来的有效和实惠。其实道理很简单，说一个东西好，很好，到非常好，相当好，甚至好到不能再好，这是一个纵向比较的记忆方法，按照级别的不同进行选择性的记忆和使用。
托福独立写作“媒体科技类”的素材表达
托福写作科技媒体类题目涉及内容
1.科技的影响(工作、学习、生活)
2.政府 & 科技(太空探索，理论研究)
3.现代媒介 vs传统媒介
4.传媒的作用
必备表达
科技的利弊
Pros
Cutting edge technology 尖端技术
Technological innovations/inventions/advances/progressions 技术创新和进步
1.提高工作效率
Augment/enhance/boost efficiency/productivity
Liberate accountants from repetitive and complex calculations that are Time-consuming and exhausting
2.方便信息检索
Information regarding(concerning/pertaining to) any area can be immediately accessible
Easily obtain/attain/access information
3.促进交流
Facilitate communication /transcend geographical barrier
Communicate on a global scale/across the globe
4.方便生活
Facilitate people’s daily commuting
Multiple household appliances (air-conditioners---enjoy comfortable lives without worrying about whether it is hot,cold or rainy outside; refrigerators preserve food for longer ; vacuum cleaners--energy-saving & time-saving)
5.丰富生活
Spice up/enrich people’s life
Leisure time
Listening to music, surfing the internet or watching digital movies
6.医疗科技
CT-scans and B-type ultrasound scans aid doctors in diagnosing illness for patients
With the invention of certain targeted vaccines, people finally put an end to rampant epidemics/eliminate deadly diseases.
Cons
1.污染
Abuse of industrial chemicals has caused irreversible consequences
Increasing automobiles bring about air pollution
2.伦理问题
Ethnic problems caused by cloning human beings
3.侵犯隐私
Violate/intrude on/infringe on one’s privacy
Infected by viruses & attacked by hackers
4.阻碍交流
Overexposure to...
Socially isolated
Impede/hinder communication
利弊权衡
Double-edged sword 双刃剑
Advantage/merit/strength/benefit 优点
Disadvantage/demerit/weakness/defect/drawback/shortcoming 缺点
(Far) outweigh/overshadow/outshine 大于
投资科技的优点
Inspire/stimulate/nurture/attract scientific minds
Turn out to be fruitful much later
Exert far-reaching/profound effect/impact
社交传媒的利弊
Pros
Disseminate information
Keep in touch with/reconnect with old friends
Bridge previously insurmountable physical distances
Promote public participation and civic engagement
Objective, unbiased and truthful reporting
Inform people with updated news
Cons
The validity of this information cannot always be verified
Misleading, misrepresented, distorted news
托福写作解析：倒装句让你的写作更精彩
倒装句在托福写作中时常运用，一种是完全倒装句;另一种是部分倒装句。
对于英语句子的倒装，有两种情况下需要运用倒装，一是由于语法结构的需要;二是由于修辞的需要。对于这两种情况的倒装，种情况是必须要倒装的，否则你的句子就会出现语法错误;第二种是选择性的倒装，这里只会在表达效果上出现差异。下面小编就带大家一起来看看从修辞功能的需要来看看倒装句为你的托福写作提分。
表现点一：表示强调
倒装句，大家最常见的、最突出的表现形式就是强调，其它表达形式一般有3种形态：
1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。
例：Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。
2. not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。
例： Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。
例： so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。
eg.To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了。
以上各例子都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极佳的修辞效果。
表现点二：承上启下
在写作表达中，有时需要在前一句说到或有联系的人或者是事物在下一句紧接着先说出来，从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚，衔接更加的紧密，起到一个承上启下的作用，这时候往往会用到倒装句。
例： We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain. 我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。
表现点三：制造悬念，渲染气氛
一般这个表现点在新闻或者文学创作的时候用到的最多，是为了内容的需要，或者为了强调，作者常常运用倒装句来制造悬念，渲染气氛，但是如果想让你的文章丰富多彩，那么使用倒装也不是不可行的。
例如：Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 墙上挂着一幅精美的图画。
表现点四：平衡结构
学习英语的人都知道，在英语的修辞中有一个很重要的原则，就是尾重原则，即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾有来保持句子的平衡。而在语言使用中为了避免头重脚轻，结构不平衡的句子，通常也会使用倒装句来达到这种效果。
1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序。
例：On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。
从例句中可看出, 采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥 ,读起来自然流畅,而采用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭。因而,在主语较长时就应采用倒装语序以取得理想的表达效果。
2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都提到主语前。
eg.Such would be our home in the future. 我们将来的家就是这个样子。
3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。
例：Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的信在这儿。
表现点五：使文章描写生动
有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。
例：Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. 当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三楼跳了下去。
上例句子简洁明了，生动逼真地描述了有关动作，令我们一览倒装句的风采。这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现的更为清晰。
托福写作解析：reduce living expense
如果给朋友推荐reduce living expense的方式：
1. 找一个室友合租
2. 不买最新款的手机，buy less frequently
3. Buy cheap foods and cook home(不要经常在外面吃)
Which way you will recommend to your friend and why?
思路：题目问推荐reduce living expense的方式，选找舍友合租。
三个分论点：
(1)找舍友合租省下的房租费远多于后两种;
(2)找舍友合租还可以在其他方面省钱，比如交通拼车啥的;
(3)让步，找舍友合租固然会有一些不便，但并不严重。
12月17日托福独立写作真题范文
托福写作范文参考：
(开头段：背景引入+他人观点+自己观点+过渡句)
Due to high level of consumptions, young people can usually find themselves stuck in financial deficit. In this case, how to cut down living expenses obviously become an important problem. Some say they may change their mobile phone in a much lower frequency while others propose that they are more willing to cook by themselves in order to save money. However, I consider renting an apartment with a roommate can be the best solution. My view point is based on the following reasons and examples.
(分论点1：分论点+展开句+论证)
To begin with, living with a roommate can help us save much more money than cutting down costs in buying new electric devices or cooking at home. The expense of house renting is higher than the money spending on eating stuff or purchasing mobile phone. Take the young working in Shanghai as an example. Renting fees in Shanghai can reach 5,000 RMB to 7000 RMB in average if young people want to live in some convenient districts rather than in some remote areas. If they find a roommate and get the rent shared, he or she can save at least 2,500 RMB per month. When it comes to saving money by stop buying new mobile phone or quitting eating outside, one may only save several hundred RMB one month. So it will be much more effective if one find a roommate to reduce his or her costs on renting than on cellphone or food.
(分论点2：分论点+展开句+论证)
In addition, living with another individual can not only lesson one’s financial pressure in renting fees, but also save money in other aspects. Roommates can share furniture or tools together. For example, when I was just graduate from university, I choose to rent with another girl. When we both moved into our new apartment from our dormitory, the first thing we need to deal with was to buy some necessary items such as cooking pot and sofa, for the house we rent was almost empty—there were only two beds in it. I felt very lucky that I decided to live with another girl rather than living by myself, because I had not to pay all the expenses of buying these equipment myself. Sharing those expenditure with my roommate effectively lessened my financial burden.
(让步段：承认漏洞，削弱其影响)
Admittedly, living with another person can lead to some problems. Sometimes, we may encounter with roommates who are quite annoying, like he or she may have several friends singing and dancing in her room till midnight, which will disturb us a lot. Different life style can result in a bad relationship between us and our roommates. Nevertheless, this kind of terrible situation can be prevented by carefully collecting information of our roommates before we make the decision of renting a house with him or her. If we deliberately choose the individual who own a similar living habit as ours, most of the unsat isfactory cases can be avoided ahead of time.
(结尾段：重述总论点+重述分论点)
To sum up, compared with keeping using old cellphone and cooking by ourselves, living with a roommate is the best solution when young people want to cut down their expenses. Having another people living with us can share renting fees as well as other various kinds of costs. Although it may lead to some inconvenience, we can effectively eliminate these drawbacks by observing and communicating with our potential roommates before we finally pick up the one we are most likely to get along well with.
篇8：托福独立写作审题技巧实例讲解
正确审题是写好一篇作文的基础，也永远是考生备考写作是急需解决的首要问题。造成审题出问题的原因有哪些?单词不认识、题目中限定词、特殊词没注意都是引起偏题、跑题的主要原因。
坦白来说，在新托福写作中，要想在题目中碰到不认识的单词，还真不是一件容易的事，因为新托福议论文的题目、话题或者说用词大都是“接地气”的，不会用一些高深的生僻词来出题，考生大可放心。当然，对于基础真的特别弱、词汇量匮乏的考生来说，这一点还是需要去重视的。那么，怎么解决这个问题呢?小编的建议是千万不要盲目去背各个话题的词汇，而是要有针对性地只背题目中应该会出现的词汇。到这儿，可能有同学会提出异议了，你怎么知道哪些词会在题目中出现、哪些词不会出现呢?这里需要指出的是，所有的海外考试都有一个共同的特点叫题库制，这个特点也催生了一个名词叫“机经”，即机考的经验。考生只需要去研究出题的规律即可大致知道每一场考试可能会考察的范围。当然，机经的重要性和神奇性不值得大肆宣扬，因为这个纯粹是概率学和运气的问题。回到问题的根本，怎样才能避免单词不认识，非常简单，既然考试的题是重复用的，那么考生只需要去总结近几年中国大陆和北美考过的真题，把这些题目过一遍就可以了，不认识的单词查一下背一下，都认识的话就不用花更多的时间了(注意这里考生只需要看题看单词，暂时还不用想这个题怎么写)。这样下来，首先就能保证考试中不会碰到没见过的单词。
审题除了单词还有哪些问题?
另外，小编也经常发现题目中的单词全都认识，但是考生还是写偏题的情况。分析下来了解到，根本问题还是出在看题不仔细，题目中的关键信息、限定词汇没有重视。例如：
In today's world,the ability to cooperate well with others is more important than before.Do you agree or disagree?
这个题目中的核心词汇包括cooperate以及than before。很多学生在行文过程中，都忽略了对before这个词的解读。全文都在谈如今合作有多么重要，而没有与过去为什么合作不那么重要进行对比。
再如:The car has had greater effect to society than the airplane has to.Do you agree or disagree?
以下对一位同学所写的段落进行分析：
First and foremost,there are more alternatives to cars. Automobile is a kind of short-distance transportation,which is used mostly in daily life but also cause some problem like traffic congestion.Therefore,in order to solve the serious traffic problem,the government implements a gamut of proposals,encouraging people to take other transportations,to name a few,railway,bus and subway.Subway,for specific example,was quickly accepted by the public and spectacularly convenient.Intensively developing in recent decades,the subway attracts more people attributes to its cheap price and,especially,punctuality.To compared,individuals should pay the cost of gasoline,parking and maintenance for their private cars,which is more expensive than a two dollars’ subway ticket.Also,another perk of subway is that passengers will never be saddle with the problem of traffic congestion because subway always has its own lane.As a result,more and more people have the tendency to choose subway over privet cars.On the contrary,as the only long-distance transportation,air-plane,as a monopoly in the sky,does not have any alternative recently and has a wider improving spectrum in the future.
大家可以看到，除了很多语言错误外，全段大篇幅在对subway进行描述，然而题目是需要考生将car和airplane进行对比。所以，写得再怎么多，都是不得分的，而因为这个问题失分，确实是特别可惜，又让人百思不得其解的。因此，小编建议大家拿到一个题目，先问自己一个问题，这个题目的话题词是什么?有没有对比信息?有没有限定词?并带着这些问题开始写作，这样才能避免写得多写得顺畅但是不得分的尴尬。
托福考试作文独立写作范文：了解跟你观点相反的人更重要
托福写作真题题目：
A/D: It is more important to read and watch news presented by people whose opinion is different from your own view than by people whose opinion are similar to yours.
写作参考一:
With the increasingly diverse means of acquiring information, it has become a common phenonmen that we are exposed to conflicting ideas about a single event, which has aroused deep social concern. A growing boday of average people are wondering whether it is more important to read and watch news presented by people whose opinion is different from your own view than by people whose opinion are similar to yours. From my pesepective, it is advisable to be a good listener to the different viewpoints.
Firstlly, receiving news presented by people with dissenting perspective can help people have access to the comprehensive information and get closer to the truth of the events. As is common sense, every single event or piece of news is not as simple as we expect. So it is an indisputable fact that nobody can have a panoramic view of the truth of the incidents due to the limited experience and knowledge span. In this case, gaining news from our opponents will definitely deliver a brandnew perspective and make us have a second thought of our own viewpoint. In other words, the clashes of different views will temper and refine our opinion about the events, with the result that a whole picture is formed. On the contrary, just selectively listening to the similar ideas, people will become narrow-minded.
Besides that, another potential benefit of obtaining news from those with opposite view is the higher likelihood to make acquaitance with more people. As is known to all, the way person responds to someone whose opinion differs drastically from theirs reveals their true character. To be specific, being tolerant of different voices about one thing reflects that a person is endowed with the quality of inclusiveness and humbility, which can make him/her leave a good impression on others. Consequently, no one, including those from opposing party, will refuse to become friends with humble and inclusive ones. Instead, those solely accepting same opinion are usually self-centered and arrogant so that they not consider others’ thought or feeling but impose their own opinion. Thus it is unlikely that they will build friendship with those with different ideas. Even worse, the alreadly established friendship may also end, once the disagreements occur.
In a nutshell, it is sensible for people to read or watch news from people with dissenting perspective, in order to gain the whole picture of the news and enlarge the social network.
写作参考二:
2016年8月27日托福独立写作范文二：With advent of new technological gadgets, like laptop, tablet and smart phones, people now have access to all sorts of news sources. In face of the overwhelming news sources, some people tend to watch news that present similar ideas with them, while other prefer to watch news with different perspectives and ideas. I, personally, think it is far better to watch news with distinctive opinions and viewpoints based on the following reasons.
First off, news from various sources are biased and it is quite irrational to read or watch news from a single source, actually it makes better sense to be exposed to news that provide different kinds of ideas. Even though it is very essential for news media to be fair and unbiased, nonetheless, in reality, most of the news media are biased and prejudiced. Part of the reasons is that the news sources can be various, like the government, independent institutions or even think tanks. Lots of media or news agencies use phrases like “expert believes”, “most people agree” or “observes argue that”, all of which are pretty much biased since “most people” is a slippery word. The people might not represent the majority of the people and lack of diversity in terms of race, gender and other demographic factors.
Additionally, being exposed to news with distinctive opinions and ideas can help people to develop critical thinking skills and thus have a fair and more justified stance on certain issues. People varying in past life experience, education background and economic conditions tend to have totally different opinions on certain issues. Having access to different ideas can broaden people's horizons and enrich one's experience. For instance, I took it for granted that every child at an appropriate age has the chance to go to primary school until I watched a documentary about the elementary school enrolment in the poverty-stricken region in my country. Their family can barely feed them and the local government has little educational resource to provide them proper education. This documentary totally changed my perspective on the primary school enrolment in hinterland.
In all, exposure to news with different perspectives has lot of benefits since news sources are generally biased, and by watching news with different opinions we can have a much more fair and clear view. (Words：381, By Meng, Yan WECHAT: KICKASSTOEFL)
托福考试作文独立写作范文：你的工作要比你的社交生活对幸福影响更大
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:
Your job has a greater effect on one’s overall happiness than your social life does.
2016年9月24日托福独立写作真题
Your job has more effects on happiness than your social life does.
题目大意： 你的工作要比你的社交生活对幸福影响更大。此题目涉及到抽象词“幸福”，可能小伙伴们会觉得有些难度，如果大家了解马斯洛的需求层次理论的话，本题目并不难，波波建议大家选择，两者对于幸福有同样的作用，因为工作满足了我们的物质需求，而社交生活满足了我们的社交需求。
写作参考一:
There is no denying that happiness originates in the acts of meeting people's various needs. Nowadays some people claim that happiness is more affected by the job they owned than their social life. This is a popular misunderstanding. As far as I am concerned, social life and jobs have the equal role in making people feel happy, because they can respectively satisfy people's different needs.
On the one hand, a decent and well-paid job can provide us with a large amount of money, which could fulfill our material needs and improve our living standards. For example, with adequate financial resources we can live in a spacious and well-decorated house with six bedrooms and eight restrooms. We can travel around the world and visit the Forbidden City inChina, the Liberty Statue inAmericaand the Big Ben inBritain. In addition, such a good deal of money enables us to keep fit by having nutritious diet and mineral water transferred from the water source. Meanwhile, we can hire a personal doctor around the clock in case of any emergence of disease. We do not have to wait for a long time by standing in the long and crowed lines of patients in hospitals. All these things will definitely make us feel happy.
On the other hand, the important role of social life in helping us attain happiness can not be ignored. Confucius, one of the greatest philosophers and educators inChina, once remarked that it is a pleasant thing to meet with a friend from afar, which indicates that friendship is another source of happiness. Participation in social activities will enlarge our social circle and make us make acquaintance with more people. For example, if you are a bookworm, you can take part in readers' association where you will encounter a lot people who share a common interest. Chatting and talking with them will help form a deep friendship and make you have a better mood. The reason underlying the above example is that your need of communicating with others is met by participating in social life.
In conclusion, since happiness depends on the fulfillment of one's need, social life and jobs combines together to make us happy. It is an exaggeration to say that your job has more effects on happiness than your social life.
写作参考二:
People tend to have different expectations out of a job, like personal satisfaction, higher pay, respect, and social recognition. Some people are so dedicated to their jobs that they barely have something fun life, while others tend to seek happiness outside of their professional life. Personally, I think my job has a greater impact on my overall happiness than my social life based on the following reasons.
First off, for professionals, especially newly minted college graduates, a job can provide them a great sense of satisfaction. When holding a job, one feels that he or she assumes great responsibility and has something offer back to the community regardless of ones’ positions, be it cashier, janitor, professor or even business managers. For instance, an Executive Officer can help to create jobs that benefit lots of people; chefs can create a new dish and release his creativity, at the same time customers will be amazed by his new dish; a professor gets a great sense of accomplishment when he imparts knowledge to his students or comes up a groundbreaking finding in a certain academic field. Though the happiness and satisfaction can be subtle in a working environment, nonetheless, it can be very contagious and eventually makes someone a satisfied person in life.
Additionally, holding a job can offer someone monetary incentive and it can also be an important source of motivation and happiness. Without a decent salary one cannot afford the daily necessities like paying rent, covering living expense, like utility bills, internet bills, to say nothing about living a comfortable life. A recent study on the correlation between monetary compensation and employee satisfactions published by Harvard Business Review suggests that higher financial reward affords great happiness in a working environment. Indeed, the monetary reward from the job can make someone very happy and give them a sense of achievement. With the salary, a young adult can have some disposable income and thus be more financially independent, buy things they like or take a trip somewhere.
In conclusion, a job can provide more happiness than one’s social life since career opportunities provide people a great sense of satisfaction and the monetary incentive associated with jobs can also be an important source of motivation and happiness.
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