GRE阅读看文章速度慢2大原因深度分析(整理7篇)由网友“最爱旺仔小馒头”投稿提供,下面小编给大家整理GRE阅读看文章速度慢2大原因深度分析,希望大家喜欢!
篇1:GRE阅读看文章速度慢2大原因深度分析
为何GRE阅读耗时惊人时间总是不足,小编认为主要有以下两个原因:
1. 阅读文章本身难度高话题冷门
GRE阅读耗时多,其篇幅是主要原因之一。一般来说,GRE长篇阅读字数往往在600字以上,比起短篇和逻辑阅读来说完全不是一个等级,而除了篇幅长以外,长篇阅读往往会选用一些大家比较陌生领域的文章内容,比如某些冷门的科技类或者文化类文章,假如考生缺乏这方面的知识和阅读量积累,就会发现文章晦涩难懂,想要理解困难重重。而部分长篇文章由于其选材问题,还常会带有大量陌生词汇,对词汇量有所欠缺的考生来说也是一个挑战。这些加在一起,就会给大家的阅读造成各种困难,时间消耗无形中就增加了许多。
2. 无法根据题目要求找到对应内容
GRE文章耗时的另一大原因在于解题,不同于短篇和逻辑阅读一篇阅读只会附带1-2题,长篇阅读的标准配置往往都是一篇文章带3-4题,而这些题目中有不少涉及文章细节,需要考生返回定位。而GRE阅读文章本身细节众多,考生如果在第一遍阅读时没有关注细节位置,想要返回寻找难度就会变得很高,有时候甚至无异于再读一遍文章,这其中的时间消耗只能用浪费来形容。
GRE阅读提升阅读速度3个方法介绍
既然知道了原因,大家就需要了解可以缩短GRE阅读耗时的方法了,下面3个要点考生需要做好:
1. 积累阅读经验提升背景知识
既然耗时问题首先出在文章本身,那么考生需要做的就是从自身阅读能力出发进行提升。假如考生是因为缺乏阅读量和知识面的积累而对GRE阅读有陌生感,那么最好的方法就是在平时练习中多加入一些阅读方面的练习。练习内容可以不拘泥于GRE考试题目本身,大家不妨看一下原版的权威英语读物,比如《科学美国人》、《经济学人》等来逐步提升自己对原版文章的熟悉程度,适应GRE阅读文章的写法风格,对不同类型的文章内容和知识也能有所了解,通过这种方式来让自己的阅读能力得到提升。
2. 训练准确返回找到原文的能力
除了积累阅读量外,考生还需要根据考试要求学习一些应试方面的技巧。针对GRE阅读解题过程中的耗时问题,小编建议大家主要练好标记定位技巧。大家在阅读文章过程中,不能只把关注点放在读懂文章上,对于各个可能成为出题点的细节部分,考生要学会主动进行标记,在考场提供的草稿上大致记录下其所在位置,以便之后遭遇题目时能够第一时间精准定位找到原文。这种做法看似会消耗额外的时间,但实际上却能帮助考生节约下二次阅读所耗费的巨量时间,减低时间损耗,提升解题效率。
3. 主动记录可能用来出题的关键信息
另外,GRE阅读中,常会出现一些关键词或者特定数字。这些内容既有可能是出题关键,也有可能只是干扰信息。而无论是哪种,小编希望大家都能培养出对这些内容的敏感性,并适当记录其位置。假如在之后的题目中出现了涉及到这些内容的题目,大家也能更有效率地进行解答,而不是再次返回文章大海捞针般地重新寻找。
GRE阅读的耗时问题能否顺利解决将直接关系到考生在阅读部分的最终得分,因此大家一定不能忽视这个问题。在规定时间内顺利完成GRE阅读,不仅可以有效提升大家的解题效率,而能帮助考生更好地把握整体答题节奏,为完成整场考试取得高分打好基础。
GRE阅读练习每日一篇
The stratospheric ozone layer is not a completely uniform stratum, nor does it occur at the same altitude around the globe. It lies closest to the Earth over the poles and rises to maximum altitude over the equator. In the stratosphere, ozone is continuously being made and destroyed by natural processes. During the day the Sun breaks down some of the oxygen molecules to single oxygen atoms, and these reacting with the oxygen molecules that have not been dissociated, form ozone. However, the sunlight also breaks down ozone by converting some of it back to normal oxygen. In addition naturally occurring nitrogen oxides enter into the cycle and speed the breakdown reactions. The amount of ozone present at any one time is the balance between the processes that create it and those that destroy it.
Since the splitting of the oxygen molecules depends directly upon the intensity of solar radiation, the greatest rate of ozone production occurs over the tropics. However ozone is also destroyed most rapidly there, and wind circulation patterns carry the ozone-enriched upper layers of the atmosphere away from the equator. It turns out that the largest total ozone amounts are found at high latitudes. On a typical day the amount of ozone over Minnesota, for example, is 30 percent greater than the amount over Texas, 900 miles farther south. The density and altitude of the ozone layer also change with the seasons, the weather, and the amount of solar activity. Nevertheless, at any one place above the Earth’s surface, the long-term averages maintained by natural processes are believed to be reasonably constant.
The amount of ozone near the Earth is only a small percent of the amount in the stratosphere, and exchange of molecules between the ozone layer and the air at ground level is thought to be relatively small. Furthermore, the ozone molecule is so unstable that only a tiny fraction of ground-level ozone could survive the long trip to the stratosphere, so the ozone layer will not be replenished to any significant degree by the increasing concentrations of ozone that have been detected in recent years near the earth’s surface. The long-term averages of ozone both near ground level (ground level: n.[地质]地水准平面) and in the stratosphere are regulated by continuous processes that are constantly destroying and creating it in each of these places. This is why scientists are so concerned about human beings injection into the stratosphere of chemicals like nitrogen oxides, which are catalysts that facilitate the breakdown of ozone. If the ozone layer is depleted significantly, more ultraviolet radiation would penetrate to the Earth’s surface and damage many living organisms.
17. The passage suggests that factors contributing to the variation in the amount of ozone above different areas of the Earth’s surface include which of the following?
I. Some of the ozone found at higher latitudes was produced elsewhere.
II. There is usually a smaller amount of naturally occurring nitrogen oxide over high latitudes.
III. The rate of ozone production over the poles is less than that over the tropics.
(A) II only
(B) III only
(C) I and II only
(D) I and III only
(E) I, II, and III
18. Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?
(A) Naturally occurring nitrogen oxides, as well as those introduced by humans, threaten to deplete the layer of ozone in the stratosphere.
(B) A delicate but reasonably constant balance exists between the natural processes that produce and those that destroy ozone in the stratosphere.
(C) There is little hope that the increased concentrations of ground-level ozone observed in recent years can offset any future depletion of stratospheric ozone.
(D) Meteorologically induced changes in the concentration of ozone in the stratosphere tend to cancel themselves out over a period of time.
(E) Solar radiation not only produces and destroys zone but also poses a hazard to human life.
19. The processes that determine the amount of ozone in a given portion of the stratosphere most resemble which of the following?
(A) Automobile emissions and seasonal fog that create a layer of smog over a city
(B) Planting and harvesting activities that produce a crop whose size is always about the same
(C) Withdrawals and deposits made in a bank account whose average balance remains about the same
(D) Assets and liabilities that determine the net worth of a corporation
(E) High grades and low grades made by a student whose average remains about the same from term to term
20. According to the passage, which of the following has the LEAST effect on the amount of ozone at a given location in the upper atmosphere?
(A) Latitude
(B) Weather
(C) Season
(D) Ground-level ozone
(E) Solar activity
21. The author provides information that answers which of the following questions?
I. What is the average thickness of the stratospheric ozone layer?
II. Why does increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation damage many living organisms?
III. What is the role of oxygen in the production of stratospheric zone?
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II
(E) II and III
22. In explaining what determines the amount of ozone in the stratosphere, the author describes natural processes that form
(A) an interactive relationship
(B) a reductive system
(C) a linear progression
(D) a set of randomly occurring phenomena
(E) a set of sporadically recurring events
Feelings of hopelessness among medieval workers trapped in the poverty cycle gradually lessened as it became possible for women’s labor to supplement a family’s money income by more than pennies. By 1300, women spinners could be found working on their own (on one's own: adv.独自地, 独立地, 主动地) for wealthy sponsors, even after the introduction in Italy and France of prohibition against advancing money for supplies to women spinners. Historians have usually interpreted this prohibition simply as evidence of women’s economic subjection, since it obliged them to turn to usurers; however, it was also almost certainly a response to a trend toward differential reward for women’s higher skill. Yarn can be spun irregularly and lumpily, but perfectly smooth yarn is worth more. Working for merchant entrepreneurs on time rates, women had been paid hardly more than children; working as entrepreneurs themselves and producing good work by the piece, they could break into (to make entry or entrance into “broke into the house” “break into show business”) the rational system of differential rewards.
23. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) propose and defend a theory about the consequences of a certain historical event
(B) present historical facts and offer a broader interpretation of those facts than has been offered in the past
(C) describe the socioeconomic effects of a widely held attitude during a particular historical period
(D) demonstrate the superiority of using an economic approach to historical analysis
(E) call attention to the influence of the textile industry on society during a particular historical period
24. It can be inferred from the passage that the author views the system of paying all workers equally on time rates as
(A) unfair and not rational
(B) undesirable but unavoidable
(C) efficient and profitable
(D) advantageous to most women workers
(E) evidence of a trend toward a more modern wage system
25. The passage implies which of the following about women spinners in medieval Europe?
(A) Most of them worked independently for wealthy sponsors.
(B) They were not typical of medieval women entrepreneurs.
(C) Some of them were paid for their work after it was done, according to its value.
(D) They would have been able to contribute substantial amounts to their families incomes were it not for the prohibition against advancing money to them.
(E) They were inevitably disadvantaged in the marketplace because they were obliged to obtain money for their supplies from usurers.
26. The passage implies that feelings of hopelessness among medieval workers
(A) resulted primarily from the lack of a rational system of differential rewards
(B) disappeared completely once medieval textile workers were able to break the cycle of poverty
(C) were more prevalent among female workers than among male workers
(D) came into being in part because of women’s limited earning capacity
(E) were particularly common among textile workers in Italy and France
27. The author suggests that historians have done which of the following?
(A) Failed to give adequate consideration to the economic contribution of women during the medieval period.
(B) Overestimated the degree of hopelessness experienced by medieval workers trapped in the poverty cycle.
(C) Ignored the fact that by 1300 many women spinners were working independently rather than for merchant entrepreneurs.
(D) Regard the economic status of women in Italy and France as representative of women’s status throughout medieval Europe.
(E) Overlooked part of the significance of a prohibition governing one aspect of yarn production in medieval Europe.
答案:17-27:DBCDCABACDE
GRE阅读长难句中译英练习
66. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.
67. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.”
68. The grand mediocrity of today--everyone being the same in survival and number of off-spring--means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribe.
69. When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.
70. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right--it can hardly be classed as Literature.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
66.[参考译文]审查者完全有理由相信,知道自己准备做什么、怎么做的科学家不应该因为必须一只眼盯着收银机,一只眼盯着显微镜而分散了注意力。
67.[参考译文]如果科学家对标准式样的整齐划一的要求就像他论文的写作所反映的一样,那么管理层就不该因歧视研究者中的“思维与众不同的人”,喜欢其中较为传统的“善于团队合作”的思想者而受到指责了。
68.[参考译文]当今人与人在很大程度上的平等--即面对自然淘汰法则人人机会均等,并且连子嗣的数目都一样--意味着和在印度土著部落中的情况相比,印度中上层阶级中已丧失了80%的自然选择中的优势。
69.[参考译文]当艺术领域的一个新运动发展成某种流行时尚时,最好应该弄清这场运动倡导者的真正意图,因为,不管他们的原则在今天看来多么牵强无理,很可能多年以后他们的理论会被视为正常。
70.[参考译文]然而就未来主义诗歌来说,情况则不这么简单了,因为不管未来主义诗歌是什么--就算承认它赖以存在的理论基础都是正确的--这种形式也很难被归入文学。
篇2:GRE阅读看文章速度慢原因分析
为何GRE阅读耗时惊人时间总是不足,小编认为主要有以下两个原因:
1. 阅读文章本身难度高话题冷门
GRE阅读耗时多,其篇幅是主要原因之一。一般来说,GRE长篇阅读字数往往在600字以上,比起短篇和逻辑阅读来说完全不是一个等级,而除了篇幅长以外,长篇阅读往往会选用一些大家比较陌生领域的文章内容,比如某些冷门的科技类或者文化类文章,假如考生缺乏这方面的知识和阅读量积累,就会发现文章晦涩难懂,想要理解困难重重。而部分长篇文章由于其选材问题,还常会带有大量陌生词汇,对词汇量有所欠缺的考生来说也是一个挑战。这些加在一起,就会给大家的阅读造成各种困难,时间消耗无形中就增加了许多。
2. 无法根据题目要求找到对应内容
GRE文章耗时的另一大原因在于解题,不同于短篇和逻辑阅读一篇阅读只会附带1-2题,长篇阅读的标准配置往往都是一篇文章带3-4题,而这些题目中有不少涉及文章细节,需要考生返回定位。而GRE阅读文章本身细节众多,考生如果在第一遍阅读时没有关注细节位置,想要返回寻找难度就会变得很高,有时候甚至无异于再读一遍文章,这其中的时间消耗只能用浪费来形容。
GRE阅读提升阅读速度3个方法介绍
既然知道了原因,大家就需要了解可以缩短GRE阅读耗时的方法了,下面3个要点考生需要做好:
1. 积累阅读经验提升背景知识
既然耗时问题首先出在文章本身,那么考生需要做的就是从自身阅读能力出发进行提升。假如考生是因为缺乏阅读量和知识面的积累而对GRE阅读有陌生感,那么最好的方法就是在平时练习中多加入一些阅读方面的练习。练习内容可以不拘泥于GRE考试题目本身,大家不妨看一下原版的权威英语读物,比如《科学美国人》、《经济学人》等来逐步提升自己对原版文章的熟悉程度,适应GRE阅读文章的写法风格,对不同类型的文章内容和知识也能有所了解,通过这种方式来让自己的阅读能力得到提升。
2. 训练准确返回找到原文的能力
除了积累阅读量外,考生还需要根据考试要求学习一些应试方面的技巧。针对GRE阅读解题过程中的耗时问题,小编建议大家主要练好标记定位技巧。大家在阅读文章过程中,不能只把关注点放在读懂文章上,对于各个可能成为出题点的细节部分,考生要学会主动进行标记,在考场提供的草稿上大致记录下其所在位置,以便之后遭遇题目时能够第一时间精准定位找到原文。这种做法看似会消耗额外的时间,但实际上却能帮助考生节约下二次阅读所耗费的巨量时间,减低时间损耗,提升解题效率。
3. 主动记录可能用来出题的关键信息
另外,GRE阅读中,常会出现一些关键词或者特定数字。这些内容既有可能是出题关键,也有可能只是干扰信息。而无论是哪种,小编希望大家都能培养出对这些内容的敏感性,并适当记录其位置。假如在之后的题目中出现了涉及到这些内容的题目,大家也能更有效率地进行解答,而不是再次返回文章大海捞针般地重新寻找。
GRE阅读的耗时问题能否顺利解决将直接关系到考生在阅读部分的最终得分,因此大家一定不能忽视这个问题。在规定时间内顺利完成GRE阅读,不仅可以有效提升大家的解题效率,而能帮助考生更好地把握整体答题节奏,为完成整场考试取得高分打好基础。
GRE阅读高频词汇分享
Woodland 森林
Abnormality 反常,畸形
Abundance 丰富
Accumulation 积聚,累计
Acoustic 听觉的
Adherence 固守
Admiration 钦佩,赞赏
Advection 水平对流
Aggregate 聚集物
Algae 藻类
Ally 关联;与…联系起来
Alternate 交替;交替的,轮流的
Alumina 氧化铝
Amorphous 非结晶的;没有确定形态的
Anecdotal 非科学的
Antiwar 反战的
Appropriately 恰当地
Aristocracy 贵族阶级
Artificially 人工地
Artwork 艺术品
Assortment (包含多种东西的)集合
Authoritative 权威性的
Breakthrough 突破
Cellular 细胞的
Characterization 人物刻画
Chorus 合唱队,合唱
Commentator 评论家
Commonplace平凡的,寻常的
Comparable 可比较的
Complementary 互补的,补充的
Complication 复杂
Conserve 保存
Continuation 延续
Continuously 不断地
Contrive 设法做到;设计
Cortex 皮层
Craftsmanship 手艺
Crater 陨石坑
Creativity 创造力
Creek 小湾,小溪
Decompose 分解
Demographic 人口统计学的
Depletion 消耗
Deprive 剥夺
GRE阅读高频词汇分享
Positron 阳电子,正电子
Potent 有效力的
Precursor 前体;先驱,前任
Proximity 接近,邻近
Psychiatrist 精神病学家
Reasonably 适度地,合理地
Recording 录音;唱片
Recount 叙述
Reevaluate 重新评估
Reliably 确实地,可靠地
Remarkably 非常地,相当地
Rhetorical 修辞的
Semantic 语义的
Sequential 连续的
Settler 模拟
Skeletal 骨骼的
Societal 社会的
Sociologist 社会学家
Soprano 最高音部
Spectrum 频谱;光谱
Speculative 推理的
Subsequently 随后
Subsurface 地表下的岩石
Successor 继承者,继任者
Suppliant 恳求的,哀求的
Suppression 抑制
Susceptible 易受感染的,多愁善感的
Symbolic 象征的
Symmetrical 对称的
Systematically 有系统地
Tannin 单宁酸
Tentacle 触角
Terminology 术语
Tranquility平静
Unacceptable 不能接受的
Unaware 不知道的,没有意识到的
Underwater 水下的
Unequivocally 明确地,确定地
Universality 普遍性,一般性
Utopian 乌托邦式的,空想的
Verse 诗
Veto 否决
Visionary 梦想着,空想家
Voter 投票人
篇3:雅思阅读速度慢的原因分析
雅思阅读速度慢的原因分析及速度要求
雅思阅读,你为什么读得慢?
弄清楚问题的原因,我们才能”对症下药“,下面同学们自我诊断一下,找出读得慢的原因。这些小毛病,你中了几个?
一个词都不放过,逐字逐句地读;
被一个陌生单词拦截,看到不会的单词就停下来;
念紧箍咒式的默念默读;
强迫症型,想完全理解每个字、每句话的意思;
一个句子读2、3遍;
入戏太深,对文章的观点想得太深入、太多;
有的小伙伴不幸全中!是你吗?捂脸的小伙伴,注意了,读的太慢有害身心哦!不信你看:
阅读太慢带来的问题
有时候,慢读是必要的,而且很重要,但一味慢读就会造成一些问题:
读不完文章,考试无法完成;
时间快用完时,带来紧张等负面情绪;
浪费时间在一些无法带给你正确答案的文章内容上;
考前做阅读练习时,花费很长时间读不完一篇文章;
如何提高雅思阅读速度
(一) 略读 粗略地阅读语言材料的面式读法。通过略读获取雅思阅读材料的主要内容和大意。快速阅读时,训练学生略读文章标题判断预测主要内容。略读首尾段、首尾句了解文章大意。
(二)跳读 带着明确目的寻找特定信息,忽略无关内容的点式阅读。跳读适用于细节检索式问题。SEFC阅读课前的问题常可以用来训练跳读技巧。
如:Look Carefully and Learn (SB1A L6)
How did the students feel after they tasted the mixture?
首先归纳出问题的要点: How, students ,feel,
然后要求学生目光蛇形下移在规定的时间内在文章中检索出答案:
Instead of smiling, each of them made a face. The mixture tasted terrible.
(三)组读 以意群为单位,一组一组视读。边读边理解。减少眼停次数,缩短“眼脑直映”时间。
(四)记忆 阅读语言材料时,熟记文中的重要事实,情节是提高雅思阅读速度的重要手段。边读边忘,便无法深入全面理解材料。回视,重读等不良阅读习惯会随之出现。加强记忆能力的训练可以通过背诵重点句型、段落主题句、课文主要段落、结论,也可以在规定的时间之内要求学生阅读一段文章,然后复述该段文章的主要内容。
以上就是雅思阅读速度慢的原因分析及速度要求的全部内容,我们可以看出,雅思阅读速度提不上去的原因究其根本还是被一些单词所绊住或者在没有理解题干考察要点情况下的盲目地阅读。一句话说,要么就是就是没有搞清楚阅读的目的,要么就是阅读能力不够,不能理解大部分文章导致读起来吃力。
雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析
Felicity Lawrence
Thursday December 28,
The Guardian
1. Consumers are to be presented with two rival new year advertising campaigns as the Food Standards Agency goes public in its battle with the industry over the labelling of unhealthy foods.
2. The Guardian has learned that the FSA will launch a series of 10-second television adverts in January telling shoppers how to follow a red, amber and green traffic light labelling system on the front of food packs, which is designed to tackle Britain’s obesity epidemic.
3. The campaign is a direct response to a concerted attempt by leading food manufacturers and retailers, including Kellogg’s and Tesco, to derail the system. The industry fears that traffic lights would demonise entire categories of foods and could seriously damage the market for those that are fatty, salty or high in sugar.
4. The UK market for breakfast cereals is worth £1.27bn a year and the manufacturers fear it will be severely dented if red light labels are put on packaging drawing attention to the fact that the majority are high in salt and/or sugar.
5. The industry is planning a major marketing campaign for a competing labelling system which avoids colour-coding in favour of information about the percentage of “guideline daily amounts” (GDAs) of fat, salt and sugar contained in their products.
6. The battle for the nation’s diet comes as new rules on television advertising come into force in January which will bar adverts for unhealthy foods from commercial breaks during programmes aimed at children. Sources at the TV regulators are braced for a legal challenge from the industry and have described the lobbying efforts to block any new ad ban or colour-coded labelling as “the most ferocious we’ve ever experienced”.
7. Ofcom’s chief executive, Ed Richards, said: “We are prepared to face up to any legal action from the industry, but we very much hope it will not be necessary.” The FSA said it was expecting an onslaught from the industry in January. Senior FSA officials said the manufacturers’ efforts to undermine its proposals on labelling could threaten the agency’s credibility.
8. Terrence Collis, FSA director of communications, dismissed claims that the proposals were not based on science. “We have some of the most respected scientists in Europe, both within the FSA and in our independent advisory committees. It is unjustified and nonsensical to attack the FSA’s scientific reputation and to try to undermine its credibility.”
9. The FSA is understood to have briefed its ad agency, United, before Christmas, and will aim to air ads that are “non-confrontational, humorous and factual” as a counterweight to industry’s efforts about the same time. The agency, however, will have a tiny fraction of the budget available to the industry.
10. Gavin Neath, chairman of Unilever UK and president of the Food and Drink Federation, has said that the industry has made enormous progress but could not accept red “stop” signs on its food.
11. Alastair Sykes, chief executive of Nestlé UK, said that under the FSA proposals all his company’s confectionery and most of its cereals would score a red. “Are we saying people shouldn’t eat confectionery? We’re driven by consumers and what they want, and much of what we do has been to make our products healthier,” he said.
12. Chris Wermann, director of communications at Kellogg’s, said: “In principle we could never accept traffic light labelling.”
13. The rival labelling scheme introduced by Kellogg’s, Danone, Unilever, Nestlé, Kraft and Tesco and now favoured by 21 manufacturers, uses an industry-devised system based on identifying GDAs of key nutrients. Tesco says it has tested both traffic lights and GDA labels in its stores and that the latter increased sales of healthier foods.
14. But the FSA said it could not live with this GDA system alone because it was “not scientific” or easy for shoppers to understand at a glance.
Questions 1-6
Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
1. When will instructions be given on reading the color-coded labels?
2. Where can customers find the red light labels?
3. What problem is the FSA trying to handle with the labeling system?
4. Which product sells well but may not be healthy?
5. What information, according to the manufacturers, can be labeled on products?
6. What can not be advertised during children’s programmes?
雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析
Questions 7-13
Use the information in the text to match the people (listed A-E) with the opinions (listed 7-13) below. Write the appropriate letter (A-E) for questions 1-7.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
A Ed Richard
B Terrence Collis
C Gavin Neath
D Alastair Sykes
E Chris Wermann
7. Generally we will not agree to use the red light labels.
8. It is unreasonable to doubt if FSA is trustworthy.
9. We are trying to meet our consumers’ needs.
10. The food industry has been improving greatly.
11. The color-coded labeling system is scientific.
12. Our products will be labeled unhealthy by the FSA.
13. We are ready to confront the manufacturers.
Answer keys:
1. 答案:(in) January (见第2段:The Guardian has learned that the FSA will launch a series of 10-second television adverts in January telling shoppers how to follow a red, amber and green traffic light labelling system on the front of food packs, which is designed to tackle Britain’s obesity epidemic.)
2. 答案:food packs/packaging (见第2段:The Guardian has learned that the FSA will launch a series of 10-second television adverts in January telling shoppers how to follow a red, amber and green traffic light labelling system on the front of food packs, which is designed to tackle Britain’s obesity epidemic. 或者在第4段中也提到另一个答案:The UK market for breakfast cereals is worth £1.27bn a year and the manufacturers fear it will be severely dented if red light labels are put on packaging drawing attention to the fact that the majority are high in salt and/or sugar.)
3. 答案:(Britain’s) obesity epidemic (见第2段:The Guardian has learned that the FSA will launch a series of 10-second television adverts in January telling shoppers how to follow a red, amber and green traffic light labelling system on the front of food packs, which is designed to tackle Britain’s obesity epidemic.)
4. 答案:(breakfast) cereals (见第4段:The UK market for breakfast cereals is worth £1.27bn a year and the manufacturers fear it will be severely dented if red light labels are put on packaging drawing attention to the fact that the majority are high in salt and/or sugar.)
5. 答案:guieline daily amounts/GDAs (见第5段:The industry is planning a major marketing campaign for a competing labelling system which avoids colour-coding in favour of information about the percentage of “guideline daily amounts” (GDAs) of fat, salt and sugar contained in their products.)
6. 答案:unhealthy foods (见第6段第1句:The battle for the nation’s diet comes as new rules on television advertising come into force in January which will bar adverts for unhealthy foods from commercial breaks during programmes aimed at children.)
7. 答案:E (见第12段:Chris Wermann, director of communications at Kellogg’s, said: “In principle we could never accept traffic light labelling.” )
8. 答案:B (见第8段最后一句:It is unjustified and nonsensical to attack the FSA’s scientific reputation and to try to undermine its credibility.)
9. 答案:D (见第11段最后1句:We’re driven by consumers and what they want, and much of what we do has been to make our products healthier.)
10. 答案:C (见第10段:Gavin Neath, chairman of Unilever UK and president of the Food and Drink Federation, has said that the industry has made enormous progress but could not accept red “stop” signs on its food.)
11. 答案:B (见第8段:Terrence Collis, FSA director of communications, dismissed claims that the proposals were not based on science. “We have some of the most respected scientists in Europe, both within the FSA and in our independent advisory committees. It is unjustified and nonsensical to attack the FSA’s scientific reputation and to try to undermine its credibility.”)
12. 答案:D (见第11段第1句:Alastair Sykes, chief executive of Nestlé UK, said that under the FSA proposals all his company’s confectionery and most of its cereals would score a red.)
13. 答案:A (见第7段第1句:Ofcom’s chief executive, Ed Richards, said: “We are prepared to face up to any legal action from the industry, but we very much hope it will not be necessary.”)
雅思阅读速度慢的原因分析及速度要求
篇4:托福阅读学术性文章2大结构分析
学术性文章的自然段落,一般需要具备两个组成部分:
(1) Topic Sentence 主旨句:表达段落的主旨,即本段想要表达的核心内容是什么。
(2) Detail 细节:为了详细说明段落中心含义,所罗列的相关支持内容,即本段通过哪些例证来阐明主旨句。
Topic Sentence主旨句 + Detail细节,这两个要素加起来就是标准学术论文体的“TS+D段落结构”。托福文章段落大都遵循这种结构,我们通过段落主旨句就可以把握该段的中心含义。
托福(TOEFL)考试阅读模拟试题
Hormones in the Body
Up to the beginning of the twentieth century, the nervous system was thought to control all communication within the body and the resulting integration of behavior. Scientists had determined that nerves ran, essentially, on electrical impulses. These impulses were thought to be the engine for thought, emotion, movement, and internal processes such as digestion. However, experiments by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling on the chemical secretin, which is produced in the small intestine when food enters the stomach, eventually challenged that view. From the small intestine, secretin travels through the bloodstream to the pancreas. There, it stimulates the release of digestive chemicals. In this fashion, the intestinal cells that produce secretin ultimately regulate the production of different chemicals in a different organ, the pancreas.
Such a coordination of processes had been thought to require control by the nervous system; Bayliss and Starling showed that it could occur through chemicals alone. This discovery spurred Starling to coin the term hormone to refer to secretin, taking it from the Greek word hormon, meaning “to excite” or “to set in motion.” A hormone is a chemical produced by one tissue to make things happen elsewhere.
As more hormones were discovered, they were categorized, primarily according to the process by which they operated on the body. Some glands (which make up the endocrine system) secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Such glands include the thyroid and the pituitary. The exocrine system consists of organs and glands that produce substances that are used outside the bloodstream, primarily for digestion. The pancreas is one such organ, although it secretes some chemicals into the blood and thus is also part of the endocrine system.
Much has been learned about hormones since their discovery. Some play such key roles in regulating bodily processes or behavior that their absence would cause immediate death. The most abundant hormones have effects that are less obviously urgent but can be more far-reaching and difficult to track: They modify moods and affect human behavior, even some behavior we normally think of as voluntary. Hormonal systems are very intricate. Even minute amounts of the right chemicals can suppress appetite, calm aggression, and change the attitude of a parent toward a child. Certain hormones accelerate the development of the body, regulating growth and form; others may even define an individual's personality characteristics. The quantities and proportions of hormones produced change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.
In fact, some hormone therapies are already very common. A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age. Known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the treatment was also believed to prevent weakening of the bones. At least one study has linked HRT with a heightened risk of heart disease and certain types of cancer. HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots-dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels-will form. Some proponents of HRT have tempered their enthusiasm in the face of this new evidence, recommending it only to patients whose symptoms interfere with their abilities to live normal lives.
Human growth hormone may also be given to patients who are secreting abnormally low amounts on their own. Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it. Growth hormone affects not just physical size but also the digestion of food and the aging process. Researchers and family physicians tend to agree that it is foolhardy to dispense it in cases in which the risks are not clearly outweighed by the benefits.
27. The word engine in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) desire
(B) origin
(C) science
(D) chemical
28. The word it in the passage refers to
(A) secretin
(B) small intestine
(C) bloodstream
(D) pancreas
29. The word spurred in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) remembered
(B) surprised
(C) invented
(D) motivated
30. To be considered a hormone, a chemical produced in the body must
(A) be part of the digestive process
(B) influence the operations of the nervous system
(C) affect processes in a different part of the body
(D) regulate attitudes and behavior
31. The glands and organs mentioned in paragraph 3 are categorized according to
(A) whether scientists understand their function
(B) how frequently they release hormones into the body
(C) whether the hormones they secrete influence the aging process
(D) whether they secrete chemicals into the blood
Paragraph 3 is marked with an arrow [→]
32. The word key in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) misunderstood
(B) precise
(C) significant
(D) simple
33. The word minute in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) sudden
(B) small
(C) changing
(D) noticeable
34. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
(A) Most moods and actions are not voluntary because they are actually produced by the production of hormones in the body.
(B) Because the effects of hormones are difficult to measure, scientists remain unsure how far-reaching their effects on moods and actions are.
(C) When the body is not producing enough hormones, urgent treatment may be necessary to avoid psychological damage.
(D) The influence of many hormones is not easy to measure, but they can affect both people's psychology and actions extensively.
35. The word tempered in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) decreased
(B) advertised
(C) prescribed
(D) researched
36. Which patients are usually treated with growth hormone?
(A) Adults of smaller statue than normal
(B) Adults with strong digestive systems
(C) Children who are not at risk from the treatment
(D) Children who may remain abnormally small
37.Which of the following sentences explains the primary goal of hormone replacement therapy?
These sentences are highlighted in the passage.
(A) The quantities and proportions of hormones produced change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.
(B) A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age.
(C) HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots-dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels-will form.
(D) Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it.
38. Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.The body is a complex machine, however, and recent studies have called into question the wisdom of essentially trying to fool its systems into believing they aren't aging.Where would the sentence best fit?Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.
39. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
The class of chemicals called hormones was discovered by two researchers studying a substance produced in the small intestine.
Answer Choices
The term hormone is based on a Greek word that means “to excite” or “to set in motion.”Researchers are looking for ways to decrease the dangers of treatments with growth hormone so that more patients can benefit from it.
Hormones can be given artificially, but such treatments have risks and must be used carefully.Hormones can affect not only life processes such as growth but also behavior and emotion.
Scientists have discovered that not only the nervous system but also certain chemicals can affect bodily processes far from their points of origin.Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may increase the risk of blood clots and heart disease in middle-age women.
Answer Keys
Reading:
27. B
28. A
29. D
30. C
31. D
32. C
33. B
34. D
35. A
36. D
37. A
38. third square
39.1) Scientists have discovered that not only the nervous system….
2) Hormones can affect not only life processes…..
3) Researchers are looking for ways to decrease the dangers of ….
篇5:托福阅读学术性文章2大结构分析指点
在学术性文章中,一般需要具备三个组成部分:
(1)Topic 话题:即文章的主角是什么。比如讲解某个科学理论、研究某种社会现象,探讨某个历史事件;在托福文章中,这种导入性信息往往出现在篇首位置。考生可以根据篇首段信息对整篇文章所要讨论的核心内容有所了解。
(2)Aspects 方面:即将篇首的话题延伸拓展为若干个方面进行阐述说明。若话题为某个科学论点,则方面可能分为若干个支持论据;若话题为某种自然现象,则方面可能分为若干个内外成因;若话题为某个历史事件,则方面为几段发展时期。在托福阅读文章中,往往依照各个方面之间的层次关系,将各个方面拆分为若干个独立的自然段落,共同组成行文主体。
(3)Attitude态度:即文章的作者对于所讨论话题持怎样的态度。或是积极肯定,或是消极否定,或是保持中立。在托福阅读文章中,态度往往是被较多的淡化甚至有可能省略不提。
Topic话题 +Aspects方面 + Attitude态度,这三要素加起来就是标准学术论文体的“T+A+A篇章结构”。托福文章大都遵循这种结构,我们通过篇首段落信息来把控整个文章话题及大致讨论方向,再抓住文章的各个段落主旨,便可洞悉整个文章脉络和逻辑结构。
篇6:托福阅读学术性文章2大结构分析指点
学术性文章的自然段落,一般需要具备两个组成部分:
(1) Topic Sentence 主旨句:表达段落的主旨,即本段想要表达的核心内容是什么。
(2) Detail 细节:为了详细说明段落中心含义,所罗列的相关支持内容,即本段通过哪些例证来阐明主旨句。
Topic Sentence主旨句 + Detail细节,这两个要素加起来就是标准学术论文体的“TS+D段落结构”。托福文章段落大都遵循这种结构,我们通过段落主旨句就可以把握该段的中心含义。
托福阅读中出现频率最高的问题有哪些?
1.事实信息类问题。
问题说明:要求您识别文章中明确说明的事实信息。
示例:根据文章段落,以下哪些内容是关于 X 的正确说明?
2.错误事实信息类问题。
问题说明:要求您确定在 4 个答案选项中哪个是错误的,该错误选项的细节或观点并不存在于文章中或表达不当。
示例:作者在描述 X 时,提到以下所有内容,除了……
3.推断题。
问题说明:问题阅读完文章后,会要求您确定 4 种表述中哪个是作者试图暗示的内容。
示例:关于 X 可以做出以下哪些推断?
4.修辞目的题。
问题说明:您会被问及为何文章作者在某一特别位置或采用某一特别方式说明了某一条特别信息。
示例:作者为何提到 X?
5.词汇题.
问题说明:要求您根据文章回答 4 个答案选项中哪个选项在意思上最接近所选的词语或词组。
示例:文中的词语 X -=在意思上最接近……
6.指代题。
问题说明:文章中某一词语突出显示;要求您从 4 个答案选项中选择哪一个最准确地指代了突出显示的词语。
示例:文中的 X 词语指的是……
7.句子简化题。
问题说明:要求您选择一个与文中某个句子基本意思相同的句子。
示例:以下哪项最准确地表达了文中突出显示文字的基本信息?
8.句子插入题。
问题说明:您会看到一个新句子并被问及它最适合放在文章的哪个地方。
示例:【你将看到粗体显示的句子】该句最适合放在哪个地方?
9.文章总结题。
问题说明:要求您选择文章的主要观点,与文章次要观点或不包含的观点区分开来。
示例:哪三个选项表达了文章中最重要的观点?
10.填表题。
问题说明:向您提供一份根据文章信息已进行部分填写的表格,并要求您将表述内容与所提供的原文进行正确匹配。
示例:将表述内容与所提供的原文进行正确匹配。
托福阅读中的绝对词
在众多口口相传的做题技巧中,我想“绝对化表达不选”一定是出现频率很高的一条。我不知道最早的想出这条规律的前辈他说的原话是什么,我只知道经过这么多年的传承,很多人都被忽悠了。
我先举个栗子。
TPO当中有这么一道题,其中B选项里有个大大的best,很多人就在心里把这个选项枪毙了。是的,不凑巧,偏偏这就是正确答案。
Paragraph 1 indicates which of the following about ::Roman pottery::?
A Roman amphorae were of much higher quality overall than other Roman pottery.
B Roman pottery can .best. be appreciated when actual pieces are handled.
C Roman pottery declined slightly in quality when the use of fast wheels and kilns was introduced.
D Roman practical tableware spread more rapidly across the Mediterranean than amphorae did.
The pottery of ancient Romans is remarkable in several ways. .The high quality of Roman pottery is very easy to appreciate when handling actual pieces of tableware or indeed kitchenware and amphorae (the large jars used throughout the Mediterranean for the transport and storage of liquids, such as wine and oil). However, it is impossible to do justice to Roman wares on the page, even when words can be backed up by photographs and drawing. .Most Roman pottery is light and smooth to touch and very tough, although, like all pottery, it shatters if dropped on a hard surface. It is generally made with carefully selected and purified clay, worked to thin-walled and standardized shapes on a fast wheel and fired in a kiln (pottery oven) capable of ensuring a consistent finish. With handmade pottery, inevitably there are slight differences between individual vessels of the same design and occasional minor blemishes (flaws). But what strikes the eye and the touch most immediately and most powerfully with Roman pottery is its consistent high quality.
这个题目相关的句子我已经加粗标记了,这句话比较明显的有一个逻辑连接词however,所以对比的意思非常的明确。而四个选项里也有三个都表现了对比,而这三个选项在内容上还都集中在标红那一段。所以这个题目来势汹汹其实一点都不难,错误选项迷惑度低,但让人遗憾的是,这道题错误率很高。而且大多数学生是在这样的一种情况下错的:我知道我选的不太对,但我不知道选什么。但是大家又都坚定地认为B选项里面的BEST太过于绝对,坚决不选。
其实标记的句子写得很清楚,……is very easy to appreciate……However, it is impossible to do……我先大致翻译一下这句话:罗马的瓷器的高品质在你亲手碰触到实物的时候是很容易感受的,但是通过图片就不可能做出公正的评价。这句话中两者对比语气很强烈,语意也很清楚,就是想表达罗马瓷器你要把玩实物才能感受它的高品质,就是handling actual pieces好,page不好。
B选项是很合适的。
对于这种大段落考查细节题的情况,同学们往往会紧张,越紧张越慌乱,什么都找不到。其实我们仔细分析一下这段话,第一句总起,说罗马瓷器在很多方面都很出众。然后就是一个大对比,表明它的好的好是图片表现不了的,你得亲手去感触。再往下就是关于它如何好更细致的内容了。在更细节的内容里,还有一个对比,.like all pottery, it shatters if dropped on a hard surface. .这也就是第二题的答案出处。
其实ETS还是比较套路滴,第一段的后半部分中有大量关于罗马瓷器的细节描述,这种情况下最容易出EXCEPT的题目,而第二题的答案句也不是意外的落在一个对比表达上。给大家附上第二题哈:
All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 1 as characteristics of Roman pottery EXCEPT:
A It was usually made with high-quality clay.
B It generally did not weigh much.
C It did not break as easily as other ancient pottery.
D It sometimes had imperfections.
我平时没事儿的时候喜欢把TPO的文章拿出来细细地读,然后跟题目进行对比,有些文章类型,题目简直就是固定搭配。后来我再做真题或者新的TPO,我都先猜一猜这个段落会怎么出题,我也会直接通过看题目,直接猜答案,结果竟然八九不离十。不是在炫技,也不是教大家投机取巧,是觉得多多分析文章的结构对做题目帮助很大,所谓的题感大概就是这样吧。
其实ETS还是比较套路滴,第一段的后半部分中有大量关于罗马瓷器的细节描述,这种情况下最容易出EXCEPT的题目,而第二题的答案句也不是意外的落在一个对比表达上。给大家附上第二题哈:
All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 1 as characteristics of Roman pottery EXCEPT:
A It was usually made with high-quality clay.
B It generally did not weigh much.
C It did not break as easily as other ancient pottery.
D It sometimes had imperfections.
遇到托福阅读加试题了怎么办?
遇到托福阅读加试题是比较正常的,我们不能心慌,更不能乱做。原因很简单,我们不知道加试部分到底怎么算分,市面上流行的说法那么几种:加试部分是为了测试题目的平衡性,不算分;加试部分会抽几道题算分,认真做;ETS会利用加试题目的难度来平衡试卷的总体难度,加权平均后会给学生加分或者减分。
其实,不管是那种情况,我们完全没有必要被加试所影响。跟新托福实施的早几年相比,现在的托福考试已经非常友好了。要知道以前你是不知道托福阅读试题是否有加试的:以前阅读部分采用分别计时制,20分钟完成第一篇,如果有加试,那么剩余时间会变成40+40;在采用新的计时方式后,我们在第一时间就能知道有无加试,具体有几篇,因为整体时间会在屏幕上显示。再者说,我们有经典的托福阅读文章加试题目,完全可以在考试前全部记忆下来,这样在考场上就能够快速地完成加试部分,然后利用剩余的时间来检测前文已经做过的题目。这也算是托福阅读加试的福利了。
既然去考托福就应该有充足的准备,如果有了很好地准备工作,即使多出了几篇托福阅读文章也应该不会影响整体发挥。托福阅读试题加试近几年出现的频率增高,考生们应该放平心态,坦然面对。这样才有机会最大化发挥自己的实力,取得理想的成绩。
篇7:雅思阅读速度慢的原因分析及速度要求
雅思阅读速度慢的原因分析及速度要求
雅思阅读,你为什么读得慢?
弄清楚问题的原因,我们才能”对症下药“,下面同学们自我诊断一下,找出读得慢的原因。这些小毛病,你中了几个?
一个词都不放过,逐字逐句地读;
被一个陌生单词拦截,看到不会的单词就停下来;
念紧箍咒式的默念默读;
强迫症型,想完全理解每个字、每句话的意思;
一个句子读2、3遍;
入戏太深,对文章的观点想得太深入、太多;
有的小伙伴不幸全中!是你吗?捂脸的小伙伴,注意了,读的太慢有害身心哦!不信你看:
阅读太慢带来的问题
有时候,慢读是必要的,而且很重要,但一味慢读就会造成一些问题:
读不完文章,考试无法完成;
时间快用完时,带来紧张等负面情绪;
浪费时间在一些无法带给你正确答案的文章内容上;
考前做阅读练习时,花费很长时间读不完一篇文章;
如何提高雅思阅读速度
(一) 略读 粗略地阅读语言材料的面式读法。通过略读获取雅思阅读材料的主要内容和大意。快速阅读时,训练学生略读文章标题判断预测主要内容。略读首尾段、首尾句了解文章大意。
(二)跳读 带着明确目的寻找特定信息,忽略无关内容的点式阅读。跳读适用于细节检索式问题。SEFC阅读课前的问题常可以用来训练跳读技巧。
如:Look Carefully and Learn (SB1A L6)
How did the students feel after they tasted the mixture?
首先归纳出问题的要点: How, students ,feel,
然后要求学生目光蛇形下移在规定的时间内在文章中检索出答案:
Instead of smiling, each of them made a face. The mixture tasted terrible.
(三)组读 以意群为单位,一组一组视读。边读边理解。减少眼停次数,缩短“眼脑直映”时间。
(四)记忆 阅读语言材料时,熟记文中的重要事实,情节是提高雅思阅读速度的重要手段。边读边忘,便无法深入全面理解材料。回视,重读等不良阅读习惯会随之出现。加强记忆能力的训练可以通过背诵重点句型、段落主题句、课文主要段落、结论,也可以在规定的时间之内要求学生阅读一段文章,然后复述该段文章的主要内容。
雅思阅读三篇文章难度有差别吗?
前两篇文章做得心花怒放,答题处如行云流水挥洒自如,奔着8分往上冲。到了第三篇文章,读了两段就瞬间被打回6.5原型。
于是乎同学们纷纷疑问:阅读三篇文章难度到底是如何分配的?第一篇文章太难的话我要不要迂回到第二篇继续作战?每篇文章的题目设置有套路吗?雅思三篇阅读难度一样吗
三篇文章难度设置
首先,雅思三篇文章的难度是不一样的。
通常来讲三篇文章的难度是逐渐递增的。也就是说,第一篇文章的难度是最低的。所以,在第一篇阅读文章就望而却步的宝宝们,大家的路还很长啊……
第一篇文章用时多久才恰当?
这个问题比较因人而异。平均来说雅思每篇阅读文章的时间分配都应该是20分钟。因此在做第一篇阅读时如果只是过去了15分钟,那么建议大家还是把第一篇文章先搞定,心理上轻装上阵攻克下面两篇。
如果时间已经过去20分钟以上,你还是有几道题找不到答案,这个时候就建议大家学会取舍,先完成后面的文章与题目,再回头来确定难点题目的答案。
阅读题目设置与文章形式相关吗?
大家在做阅读时要了解的一个小窍门,文章的类型与后面匹配的题目是有相关性的。
以第一篇文章为例,大家会发现文章类型大多是事实描述的说明文,比如介绍某项事物的历史、用途、特点等等,相对来说观点类论述会比较少。因此,第一篇文章的题目类型会侧重在你对 factual information,也就是客观事实的把控能力上。
在第一篇文章后你经常见到的题型是:short answer类; table completion类或者T/F/NG类。
第二篇文章的题型设置通常会考察一下你的综合概括能力,比如 matching headings类;listing of headings类。当然,这种heading类题型是设置在文章之前的,直接告诉你阅读时概括理解是重点。
难度最高的第三篇文章中会出现很多的argument观点论据等等。文中可能会出现很多人对于某一事物或者理论的看法,支持与反对的意见交织在文中。不仅如此,这篇文章的长度通常是最长的,题目设置量也是最多的。因此第三篇文章后的题目设置类型经常会出现:multiple choice类;Y/N/NG类。
细心的同学们发现了吧,第一篇文章的判断题通常设置为T/F, 第三篇文章则为Y/N。这两种题型可不是考官随心所欲的任性产物。一般来说T/F问法的题目设置大多为事实以及细节判断,因此常见于第一篇阅读。而需要判断Y/N的题目大多是观点或态度等主观层面的论述。出现在第三篇文章后就不奇怪啦。
精读到底怎样操作最有效
首先怎么界定你的阅读是否够“精“呢?一个简单的衡量标准就是,你学得越累,学习的效果就越好。很扎心吧,但是这个衡量方式很有道理。
你学得累,证明你调动的认知资源更多,花费的精力更多,专注度更高,因此学习效果自然更好。比如一篇文章,浮光掠影的大致泛读与逐句翻译相比,当然是翻译在时间精力上的花费更大。
泛读的时候很多宝宝感觉已经读懂了文章大致,但是在逐句分析、精读、甚至背诵的时候,你就会发现词汇的用法,句子成分的分析,甚至是上下文背景的交代等细节,你还存在大量无法全面理解的知识点。这也体现出了精读的重要性。
下面讲精读方法。
精读的方向主要有两个,第一个是reading for learning,也就是说通过精读而让你的英语变得更好,这也是大多数宝宝在学英语中经历的环节。第二个方向是learning for reading, 也就是学习如何进行阅读,更多的是学习一些阅读方式以及技巧。这两种最常见的阅读方向分别如何进行精读呢?
1 reading for learning
先说大家最熟悉的环节。雅思阅读的精读步骤是什么?首先,严格按照考试要求和时间把题目做完。也就是说,你可以20分钟做完一篇文章的题目,也可以用1小时把三篇题目一气呵成。做完之后当然要对一对答案,把错误标注出来。
第二步,开始对文本进行研读。研读过程中完成两件事:第一,整理文章出现的核心词汇与话题词汇(尤其是你经常见到但是还不认识的);第二,对照中文翻译文本进行逐句研读。方法是:先看一遍英文,脑子里过一下这句英文该怎么翻译;然后去看正确的中文翻译,检视一下你的翻译与正确翻译有多大出处;最后再看一遍英文原句,理顺一下句子成分。当你完成整篇文章的逐句研读后,你对文章的细节理解应该已经非常透彻了。当然如果你还有余力,你可以分析一下句间关系和段间关系,句子之间与段落之间的衔接方法。
第三步,分析题目。当你完整把握了全文细节以及结构之后,在仔细研究每道题的出处考点以及设问方式。当然你也可以借助很多雅思参考书中的提干解析。
第四步,也是最重要的一个步骤,英译汉逐句翻译。在文章中挑选3-5段你认为理解困难度最高的段落进行“落笔逐句翻译”。不管你是写在纸上还是打在word里,这个环节都一定不能省略。你会发现,即使你已经对着翻译文本逐句进行精读了,你在逐词落笔翻译中依然会对这句话的用词、句式、成分以及整个段落构成有新的认识。
第五步,不是必须要求,但是却能够快速拔升你的阅读乃至整个英语能力:背诵段落。选取你落笔翻译过的难段进行背诵,注意背诵的目的不是为了把他们用在写作或者口语考试里,否则难度太大,也会显得很突兀。背诵过程最重要培养的是你的英语思维能力。
以上就是reading for learning精读方式的5大步骤,总结起来就是做题目对答案——对照译文逐句精读——分析题目与答案——选段落笔翻译——选段背诵。
2 learning for reading
learning for reading方向的精读方法,更加针对于阅读能力的集中提升,而非整个的语言能力。方法很简单。首先拿到一篇文章,先看它的题目,然后来个prediction,自己分析行文中可能会包括哪些内容。
举个栗子,一篇名为Jonsson’s dictionary 的文章,你尽量全面的猜测文章中会涉及到哪些内容。比如对Jonsson这个人的介绍,背景、学历、身份等,对dictionary的介绍,比如什么时候出版的,有什么特点,作者是谁,等等。
罗列出你的预测内容点之后再阅读文章,同时判断你的预测哪些在文中提到了,哪些是not given。所有你预测成功的内容,试着做一下段落matching,也就是说这些预测内容分别出现在文中的哪几段。最后有余力的宝宝们可以试试自己做一个summary,进行一下句子的改写。怎么改写?直接看学姐发给大家的雅思同义替换词学学套路。
大家发现了吗,这一系列的流程结束后,雅思阅读中的高频题型能力你都得到了提升。这也就是所谓的learning for reading。
精读也许很耗时,但是效果却很显著。学姐强烈建议备考的宝宝用心试一个月,你会看到很明显的阅读能力的提升。还等什么,动起来!
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